Western Digital WD Purple Reference Manual

TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL
FOR THE FOLLOWING
WD PURPLE™ HARD DRIVE OEM MODELS ONLY

WD21HKVS-78AUUYz

:

© 2020 Western Digital Corporation or its subsidiaries

All Rights Reserved

Information furnished by WD is believed to be accurate and reliable. No license is granted by
implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of WD. WD reserves the right to change
specifications at any time without notice.

Western Digital, WD, and the WD logo are registered trademarks in the U.S. and other countries;
and WD Purple, IntelliSeek, NoTouch, Data Lifeguard, CacheFlow, and FIT Lab are trademarks of
Western Digital Technologies, Inc. Other marks may be mentioned herein that belong to other
companies.

Western Digital
5601 Great Oaks Parkway
San Jose, CA 95119

2679-810067-A00

Document Control Number Definition:

2679-8xxxxx-Axx Axx-Px NRD

Doc Control No. Doc Revision Level Non-Released Document

Axx = Released Version
Px = Review Cycle

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Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES .............................................................................................8

1.1 General Description ........................................................................................................................ 8

1.2 Product Features ............................................................................................................................. 8

2. SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................... 11

2.1 Performance Specifications............................................................................................................11

2.2 Physical Specifications....................................................................................................................11

2.2.1 Physical Dimensions............................................................................................................... 12

2.3 Mechanical Specifications ............................................................................................................. 12

2.4 Electrical Specifications................................................................................................................ 13

2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation.................................................................... 13

2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements ................................................................................................ 13

2.4.3 Voltage Ripple....................................................................................................................... 13

2.5 Environmental Specifications....................................................................................................... 14

2.5.1 Shock and Vibration .............................................................................................................. 14

2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity .................................................................................................. 15

2.5.3 Thermocouple Location ....................................................................................................... 15

2.5.4 Cooling................................................................................................................................... 16

2.5.5 Atmospheric Pressure........................................................................................................... 16

2.5.6 Atmospheric Condition ........................................................................................................ 16

2.5.7 Acoustics................................................................................................................................ 17

2.5.8 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)..................................................................... 17

2.6 Reliability Specification and Characteristics................................................................................ 17

2.7 Connectors and Cables ................................................................................................................. 17

2.7.1 Serial ATA Connectors........................................................................................................... 17

2.7.2 Cabling Requirements for Serial ATA .................................................................................. 17

2.8 Agency Approvals......................................................................................................................... 18

2.9 Full Model Number Specification .................................................................................................. 18

3. PRODUCT FEATURES.........................................................................................................19

3.1 SATA 6 Gb/s ................................................................................................................................. 20

3.2 AllFrame 4K™ Technology ........................................................................................................... 20

3.3 Premium Protection ...................................................................................................................... 20

3.4 IntelliSeek ....................................................................................................................................... 20

3.5 Dynamic Fly Height Control ......................................................................................................... 20

3.6 NoTouch Ramp Load Technology ................................................................................................ 21

3.7 Dual Actuator Technology............................................................................................................. 21

3.8 Advanced Format (AF) ................................................................................................................... 21

3.9 Native Command Queuing (NCQ) ................................................................................................ 21

3.10 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) ............................................................................................... 21

3.11 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT).......................................................................................... 21

3.11.1 Write Same ........................................................................................................................... 22

3.11.2 Temperature Reporting ...................................................................................................... 22

3.12 World Wide Name (WWN) .......................................................................................................... 22

3.13 Reliability Features Set ................................................................................................................. 22

3.13.1 Data Lifeguard™ ...................................................................................................................23

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Table of Contents

3.13.2 Thermal Management..........................................................................................................23

3.13.3 Internal Environmental Protection System........................................................................24

3.13.4 Recoverable Errors .............................................................................................................24

3.13.5 Self Test ................................................................................................................................24

3.13.6 ATA Error Logging ...............................................................................................................24

3.13.7 Defect Management ............................................................................................................24

3.14 Automatic Defect Retirement ...................................................................................................... 25

3.14.1 Error Recovery Process....................................................................................................... 25

3.15 Hot Plug Support........................................................................................................................... 26

3.16 Active LED Status .......................................................................................................................... 26

3.17 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) ...................................................................................................... 26

3.18 Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11) ............................................... 26

3.19 Power Management .......................................................................................................................27

3.20 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)...........................................27

3.21 Security Mode .................................................................................................................................27

3.21.1 Master and User Passwords.................................................................................................27

3.21.2 Security Levels .................................................................................................................... 28

4. ATA COMMAND SET .......................................................................................................29

4.1 Host Interface Commands............................................................................................................ 29

4.1.1 ATA Commands Set (ACS).................................................................................................... 29

4.1.2 SCT Commands..................................................................................................................... 30

4.2 S.M.A.R.T. (B0h) ............................................................................................................................. 30

4.2.1 Read Data Sub-Command..................................................................................................... 31

4.2.2 Supported Attributes............................................................................................................32

4.2.3 Read Log Sector....................................................................................................................33

4.3 Identify Device (ECh) ....................................................................................................................34

4.4 Set Features (EFh) ......................................................................................................................... 41

5. INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES ........................................................................... 42

5.1 Unpacking .......................................................................................................................................42

5.1.1 Handling Precautions .............................................................................................................42

5.1.2 Inspection of Shipping Container ........................................................................................42

5.1.3 Removal From Shipping Container ......................................................................................42

5.1.4 Removal From Static Shielding Bag.....................................................................................43

5.1.5 Moving Precautions ...............................................................................................................43

5.2 Mounting .........................................................................................................................................43

5.2.1 Mounting Restrictions............................................................................................................43

5.2.2 Orientation.............................................................................................................................43

5.2.3 Screw Size Limitations ..........................................................................................................43

5.2.4 Grounding..............................................................................................................................44

5.3 Hard Drive Installation....................................................................................................................44

5.3.1 Jumper Settings .....................................................................................................................44

5.3.2 Attach the Power Supply Cable ..........................................................................................45

5.3.3 Attach SATA Interface Cable................................................................................................45

5.4 Serial ATA Latching Connector.....................................................................................................45

6. MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................ 46

ECHNICAL SUPPORT ...................................................................................................... 47

7. T

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Table of Contents

7.1 WD Online Services........................................................................................................................47

8. THIRD-PARTY NOTICES.................................................................................................... 48

8.1 LZHUF.C.......................................................................................................................................... 48

8.2 EfAesLib.......................................................................................................................................... 48

8.3 A portable, fast, and free implementation of the MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm (RFC 1321)...
52

8.4 Embedded Template Library ....................................................................................................... 52

8.5 uTensor............................................................................................................................................53

9. GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................... 57

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List of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Mounting Dimensions ................................................................................................................. 12

Figure 2-2 Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location............................................................................ 15

Figure 2-3 Forced Airflow Direction............................................................................................................ 16

Figure 5-1 Jumper Settings...........................................................................................................................44

Figure 5-2 Connector Locations..................................................................................................................45

Figure 5-3 SATA Interface Cable .................................................................................................................45

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List of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 Performance Specifications..........................................................................................................11

Table 2-2 Physical Specifications, ................................................................................................................11

Table 2-3 Physical Dimensions..................................................................................................................... 12

Table 2-4 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation.......................................................................... 13

Table 2-5 Voltage Ripple ............................................................................................................................. 13

Table 2-6 Shock and Vibration .................................................................................................................... 14

Table 2-7 Temperature and Humidity......................................................................................................... 15

Table 2-8 Thermocouple Location.............................................................................................................. 15

Table 2-9 Atmospheric Pressure ................................................................................................................. 16

Table 2-10 Acoustics..................................................................................................................................... 17

Table 2-11 Reliability Specification and Characteristics ............................................................................ 17

Table 2-12 Full Model Number Description ................................................................................................18

Table 4-1 ATA-8 Command Opcodes......................................................................................................... 29

Table 4-2 SCT Action Codes....................................................................................................................... 30

Table 4-3 Definitions for the 512 Bytes ....................................................................................................... 31

Table 4-4 Supported Attributes ..................................................................................................................32

Table 4-5 Log Address Definition................................................................................................................33

Table 4-6 Identify Device Command ..........................................................................................................34

Table 4-7 Set Features (EFh) ........................................................................................................................ 41

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Description and Features

1.0 DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES

1.1 General Description

WD Purple Surveillance Storage is built for 24/7 always-on surveillance in high­definition security systems that utilize higher hard drive bay counts. Exclusive
AllFrame 4K™ technology works with ATA streaming to reduce error pixelation and
video interruptions that occur when desktop hard drives are incorrectly used as
storage in security systems.

