Yokogawa AQ1200 Otdr User Manual

User’s Manual

AQ1200 OTDR Multi Field Tester

IM AQ1200-01EN

4th Edition

Thank you for purchasing the AQ1200 OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) Multi Field Tester. This user’s manual explains the features, operating procedures, and handling precautions of the AQ1200. To ensure correct use, please read this manual thoroughly before operation. Keep this manual in a safe place for quick reference in the event that a question arises. This manual is one of three AQ1200 manuals. Please read all the manuals.

Manual Title Manual No. Description

AQ1200 OTDR Multi Field Tester Operation Guide AQ1200 OTDR Multi Field Tester User’s Manual (included in CD) AQ1200 OTDR Multi Field Tester Communication Interface User’s Manual (included in CD)

IM AQ1200-02EN This guide focuses on the handling precautions, basic

operations, and specifications of the AQ1200.

IM AQ1200-01EN This manual. Explains all AQ1200 features, except for

the communication features, and how to use them.

IM AQ1200-17EN Explains the features related to using communication

commands to control the AQ1200.

Notes

• The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice as a result of continuing improvements to the instrument’s performance and functionality. The figures given in this manual may differ from those that actually appear on your screen.

•

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure the accuracy of its

contents. However YOKOGAWA dealer.

• Copying or reproducing all or any part of the content of this manual without the permission of YOKOGAW

, should you have any questions or find any errors, please contact your nearest

A is strictly prohibited.

Trademarks

• Microsoft, Windows, and Windows XP are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

• Adobe, Acrobat, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

•

In this manual, the TM and ® symbols do not accompany their respective registered trademark or

trademark names.

• Other company and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.

Revisions

1st Edition: February 2010 2nd Edition: February 2011 3rd Edition: July 2012 4th Edition: July 2013

IM AQ1200-01EN

Conventions Used in This Manual

Notes

The notes and cautions in this manual are categorized using the following symbols.

Improper handling or use can lead to injury to the user or damage to the

instrument. This symbol appears on the instrument to indicate that the user must refer to the user’s manual for special instructions. The same symbol appears in the corresponding place in the user’s manual to identify those instructions. In the manual, the symbol is used in conjunction with the word “WARNING” or “CAUTION.”

WARNING

CAUTION

Calls attention to information that is important for proper operation of the

Note

Calls attention to actions or conditions that could cause serious or fatal injury to

the user, and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences.

Calls attention to actions or conditions that could cause light injury to the user

or cause damage to the instrument or user’s data, and precautions that can be taken to prevent such occurrences.

instrument.

Symbols and Conventions Used in Procedural Explanations

The contents of the procedural explanations are indicated using the following symbols.

Procedure

Explanation

Character Notations

Hard Key Names and Soft Key Names in Bold Characters

Indicate panel keys that are used in the procedure and soft keys and menu items that appear on the screen.

Carry out the procedure according to the step numbers. All procedures are

written under the assumption that you are starting operation at the beginning of the procedure, so you may not need to carry out all the steps in a procedure when you are changing the settings.

This section describes the setup items and the limitations regarding the

procedures. It may not give a detailed explanation of the feature. For a detailed explanation of the feature, see chapter 2.

Unit

k Denotes 1000. Example: 12 kg, 100 kHz

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App

Index

Conventions Used in This Manual .................................................................................................... ii

Chapter 1 Features

Chapter 2 Common Operations

1.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 Optical Pulse Measurement ............................................................................................. 1-3

1.3 Waveform Display ............................................................................................................ 1-5

1.4

1.5 Light Source and Optical Power Meters (Options) ......................................................... 1-12

1.6 Loss

1.7 Multi-Core Loss

1.8 Fault Locator .................................................................................................................. 1-16

1.9

1.10 IP T

1.11

1.12 Event Mapper ................................................................................................................. 1-20

1.13

2.1 Top Screen ....................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Key, Rotary Knob, and Arrow Key Operations.................................................................. 2-5

2.3 Shortcut Keys ................................................................................................................... 2-8

2.4

aveform and Event Analysis .......................................................................................... 1-7

Test (Option)

Checking Fiber End Faces

est (Option) ............................................................................................................... 1-18

Multi-Core Fiber Measurement ....................................................................................... 1-19

Other Features ...............................................................................................................

Entering Strings .......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................... 1-14

Test (Option) ......................................................................................... 1-15

............................................................................................. 1-17

1-21

....... 2-10

Chapter 3 Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

3.1 Selecting the Measurement Mode .................................................................................... 3-1

Simple (Full Auto) Mode

3.2 Selecting the Wavelength ................................................................................................. 3-3

3.3 Automatically Saving Measured Data .............................................................................. 3-4

3.4 Selecting the Approximation Method (Marker) ................................................................. 3-5

Detail Mode and Multi WL Mode

3.5 Setting Measurement Conditions ..................................................................................... 3-6

3.6 Setting Analysis Conditions ............................................................................................ 3-12

3.7 Setting the Pulse Light Output Level .............................................................................. 3-17

3.8 Giving Notifications When Installations

Are Complete ................................................... 3-18

Chapter 4 Measuring Optical Pulses

4.1 Performing Real-time Measurement ................................................................................ 4-1

4.2 Performing Averaged Measurements ............................................................................... 4-3

4.3 Displaying Snapshot Waveforms ...................................................................................... 4-5

Chapter 5 Waveform Display

5.1 Waveform Display Screen ................................................................................................ 5-1

5.2 Zooming the Waveform Display Scale ............................................................................. 5-2

5.3 Moving the Waveform Display Position ............................................................................ 5-5

5.4

Initializing the Waveform Display Scale ............................................................................ 5-6

5.5

Setting the Waveform Information Display ....................................................................... 5-7

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iii

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Contents

Chapter 6 Waveform Analysis

6.1 How to Operate the Cursor and Markers ......................................................................... 6-1

6.2 Measuring Distances ........................................................................................................ 6-8

6.3 Moving the Distance Measurement Reference Point ....................................................... 6-9

6.4 Measuring the Splice Loss .............................................................................................

6.5 Measuring the Return Loss .............................................................................................6-11

6.6

Displaying Multiple Traces

6.7 Combining Two

6.8 Displaying Differential T

6.9 Analyzing Sections ......................................................................................................... 6-18

Traces ................................................................................................... 6-14

.............................................................................................. 6-13

races ......................................................................................... 6-16

Chapter 7 Event Analysis

7.1 Displaying the Event Screen ............................................................................................ 7-1

7.2 Editing Events .................................................................................................................. 7-4

7.3 Editing the Event List ........................................................................................................ 7-8

Chapter 8 Light Source (Option)

8.1 Producing Measurement Light ......................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 Turning On the Visible Light ............................................................................................. 8-3

Chapter 9 Optical Power Meter (Option)

9.1 Making Preparations for Measurements .......................................................................... 9-1

9.2 Setting Optical Power Measurement Conditions and Holding the Display ....................... 9-2

9.3 Logging Measured Values and Saving Logged Results ................................................... 9-5

9.4

Selecting and Saving Core and Tape Numbers .............................................................

6-10

9-10

Chapter 10 PON Power Meter (Option)

10.1 Making Preparations for Measurements ........................................................................ 10-1

10.2 Setting PON System Optical Power Measurement Conditions and Holding the Display 10-2

10.3 Selecting and Saving Core and Tape Numbers .............................................................

Chapter 11 Loss Testing (Option)

11.1 Making Preparations and Adjustments for Loss Testing ..................................................11-1

11.2 Performing an Auto Loss Test..........................................................................................11-3

11.3 Performing a Loop-Back Loss Test..................................................................................11-8

Chapter 12 Multi-Core Loss Testing (Option)

12.1 Creating New Projects .................................................................................................... 12-1

12.2 Sharing Projects ............................................................................................................. 12-3

12.3 Performing a Multi-Core Loss Test ................................................................................. 12-6

12.4 Optical Power Adjustment .............................................................................................. 12-9

Chapter 13 Fault Locator

13.1 Locating Breaks (Faults) in Optical Fibers ..................................................................... 13-1

Chapter 14 Checking Fiber End Faces

14.1 Using Fiber Inspection Probes to View the Status of Optical Fiber End Faces .............. 14-1

10-5

Chapter 15 IP Testing (Option)

15.1 Performing an IP Test ..................................................................................................... 15-1

App

Index

Contents

Chapter 16 Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

16.1 Creating a New Project .................................................................................................. 16-1

16.2 Loading a Project ........................................................................................................... 16-8

16.3 Measuring Multi-Core Fibers .......................................................................................... 16-9

Chapter 17 Event Mapper

Chapter 18 File Operation and Printing

17.1 Displaying Optical Fiber Events as Icons ....................................................................... 17-1

18.1 Connecting a USB Storage Medium to the USB Port .................................................... 18-1

18.2 Saving and Loading Data ............................................................................................... 18-2

18.3 Deleting and Copying Files ............................................................................................ 18-8

18.4

Changing File Names ................................................................................................... 18-10

18.5 Creating Folders ........................................................................................................... 18-12

18.6

Deleting and Copying

18.7 Initializing the Internal Memory ..................................................................................... 18-15

18.8 Printing .........................................................................................................................

Specifying the Items That Are Displayed in the File List

18.9

Folders ...................................................................................... 18-13

18-16

............................................... 18-17

Chapter 19 Other Operations

19.1 Configuring the Language, Beep, Start Menu, USB Function, and Screen Color .......... 19-1

19.2 Configuring Power Save Settings ................................................................................... 19-2

19.3 Resetting the AQ1200 to Its Factory Default Settings ....................................................

19.4 Setting Operation Restrictions ........................................................................................ 19-4

19.5 Assigning Menus Items

19.6 Configuring Network Settings (Option) ........................................................................... 19-7

That Are Displayed on the

Top Menu ....................................... 19-6

Chapter 20 Troubleshooting, Maintenance, and Inspection

20.1 If a Problem Occurs ........................................................................................................ 19-1

20.2 Error Messages .............................................................................................................. 19-2

20.3 Viewing the Product Information.....................................................................................

20.4 Performing a Self Test

20.5 Updating the Firmware ................................................................................................... 19-8

20.6

Backing Up Necessary Files to a PC and Initializing the Internal Memory (Firmware

version 1.12 and later) .................................................................................................... 19-9

20.7

Performing a Mechanical Inspection and Checking Operations ...................................

20.8 Replacing the Battery Pack ...........................................................................................19-11

20.9 Replacing an Optical Adapter ....................................................................................... 19-14

20.10 Routine Maintenance ................................................................................................... 19-16

20.11 Storage Precautions ..................................................................................................... 19-17

20.12 Recommended Replacement Parts ............................................................................. 19-18

20.13 Calibration ....................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................... 19-7

Appendix

Appendix 1 Data File Formats ............................................................................................... App-1

19-3

19-6

19-10

19-19

Index

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Optical fiber cable

Telephone exchanges

Measurement in cable installations

AQ1200

Consumer

Corporate user

Chapter 1 Features

1.1 Overview

This instrument is an OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) with the features listed below. It is used in the optical fiber and line installation and maintenance servicing of access networks, which link telephone exchanges and service providers with subscribers, and user networks, which enable communication within a corporation or building.

Features

OTDR Features

• Optical pulse measurement Real-time, averaged measurement

• Waveform display Can be zoomed and moved

• Waveform analysis

• Cursor/marker, distance, splice-loss, return-loss measurement

• Multi trace analysis

• 2 way trace analysis

• Differential trace

• Section analysis

• Event analysis

• Event editing

• Event list editing

Loss Testing (/SLT or /HLT option)

• Loss-measurement light source and visible light source

• Optical power meter

• Loss measurement (loss testing)

• Multi-core loss testing

Visible light source (/VLS option)

Generation of visible light

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Fault Locator

Location of breaks (faults) in optical fibers

1-1

1.1 Overview

Checking Fiber End Faces

You can use a fiber inspection probe* to photograph a fiber end face and display its state on the screen.

* For information about compatible fiber inspection probes, contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer.

IP Testing (/LAN option)

Simple connection testing that uses PING

PON power meter (/PPM option)

Simultaneous measurement of the optical power of different signal wavelengths (1310 nm, 1490 nm, and 1550 nm) of a PON system

Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Using screens and menus specific to multi-core fiber measurement, you can efficiently and completely measure multi-core fibers.

1-2

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1.2 Optical Pulse Measurement

Reflection point

Optical fiber being measured

Optical pulse generation

Reflected light

Do not bend the optical fiber.

AQ1200

OTDR/Optical port (Optical port 2)

or OTDR/Optical port (Optical port 3)

The AQ1200 applies an incident optical pulse to the connected optical fiber and measures the power level of the reflected light from the different sections of the optical fiber such as its splices, bent sections, and the open end of the fiber. The AQ1200 uses the measured power level to determine the distance to the different points (splices, breaks, etc.) of the optical fiber and the loss and other phenomena that occur at those points.

Measurement Mode

The following three measurement modes are available depending on the items that you specify for measurement conditions.

Simple

In this mode, you can set the optical wavelength and turn the automatic saving of measured data on

and off. All other measurement conditions are automatically configured or are fixed.

Features

Detail

In this mode, you can set all measurement conditions.

Multi WL

In this mode, in addition to the settings that you can specify in Detail mode, you can select up

to two optical wavelengths. The optical pulse whose wavelength you specified first is generated and measured. Next, the optical pulse whose wavelength you specified second is generated and measured. This operation is then repeated.

Analysis Mode

The following three analysis modes are available depending on the items that you specify for analysis conditions.

Simple

In this mode, you can set the approximation method. All other analysis conditions are automatically

configured or are fixed.

Detail

In this mode, you can specify all analysis conditions.

Multi WL

In addition to the conditions in Detail mode, you can specify the index of refraction and the

backscattering light level for each of the two wavelengths that you specified in the measurement Multi WL mode. You can also turn the macro bending (bending loss) display on and off.

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1-3

1.2 Optical Pulse Measurement

Real-time Measurement

In real-time measurement, you can change measurement conditions such as the wavelength, distance range, and pulse width while waveform changes are being measured in real time.

* The measurement conditions that you can change vary depending on the measurement mode. For details

about the measurement conditions, see the explanation of the measurement modes in chapter 3.

Averaged Measurement

When you want to detect reflections, splice loss, and other faint events that are generated from connections or splice points but are buried in noise, use averaged measurement. The AQ1200 derives the measured data by averaging the specified number of optical pulse measurements or by averaging optical pulse measurements over the specified duration. During averaged measurement, you cannot change the measurement conditions. You can stop the averaged measurement before it completes.

Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Using screens and setup menus specific to multi-core fiber measurement, you can efficiently and completely measure multi-core fibers.

