Converter for Dual Cell
Conductivity and Resistivity
IM 12D08E02-01E
IM 12D08E02-01E
4th Edition
PREFACE
DANGER
WARNING
Electric discharge
The EXA analyzer contains devices that can be damaged by electrostatic discharge. When servicing
this equipment, please observe proper procedures to prevent such damage. Replacement components
should be shipped in conductive packaging. Repair work should be done at grounded workstations using
grounded soldering irons and wrist straps to avoid electrostatic discharge.
Installation and wiring
The EXA analyzer should only be used with equipment that meets the relevant IEC, American or
Canadian standards. Yokogawa accepts no responsibility for the misuse of this unit.
CAUTION
The Instrument is packed carefully with shock absorbing materials, nevertheless, the instrument may be
damaged or broken if subjected to strong shock, such as if the instrument is dropped. Handle with care.
Although the instrument has a weatherproof construction, the transmitter can be harmed if it becomes
submerged in water or becomes excessively wet.
Do not use an abrasive or solvent in cleaning the instrument.
Notice
• This manual should be passed on to the end user.
• The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice.
• The contents of this manual shall not be reproduced or copied, in part or in whole, without permission.
• This manual explains the functions contained in this product, but does not warrant that they are suitable
the particular purpose of the user.
• Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy in the preparation of this manual.
However, when you realize mistaken expressions or omissions, please contact the nearest Yokogawa
Electric representative or sales office.
• This manual does not cover the special specifications. This manual may be left unchanged on any
change of specification, construction or parts when the change does not affect the functions or
performance of the product.
• If the product is not used in a manner specified in this manual, the safety of this product may be
impaired.
Yokogawa is not responsible for damage to the instrument, poor performance of the instrument or losses
resulting from such, if the problems are caused by:
• Improper operation by the user.
• Use of the instrument in improper applications
• Use of the instrument in an improper environment or improper utility program
• Repair or modification of the related instrument by an engineer not authorized by Yokogawa.
Safety and Modification Precautions
• Follow the safety precautions in this manual when using the product to ensure protection and safety of
the human body, the product and the system containing the product.
The following safety symbols are used on the product as well as in this manual.
DANGER
This symbol indicates that an operator must follow the instructions laid out in this manual in order to
avoid the risks, for the human body, of injury, electric shock, or fatalities. The manual describes what
special care the operator must take to avoid such risks.
This symbol indicates that the operator must refer to the instructions in this manual in order to prevent
the instrument (hardware) or software from being damaged, or a system failure from occurring.
CAUTION
This symbol gives information essential for understanding the operations and functions.
This symbol indicates Protective Ground Terminal
This symbol indicates Function Ground Terminal (Do not use this terminal as the protective ground
terminal.)
This symbol indicates Alternating current.
This symbol indicates Direct current.
Warranty and service
Yokogawa products and parts are guaranteed free from defects in workmanship and material under
normal use and service for a period of (typically) 12 months from the date of shipment from the manufacturer. Individual sales organizations can deviate from the typical warranty period, and the conditions of
sale relating to the original purchase order should be consulted. Damage caused by wear and tear, inadequate maintenance, corrosion, or by the effects of chemical processes are excluded from this warranty
coverage.
In the event of warranty claim, the defective goods should be sent (freight paid) to the service department of the relevant sales organization for repair or replacement (at Yokogawa discretion). The following
information must be included in the letter accompanying the returned goods:
• Part number, model code and serial number
• Original purchase order and date
• Length of time in service and a description of the process
• Description of the fault, and the circumstances of failure
• Process/environmental conditions that may be related to the installation failure of the device
• A statement whether warranty or non-warranty service is requested
• Complete shipping and billing instructions for return of material, plus the name and phone number of a
contact person who can be reached for further information.
Returned goods that have been in contact with process fluids must be decontaminated/disinfected before
shipment. Goods should carry a certificate to this effect, for the health and safety of our employees.
Material safety data sheets should also be included for all components of the processes to which the
equipment has been exposed.
How to dispose the batteries:
This is an explanation about the new EU Battery Directive (DIRECTIVE 2006/66/EC). This directive is
only valid in the EU. Batteries are included in this product. Batteries incorporated into this product cannot
be removed by yourself. Dispose them together with this product. When you dispose this product in the
EU, contact your local Yokogawa Europe B.V.office. Do not dispose them as domestic household waste.
Battery type: silver oxide battery
Notice:
The symbol (see above) means they shall be sorted out
and collected as ordained in ANNEX II in DIRECTIVE 2006/66/EC.
Customer Maintenance Parts List (for Style: S2) ..................CMPL 12D08E02-02E
Revision Record ..........................................................................................................i
IM 12D08E02-01E
Introduction 1-1
1. INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Yokogawa EXA 402 is a 4-wire converter designed for industrial process monitoring, measurement
and control applications. This instruction manual contains the information needed to install, set up, operate and maintain the unit correctly. This manual also includes a basic troubleshooting guide to answer
typical user questions.
Yokogawa can not be responsible for the performance of the EXA analyzer if these instructions are not
followed.
1-1. Instrument Check
Upon delivery, unpack the instrument carefully and inspect it to ensure that it was not damaged during
shipment. If damage is found, retain the original packing materials (including the outer box) and then
immediately notify the carrier and the relevant Yokogawa sales office.
Make sure the model number on the nameplate affixed to the top of the display board of the instrument
agrees with your order.
WARNING
The nameplate will also contain the serial number and power supply selection.
Be sure to apply correct power to the unit.
50/60Hz MAX.10VA
115VAC
0-20mADC or 4-20mADC
Figure 1-1. Nameplate
MODEL
SUFFIX
STYLE
DC402G
Made in Japan
SUPPLY
OUTPUT
No.
Check that all the parts are present, including mounting hardware, as specified in the option codes at the
end of the model number. For a description of the model codes, refer to Chapter 2 of this manual under
General Specifications.
Basic Parts List:Converter EXA 402
Instruction Manual English
Optional mounting hardware when specified (See model code)
IM 12D08E02-01E
1-2 Introduction
1-2. Application
The EXA converter is intended to be used for continuous on-line measurement in industrial installations.
The unit combines simple operation and microprocessor-based performance with advanced self-diagnostics and enhanced communications capability to meet the most advanced requirements. The measurement can be used as part of an automated process control system. It can also be used to indicate
dangerous limits of a process, to monitor product quality, or to function as a simple controller for a dos-
ing/neutralization system.
Yokogawa designed the EXA analyzer to withstand harsh environments. The converter may be installed
either indoors or outside because the IP65 (NEMA 4X) housing and cabling glands ensure the unit is
adequately protected. The flexible polycarbonate window on the front door of the EXA allows pushbutton access to the keypad, thus preserving the water and dust protection of the unit even during routine
maintenance operations.
A variety of EXA hardware is optionally available to allow wall, pipe, or panel mounting. Selecting a proper installation site will permit ease of operation. Sensors should normally be mounted closely to the converter in order to ensure easy calibration and peak performance. If the unit must be mounted remotely
from the sensors, WF10 extension cable can be used up to a maximum of 50 metres (150 feet) with a
BA10 junction box.
The EXA is delivered with a general purpose default setting for programmable items. (Default settings
are listed in Chapter 5 and again in Chapter 10). While this initial configuration allows easy start-up, the
configuration should be adjusted to suit each particular application. An example of an adjustable item is
the type of temperature sensor used. The EXA can be adjusted for any one of five different types of temperature sensors.
To record such configuration adjustments, write changes in the space provided in Chapter 10 of this
manual. Because the EXA is suitable for use as a monitor, a controller or an alarm instrument, program
configuration possibilities are numerous.
Details provided in this instruction manual are sufficient to operate the EXA with all Yokogawa sensor
systems and a wide range of third-party commercially available probes. For best results, read this manual in conjunction with the corresponding sensor instruction manual.
IM 12D08E02-01E
2. DC402G SPECIFICATIONS
2-1. General specifications
A. Input specifications
: Two inputs , each 2-electrode
measurement with square wave
excitation, using cell constants(C)
from 0.008 to 50.0 cm
-1
, with up
to 60 metres (200ft) connection
cable.
B. Detection method
: Frequency, read-pulse position
and reference voltage are
dynamically optimized.
C. Input rangesMinimum : 1µS x C at process tem perature
(underrange 0.000 µS/cm).
Maximum : 25 mS x C at process tem perature
(overrange 30 mS x C).
-Resistivity : 0.00 kΩ - 999 MΩ/C at 25 °C
(77 °F) reference temperature.
Minimum : 40 Ω/C at process temperature
(underrange 0.001 kΩ x cm).
Maximum : 1 MΩ/C at process tem pera ture
(overrange 999 MΩ x cm).
-Temperature
Pt1000 : -20 to +250 °C (0 to 500 °F)
Pt100 and Ni100
: -20 to +200 °C (0 to 400 °F)
8K55 NTC : -10 to +120 °C (10 to 250 °F)
PB36 NTC : -20 to +120 °C (0 to 250 °F)
D. SpanConductivity/Resistivity
- Min. span : 0.010 µS/cm; 0.001 kΩ x cm
up to 90% maximum zero
suppression.
- Max. span : 1500 mS/cm; 999 MΩ x cm
Ratio (cell1/cell2)
- Min. span : 00.0
- Max. span : 19.99
Difference (cell1- cell2)
- Min. span : 0.010 µS/cm
- Max. span : 400 mS/cm
% Passage (100x[cell2/cell1] )
- Min. span : 00.0
- Max. span : 199.9
% Rejection (100x[( cell1-cell2)/cell1] )
- Min. span : 0.1
- Max. span : 400
Specification 2-1
% Deviation (100x[ (cell2-cell1)/cell1] )
- Min. span : 0.1
- Max. span: 400
VGB-directive 450 L
- Min. span : 1.0 pH
- Max. span : 14.0 pH
Temperature
- Min. span : 25 °C (50 °F)
- Max. span : 250°C (500 °F)
Difference Temperature
- Min. span : 25 °C (50 °F)
- Max. span : 250 °C (500 °F)
E. Transmission Signals
: Two isolated outputs of 0/4-20
mA DC with common negative.
Max. load : 600 Ω.
Auxiliary output can be chosen
from conductivity, linearized
conductivity, resistivity,
temperature, differential
temperature calculated value
or PI control of conductivity/
resistivity.
Burn up (22 mA) or Burn down
(0/3.5 mA) to signal failure.
F. Temperature compensation
: Automatic, for temperature
ranges mentioned under C
(input ranges).
- Reference temperature :
programmable from 0 to 100 °C
or 30 to 210 °F (default 25 °C).
G. Compensation algorithm
:
According IEC 60746-3
NaCl tables (default). Two
independent user programmable
temperature coefficients, from
0% to 3.5% per °C (°F) by
adjustment or calibration.
- Matrix compensation : with conductivity function
of concen-tration and
temperature. Choice of 5
preprogrammed matrixes
and a 25-points userprogrammable matrix.
IM 12D08E02-01E
2-2 Specification
H. Display: Custom liquid crystal display,
with a main display of 3
1
/2
digits 12.5 mm high. Message
display of 6 alpha numeric
characters, 7 mm high. Warn-
ing flags and units (mS/cm,
kΩ·cm, µS/cm and MΩ·cm) as
appropriate.
I. Contact Outputs
- General : Four (4) SPDT relay contacts
with LED indicators. For S1,
S2, and S3, the LED is on
when relay power is removed.
NOTE: For S4 (FAIL) LED
lights when relay is
deenergised (Fail
safe).
Contact outputs configurable
for hysteresis and delay time.
- Switch capacity
: Maximum values 100 VA,
250 VAC, 5 Amps.
Maximum values 50 Watts,
250 VDC, 5 Amps.
- Status : High/low process alarms,
selected from conductivity,
resistivity and temperature.
Contact output is also
available to signal “Hold
active”
- Control function
: On/Off
PI pulsed : Proportional duty cycle control
with integral term.
PI frequency : Proportional frequency control
with integral term.
(PI control on Conductivity/
Resistivity only) In addition
FAIL alarm for sys tem and
diagnostic errors on S4.
K. Shipping Details
Package size
: W x H x D
290 x 300 x 290 mm.
11.5 x 11.8 x 11.5 in.
Packed weight
:approx. 2.5 kg (5lb).
