Xantrex GT100-208, GT100-480, GT100-208-NG, GT100-208-PG, GT100-480-NG Operation And Maintenance Manual
...
Xantrex™ GT100
Grid-Tied Photovoltaic
Inverter
GT100-208
GT100-480
Operation and Maintenance Manual
Xantrex™ GT100 Grid-Tied
Photovoltaic Inverter
Operation and Maintenance Manual
About Xantrex
Xantrex Technology Inc. is a world-leading supplier of advanced power electronics and controls with products
ranging from small mobile units to utility-scale systems for wind, solar, batteries, fuel cells, microturbines, and
backup power applications in both grid-connected and stand-alone systems. Xantrex products include inverters,
battery chargers, programmable power supplies, and variable speed drives that convert, supply, control, clean, and
distribute electrical power.
Trademarks
Xantrex and Smart choice for power are trademarks of Xantrex International, registered in the United States and
other countries.
Notice of Copyright
Copyright © September 2008 Xantrex Technology Inc. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or
disclosed to third parties without the express written consent of:
Xantrex Technology Inc.
161-G South Vasco Road
Livermore, California
USA 94551
Exclusion for Documentation
UNLESS SPECIFICALLY AGREED TO IN WRITING, XANTREX TECHNOLOGY INC. (“XANTREX™”)
(
A) MAKES NO WARRANTY AS TO THE ACCURACY, SUFFICIENCY OR SUITABILITY OF ANY TECHNICAL OR OTHER
INFORMATION PROVIDED IN ITS MANUALS OR OTHER DOCUMENTATION.
(
B) ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR LOSSES, DAMAGES, COSTS OR EXPENSES, WHETHER SPECIAL,
DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL, WHICH MIGHT ARISE OUT OF THE USE OF SUCH INFORMATION.
T
HE USE OF ANY SUCH INFORMATION WILL BE ENTIRELY AT THE USER’S RISK; AND
(C) REMINDS YOU THAT IF THIS MANUAL IS IN ANY LANGUAGE OTHER THAN ENGLISH, ALTHOUGH STEPS HAVE BEEN
TAKEN TO MAINTAIN THE ACCURACY OF THE TRANSLATION, THE ACCURACY CANNOT BE GUARANTEED. APPROVED
XANTREX CONTENT IS CONTAINED WITH THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE VERSION WHICH IS POSTED AT
WWW.XANTREX.COM.
Date and Revision
September 2008 Revision B
Manual Part Number
153378
Contact Information
Telephone: 1 800 670 0707 (toll free North America)
Fax: 1 800 994 7828 (toll free North America)
Email: customerservice@xantrex.com
Web: www.xantrex.com
1 408 987 6030 (direct)
About This Manual
Purpose
The purpose of this Operation and Maintenance Manual is to provide explanations
and procedures for operating, maintaining, and troubleshooting the GT100 GridTied Photovoltaic Inverter. Installation instructions are available in the GT100
Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter Planning and Installation Manual (Part
#:153379).
Scope
This Manual provides safety guidelines and information about operating and
troubleshooting the unit.
Audience
This Manual is intended for anyone who needs to operate the GT100 Grid-Tied
Photovoltaic Inverter. Operators must be familiar with all the safety regulations
pertaining to operating high-voltage equipment as dictated by local code.
Operators must also have a complete understanding of this equipment’s features
and functions. Do not to use this product unless it has been installed by a qualified
installer in accordance with the GT100 Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter Planning
and Installation Manual (Part #:153379).
Organization
This Manual is organized into five chapters and two appendices.
Chapter 1, “Introduction” contains information about the features and functions of
the GT100 Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter.
Chapter 2, “Operation” contains information on the basic operation of the GT100
Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter.
Chapter 3, “Commissioning” contains information on safely commissioning the
GT100 Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter.
Chapter 4, “Troubleshooting” contains information and procedures for
troubleshooting the GT100 Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter. It provides
descriptions of common situations and errors that may occur and provides
possible solutions for resolving fault conditions. It also provides instructions for
clearing faults manually, if required.
Chapter 5, “Preventative Maintenance” contains information and procedures for
performing preventative maintenance on the GT100 Grid-Tied Photovoltaic
Inverter.