Fiber-in-Use

Some models in the AQ1200 Series use the same wavelength that is used in real communication to make measurements. If communication light is present in the optical fiber that you want to measure (the fiber is in use), the communication will be affected. In this situation, the AQ1200 will not be able to perform measurements correctly either. Take appropriate precautions to avoid communication interference. Check that there is no communication light present in the optical fiber before you use the AQ1200. The AQ1200 has a feature for checking whether there is communication light (fiber-in-use alarm; see section 3.5).

1-4

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1.3 Waveform Display

Incident ray Backscatter Splice Connector Bend

Open end of the fiber

Near-end reflection

Splice loss

Approximated line

Reflection caused by a connector

Loss caused by bending

Reflection at the open end of the fiber (Fresnel reflection)

Dynamic range (SNR = 1)

Optical fiber

Small material

Incident ray

Backscatter

Optical fiber

You can display the measured result as a waveform on the screen. You can zoom the displayed waveform and move the position that is displayed.

How to View Optical Pulse Waveforms

The optical pulse applied to the optical fiber is reflected at different points of the optical fiber such as its connections, bent sections, and the open end of the fiber. These sections generate loss. The measured result is displayed as a waveform that has distance represented in the horizontal direction and loss level represented in the vertical direction. On the waveform, detected points where loss or reflection occurs are known as events.

Features

Near-end Reflection

This is the reflection that occurs at the point where the AQ1200 and the optical fiber are connected. This also includes the AQ1200’s internal reflection. In the section where this near-end reflection is detected, even if there are other connections, the loss and reflections that occur at these points cannot be detected. This section is the near-end dead zone. When you are measuring a short distance, connect a dummy fiber to reduce the effect of the near-end reflection.

Backscatter

When light travels through an optical fiber, Rayleigh scattering caused by changes in the density of materials that are smaller than the light’s wavelength and inconsistencies in the fiber’s composition

IM AQ1200-01EN

generates loss in the optical fiber itself. The portion of the scattered light that travels in the direction opposite to the direction of propagation is known as backscatter.

1-5

Optical fiber

Connector

Gap

Glass Air

Incident ray (100%)

Reflected light (3%)

Light (97%)

Measurement waveform

Noise peak

2.6 dB RMS level of the noise

Dynamic range

(SNR = 1)

1.3 Waveform Display

Splice Loss

Because spliced sections of optical fibers have a great number of changes in the material’s density and inconsistencies in the fiber’s composition, loss due to Rayleigh scattering becomes large, and splice loss occurs in these sections.

Reflection at the Connection Point of Connectors

Using a connector to connect two optical fibers is different from splicing them together in that a small gap remains between the two fibers. Because this gap has a different index of refraction, reflection occurs.

Fresnel Reflection at the Open End of the Fiber

This is the reflection that occurs at locations where the index of refraction changes (glass to air) such as where there are tears in the optical fiber or at the end of the optical fiber. When the optical fiber end face is vertical, approximately 3% of the incident optical power (–14.7 dB) is reflected.

Dynamic Range

Dynamic range refers to the range of optical power levels that can be measured. The larger the dynamic range, the greater the distance that optical pulses can be measured over.

Zooming the Waveform Display Scale

You can zoom the displayed waveform in the direction of the optical power level (vertically) or in the direction of the distance (horizontally). A rectangular frame that shows the zoom position is displayed on the overview screen that appears in the bottom right of the screen.

1-6

Moving the Waveform Display Position

You can move the displayed waveform in the direction of the optical power level (vertically) or in the direction of the distance (horizontally). A rectangular frame that shows the display position is displayed on the overview screen that appears in the bottom right of the screen. This is the same rectangular frame that shows the zoom position.

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1.4 Waveform and Event Analysis

Pulse width

Waveform Analysis

You can use the cursor and markers to measure values such as the distance, splice loss, return loss, or reflection level between two points.

Measuring Distance

The AQ1200 measures the time that it takes for an incident optical pulse to be reflected and return to the device. It uses this information and the following equation to calculate the distance (L).

L = C×T/(2N) [m] C:

The speed of light in a vacuum 2.99792 × 10

T: The time measured from when the incident pulse was generated to when the reflected light

was received [s]

N: Index of refraction In the above equation, the division by two accounts for the fact that the measured time represents the total time taken by the optical pulse to reach the reflection point and to return from it. If the correct index of refraction is not specified, there will be errors in the distance measurement.

Setting the Index of Refraction

The AQ1200 has preset indices of refraction that correspond to each wavelength. For details on

the settings, see section 3.6. Contact the optical fiber manufacturer for the fiber’s correct index of

refraction.

[m/s]

Features

Distance Range

You must select a distance range that is longer than the cable length of the optical fiber that you

want to measure. As the distance becomes greater, the measurement time also increases. For

details on the setting range, see section 3.5.

Pulse Width

There are the following features depending on the length of the pulse width. The pulse width that

you can select varies depending on the distance range that you have specified. For details on the

settings, see section 3.5.

•

Short pulse width

You can separate and measure adjacent events (reflection points and losses). However

cannot measure long distances.

• Long pulse width

You can measure long distances. However, multiple adjacent

event.

events may be seen as one single

, you

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1-7

Event dead zone

Attenuation dead zone

1.5 dB

Do not bend the optical fiber.

AQ1200

Optical fiber being measured

Dummy fiber

Event generation point

Small reflection that was hidden within a large reflection

Splice loss a (dB) (Total loss)

(n when Marker Mode is set to Line)

(E when Marker Mode is set to Line)

d (km)

1.4 Waveform and Event Analysis

Dead Zone

An area where the influence of a large event such as a connector’s connection point makes it

impossible to recognize other events that exist in that area is a dead zone. There are the following two types of dead zones.

•

Event dead zone

An area where adjacent reflections cannot be separated. This is the area represented by the

pulse width between the two points on the waveform at the level that is 1.5 dB below the peak value.

•

Attenuation dead zone

An area where, because there is a large reflection, the surrounding splice losses cannot be

measured.

Near-end Dead Zone Prevention

In sections where near-end reflection is detected, loss and reflections that occur at connections

cannot be detected. If you are measuring a short distance, connect a dummy fiber to move events that are hidden in the near-end reflection the distance of the dummy fiber.

1-8

Splice Loss

The AQ1200 measures the distance and the loss between the specified points.

2 Point Markers

The AQ1200 measures the distance and the loss between two points. If reflection is detected

between the two points, the return loss is also measured. The splice loss value changes depending on the approximation method that you have specified. This can be used when Marker Mode is set to Marker or Line.

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b(dB)

e (dB)

c (km) f (km)

Approximated line Y2–

NfF

a (dB)

b (dB)

c (km)

e (dB)

f (km)

Approximated line F–f

Approximated line n–N

1.4 Waveform and Event Analysis

4 Point Markers

The AQ1200 uses the following four points to perform the measurement: the measurement start

point

, the splice loss start point 2, the splice loss end point Y2, and the measurement end point

. At position 2, the level difference between the approximated line 2–1 and the approximated line Y2– position of

is calculated as the splice loss. The splice loss changes greatly depending on the

. Set the correct position for 2. The splice loss value changes depending on the approximation method that you have specified. This can only be used when Marker Mode is set to Marker.

5 Point Markers

The AQ1200 uses the following five points to perform the measurement: the near-end point (n), a

point (N) that is used to calculate the near-end side’s approximated line, a point (E) where splice loss is detected, a point (F) that is used to calculate the far-end side’s approximated line, and the far-end point (f). At position E, the level difference between the approximated line n–N and the approximated line F–f is calculated as the splice loss. The splice loss changes greatly depending on the position of E. Set the correct position for E. The splice loss value changes depending on the approximation method that you have specified. This can only be used when Marker Mode is set to Line.

Features

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Return Loss

Return loss RL is the ratio, in dB, of the reflected optical power level Pr to the incident optical power level Pi. It is calculated using the following equation. The larger the return loss, the smaller the reflected optical power. This implies that the performance of the measured optical line is good. RL

= –10log(Pr/Pi) [dB]

1-9

AQ1200

End A

End B

End A → End B

End A ← End B

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

S 1 2 3 4 E

AQ1200

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

S1234E

▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

2 3 4 E5

2 way trace analysis

S E

1.4 Waveform and Event Analysis

Multi Trace Analysis

You can load up to four traces that have been measured on the AQ1200 and display them simultaneously for comparison. You can adjust the vertical display position of each loaded trace.

2 Way Trace Analysis

Trace events that have been measured from optical fiber cable end A to end B and those measured from end B to end A can be combined. This combination enables displaying of events that could not otherwise be measured because of dead zones. In the figure below, the event that is in the near-end dead zone (point S) when measured from end A is detected as event number 5 when measured from end B. In the 2 way trace analysis display, it is displayed as event number 1.

An event of the other trace that exists within 6% of the position of an event of the current trace will be considered part of the current trace event. If multiple events of the other trace that exists within 6% of the position of an event of the current trace, the closest event will be considered part of the current trace event. Traces that meet the following conditions can be combined.

• Both have the same wavelength.

• Both have the same pulse width.

• Their end position of

fset is within 6%.

• Both have event lists.

Differential Trace

You can load two traces that have been measured on the AQ1200 and display their difference as a trace. The screen can display the loaded traces and the differential trace simultaneously. The differential trace is the result of subtracting the values of the current trace from those of the other trace. You can use markers to read the following values of the differential trace.

Loss between markers (dB)

•

• Distance between markers (km)

• Loss per unit distance between markers (dB/km)

•

Distance to each marker

1-10

Section Analysis

You can set two markers, start point S and end point E, to measure the return loss and total loss in the section that you have specified. If you specify the reference point marker measurement, you can measure the return loss in the area between

and E.

for the return loss

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▲

Measurement reference point

Event number 1

Event number 2

Detected fiber-end event E

1.4 Waveform and Event Analysis

Event Analysis

You can search for events in the optical pulse measurement waveform and measure the splice loss and the return loss.

Event Editing

You can insert and delete events on the event screen. When you edit an event marker, the splice loss and the return loss can be recalculated.

Event List Editing

You can set indices of refraction for each event period on the event list. Setting the indices of refraction in accordance with the connected fiber makes accurate distance measurements possible. These indices only affect event analysis. The do not affect the waveform display. You can also change event distances. However, the events shown on the screen will not change.

Features

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1-11

1.5 Light Source and Optical Power Meters (Options)

The features listed for the loss-measurement light source and optical power meters are available on models with the /SLT, /HLT, or /PPM option. The features listed for the visible light source are available on models with the /VLS option.

Loss-Measurement Light Source

The following measurement light wavelengths can be generated.

Model Measurement Light Wavelength

AQ1200A SM 1310 nm, SM 1550 nm AQ1200B SM 1625 nm AQ1200C SM 1650 nm AQ1200E SM 1310 nm, SM 1550 nm, SM 1625 nm AQ1205A SM 1310 nm, SM 1550 nm AQ1205E SM 1310 nm, SM 1550 nm, SM 1625 nm AQ1205F SM 1310 nm, SM 1550 nm, SM 1650 nm

You can produce continuous light or light that has been modulated at the selected frequency (modulation mode).

Visible Light Source

You can produce visible light to visually identify breaks in the optical fiber under test. You can turn the visible light on and off independently of the measurement light source.

Optical Power Meter

The two instrument types listed below are available for measuring different types of optical power.

Item

Wavelength Yes Fixed Wavelength mode Modulation mode Unit Reference Measured value display hold Yes Yes Yes Measured value logging Yes Yes —

Zero set Average count Maximum and minimum value

display Interlocking of light source and optical power meter settings

Offset Threshold Measurement of the optical power from ONU to OLT for a particular signal wavelength Measurement of the optical power from OLT to ONU for a particular signal wavelength

Models with /SLT or /HLT

Suffix Codes

Yes (dB, dBm, W) Yes (dB, dBm, W) Yes (dBm, W)

Yes — — Yes — —

Yes Yes —

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes —

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

— — Yes

Models with /PPM Suffix Codes

Normal power meter

selected

10, 11

Yes: Can be set or executed, —: Not available

PON power meter

selected

10, 11

Fixed

1-12

1 Wavelengths can be set with the wavelength mode set to Simple, Detail, or CWDM.

• Simple: You can select from a list of preset wavelengths.

• Detail: You can set the wavelength to a value from 800 to 1700 nm in 1 nm steps.

• CWDM: You can set the wavelength to a value from 1270 to 1610 nm in 20 nm steps along the CWDM wavelength grid.

IM AQ1200-01EN

1.5 Light Source and Optical Power Meters (Options)

2 You can select the modulation frequency of the incident rays from a list of presets. You can also select CW

(continuous).

3 You can make the displayed measured value the reference and display subsequent measured values as

relative values.

4 You can adjust the internal deviation of the optical power measurement section and obtain more accurate

absolute optical power values. 5 You can display averaged measured values. 6 You can display the maximum and minimum measured values. 7 You can interlock the light source and optical power meter settings when you connect an optical fiber

between the light source port of an AQ1200 and the optical power measurement port of another AQ1200. 8 You can add a specified value (the offset value) to measured optical power values. 9 You can set upper and lower threshold values and determine whether or not the measured values fall within

them. 10 You can measure the optical power of an upstream signal from the ONU (optical network unit: the user’s

optical terminal) to the OLT (optical line termination: the telephone exchange’s optical terminal). The optical

power of the 1310 nm (data wavelength) signal is measured. 11 You can measure the optical power of downstream signals from the OLT to the ONU. The optical power of

the 1490 nm (data wavelength) and 1550 nm (video wavelength) signals is measured.

Logging

You can measure short-term optical power stability. The optical power value during logging can be displayed on a graph, and you can calculate the maximum, minimum, and average. In addition, you can use cursors to calculate the optical power at a specified location or the maximum, minimum, and average within a specified area. The logging results can be saved to a file in CSV format.

Features

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1-13

1.6 Loss Test (Option)

Light source (AQ1200)

Light source port

Optical power meter (AQ1200)

Optical power measurement port

Fiber under loss test

Light source and optical power meter (AQ1200)

Light source port

Optical power measurement port

Fiber under loss test

You can easily measure optical fiber and optical line degradation. This feature is available on models with the /SLT or /HLT option.

Auto Loss Test (Using one AQ1200 as the light source and another as the optical power meter)

Using the AQ1200 as a light source and optical power meter, you can easily measure optical fiber and line degradation. You can also use the AQ1100 multi-field tester series instead of the AQ1200 as the light source or optical power meter.

Light Source

You can set up to two measurement light wavelengths and produce them in order. You can produce

a constant level of light if you use the optical power adjustment feature.

Optical Power Meter

The AQ1200 automatically identifies the measurement light from the AQ1200 that it is connected to

and measures the optical power.

• The following items can be specified or executed. For details about these items, see section 1.5. The unit, reference, offset, and threshold values can be specif The zero set and measured value display hold operations can be executed.