1.2 Product Features

 Serial ATA (SATA) — Serial ATA (SATA) is the industry standard bus interface for

hard drives. It offers many advantages including increased transfer rate, improved
signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plug support.

 AllFrame 4K™ Technology — All WD Purple™ drives are equipped with AllFrame

4K™ technology, which improves ATA streaming to help reduce frame loss,
improve overall video playback, and increase the number of hard drive bays
supported within a NVR. Help make your surveillance solution future-ready
knowing that WD Purple™ drives are ready for ultra high definition cameras.

 Premium Protection — Designed with tarnish-resistant components, this WD

Purple drive offers premium protection in harsh environments where surveillance
systems may be installed.

 IntelliSeek™ — Calculates optimum seek speeds to lower power consumption,

noise, and vibration.

 Dynamic Fly Height Control — Designed to compensate for head/media

separation changes due to temperature and altitude. This feature adds video
quality margins across temperature and altitude changes.

 NoTouch™ Ramp Load Technology — The recording head never touches the disk

media ensuring significantly less wear to the recording head and media as well as
better drive protection in transit.

 Dual Actuator Technology — A head positioning system with dual-stage

actuators that improves positioning accuracy over the data track(s). The primary
stage provides course displacement; the secondary stage uses piezoelectric
motion to fine tune the head positioning to a higher degree of precision.

 Advanced Format (AF) — Technology adopted by Western Digital and other

drive manufacturers as one of multiple ways to continue growing hard drive
capacities. AF is a more efficient media format that enables increased areal
densities.

 Native Command Queuing (NCQ) — Performance of a random I/O workload can

be improved through intelligent re-ordering of the I/O requests so they read/
write to and from the nearest available sectors and minimize the need for
additional disk revolutions or head actuator movement. This improvement can be
achieved though Native Command Queuing (NCQ), which is supported by these
hard drives.

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Description and Features

 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) — This Western Digital feature provides a

solution for protecting the recording media against mechanical wear. In cases
where the drive is so busy with incoming commands that it is forced to stay in a
same cylinder position for a long time, the PWL control engine initiates forced
seeks so that disk lubricant maintains an even distribution and does not become
depleted. This feature ensures reliability for applications that perform a high
incidence of read/write operations at the same physical location on the disk.

 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT) — The SCT Command Transport feature set

provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a
device to send data and status to a host using log pages.

 World Wide Name (WWN) — The World Wide Name (WWN) defined in ATA/

ATAPI-7 is a modification of the IEEE extended unique identifier 64 bit standard
(EUI-64) and is comprised of three major components: naming authority,
organizationally unique identifier (OUI) and serial number. Western Digital’s OUI is
0014EEh.

 Reliability Features Set-Data Lifeguard™ — Representing Western Digital's

ongoing commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard includes features that
enhance the drives ability to prevent data loss. Data Lifeguard data protection
utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection system, and
embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate,
and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard
drive. With these enhanced data reliability features, the drive can perform more
accurate monitoring, error repair, and deliver exceptional data security.

 Hot Plug Support — SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”),

the ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the
system or reboot. This capability contributes to both data availability and
serviceability without any associated downtime, making it a critical feature for
extending SATA into enterprise applications.

 Active LED Status — The drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an

activity LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) — Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-

viscosity lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. FDB
designs provide increased non-operational shock resistance, speed control, and
improved acoustics.

 Staggered Spin-Up — A feature that allows the system to control whether the

drive will spin up immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready (available for
specific OEM configurations).

 Power Management — The drive supports the ATA and SATA power management

command set, allowing the host to reduce the power consumption of the drive
by issuing a variety of power management commands.

 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) — S.M.A.R.T.

enables a drive’s internal status to be monitored through diagnostic commands at
the host level and during offline activities. S.M.A.R.T. devices employ data analysis
algorithms that are used to predict the likelihood of some near-term degradation
or fault conditions. When used with a S.M.A.R.T. application, the drive can alert
the host system of a negative reliability status condition. The host system can
then warn the user of the impending risk of data loss and recommend an
appropriate action.

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Description and Features

 ATA Security — The drive supports the ATA Security Mode Feature set. The ATA

Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that
prevents unauthorized hard disk access even if the drive is removed from the host
computer. The correct password must be supplied to the hard drive in order to
access user data. Both the User and Master Password features are supported,
along with the High and Maximum security modes. The Master Password Revision
code is also supported. This feature varies by drive configuration and may not be
available on all configurations.

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2.0 SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 Performance Specifications

Table 2-1. Performance Specifications

Performance Class 5400 RPM Class

Data Transfer Rate

- Buffer to Host

Buffer Size 256 MB

Error Rate - Unrecoverable <1 in 10

Spindle Start Time

- From Power-on to Drive Ready

Spindle Stop Time <15s average

Load/Unload Cycles

1

As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface,

megabyte per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion
bits per second. Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA
specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit
www.sata-io.org for details.

2

Defined as the time from power-on to the setting of Drive Ready.

3

Controlled unload at ambient condition.

Specifications

1

2

3

6 Gb/s maximum

14

bits read

12s average

300,000

2.2 Physical Specifications

Table 2-2. Physical Specifications

Model Number WD21HKVS

Capacity

Interface SATA 6 Gb/s

Number of Disks 1

Data Surfaces 2

Number of Heads 2

Physical bytes per sector 4096

Host bytes per sector 512

User Sectors per Drive 3,907,029,168

Servo Type Embedded

Recording Method LDPC Target

Recording Technology SMR

2

1,2

2TB

1

Specifications represented are of a typical production drive and may be subject to change or variation without
notice.

2

As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes, and
one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. As
used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte
per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second.
Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by
the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

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Specifications

2.2.1 Physical Dimensions

Table 2-3. Physical Dimensions

Dimension Tolerance Dimension Tolerance

Height 1.028 inches MAX 26.1 mm MAX
Length 5.787 inches MAX 147.0 mm MAX
Width 4.00 inches ±0.01 inch 101.6 mm ±0.25 mm
Weight 1.26 pounds ±10% 0.57 kg ±10%

2.3 Mechanical Specifications

Figure 2-1 shows the mounting dimensions and locations of the screw holes for the
drive.

Note: Unless otherwise specified, all measurements are in millimeters.

Figure 2-1. Mounting Dimensions

English Metric

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Specifications

2.4 Electrical Specifications

2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation

All values are typical (25°C, 5.0V, and 12V input). 3.3V Serial ATA power not utilized in
this product.

Table 2-4. Current Requirements and Power Dissipation

Operating Mode

Spinup (max) 1.75 A – –
Read/Write (avg) 260 mA 370 mA 5.0 W
Idle (avg) 250 mA 295 mA 4.5 W
Standby (avg) 10 mA 55 mA 0.4 W
Sleep (avg) 10 mA 55 mA 0.4 W

12 VDC 5 VDC

Mean Current

Power, Average

2.4.2 Input Voltage Requirements

The input voltage requirements are +5.0V ± 5% and +12.0V ± 10%.