Appendix A provides the environmental and electrical specifications for the
GT100 Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter.
Appendix B contains the Commissioning Test Record for the GT100 Grid-Tied
Photovoltaic Inverter.
153378 iii
About This Manual
Conventions Used
The following conventions are used in this guide.
WARNING
Warnings identify conditions or practices that could result in personal injury or loss of life.
CAUTION
Cautions identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to the unit or
other equipment.
GT100 Models
Important:
serious as a caution or warning.
This Operation and Maintenance Manual contains information for four models of
the GT100 Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter.
Two of the models are designed to operate with a 208 Vac utility input; one
configured for a negative grounded PV array (GT100-208-NG), and the other
configured for a positive grounded PV array (GT100-208-PG).
•The model GT100-208-NG Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter (208 Vac input,
negative grounded) will be referred to as the GT100-208-NG when it is being
referenced individually.
•The model GT100-208-PG Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter (208 Vac input,
positive grounded) will be referred to as the GT100-208-PG when it is being
referenced individually.
Additionally, two of the models are designed to operate with a 480 Vac utility
input; one configured for a negative grounded PV array (GT100-480-NG), and the
other configured for a positive grounded PV array (GT100-480-PG).
•The model GT100-480-NG Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter (480 Vac input,
negative grounded) will be referred to as the GT100-480-NG when it is being
referenced individually.
•The model GT100-480-PG Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter (480 Vac input,
positive grounded) will be referred to as the GT100-480-PG when it is being
referenced individually.
When all models are being referenced together, they will be referred to as
the GT100.
These notes describe things which are important for you to know, but not as
iv 153378
Abbreviations and Acronyms
ANSI American National Standards Institute
CCU2 Converter Control Unit 2
CFM Cubic Feet per Minute
CW Clockwise
DSP Digital Signal Processor
GUI Graphical User Interface
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
kcmil 1000 circular mils
LM Liter per Minute
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
PSL Phase-Shift Loop
About This Manual
PV Photovoltaic
UFCU Universal Frontpanel Control Unit
VFD Vacuum Fluorescent Display
Related Information
You can find more information about Xantrex Technology Inc. as well as its
products and services at www.xantrex.com.
153378 v
vi
Important Safety Instructions
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS - DO NOT DISCARD
This manual contains important safety instructions for the GT100 Grid-Tied
Photovoltaic Inverter that must be followed during installation and maintenance
procedures.
WARNING: Shock Hazard
Read and keep this Operation and Maintenance Manual for future reference.
Before operating and maintaining the GT100, read all instructions, cautionary markings,
and all other appropriate sections of this manual. Failure to adhere to these warnings could
result in severe shock or possible death. Exercise extreme caution at all times to prevent
accidents.
WARNING: Shock Hazard
• The GT100 enclosure contains exposed high voltage conductors.
• The enclosure doors should remain closed with the latches tightened, except during
installation, maintenance or testing.
• These instructions are for use by qualified personnel who meet all local and
governmental code requirements for licensing and training for the installation of
Electrical Power Systems with AC and DC voltage to 600 volts.
• To reduce the risk of electric shock, do not perform any servicing other than that
specified in the installation instructions unless you are qualified to do so.
• Do not open the cabinet doors if extreme moisture is present (rain or heavy dew).
WARNING: Lethal Voltage
In order to remove all sources of voltage from the GT100, the incoming power must be deenergized at the source. This may be done at the main utility circuit breaker, the PV array
disconnect, and by opening the AC Disconnect and the DC Disconnect Switch on the
GT100. Review the system configuration to determine all of the possible sources of
energy. In addition, allow five minutes for the DC bus capacitors to discharge after
removing power. Follow the “Lockout and Tag (De-energize/Isolation Procedure)”
procedure on page xii to de-energize the GT100.
WARNING: Shock hazard
If a ground fault has occurred, there may be potential between TB4 and GND. The
normally grounded pole may be energized and ungrounded.
153378 vii
Safety
Risks
WARNING: Shock Hazard
The DC bus capacitors within the GT100 can still be energized for a maximum of five
minutes after being disconnected. Open doors only after the GT100 has been disabled (S3)
and the capacitor bank discharge time has expired. Verify that the capacitors are no longer
energized (DC voltage) including terminals TB3 and TB4.