• You can attach

* Because the AQ1200 is capable of identifying optical fiber and line cores, it is possible to number cores

and tapes.

fiber information to the measured values and save them.

ied.

Loop-Back Loss Test (Using one AQ1200)

You can use the light source and optical power meter features on a single AQ1200 to perform a loopback loss test on an optical fiber or line. To perform loss testing, connect one end of the fiber that you want to perform loss testing on to the AQ1200 light source port, and connect the other end to the optical power measurement port of the same AQ1200.

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1.7 Multi-Core Loss Test (Option)

Master (AQ1200)

Light source port

(optical port 2)

Optical power

measurement port

Slave (AQ1200)

Light source port

Optical power measurement port

(optical port 1)

Fiber under loss test

Communication fiber

You can efficiently measure multi-core optical fiber and optical line degradation. This feature is available on models with the /SLT or /HLT option.

Master and Slave

Connect two AQ1200s and specify the optical power meter as the master and the light source as the slave. You can also use the AQ1100 multi-field tester series instead of the AQ1200 as the master or slave.

Specifying the Optical Communication Fiber

To transfer, between the master and slave, project setup information and information about the fiber

under loss test, you must specify a fiber from the multi-core optical fiber to use for communication. Connect one end of the optical communication fiber to the master’s light source port (optical port 2), and connect the other end to the slave’s optical power measurement port (optical port 1).

Information That Is Transferred from Master to Slave

The following information can be transferred through the optical communication fiber from the

master to the slave.

• Project information (see below for further details)

• Loss test results

* Each time that the selected fiber’s loss test finishes, that fiber’s loss test result is automatically transferred.

Features

IM AQ1200-01EN

Connecting the Optical Fiber under Loss Test

All fibers other than the optical communication fiber can be tested. For each optical fiber under

loss test, connect one end to the master’s optical power measurement port, and connect the other end to the slave’s light source port. The core and tape numbers of the fibers under loss test are transferred from the master to the slave.

Executing a Loss Test

Transmit light from the slave. The master will automatically identify different wavelengths in the light from the slave and measure the optical power. Continue the loss test, switching the cores between the master and the slave in order.

Projects

You can create projects with the master. You can specify the following project information: The project name, the number of the core to start loss testing at, the tape number type, the number

of cores, and the transmitted or measured measurement light wavelengths (up to 2).

• You can transfer projects from the master to the slave and share information. When the master and the slave share a project and use that project to perform loss testing, if testing

•

is stopped, the data up to the stop point is saved and you can begin testing again from the next core.

•

You can save and load projects as CSV files.

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1.8 Fault Locator

Loss level that is used to determine whether this is the fiber end face or not

Break (fault)

This feature enables you to search for breaks (faults) in an optical fiber or line. If there are no faults in the middle of a fiber, the fiber end face is detected as a fault. You can specify the wavelength and the loss level that is used to determine if a fault is a fiber end face or not when the AQ1200 searches for faults. You can also zoom the display scale of the measured waveform and move the display position.

You can make measurements on the selected route. The following five routes are available.

• Normal

Searches for faults in the fiber that connects the OLT

• OLT -> Splitter

Searches the route from the OLT to the splitter

• OLT -> Splitter -> ONU

Searches the routes from the OLT through the splitter to each ONU

• ONU -> Splitter

Searches the route from an ONU to the splitter

• ONU -> Splitter -> OLT

Searches the route from an ONU through the splitter to the OLT

and ONU

1 OLT (optical line termination): the telephone exchange’s optical terminal 2 ONU (optical network unit): the user’s optical terminal

1-16

IM AQ1200-01EN

1.9 Checking Fiber End Faces

You can use a fiber inspection probe* to take a photograph that shows the state of a fiber end face. You can display this photograph on the AQ1200 screen and save it.

* For information about compatible fiber inspection probes, contact your nearest YOKOGAWA dealer.

Features

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1-17

1.10 IP Test (Option)

You can check whether or not the network layer of an Ethernet LAN line is established. Before performing an IP test, make sure that the optical fiber or line is connected physically. IP testing is available on models with the /LAN option.

Ping Test

To ping an address (perform a simple IP test), specify the address and configure the Tx frame settings listed below. The results of pinging the address appear on the screen. The frame length, Tx mode (continuation, number of frames to send, and transmission time), and

measurement interval

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IM AQ1200-01EN

1.11 Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

Multi-core fiber measurement takes time and effort. This feature makes it possible to efficiently measure multi-core fibers through a dedicated menu.

Projects

Items that you need to specify in order to make multi-core measurements such as measurement conditions, analysis conditions, and core information are managed in projects. By creating a project before a measurement, you can measure cores under the same conditions. You can save projects to files. You can load a previously saved project and make measurements under the same conditions.

List

Cores are listed. You can easily distinguish between cores that have been measured, cores that have not been measured, and cores that do not to be measured. This list prevents you from forgetting measurements and from making unnecessary measurements. (You can make measurements efficiently.)

Measurement Result Storage

Measurement results of each core are automatically saved to a folder that is automatically created in the folder that the project file is saved in. The folder will have the same name as the project file.

Features

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1-19

1.12 Event Mapper

Near-end reflection

Splice loss

Reflection caused by a connector

Loss caused by bending

Reflection at the open end of the fiber (Fresnel reflection)

Reflection caused by a splitter

Each event is displayed as an icon. You can also switch to the waveform display using soft keys.

If an event is determined to be a fault event, the icon background is displayed in orange.

Detailed analysis results of the selected icon (event)

Distance between events

You can display measured result events as icons on the screen. Detailed event analysis results are displayed along with the displayed icons. In addition, if fault events (see section 3.6) are specified, icons are displayed in different colors depending on the results of pass/fail judgments.

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1.13 Other Features

The AQ1200 also has the following features.

• Data saving and loading

• Language selection

• Beep on/off

• Startup menu selection

• USB function selection (storage/communication)

• Screen color selection

• Current date and time configuration (see the operation guide, IM AQ1200-02EN)

• Power save settings

• Network settings (on models with the /LAN option)

• Setup information initialization (to the factory default values)

• AQ1200 information display (model, serial no., suffix code, version, etc.)

• Self test execution

• Firmware version updating

Features

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1-21

Displays a term that represents the selected feature

• OTDR

• LS_OPM

• Auto Loss Test

• Multi-Core Loss Test

• IP Test

•

Fiber Inspection Probe

• Fault Locator

• Visible Light Source

• PON_OPM

• Multi-Core Fiber Meas

• OTDR Event Mapper

Top Menu

Displays an image that shows the selected feature

Rotary knob

ENTER key

The center of the rotary knob

Displays an explanation of the selected feature

Chapter 2 Common Operations

2.1 Top Screen

When you turn the AQ1200 on and it starts, the top screen appears. First select a feature from this top screen, and then configure the feature or carry out the measurement that corresponds to the feature you have selected.

Turn on the AQ1200.

Use the rotary knob to select the feature.

An image that shows the selected feature is displayed, and the feature name is displayed in the upper left of the screen.

Press the center of the rotary knob or ENTER to confirm your selection.

The setup or measurement operation menu for the selected feature is displayed.

In this manual, steps 2 and 3 above are described as shown below. Example: To select the OTDR feature and confirm it: “Using the

rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.”

Common Operations

IM AQ1200-01EN

Procedural Explanations of Features

For explanations of the procedures to perform after you have selected and confirmed a feature, see the chapters or sections that are listed in the following table.

Function Reference

OTDR (optical pulse measurement) Chapters 3 to 7 LS_OPM (power meter and light source) Chapters 8 and 9 Auto loss test (auto loss test and loopback loss test) Chapter 11 Multi-core loss test Chapter 12 IP test Chapter 15 Fiber inspection probe (fiber end face check) Chapter 14 Fault locator Chapter 13 Visible light source Section 8.2 PON_OPM (PON power meter) Multi-Core Fiber Meas (multi-core fiber measurement) OTDR Event Mapper

1 AQ1200 firmware versions 1.10 and later support this feature. 2 AQ1200 firmware versions 2.01 and later support this feature. 3 AQ1200 firmware versions 2.03 and later support this feature.

Chapter 10 Chapter 16 Chapter 17

2-1

• OTDR Top Menu (during real-time measurement)

When not measuring

During real-time measurement

After real-time measurement

Attenuation command

Waveform Analysis Command

Measurement Condition Command

Waveform Analysis Command

2.1 Top Screen

Top Menu

• You can also use the soft keys (F1 to F5) on the right side of the top menu to select a feature and display its setup or measurement operation menu.

• The feature that you have used the rotary knob and ENTER to select is displayed in the top position (soft key F1) of the top menu.

• If you use the rotary knob and ENTER to select a feature that is already displayed in the top menu, the feature will move to the top position of the top menu. If you press a soft key (F1 to F5), the feature that you have selected will also be moved to the top position.

• Up to five features can be displayed. When you exceed this number, the feature that was displayed in the position by soft key F5 is deleted from the top menu.

• You can configure the top menu that is displayed when the AQ1200 starts. For details, see section

19.1.

OTDR Top Menu

If you select the OTDR feature from the top menu, the OTDR menu (OTDR top menu) will appear. On AQ1200s with firmware version 2.03 and later, the OTDR top menu varies depending on the suffix code.

If the Suffix Code Is Not -HE (-HJ for example)

The OTDR top menu is the same as that of the previous version.

• The OTDR top menu will contain waveform analysis commands.

• During real-time measurement, marker and measurement condition commands appear. The F4 soft key will show the attenuation command.

• When real-time measurement finishes, the menu will return to displaying waveform analysis

commands.

• During averaged measurement, the marker command appears.

• When averaged measurement finishes, the menu will return to displaying waveform analysis commands.

2-2

IM AQ1200-01EN

Waveform Analysis Command

Marker Command

Waveform Analysis Command

• OTDR Top Menu (during averaged measurement)

When not measuring

During averaged measurement

After averaged measurement

[Detail mode]

• OTDR Top Menu (during real-time measurement)

When not measuring

During real-time measurement

After real-time measurement

Average duration command (see section 3.5)

Switches to waveform analysis commands

Marker command

Displays/clears snapshot waveforms

Switches to measurement condition setting commands

Multi WL mode

Switches the displayed waveform

Measurement Condition Command

Waveform Analysis Command

2.1 Top Screen

Common Operations

If the Suffix Code Is -HE

• The OTDR top menu will contain measurement condition setting commands. The F4 soft key will show the average duration command. The F5 soft key will show a command for switching to waveform analysis commands.

• During real-time measurement, measurement condition setting commands appear.

• When real-time measurement finishes, the menu will change to displaying waveform analysis commands.

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2-3

Detail mode

• OTDR Top Menu (during averaged measurement)

When not measuring

During averaged measurement

After averaged measurement

Average duration command (see section 3.5)

Switches to waveform analysis commands

Marker command

Displays/clears snapshot waveforms

Switches to measurement condition setting commands

Multi WL mode

Switches the displayed waveform

Measurement Condition Command

Waveform Analysis Command

During measurement, the operation can not be perform.

2.1 Top Screen

• During averaged measurement, marker and measurement condition commands (cannot be used during measurement) appear.

• When averaged measurement finishes, the menu will display waveform analysis commands.

2-4

IM AQ1200-01EN

2.2 Key, Rotary Knob, and Arrow Key Operations

Below are the different types of menu operations that you may encounter.

When you press a soft key,

the selected setting switches. The setting changes each time you press the soft key.

a selection menu appears. When you press a soft key that corresponds

to an option, the selected item is confirmed, or the selected operation is executed.

the selected item is confirmed, or the operation is executed.

Soft keys

ESC ESC

The settings that the soft keys are used to configure and the actions that pressing them cause are explained. Options and ranges are listed afterwards.

Set the start point.

Set the start point marker to the cursor position.

Set the end point.

Set the end point marker to the cursor position.

Specify from markers.

When the and markers or the n and E markers are already present, change these markers to the start point and end point markers.

1 2

Press to configure more settings.

Change the reference point, or delete all the specified markers from the displayed menu.

Set the approximation method (LSA, TPA).

Key Operations

Key operations are explained below using an example. Here we will examine the steps you would take to select the section analysis menu from the top screen.

Use the rotary knob and ENTER to select OTDR. Or, press the OTDR soft key on the top

menu.

The OTDR menu appears.

Press the Advanced Analysis soft key.

The waveform analysis menu appears.

Press the Section Analysis soft key.

The section analysis menu appears.

Common Operations

In this manual, the above key operation is described as shown below.

Example of an Explanation in This Manual

Use the rotary knob and ENTER to select OTDR.

Press the Advanced Analysis soft key.

Press the Section Analysis soft key. The following screen appears.

Press the

menu appears.

IM AQ1200-01EN

OTDR soft key > Advanced Analysis soft key > Section Analysis soft key. The following

2-5

2.2 Key, Rotary Knob, and Arrow Key Operations

This manual explains procedures in accordance with the following guidelines.

• The following types of procedures are simplified.

- Repetitive operations.

- Detailed operations for proceeding to the desired setup menu or dialog box and information

about the accompanying screen changes.

• Step numbers are used in soft key explanations when there are many operations and when operations must be performed in different menus.

The explanation for returning to the previous menu is omitted.

•

2-6

IM AQ1200-01EN

To return to the top menu, press .

The item at the cursor location is highlighted.

Below are the different types of setup operations that you may encounter.

Pressing ENTER display a menu.

Each time you press ENTER, the selected setting switches.

Pressing ENTER displays a text box.

Pressing ENTER confirms the selected item or executes its corresponding action.

• Using the rotary knob or the up and down arrow keys, move the cursor to the item you want to select.

• Press ENTER to confirm the selected item.

• To reset the selected item to its previous setting, press ESC.

• To increase or decrease a value, use the rotary knob or the up and down arrow keys.

To move between digits, use the left and right arrow keys.

• Press ENTER to confirm the entered value.

• To reset the selected item to its previous setting, press ESC.

Performs zero set

Set the wavelength mode (Simple, Detail, CWDM).

Set the average count (1, 10, 50, 100).

Turns the display of the max/min value menu on and off

Turns the interlocking of the light source and optical power meter settings on and off

Set the offset (–9.900 to 9.900 dB).

Set the upper threshold value (–80.00 to 40.00 dB).

Set the lower threshold value (–80.00 to 40.00 dB).

The settings that the items are used to configure and the actions that selecting them cause are explained. Options and ranges are listed afterwards.

2.2 Key, Rotary Knob, and Arrow Key Operations

Rotary Knob and Arrow Key Operations

We will use the dialog box that appears when you press the OPM Setup soft key as an example to explain the rotary knob and arrow key operations.

Press the OPN Setup soft key.

The OPN Setup dialog box appears.

Use the rotary knob or the arrow keys to move the cursor to the item that you want to

configure or execute.