2.4.3 Voltage Ripple

Table 2-5. Voltage Ripple

Maximum (mV pp) MHz

+5V DC 100 0-30

+12V DC 200 0-30

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Specifications

2.5 Environmental Specifications

2.5.1 Shock and Vibration

Table 2-6. Shock and Vibration

Shock

Operating 70G, 2 ms (read/write)
Non-operating (2 ms) 250G

Note: Half-sine wave, measured without shock isolation and without non-recoverable errors.

Vibration

Operating Linear: 20-300 Hz, 0.75G (0 to peak)

2

Random: 0.008 g

Non-operating Linear: 20-500 Hz, 4.0G (0 to peak)

Random: 0.05 g

Sweep Rate 0.5 octave/minute minimum

Rotational Vibration

12.5 rad/sec
Frequency (Hz) 20 200 300 900 1400 1500

(Rad/sec

Rotational Shock Non-Operating

Amplitude 20K rad/sec
Duration 2 ms

1

Rotational vibration spec is applicable to 4TB and 6TB only.

1

2

based on the following PSD profile maintaining < 20% degration:

2)2

0.035 0.035 0.2 0.2 0.002 0.002

/Hz

/Hz (10-300 Hz)

2

/Hz (10-300 Hz)

2

Operating Vibration

Drives are tested by applying a random excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a
time. The drive incurs no physical damage and no hard errors while subjected to
continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-6. Operating
performance may degrade during periods of exposure to continuous vibration.

Non-Operating Vibration

Note: This specification applies to handling and transportation of unmounted drives.
Drives are tested by applying a random excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a

time. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to continuous vibration
not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-6.

Packaged Shock and Vibration

The shipping packaging is designed to meet the National/International Safe Transit
Association (N/ISTA) standards for packaged products. The drive incurs no physical
damage when subjected to the N/ISTA standards.

- 14 -

Specifications

2.5.2 Temperature and Humidity

The system environment must allow sufficient air flow to limit maximum surface
temperatures as defined. AFR can be affected by workload and operating
temperature. See Section 2.6 Reliability Specification and Characteristics on page 17
for further details.

Table 2-7. Temperature and Humidity

Temperature & Humidity

Min-Max Base Casting Temperature

Humidity 5-95% RH non-condensing

Thermal Gradient 20°C/hour (maximum)

Humidity Gradient 20%/hour (maximum)

Temperature -40°C to 70°C on the base casting (-40°F to 158°F)

Humidity 5-95% RH non-condensing

Thermal Gradient 30°C/hour (maximum)

Humidity Gradient 20%/hour (maximum)

1

Operating at elevated base casting temperatures will result in a higher AFR.

Operation

1

0°C to 65°C (32°F to 149°F)

37.7°C (maximum wet bulb)

Non-Operation

40°C (maximum wet bulb)

2.5.3 Thermocouple Location

Table 2-8. Thermocouple Location

Component Location

Drive base casting #1, Figure 2-2

Figure 2-2. Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location

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Specifications

2.5.4 Cooling

If forced air cooling is required, the drive must be positioned to receive airflow from
one or more fans as indicated in Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3. Forced Airflow Direction

2.5.5 Atmospheric Pressure

Table 2-9. Atmospheric Pressure

Altitude

Operating -1,000 feet to 10,000 feet (-305M to 3,050M)

Non-operating -1,000 feet to 40,000 feet (-305M to 12,200M)

2.5.6 Atmospheric Condition

Environments that contain elevated levels of corrosives (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, sulfur
oxides, or hydrochloric acid, sulfurous gases, chlorine and nitric oxide) should be
avoided and ideally kept below G2 severity level defined in ISA–71.04–1985. Care must
be taken to avoid using any compound/material in a way that creates an elevated
level of corrosive materials in the atmosphere surrounding the disk drive. Vulcanized
rubber is an example of a material which may contain corrosive compound/materials.

Care must also be taken to avoid the use of any organometallic (e.g., organosilicones
or organotins) compound/material in a way that creates elevated vapor levels of
these compounds/materials in the atmosphere surrounding the disk drive.

Siliconebased Thermal Interface Materials (TIM), silicone-based tapes, caulking/RTV
pastes, silicone rubbers and silicone oil lubricants are examples of materials which
may create elevated vapor levels of organometallic compound/materials.

Use of the disk drive in these abnormal or other chemically-challenging environments
is not recommended and increases the risk for failure. If any of these materials are
considered in system design, it is recommended to consult with Western Digital
Corporation.

- 16 -

2.5.7 Acoustics

Table 2-10. Acoustics

Specifications

TYPICAL SOUND POWER LEVEL

Idle Mode (average dBA)
Seek Mode (average dBA) 27

1

Measured per ECMA-74/ISO 7779.

2

No audible pure tones.

2

1

2.5.8 RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances)

WD complies with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive 2011/
65/EU of the European Parliament, which is effective in the EU beginning July 8, 2011.
RoHS aims to protect human health and the environment by restricting the use of
certain hazardous substances in new equipment, and consists of restrictions on lead,
mercury, cadmium, and other substances.

2.6 Reliability Specification and Characteristics

The Mean Time between Failure (MTBF) calculations assumes operation at nominal
voltages, a base casting temperature of 40°C, and the workload usage of a typical
surveillance environment. Workload is defined as the number of bytes transferred by
the user to/from the drive. If the system(s) that the drive is installed in are not
capable of meeting the characteristics listed below, please use a WD drive that
matches your system(s)' capability. Operating drives outside any of the reliability
characteristics below will result in a higher AFR.

Table 2-11. Reliability Specification and Characteristics

23

MTBF 1,000,000

Reliability Characteristics

Base Casting Temperature 40°C

Annual Power on Hours (POH) <=8760

Total Workload over the Limited Warranty Period

1

Annualized Workload Rate = TB transferred x (8760 / recorded power-on hours)

2.7 Connectors and Cables

2.7.1 Serial ATA Connectors

For information on SATA data connectors, including the pin definitions of the SATA
connectors and the corresponding signal names and signal functions, refer to the
latest SATA specification available for download at www.serialata.org.

2.7.2 Cabling Requirements for Serial ATA

The SATA cable consists of four conductors in two differential pairs. The cable may
also include drain wires to be terminated to the ground pins in the SATA cable
receptacle connectors. See the SATA specification for cable specifications. The
cable's maximum length is one meter.

Reliability Specification

1

<=180TB/Yr

- 17 -

2.8 Agency Approvals

PR2000S-1 Regulatory Number (R/N): 810011

These drives meet the standards of the following regulatory agencies:

 Federal Communication Commission: Verified to comply with FCC Rules for

Radiated and Conducted Emission, Part 15, Subpart B, for Class B Equipment.

 Underwriters Laboratories: Bi-National UL Standard CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 60950/

UL 60950-1. Standard for Safety of Information Technology Equipment, including
Electrical Business Equipment.

 TUV: IEC 60950-1 per EN 60950-1, Standard for Safety of Information Technology

Equipment, including Electrical Business Equipment.

 CE Compliance for Europe Countries and Morocco: Verified to comply with

EN55032:2015 for RF Emissions and EN55024:1998, A1:2001 + A2:2003, EN61000-3­2:2000, EN61000-3-3:1995 + A1:2001 for Generic Immunity as applicable.

 RCM Compliance for Australia and New Zealand: Verified to comply with AS/

NZ3548 for RF Emissions as required by the Australian Communications Authority.

 Korean KC Mark: Registered as a Class-B product with the South Korean Ministry

of Information and Communication.

Specifications

 Taiwan BSMI ROHS Compliance: Certified as a Class-B product with the Bureau of

Standards Metrology and Inspection (BSMI ROHS).

2.9 Full Model Number Specification

Table 2-12 below provides a summary specification of the model number suffix for this
product platform.