WARNING: Explosion Hazard
The IGBT module may explode in the event of a major malfunction.The GT100 enclosure
doors should remain closed with the latches tightened, except during maintenance or
testing.
WARNING: Crush Hazard
The inverters have a specific balance point that correlates to their center of gravity and can
fall over. Be very careful when moving the GT100.
WARNING: Amputation Hazard
The inverters contain integrated ventilators including rotating ventilator wheels. Do not
place fingers in ventilator.
WARNING: Burn Hazard
Inverters contain components that become hot during normal operation. Do not touch.
CAUTION
The GT100 incorporates an air supply and exhaust air area, which must remain
unobstructed. The device can overheat and be destroyed if the installation instructions are
not adhered to.
CAUTION
Sensitive electronics inside the GT100 can be destroyed when touched and when
electrostatically charged. Discharge via earth potential before touching and wear
appropriate protective gear.
CAUTION
No connections or disconnections are to be made at the terminal strips or internal
connectors during operation. Turn the unit off before performing any terminal work; wait
five minutes for the capacitors to discharge and recheck to ensure internal components are
no longer energized.
viii 153378
General Safety Precautions
1. When installing the GT100 use only components recommended or sold by
Xantrex. Doing otherwise may result in a risk of fire, electric shock, injury to
persons, and will void the warranty.
2. Do not attempt to operate the GT100 if it has been dropped, or received more
than cosmetic damage during transport or shipping. If the GT100 is damaged,
or suspected to be damaged, see the Warranty section of this manual.
3. To reduce the risk of electrical shock, lock-out and tag the GT100 before
attempting any maintenance, service, or cleaning.
Personal Safety
Follow these instructions to ensure your safety while working with the GT100.
Qualified Personnel
Only qualified personnel should perform the transportation, installation and initial
operation and maintenance of the GT100 in accordance with National Electrical
Code ANSI/NFPA 70, as well as all state and local code requirements. Follow all
national accident prevention regulations.
Safety
Safety Equipment
Qualified personnel, within the meaning of these basic safety regulations, will be
people who are familiar with the installation, assembly, start-up and operation of
the GT100 and have the appropriate qualifications with respect to their functions.
Authorized service personnel must be equipped with standard safety equipment
including the following:
• Safety glasses
• Ear protection
• Steel-toed safety boots
• Safety hard hats
• Padlocks and tags
• Appropriate meter to verify that the circuits are de-energized
(1000 Vac and DC rated, minimum)
Check local safety regulations for other requirements.
153378 ix
Safety
Wiring Requirements
1. All wiring methods and materials shall be in accordance with the National
Electrical Code ANSI/NFPA 70, as well as all state and local code requirements.
• Use copper conductors with an insulation rating of 90°C.
• If installed, the optional Fused Combiner (GTFC) requires the use of copper
conductors with a maximum insulation rating of 75°C.
2. The GT100 has a three-phase, four-wire output.
3. The GT100 is interfaced with the AC utility grid at TB1 (TB1-A, TB1-B, TB1-C
and TB1-N), located in the lower left side of the enclosure. These terminals
require the use of a UL-approved crimp-on type ring terminal or a UL-approved
compression-type lug certified for use with the chosen interface cables. Keep
these cables together as much as possible and ensure that all cables pass through
the same knockout and conduit fittings, allowing any inductive currents to
cancel. For torque values, see Table A-5 on page A–5. See Figure 1-3 on page 5
for the location of these terminals.
4. The AC neutral terminals (H0 and X0), shall be left floating (not connected) on
both the utility and inverter sides of the isolation transformer.
See page xii for details.
5. The GT100 is interfaced with the DC photovoltaic array at either the Fused
Combiner (GTFC) or TB3, as well as TB4 and TB5 (PV GND), located in the
lower right side of the enclosure. Do not connect the grounded power conductor
from the PV array directly to TB5 (PV GND); doing so will bypass the ground
fault detector and violate the NEC.