The item at the cursor location is highlighted.

Press ENTER.

Common Operations

In this manual, the above rotary and arrow key operations are described as shown below.

Example of an Explanation in This Manual

Press the OPN Setup soft key. The following screen appears.

This manual omits the following descriptions.

• How to operate the rotary knob, arrow key, and ENTER key

• How to reset the selected item to its previous setting

• How to return to the previous menu

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2-7

2.3 Shortcut Keys

Set the action that is executed when you press the rotary knob. (No action, file menu, print menu, scale menu, visible light source menu, save, print, coarse/fine)

Set the action that is executed when you hold down the SETUP key. (No action, file menu, print menu, scale menu, visible light source menu, save, print, coarse/fine, light source menu)

Rotary knob indicator SETUP key indicator

An indicator that represents the action that has been assigned to the SETUP key is displayed.

An indicator that represents the action that has been assigned to the rotary knob is displayed.

If no action is assigned, nothing is displayed.

An indicator that represents the setup status of the pulse light output level is displayed.

An indicator that represents the setup status of the marker approximation method is displayed.

The AQ1200’s OTDR feature has a shortcut key feature. You can use the rotary knob and the SETUP key as shortcut keys. You can assign actions to each shortcut key.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP, the System Setup soft key, and then the OTDR soft key to display the following

screen.

Note

• The shortcut feature is only enabled when you are operating the OTDR feature. Also, you can only make shortcut assignments when you are using the OTDR feature.

• The shortcut feature does not function on the top screen.

• You can assign the same action to both the rotary knob and the SETUP key.

Status Indicators

The indicators that represent the following AQ1200 actions and statuses are displayed in the lowerright of the screen.

• The actions assigned to the rotary knob and the SETUP key

• Status of the pulse light output level

•

Status of the marker approximation method

2-8

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Meaning of the Status Indicators

Status Indicator Meaning

None No action assigned

Displays the file menu

Displays the print menu

Displays the scale menu

Displays the visible light source menu

Starts saving

Starts printing

Coarse / Fine

Switches the resolution between coarse and fine for the cursor movement that you control by turning the rotary knob

Normal pulse light output level

Low pulse light output level

2.3 Shortcut Keys

Common Operations

IM AQ1200-01EN

2-9

2.4 Entering Strings

Character input dialog box

Edit screen

Confirms the input

SpaceSwitches between uppercase and lowercase letters

Keyboard

Input history

Strings that you have entered in the past remain in the input history. You can enter these strings (see the next page).

Moves the cursor to the left

Moves the cursor to the right

Deletes the previous character

Confirms the entered string

After you have selected a setup item and pressed ENTER, a character input dialog box will appear if it is necessary. This section explains the operations that you can perform after the dialog box appears.

Entering Strings

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, enter a string. The string that you entered appears in the

edit screen.

Press the various soft keys to edit the string as necessary.

After you have finished entering and editing the string, press the OK soft key to confirm the

string that you entered and close the character input dialog box. The string be applied to the relevant item.

You can also confirm the string by moving the cursor to ENT on the displayed keyboard and then pressing ENTER.

Note

• If there is a limit to the length of the string, you will not be able to enter characters after the limit is reached.

• You can also enter strings using a USB keyboard.

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2.4 Entering Strings

Entering Strings from the History

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select to display the input history screen.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, choose the string that you want to enter. The string

appears in the edit screen.

Note

Entered strings are saved to the input history when you confirm them. Up to 50 strings can be saved. Newer strings appear at the top of the input history.

Common Operations

IM AQ1200-01EN

2-11

Set the measurement mode (Simple, Detail, Multi WL, PON).

The Multi WL option is not available on the AQ1200B and AQ1200C.

Chapter 3

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

3.1 Selecting the Measurement Mode

Procedure

Measurement Screen

Explanation

Simple Mode

In this mode, the absolute minimum amount of measurement conditions are set manually. You only have to set the wavelength. The following measurement conditions are set to the optimum values when measurement starts.

•

Distance range

• Pulse width

• Event search The measurement conditions that are available when the listed below. You can view these conditions in the measurement condition information (see section 5.1) that is displayed on the screen.

Item Setup

Distance range Automatic Pulse width Automatic Attenuation Automatic Duration to average over Automatic Average method Hi-reflection Average unit Time Sample interval Standard

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP and then the Meas Setup soft key to display the following screen.

AQ1200 is in Simple (Full Auto) mode are

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

For the procedures to set the Simple mode measurement conditions, see sections 3.2 to 3.4.

Detail Mode

In this mode, all measurement conditions are set manually. For the procedures to set the Detail mode measurement conditions, see sections 3.5 and 3.6.

Multi WL Mode

You can perform consecutive measurements over multiple wavelengths. Depending on the AQ1200 model, the wavelengths that can be measured and the number of waveforms that can be displayed vary. For the procedures to set the Multi WL mode measurement conditions, see sections 3.5 and 3.6.

IM AQ1200-01EN

3-1

Set the number of splitter stages (1, 2).

Image when the route is set to ONU -> OLT

Select the number of splits from the following: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 The maximum total number of splits is 128.

Set the route (OLT -> ONU or ONU -> OLT).

The settings change to values that are suitable for the measurement of the specified number of stages and splits. You can also change the settings according to your measurement conditions.

3.1 Selecting the Measurement Mode

PON Mode

In PON mode, you can set the measurement route details such as the number of splitter splits and measurement direction. In addition, an image of the specified route is displayed.

3-2

IM AQ1200-01EN

3.2 Selecting the Wavelength

Set Mode to “Simple.”

Set the wavelength .

The available options vary depending on the model. For details, see the explanation in section 3.5.

Procedure

Measurement Screen

Explanation

Selecting the Measurement Wavelength

For details, see “Explanation” in section 3.5.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP and then the Meas Setup soft key.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, set Mode to Simple to display the following screen.

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

IM AQ1200-01EN

3-3

3.3 Automatically Saving Measured Data

Turns automatic saving of the measured result on or off

Set Mode to “Simple.”

Procedure

Measurement Screen

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP and then the Meas Setup soft key.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, set Mode to Simple to display the following screen.

Explanation

Automatically Saving the Measured Results

For details, see “Explanation” in section 3.5.

3-4

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3.4 Selecting the Approximation Method (Marker)

Set the approximation method (LSA, TPA).

Set Mode to “Simple.”

Procedure

Analysis Setup Screen

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP and then the Analysis Setup soft key.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, set Mode to Simple to display the following screen.

Approximation Method (Marker)

For details, see section 3.6.

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

IM AQ1200-01EN

3-5

3.5 Setting Measurement Conditions

Set the average method (Hi-Speed, Hi-Reflection).

Set the average unit (Times, Duration).

Set the event search (Auto, Manual).

Turns the fiber-in-use alarm on or off

Turns the plug check on or off

Initializes the settings

Press to reset the settings to their factory defaults.

Set Mode to “Detail” or “Multi WL.”

The Multi WL option is not available on the AQ1200B and AQ1200C.

Set the distance range (Auto, 500m, 1km, 2km, 5km, 10km, 20km, 50km, 100km, 200km, 300km, 400km, 512km).

Set the pulse width (Auto, 3ns, 10ns, 20ns, 50ns, 100ns, 200ns, 500ns, 1µs, 2µs, 5µs, 10µs, 20µs).

Set the attenuation (Auto, 0.00dB, 2.50dB, 5.00dB, 7.50dB, 10.00dB,

12.50dB, 15.00dB, 17.50dB, 20.00dB, 22.50dB, 25.00dB, 27.50dB, 30.00dB).

Set the sample interval (Normal, High Resolution, 5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 50cm, 1m, 2m, 4m, 8m, 16m, 32m).

Set the average count or the duration to average over.

• When the unit is times: (Auto, 2^10, 2^11, 2^12, 2^13, 2^14, 2^15, 2^16, 2^17, 2^18,

2^19, 2^20)

• When the unit is duration: (Auto, 5sec, 10sec, 20sec, 30sec, 1min, 3min, 5min, 10min,

20min, 30min)

Set whether measured results are saved automatically or not.

Press ENTER to display the File Setup screen. See the File Setup screen that is described below.

Set the wavelength.

You can specify Wavelength 2 and Wavelength 3 when Mode is set to Multi WL. The available options vary depending on the model. For details, see the explanation later in this section.

Turns the PON on or off

Turns automatic saving on or off

Select a drive (Int.Memory, USB Memory).

See section 17.2.

• File list display (when the mode is UserDefine)

• Current save destination

Set how the automatically generated save-destination folders are named (Date, UserDefine).

Selecting UserDefine enables the File List button. Select to display the File List screen for setting the save destination.

Procedure

Measurement Screen

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP and then the Meas Setup soft key.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, set Mode to Detail or Multi WL to display the following

screen.

3-6

File Setup Screen

Use this screen to configure the automatic saving of measured results. For details about these

settings, see section 18.2.

IM AQ1200-01EN

Use this screen to specify the folder where files will be saved to.

Folder path of the folder that you want to save to

The number of folders and files in the folder that you want to save to

Explanation

Measurement Wavelength

There are three instrument types, with the measurement light wavelengths listed below. Select a wavelength from the available settings on the AQ1200 that you are using.

Model Measurement Light Wavelength Output Port

AQ1200A SM 1310 nm, SM 1550 nm

AQ1200C SM 1650 nm AQ1200E SM 1310 nm, SM 1550 nm Optical port 2

AQ1205A SM 1310 nm, SM 1550 nm Optical port 2 AQ1205E SM 1310 nm, SM 1550 nm Optical port 2

AQ1205F SM 1310 nm, SM 1550 nm Optical port 2

3.5 Setting Measurement Conditions

File List Screen

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Optical port 2AQ1200B SM 1625 nm

SM 1625 nm Optical port 3

SM 1650 nm Optical port 3

On the AQ1200A, AQ1200B, AQ1200C, and AQ1205A, the light for a single mode (SM) optical fiber is emitted from optical port 2. On the AQ1200E, AQ1205E, and AQ1205F, light with a 1310 nm or 1550 nm wavelength is transmitted from optical port 2, and light with a 1625 nm or 1650 nm wavelength is transmitted from optical port 3. Firmly connect the optical fiber to the port that the light with the selected wavelength will be transmitted from.

Setting Wavelengths in Multi WL Measurement Mode

If the measurement mode is set to Multi WL, you can measure with both the 1310 nm wavelength

and 1550 nm wavelength at the same time. Depending on the model, you can set the wavelengths as shown below.

Model Wavelength 1 Wavelength 2 Wavelength 3

AQ1200A SM 1310nm SM 1550nm/OFF ─

AQ1200E SM 1310nm SM 1550nm/OFF OFF

AQ1205A SM 1310nm SM 1550nm/OFF ─

AQ1205E SM 1310nm SM 1550nm/OFF OFF

AQ1205F SM 1310nm SM 1550nm/OFF OFF

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* The AQ1200B and AQ1200C do not have Multi WL mode.

SM 1550nm SM 1310nm/OFF ─

SM 1550nm SM 1310nm/OFF OFF SM 1625nm OFF ─

SM 1550nm SM 1310nm/OFF ─

SM 1550nm SM 1310nm/OFF OFF SM 1625nm OFF ─

SM 1550nm SM 1310nm/OFF OFF SM 1650nm OFF ─

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3.5 Setting Measurement Conditions

Distance Range

Specify a distance range that matches the cable length. The distance range that you can select varies depending on the wavelength. Specify a distance range value that is greater than the length of the optical fiber that you will measure. If you specify a shorter value, the AQ1200 will not be able to perform measurements properly. The longer the distance that you specify, the more time measurements will take. When you specify the distance range, the optimum pulse width and attenuation values are set automatically.

Cable Length Distance Range

Unknown Automatic 0 m to 400 m 500 m 400 m to 800 m 1 km 800 m to 1.6 km 2 km

1.6 km to 4 km 5 km 4 km to 8 km 10 km 8 km to 16 km 20 km 16 km to 40 km 50 km 40 km to 80 km 100 km 80 km to 160 km 200 km 160 km to 240 km 300 km 240 km to 320 km 400 km 320 km to 410 km 512 km

Pulse Width

The pulse width has the following characteristics.

• A short pulse width enables you to measure with a high resolution, but you cannot measure long distances.

• A long pulse width enables you to measure long distances, but you cannot measure with a high resolution.

The pulse widths that you can select vary depending on the distance range, as shown in the following table.

Distance Range Selectable Pulse Widths

500 m 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 500 ns 1 km 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 500 ns, 1 μs 2 km 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 500 ns, 1 μs 5 km 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 500 ns, 1 μs 10 km or 20 km 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 500 ns, 1 μs 50 km or greater 3 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, 50 ns, 100 ns, 200 ns, 500 ns, 1 μs, 2 μ, 5 μs, 10 μs, 20 μs

• When the distance range is set automatically, you cannot select the pulse width.

• When you specify the pulse width, the attenuation is automatically set to the optimum value.

Also, dead zones are larger with long pulse widths.

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Attenuation

If large reflections are caused by optical connectors or by breaks in the optical fiber, the waveform may be saturated. Specify attenuation to prevent the waveform from being saturated. The attenuations that you can select vary depending on the pulse width, as shown in the following table.

Pulse Width Selectable Attenuations

3 ns to 50 ns 0 dB, 2.50 dB, 5.00 dB, 7.50 dB, 10.00 dB, 12.50 dB, 15.00 dB

100 ns to 1 μs 0 dB, 2.50 dB, 5.00 dB, 7.50 dB, 10.00 dB, 12.50 dB, 15.00 dB, 17.50 dB, 20.00 dB 2 μs to 5 μs 0 dB, 2.50 dB, 5.00 dB, 7.50 dB, 10.00 dB, 12.50 dB, 15.00 dB, 17.50 dB, 20.00 dB,

22.50 dB, 25.00 dB

10 μs, 20 μs 0 dB, 2.50 dB, 5.00 dB, 7.50 dB, 10.00 dB, 12.50 dB, 15.00 dB, 17.50 dB, 20.00 dB,

22.50 dB, 25.00 dB, 27.50 dB, 30.00 dB

• If the distance range or pulse width is set automatically, or if the average method is set to high reflection, you cannot select the attenuation.

• If the waveform is saturated, you cannot perform measurements with high sensitivity, so specify a large value.

IM AQ1200-01EN

If reflections are large, the waveform may be saturated.

3.5 Setting Measurement Conditions

Sample Interval

The maximum number of sample data points is 128000. The shortest sample interval is determined by the distance range.

Normal: The

Hi-Resolution: The AQ1200 uses the shortest sample interval to If you use a short sample interval, you can measure for finer changes. However, the data size of the measured result becomes large. The sample intervals that you can select vary depending on the distance range, as shown in the following table.