2-2. Operating specifications
A. Performance : Conductivity
- Linearity : ± 0.5 % FS
- Repeatability : ± 0.5 % FS
- Accuracy : ± 0.5 FS
Performance : Resistivity
- Linearity : ± 0.5 FS
- Repeatability : ± 0.5 % FS
- Accuracy : ± 0.5 % FS
Performance :TemperaturewithPt1000Ω,
Ni100ΩandPB36NTC
- Linearity : ± 0.3 °C
- Repeatability : ± 0.3 °C
- Accuracy : ± 0.3 °C
Performance :TemperaturewithPT100Ω
and8k55Ω
- Linearity : ± 0.4 °C
- Repeatability: ± 0.4 °C
- Accuracy : ± 0.4 °C
Note; The following tolerance are added to
above performance.
mA output tolerance : ± 0.02 mA of
"0/4 - 20 mA"
Digital display tolerance: +1 digit
Performance : Temperature compensation
- NaCl table : ± 1 %
- Matrix : ± 3 %
- Step response: 90 % (< 2 decades) in ≤ 6
seconds
B. Ambient operating temperature
: -10 to +55 °C (14 to 131 ºF)
J. Power Supply
Supply voltage rating: 115, 230 VAC
Applicable range: 97.8 to 132.2, 195.5 to
264.5 VAC
Supply frequency rating: 50 / 60 Hz
Applicable range: 50 Hz ± 5% / 60 Hz ± 5%
Power consumption: Maximum 10 VA for
steady operation
IM 12D08E02-01E
C. Storage temperature
: -30 to +70 °C (-20 to 160 ºF)
D. Humidity
: 10 to 90% RH non-condensing
E. Housing
: Cast aluminium case
with chemically resistant
coating, cover with flexible
polycarbonate window. Case
color is off-white and cover is
moss green. Cable entry is via
six PG13.5 nylon glands. Cable
terminals are provided for up to
2.5 mm finished wires. Weather
resistant to IP65. Pipe wall or
panel mounting, using optional
hardware.
F. Data protection
: EEPROM for configuration and
logbook, and lithium battery for
clock.
G. Watchdog timer
: Checks microprocessor
H. Automatic safeguard
: Return to measuring mode
when no keystroke is made for
10 min.
I. Power interruption
: Less than 50 milliseconds no
effect.
J. Operation protection
: 3-digit programmable pass-
word.
K. Safety and EMC conforming standards
Safety :
conforms to EN 61010-1,
,
EMC : EN 61326-1 Class A, Table 2
(For use in industrial locations) (Note 1)
EN 61326-2-3
EN 61000-3-2 Class A
EN 61000-3-3
EMC Regulatory Arrangement in
Australia and New Zealand (RCM)
EN 55011 Class A, Group 1
Korea Electromagnetic
Conformity Standard Class A
한국 전자파적합성 기준
Installation altitude: 2000 m or less
Category based on IEC 61010: II (Note 2)
Pollution degree based on IEC 61010: 2
(Note 2)
Note 1: This instrument is a Class A
product, and it is designed for
use in the industrial environment.
Please use this instrument in the
industrial environment only.
Specification 2-3
A급 기기ㅤ(업무용 방송통신기자재)
ㅤ이 기기는 업무용(A급) 전자파적합기기로서 판매자 또는
사용자는 이 점을 주의하시기 바라며, 가정외의 지역에서
사용하는 것을 목적으로 합니다.
Note 2: Installation category, called over-
voltage category, specifies impulse
withstand voltage. Category II is
for electrical equipment.
Pollution degree indicates the
degree of existence of solid, liquid,
gas or other inclusions which
may reduce dielectric strength.
Degree 2 is the normal indoor
environment.
2-3. Model and suffix codes
Model
DC402G-----------------------Dual Conductivity
Type-1----------General
Power Supply
Voltage
Language-E-J----------
Options
Suffix
code
-1
-2
Mounting Hardware
Tag Plate
Conduit Adapter
Hood
Option
code
----------
----------
----------
/U
/PM
/H3
/H4
/SCT
/AFTG
/ANSI
/X1
Description
Converter
115V +/-15% AC, 50/60 Hz
230V +/-15% AC, 50/60 Hz
English
Japanese
Pipe, wall mounting
bracket (Stainless steel)
Panel mounting bracket
(Stainless steel)
Hood for sun protection
(Carbon steel)
Hood for sun protection
(Stainless steel)
Stainless steel tag plate
G 1/2
1/2 NPT
Epoxy baked finish (*1)
*1 The housing is coated with epoxy resin.
[Style: S2]
IM 12D08E02-01E
Installation and wiring 3-1
□ Hood (optional)
WARNING
3. INSTALLATION AND WIRING
3-1. Installation and dimensions
3-1-1. Installation site
This instrument is a Class A product, and it is designed for use in the industrial environment. Please use
this instrument in the industrial environment only.
The EXA converter is weatherproof and can be installed inside or outside . It should, however, be
installed as close as possible to the sensor to avoid long cable runs between sensor and converter .
In any case, the total cable length should not exceed 60 meters (200 feet) . Select an installation site
where:
• Mechanical vibrations and shocks are negligible
• No relay/power switches are in the direct environment
• Access is possible to the cable glands (see figure 3-1)
• The converter is not mounted in direct sunlight or severe weather conditions
• Maintenance procedures are possible (avoiding corrosive environments)
The ambient temperature and humidity of the installation environment must be within the limits of the
instrument specifications. (See chapter 2).
3-1-2. Mounting methods
Refer to figures 3-2 and 3-3. Note that the EXA converter has universal mounting capabilities:
• Panel mounting using optional brackets
• Surface mounting on a plate (using bolts from the back)
• Wall mounting on a bracket (for example, on a solid wall)
• Pipe mounting using a bracket on a horizontal or vertical pipe (nominal pipe diameter 50A)
144
(5.67)
184
(7.24)
144
(5.67)
Option code : /H□
72
(2.83)
(0.79)
20
23
(0.91)
220
(8.66)
112
(4.41)
Four M6 screws, 8 (0.31) deep
80
(3.15)
Adaptor for conduit work
(option code : /AFTG, /ANSI)
80
(3.15)
Figure 3-1. Housing dimensions and layout of glands
ABC
D
3636
(1.42)
Ground terminal
(M4 screw)
EF
(1.42)
Cable inlet port (21 (0.83) dia. holes)
equivalent to DIN PG13.5 cable gland
A : For sensor cable
B : For sensor cable
C : For output signal
(1.42)
36
38
D : For contact output (S3 and S4)
E : For contact output (S1 and S2)
Figure 3-3. Wall and pipe mounting diagram (Option Code: /U)
IM 12D08E02-01E
200
(7.87)
35
15
(1.38)
(0.59)
70
100
(2.76)
(3.94)
Installation and wiring 3-3
Figure 3-4. Internal view of EXA wiring compartment
DANGER
• Never apply power to the DC402G converter and other instruments connected to the DC402G
converter until all wiring is completed.
WARNING
• This product complies with the CE marking.
Where compliance with the CE marking and relevant standard is necessary, the following wiring is
required.
1. Install an external switch or circuit breaker to the power supply of the DC402G converter.
2. Use an external switch or circuit breaker rated 5A and conforming to IEC 60947-1 or IEC 60947-3.
3. It is recommended that the external switch or circuit breaker be installed in the same room as the
DC402G converter.
4. The external switch or circuit breaker should be installed within reach of the operator and identified
with marking as a power supply switch to the DC402G converter.
5. Power lines such as power cables and contact outputs should be fixed securely onto a wall or
construction using cable racks, conduit tubing, nylon bands or other appropriate ways. Accidental
removal from terminals by pulling may result in electric shock.
IM 12D08E02-01E
3-4 Installation and wiring
3-2. Preparation
Refer to figure 3-4. The relay contact terminals and power supply connections are under the screening
(shielding) plate. These should be connected first. Connect the sensor and outputs.
To open the EXA 402 for wiring:
1. Loosen the four frontplate screws and remove the cover.
2. Use the rubber knob in the lower righthand corner and swing open the display board to the left.
3. The upper terminal strip is now visible.
4. Remove the screen (shield) plate covering the lower terminal strip.
5. Connect the power supply and contact outputs. Use the three glands at the back for these cables.
6. Replace the screen (shield) plate over the lower terminals.
WARNING
Always replace the screen plate over the power and contact outputs for safety and avoid
interference.
7. Connect the analog output(s) and the sensor input.
8. Use the front three glands for analog output, sensor input, contact input and communication cabling
(see figure 3-5).
9. Close the display board and switch on the power. Commission the instrument as required or use the
default settings.
10. Replace the cover and secure frontplate with the four screws.
Tighten four frontplate screws to 1.5 N·m torque.
Contact
(S3,S4,FAIL)
output cables
Suitable for cables with an outside diameter between 6 - 12 mm (0.24 - 0.47 in.)
Figure 3-5. Glands to be used for cabling
Sensor
cables
Contact
(S1,S2)
output cables
Sensor
cables
Power
cable
High voltage section
Analog
output cable
IM 12D08E02-01E
Installation and wiring 3-5
FRONT GLANDSREAR GLANDS
Sensors
0/4-20 mA
Output
signals
Contact
output
Contact
output
Contact
input
0/4-20 mA
Power
S1
S2
S3
S4/FAIL
DANGER
Figure 3-6. System configuration
3-3. Wiring the power supply
3-3-1. General precautions
Make sure the power supply is switched off. Also, make sure that the power supply is correct for the
specifications of the EXA and that the supply agrees with the voltage specified on the nameplate.
Remove the front cover by unscrewing the four screws to check this nameplate on the top of the display
board.
Local health and safety regulations may require an external circuit breaker to be installed. The instrument is protected internally by a fuse. The fuse rating is dependent on the supply to the instrument. The
250 VAC fuses should be of the “time-lag” type, conforming to IEC60127.
The internal fuse is located next to the power terminals (in the lower right hand corner).
Use only a fuse of the specified current, voltage and type ratings to prevent fire. For fuse replacement,
refer to Section 7-3, “Fuse Replacement.”
3-3-2. Access to terminal and cable entry
Terminals 1 and 2 on the bottom terminal strip are used for the power supply. Guide the power cables
through the gland closest to the power supply terminals. The terminals will accept wires of 2.5 mm2 (14
AWG). Use cable finishings if possible.
Connect the wires as indicated in the wiring diagram (refer to figure 3-6).
IM 12D08E02-01E
3-6 Installation and wiring
DANGER
CAUTION
71
S4
S3
S2
S1
C NC NO
72 73 51 52 53 41 43 31 33 42 32
250VAC
5A
100VA
250VDC
5A
50W
FUSE
115
230
250VAC; T 200mA
3 1 2
G N L
C NC NO C NC NO C NC NO
VAC
VAC
12 11 14 15 22 21
63 66 65 62 61 95 94 93 92 91
Sensor inputs
SENSOR 1
12 11 14 15
mA Outputs
CONT
SENSOR 2
mA OUTPUT
Relay Contacts Power Supply
Temp
Temp
mA2
mA1
Screen
250VAC; T 100mA
DC402 REFER TO INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR CONNECTIONS
23
Screen
(M4 screw)
Figure 3-7. Input and output connections
3-3-3. AC power
Connect terminal 1 to the phase line of the AC power and terminal 2 to the zero line. The size of conductors should be at least 1.25 mm2. The overall cable diameter should be between 6 & 12 mm (0.24 &
0.47 in).
3-3-4. Grounding the housing
Protective grounding must be made to prevent electric shock.
To protect the instrument against interference, the housing should be connected to ground by a large
area conductor. This cable can be fixed to the rear of the housing using a braided wire cable.
See figure 3-8.
Please be sure to connect protective grounding of
DC402G with cable of 1.25 mm2 or larger cross section in order to avoid the electrical shock to the operators and maintenance engineers and prevent the
influence of external noise. And further connect the
grounding wire to the
3-3-5. Switching on the instrument
After all connections are made and checked, the
power can be switched on from the power supply.
mark (100Ω or less).
Make sure the LCD display comes on. All segments
will illuminate, then the instrument will momentarily
display its unique serial number. After a brief interval, the display will change to the measured value. If
errors are displayed or a valid measured value is not
shown, consult the troubleshooting section (Chapter
8) before calling Yokogawa.