6. The TB3, TB4, and TB5 terminals require the use of a UL-approved crimp-on
type ring lug or a UL-approved compression-type lug certified for use with the
chosen interface cables. The Fused Combiner assembly includes box style
connectors for cable termination. Keep these cables together as much as possible
and ensure that all cables pass through the same knockout and conduit fittings,
allowing any inductive currents to cancel. For acceptable torque values for the
box style connectors and the TB3, TB4, and TB5 terminals, see Table A-6 and
Table A-7 on page A–5. See Figure 1-5 on page 1–8, Figure 1-6 on page 1–9,
Table 1-1 on page 1–8, and Table 1-2 on page 1–9 for the location and polarity of
these terminals.
7. This product is intended to be installed as part of a permanently grounded
electrical system as per the National Electrical Code ANSI/NFPA 70, as well as
all state and local code requirements. A copper clad earth grounding electrode
must be installed within 3 ft. (1 m) of the GT100 enclosure to ensure compliance
with FCC Part 15, Class A.. The AC ground bus bar (TB2), located in the lower
left side of the GT100 enclosure, must be used as the single point connection to
the earth grounding electrode for the inverter system.
x 153378
8. The equipment grounds on the GT100 are marked with .
9. AC overcurrent protection for the utility interconnect (Grid-tie) must be
provided by the installers as part of the GT100 installation.
CAUTION: Fire Hazard
In accordance with the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, connect only to a circuit
provided with 400 amperes maximum branch circuit overcurrent protection for models
GT100-208-NG and GT100-208-PG, and only to a circuit provided with 200 amperes
maximum branch circuit overcurrent protection for models GT100-480-NG and GT100-480PG.
Inverter Isolation Transformer
The GT100 includes a custom, high-efficiency, isolation transformer. The utility
side windings of the isolation transformer are configured Wye and must match the
voltage at the utility inter-tie. The GT100 is a balanced, three-phase, currentsourcing inverter and only operates with the presence of a stable utility voltage.
The transformer is supplied with a neutral connection on both the Primary and
Secondary windings. Connection of these neutral terminals will affect the
operation of the GT100 and must be left floating or disconnected. Single-phase,
grounded loads which may be present between the transformer and utility, will
maintain their existing ground reference at the utility distribution transformer.
Safety
CAUTION: Equipment Damage
If the Isolation Transformer neutral (H0 and X0) terminals are tied to ground, they may
cause irreparable damage to the GT100. Check local regulations for their requirements
regarding the connection of these neutrals.
Operational Safety Procedures
Never work alone when servicing this equipment. A team of two is required until
the equipment is properly de-energized, locked-out and tagged, and verified deenergized with a meter.
Thoroughly inspect the equipment prior to energizing. Verify that no tools or
equipment have been inadvertently left behind.
153378 xi
Safety
Lockout and Tag (De-energize/Isolation Procedure)
Safety requirements mandate that this equipment not be serviced while energized.
Power sources for the GT100 must be locked-out and tagged prior to servicing. A
padlock and tag should be installed on each energy source prior to servicing.
WARNING: Shock Hazard
Review the system schematic for the installation to verify that all available energy sources
are de-energized. DC bus voltage may also be present. Once all sources of input are
identified and isolated, allow five minutes for all capacitors within the main enclosure to
completely discharge before proceeding.
The GT100 can be energized from both the AC source and the DC source. To
ensure that the inverter is de-energized prior to servicing, lockout and tag the
GT100 using the following procedure.
1. Turn the GT100 main ON/OFF switch (S3) to the OFF position. This stops
the inverter from exporting power to the AC utility grid.
2. Open, lockout, and tag the incoming power at the utility main circuit breaker.
3. Open, lockout, and tag the AC Disconnect (CB1) on the left door of the
GT100. See Figure 1-8 on page 11 for the location of the AC Disconnect.
4. Open, lockout, and tag the incoming power at the PV array disconnect (if
installed.) If a PV array disconnect is not installed, see the WARNING below.
5. Open, lockout, and tag the DC Disconnect Switch (S1) on the right door of the
GT100. See Figure 1-8 on page 11 for the location of the DC
Disconnect Switch.
WARNING: Shock Hazard
Xantrex recommends the installation of PV array disconnect(s) to ensure personal safety
during GT100 maintenance. WITHOUT PV ARRAY DISCONNECT(S), ONCE THE
DC DISCONNECT SWITCH (S1) IS OPEN, THERE WILLSTILL BE DC
VOLTAGE on the DC terminals TB3, TB4 AND TB5 (PV GND). This voltage may be
as high as the open-circuit voltage of the PV Array and is limited to 600Vdc per NEC 690.