Distance Range Selectable Sample Intervals

500 m 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, 1 m 1 km 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m 2 km 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 4 m 5 km 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 4 m, 8 m 10 km 20 cm, 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 4 m, 8 m 20 km 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 4 m, 8 m, 16 m 50 km 1 m, 2 m, 4 m, 8 m, 16 m 100 km 1 m, 2 m, 4 m, 8 m, 16 m 200 km, 300 km 400 km, 512 km

AQ1200 uses the optimum sample interval for the measurement method to

perform measurements.

4 m, 8 m, 16 m, 32 m

Average Method

Hi-Speed

In Hi-Speed mode, all sections are measured according to the specified attenuation. If the specified

attenuation value is not appropriate and a large reflection occurs, the waveform for that section may

be saturated.

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Hi-Reflection

In Hi-Reflection mode, the AQ1200 can perform measurements correctly even if large reflections

(excluding extremely large reflections caused by sections of the fiber such as the open end of

the fiber) occur. In Hi-Reflection mode, the AQ1200 sets the optimum attenuation according to

the backscattering light level for each section, and performs the measurement. Therefore, the

measurement time is longer than in Hi-Speed mode. The partitioning of the optical fiber into

sections and the specifying of the optimum attenuation are done automatically.

Note

We recommend that you use Hi-Speed mode when you are measuring a short optical fiber that has no reflections.

Average Unit

Duration: Measurements are performed only over the specified duration. If you specify a short

imes: Measurements are performed only the specified numb

duration, depending on the measurement conditions, measurements may not have finished when the specified time elapses.

er of times.

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3.5 Setting Measurement Conditions

Average Count and Average Duration

You can select the following values.

Duration: 5sec, 10sec, 20sec, 30sec, 1min, 3min, 5min, 10min, 20min, 30min Sec is seconds, and min is minutes. Times: 2^10 (1024 times), 2^11 (2048 times), 2^12 (4096 times), 2^13 (8192 times), 2^14 (16384

times), 2^15 (32768 times), 2^16 (65536 times), 2^17 (131072 times), 2^18 (262144 times), 2^19 (524288 times), 2^20 (1048576 times)

2^10 is 2 to the power of 10 (1024 times).

•

The maximum average count is 2^20. If you specify a duration to average over that causes this

number of times to be exceeded, the measurement will finish before the duration to average over elapses.

• Due to the influence of other measurement conditions, a measurement may take less time than the duration you have specified or it may not complete when the specified duration elapses.

• If you specify a large value for the number of times or the duration, you can perform highly precise measurements, but the measurement time becomes longer. Keep the the loss of the optical fiber under measurement in mind when you specify these values.

• The display of the duration or the number of times is determined by the specified average unit.

• If

Auto is selected, one of the options above is used.

Event Search

The event search is a feature that automatically searches for losses and reflections in the data that is acquired during averaged measurements. On the waveform, detected losses or reflections are known as events. For details on analyzing detected events, see chapter 7.

Automatic:

Manual:

After averaged measurements complete, events are automatically searched for and

listed, and the event analysis menu is displayed. After averaged measurements complete, the waveform is displayed, but events are not searched for.

AQ1200’s dynamic range and

Auto Save

You can configure the AQ1200 to automatically save the measured data that it has acquired to the specified folder after averaged measurements complete.

Off:

On: Measured data is saved automatically when averaged measurements complete.

Note

Measured data is not saved when averaged measurements complete. For details on saving data manually, see section 18.2.

• If auto save is turned on, measured data is automatically saved after averaged measurements complete, so be sure to specify the folder where measured data will be saved to before you start measuring.

• If you want to change the selected drive, first set Auto Save to On.

You cannot change the selected drive while Auto Save is set to Off.

• For the file name format settings, see section 18.2.

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3.5 Setting Measurement Conditions

Fiber-in-Use Alarm

Some models in the AQ1200 Series use the same wavelength that is used in real communication to make measurements. If communication light is present in the optical fiber that you want to measure, the communication will be affected. When this communication light is present, we say that the fiber is in use. The fiber-in-use alarm is a feature that checks if communication light is being transmitted along the optical fiber that you are trying to measure. If the fiber is in use, an alert message is displayed that suggests you stop the measurement. If the input level of the communication light is –20 dBm to 0 dBm, to prevent damage to the AQ1200, the alert message is displayed repeatedly. If this occurs, stop measuring. For details on starting and stopping measurements, see chapter 4. For details about the message, see section 19.2. On the AQ1200B and AQ1200C, because the light received at the wavelength for optical communication is blocked (not detected), fiber-in-use alarms do not occur.

Plug Check

The plug check is a feature that checks the state of the connection between the AQ1200 and an optical fiber. When you turn this feature on, you can prevent light from being transmitted from the AQ1200 light source port if an optical fiber is not connected to the AQ1200 or if the fiber is not connected correctly.

f: Plugs are not checked.

Plugs are checked.

On:

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

PON (Passive optical network)

If the optical fiber that you are trying to measure is connected to a PON system, because an optical splitter for splitting the optical fiber is installed in the system, you will not be able to measure optical pulses that are reflected from a position further away than the optical splitter using normal measurement. This feature enables you to correctly measure optical pulses that are reflected from positions such as this.

f: Optical pulses excluding those from PON systems can be measured.

PON system optical pulses can be measured.

On:

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3.6 Setting Analysis Conditions

Set the fault event to On or Off.

If you set it to On, the following screen appears.

Set Mode to “Detail.” Displays the specified wavelength Set the index of refraction (1.30000 to 1.79999). Set the backscattering light level (–10.00dB to –64.99dB). Set the approximation method (marker; LSA, TPA). Set the approximation method (event; LSA, TPA).

Set the event’ s splice loss (0.01dB to 9.99dB). Set the event’ s return loss (20dB to 70dB). Set the end of fiber (Fresnel reflection; 3dB to 65dB).

Turns splitter detection on or off Threshold for splitter detection

Set the fault event’s splice loss (0.01dB to 9.99dB). Set the fault event’s return loss (20dB to 70dB).

Set the fault event’s PASS/FAIL judgement display (Display, Hide).

Initializes the settings

Press to reset the settings to their factory defaults.

Set Mode to “Multi WL.”

Set macro bending to On or Off.

If you set it to On, the following screen appears.

Turns the macro bending (bending loss) display on or off

Set the macro bending threshold (0.001dB to 99.999dB).

Procedure

Analysis Setup Screen

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP and then the Analysis Setup soft key.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, set Mode to Detail or Multi WL to display the following

screen.

Detail Mode

Multi WL Mode

For each wavelength set in the measurement conditions, set the index of refraction and backscatter

level. In addition to the settings for Detail mode, you can set macro bending (bending loss).

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Explanation

1 2

Approximated line calculation range

Index of Refraction

The AQ1200 uses indices of refraction in the calculations that it performs to measure distance. If you do not set the correct index of refraction, the distance measurement will be incorrect. The AQ1200 has the following preset indices of refraction that correspond to each wavelength.

You can specify a value from 1.30000 to 1.79999.

Backscattering Light Level

Light that travels through an optical fiber displays a phenomenon known as Rayleigh scattering. Due to this phenomenon, a portion of the light is sent backwards, in the direction opposite to the direction of propagation. This phenomenon is known as backscattering. The backscattering light level setting is used when the AQ1200 calculates the return loss and total return loss. If you do not set the correct backscattering light level, the return loss and total return loss measurements will be incorrect. The AQ1200 has the following preset backscattering light levels that correspond to each wavelength.

You can specify a value from -10.00 to -64.99.

1310 nm: 1.46000 1550 nm: 1.46000 1625 nm: 1.46000 1650 nm: 1.46000

1310 nm: 1550 nm: –52 dB 1625 nm: –53 dB 1650 nm:

–50 dB

–53 dB

3.6 Setting Analysis Conditions

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

Approximation Method

When the AQ1200 calculates splice loss, it extrapolates straight lines. These straight lines are known as approximated lines. There are the following two kinds of approximated lines.

•

Least squares approximation (written as LSA below)

• Two point approximation (written as TPA below)

LSA

The AQ1200 calculates the loss between two points by using the least squares method on all the

data between the two points.

This method has the following characteristics.

Merits: Because all the data between the two points is used, errors in the calculated value

are small.

Fluctuations in the calculated values are reduced, and highly reproducible values can

be obtained.

Demerit: If a large reflection or splice loss is present in the section whose loss is being

calculated, those values are also included in the calculation, so large errors result.

If no reflection and splice loss events are present in the sectio

a value that has a smaller degree of error than the TP

n being calculated, the LSA provides

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Approximated line calculation points

3.6 Setting Analysis Conditions

TPA

The AQ1200 uses the difference between the levels of the two specified points to calculate the loss.

The level of fluctuation and reproducibility in the calculated value may vary greatly. If reflection and splice loss events are present in the section being calculated, the TPA provides a value that has a smaller degree of error than the LSA.

Event Search Conditions

Splice Loss

If a splice loss that exceeds the specified threshold occurs, it is detected as an event. The range is 0.01 dB to 9.99 dB.

Return Loss

If a return loss that is less than or equal to the specified threshold occurs, it is detected as an event.

The larger the reflection, the smaller the return loss, so events (reflections) are detected when the return loss is less than or equal to the threshold.

The range is 20 dB to 70 dB.

Fiber Ends (Fresnel reflection)

If a reflection that exceeds the specified threshold occurs, it is detected as the end of the fiber. The range is 3 dB to 65 dB.

Splitter Search

ON Losses (reflections) that exceed splitter loss are displayed as splitters. The threshold at the end of the fiber is automatically set to its maximum value. OFF Losses (reflections) that exceed splitter loss are displayed as normal events.

Splitter Loss

Events whose loss exceeds this value are assumed to be splitters.

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Judgment result

Fault event

3.6 Setting Analysis Conditions

Fault Events

Display

Events that are greater than or equal to the specified threshold (or reflections that are less than or

equal to the specified threshold) are displayed as fault events.

Off:

On: Events that have exceeded their threshold values are displayed with an asterisk

Splice Loss and Return Loss

Set the threshold values that are used to display events as faults.

Splice loss: The range is 0.01 dB to 9.99 dB. Return loss: The range is 20 dB to 70 dB.

Because the end of fibers is handled as either a splice loss or a reflection, there is no fault event

just for the end of fibers.

PASS/FAIL Judgement

If you have turned the fault event display on, you can display the result of PASS/FAIL judgment in

the lower left of the waveform display area.

Display: FAIL or PASS and the number of fault events are displayed. Hide: The judgment is not displayed.

Events that have exceeded their threshold values are not displayed with an asterisk attached to them.

attached to them.

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

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Detection of a bending loss

Move the cursor to a bending loss event to display the values.

1550 nm wavelength

1310 nm wavelength

Bending loss events are displayed in this event list.

3.6 Setting Analysis Conditions

Macro Bending (Bending Loss)

When an optical pulse measurement is performed in Multi WL measurement mode, you can compare the difference between the splice losses at wavelengths of 1310 nm and 1550 nm and display on the screen bending loss events that are caused by bends in the fiber.

Display

This function displays the detected bending losses in the event list on the event screen when optical

pulses are measured.

On: The bending losses are displayed in the event list. Off: The bending losses are not displayed in the event list.

Threshold

This is the threshold of the difference between the splice losses of the 1310 nm wavelength and the

1550 nm wavelength when optical pulses are measured.

When the difference between the splice losses of the two wavelengths for the same event is larger

than this value, the event is detected as a bending loss.

In this example, the current trace has been set to the waveform with 1550 nm wavelength. The waveform with 1310 nm wavelength, which is the waveform being compared, is displayed in

gray.

If you switch the current trace to the waveform with 1310 nm wavelength, the waveform with 1550

nm wavelength, which is the waveform being compared, will be displayed in gray. In this situation, the bending loss event for 1550 nm wavelength (event number 3) will be displayed on the waveform with 1310 nm wavelength, which is the current trace.

Note

• If the waveforms of the two wavelengths are not being acquired, bending losses cannot be detected.

• The waveform being compared (displayed in gray) is not displayed when Display next to Macro Bending is set to Off.

• For details on the event list, see chapter 7.

• For details on switching the current trace, see section 4.2.

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3.7 Setting the Pulse Light Output Level

Set the pulse light output level (Low, Normal).

Procedure

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP, the System Setup soft key, and then the OTDR soft key to display the following

screen.

Explanation

Pulse Light Output Level

The AQ1200B uses an optical pulse wavelength of 1625 nm. The AQ1200C uses an optical pulse wavelength of 1650 nm. Even though these differ from the wavelength for optical communication, if communication light is present in the optical fiber (the fiber is in use), the communication itself may be affected. If a filter that blocks measurement light at 1625 nm or 1650 nm is not attached to the optical fiber that you are trying to measure, you can perform measurements without affecting the communication light that is present in the optical fiber by lowering the pulse light output level. Normal: Low:

Pulse light is generated at the maximum power.

Pulse light is generated at low power.

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

You cannot set the pulse light output level on the AQ1200A or AQ1205A.

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3.8 Giving Notifications When Installations Are

Configure the work completion notification.

Press ENTER to display the Work completion notice setting dialog box. (See the Work completion notice setting dialog box below.)

Turns notifications on or off

Set how to display the real-time measurement confirmation message

(No Check, Check only once, Check everytime).

Turns the alarm notification upon work completion on or off

Turns the message display upon work completion on or off

Work start position

Distance

Level

Extension work point (splice, connection, etc.)

CheckPoint

Completion notification cursor position during optical fiber extension

Work completion point

CheckPoint

Work completion notification cursor position

50 km 100 km

(Event)

Complete

Procedure

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP, the System Setup soft key, and then the OTDR soft key to display the following

screen.

Work Completion Notice Setting Dialog Box

Configure the work completion notification.

Explanation

Before you check whether the work is complete, move the cursor to the fiber end point after the optical fiber has been installed (the extension work point or the work completion point) and turn on the work completion confirmation notification. When the fiber end detection position (the event) during real-time measurement is the same as the cursor position (CheckPoint), the AQ1200 gives a notification that the installation is complete.

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3.8 Giving Notifications When Installations Are Complete

Message Display

Off: Messages are not displayed. On: Completion messages are displayed on the screen.

Alarm

Off: The AQ1200 does not sound an alarm. On: The AQ1200 sounds an alarm.

Confirmation

When the AQ1200 checks the work completion, a message confirming whether you have set the cursor to a position that is a little after the installation point is displayed. No Check: The confirmation message is not displayed. Check only once:

Check everytime: The message is displayed each time before the AQ1200 performs work

After you start the AQ1200, the message is only displayed before the AQ1200

performs work completion notification for the first time.

completion notification.

Optical Pulse Measurement and Analysis Conditions

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Set the wavelength (1310nm, 1550nm).