Figure 3-8. Grounding the housing
IM 12D08E02-01E
Installation and wiring 3-7
3-4. Wiring the contact signals
3-4-1. General precautions
The contact output signals consist of voltage-free relay contacts for switching electrical appliances
(SPDT). They can also be used as digital outputs to signal processing equipment (such as a controller or
PLC). It is possible to use multi-core cables for the contact in and output signals and shielded multi-core
cable for the analog signals.
3-4-2. Contact outputs
The EXA unit’s four contact outputs can be wired to suit your own custom requirements (Figure 3-6).
In the Non-Alarm or Power Off states, contacts S1, S2 and S3 are OFF, Common (C) and Normally
Closed (NC) are in contact.
In the “Fail” or Power Off states, contact S4 is ON, Common (C) and Normally Closed (NC) are in con-
tact.
You can either use them to switch AC power, or switch a DC Voltage for digital interfacing.
Default settings
• The contact S1 is pre-programmed for high alarm function.
• The contact S2 is pre-programmed for a low alarm function.
• The contact S3 is not activated as an alarm (off).
• The contact S4 is pre-programmed for FAIL.
The three control contacts (S1 to S3) can be used for simple process control by programming their function (Chapter 5). The FAIL contact is programmed to signal a fault in the measuring loop. Always connect the FAIL contact to an alarm device such as a warning light, sound annunciator, or alarm panel to
make full use of the fault detection possibilities (self diagnostics) of the EXA converter.
3-4-3. Contact input
It is necessary to use screening/shielding on the output signal cables. Screw (M3) 23 is used to connect
the shielding.
3-5. Wiring the analog output signals
3-5-1. General precautions
The analog output signals of the EXA transmit low power standard industry signals to peripherals like
control systems or strip-chart recorders (Figure 3-6).
3-5-2. Analog output signals
The output signals consist of active current signals of either 0-20 mA or 4-20 mA. The maximum load
can be 600 ohms on each.
It is necessary to use screening/shielding on the output signal cables. Terminal 63 is used to connect the
shielding.
IM 12D08E02-01E
3-8 Installation and wiring
3-6. Sensor wiring
Refer to figure 3-9, which includes drawings that outline sensor wiring.
The EXA DC402G can be used with a wide range of commercially available sensor types if provided with
shielded cables, both from Yokogawa and other manufacturers. The sensor systems from Yokogawa fall
into two categories, the ones that use fixed cables and the ones with separate cables.
To connect sensors with fixed cables, simply match the terminal numbers in the instrument with the identification numbers on the cable ends.
Note that the DC402G uses the 2 electrode measuring principle. Yokogawa sensors and cables are prepared for compatibility with 4-electrode measuring systems. To avoid problems either cut off and insulate
the wires tagged 13 &16 or connect the wires in tandem 13 &14 into terminal 14 or 15 &16 into terminal
15.
CONDUCTIVITY RESISTIVITY CONVERTER
11 TEMPERATURE
12 TEMPERATURE
14 CELL
15 CELL
1
2
1
2
BROWN
BROWN
YELLOW/GREEN
RET
11 TEMPERATURE
12 TEMPERATURE
14 OUTER ELECTRODE
15 INNER ELECTRODE
SEPARATE SENSORS WITH WU40-LH.. CABEL
SX42-SX . . - . F SENSORS
NOTE: Use shielded cable
11 TEMPERATURE
12 TEMPERATURE
14 OUTER ELECTRODE
15 INNER ELECTRODE
SC4A... SENSORS WITH INTEGRATED CABEL
Figure 3-9. Sensor wiring diagrams
3-7. Sensor connection using junction box and extension cable
Where a convenient installation is not possible using the standard cables between sensors and convert-
er, a junction box and extension cable may be used. The Yokogawa BA10 junction box and the WF10
extension cable should be used. These items are manufactured to a very high standard and are necessary to ensure that the specifications of the system can be met. The total cable length should not exceed
60 metres (e.g. 10 m fixed cable and 50 m extension cable).
NOTE: Numbers 17 of both WF10 and BA10 do not need to be used.
IM 12D08E02-01E
Installation and wiring 3-9
t
11 12
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
CELL
ELECTRODE
14
15
Sensor Inputs
mA Outputs
3-8. Other sensor systems
To connect other sensor systems, follow the general pattern of the terminal connections as listed below:
11 and 12 Always used for temperature compensation resistor input (Pt1000, Ni100, Pt100, PB36
and 8k55)
14 Normally used for the outer electrode
15 Used for inner electrode
In case a 4-electrode measuring system will be used, 14 and 16 should be used for the current elec-
trodes.Please ensure that shielded cabling will be used.
In figure 3-10 this is shown in a schematic way.
Figure 3-11. Terminal identification labels example
NO
NCC
S3
SENSOR 2
NO
NCC
S2
mA1
mA2
SCREEN
mA OUTPUTCONTSENSOR 1
333231434241535251737271
NO
NCC
S1
G
115 VAC
123
N
L
FUSE
250V
T200mA
IM 12D08E02-01E
3-10 Installation and wiring
Figure 3-12. Sensor cable connections
IM 12D08E02-01E
Operation 4-1
4. OPERATION; DISPLAY FUNCTIONS AND SETTING
4-1. Operator interface
This section provides an overview of the operation of the EXA operator interface. The basic procedures
for obtaining access to the three levels of operation are described briefly. For a step-by-step guide to data
entry, refer to the relevant section of this instruction manual. Figure 4-1 shows the EXA operator interface.
LEVEL 1: Maintenance
These functions are accessible by pushbutton through a flexible front cover window. The functions make
up the normal day-to-day operations that an operator may be required to complete. Adjustment of the
display and routine calibration are among the features accessible in this way. (See table 4-1).
LEVEL 2: Commissioning
A second menu is exposed when the EXA front cover is removed and the display board is revealed.
Users gain access to this menu by pressing the button marked * in the lower right of the display board.
This menu is used to set such values as the output ranges and hold features. It also gives access to the
service menu. (See table 4-1).
LEVEL 3: Service
For more advanced configuration selections, press the button marked * , then press “NO” repeatedly
until you reach SERVICE. Now push the “YES” button. Selecting and entering “Service Code” num-
bers in the commissioning menu provide access to the more advanced functions. An explanation of the
Service Codes is listed in chapter 5 and an overview table is shown in chapter 10.
CALIB 1(2) Calibration with a standard solution or a sample 6
DISPLAY 1(2) Read auxiliary data or set message display 4
HOLD Switch hold on/off (when activated) 5
Commissioning SETPOINTS Adjust alarm setpoints 5
RANGE Adjust the output range 5
SET HOLD Activate the hold function 5
TEMP Select method of temperature compensation 5
Service SERVICE Fine tune the specialized functions of the 5
(Access to coded entries converter
from the commissioning
level)
Note:
All three levels may be separately protected by a password. See Service Code 52 in chapter 5
Service Code table for details on setting passwords.
IM 12J05D02-01E
4-2 Operation
Output hold flag
Main display
Message display
Key prompt flags
Selection keys
YES : Accept setting
NO : Change setting
Adjustment keys
YOKOGAWA
> : Choose digit to
adjust
^ : Adjust digit
ENT : Confirm change
Figure 4-1. DC402G operator interface
HOLDFAIL
k
mS/cm
M
YES NO
NOMODEYES
ENT
Broken line indicates area
that can be seen through
front cover
cm
cm
S/cm
ENT
Fail flag
MODE
MEASURE
CAL 1
CAL 2
DISPLAY 1
DISPLAY 2
HOLD
CONTACTS
S1
S2
S3
FAIL
MARKINGS
WITHIN
INCLOSURE
Menu pointer flags
Units
Commissioning
SETPOINTS
RANGE
SET HOLD
TEMP.
SERVICE
*
function menu
Commissioning
mode access key
Relay contact
status indicators
Measure/Maintenance
mode key
4-2. Explanation of operating keys
MODE key This key toggles between the Measuring and Maintenance modes. Press once to obtain
access to the maintenance function menu.
SETPOINTS
CAL.1/CAL.2
DISP.1/DISP.2
HOLD
Press again to return to the Measuring mode (press twice when hold is activated).
YES/NO keys These are used to select choices from the menu.
YES is used to accept a menu selection.
NO is used to reject a selection, or to move ahead to the next option.
DATA ENTRY keys ( ENT)
is used as a “cursor” key. Each press on this key moves the cursor or flashing digit
one place to the right. This is used to select the digit to be changed when entering
numerical data.
is used to change the value of a selected digit. Each press on this key increases
the value by one unit. The value can not be decreased, so in order to obtain a
lower value, increase past nine to zero, then increase to the required number.
ENT
When the required value has been set using the > and ^ keys, press ENT to con-
firm the data entry. Please note that the EXA 402 does not register any change of
data until the ENT key is pressed.
* key This is the Commissioning mode key. It is used to obtain access to the
Commissioning menu. This can only be done with the cover removed or opened.
Once this button has been used to initiate the Commissioning menu, follow the
prompts and use the other keys as described above.
IM 12J05D02-01E
Operation 4-3
4-3. Setting passcodes
In Service Code 52, EXA users can set passcode protection for each one of the three operating levels,
or for any one or two of the three levels. This procedure should be completed after the initial commis-
sioning (setup) of the instrument. The passcodes should then be recorded safely for future reference.
When passcodes have been set, the following additional steps are introduced to the configuration and
programming operations:
Maintenance
Press MODE key.The display shows 000 and *PASS*
Enter a 3-digit passcode as set in Service Code 52 to obtain access to the Maintenance Mode
Commissioning
Press
Enter a 3-digit passcode as set in Service Code 52 to obtain access to the Commissioning Mode.
Service
From the commissioning menu, select *Service by pressing YES key. The display shows 000 and
*PASS*
Enter a 3-digit passcode as set in Service Code 52 to obtain access to the Service Mode.
key. The display shows 000 and *PASS*
*
NOTE:
See Service Code 52 for the setting of passcodes.
4-4. Display example
The next page shows the sequence of button presses and screens displayed when working in default
configuration.
More or less options will be made available by the configuration of some service codes, or by choices
made in the Commissioning menu.
The following deviations are possible:
Items marked are omitted when switched off in commissioning mode and/or service code 51.
Temperature compensation will be displayed dependent on chosen compensation method: NaCl,
TC 2.1 or matrix.
DISP.2 only appears if mA2 is configured for a 2nd (different) temperature compensation or if %
by weight.2 is enabled in code 55.
W/W % only appears if switched on in service code 55.
IM 12J05D02-01E
4-4 Operation
YES NO
µ
S/c m
µ
S/c m
YES
(See Setpoint
menu Chapter 5-1)
YES NO
µ
S/c m
MODE
NO
YES NO
µ
S/c m
YES
(See Calibration
menu Chapter 6)
YES NO
YES NO
µ
S/c m
NO
NO
Current
output
Press YES to fix
the selected second
line of display
YES NO
µ
S/c m
µ
S/c m
Process
tempe-
rature
Actual Cell
Constant
YES NO
µ
S/c m
NO
NO
Only if enabled
NO
NO
NO
Uncompensated
SC (if USP is enabled
in service code 57)
Software
release
number
YES NO
YES NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
µ
S/c m
µ
S/c m
µ
S/c m
µ
S/c m
µ
S/c m
µ
S/c m
Reference
temperature
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
DISP.1
or
DISP.2
2ndcompensated
value
YES NO
µ
S/c m
NO
NO
w/w %
HOLD
FAIL
YES NO
ENT
mS/cm
m
S/cm
k W.cm
M W.cm
CAL 2
CAL 1
SETPOINTS
RANGE
SET HOL D
SERVICE
*
MEASURE
DISPLAY 1
HOLD
NOMODEYES
ENT
YOKOGAWA
MODE
TEMP.
CONTACTS
S1
S2
S3
FAIL/S4
DISPLAY 2
MARKINGS
WITHIN
INCLOSURE
NO
YES
NO
NO
µ
S/c m
Temperature
compensation
for conductivity 1
NO
YES NO
µ
S/c m
NO
YES NO
µ
S/c m
YES NO
YES NO
Computed value
Cell temperature
Displ. 1 = Sensor 1
Displ. 2 = Sensor 2
Calculation type
Note:The variety of display screens depends
on the configuration of the service
settings (see section 5)
4-5. Display functions
Sequence for resistivity function parallels this conductivity example.