Use extreme care to avoid these terminals if no PV array disconnect is installed.
6. Using a confirmed, accurate meter, verify all power to the inverter is deenergized. A confirmed, accurate meter must be verified on a known voltage
before use. Ensure that all incoming energy sources are de-energized by
checking the following locations at all line-to-line and all line-to-ground
configurations.
• AC Utility Terminals: [TB1-A, TB1-B, TB1-C, TB1-N, and
TB2(GND BUS)]
See Figure i on page xiii for the location of these terminals.
• PV Terminals: [TB3, TB4, and TB5 (PV GND)]
See Figure ii on page xiii for the location of these terminals.
xii 153378
Safety
N
A
B
TB1
C
TB2
Figure i
Figure ii
AC Utility Terminals
TB5
(PV GND)
DC Terminals
TB3 TB4
153378 xiii
Safety
Interconnection Standards Compliance
The GT100 complies with FCC Part 15 Class A requirements.
The GT100 is designed to meet NEC Article 690 and UL1741-2005 Static
Inverters And Charge Controllers For Use In Photovoltaic Power Systems, which
includes testing for IEEE 1547.1-2005, IEEE 929-2000 and IEEE 519-2000.
Intended Use
The GT100 may only be used in connection with PV modules. It is not suitable for
any other application areas.
xiv 153378
Contents
Important Safety Instructions
1
Introduction
Description of the GT100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–2
Power Conversion System - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–2
Advanced Design Features - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–2
Physical Characteristics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–3
AC Interface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–5
AC Utility Terminals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–5
Auxiliary Control Interface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–6
Communications Circuit - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–6
Power Electronics - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–7
Converter Control Unit (CCU2) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–7
Power Electronics Matrix - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–7
DC Interface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–8
DC Terminals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–8
Fused Combiner (Optional) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–9
Circuit Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–10
Operator Interface Controls - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–11
On/Off Switch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–12
Emergency Stop (E-STOP) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–12
Auxiliary Enable/Disable - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–12
AC Disconnect and DC Disconnect Switches - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–13
Operation Features - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–14
Fixed Unity Power Factor Operation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–14
Peak Power Tracking - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–14
Utility Voltage/Frequency Fault Automatic Reset - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–15
Safety Features - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–16
Anti-Island Protection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–16
PV Ground Fault Detection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–16
DC Over-voltage Detection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–16
Communication Features and Methods - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–17
System Status and Fault Reporting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–17
Data Logging - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–19
Oscillography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–20
Optional Equipment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–21
Communication Modems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–21
PV Combiner - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–21
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -vii
153378 xv
2
Operation
Description of System Operation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–2
Overview - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–2
Faults - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–2
Operating States - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–3
Shutdown - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–4
Transition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–4
Power Tracking - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–4
Automatic Sleep Test - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–4
Manual Current - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–4
Matrix Test - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–5
Fault - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–5
Operator Interface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–7
UFCU Keypad Operation and VFD Display - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–7
VFD Display - Initialization Screen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–8
Standard Display - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–9
Menu Structure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–9
Read Menu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–10
WRITE Menu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–16
Commanding Goal State Changes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–22
Setting the Date and Time - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–23
Manual State Transitions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–24
Automatic State Transitions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–24
Auto-restart Feature - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–25
Energize Procedure (Startup) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–26
Lockout and Tag - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–26
Computer Communications with the GT100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–28
Contents
3
Commissioning
Commissioning Procedure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–2
Starting the Commissioning Test - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–3
Serial Number - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–3
Inverter Enclosure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–3
Verify AC Voltage - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–3
Verify DC Voltage - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–3
Apply Grid Voltage - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–4
Front Panel Display - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–4
Confirm AC Operational Parameters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–4
Confirm DC Operational Parameters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–4
Confirm Power Tracker Configuration Operational Parameters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–5