You cannot set the wavelength on the AQ1200B and AQ1200C.

Set the distance range (Auto, 500m, 1km, 2km, 5km, 10km, 20km, 50km, 100km, 200km, 300km, 400km, 512km).

Set the pulse width (Auto, 3ns, 10ns, 20ns, 50ns, 100ns, 200ns, 500ns, 1µs, 2µs, 5µs, 10µs, 20µs).

Press to configure marker settings.

(See section 6.1.)

Waveform display screen

(See section 5.1.)

Set the attenuation (Auto, 0.00dB,

2.50dB, 5.00dB, 7.50dB, 10.00dB,

12.50dB, 15.00dB, 17.50dB, 20.00dB,

22.50dB, 25.00dB, 27.50dB, 30.00dB).

Laser on indication

Chapter 4

Measuring Optical Pulses

4.1 Performing Real-time Measurement

In real-time measurement, you can view waveform changes in real time. You can change the conditions while measurement is being performed.

WARNING

• During measurement, do not remove the optical fiber cable, because light is emitted from the light source port. Visual impairment may occur if the light enters the eye.

• Close the covers of any light source ports that do not have optical fiber cables connected to

them. On models with two or more light source ports, visual impairment may occur if light

that is mistakenly emitted from the wrong port enters the eye.

Procedure

Starting and Stopping Measurements

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press REAL TIME to start the measurement and display the measured waveform on the

screen. The soft key menu switches to the real-time menu.

A mark appears on the display to indicate that the laser light is on.

During real-time measurement, press REAL TIME to stop the measurement. The soft key menu

switches to the OTDR menu.

The mark that indicates that the laser light is on disappears from the display.

Measuring Optical Pulses

Setting the Work Completion Point

Move the cursor to a position that is a little after the installation point.

Press the Completion Check soft key to select ON.

Measurement starts. If the fiber end moves the distance indicated by the cursor position, the

IM AQ1200-01EN

• When Confirmation is set to “Check only once” or “Check everytime”

A message appears asking whether you have moved the cursor to the work completion point. Click OK.

AQ1200 displays a message or sounds an alarm. Press REAL TIME to clear the message or turn off the alarm.

4-1

Set the work completion confirmation (ON, OFF).

Fiber end

Move the cursor to a position that is a little after the installation point. (Example: When the planned installation point is at 30 km.)

You can perform measurements efficiently by moving the cursor to a position a little after the installation point (depending on how fast fiber will be installed). This is because the AQ1200 notifies you of the work completion, which is your sign to measure the connection loss at that point (splice, connection, etc.).

If work completion notification is turned on, “CheckPoint” is displayed at the cursor.

4.1 Performing Real-time Measurement

Note

The Completion Check soft key is only displayed when work completion notification is turned on. For the setup procedure, see section 3.8. Work completion confirmation is turned off automatically when measurement is stopped.

Explanation

Real-time Measurement

Measurement conditions are set before the actual measurement takes place, but during real-time measurement you can change the measurement conditions and adjust markers and the cursor. When you stop the measurement, the AQ1200 returns to the previous screen.

•

In Simple (Full-Auto) mode, you can only change the wavelength.

ou cannot change the attenuation if the averaging mode is set to Hi-Reflection. For details, see

• Y section 3.5.

Wavelength Settings

• The “Wavelength 1” that has been set in the Multi WL mode measurement conditions is the default wavelength in real-time measurement.

• On the AQ1200B, the wavelength is fixed to 1625 nm. On the AQ1200C, the wavelength is fixed to 1650 nm.

•

If you set “Wavelength 1” to 1625 nm or 1650 nm on the AQ1200E,

cannot set “Wavelength 2” or “Wavelength 3” to 1310 nm or 1550 nm, which are emitted from a different output port.

AQ1205E, or AQ1205F, you

Installation Completion Notification

Move the cursor to a position a little after the installation point before you perform real-time measurement. If the fiber end detection position is the same as the cursor position when you perform real-time measurement, the AQ1200 displays a message on the screen or sounds an alarm. For details, see section 3.8.

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4.2 Performing Averaged Measurements

Select the marker

(see section 6.1).

Waveform display screen

(see section 5.1)

Laser on indication Averaging duration or progress

In averaged measurements, the data that is acquired from each pulse is averaged and displayed. By performing averaged measurements, you can improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. This is effective when you want to detect faint events that are buried in noise.

Procedure

Starting and Stopping Measurements

WARNING

• During measurement, do not remove the optical fiber cable, because light is emitted from the light source port. Visual impairment may occur if the light enters the eye.

• Close the covers of any light source ports that do not have optical fiber cables connected to

them. On models with two or more light source ports, visual impairment may occur if light

that is mistakenly emitted from the wrong port enters the eye.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press AVG. The measurement begins, and the measured waveform is displayed on the screen.

The Average menu appears. The average time or progress is displayed in the upper right of the screen. During measurement, a mark appears at the top of the display to indicate that the laser light is on.

Measuring Optical Pulses

When the average measurement completes in accordance with the specified conditions, the

measurement stops automatically.

The OTDR menu appears.

To stop the average measurement in progress, press AVE.

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4-3

Switches the current trace (1310nm, 1550nm)

Duration to average overProgress bar at 71%

4.2 Performing Averaged Measurements

Switching the Current Trace (in Multi WL mode)

Press the Current Trace soft key to switch the current trace.

Explanation

Averaged Measurement

A progress bar is displayed during averaged measurement. When the measurement finishes, the progress bar stops automatically. If you set Avg Duration to Auto, the duration to average over is displayed at the top of the screen. If you specify a setting other than Auto, a value that indicates the progress is displayed. When the measurement completes correctly, 100% is displayed. The time that the measurement takes to complete varies depending on settings such as the distance range and the average count. If you are using markers to perform an averaged measurement, when the measurement completes correctly (100%), the AQ1200 automatically closes the marker measurement screen. If Event Search is set to Auto, the event screen appears when the measurement is completed correctly.

Measured data can automatically be saved when averaged measurements are completed. For the setup procedure, see section 3.5.

Current Trace

You can only analyze the current trace using markers and cursors. In Multi WL measurement mode, the Current Soft key is enabled when measurement of multiple wavelengths are completed. Press the Current Trace soft key to select the waveform that you want to analyze.

Limitations on Multi Wavelength Trace Display

When you are in the event analysis menu, only the current trace is displayed. When you finish event

analysis, the multi wavelength trace display returns.

Disabling of the Multi Wavelength Trace Display

In the following situations, waveform data other than the current trace is cleared.

• When waveform data is loaded from a file.

• When waveform analysis (multi trace analysis, 2 way trace analysis, or differential trace analysis) is executed.

• When you exit Multi WL measurement mode. The current trace remains displayed.

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4.3 Displaying Snapshot Waveforms

Take/clear a snapshot.

If you press this soft key when “Snapshot” is displayed, a snapshot will be taken of the displayed waveform, and the soft key will switch to display “Clear Snapshot.” If you press this soft key when “Clear Snapshot” is displayed, the snapshot waveform will be cleared, and the soft key will switch to display “Snapshot.”

Snapshot waveform

The waveform is displayed in white.

Waveform being measured

You can measure waveforms while retaining the previous waveform on the screen (a snapshot). The AQ1200 displays the measured waveform and the snapshot waveform at the same time.

Procedure

Snapshot Screen

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Display the waveform on the screen, and then press the Snapshot soft key. The soft key’s

display color changes momentarily, and a snapshot waveform appears.

The text displayed on the soft key changes from “Snapshot” to “Clear Snapshot.”

Measuring Optical Pulses

Explanation

Snapshot

You can also take a snapshot of waveforms that you load from files. For details on loading waveforms, see section 18.2. You cannot take snapshots in Multi WL mode.

IM AQ1200-01EN

4-5

Date and time

See the operation guide, IM AQ1200-02EN.

Value per division on the vertical axis

File name

The name of the measurement data file that is currently displayed is shown here. For details on file names, see section 17.2.

Measurement mode

(See section 3.1.)

Progress during averaged measurements (AVG)

The progress bar behind the characters indicates how far measurement has proceeded. (See section 4.2.)

Remaining battery power/AC

See the operation guide, IM AQ1200-02EN.

Position of the left edge of the screen

When the distance reference is set, the position of the distance reference is 0, and this displays the distance from the distance reference to the position of the left edge of the screen as a negative value.

Distance per division on the horizontal axis

Waveform display area

Sample interval (See section 3.5.)

Position of the right edge of the screen

When the distance reference is set, this displays the distance from the distance reference to the position of the right edge of the screen.

Full screen display of the waveform display area

The section that is displayed in the waveform display area is represented by a box (overview). (See sections

5.2 and 5.3.)

Distance from the horizontal axis’ measurement reference point to the cursor position

(See section 6.1.)

Measurement conditions

(See section 3.5.)

Marker section measured values

The attenuation, distance, and attenuation per km between the markers are displayed.

Splice loss/return loss

The values that are calculated from the specified markers are displayed. (See chapter 6.)

Chapter 5 Waveform Display

5.1 Waveform Display Screen

Procedure

Display Screen

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR to display the following screen.

Waveform Display

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5-1

5.2 Zooming the Waveform Display Scale

Enables zooming

Press this soft key to enable the arrow keys to zoom the display in and out.

Enables moving in the vertical and horizontal directions (See section 5.3.)

Set the amount the cursor moves (Fine, Coarse).

Set whether to move the cursor a small amount or a large amount.

Auto Zoom

Automatically zooms in on the waveform at the cursor position.

Initializes the display scale and position (see section 5.4)

Overview display

This indicates where in the entire waveform display area the currently displayed waveform area is.

Procedure

Switching between Zooming and Moving the Displayed Waveform

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP and then the Scale soft key to display the following screen.

Zooming the Displayed Waveform

Press the arrow keys to zoom the displayed waveform in or out.

Note

You can zoom the waveform during measurement or when measurements are stopped.

5-2

IM AQ1200-01EN

Explanation

Press the left arrow key to zoom the waveform display horizontally.

Cursor position

Press the down arrow key to zoom the waveform display vertically.

Cursor position

Zooming In and Out

You can press the arrow keys to zoom the displayed waveform in or out. When the cursor is displayed, the waveform is zoomed at the cursor position. When the cursor is not displayed, the waveform is zoomed at the left edge of the display.

5.2 Zooming the Waveform Display Scale

Down arrow key: Up arrow key: Zoom out on the waveform in the vertical direction. Left arrow key: Zoom in on the waveform in the horizontal direction. Right arrow key:

Zoom in on the waveform in the vertical direction.

Zoom out on the waveform in the horizontal direction.

Waveform Display

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5-3

When the entire waveform is being displayed

Everything within the box is displayed.

When the display is zoomed horizontally

The area shown within the box is zoomed and displayed in the waveform display area.

When the display is then zoomed vertically

The area shown within the box is zoomed and displayed in the waveform display area.

5.2 Zooming the Waveform Display Scale

Auto Zoom

The auto zoom feature contains the following two types of zoomed displays.

• Zoom the waveform at the cursor position

The cursor on the waveform display screen is shown in the center of the zoomed display.

• Zoom the waveform at event positions

When the AQ1200 has detected events during event analysis, the selected event is zoomed and

displayed.

Overview Display

The overview display is linked to the zoomed waveform display. The blue box indicates where in the entire waveform display area the zoomed waveform display is showing.

5-4

IM AQ1200-01EN

5.3 Moving the Waveform Display Position

Enables moving in the vertical and horizontal directions

Press this soft key to enable the arrow keys to move the display.

Set the amount the cursor moves (Fine, Coarse). See section 5.2.

Enables zooming (See section 5.2.)

Initializes the display scale and position (see section 5.4)

Overview display

This indicates where in the entire waveform display area the currently displayed waveform area is.

Executes auto zoom (See section 5.2.)

When you select to shift the vertical and horizontal axes, “Shift” is displayed.

When you move the screen, the box that represents the display area also moves.

Procedure

Switching between Zooming and Moving the Displayed Waveform

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP and then the Scale soft key to display the following screen.

Waveform Display

Explanation

IM AQ1200-01EN

Moving the Displayed Waveform

Press the arrow keys to move the displayed waveform.

Note

You can move the displayed waveform during measurement or when measurements are stopped.

Shifting the Horizontal and Vertical Axes

You can move the screen by pressing the arrow keys.

Down arrow key: The screen moves down. Up arrow key: The screen moves up. Left arrow key: The screen moves left. Right arrow key: The screen moves right.

Overview Display

The green box indicates where in the entire waveform display area the currently displayed waveform area is.

5-5

5.4 Initializing the Waveform Display Scale

Initializes the display scales

Enables zooming (See section 5.2.)

Enables moving in the vertical and horizontal directions (See section 5.3.)

Executes auto zoom (See section 5.2.)

Set the amount the cursor moves (Fine, Coarse). See section 5.2.

Procedure

Initializing the Display Scale

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP and then the Scale soft key to display the following screen.

Explanation

Initialization

When you initialize the display scale, the waveform is displayed with the total distance range that has been specified.

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IM AQ1200-01EN

5.5 Setting the Waveform Information Display

Configure the shortcut key. (See section 2.3.)

Set the marker mode (Marker, Line).

Set the event fix mode (Mode1, Mode2) (See section 7.2)

Set the distance unit (km, mi(mile), kf(kfeet))*.

System setup screen

Display setup screen

Turns the ghost cursor display on or off Turns the approximated line display on or off Turns the marker information display on or off

Turns the event auto zoom on or off Turns the scale display on or off Turns the tooltip display on or off

Turns the cursor dB value display on or off

Set the pulse light output level (See section 3.7)

Set the cursor display method (CROSS(+), Line( )).

Select the events to display.

* Displayed when the language is not set to “Japanese”

in the system setup.

If set to “Japanese,” you can select whether to display

the return loss or reflection level for the reflection value. (See section 5.5 in IM AQ1200-01JA.)

Example of when the distance unit is set to mile

All the distance units on the screen become miles (mi).

Procedure

Waveform Display Information Setup Screen

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press SETUP, the System Setup soft key, and then the OTDR soft key to display the following

screen.

Waveform Display

Distance Unit

Explanation

You can select the distance unit that is displayed on the screen from the units shown below. If you set the AQ1200 language to JAPANESE, the distance unit is fixed to km. km, mile, kfeet

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5-7

Marker

Line

dB value

Scale display on

Scale display off

Scale value

5.5 Setting the Waveform Information Display

Marker Mode

Marker

Move the cursor to the location that you want to measure, and set a marker. When you are

measuring return loss and splice loss, they are calculated automatically when you set all the markers that are necessary for the measurement method that you are using.