Table 2-12. Full Model Number Description

Model Number Format ID Product Brand Description

WD21HKVS-78AUUYz AUU WD Purple PR2000S-1 256MB SATA 6 Gb/s 2TB SRV

- 18 -

3.0 PRODUCT FEATURES

 SATA 6 Gb/s

 AllFrame 4K™ Technology

 Premium Protection

 IntelliSeek™

 Dynamic Fly Height Control

 NoTouch™ Ramp Load Technology

 Dual Actuator Technology

 Advanced Format (AF)

 Native Command Queuing (NCQ)

 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL)

 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

 World Wide Name (WWN)

 Reliability Features Set

Product Features

 Hot Plug Support

 Active LED Status

 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

 Staggered Spin-Up and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11)

 Power Management

 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

 Security Mode

- 19 -

3.1 SATA 6 Gb/s

SATA 6 Gb/s is the latest generation interface for SATA hard drives with the following
features:

 Native Command Queuing (NCQ) — server feature for performance in random I/

O transaction environments. It aggregates many small random data transfers and
allows the disk to reorder the commands in a sequential order for faster access.

 Improved Power Management— provides improved power management

features including Host Initiated SATA Power Management (HIPM) and Device
Initiated SATA Power Management (DIPM).

 Staggered Spin-up — allows the system to control whether the drive will spin up

immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready before spinning up.

 Asynchronous Signal Recovery (ASR) — robustness feature that improves signal

recovery.

 Enclosure Services — defines external enclosure management and support

features.

 Backplane Interconnect — defines how to lay out signal line traces in a

backplane.

 Auto-activate DMA — provides increased command efficiency through

automated activation of the DMA controller.

Product Features

3.2 AllFrame 4K™ Technology

All WD Purple™ drives are equipped with AllFrame 4K™ technology, which improves
ATA streaming to help reduce frame loss, improve overall video playback, and
increase the number of hard drive bays supported within a NVR. Help make your
surveillance solution future-ready knowing that WD Purple™ drives are ready for ultra
high definition cameras.

3.3 Premium Protection

Designed with tarnish-resistant components, this WD Purple drive offers premium
protection in harsh environments where surveillance systems may be installed.

3.4 IntelliSeek

Western Digital’s unique IntelliSeek technology proactively calculates an optimum
seek speed to eliminate hasty movement of the actuator that produces noise and
requires power, which is common in other drives. With IntelliSeek, the actuator’s
movement is controlled so the head reaches the next target sector just in time to
read the next piece of information, rather than rapidly accelerating and waiting for
the drive rotation to catch up. This smooth motion reduces power usage by more
than 60 percent compared with standard drives, as well as quiets seek operation and
lowers vibration.

3.5 Dynamic Fly Height Control

This feature is designed to compensate for head/media separation changes due to
temperature and altitude. It adds video quality margins across temperature and
altitude changes.

- 20 -

Product Features

3.6 NoTouch Ramp Load Technology

Parks the recording heads off the disk surface during spin up, spin down and when
the drive is off. This ensures the recording head never touches the disk surface
resulting in improved long term reliability due to less head wear, and improved non­operational shock tolerance.

3.7 Dual Actuator Technology

A head positioning system with dual-stage actuators that improves positioning
accuracy over the data track(s). The primary stage provides course displacement; the
secondary stage uses piezoelectric motion to fine tune the head positioning to a
higher degree of precision.

3.8 Advanced Format (AF)

Advanced Format (AF) technology is adopted by Western Digital and other drive
manufacturers as one of multiple ways to continue growing hard drive capacities. AF
is a more efficient media format that enables increased areal densities.

In AF, each physical sector is composed of eight 512 byte logical sectors, totaling
4096 bytes.

3.9 Native Command Queuing (NCQ )

These drives support Native Command Queuing. NCQ is a true Enterprise feature for
environments such as database, Web servers, and e-mail servers.

Performance of a random I/O workload can be improved through intelligent re­ordering of the I/O requests so they read/write to and from the nearest available
sectors and minimize the need for additional disk revolutions or head actuator
movement. This improvement is achieved though Native Command Queuing (NCQ).

NCQ allows the drive to re-order read commands, thereby increasing random read
IOPs. Additional NCQ features that can prove beneficial include a Write Cache
disabled IOP increase and a queuing implementation built upon an existing, highly
automated cache architecture. Queued reads in NCQ leverage the same re-ordering
schemes used for write caching. The firmware design maintains the “order” of
overlapping/colliding queued commands. NCQ is designed to excel in multi­threaded environments with high random I/O loads.

3.10 Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL)

This Western Digital feature provides a solution for protecting the recording media
against mechanical wear. In cases where the drive is so busy with incoming
commands that it is forced to stay in a same cylinder position for a long time, the PWL
control engine initiates forced seeks so that disk lubricant maintains an even
distribution and does not become depleted. This feature ensures reliability for
applications that perform a high incidence of read/write operations at the same
physical location on the disk.

3.11 S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)

The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send
commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host
using log pages. Standard ATA commands may be interspersed with SCT commands,
but SCT commands cannot be nested. SCT commands that do not require a

- 21 -

Product Features

subsequent data transfer operation are not interspersed with any ATA commands or
each other.

The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send
commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host
using log pages. This capability is used to pass commands through a driver interface
or a bridge where new or unknown commands may be filtered and not passed to the
drive. SCT is also used for issuing commands that require more than 8 parameter
bytes. ATA8-ACS provides detailed information on the usage and capabilities of SCT.
The SCT feature set includes the following commands:

 Write Same
 Temperature Reporting

3.11.1 Write Same

The Write Same command allows the host to erase the media, or write a pattern
repeatedly across the media, with a minimum of data transfer from the host. The host
can clear the entire media to zeros or a specific pattern by sending this command
with the pattern as a parameter—no data transfer is necessary. Write Same can write
the entire media, or just a portion of the media. The host can monitor the progress of
the Write Same by issuing SCT Status requests. This frees the host system to do other
tasks while the media is being cleared.

3.11.2 Temperature Reporting

The SCT Temperature Reporting (SCT TR) feature allows a host system to access
temperature information in the drive. The S.M.A.R.T. temperature value is reported
within ±3°C of the base casting temperature. This information can been used to
control fans or adjust the usage of various system components to keep the drive
within its normal operating temperature. Applications include Enterprise, Laptop,
Desktop and Consumer Electronics. SCT TR reports the maximum and minimum
sustained operating limits, warning level limits, and drive damage limits. In addition to
reporting the limits, SCT TR returns the current drive temperature (a temperature
history which the host can use to predict heating or cooling trends) and the maximum
temperature achieved during the lifetime of the drive as well as the highest
temperature achieved since the power was applied to the drive. Detailed information
on this capability can be found in ATA8-ACS.

3.12 World Wide Name (WWN)

It has become a critical requirement that hard drives be uniquely identified by
computer systems. This allows a drive to maintain its identity as it is transported from
system to system or placed on a network. IEEE has defined a format for serial numbers
that is widely recognized in the computing industry by adding World Wide Name
(WWN) to ATA/ATAPI-7 in 2002.

The World Wide Name (WWN) defined in ATA/ATAPI-7 is a modification of the IEEE
Extended Unique Identifier 64 bit standard (EUI-64) and is comprised of three major
components: naming authority, organizationally unique identifier (OUI) and serial
number. Western Digital’s OUI is 0014EEh.

3.13 Reliability Features Set

- 22 -

Product Features

3.13.1 Data Lifeguard™

Representing Western Digital's ongoing commitment to data protection, Data
Lifeguard includes features that enhance the drives ability to prevent data loss. Data
Lifeguard data protection features include thermal management, an environmental
protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that
automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the
extended use of the hard drive. With these enhanced data reliability features, the
drive can perform more accurate monitoring, error repair, and deliver exceptional
data security.

All Western Digital drives are defect-free and low-level formatted at the factory. After
prolonged use, any drive, including a Western Digital drive, may develop defects.

CAUTION: As with all format utilities, some options in the Data Lifeguard
Diagnostics utility will overwrite user data.

Download the latest versions of the Data Lifeguard Diagnostic and Data Lifeguard
Tools programs at support.wdc.com.