Apply DC Voltage - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–5
Matrix Test - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–5
Operate Inverter - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–5
Completed Commissioning - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3–6
153378 xvi
4
Troubleshooting
Faults and Fault Codes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–2
General Troubleshooting - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–3
Clearing Faults Manually - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–4
Fault Code Descriptions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–5
5
Preventative Maintenance
Maintenance Safety - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–2
Operational Safety Procedures - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–2
Lockout and Tag (De-energize/Isolation Procedure) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–2
Maintenance Intervals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–5
Periodic Maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–5
Monthly Intervals or As Required - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–5
Six Month Intervals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–5
A
Specifications
System Specifications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A–2
Environmental Specifications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A–2
Electrical Specifications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A–3
Regulatory Specifications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A–3
Over Voltage, Under Voltage and Frequency Ranges - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A–4
Bolt Sizing and Torque Requirements - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A–5
Dimensions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A–6
Contents
B
Commissioning Test Record
Commissioning Test Record - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -B–3
Warranty and Return Information
Index
153378 xvii
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–1
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - WA–1
xviii
Figures
Figure 1-1 Main Inverter (Open Enclosure View) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–3
Figure 1-2 GT100 Major Sections - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–4
Figure 1-3 AC Utility Terminals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–5
Figure 1-4 Auxiliary Control Terminals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–6
Figure 1-5 DC Terminals- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–8
Figure 1-6 GT Fused Combiner Connectors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–9
Figure 1-7 GT100 Circuit Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–10
Figure 1-8 GT100 Operator Interface Components - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–11
Figure 1-9 On/Off Switch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–12
Figure 1-10 AC and DC Disconnect Switches- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–13
Figure 1-11 Maximum Peak Power Tracking - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–15
Figure 1-12 VFD Display and UFCU Location - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–18
Figure 2-1 State Transition Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–3
Figure 2-2 Operating States Flow Chart for Power Tracking - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–6
Figure 2-3 The Universal Front Panel Control Unit (UFCU) and VFD - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–7
Figure 2-4 Initialization Screens - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–8
Figure 2-5 Operator Interface Menu Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–10
Figure 2-6 Scrolling through the Read Menu - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–12
Figure 2-7 Read-by-ID Feature- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–15
Figure 2-8 State Transition Diagram - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–22
Figure 2-9 VFD showing Fault Code - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–25
Figure 2-10 AC Utility Terminals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–27
Figure 2-11 DC Terminals- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–28
Figure 4-1 VFD showing Fault Code - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–4
Figure 5-1 AC Terminal Connections from the Utility - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–3
Figure 5-2 DC Terminal Locations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–4
Figure 5-3 DC Terminal Locations (with GTFC installed) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5–4
Figure A-1 GT100 Dimensions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A–6
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Tables
Table 1-1 DC Terminal Polarity - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–8
Table 1-2 DC Terminal Polarity (with GTFC) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1–9
Table 2-1 Scrolling through the Read Menu Parameters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–11
Table 2-2 Read Menu Descriptions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–13
Table 2-3 Write Menu Parameters - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2–17
Table 4-1 Fault Codes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4–5
Table A-1 Environmental Specifications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A–2
Table A-2 Electrical Specifications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A–3
Table A-3 Regulatory Specifications- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A–3
Table A-4 Over/Under Voltage and Over/Under Frequency Ranges - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A–4
Table A-5 AC Terminal Bolt Size and Torque Values - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A–5
Table A-6 DC Terminal Bolt Size and Torque Values - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A–5
Table A-7 DC Terminal Conductor Range and Torque Values - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A–5
Table A-8 Auxiliary Control Interface Screw Size and Torque Values - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A–6
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1
Introduction
Chapter 1, “Introduction” contains information about the features and
functions of the GT100 Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter.
Introduction
Description of the GT100
The GT100 Grid-Tied Photovoltaic Inverter is a utility interactive, three-phase
power conversion system for grid-connected photovoltaic arrays with a power
rating of 100 kW. Designed to be easy to install and operate, the GT100 automates
start-up, shutdown, and fault detection scenarios. With user-definable power
tracking that matches the inverter to the array and adjustable delay periods, users
are able to customize startup and shutdown sequences. Multiple GT100 inverters
are easily paralleled for larger power installations.