Line

After you select the line marker that you want to operate from a set of multiple line markers, move

the selected line marker directly. The value of the line marker’s section is calculated, and the return loss and splice loss are measured. Each value is calculated in real time as you move the line marker.

Note

Line is often used outside of Japan. Marker is often used within Japan. It is used on existing YOKOGAWA models.

Displaying the Cursor dB Values

You can display not only the distance at the cursor position, but also the dB value.

Off: Only the distance at the cursor position is displayed. On: The distance and the dB value at the cursor position are displayed.

Displaying the Scale

You can display the scale values on the vertical and horizontal axes.

Off: The scale values are not displayed. On: The scale values are displayed.

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IM AQ1200-01EN

Ghost cursor

Turn the rotary knob to move to the next secondary reflection detection point.

Secondary reflection

Distance 2L

Distance L

Optical fiber cable connection

III

5.5 Setting the Waveform Information Display

Ghost Cursors

Ghost cursors are used to check for secondary reflections. A secondary reflection is a reflection that is detected in a location where no event actually occurs.

Off: Ghost cursors are not displayed. On: Ghost cursors are displayed.

Waveform Display

How Secondary Reflections Are Generated

The optical pulse that is generated from position I in the following figure propagates in the direction

of II.

↓

Light ray A that is reflected at connection II is reflected again a

direction of II as light ray B.

At this point, the AQ1200 detects A as an event.

↓

B is again reflected by connection II, and this generates reflected light ray C. At this point, the

AQ1200 detects C as an event.

Because the AQ1200 measures all the reflected light rays, A, C, and D, C is also detected as an

event in the same manner that an actually generated reflection is. Therefore, while there is no actual event in this location, it appears as if an event has in fact occurred.

t connection I and propagates in the

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5-9

Approximated lines

Marker information

Tooltip

5.5 Setting the Waveform Information Display

Approximated Lines

In the 4 Point or 5 Point marker modes, you can display the approximated lines that are used to calculate splice loss or return loss.

Off: Approximated lines are not displayed. On: Approximated lines are displayed.

Marker Information

You can display the distance from the measurement reference point to each marker on the waveform display area.

Off: Marker information is not displayed. On: Marker information is displayed.

Event Auto Zoom

When events have been detected, you can zoom in on the event at the cursor position or the selected event. Each time that you select a different event, the zoom ratio of the vertical and horizontal axes is adjusted automatically. For details about event editing, see section 7.2.

Tooltips

You can configure the AQ1200 to display an explanation screen (Tooltip) for each measurement condition when it is selected.

Off: Tooltips are not displayed. On:

Tooltips are displayed.

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IM AQ1200-01EN

Crosshair display

Line display

Select the items to display.

Preview

5.5 Setting the Waveform Information Display

Selecting the Cursor Type

You can select the cursor type from the following:

Cross(+) Uses a crosshair to indicate a position on the waveform. Line( ¦ ) Uses a line to indicate a position on the waveform.

Event List

In event analysis, you can select which items to display in the event list of the event screen. Up to six items can be displayed in the event list.

Waveform Display

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5-11

Cursor

Chapter 6 Waveform Analysis

6.1 How to Operate the Cursor and Markers

You can use markers to measure values such as the distance, splice loss, or return loss between two points. This section will explain how to operate the cursor and markers. For information on the splice loss and return loss measurements, see sections 6.2 and later.

Procedure

Displaying and Moving the Cursor

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR to display the following screen.

Turn the rotary knob to display the cursor.

Waveform Analysis

Note

• The direction that the cursor moves differs depending on the direction that you rotate the rotary knob. Clockwise: The cursor moves to the right. Counterclockwise: The cursor moves to the left.

• If you turn the rotary knob counterclockwise to the point where the cursor reaches the left side of the screen, the cursor will disappear. If you reach the final measured point, the cursor will not move forward even if you turn the rotary knob clockwise.

Setting the Amount That the Cursor Moves

If you assign Coarse/Fine to a shortcut key, you can select whether the cursor moves a large amount or a small amount each time that you turn the rotary knob.

Coarse: The cursor moves a large amount. Fine:

The cursor moves a small amount.

For the shortcut key setup procedure, see section 2.3.

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6-1

Press to switch to the screen that is used to measure the two-point markers. See “2 Point” later in this section.

Press to switch to the screen that is used to measure the four-point markers. See “4 Point” later in this section.

Switches to the screen that is used to move the measurement reference point

Switches to the screen that is used to delete markers and the cursor

A marker measurement outline is displayed on the screen. For details, see “Explanation” later in this section.

Set marker .

Set marker to the cursor position.

Set marker .

Set marker to the cursor position.

See “Distance Reference” later in this section.

Turns the cursor link on or off

Marker

6.1 How to Operate the Cursor and Markers

Displaying Markers (Marker mode: Marker)

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key to display the following screen.

2 Point Markers

Press the 2 Point Markers soft key shown above to display the following screen.

Note

When you set the marker positions, set them so that the 1 marker is the measurement start point (the distance reference).

6-2

IM AQ1200-01EN

Set marker .

Set marker to the cursor position.

Set marker .

Set marker to the cursor position.

Turns the cursor link on or off

Marker

Set marker Y2.

Set marker Y2 to the cursor position.

Set marker .

Set marker to the cursor position.

Marker Y2

Marker

Press to set all markers together.

See “Distance Reference” later in this section.

Set the distance reference.

Set the distance reference (marker R) to the cursor position.

Delete the distance reference.

Delete the distance reference (marker R).

6.1 How to Operate the Cursor and Markers

4 Point Markers

Press the 4 Point Markers soft key shown on the previous page to display the following screen.

Waveform Analysis

Note

Set the markers in the order shown above, starting with the measurement start point (the distance reference).

Distance Reference

Press the Distance Ref Setup soft key shown on the previous page to display the following

screen.

IM AQ1200-01EN

Note

The color of the displayed waveform to the left of the specified distance reference changes.

6-3

Delete the markers.

Delete the cursor.

Press to switch to the screen that is used to measure the two-point markers. See “2 Point” later in this section.

Press to switch to the screen that is used to measure the five-point markers. See “5 Point” later in this section.

Switches to the screen that is used to move the measurement reference point

Switches to the screen that is used to delete markers and the cursor

A marker measurement outline is displayed on the screen. For details, see “Explanation” later in this section.

6.1 How to Operate the Cursor and Markers

Deleting Markers or the Cursor

Press the Auxiliary Function soft key shown on page 6-2 to display the following screen.

Note

For details on the marker modes, see section 5.5.

Displaying Markers (Marker mode: Line)

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key to display the following screen.

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IM AQ1200-01EN

Set the cursor.

Turn the rotary knob to display and then move the cursor.

Set marker n.

Turn the rotary knob to display and then move marker n.

Set the approximation method (see section 3.4).

Turns the cursor link on or off

Marker n

Marker E

Set marker E.

Turn the rotary knob to display and then move marker E.

Press to set all markers together.

All markers are displayed together.

Select the marker.

Press this soft key to select the marker that you are operating.

Set the approximation method (see section 3.4).

Turns the cursor link on or off

Marker n

Marker E

Marker N

Marker F

Marker f

6.1 How to Operate the Cursor and Markers

2 Point Markers

Press the 2 Point Markers soft key shown on the previous page to display the following screen.

Note

When you set the marker positions, set them so that the n marker is the measurement start point (the distance reference).

Waveform Analysis

IM AQ1200-01EN

5 Point Markers

Press the 5 Point Markers soft key shown on the previous page to display the following screen.

Note

• Only perform collective settings on all the markers when the cursor is displayed.

• Press the soft key to select either the cursor or a marker, and then turn the rotary knob to display and move it. “C” represents that the cursor is selected.

6-5

Splice loss (total loss)

20 km (example)

20 dB (example)

(n in Line mode.)

(E in Line mode.)

Splice loss: Return loss:

– –

20 20

dB/km

Splice loss

1–2

c f

Approximated line Y2–

Splice loss: Return loss:

b c b/c

dB km

dB/km

a dB

e f e/f

dB/km

– –

6.1 How to Operate the Cursor and Markers

Explanation

2 Point Markers

The AQ1200 measures the distance and the loss between two points. If reflection is detected between the two points, the return loss is also measured.

The measured loss value differs depending on the specified approximation method. For details on the approximation methods, see section 3.6.

4 Point Markers

This mode is only enabled when the Marker Mode is set to Marker. The AQ1200 uses the following four points to perform the measurement: the measurement start point the splice loss end point Y2, and the measurement end point difference between the approximated line

and the approximated line Y2–3 is calculated as the

. At the position of marker 2, the level

splice loss.

, the splice loss start point 2,

6-6

IM AQ1200-01EN

NfF

Approximated line F–f

Approximated line n–N

Splice loss: Return loss:

b c b/c

dB/km

a dB

n – E E – f

f e/f

dB/km

6.1 How to Operate the Cursor and Markers

5 Point Markers

This mode is only enabled when the Marker Mode is set to Line. The AQ1200 uses the following five points to perform the measurement: the near-end point (n), a point (N) that is used to calculate the near-end side’s approximated line, a point (E) where splice loss is detected, a point (F) that is used to calculate the far-end side’s approximated line, and the far-end point (f). At the position of marker E, the level difference between the approximated line n–N and the approximated line F–f is calculated as the splice loss.

Waveform Analysis

• The measured loss value differs depending on the specified approximation method.

• Set the correct position for the E line. The splice loss changes greatly depending on the position of E.

Distance Reference

Normally, the location where the AQ1200 and the optical fiber are connected is the measurement reference point. This reference point is the distance reference. It is used to calculate the distance to the cursor and markers. If you are using a dummy fiber to perform measurements, move the distance reference the length of the dummy fiber before performing measurements.

Cursor Link (Moving all markers together)

You can move all markers while maintaining the distance between them.

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6-7

6.2 Measuring Distances

Cursor

Distance from the measurement start position to the cursor

Measurement start position

Distance between markers

By placing the cursor on the acquired waveform, you can measure the distance to events such as reflections and splice losses.

Procedure

Using the Cursor to Measure the Distance

Follow the procedure below to measure the distance between the distance reference and the cursor.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR to display the following screen.

Turn the rotary knob to display the cursor.

Move the cursor to a position where an event is displayed.

Note

• For details on the cursor, see section 6.1.

• The location where the AQ1200 and the optical fiber are connected is the distance reference. To perform more accurate measurements, zoom in on the waveform.

Using Markers to Measure the Distance

Follow the procedure below to measure the distance between two markers.

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key and then the 2 Point Markers soft key to display the following

screen.

Set marker 1 and marker 2 at positions where events are displayed.

6-8

Note

• Place the markers so that marker 1 (or marker n if Marker Mode is set to Line) is the measurement start point (the distance reference). (The figure shown above is an example where Marker Mode is set to Marker.)

• For details on the soft keys, see section 6.1.

IM AQ1200-01EN

6.3 Moving the Distance Measurement Reference

Distance reference (marker R)

Original reference point

If you set the distance reference, the distance from the distance reference to the cursor is measured

Cursor

Point

Procedure

Moving the Distance Reference

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key and then the Distance Ref Setup soft key to display the following

screen.

Turn the rotary knob to move the distance reference (marker R) to the measurement start point.

Waveform Analysis

Note

For details on the soft keys, see section 6.1.

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6-9

6.4 Measuring the Splice Loss

Measurement start position

Set marker .

Splice loss event start position

Set marker .

Splice loss event end position

Set marker Y2.

Measurement end position

Set marker .

Measured splice loss (result)

Near-end point

Set marker n.

Point that is used to calculate the near-end side’s approximated line

Set marker N.

Point where splice loss is detected

Set marker E.

Far-end point

Set marker f.

Measured splice loss (result)

Point that is used to calculate the far-end side’s approximated line

Set marker F.

Procedure

When Marker Mode Is Set to Marker

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key and then the 4 Point Markers soft key to display the following

screen.

When Marker Mode Is Set to Line

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key and then the 5 Point Markers soft key to display the following

screen.

Note

• For details on the soft keys, see section 6.1.

• For details on the marker modes, see section 5.5.

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6.5 Measuring the Return Loss

Event detection start position

Set marker .

Event detection end position

Set marker .

Measured return loss (result)

Peak value

The AQ1200 detects the peak between the markers, and calculates the level between the peak and the rising start point of the event.

Event detection start position

Set marker n.

Event detection end position

Set marker E.

Measured return loss (result)

Peak value

The AQ1200 detects the peak between the markers, and calculates the level between the peak and the rising start point of the event.

Procedure

When Marker Mode Is Set to Marker

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key and then the 2 Point Markers soft key to display the following

screen.

Waveform Analysis

When Marker Mode Is Set to Line

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Marker soft key and then the 2 Point Markers soft key to display the following

screen.

IM AQ1200-01EN

Note

• For details on the soft keys, see section 6.1.

• For details on the marker modes, see section 5.5.

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6.5 Measuring the Return Loss

Explanation

Return Loss

• If “<” is displayed next to the return loss value, the measured waveform is saturated. If the waveform is saturated, the actual reflection value is larger than the value shown. To prevent a waveform from being saturated, you can:

•

Select a large attenuation value, and perform the measurement again.

• Select Hi-Reflection for the average method, and perform the

• Select a large pulse width value, and perform the measurement again.

• When reflections are small (less than or equal to about 0.5 dB), the return loss is not displayed.

measurement again.

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6.6 Displaying Multiple Traces

Load traces to display in Trace 1 to Trace 4.

Load trace data.

The file operation screen appears (see section 17.2).

Moves the trace up

Moves the display position of the loaded trace up.

Moves the trace down

Moves the display position of the loaded trace down.

Clears the displayed traces

Clears the display of the loaded traces.

Selects the current trace (Trace 1, Trace 2, Trace 3, Trace 4)

Procedure

Multi Trace Analysis Screen

Use the rotary knob and ENTER to select OTDR.

Press the Advanced Analysis soft key and then the MultiTrace soft key. The MultiTrace menu

appears.

Waveform Analysis

Explanation

Loading Trace Data

Up to four traces can be loaded. Loaded traces are displayed on a single screen, so you can compare them. The type of file that you can load is SOR. Loaded traces are displayed in line with the current trace. They are displayed at the 0 m position on the horizontal axis or so that their distance references match that of the current trace. Each loaded trace can be moved vertically as you like.

Current Trace

You can select the current trace from Trace 1 to Trace 4. When you expand or reduce the current trace, other traces are adjusted accordingly. Cursors are displayed on the current trace. Return loss and splice loss that are displayed in the measurement conditions are those of the current trace.

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6.7 Combining Two Traces

Selects the current trace (Trace 1, Trace 2)

Executes 2 way trace analysis

The event screen of 2 way trace analysis appears.

Load traces to display in Trace 1 and Trace 2.

The file operation screen appears (see section 17.2).

Screen (Trace+List, List) See section 7.1.