IM 12J05D02-01E
Parameter setting 5-1
5. PARAMETER SETTING
5-1. Maintenance mode
5-1-1. Introduction
Standard operation of the EXA instrument involves use of the Maintenance (or operating) mode to set up
some of the parameters.
Access to the Maintenance mode is available via the six keys that can be pressed through the flexible
window in the instrument front cover. Press the “MODE” key once to enter this dialog mode.
(Note that at this stage the user will be prompted for a pass code where this has been previously set up
in service code 52, section 5.)
Setpoint Select and adjust setpoint (when enabled in service menu section 5-3, service code 51).
See adjustment procedure 5-2-2.
Calibrate See “calibration” section 6.
Display setting See “operation” section 4.
Hold Manually switch on/off “hold” (when enabled in commissioning menu). See adjustment
procedure 5-2-4.
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-2 Parameter setting
YES
NO
MODE
YES
NO
YES
NO
SETPOINTS
RANGE
SET HOLD
SERVICE
*
NOMODEYES
ENT
YOKOGAWA
MODE
TEMP.
CONTACTS
S1
S2
S3
FAIL/S4
MARKINGS
WITHIN
INCLOSURE
S/cm
MEASURE
YES
NO
CAL 1
S/cm
NO
NO
NO
NO
HOLD
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
YES
NO
NO
YES
HOLD
DISPLAY 1
MEASURE
Note: The HOLD feature must first be activated in the commissioning mode section 5.2.4
5-1-2. Manual activation of Hold
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-1-3. Setpoint adjustment
YES
NO
S/cm
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
YES
For adjustments,
follow procedures
as in section 5.2.2
MODE
SETPOINTS
RANGE
SET HOLD
SERVICE
*
NOMODEYES
ENT
YOKOGAWA
MODE
TEMP.
CONTACTS
S1
S2
S3
FAIL/S4
MARKINGS
WITHIN
INCLOSURE
S/cm
MEASURE
YES
NO
CAL 1
S/cm
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
S/cmS/cm
YES
Note: To enable adjustments of setpoints in
maintenance mode, Service Code 51
must be set to "ON".
Setpoints available will depend on their
configuration in the Service Code.
Parameter setting 5-3
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-4 Parameter setting
5-2. Commissioning mode
5-2-1. Introduction
In order to obtain peak performance from the EXA DC402, you must set it up for each custom application.
Setpoints Alarms are set by default S1 - high process alarm
S2 - low process alarm
S3 - not activated
S4 - Fail
The setpoints are at arbitrary default value. Therefore, you must set these to meaningful
values, or set them to off. (See service codes 40 to 49 and user interface codes 50 to 59.)
Output ranges mA output 1 is set as default to 0-100 µS/cm or 0-19.99 MΩ•cm.
For enhanced resolution in more stable measuring processes, it may be desirable to
select 5-10 µS/cm range, for example, and maybe 0-25 °C temperature range.
Service codes 30 to 39 can be used to choose other output parameters on mA output 2.
Choose from Table, temperature or PI control.
Hold The EXA DC402G converter has the ability to “HOLD” the output during maintenance
periods. This parameter should be set up to hold the last measured value, or a fixed
value to suit the process.
Service This selection provides access to the service menu.
What follows are pictorial descriptions of typical frontplate pushbutton sequences for each parameter set-
ting function. By following the simple YES/NO prompts and arrow keys, users can navigate through the
process of setting range, setpoints, hold and service functions.
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-2-2. Setpoints
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENTENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
repeated
keystrokes
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
SETPOINTS
RANGE
SET HOLD
SERVICE
*
TEMP.
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
MEASURE
DISPLAY 1
HOLD
MODE
CAL 2
CAL 1
DISPLAY 2
NO
M cm
Parameter setting 5-5
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-6 Parameter setting
NO
YES
NOYES
NO
NO
YES
Process Alarms on
S.3 and S.4 are
only available when
enabled in Service
Codes 40-49
m
S/cm
NO
YES
Analog control setpoint
is only available when
enabled in Service Code 31
NO
YES
m
S/cm
m
S/cm
Setpoint confirmed.
Return to mode
commissioning.
Adjust setpoint value
using > ENT keys
as shown for setpoint 1.
>
ENT
Negative signs only appear for temp. settings.
NO
YES
NO
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-2-3. Range
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
SETPOINTS
RANGE
SET HOLD
SERVICE
*
TEMP.
YES
NO
YES
ENT
YES
NO
See facing
page
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
YES
NO
YES
NO
S/cm
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
mS/cm
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
S/cm
MEASURE
DISPLAY 1
HOLD
MODE
CAL 2
CAL 1
S/cm
DISPLAY 2
ENT
Parameter setting 5-7
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-8 Parameter setting
YES
NO
NO
ENT
YES
ENT
YES
ENTENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
S/cm
S/cm
>
Note: Range 2 does
not appear when PI
control set on mA2
Range Selection
Options are determined by
Service Code 31
Range values set, return
to commission mode.
The decimal point and unit setting can be changedas
described before in Setpoint Settings.
and ENT keys. Selection of mA output(0-20 / 4-20 mA)
is in Service Code 30.
Choose Range to adjust, then set begin scale (0%) and
end scale (100%) of the mA output signal, using the >,
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-2-4. Hold
HOLD active
last measured
value.
YES
NO
YES NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
SETPOINTS
RANGE
SET HOLD
SERVICE
*
TEMP.
NO
YES NO
YES
NO
YES NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
HOLD deactivated, return
to commissioning menu.
HOLD
YES
HOLD
MEASURE
DISPLAY 1
HOLD
MODE
CAL 2
CAL 1
S/cm
DISPLAY 2
Parameter setting 5-9
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-10 Parameter setting
HOLD
HOLD
HOLDHOLD
HOLD
ENT
HOLD
ENT
ENT
ENT
HOLD values set,
return to commissioning
menu.
ENT
ENT
Set HOLD "fixed value"
for mA2.
YES
Set HOLD "fixed value"
for mA1.
ENT
IM 12D08E02-01E
Parameter setting 5-11
5-2-5. Temperature compensation
1. Why temperature compensation?
The conductivity of a solution is very dependent on temperature. Typically for every 1 °C change in
temperature the solution conductivity will change by approximately 2 %.
The effect of temperature varies from one solution to another and is determined by several factors like
solution composition, concentration and temperature range.
A coefficient (a) is introduced to express the amount of temperature influence in % change in
conductivity/°C.
In almost all applications this temperature influence must be compensated before the conductivity reading can be interpreted as an accurate measure of concentration or purity.
Table 5-1. NaCl-compensation according to IEC 60746-3 with T
TK
00.541.8 601.762.21303.342.2
100.721.9 701.992.21403.562.2
200.902.0 802.222.21503.792.2
251.0--- 902.452.21604.032.2
301.102.01002.682.21704.232.2
401.312.01102.902.21804.422.2
501.532.11203.122.21904.612.2
t
aTK
t
aTK
= 25 °C
ref
t
2004.782.2
a
2. Standard temperature compensation
From the factory the EXA is calibrated with a general temperature compensation function based on a
sodium chloride salt solution. This is suitable for many applications and is compatible with the compensation functions of typical laboratory or portable instruments.
A temperature compensation factor is derived from the following equation:
Kt - K
a =
T - T
ref
ref
x
K
100
ref
In which:
a = Temperature compensation factor
(in %/ °C)
T = Measured temperature (°C)
Kt = Conductivity at T
T
= Reference temperature (°C)
ref
K
= Conductivity at T
ref
ref
3. Manual temperature compensation
If the standard compensation function is found to be inaccurate for the sample to be measured, the converter can be set manually for a linear factor on site to match the application.
The procedure is as follows:
1. Take a representative sample of the process liquid to be measured.
2. Heat or cool this sample to the reference temperature of the converter (usually 25 °C).
3. Measure the conductivity of the sample with the EXA and note the value.
4. Bring the sample to the typical process temperature (to be measured with the EXA).
5. Adjust the display indication to the noted value at the reference temperature
6. Check that the temperature compensation factor has been changed
7. Insert the conductivity cell into the process again.
4. Other possibilities (section 5-3-3)
1. Enter calculated coefficient.
2. Enter matrix temperature compensation.
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-12 Parameter setting
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
SETPOINTS
RANGE
SET HOLD
SERVICE
*
MEASURE
DISPLAY 1
HOLD
MODE
TEMP.
CAL 2
CAL 1
NO
NO
NO
YES NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES NO
YES NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
µ
S / c m
ENT
YES
ENT
µ
S / c m
DISPLAY 2
YES
YES
After briefly displaying*WAIT* it
will be possible to adjust the
display reading to the correct
value using
>, ,ENT
.
After enabling TC it possible to
directly enter the coefficient in
service code 21
Briefly*WAIT*
*
TEMP.1
or
*
TEMP.2
>
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-2-6. Service
M cm
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
ENT
Example: Service Code 01
Select main parameter
for SC
for RES
With the >, ,ENT keys
>
ENT
After changing the parameter,
the instrument first goes into
reset to load the parameter
specific default values.
NO
YES NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
SETPOINTS
RANGE
SET HOLD
SERVICE
*
MODE
TEMP.
YES
NO
YES NO
MEASURE
DISPLAY 1
HOLD
DISPLAY 2
CAL 2
CAL 1
M cm
Parameter setting 5-13
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-14 Parameter setting
5-3. Notes for guidance in the use of service coded settings
Don't set or input service code numbers other than the code numbers defined in this manual. Setting an
undefined service code may make the converter malfunction.
When an undefined service code is input by some accident, push the MODE key and escape from the
service level.
5-3-1. Parameter specific functions
Code 1 *SC.RES Choose the required parameter, either conductivity or resistivity. If the
parameter is changed the instrument will go into reset to load parameter
specific default values, followed by starting measurement. For all other service
codes the instrument will return to commissioning mode after the service code
setting is finished.
Note: For resistivity a fixed display format is used.
Code 3 *CC1 Enter the factory calibrated cell constant mentioned on the nameplate or on the
*CC2 fixed cable. This avoids the need for calibration. Any value between 0.005
and 50.0 /cm may be entered. First choose to set the constant for Cell 1or
Cell 2 (*CC1 or *CC2). The cell constant is set as a combination of a number
in the main display, and a factor in the second line. This gives the necessary
resolution and decimal point placement.
Example: To set 0.00987 cm
-1
first set factor 0.01xC1 in second line then set
number 0.987 in main display.
*NOTE: If the actual cell constant is changed after a calibration or if the
entered cell constant differs from previous value, then the message
“RESET?” will appear on the second line display. After pressing
“YES” the entered value becomes the new nominal and calibrated cell
constant. After pressing “NO” the update procedure of the cell constant
entry is cancelled.
Code 4 *AIR 1 *AIR 1 and *AIR 2 select by the “NO” key
*AIR 2 To eliminate cable influences on the measurement, a “zero” calibration with
a dry sensor may be done. If a connection box (BA10) and extension cable
(WF10) will be used, “zero” calibration should be done including the connection
equipment.
Code 5 *POL.CK The EXA DC402G has a polarisation check capable of monitoring the signal
from the cell for distortion of capacitive or polarisation errors. If there is a
problem with the installation or the cell becomes fouled, this will trigger E1.
For some application this error detecting can cause unwanted signals during
operation. Therefore this code offers the possibility to disable/enable this
check.
5-3-2. Temperature measuring functions
Code 10 *T.SENS Selection of the temperature compensation sensor. The default selection is
the Pt1000 Ohm sensor, which gives excellent precision with the two wire
connections used. The other options give the flexibility to use a very wide
range of other conductivity/resistivity sensors.
Note: The temperature sensor for both conductivity cells must be the same.
Code 11 *T.UNIT Celsius or Fahrenheit temperature scales can be selected to suit user
preference.
IM 12D08E02-01E
Parameter setting 5-15
Code 12 *T.ADJ 1 First select sensor 1 or sensor 2 for temperature adjustment (*T.ADJ 1 or *T. ADJ
2)
.
With the process temperature sensor at a stable known temperature, the
temperature reading is adjusted in the main display to correspond.
The calibration is a zero adjustment to allow for the cable resistance, which will
obviously vary with length.
*T.ADJ 2 The normal method is to immerse the sensor in a vessel with water in it,
measure the temperature with an accurate thermometer, and adjust the reading
for agreement.
Code Display Function Function detail X Y Z Default values
Parameter specific functions
01 *SC.RES Select main parameter Conductivity 0 0 Cond.