3.13.2 Thermal Management

The drive is designed with Thermal Management features for high reliability.

 State-of-the-Art Mechanical Design—Mechanical design is optimized to reduce

the drive’s temperature. State-of-the-art thermal dissipation and windage design
is employed.

 Closed Loop Servo Management—Thermal management monitors the drive

temperature and can control servo operations to maintain a stable operating
temperature under high temperature conditions. This is a closed loop servo and
thermal control system.

 S.M.A.R.T. HDA Temperature Attribute—The S.M.A.R.T. HDA Temperature

Attribute is supported. The S.M.A.R.T. temperature value is reported within ±3°C
of the base casting temperature.

 Ducted Airflow—Provides protection to the Read/Write element from heated air.

- 23 -

Product Features

3.13.3 Internal Environmental Protection System

This dual filter system protects the inside environment of the drive from
contamination. System features include:

 Dual Filtration System to ensure fast clean-up times

 Directed airflow to maximize mechanical cooling

 Increase casting surface area to maximize cooling

 Ducted air flow to protect Read Rite elements from heated air

 Enhanced heat dissipation

3.13.4 Recoverable Errors

A sector marked for repair is written back to the same location. The sector is then
read several times to be sure that it was written correctly and that there is no media
damage at its location (sector test). If the sector does not easily and consistently read
correctly, the sector is then relocated with original data.

3.13.5 Self Test

Self Test is a quick way to determine the operation status of a drive. The following
Self Tests are supported:

 Quick Test: Completes in less than two minutes.

 Extended Test: Tests all the critical subsystems of the drive.

 Conveyance Test: Quickly identifies issues caused by handling damage.

 Selective Test: Scans host-defined sections of the drive.

The test may be run to completion or be performed as a background task as the drive
processes other commands from the host. The host may then poll the drive for
runtime status and test results. Since the test is embedded in the drive’s firmware, it
is always available, requires no installation and can be faster and more effective than a
software-based drive test.

3.13.6 ATA Error Logging

ATA Error Logging provides an industry standard means to record error events and
supporting information that is then accessible by the host. The event record includes
the exact command that caused the failure, the response of the drive, the time of the
event and information about the four commands immediately prior to the errant
command. Error Logging can reliably and quickly determine whether a system
problem is the result of a hard drive failure or other component malfunction. Error
Logging retains total error count for the life of the drive and complete records for the
last five errors.

3.13.7 Defect Management

Every Western Digital drive undergoes factory-level intelligent burn in, which
thoroughly tests for and maps out defective sectors on the media before the drive
leaves the manufacturing facility. Following the factory tests, a primary defect list is
created. The list contains the cylinder, head, and sector numbers for all defects.

Defects managed at the factory are sector slipped. Grown defects that can occur in
the field are mapped out by relocation to spare sectors on the inner cylinders of the
drive.

- 24 -

Product Features

3.14 Automatic Defect Retirement

The automatic defect retirement feature automatically maps out defective sectors
while reading or writing. If a defective sector appears, the drive finds a spare sector.

The following item is specific to automatic defect retirement on writes (write auto­relocation):

 Data is always written to disk (using automatic defect retirement if required) and

no error is reported.

The following item is specific to automatic defect retirement on reads (read auto­relocation):

 When host retries are enabled, the drive will internally flag any unrecoverable

errors (DAMNF or ECC). This flagging allows subsequent write commands to this
location to relocate the sector only if the sector test fails.

3.14.1 Error Recovery Process

The drive has five means of error recovery:

 ECC On-the-Fly

 Preamp Thermal Asperity (TA) Compensation

 Read/Write Retry Procedure

 Extended Read Retry Procedure

ECC On-the-Fly – If an ECC error occurs, the drive attempts to correct it on-the-fly
without retries. Data can be corrected in this manner without performance penalty.
The details of the correction algorithm appear in the next section.

Preamp Thermal Asperity Compensation – A Thermal Asperity (TA) is a baseline shift
in the readback signal due to heating of the magnetoresistive stripe on the head as a
result of physical contact with the disk or a particle. The preamp circuit has the ability
to detect and compensate for thermal asperities. When an error cannot be corrected
by ECC On-the-Fly, another retry is performed, where the preamp with its thermal
asperity detection feature determines if the error is due to a thermal asperity. Once
the preamp determines that the error is due to thermal asperity, preamp
compensation is enabled. If preamp compensation alone is not enough to recover,
then the channel performs a series of TA-specific recoveries.

Read/Write Retry Procedure – This retry procedure is used by all disk controller error
types. If the procedure succeeds in reading or writing the sector being tried, then
recovery is complete and the controller continues with the command. Each retry
operation also checks for servo errors. The procedure ends when error recovery is
achieved or when all possible retries have been attempted.

Extended Read Retry Procedure – This retry procedure tries combinations of
positive/negative track offsets and data DAC manipulations to recover the data. This
retry procedure applies only to read data recovery. The Read/Write Retry procedure
performs the actual retry operation.

When an extended retry operation is successful, the controller continues with the
command. The controller clears any changes in track offset or data DAC settings
before the command continues.

- 25 -

3.15 Hot Plug Support

SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the ability to swap out a
failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot. This capability
contributes to both data availability and serviceability without any associated
downtime, making it a critical feature for extending SATA into enterprise applications.

These Western Digital hard drives support hot plugging only in systems where a
SATA hard drive storage backplane is used.

The Serial ATA revision 2.5 specification requires staggered pins for both the hard
drive and drive receptacles. Staggered pins mate the power signals in the
appropriate sequences required for powering up the hot plugged device. These pins
are also specified to handle in excess of the maximum allowed inrush current that
occurs during drive insertion. SATA-compliant devices thus need no further
modification to be hot pluggable and provide the necessary building blocks for a
robust hot plug solution, which typically includes:

 Device detection even with power downed receptacles (typical of server

applications).

 Pre-charging resistors to passively limit inrush current during drive insertion.

 Hot plug controllers to actively limit inrush current during drive insertion.

Product Features

3.16 Active LED Status

The drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an activity LED pin which is
ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

The drive strength of this open drain drive active signal is that it can sink 12mA to 0.4V
Max. It is 5V tolerant, meaning that the external LED may be driven from +5V or +3.3V
so long as the Host system provides a series resistor to limit the LED current to the
lower of 12mA or the rated operating current of the LED. As an example with +5V and
a 2 volt forward drop across a 10mA LED, a 300 Ohm 5% 1/16W resistor would be
suitable. In the case of a 3.3V supply for the same LED, the resistor would be 130 Ohm
5% 1/16W.

The pin corresponding to P11 shall be used for Active LED (see Section 2.7 Connectors
and Cables on page 17).

3.17 Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)

Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity lubricant instead of ball
bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional ball
bearing technology, FDB designs provide increased non-operational shock resistance,
speed control, and improved acoustics.

3.18 Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11)

Note: This feature is available for specific OEM configurations.

SATA device power connector pin 11 is defined as a means by the host to DISABLE
staggered spinup and it may also be used by the device to provide the host with an
activity indication. According to the SATA specification, “Staggered Spin-up Disable
and Activity Signal shall not be enabled at the same time.”

- 26 -

Product Features

3.19 Power Management

This drive supports the ATA power management commands that lower the average
power consumption of the hard drives. For example, to take advantage of the lower
power consumption modes of the drive, an energy efficient host system could
implement a power management scheme that issues a Standby Immediate command
when a host resident disk inactivity timer expires. The Standby Immediate command
causes the drive to spin down and enter a low-power mode. Subsequent disk access
commands would cause the drive to spin up and execute the new command. To
avoid excessive wear on the drive due to the starting and stopping of the HDA, set
the host’s disk inactivity timer to no shorter than ten minutes.

The drive also supports the SATA power management feature that lowers the average
power consumption of the SATA interface.

3.20 Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

S.M.A.R.T. helps you monitor a drive’s internal status through diagnostic commands at
the host level.