Display type (Reverse, Normal)

Selects the rotary knob function (Cursor, Event)

Procedure

2-WayTrace Screen

Use the rotary knob and ENTER to select OTDR.

Press the Advanced Analysis soft key and then the 2-WayTrace soft key. The following screen

appears.

Explanation

Loading Trace Data

The type of file that you can load is SOR.

Note

Traces that meet the following conditions can be combined.

• Event lists are available.

• The wavelengths and pulse widths of the two traces are the same.

• The distances from the measurement reference (S) to the end event (E) are the same.

6-14

Current Trace

The current trace can be set to one of the combined traces. Cursors are displayed on the current trace.

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Top trace

(end A → end B)

Bottom trace

(end A ← end B)

Distance reference

(0 m position)

of the bottom trace

End point of the top trace

▲

6.7 Combining Two Traces

Event Screen of 2 Way Trace Analysis

The horizontal axes of the combined traces are aligned so that the end point of the top trace (end A → end B) match the 0 m position (distance reference) of the bottom trace (end A ← end B).

As shown in the above figure, markers are added only to the trace in which events are found. Event numbers are the same as the event list numbers after the combining of the traces.

Display Type

• Reverse: The display direction of the trace that is not the current trace is reversed.

• Normal: The display direction of the trace that is not the current trace is not reversed.

Waveform Analysis

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6-15

6.8 Displaying Differential Traces

Selects the current trace (Trace 1, Trace 2)

Executes differential trace analysis

The differential trace analysis screen appears.

Load traces to display in Trace 1 and Trace 2.

The file operation screen appears (see section 17.2).

When marker mode is set to Marker When marker mode is set to Line

Procedure

Differential Trace Screen

Use the rotary knob and ENTER to select OTDR.

Press the Advanced Analysis soft key and then the Diff. Trace soft key. The following screen

appears.

Explanation

Loading Trace Data

The type of file that you can load is SOR.

Note

A differential trace of traces that meet the following conditions can be displayed.

• Sample interval

• Measurement start position

Current Trace

The current trace can be set to one of the traces that are used for taking the difference. Cursors are displayed on the current trace. Return loss and splice loss that are displayed in the measurement conditions are those of the current trace.

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6.8 Displaying Differential Traces

Differential Trace Analysis

The differential trace is the result of subtracting the values of the current trace from those of the other trace.

Marker Features

You can place cursors and markers on the differential trace. You can display the distance at each cursor position as well as the following values between

markers.

• Loss (dB)

• Distance (km)

• dB/km

For the operations when marker mode is set to Marker, see “4 Point Markers” in section 6.1.

•

• For the operations when marker mode is set to Line, see “5 Point Markers” in section 6.1.

• The return loss and splice loss of differential traces cannot be saved.

Waveform Analysis

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6-17

6.9 Analyzing Sections

Analysis start position

Set marker S.

Analysis end position

Set marker E.

Set the start point.

Set the start point marker to the cursor position.

Set the end point.

Set the end point marker to the cursor position.

Specify from markers.

When the and markers or the n and E markers are already present, change these markers to the start point and end point markers.

1 2

Press to configure more settings.

See “Adjusting the Reference Level” below.

Set the approximation method (see section 3.4).

Section S–E analysis results

Marker position

Set the reference level adjustment.

Set marker to the cursor position.

Clear the settings.

Press this to delete the start point, end point, and reference level adjustment markers.

Marker

This is the reference point for the return loss measurement. The measured value between S and E is the splice loss, but the measured value between and E is the return loss. In the example shown here, the return loss from the event detection point onwards is being measured.

Measured value between and E

Follow the procedure below to measure the return loss and the total loss for the specified section.

Procedure

Section Analysis Screen

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Advanced Analysis soft key, and then the Section Analysis soft key to display the

following screen.

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Adjusting the Reference Level

Press the More soft key to display the following screen.

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Explanation

Section Analysis

In sections 6.2 to 6.5, each item was measured with the distance reference as the reference point, but in section analysis, each item is measured with the location that is specified as the start point within the specified section as the reference point. The distance, return loss, total loss, and loss per division (dB/km) between the S and E markers are displayed on the screen.

Marker Auto Setup

You can automatically set marker 1 or marker n as the start point and marker 2 or marker E as the end point. You can use this feature to automatically set markers on waveform data in which marker and E are already set.

Adjusting the Reference Level

If you set marker B, which represents the reference point, the return loss is measured with this location as the reference. The AQ1200 uses the backscattering light level of the reference point to calculate the return loss. If you do not set the reference point, the start point is used as the reference point.

6.9 Analyzing Sections

and 2 or n

Waveform Analysis

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Chapter 7 Event Analysis

Set the displayed items to “Trace+List.”

Press to move the distance reference (see section 6.3).

Edit or fix events (see section 7.2).

Select the rotary knob function (Cursor, Event).

Press to configure the two-point markers.

See “2 Point Markers” later in this section. For details on the two-point markers, see section 6.1.

Measurement reference point: S

Event number 1

Detected fiber-end event

List display

The analysis results of detected events are displayed in the event list. For setting the items to display in the event list, see section 5.5.

Waveform display

Set the displayed items to “List.”

Measurement conditions

For details on the measurement conditions, see section 3.5.

List display

Edit the event list (see section 7.3).

7.1 Displaying the Event Screen

Procedure

Event Screen

Screen display items: Trace+List

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Event Analysis soft key to display the following screen.

Event Analysis

Screen display item: List

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Press the Display soft key to select List. The following screen appears.

7-1

7.1 Displaying the Event Screen

Marker

Set the start point to the cursor position.

Marker

Set the end point to the cursor position.

Analysis start position

Set marker .

Analysis end position

Set marker .

Section analysis between and

The section distance and section loss are displayed.

A B

2 Point Markers

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Event Analysis soft key and then the 2 Point Markers soft key to display the

following screen. The distance between marker

and B is measured.

Explanation

Event Screen

Event Number

A number is displayed on the waveform next to the event. The numbers are ordered from the left

of the display. If there is an asterisk to the left of an event’s number, the event is a fault event. For details about fault events, see section 3.6.

Distance

The distance from the measurement reference point to each event is displayed. If you move the

distance reference, which is the measurement reference point, the distance from the distance reference to each event is displayed. For details about the distance reference, see section 6.3.

Splice Loss

The splice loss for each event is displayed. When the fault event display is turned on, splice losses

that exceed the fault event threshold are displayed in red characters.

Return Loss

The return loss for each event is displayed. When the fault event display is turned on, return losses

that exceed the fault event threshold are displayed in red characters.

Cumulate Loss

The loss from the measurement reference point is displayed. If the distance reference is specified,

7-2

the distance reference is the measurement reference point. If the distance reference is not specified, the measurement reference point (S) is the measurement reference.

Event Types

The type of each event is displayed using the following symbols.

: Reflection

: Positive splice loss

: Negative splice loss

: Macro bending (bending loss)

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7.1 Displaying the Event Screen

Section Group Index (Section IOR)

The index of refraction between events is displayed.

Rotary Knob Feature

You can select the operation that occurs when you turn the rotary knob from the following.

Cursor: The cursor moves continuously. Event: The cursor moves directly between detected events.

Event Detection

Events are detected automatically. For details, see section 3.5.

Event Analysis

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7.2 Editing Events

Inserts an event

You can insert events when Cursor is selected on the Rotary Knob soft key.

Deletes an event

You can delete events when Event is selected on the Rotary Knob soft key.

Selects the rotary knob function (Cursor, Event)

Turns the event position fix feature on or off

ON: Event positions are fixed. OFF: Event positions are not fixed.

Edit event markers.

See “Editing an Event Marker” described later.

A virtual event is inserted at the cursor position.

The inserted event is added to the event list.

There may be cases where, because the backscattering light level is too small at a reflection point in an optical fiber, the reflection cannot be detected as an event, or there may be cases where noise is detected as an event. In such cases, you can adjust the events by editing them as follows:

•

Inserts events

• Deletes events

• Edit event markers

•

Turn the event position fix feature on and off

Procedure

Editing Events

Using the rotary knob and ENTER, select OTDR.

Press the Event Analysis soft key and then the Event Edit/Fix soft key to display the following

screen.

Inserting an Event

Press the Rotary Knob soft key to select List. Press the Ins. Event soft key. The following

screen appears.

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7.2 Editing Waveforms

The selected event’s color changes.

The event is deleted virtually. When the event is deleted, the subsequent event numbers are each decreased by one.

The deleted event is deleted from the event list.

Set the rotary knob function to Cursor.

Sets marker . Marker moves to the cursor position.

Set marker Y2.

Marker Y2 moves to the cursor position.

Sets marker .

Marker moves to the cursor position.

Detail display

Deleting an Event

Press the Rotary Knob soft key to select Event.

Use the rotary knob to select the event that you want to delete. Press the Del. Event soft key.

Editing an Event Marker

You can move an event marker to recalculate return loss and splice loss.

Press the Rotary Knob soft key to select Event.

Turn the rotary knob to move the cursor to the event that you want to edit.

The selected event’s color changes.

Press the Event MarkerEdit soft key. The Event MarkerEdit menu appears, and event markers

are displayed.

Event Analysis

When Marker Mode Is Set to Marker

Turn the rotary knob to move the cursor on the waveform to the position that you want to move

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an event to.

Press the appropriate event marker soft key.

The event moves to the cursor position. The reflection loss and splice loss are recalculated and displayed in the detail display area at the bottom of the screen.

Note

For details on each event marker, see “4 Point Markers” in section 6.1.

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7.2 Editing Waveforms

Set the rotary knob function to Cursor.

Selects an event marker (C, n, N, E, F, f)

Press this soft key to select the event marker that you want to move.

When Marker Mode Is Set to Line

Press the Select soft key to select the event marker that you want to move.

Turn the rotary knob to move the event marker.

The reflection loss and splice loss are recalculated and displayed in the detail display area at the bottom of the screen.

Note

For details on each event marker, see “5 Point Markers” in section 6.1.

Explanation

Inserting Events

• The event list can display up to 100 events.

• If you insert an event between two events that are displayed, the new event takes on the number

• You cannot insert events to the left of the distance reference. Y

• If you insert an event to the right of the E event, the inserted event becomes the E event, and a new

Deleting Events

• If only the S point and the E event are displayed, you cannot delete any events.

• If you delete an event, the subsequent event numbers will all be reduced by one.

• You cannot delete the S point.

• If you set a distance reference (R point), the S point disappears from the screen. In this situation,

• If you delete the E event, the event that has the largest number becomes the E event.

Editing Event Markers

Event markers are used to calculate the splices losses and reflection losses at event positions. Normally, event markers are automatically assigned, but when event markers are assigned to noise and other undesirable waveforms, correct values cannot be calculated. In such cases, you can obtain correct values by moving event markers.

that follows the event on the left, and all subsequent event numbers are increased by one. You cannot insert events to the left of the S point.

ou can use the Distance Ref Setup

soft key to move the distance reference. For details about the distance reference, see section 6.3.

number is assigned to the former E event.

the measurement reference point is the distance reference. If you delete the distance reference, the S point is displayed again at its original position.

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Turning the Event Position Fix Feature On and Off

Event positions can be fixed. Fixed events are handled as master events. You can configure the AQ1200 so that in subsequent event analysis only master events are handled.

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Events other than fixed events are also detected.

An earlier event is detected, so the number of this fixed event is updated (changes from 3 to 4).

Not detected even when an event exists.

7.2 Editing Waveforms

How the events that are detected at positions other than the master event positions are displayed varies depending on the Event Fix Mode as follows:

When Event Fix Mode Is Set to Mode1

Events detected at positions other than the master event posit

ions are displayed in the event list.

When Event Fix Mode Is Set to Mode2

Only the events that are detected at the master event positions are displayed in the event list.

Note

For setting the Event Fix Mode, see section 5.5.

Event Analysis

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7.3 Editing the Event List

Edit the distance.

Edit the section group Index.

Edit the return loss (see section 6.5).

Move the cursor to the event that you want to edit.

Procedure

Editing Events

Use the rotary knob and ENTER to select OTDR.

Press the Event Analysis soft key and then the Display soft key to select List.

Use the arrow keys or the rotary knob to move the cursor to the event that you want to edit.

Press the List Edit soft key. The List Edit screen appears.

Explanation

Editing Distances

• When you change the distance of an event, the section group index (section IOR) is recalculated.

• When you change the distance of an event but the event cannot be set at the specified position, the distance is adjusted to a position where the event can be set.

• Changing the distance of an event affects the values of other events.

ou cannot change the distance of the distance reference (point R).

• Y

Editing Return Losses

When you change the return loss of an event, the backscatter level is recalculated. The return losses of other events are measured on the basis of the recalculated backscatter level.

Editing Section Group Indices (Section IORs)

• When you change the section group index of an event, the distance is recalculated.

• You cannot change the section group index of the distance reference (point R).

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IM AQ1200-01EN

Yokogawa AQ1200 Otdr User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Conventions Used in This Manual

Contents

Chapter 1 Features

1.1 Overview

1.2 Optical Pulse Measurement

1.3 Waveform Display

1.4 Waveform and Event Analysis

1.5 Light Source and Optical Power Meters (Options)

1.6 Loss Test (Option)

1.7 Multi-Core Loss Test (Option)

1.8 Fault Locator

1.9 Checking Fiber End Faces

1.10 IP Test (Option)

1.11 Multi-Core Fiber Measurement

1.12 Event Mapper

1.13 Other Features

Chapter 2 Common Operations

2.1 Top Screen

2.2 Key, Rotary Knob, and Arrow Key Operations

2.3 Shortcut Keys

2.4 Entering Strings

3.1 Selecting the Measurement Mode

3.2 Selecting the Wavelength

3.3 Automatically Saving Measured Data

3.4 Selecting the Approximation Method (Marker)

3.5 Setting Measurement Conditions

3.6 Setting Analysis Conditions

3.7 Setting the Pulse Light Output Level

4.1 Performing Real-time Measurement

4.2 Performing Averaged Measurements

4.3 Displaying Snapshot Waveforms

Chapter 5 Waveform Display

5.1 Waveform Display Screen

5.2 Zooming the Waveform Display Scale

5.3 Moving the Waveform Display Position

5.4 Initializing the Waveform Display Scale

5.5 Setting the Waveform Information Display

Chapter 6 Waveform Analysis

6.1 How to Operate the Cursor and Markers

6.2 Measuring Distances

6.4 Measuring the Splice Loss

6.5 Measuring the Return Loss

6.6 Displaying Multiple Traces

6.7 Combining Two Traces

6.8 Displaying Differential Traces

6.9 Analyzing Sections

Chapter 7 Event Analysis

7.1 Displaying the Event Screen

7.2 Editing Events

7.3 Editing the Event List