Resistivity 1
02 Not used
03 *CC1/ Set cell constant Press NO to step through choice of 0.100 cm
*CC2
0.10xC 0.10xC
1.00xC
10.0xC
100.xC
0.01xC
Press YES to select a factor
04 *AIR 1/*AIR 2 Zero calibration Zero calibration with dry cell connected
*START Press YES to confirm selection
*”WAIT”
*END “WAIT”, *END will be displayed
Press YES to complete
05 *POL.CK Polarization check Polarization check off 0
Polarization check on 1 1 On
06-09 Not used
multiplying factors on the second display.
Use >, ^, ENT keys to adjust MAIN digits
Press YES to start, after briefly displaying
1.000
-1
Code Display Function Function detail X Y Z Default values
Temperature measuring functions
10 *T.SENS Temperature sensor Pt1000 0 0 Pt1000
Ni100 1
PB36 2
Pt100 3
8k55 4
11 *T.UNIT Display in °C or °F °C 0 0 °C
°F 1
12 *T.ADJ 1 Calibrate temperature Adjust reading to allow for cable None
*T.ADJ 2 resistance.
Use >, ^ , ENT keys to adjust value
13-19 Not used
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-16 Parameter setting
5-3-3. Temperature compensation functions
Code 20 *T.R.°C Choose a temperature to which the measured conductivity (or resistivity) value
must be compensated to. Normally 25°C is used, therefore this temperature is
chosen as default value. Limitations for this setting are: 0 to 100 °C.
If *T.UNIT in code 11 is set to °F, default value is 77°F and the limitations are
32 - 212°F.
Code 21 *T.C.1/T.C.2 In addition to the procedure described in section 5-2-5 it is possible to adjust
the compensation factor directly. If the compensation factor of the sample liquid
is known from laboratory experiments or has been previously determined, it
can be introduced here, for sensor 1 and/or sensor 2.
Adjust the value between 0.00 to 3.50 % per °C. In combination with reference
temperature setting in code 20 a linear compensation function is obtained,
suitable when enabled as in section 5-2-6 the matrix may be selected for each
sensor input for all kinds of chemical solutions.
Code 22 *MATRX The EXA is equipped with a matrix type algorithm for both inputs, accurate
temperature compensation in various applications. Select the range as close
as possible to the actual temperature/concentration range. The EXA will
compensate by interpolation and extrapolation. Consequently, there is no need
for a 100% coverage.
If 9 is selected the temperature compensation range for the adjustable matrix
must be configured in code 23. Next the specific conductivity values at the
different temperatures must be entered in codes 24 to 28. See section 5-2-6 for
how to enable MATRIX compensation.
Code 23 *T1, *T2, *T3, Set the matrix compensation range. It is not necessary to enter equal
*T4 & *T5 °C temperature steps, but the values should increase from T1 to T5, otherwise
the entry will be rejected. Example: 0, 10, 30, 60 and 100 °C are valid values
for the T1....T5. The minimum span for the range (T5 - T1) is 25 °C.
Code 24-28 *L1xT1 - In t
hese access codes the specific conductivity values can be entered
for
*L5xT5 5 different concentrations of the process liquid; each one in one specific access
code (24 to 28). The table below shows a matrix entering example for 1 - 15%
NaOH solution for a temperature range from 0 - 100 °C.
Notes:
1. In chapter 10 a table is included to record your programmed values. It will make programming easy
for duplicate systems or in case of data loss.
2. Each matrix column has to increase in conductivity value.
3. Error code E4 occurs when two standard solutions have identical conductivity values at the same
temperature within the temperature range.
Table 5-2. Example of user adjustable matrix
Matrix Example Example Example Example Example
Code 23 Temperature T1...T5 0 °C 25 °C 50 °C 75 °C 100 °C
Code Display Function Function detail X Y Z Default values
Temperature compensation functions
20 *T.R.°C Set reference temp. Use >, ^, ENT keys to set value 25 °C
21 *T.C.1 Set temp. coef. 1 Adjust compensation factor for mA1 2.1 %
output, if set to TC in section 5-2-5. per °C
Set value with >, ^, ENT keys
*T.C.2 Set temp. coef. 2 Adjust compensation factor for mA2 2.1 %
output, if set to TC in section 5-2-5. per °C
Set value with >, ^, ENT keys
22 *MATRX Select matrix Choose matrix if set to matrix comp.
X= Sensor 1 in section 5-2-5, using >, ^, ENT keys
Y= Sensor 2 Matrix selected in section 5-2-6
HCl (cation) pure water (0-80 °C) 1 1
Ammonia pure water (0-80 °C) 2 2
Morpholine pure water (0-80 °C) 3 3
HCl (0-5 %, 0-60 °C) 4 4
NaOH (0-5 %, 0-100 °C) 5 5
User programmable matrix 9 9
23 *T1 °C (°F) Set temp. range Enter 1st (lowest) matrix temp. value
*T2.. Enter 2nd matrix temp. value
*T3.. Enter 3rd matrix temp. value
*T4.. Enter 4th matrix temp. value
*T5.. Enter 5th (highest) matrix temp. value
24 *L1xT1 Enter conductivity Value for T1
*L1xT2 values for lowest Value for T2
.... concentration
*L1xT5 Value for T5
25 *L2xT1 Concentration 2 Similar to code 24
26 *L3xT1 Concentration 3 Similar to code 24
27 *L4xT1 Concentration 4 Similar to code 24
28 *L5xT1 Concentration 5 Similar to code 24
29 Not used
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-18 Parameter setting
5-3-4. mA output functions
Code 30 *mA Select 4-20mA or 0-20mA according to associated equipment (recorders,
controllers etc.)
Code 31 *OUTP.F Note: For resistivity measurement, read resistivity in stead of conductivity.
Output mA1 Conductivity linear
(terminals 61&62) Conductivity with 21 point output table. (The table can be configured to
give an output linear to concentration, see example at the end of this
page).
Output mA2 Conductivity linear
(terminals 65&66) Conductivity with 21 point output table.
Temperature linear
PI control on conductivity (analog output control signal with proportional
and integral functions).
Direct or reverse action of the mA control output. Direct gives rising output with
rising measurement. Reverse gives falling output with rising measurement.
Code 32 *BURN Diagnostic error messages can signal a problem by sending the output signals
upscale or downscale (22mA or 0/3.5mA). This is called upscale or downscale
burnout, from the analogy with thermocouple failure signalling of a burned-out
or open circuit sensor. In the case of the EXA the diagnostics are extensive
and cover the whole range of possible sensor faults.
Code 33 *RG.mA1(2) This function sets the proportional range for the mA output control signal. The
range setting is expressed in % of setpoint.
Code 34 *tI.mA1(2) This function sets the integral time for the mA output control signal
Code 35-36 *TABL1(2) The table function allows the configuration of an output curve by 21 steps
(intervals of 5%)
The following example shows how the table may be configured to linearize
the output with a W/W% curve. On the next page some other possibilities are
shown.
Code 37 *DAMP Transmission signal damping (not mA control output).
bi-lin = bi-lineair over 2 decades
log 2 = logarithmic over 2 decades
log 3 = logarithmic over 3 decades
hyp 2 = hyperbolic over 2 decades
hyp 3 = hyperbolic over 3 decades
NOTE: Multiply the values from the table with appropriate
factors to get the end-scale value you want.
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-20 Parameter setting
5-3-5. Contact outputs
Code 40 *S1, *S2 Process relays can be set for a variety of alarm and control function.
41, 42 *S3, *S4
and 43 Digit “X” sets the type of trigger:
Off means that the relay is not active
Low setpoint means that the relay is triggered by a decreasing measurement.
High setpoint means that the relay is triggered by an increasing measurement
“HOLD” active means that there is maintenance activity in progress so the
measurement is not live.
For *S4 There is the extra possibility to set up for “FAIL” indication.
Digit “Y” sets the control action:
Process alarm is a simple On/Off trip controlled by the high/low setpoint.
Proportional duty cycle control has a pulse width modulation for proportional
dosing with solenoid valves.
Proportional frequency control is used for controlling electrically positioned
valves.
Temperature alarm is an On/Off trip on the measured temperature.
Digit “Z” sets the control parameter:
Alarm on main process
Control on main process
(Main process means conductivity/resistivity depending on the setting of
service code 01).
Code Display Function Function detail X Y Z Default values
Contacts
40 *S1 Relay 1 settings Off 0 2.0.1
Low setpoint 1
High setpoint 2 High
Note: Main process “HOLD” active 3
means cond. or resist. Process alarm 0 Alarm
whichever is set in Proportional duty cycle control ** 1
code #1 Proportional frequency control ** 2
PI duty cycle ** 3
PI pulse freq. ** 4
USP contact 5
Calculated value 0
Meas cond/res. value cell 1 1 Cell 1
Meas cond/res. value cell 2 2
Meas temp. value cell 1 3
Meas temp. value cell 2 4
Meas temp. T1-T2 5
41 *S2 Relay 2 settings Off 0 1.0.1
Low setpoint 1 Low
High setpoint 2
Note: “HOLD” active “HOLD” active 3
relay contact is used Process alarm 0 Alarm
to indicate when the Proportional duty cycle control 1
measuring mode is Proportional frequency control 2
interrupted PI duty cycle ** 3
PI pulse freq. ** 4
USP contact 5
IM 12D08E02-01E
Parameter setting 5-21
Code Display Function Function detail X Y Z Default values
Contacts
Contin. Calculated value 0
41 Meas cond/res. value cell 1 1 Cell 1
Meas cond/res. value cell 2 2
Meas temp. value cell 1 3
Meas temp. value cell 2 4
Meas temp. T1-T2 5
42 *S3 Relay 3 settings Off 0 0.0.0 Off
Low setpoint 1
High setpoint 2
“HOLD” active 3
Process alarm 0
Proportional duty cycle control 1
Proportional frequency control 2
PI duty cycle ** 3
PI pulse freq.** 4
USP contact 5
Calculated value 0
Meas cond/res. value cell 1 1
Meas cond/res. value cell 2 2
Meas temp. value cell 1 3
Meas temp. value cell 2 4
Meas temp. T1-T2 5
43 *S4 Relay 4 settings Off 0 4.0.0
Low setpoint 1
High setpoint 2
“HOLD” active 3
Note: “FAIL” relay Fail alarm 4 FAIL
contact is used to Process alarm 0 Alarm
indicate when the Proportional duty cycle control 1
diagnostics detect a Proportional frequency control 2
problem PI duty cycle ** 3
PI pulse freq.** 4
USP contact 5
Calculated value 0
Meas cond/res. value cell 1 1
Meas cond/res. value cell 2 2
Meas temp. value cell 1 3
Meas temp. value cell 2 4
Meas temp. T1-T2 5
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-22 Parameter setting
Code 44 *D.TIME The delay time sets the minimum relay switching time. This function can be
adjusted to give a good alarm function in a noisy process, preventing the
relay from “chattering” or repeatedly switching when the signal is close to the
setpoint.
*SC.HYS The hysteresis is the value beyond the setpoint that the measured value must
exceed before the control function will start working. For conductivity this
setting is expressed in % of programmed setpoint value.
*T.HYST
*C.HYST
Code 45 *RANGE Proportional range is the value above (or below) the setpoint that generates full
output in proportional control. This is expressed in % of the programmed output
span.
*PER. The time period of the overall pulse control cycle (one ON and one OFF
period). See fig 5-4.
*FREQ. The maximum frequency for the pulse frequency control. See fig 5-5.
Code 46 *tI.CNT The integral time for the PI control settings.
Code 47 *EXPIR When a system is set up to control on the relay outputs, the expiry time can be
enabled to warn of an ineffective control. In other words, when the setpoint is
exceeded for more than 15 minutes an error message is generated. This can
mean, for example, that the reagent tank is empty.
*tE.min
Code 48 *SC1 For proportional or PI control on the conductivity level, a working range *SC1
must be set. When *SC1 is set as an output on mA1 and *SC2 is set as an
output on mA2, code 48 has no relevance. When using mA1 as mA2 for
calculated values or temperature etc. the range for control setting of the relays
should be done in code 48. After activating code 48 *SC1 is displayed. Press
YES to set range *SC1 or NO to go to *SC2.