The drive monitors Read Error Rate, Start/Stop Count, Re-allocated Sector Count,
Seek Error Rate, Power-on Hours Count, Spin-up Retry Count, Drive Calibration Retry
Count, Drive Power Cycle Count, Offline Scan Uncorrectable Sector Count, Ultra ATA
CRC Error Rate, Multi-zone Error Rate, Spin-up Time, Relocation Event Count, and
Current Pending Sector Count. The hard drive updates and stores these attributes in
the reserved area of the disk. The drive also stores a set of attribute thresholds that
correspond to the calculated attribute values. Each attribute threshold indicates the
point at which its corresponding attribute value achieves a negative reliability status.

3.21 Security Mode

The Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that
prevents unauthorized hard drive access even if the drive is removed from the
computer. This feature varies by drive configuration and may not be available on all
configurations.

3.21.1 Master and User Passwords

The manufacturer/dealer can set a master password using the Security Set Password
command, without enabling the device lock function. The user password should be
given or changed by a system user.

Master Password Identifier is supported and set to a default value of 00FE. If a Master
Password is set via a Security Set Password Command, a valid Master Password
Revision code value of 0001h – FFFEh must be used. A Master Password Identifier of
0000h is ignored.

When the master password is set, the drive does not enable the device lock function.
When the user password is set, the drive enables the device lock function, and the
drive is locked after the next power on reset or hard reset.

- 27 -

Product Features

3.21.2 Security Levels

High - If High level security is set and the user password is forgotten, the master
password can be used to unlock the drive and access the data.

Maximum - If Maximum level security is set and the user password is forgotten, data
access is impossible. Only the master password with a Security Erase Unit command
can unlock the drive when the device lock function is enabled and the user password
has been forgotten. When the Security Erase Unit command is used to unlock the
drive, all user data is erased.

- 28 -

4.0 ATA COMMAND SET

4.1 Host Interface Commands

4.1.1 ATA Commands Set (ACS)

Table 4-1 lists the hexadecimal codes specific to each ACS command supported by
these hard drives. Refer to the ACS specification for full details on each command.

Table 4-1. ATA-8 Command Opcodes

COMMAND HEX OPCODE

CHECK POWER MODE E5
DOWNLOAD MICROCODE 92
EXECUTE DEVICE DIAGNOSTIC 90
FLUSH CACHE E7
FLUSH CACHE EXT EA
IDENTIFY DEVICE EC
IDLE E3
IDLE IMMEDIATE E1
NOP 00
READ BUFFER E4
READ DMA C8
READ DMA EXT 25
READ FPDMA QUEUED 60
READ LOG EXT 2F
READ LOG DMA EXT 47
READ MULTIPLE C4
READ MULTIPLE EXT 29
READ SECTOR(S) 20
READ SECTORS(S) EXT 24
READ VERIFY SECTOR(S) EXT 42
READ VERIFY SECTORS(S) 40
S.M.A.R.T. B0
SECURITY DISABLE PASSWORD F6
SECURITY ERASE PREPARE F3
SECURITY ERASE UNIT F4
SECURITY FREEZE LOCK F5
SECURITY SET PASSWORD F1
SECURITY UNLOCK F2
SET FEATURES EF
SET MULTIPLE C6
SLEEP E6
STANDBY E2
STANDBY IMMEDIATE E0
WRITE BUFFER E8
WRITE DMA CA
WRITE DMA EXT 35
WRITE FPDMA QUEUED 61
WRITE LOG EXT 3F
WRITE LOG DMA EXT 57
WRITE MULTIPLE C5
WRITE MULTIPLE EXT 39
WRITE SECTOR(S) 30
WRITE SECTOR(S) EXT 34

ATA Command Set

- 29 -

4.1.2 SCT Commands

SCT commands provide capabilities for commands that do not fit the ATA command
delivery model. Some SCT commands report completion when the command begins
execution. Execution progress for these commands may be checked by requesting
SCT status. For instance, the host can track the progress of a Write Same command
by issuing a status request once per minute. See ACS for a full description of SCT.

Table 4-2. SCT Action Codes

ACTION CODE DESCRIPTION

0000h RESERVED
0002h Write Same
0003h SCT Error Recovery Control
0004h Features Control
0005h SCT Data Tables

4.2 S.M.A.R.T. (B0h)

The S.M.A.R.T. command provides access to attribute values, S.M.A.R.T. status, and
other S.M.A.R.T. information. These commands can be used for logging and reporting
purposes, and for accommodating special user needs.

Prior to writing the S.M.A.R.T. command to the Command Register, the host must
write key values into the LBA Mid and LBA High Registers (4Fh, C2h) or the command
will be aborted and an error will be reported.

ATA Command Set

The S.M.A.R.T. command has several sub-commands that are selectable via the
Features Register when the host issues the S.M.A.R.T. command. To select a sub­command, the host must write the appropriate sub-command code to the Features
Register before issuing the S.M.A.R.T. command. The sub-commands and their
respective codes are listed below. For more detailed information on executing
S.M.A.R.T. commands, see the ACS specification.

- 30 -

ATA Command Set

4.2.1 Read Data Sub-Command

This command returns a sector of data with the drives S.M.A.R.T. data structure.

Table 4-3. Definitions for the 512 Bytes

BYTE VALUE DESCRIPTION

0 - 1 0001h S.M.A.R.T. Data Structure Revision

2 -361 XX S.M.A.R.T. Attribute Data

135 - 361 XX S.M.A.R.T. Attribute Data

362 XX Offline data collection status

0Xh OL disabled
8Xh OL enabled
X0h scan not run
X2h scan complete
X4h scan suspended

363 XX Self-Test execution status byte.

364 - 365 XX

366 XX
367 07Bh

368 - 369 0003h

370 01h

371 XX
372 XX
373 XX

375 - 510 XX

511 XX

X5h scan aborted

00h The previous self-test routine completed without error or

01h The self-test routine was aborted by the host
02h The self-test routine was interrupted by the host with a

03h A fatal error or unknown test error occurred while the

04h The previous self-test completed having a test element

05h The previous self-test completed having a test element

06h The previous self-test completed having a test element

07h The previous self-test completed having a test element

08h The previous self-test completed having a test element

09­0Eh
0Fh Self-test routine in progress

Total time in seconds to complete offline data collection activity
Reserved
Offline data collection capability. Bits are as follows:

S.M.A.R.T. Capability. Bits are as follows:

Error logging capability. Bits are as follows:

Reserved
Short self-test routine completion time in minutes
Extended self-test routine completion time in minutes
Reserved
Checksum

no self-test has ever been run

hard or soft reset

device was executing its self-test routine. The device was
unable to complete the self-test routine.

that failed. The test element that failed is not known.

that failed. The electrical element of the test failed.

that failed. The servo (and/or seek) test element of the
test failed.

that failed. The read element of the test failed.

that failed. The element damage is suspected to be
caused by handling.
Reserved

0 1 = Offline Immediate Command supported

1 1 = Auto Offline enable\disable command supported

0 = Offline will suspend on and will resume after host

2

command
3 1 = Offline read scan implemented
4 1 = DST Short and Extended tests supported

6-7 0 - Reserved

1 = The device saves SMART data prior to going into a

0

power saving mode

1 = Device complies with SMART data autosave after an

1

event

2-15 Reserved

0

1 = Error logging supported

1

Reserved

- 31 -

ATA Command Set

4.2.2 Supported Attributes

The drive supports the following attributes.

Table 4-4. Supported Attributes

Attribute

Read Error Rate 1 Pre-Failure
Spin-up Time 3 Pre-Failure
Start/Stop Count 4 Advisory
Re-allocated Sector Count 5 Pre-Failure
Seek Error Rate 7 Advisory
Power-on Hours Count 9 Advisory
Spin-up Retry Count 10 Advisory
Drive Calibration Retry Count 11 Advisory
Drive Power Cycle Count 12 Advisory
Emergency Retract Cycles 192 Advisory
Load/Unload Cycles 193 Advisory
HDA Temperature 194 Advisory
Relocation Event Count 196 Advisory
Current Pending Sector Count 197 Advisory
Offline Scan Uncorrectable Sector Count 198 Advisory
Ultra ATA CRC Error Rate 199 Advisory
Multi-zone Error Rate 200 Advisory

1

Status bits are typical but may vary.