Power Conversion System
The GT100 power conversion system consists of a pulse-width modulated (PWM)
inverter, switch gear for isolation and protection of the connected AC and DC
power sources. Housed in a rugged NEMA-3R rated, corrosive resistant, powdercoated steel enclosure, the GT100 incorporates sophisticated Insulated Gate
Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) as the main power switching devices. An advanced,
field-proven, Maximum Peak Power Tracker (MPPT) integrated within the
GT100 control firmware ensures the optimum power throughput for harvesting
energy from the photovoltaic array.
Advanced Design Features
The advanced design of the GT100 includes an EMI output filter and the main AC
contactor located electrically on the utility side of the isolation transformer to
minimize transformer tare losses when the unit is not operating.
The GT100 also includes an Inrush Limit assembly to prevent nuisance Utility
Circuit Breaker trips when the isolation transformer is energized.
A sophisticated control scheme optimizes the operation of the GT100 cooling fan
as needed for increased overall system efficiency.
Additionally, the GT100 integrated controller contains self-protection features
including over and under voltage and frequency safeguards in compliance with
UL 1741 Rev 2005.
Anti-islanding An integral anti-island protection scheme prevents the inverter from feeding
power to the grid in the event of a utility outage.
Auto-Phase
Rotation
The GT100 includes the ability to auto-sense and correct for a “mis-phased”
connection at the AC Interface terminals. In the event the power conductors from
the utility are not phased correctly at the AC Interface terminals, the GT100 will
sense the discrepancy and automatically correct for a clockwise (A-B-C)
phase rotation.
1–2 153378
Physical Characteristics
Local Display and
Remote Graphic
User Interface
The GT100 includes a local user interface comprised of an ON/OFF switch,
keypad, and 4-line, 80 character VFD display.
A user-friendly, Xantrex GT View Graphic User Interface (GUI) provides a
remote interface for operator interrogation of GT100 system status, control,
metering/data logging and protective functions within the GT100. The status,
control, and logging features are supported by an optional modem via an RS232
connection for remote monitoring. Alternatively, a user selectable RS485/Modbus
connection is also available for remote plant monitoring.
Physical Characteristics
The GT100 is assembled in a single NEMA-3R, corrosive resistant, powdercoated enclosure that includes two access doors to house the electronics described
above. Internally, the GT100 is compartmentalized to include sections for the AC
Interface (left side), the Power Electronics (upper middle), the Isolation
Transformer (lower middle), and the DC Interface (right side). The single
enclosure is constructed and delivered as one complete assembly.
These sections are identified in Figure 1-2 on page 1–4.
Figure 1-1
153378 1–3
Main Inverter (Open Enclosure View)
Introduction
Power Electronics section
AC Interface
section
Figure 1-2
GT100 Major Sections
1–4 153378
Isolation Transformer section DC Interface
section
AC Interface
AC Utility Terminals
Physical Characteristics
The AC Interface serves as the connection for the utility (see Figure 1-2 to locate
the AC Interface). This compartment (section) houses the AC Terminals (TB1-N,
-A, -B, and -C), AC Disconnect, AC Contactor, and EMI Filter. Additionally, the
Inrush PCB assembly, control power transformer, control fuses, and AC sensing
circuitry are also housed in this section.
Figure 1-3
AC Utility Terminals
Each terminal provides one hole with space for two cables with a M10 bore
diameter (see Table A-5 on page A–5 for torque requirements).
153378 1–5
Introduction
Auxiliary Control Interface
The GT100 has provisions within the AC Interface for installing auxiliary control
signals that include a remote Emergency Stop and a remote Enable/Disable signal.
Auxiliary Control via the remote Enable/Disable signal is advantageous for
coordination of the GT100 at specific installations where a pre-existing back-up
emergency generator is present.
Two separate dry contact circuits at the TB7 terminal are used for control of these
input signals. Circuit termination and signal type are identified in Figure A-8 on
page A–6.
Figure 1-4
Auxiliary Control Terminals
Communications Circuit
The GT100 can be remotely accessed through an RS232 serial port or through an
RS485/Modbus connection. Xantrex offers modems that can be connected to the
RS232 port for remote monitoring. The remote user has the ability to control and
monitor the status of the inverter through this connection.
Alternatively, a user selectable RS485/Modbus connection is also available for
remote plant monitoring. The CCU2 Controller board within the GT100 may be
configured for RS485 serial communication using the Modbus protocol. This
enables users to monitor and control the inverter from a dedicated plant wide
monitoring system.
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