IM 12D08E02-01E
Parameter setting 5-23
Code Display Function Function detail X Y Z Default values
Contacts (continued)
44 *D.TIME Delay time Minimum relay switching time 0.2 sec.
*SC.HYS Process hysteresis Minimum change of process value 2.0 %
for relay reset after switching
*T.HYST Hysteresis temp. Minimum temperature change for relay 1 °C
reset after switching (fig. 5-3)
*C.HYST Calculation hysteresis 0
45 *RANGE Proportional range When proportional control selected 10.0 %
in code 40, 41, 42 or 43
*PER. Duty cycle period Pulse control On time + Off time (fig. 5-4) 10 sec.
*FREQ. Maximum frequency 100% value for frequency control (fig. 5-5) 70 p/m
46 *tI.CNT Integral time Integral time for relay controls when 100 sec.
PI is set
47 *EXPIR Expiry time Warning of ineffective control action On 1 0 Off
Warning of ineffective control action Off 0
*tE.min Set expiry time Set expiring time using >, ^, ENT keys 15 min
48 *SC1 Set control range Set range for *SC1 (*SC2) for proportional
contact control when *SC1 (*SC2) are not
used on mA1 (mA2)
0% Set begin scale Use >,^, ENT keys to set value
*100% Set end scale Use >, ^ ENT keys to set value
49 Not used
Cond./Resist.
Fig. 5-3.
% duty cycle control
100
50
0
Setpoint
Setpoint
Proportional
range
LED off
SC
% of output range
Hys.
LED on
Delay timeDelay time
90%
50%
10%
t
of f
Time
90%
50%
t
on
%
10
Pulse period
LED off
t (sec)
% controller output
100
50
0
Setpoint
Proportional
range
Maximum pulse frequency
s
0.3
50 % pulse frequency
SC
% of output range
No pulses
Time
Fig. 5-4. Duty cycle control
Fig. 5-5. Pulse frequency control
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-24 Parameter setting
5-3-6. User interface
Code 50 *RET. When Auto return is enabled, the converter reverts to the measuring mode
from anywhere in the configuration menus, when no button is pressed during
the set time interval of 10 minutes.
Code 51 *MODE The adjustment of the contact setpoints can be setup for operation in the
maintenance mode. (Through the closed front cover).
Code 52 *PASS Passcodes can be set on any or all of the access levels, to restrict access to
the instrument configuration.
Code 53 *Err01 Error message configuration. Two different types of failure mode can be set.
Hard fail gives a steady FAIL flag in the display, and a continuous contact
closure. All the other contacts (controls) are inhibited (except HOLD contacts),
and a Fail signal is transmitted on the outputs when enabled in code 32.
Soft fail gives a flashing FAIL flag in the display, and the relay contacts are
pulsed. The other contacts (controls) are still functional, and the controller
continues to work normally. The call for maintenance is a good example of
where a SOFT fail is useful.
*SOFT If set to 1, soft fail gives a flashing FAIL flag in the display and no pulsing
contact.
Code 54 *E5.LIM Limits can be set for shorted and open measurement. Dependent on the main
*E6.LIM parameter chosen in code 01, the EXA will ask for the absolute conductivity/
resistivity (without influence of absolute cell constant or Temp. comp).
Code 55 *% For some applications the measured parameter values may be (more or less)
linear to concentration. For such applications it is not needed to enter an output
table, but 0 and 100% concentration values directly can be set.
Code 56 *DISP The display resolution is default set to autoranging for conductivity reading. If
a fixed display reading is needed, a choice can be made out of 7 possibilities.
For resistivity the default reading is fixed to xx.xx MΩ·cm.
Code 57 *USP Input 1 and/or Input 2 can be set to give automatic checking for compliance
with the water purity standard set in USP <645> (United States Pharmacopea
directive 23). For more detailed description see Appendix 10-8.
Code 58 *CALC A calculation type can be chosen to suit a variety of applications. See appendix
10-9 for more details. For conductivity a choice can be made from 7 options.
For
Resistivity only “differential” or “no calculation” is possible.
IM 12D08E02-01E
Parameter setting 5-25
Code Display Function Function detail X Y Z Default values
User interface
50 *RET Auto return Auto return to measuring mode Off 0
Auto return to measuring mode On 1 1 On
51 *MODE Mode setup Setpoints in maintenance mode Off 0 0 Off
Setpoints in maintenance mode On 1
52 *PASS Passcode Maintenance passcode Off 0 0.0.0 Off
Note # = 0 - 9, where Maintenance passcode On #
0 = no passcode Commissioning passcode Off 0 Off
1=111, 2=333, 3=777 Commissioning passcode On #
4=888, 5=123, 6=957 Service passcode Off 0 Off
7=331, 8=546, 9=847 Service passcode On #
53 *Err. 1. 1(2) Error setting Polarisation too high Soft fail 0
Polarisation too high Hard fail 1 1 Hard
*Err. 5. 1(2) Shorted measurement Soft fail 0
Shorted measurement Hard fail 1 1 Hard
*Err. 6. 1(2) Open measurement Soft fail 0
Open measurement Hard fail 1 1 Hard
*Err. 7. 1(2) Temperature sensor open Soft fail 0
54 *E5.LIM 1(2) E5 limit setting Maximum conductivity value 25 mS
(Minimum resistivity value) 0.04 kΩ
*E6.LIM 1(2) E6 limit setting Minimum conductivity value 1 µS
(Maximum resistivity value) 1 MΩ
55 *% Display mA in w/w% mA1-range displayed in w/w% off 0 0.0 Off
mA1-range displayed in w/w% on 1
mA2-range displayed in w/w% off 0 Off
mA2-range displayed in w/w% on 1
*%1 Set w/w% for range 1 Press YES to access 0% value adjustm.
*0% Set 0% output value in w/w%
*100% Set 100% output value in w/w%
*%2 Set w/w% for range 2 Press YES to access 0% value adjustm.
*0% Set 0% output value in w/w%
*100% Set 100% output value in w/w%
56 *DISP Display resolution Auto ranging display 0 0 Auto
Display fixed to X.XXX µS/cm or MΩ•cm 1 Display fixed to XX.XX µS/cm or MΩ•cm 2 Display fixed to XXX.X µS/cm or MΩ•cm 3Display fixed to X.XXX mS/cm or kΩ•cm 4Display fixed to XX.XX mS/cm or kΩ•cm 5Display fixed to XXX.X mS/cm or kΩ•cm 6
Display fixed to XXXX mS/cm or kΩ•cm 7
57 *USP USP setting Disable the E13 (USP limit passed) 0 0 0.0 Off/Off
X=Cell 1 Y= Cell 2 Enable the E13 (USP limit passed) 1 1
58 *CALC Calculation setting Choose the main parameter for display
Ratio (a/b) 0 5 No calc.Differential (a-b) 1
% passage b/a 2
% rejection (100 (a-b)/a) 3
Deviation (100 X (b-a)/a) 4
No calculation SC1 in display 5
VGB directive 450L, pH calculation 6
When set for resistivity measuring, only
selection 1 and 5 are available
IM 12D08E02-01E
5-26 Parameter setting
5-3-7. Communication setup
Code 61 *HOUR The clock/calendar for the logbook is set for current date and time as
reference.
*MINUT
*SECND
*YEAR
*MONTH
*DAY
5-3-8. General
Code 70 *LOAD The load defaults code allows the instrument to be returned to the default set
up with a single operation. This can be useful when wanting to change from
one application to another.
5-3-9. Test and setup mode
Code 80 *TEST Not used
Note: attempting to change data in this service code, or others in the series 80 and above without
the proper instructions and equipment, can result in corruption of the instrument setup, and will
impair the performance of the unit.
IM 12D08E02-01E
Parameter setting 5-27
Code Display Function Function detail X Y Z Default values
Communication
61 *HOUR Clock setup Adjust to current date and time using
*MINUT >, ^ and ENT keys
*SECND
*YEAR
*MONTH
*DAY
63-69 Not used
Code Display Function Function detail X Y Z Default values
General
70 *LOAD Load defaults Reset configuration to default values
71-79 Not used
Code Display Function Function detail X Y Z Default values
Test and setup mode
80 *TEST Test and setup Not used
IM 12D08E02-01E
Calibration 6-1
6. CALIBRATION
6-1 When is calibration necessary?
Calibration of conductivity/resistivity instruments is normally not required, since Yokogawa delivers a
wide range of sensors, which are factory calibrated traceable to NIST standards. The cell constant
values are normally indicated on the top of the sensor or on the integral cable. These values can be
entered directly in service code 03 (section 5-3-1).
If the cell has been subjected to abrasion (erosion or coating) calibration may be necessary. In the next
section two examples are given. Alternatively calibration may be carried out with a simulator to check the
electronics only.
NOTE:
During calibration the temperature compensation is still active. This means that the readings are
referred to the reference temperature as chosen in service code 20 (section 5-3-3, default 25 °C).
Calibration is normally carried out by measuring a solution with a known conductivity value at a known
temperature. The measured value is adjusted in the calibration mode. On the next pages the handling
sequence for this action is visualized.
Calibration solutions can be made up in a laboratory. An amount of salt is dissolved in water to give
a precise concentration with the temperature stabilized to the adjusted reference temperature of the
instrument (default 25 °C). The conductivity of the solution is taken from literature tables or the table on
this page.
Alternatively the instrument may be calibrated in an unspecified solution against a standard instrument.
Care should be taken to make a measurement at the reference temperature since differences in the type
of temperature compensation of the instrument may cause an error.
NOTE:
The standard instrument used as a reference must be accurate and based on an identical
temperature compensation algorithm. Therefore the Model SC72 Personal Conductivity Meter of
Yokogawa is recommended.
Typical calibration solutions.
The table shows some typical conductivity values for sodium-chloride (NaCl) solutions which can be
made up in a laboratory.
Table 6-1. NaCl values at 25 °C
Weight % mg/kg Conductivity
0.001 10 21.4 µS/cm
0.003 30 64.0 µS/cm
0.005 50 106 µS/cm
0.01 100 210 µS/cm
0.03 300 617 µS/cm
0.05 500 1.03 mS/cm
0.1 1000 1.99 mS/cm
0.3 3000 5.69 mS/cm
0.5 5000 9.48 mS/cm
1 10000 17.6 mS/cm
3 30000 48.6 mS/cm
5 50000 81.0 mS/cm
10 100000 140 mS/cm
NOTE:
For resistivity measurement the standard
resistivity units of the calibration solution can
be calculated as follows:
R = 1000/G (kΩ•cm if G = µS/cm)
Example:
0.001% weight
R = 1000/21.4 = 46.7 kΩ•cm
IM 12D08E02-01E
6-2 Calibration
ENT
M Ω.cm
ENT
M Ω.cm
>
Select the flashing digit with the > key.
Increase its value by pressing the key
>
Set the value
using the >, , ENT key.
NOYES
M Ω.cm
NOYES
M Ω.cm
Put the sensor in standard
solution. Press YES.
When the correct value is displayed,
press ENT to enter the change.
After briefing displaying WAIT,
the CAL.END message appears.
The calibration is now complete. Put the
sensor back in the process and press
YES to return to the measuring mode.
ENT
M Ω.cm
M Ω.cm
YES
NO
YES
M Ω.cm
NO
NOMODEYES
ENT
YOKOGAWA
MODE
CONTACTS
S1
S2
S3
FAIL/S4
M Ω.cm
CAL 2
CAL 1
MEASURE
DISPLAY 1
HOLD
DISPLAY 2
Press the MODE key.
The legend CAL.1/CAL.2
appears, and the YES/NO
key prompt flags flash.
If the SETP legend
appears, press NO first.
MODE
Note: See section 4-5 for full
display access details
6-2. Calibration procedure
IM 12D08E02-01E
6-3. Calibration with HOLD active
mS/cm
HOLD
mS/cm
ENT
HOLD
mS/cm
ENT
HOLD
>
Select the flashing digit with the > key.
Increase its value by pressing the key
>
Set the value
using the >, , ENT key.
mS/cm
NOYES
HOLD
YES
mS/cm
NOYES
HOLD
Put the sensor in standard
solution. Press YES.
When the correct value is displayed,
press ENT to enter the change.
After briefing displaying WAIT,
the CAL.END message appears.