Attribute ID Number

(Status Flags bit 0)

Pre-Failure/Advisory Bit

1

Attributes that use the Pre-Failure/Advisory Bit Set can predict potential future
degrading or faulty conditions. Attributes with the Failure/Advisory Bit Clear are used
for informational purposes only, they do not indicate impending drive failure.

The S.M.A.R.T. data saving process is a background task. After a pre-determined idle
period, the self-monitoring data is automatically saved to the disk.

- 32 -

ATA Command Set

4.2.3 Read Log Sector

There are several logs that can be read with the S.M.A.R.T. Read Log Sector sub­command. The LBA Low Register indicates the log sector to be returned.

Table 4-5. Log Address Definition

Log Address Log Name Feature Set R/W Access

00h Log directory ExtLog RO GPL, SL
01h Summary Log SMART RO SL
02h Comprehensive SMART error log SMART RO SL
03h Extended Comprehensive

SMART error log
04h Device Statistics N/A RO GPL, SL
05h Reserved Reserved Reserved
06h SMART self-test log SMART RO SL
07h Extended SMART self-test log ExtLog RO GPL
08h Reserved Reserved Reserved

09H Selective self-test log SMART R/W SL

0Ah-0Fh Reserved N/A Reserved

10h NCQ Command Error NCQ RO GPL

11h SATA PHY Counters ExtLog RO GPL
12h-17h Reserved for Serial ATA N/A Reserved
18h-1Fh Reserved N/A Reserved

20h Obsolete

23h Obsolete

24h-7Fh Reserved N/A Reserved
80h-9Fh Host vendor specific SMART / ExtLog R/W GPL, SL
A0h-BFh Device vendor specific SMART / ExtLog VS GPL, SL
C0h-EFh Reserved Reserved Reserved

E0h SCT Command/Status N/A R/W GPL, SL

E1h SCT Data Transfer GPL, SL

E2h-FFh Reserved Reserved Reserved

RO – Read Only
R/W – Read / Write
SMART – Supported by B0h command code.
ExtLog – Supported by 2Fh/3Fh command code.
VS – Vendor Specific
SCT – SMART Command Transport

ExtLog RO GPL

- 33 -

ATA Command Set

4.3 Identify Device (ECh)

The Identify Device command transfers 512 bytes of data that specify the drives
parameters. Table 4-6 lists the parameters read by the host.

Table 4-6. Identify Device Command

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

0 General Configuration 427Ah
1 Obsolete 3FFFh
2 Specific Configuration XXXX
3 Obsolete 0010h

4-5 Retired 0

6 Obsolete 003Fh

7-8

9 Retired 0

10-19 Serial Number (ATA String) WDnnnnnnnn
20-21 Retired 0

22 Obsolete 0
23-26 Firmware Revision (ATA String) nnnn
27-46 Model Numbers (ATA String) "WDC WD21HKVS-nnnnnnn"

47

48

49

50

51-52 Obsolete 0

53

54-58 Obsolete xx

Reserved for assignment by the CompactFlash™
Association

READ/WRITE MULTIPLE support

Bit 15-8: 80h
Bit 7-0: 00h: Reserved
01h-FFh = Maximum number of logical sectors that shall
be transferred per DRQ data block on READ/WRITE
MULTIPLE commands

Trusted Computing feature set options

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero
Bit 14: Shall be set to one
Bit 13-1: Reserved for the Trusted Computing Group
Bit 0: If set, Trusted Computing feature set is
supported

Capabilities

Bit 15-14: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE
command.
Bit 13: If set, Standby timer values as specified in this
standard are supported.

0 = Standby timer values shall be managed by the

device
Bit 12: Reserved for the IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE
command
Bit 11: If set, IORDY supported
Bit 10: If set, IORDY may be disabled
Bit 9: If set, LBA supported
Bit 8: If set, DMA supported
Bit 7-2: Reserved
Bit 1: Current Long Physical Alignment Setting

Capabilities

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero.
Bit 14: Shall be set to one.
Bit 13-2: Reserved.
Bit 1: Obsolete
Bit 0: Shall be set to one to indicate a device specific
Standby timer value minimum

Additional Words Valid

Bit 8-15: Free-fall Control Sensitivity
00h = Vendor’s recommended setting
01h-FFh = Sensitivity level. A larger number is a
more sensitive setting.
Bit 7-3: Reserved
Bit 2: If set, the fields reported in word 88 are valid
Bit 1: If set, the fields reported in words 70-64 are valid
Bit 0: Obsolete

0

8010h

4000h

2F00h

4001h

0006h

- 34 -

ATA Command Set

Table 4-6. Identify Device Command (Continued)

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

Current Blocking Factor

Bit 15: 1=The BLOCK ERASE EXT command is supported
Bit 14: 1= The OVERWRITE EXT command is supported
Bit 13: 1=The CRYPTO Scramble EXT command is

59

60-61

62 Obsolete 0

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70 Reserved 0

71-74 Reserved for the Identify Packet Device command 0

75

supported
Bit 12: 1=The Sanitize feature set is supported
Bit 9-11 Reserved
Bit 8: 1=Multiple local sector setting is valid
Bit 0-7: Current setting for number of logical sectors
that shall be transferred per DRQ data block on READ/
WRITE Multiple commands

Total number of user addressable logical sectors for 28
bit commands (DWord)

Multi-Word DMA Transfer Mode Supported

Bit 15-11: Reserved
Bit 10: If set, Multiword DMA mode 2 is selected
Bit 9: If set, Multiword DMA mode 1 is selected
Bit 8: If set, Multiword DMA mode 0 is selected
Bit 7-3: Reserved
Bit 2: If set, Multiword DMA mode 2
Bit 1: If set, Multiword DMA mode 1
Bit 0: If set, Multiword DMA mode 0

Advanced PIO Modes Supported

Bits 0-7: PIO Modes supported

Min. Multi-Word DMA Transfer Cycle Time (ns)

Bit 15-0: Cycle time in nanoseconds

Manufacturer Recommended Multi-Word DMA Cycle Time

Bit 15-0: Cycle time in nanoseconds

Min. PIO Transfer Cycle Time without flow control

Bit 15-0: Cycle time in nanoseconds

Min. PIO Transfer Cycle Time with IORDY flow control

Bit 15-0: Cycle time in nanoseconds

Additional Supported

Bit 15: If set, CFast Specification Support
Bit 14: If set, Deterministic data in trimmed LBA
range(s) is supported
Bit 13: If set, Long Physical Sector Alignment Error
Reporting Control is supported
Bit 12: If set, DEVICE CONFIGURATION IDENTIFY DMA
and DEVICE CONFIGURATION SET DMA are supported
Bit 11: If set, READ BUFFER DMA is supported
Bit 10: If set, WRITE BUFFER DMA is supported
Bit 9: If set, SET MAX SET PASSWORD DMA and SET
MAX UNLOCK DMA are supported
Bit 8: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE
Bit 6: If set, Optional ATA device 28-bit commands
supported ODE DMA is supported
Bit 7: If set, Reserved for IEEE 1667
Bit 5: If set, Trimmed LBA range(s) returning zeroed
data is supported
Bit 4: If set, Device Encrypts All User Data
Bit 3: If set, Extended Number of User Addressable
Sectors is supported
Bit 2-0: Reserved

Queue Depth

Bit 15-5: Reserved
Bit 4-0: Maximum queue depth - 1

0FFFFFFFh

XXh

XX07h

0003h

0078h

0078h

0078h

0078h

4D2Ah

001Fh

- 35 -

ATA Command Set

Table 4-6. Identify Device Command (Continued)