The calibration is now complete. Put the
sensor back in the process and press YES.
mS/cm
NOYES
HOLD
HOLD will be displayed. Press NO to turn off
HOLD and return to the measuring mode.
mS/cm
NO
YES
HOLD
mS/cm
NOYES
NO
HOLD
NOMODEYES
ENT
YOKOGAWA
MODE
CONTACTS
S1
S2
S3
FAIL/S4
mS/cm
Press the MODE key.
The legend CAL.1/CAL.2
appears, and the YES/NO
key prompt flags flash.
If the SETP legend
appears, press NO first.
MODE
MEASURE
DISPLAY 1
HOLD
DISPLAY 2
CAL 2
CAL 1
Note: See section 4-5 for full
display access function
Calibration 6-3
IM 12D08E02-01E
Maintenance 7-1
7. MAINTENANCE
7-1. Periodic maintenance for the EXA 402 converter
The EXA converter requires very little periodic maintenance. The housing is sealed to IP65 (NEMA 4X)
standards, and remains closed in normal operation. Users are required only to make sure the front win-
dow is kept clean in order to permit a clear view of the display and allow proper operation of the pushbuttons. If the window becomes soiled, clean it using a soft damp cloth or soft tissue. To deal with more
stubborn stains, a neutral detergent may be used.
NOTE:
Never used harsh chemicals or solvents. In the event that the window becomes heavily stained or
scratched, refer to the parts list (Chapter 9) for replacement part numbers.
When you must open the front cover and/or glands, make sure that the seals are clean and correctly fit-
ted when the unit is reassembled in order to maintain the housing’s weatherproof integrity against water
and water vapor. The measurement otherwise may be prone to problems caused by exposure of the
circuitry to condensation.
The EXA instrument contains a lithium cell to support the clock function when the power is switched
off. This cell needs to be replaced at 5 yearly intervals (or when discharged). Contact your nearest
Yokogawa service centre for spare parts and instructions.
7-2. Periodic maintenance of the sensor
NOTE:
Maintenance advice listed here is intentionally general in nature. Sensor maintenance is highly
application specific.
In general conductivity/resistivity measurements do not need much periodic maintenance. If the EXA
indicates an error in the measurement or in the calibration, some action may be needed (ref. chapter
8 trouble shooting). In case the sensor has become fouled an insulating layer may be formed on the
surface of the electrodes and consequently, an apparent increase in cell constant may occur, giving a
measuring error. This error is:
2 x
Rv
R
cel
x 100 %
where:
Rv = the resistance of the fouling layer
Rcel = the cell resistance
NOTE:
Resistance due to fouling or to polarization does not effect the accuracy and operation of a 4-
electrode conductivity measuring system.
If an apparent increase in cell constant occurs cleaning the cell will restore accurate
measurement.
Cleaning methods
1. For normal applications hot water with domestic washing-up liquid added will be effective.
2. For lime, hydroxides, etc., a 5 ...10% solution of hydrochloric acid is recommended.
3. Organic foulings (oils, fats, etc.) can be easily removed with acetone.
4. For algae, bacteria or moulds, use a chlorous solution (bleaching liquid*).
* Never use hydrochloric acid and bleaching liquid simultaneously. The very poisonous gas chlorine will
result.
IM 12D08E02-01E
Maintenance 7-2
DANGER
7-3. Fuse Replacement
This section describes how to replace the power supply fuse.
• Use only a fuse of the specified current, voltage and type ratings to prevent fire.
• Power to the instrument must be turned off at the external breaker before replacing the fuse. After
replacing the fuse, install a high-voltage shield plate before turning the power on.
• Do not short circuit the fuse holder.
Specified Ratings of the Power Supply Fuse
The power supply fuse (recommended fuse) used in the DC402G is as follows.
• 115 V AC version
Maximum rated voltage: 250 V
Maximum rated current: 200 mA
Compliance: UL, CSA, VDE, Japan’s Electrical Appliance and material Safety Law
Part number: A1105EF
• 230 V AC version
Maximum rated voltage: 250 V
Maximum rated current: 100 mA
Compliance: UL, CSA, VDE, Japan’s Electrical Appliance and material Safety Law
Part number: A1103EF
How to replace the fuse
1) Before replacing the fuse, turn off power to the instrument at the external breaker.
2) Remove the instrument cover and the high-voltage shield plate.
3) Remove the cover from the fuse holder by pulling out by hand.
4) Remove the fuse and install a new, recommended or equivalent fuse on the holder.
5) Put the fuse cover back on the holder securely.
6) Install the high-voltage shield plate.
It is recommended that the fuse be replaced every two years even if it has not blown.
Fuse Cover
Fuse Holder
Shield Plate
Figure 7-1. How to replace the fuse
IM 12D08E02-01E
Troubleshooting 8-1
8. TROUBLESHOOTING
The EXA DC402G is a microprocessor-based analyzer that performs continuous self-diagnostics to verify
that it is working correctly. Error messages resulting from faults in the microprocessor systems itself are
few. Incorrect programming by the user can be corrected according to the limits set in the following text.
In addition, the EXA DC402G also checks the sensor to establish whether it is still functioning within
specified limits.
The EXA DC402G makes a distinction among diagnostic findings. All errors are signaled by the FAIL
area in the display. Only faults in the measuring circuits activate the FAIL contact switching.
What follows is a brief outline of some of the EXA DC402G troubleshooting procedures, followed by a
detailed table of error codes with possible causes and remedies.
8-1. Diagnostics
8-1-1. Off-line checks
The EXA DC402G converter incorporates a diagnostic check of the adjusted cell constant value at calibration. If the adjusted value stays within 80 - 120 % of the nominal value set in service code 03,
it is accepted. Otherwise, the unit generates an error (E3).
The EXA also checks the temperature compensation factor while performing manual temperature com-
pensation as described in section 5.2.5. If the the TC factor stays within 0.00% to 3.50% per °C,
it is accepted. Otherwise, E2 will be displayed.
8-1-2. On-line checks
The EXA performs several on-line checks to optimize the measurement and to indicate a fault due to
the fouling or polarization of the connected sensor. The fault will be indicated by the activation of the
FAIL-contact, the lighting of the LED and the flag in the display.
During measurement the EXA adjusts the measuring frequency to give the best conditions for the actual
value being measured. At low conductivity there is a risk of error due to the capacitive effects of the
cable and the cell. These are reduced by using a low measuring frequency. At high conductivity the
capacitive effects become negligible and errors are more likely to be caused by polarisation or fouling of
the cell. These errors are decreased by increasing the measuring frequency.
At all values the EXA checks the signal from the cell to search for distortion which is typical of capacitive
or polarisation errors. If the difference between pulse front and pulse rear is > 20% an error E1 will be
displayed and the FAIL alarm will be activated. In service code 05 it is possible to turn this check on and
off.
IM 12D08E02-01E
8-2 Troubleshooting
The following error message table gives a list of possible problems that can be indicated by the EXA.
Table 8-1. Error Codes
Code Error description Possible cause Suggested remedy
E1 Polarization detected on cell Sensor surface fouled Clean sensor and calibrate
Conductivity too high Replace sensor
E2 Temperature coefficient out of limits Incorrect field calibration of TC Re-adjust
(exceeds 0-3.5%/°C range) Set calculated TC
E3 Calibration out of limits Calibrated value differs more than Check for correct sensor
+/- 20 % of nominal value programmed Check for correct unit (µS/cm,
in code 03. mS/cm, kΩ•cm or MΩ•cm)
Repeat calibration
E4 Matrix compensation error Wrong data entered in 5x5 matrix Re-program
E5 Conductivity too high or resistivity too low Incorrect wiring Check wiring (3-6)
(Limits set in service code 54) Internal leakage of sensor Replace sensor
Defective cable Replace cable
E6 Conductivity too low or resistivity too high Dry sensor Immerse sensor
(Limits set in service code 54) Incorrect wiring Check wiring (3-6)
Defective cable Replace cable
E7 Temperature sensor open Process temperature too high or too low Check process
(Pt1000 : T > 250°C or 500°F) Wrong sensor programmed Check model code sensor
(Pt100/Ni100 : T > 200°C or 400°F) Incorrect wiring Check connections and cable
(8k55 : T < -10°C or 10°F)
(PB36 : T < -20°C or 0°F)
E8 Temperature sensor shorted Process temperature too high or too low Check process
(Pt1000/Pt100/Ni100 : T < -20°C or 0°F) Wrong sensor programmed Check model code sensor
(8k55/PB36 : T > 120°C or 250°F) Incorrect wiring Check connections and cable
E9 Air set impossible Too high zero due to cable capacitance Replace cable
E10 EEPROM write failure Fault in electronics Try again, if unsuccessful con-
tact Yokogawa
E13 USP Limit exceeded Poor water quality Check-ion exchangers
E15 Cable resistance influence to temperature Cable resistance too high Check cable
exceeds +/- 15°C Corroded contacts Clean and reterminate
Wrong sensor programmed Reprogram
E17 Output span too small Incorrect configuration by user Reprogram
E18 Table values make no sense Wrong data programmed Reprogram
E19 Programmed values outside acceptable limits Incorrect configuration by user Reprogram
E20 All programmed data lost Fault in electronics Contact Yokogawa
Very severe interference
E21 Checksum error Software problem Contact Yokogawa
E22 Alarm activation time exceeded Process control not effective Check control equipment
within set time Adjust value in code 47
E24 Calculation out of limits Incorrect configuration Check settings
The inputs of the EXA transmitter are freely programmable for ease of installation. Standard 2-electrode
type sensors with a cell constant of 0.100/cm and a Pt1000 temperature sensor, need no special programming. The EXA indicates a fault with a signal in the display field if there is a mismatch of sensors in
the connection.
10-4-2. Sensor selection
The EXA DC402G is pre/programmed to accept standard 2-electrode sensors with a Pt1000 temperature
sensor. The EXA is universally compatible with all 2- and 4-electrode type of sensors with a cell constant
within the range of 0.008/cm to 50.0/cm.
10-4-3. Selecting a temperature sensor
The EXA DC402G reaches its highest accuracy when used with a PT1000 temperature sensor. This
may influence the choice of the conductivity/resistivity sensor, as in most cases the temperature sensor
is integrated in the conductivity/resistivity sensor.
10-5. Setup for other functions
● Contact Outputs
Alarms, trips and proportional control are all possible with the relay outputs, and the configuration is
by Service codes 40 - 49. In addition, FAIL alarm is available.
● Current Outputs
Transmission signals for the measured parameters and control signals can be set up in service codes
30 - 39.
● Diagnostic checks
Polarization check and checks on the calibrated cell constant and the adjusted Temperature
Coefficient, are included in the EXA DC402G.
Note:
On the next page a reference list for the configuration of the DC402G is shown.
temperature sensor Pt1000 Ni100, PB36, Pt100, 8k55 code 10
cell constant 0.100/cm from 0.008/cm up to 50.0/cm code 03
Special Features
temperature calibration none adjustment +/- 15 °C code 12
zero calibration none adjustment -1 µS/cm code 04
temp. comp.
code 20 - 28
HOLD during maintenance disabled hold last or hold fix “Hold”
contact during HOLD disabled possible on S1,S2 or S3 code 40- 42
soft fail alarm disabled possible for E1, E5...E13, E22 code 53
acc to NaCl tables IEC 60746-3
NaCl, manual TC, matrix “temp.”,
IM 12D08E02-01E
Appendix 10-7
10-8. USP <645> Water Purity Monitoring
What is USP?
USP stands for United States Pharmacopeia and it is responsible for issuing guidelines for the pharmaceutical industry. Implementing these guidelines is highly recommended for companies wishing to mar-
ket drugs in the US. This means that USP is important for pharmaceutical companies worldwide. This
new USP, aims at the replacement of 5 antiquated laboratory tests by simple conductivity analysis.
How have we accomplished this in DC402G?
1. In Software Rev. 1.1, (and later versions) we have defined an Error Code: E13. This is independent
of what range the customer is measuring or what temperature compensation method he is using for
water quality monitoring. When the display shows E13, then the water quality exceeds the USP limits,
and the FAIL contact closes to signal that the system needs urgent attention.
2. We have introduced uncompensated conductivity in the DISPLAY menu. In the LCD display the user
can read the temperature and the raw conductivity to compare his water quality with the USP table.
3. We have added a USP function to the contact allocation. All 4 contacts can be selected as USP
alarms. The contact closes when the USP limit is approached. It is possible to adjust a safety margin
for the water quality. For example, if the temperature is 64 °C. and the safety margin is adjusted for
20%, then the contact closes at 0.8 x 2.2 µS/cm. = 1.76 µS/cm. (2.2µS/cm is the USP limit at 64°C).
4. We have kept all the EXA functionality: It is even possible to have the mA Output and Display read-
ings in resistivity units. Most users will have very good water quality and in the resistivity mode they
will have better resolution on the recorder or DCS. The readings are simply the reciprocal values of
the conductivity values. In the example mentioned above the contact will close at an uncompensated
resistivity of 1/1.76 µS/cm. = 0.568 MΩ
•cm.
IM 12D08E02-01E
10-8 Appendix
Conductivity limit as a
μS/cm
Setting up DC402G for USP
First enable USP in service code 57. Change
the setting from 0 (default) to 1 (enabled).
This activates uncompensated conductivity in
the display menu. The E13 alarm feature is
also enabled. For E13 the FAIL alarm (S4) is
triggered when the uncompensated conductivity
exceeds the relevant value in the graph.
function of Temperature
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
USP warning alarms can be selected for any of
the 4 relay outputs.
Service codes 40 to 43 are for these alarms.
Set to 2.5.1 for input one, or 2.5.2 for input two.
The setpoint is the safety margin in %, and is
set as described in sections 5-1-3 & 5-2-2.
1
0.5
0
0 25 50 75 100
Temperature in ºC
Fig. 10-1.
IM 12D08E02-01E
10-9. WHAT IS DUAL CONDUCTIVITY?
RETURN LINE
COOLING
TOWER
DUAL CELL
CONDUCTIVITY
RATIO
A/B
B
A
MAKE-UP WATER
COOLING WATER SYSTEM
BLOW DOWN LINE
A
B
DIFFERENTIAL A-B
WASHING PROCESS
A
B-A
X 100
(TA - TB)
SEA WATER
CONDENSATE
A
B
SEA WATER
DEVIATION
DIFFERENTIAL
TEMPERATURE
HEAT EXCHANGER
Dual cell conductivity is a precise, comparative
measurement.
The EXA DC402G receives inputs from two
conductivity cells located at different points in
the process and compares them according to
one of six programmed user-selectable formula
- Ratio (a/b)
- Differential or linear difference (a-b)
- Percent passage (b/ax 100)
- Percent rejection {(a-b)/a x100}
- Deviation {(b/a) a x100}
- pH calculation acc. VGB directive 450L
The output signal corresponds directly to the
formulas. The EXA DC402G also displays the
absolute value of each cell on a second display
line, as desired by the user.
The unit displays all values in conductivity units
(µS/cm or mS/cm), percentage (%), resistivity
(MΩ•cm) or pH.
Appendix 10-9
Fig. 10-2. Ratio output controls blow-down of cooling tower
based on concentration factor.
The pH value of the (boiler) water/condensate
is calculated from the conductivity value before
and after the cation filter according the VGB
directive 450L.
pH as function of differential Conductivity
12
11
10
pH
9
8
7
0.11.010100
SC(before) - SC(cation) / 3
This pH calculation requires two conductivity
values which are compensated to 25ºC.
Normally matrix compensation for morpholine/
ammonia and cation are used (service code 22
should be set to 2.1 or 3.1). Consequently the
pH value displayed corresponds to 25ºC.
Fig. 10-3. Differential output water flow to optimize washing
efficiency.
Fig. 10-4. Deviation output alarms directly after leakage in the
heat exchanger.
Fig. 10-5. pH output as a function of two conductivity
values before and after the cation exchanger.
IM 12D08E02-01E
Appendix 10-10
Error codes
Code Error description Possible cause Suggested remedy
E1 Polarization detected on cell Sensor surface fouled Clean sensor
Conductivity too high Replace sensor
E2 Temperature coefficient out of limits Incorrect field calibration of TC Re-adjust
(exceeds 0 to 3.5%/ºC range) Set calculated TC
E3 Calibration out of limits Calibrated value differs more than Check for correct sensor
+/- 20 % of nominal value programmed Check for correct unit (µS/cm,
in code 03. mS/cm, kΩ•cm or MΩ•cm)
Repeat calibration
E4 Matrix compensation error Wrong data entered in 5x5 matrix Re-program
E5 Conductivity too high or resistivity too low Incorrect wiring Check wiring (3-6)
(Limits set in service code 54) Internal leakage of sensor Replace sensor
Defective cable Replace cable
E6 Conductivity too low or resistivity too high Dry sensor Immerse sensor
(Limits set in service code 54) Incorrect wiring Check wiring (3-6)
Defective cable Replace cable
E7 Temperature sensor open Process temperature too high or too low Check process
(Pt1000 : T > 250°C or 500°F) Wrong sensor programmed Check model code sensor
(Pt100/Ni100 : T > 200°C or 400°F) Incorrect wiring Check connections and cable
(8k55 : T < -10°C or 10°F)
(PB36 : T < -20°C or 0°F)
E8 Temperature sensor shorted Process temperature too high or too low Check process
(Pt1000/Pt100/Ni100 : T < -20°C or 0°F) Wrong sensor programmed Check model code sensor
(8k55/PB36 : T > 120°C or 250°F) Incorrect wiring Check connections and cable
E9 Air set impossible Too high zero due to cable capacitance Replace cable
E10 EEPROM write failure Fault in electronics Try again, if unsuccessful
contact Yokogawa
E13 USP Limit exceeded Poor water quality Check-ion exchangers
E15 Cable resistance influence to temperature Cable resistance too high Check cable
exceeds +/- 15°C Corroded contacts Clean and reterminate
Wrong sensor programmed Reprogram
E17 Output span too small Incorrect configuration by user Reprogram
E18 Table values make no sense Wrong data programmed Reprogram
E19 Programmed values outside acceptable limits Incorrect configuration by user Reprogram
E20 All programmed data lost Fault in electronics Contact Yokogawa
Very severe interference
E21 Checksum error Software problem Contact Yokogawa
E22 Alarm activation time exceeded Process control not effective Check control equipment
within set time Adjust value in code 47
E24 Calculation out of limits Incorrect configuration Check settings
Extreme process condition Check process
IM 12D08E02-01E
11. APPENDIX 2 QUALITY INSPECTION
Appendix 2 11-1
Quality
Inspection
DC402G
Converter for Conductivity or Resistivity
Standards
1. Scope
This inspection standard applies to the DC402G Converter for Conductivity or Resistivity.
2. Inspection Items
2.1 Insulation resistance test
* 2.2 Dielectric strength test
2.3 Current output test
2.4 Contact operation test
2.5 Temperature indication check
2.6 Resistance indication check
Note: Items marked with an asterisk (*) may only be confirmed by a test certificate.
3.InspectionMethods,StandardsandConditions
Connect the testing circuit as shown in Figure 1. Allow the instrument to warm up for
at least 5 minutes before conducting the tests. For the connections for the insulation
resistance test, follow the instructions in Sections 3.1.
Performance tests should be done in the inspection mode where the tests from
Section 3.3 through Section 3.6 take place in sequence and cannot be retraced. If the
reconfirmation of a test is needed, turn off the power to the converter, turn on the
power again, and enter the inspection mode to restart the tests.
3.1 Insulation Resistance Test
Apply 500 V DC between the power supply terminals shorted together (1 and 2) and the
protective earth terminal outside the case. The insulation resistance must be 100 MΩ or
greater.
3.2 Dielectric Strength Test
Apply 1400 V AC, an AC voltage of substantially sinusoidal waveform with a frequency of
50 Hz or 60 Hz, between the power supply terminals shorted together (1 and 2) and the
protective earth terminal outside the case, for at least 2 seconds. The insulation must
withstand this voltage. (The sensed current should be 15 mA.)
3.3 Current Output Test
Connect the testing circuit as shown Figure 1 and set the equipment as follows:
The power supply voltage should be set in accordance with the specifications of the
converter.
User the following procedure to enter the inspection mode.
(1) Entering Service Code 87.
a. Press the [] key. The message display will show “SETP.”
b. Press the [NO] key until the message display shows “SERV.”
c. Press the [YES] key. The data display will show “00” with the first digit of 0
flashing.
d. Press the [
8 flashing.
] key eight times. The data display will show “80” with the first digit of
QIS 12D08E02-01E
1st Edition: Feb. 2007
2nd Edition: Sep. 2013
IM 12D08E02-01E
11-2 Appendix 2
Message Display S1 S2 S3 FAIL/S4
LED1 OFF ON ON OFF
LED2 ON OFF ON OFF
LED4 ON ON ON ON
e. Press the [>] key once. The data display will show “80” with the second digit of 0
f. Press the [
g. Press the [ENT] key. The message display will show “PASS.”
(2) Setting Password 070.
a. Press the [>] key once. The data display will show “000” with the second digit of 0
b. Press the [
c. Press the [ENT] key. The message display will show “HIF.”
d. Press the [YES] key.
(3) Confirming the date and time.
a. Press the [ENT] key. The data display will show the date in day, month, year
b. Press the [ENT] key. The data display will show the time in hour, minute, second
c. Press the [ENT] key. The message display will show “mA 1+2.”
This is the inspection mode. When the message display shows “mA 1+2,” check the
current outputs.
Each time the [ENT] key is pressed, the value on the data display increase in steps of 4.0
like “4.0,” “8.0,” and “12.0.” Check the current outputs 1 and 2. Corresponding to the data
display, the current output must be within the range shown in Table 1.
When the data display shows “12.0,” pressing the [ENT] key causes the message display
to show “RIPPLE” and the data display to remain unchanged. Press the [ENT] key again.
The message display will show “mA 1+2” and the data display “16.0.”
2/3
flashing.
] key seven times. The data display will show “87” with the second
digit of 7 flashing.
flashing.
] key seven times. The data display will show “070” with the second
digit of 7 flashing.
format.
format.
Table 1
Data Display Current Output (mA DC)
4.0 4 ±0.02
12.0 12 ±0.02
20.0 20 ±0.02
3.4 Contact Operation Test
Following Section 3.3, press the [ENT] key until the message display shows “JUMPER.”
Then press the [ENT] key once, the message display will show “WAIT” and LEDs S1,
S2, WASH/S3, and FAIL/S4 flash rapidly. Check that the message display shows and
LEDs turns on/off in the order as shown in Table 2 and that a message of “FAIL x” does
not appear.
Table 2
LED3 ON ON OFF OFF
IM 12D08E02-01E
QIS 12D08E02-01E
3.5 Temperature Indication Check
Following Section 3.4, press the [ENT] key until the message display shows “PT1000.” In
this state, change the resistance of the decade resistance box 1 and check the data
display. The value on the data display must be within the range shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Temperature (°C)
Resistance (
Decade Resistance Box 1
) of
Data Display (°C)
–10 960.9 –10 ±0.3
25 1097.3 25 ±0.3
190 1721.6 190 ±0.3
3.6 Resistance Indication Check
Following Section 3.5, press the [ENT] key until the message display shows “RES 1.”
Each time the [ENT] key is pressed, the message display changes : “RES 1” “RES 2”
“RES 3” …… “RES 12.” When the message display shows the items in Table 4, set
the resistance of the decade resistance box 2 to the corresponding value in Table 4.
Check the data display and the value must be within the range shown in Table 4.
Continue to press the [ENT] key to return to normal measurement mode.
1 K9664CL 1 Cover Assembly
2 K9215DB 1 Hinge pin
3 K9663MC 1 Flat Cable
*4 K9672AV 1 Digital Assembly
*5 Analog Assembly
K9672HB 1 For 115 V AC
K9672HC 1 For 230 V AC
7 1 Housing
K9432AH 1
Polyurethane Coating
K9215DJ 1
Epoxy-polyester Coating
8 K9663MM 1 Cable Gland Assembly 6 units
9 Fuse (Time Lag Fuse)
A1105EF 1 For 115 V AC Power, 0.200 A,T
A1103EF 1 For 230 V AC Power, 0.100 A,T
13 K9664DK 1 Screw Assembly
14 Bracket Assembly for Analog Board
K9672BG 1 For 115 V AC Power
K9672BH 1 For 230 V AC Power
15 K9664AR 1 Bracket Assembly for Digital Board
*16 Adapter Assembly
K9171SU 1 For G1/2 screw when /AFTG specified (5 units).
K9316AF 1 For 1/2NPT screw when /ANSI specified (5 units).