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

Serial ATA Capabilities

Bit 15-13: Reserved
Bit 12: Supports Native Command Queuing priority
information
Bit 11: Supports Unload while NCQ commands
outstanding
Bit 10: Supports Phy event counters

76

77 Reserved for Serial ATA 0006h

78

79

80

81 Minor Version Number 006Dh

82

Bit 9: Supports receipt of host-initiated interface
power management requests
Bit 8: Supports Native Command Queuing (NCQ )
Bit 7-3: Reserved for future Serial ATA signaling speed
grades
Bit 2: 1= Supports Serial ATA Gen2 signaling speed
(3 Gb/s)
Bit 1: 1= Supports Serial ATA Gen1 signaling speed
(1.5 Gb/s)
Bit 0: Shall be cleared to zero

Serial ATA Features Supported

Bit 7-15: Reserved for Serial ATA
Bit 6: If set, device supports software settings
preservation
Bit 5: Reserved for Serial ATA
Bit 4: If set, device supports in-order data delivery
Bit 3: If set, device supports initiating power
management
Bit 2: If set, device supports DMA Setup Auto­activation
Bit 1: If set, device supports non-zero buffer offsets
Bit 0: Cleared to zero

Serial ATA Features Enabled

Bits 7-15: Reserved for Serial ATA
Bit 6: If set, software settings preservation enabled
Bit 5: Reserved for Serial ATA
Bit 4: If set, In-order data delivery enabled
Bit 3: If set, device initiated power management
enabled
Bit 2: If set, DMA Setup Auto-activation enabled
Bit 1: If set, non-zero buffer offsets enabled
Bit 0: Cleared to zero

Major Version Number

Bit 15-11: Reserved
Bit 10: if set, supports ACS-3
Bit 9: if set, supports ACS-2
Bit 8: if set, supports ATA8-ACS
Bit 7: if set, supports ATA/ATAPI-7
Bit 6: if set, supports ATA/ATAPI-6
Bit 5: if set, supports ATA/ATAPI-5
Bit 4 –1: Obsolete
Bit 0: Reserved

Command and feature sets supported

Bit 14: If set, NOP command supported
Bit 13: If set, Read buffer command supported
Bit 12: If set, Write buffer command supported
Bit 11: Obsolete
Bit 10: Obsolete
Bit 9: If set, Device Reset command supported
Bit 8: If set, Service interrupt supported
Bit 7: If set, Release interrupt supported
Bit 6: If set, look-ahead supported
Bit 5: If set, Write Cache supported
Bit 4: Cleared to 0 to indicate that the PACKET feature
set is not supported.
Bit 3: If set, mandatory Power Management Feature Set
supported
Bit 2: Obsolete
Bit 1: If set, Security Feature Set supported
Bit 0: If set, SMART Feature Set supported

0000 0000 0X0X XXX0b

9F0Eh

004Ch

07FEh

706Bh

- 36 -

ATA Command Set

Table 4-6. Identify Device Command (Continued)

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

Command Set Supported

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to 0
Bit 14: Shall be set to 1
Bit 13: If set, Flush Cache EXT command supported
Bit 12: If set, mandatory Flush Cache command
supported
Bit 11: If set, DCO feature set supported
Bit 10: If set, 48-bit Address Feature Set supported
Bit 9: Not supported

83

84

85

Bit 8: If set, Set Max Security Extension supported
Bit 7: Reserved
Bit 6: If set, Set Features subcommand required to
spin-up after power-up
Bit 5: If set, Power-Up In Standby feature set
supported
Bit 4: Obsolete
Bit 3: If set, Advanced Power Management feature set
supported
Bit 2: If set, CFA feature set supported
Bit 1: If set, Read/Write DMA Queued supported
Bit 0: If set, Download Microcode command supported

Command and feature sets supported

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero
Bit 14: Shall be set to one
Bit 13: If set, Idle Immediate with Unload Feature
supported
Bit 12: Reserved
Bit 11: Reserved
Bit 9-10: Obsolete
Bit 8: If set, 64-bit World wide name supported
Bit 7: If set, Write DMA Queued FUA EXT command
supported
Bit 6: If set, Write DMA FUA EXT and Write Multiple
FUA EXT commands supported
Bit 5: If set, General Purpose Logging feature set
supported
Bit 4: If set, Streaming Feature Set supported
Bit 3: Obsolete
Bit 2: If set, Media serial number supported
Bit 1: If set, SMART Self-Test supported
Bit 0: If set, SMART Error Logging supported

Command and feature sets supported or enabled

Bit 15: Obsolete
Bit 14: If set, NOP command supported
Bit 13: If set, Read Buffer command supported
Bit 12: If set, Write Buffer command supported
Bit 11: Obsolete
Bit 10: If set, Host Protected Area has been established
Bit 9: If set, DEVICE RESET command supported
Bit 8: If set, SERVICE interrupt enabled
Bit 7: If set, Release Interrupt enabled
Bit 6: If set, Read look-ahead enabled
Bit 5: If set, Volatile Write cache enabled
Bit 4: Cleared to 0 to indicate that the PACKET feature
set is not supported
Bit 3: Set to 1 to indicate that the Mandatory Power
Management feature set is supported
Bit 2: Obsolete
Bit 1: If set, Security Feature Set enabled
Bit 0: If set, SMART Feature Set enabled

0111 0X0X XXX0 10XXb

7401h

6123h

- 37 -

ATA Command Set

Table 4-6. Identify Device Command (Continued)

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

Commands and feature sets supported or enabled

Bit 15: If set, Words 119-120 are valid
Bit 14: Reserved
Bit 13: If set, Flush Cache EXT command supported
Bit 12: If set, Flush Cache command supported
Bit 11: If set, Device Configuration Overlay supported
Bit 10: If set, 48-bit Address Feature Set supported
Bit 9: Not supported
Bit 8: If set, Set Max Security Extension enabled by Set

86

87

88

89

90

91 Current APM level value XXXXh
92 Master Password Identifier XXXXh
93 Hardware reset result 0
94 Obsolete 0
95 Stream Minimum Request Size 0
96 Stream Transfer Time - DMA 0

Max Set Password
Bit 7: Reserved
Bit 6: If set, Set Features subcommand required to
spin-up after power-up
Bit 5: If set, Power-Up In Standby feature set enabled
Bit 4: Obsolete
Bit 3: If set, Advanced Power Management feature set
enabled
Bit 2: If set, CFA Feature Set enabled
Bit 1: If set, Read/Write DMA Queued command
supported
Bit 0: If set, Download Microcode command supported

Commands and feature sets supported or enabled

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero
Bit 14: Shall be set to 1
Bit 13: If set, Idle Immediate with Unload Feature
supported
Bit 12: Reserved
Bit 11: Reserved
Bit 9-10: Obsolete
Bit 8: If set, 64-bit World wide name supported
Bit 7: If set, Write DMA Queued FUA EXT command
supported
Bit 6: If set, Write DMA FUA EXT and Write Multiple
FUA EXT commands supported
Bit 5: If set, General Purpose Logging Feature Set
supported
Bit 4: Obsolete
Bit 3: If set, Media Card Pass Through Command
feature set supported
Bit 2: If set, Media serial number is valid
Bit 1: If set, SMART Self-Test supported
Bit 0: If set, SMART Error Logging supported

Ultra DMA modes

Bit 15: Reserved
Bit 14: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 6 is selected
Bit 13: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 5 is selected
Bit 12: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 4 is selected
Bit 11: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 3 is selected
Bit 10: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 2 is selected
Bit 9: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 1 is selected
Bit 8: If set, Ultra DMA Mode 0 is selected
Bit 7: Reserved
Bit 6: Ultra DMA mode 6 supported
Bit 5: Ultra DMA mode 5 supported
Bit 4: Ultra DMA mode 4 supported
Bit 3: Ultra DMA mode 3 supported
Bit 2: Ultra DMA mode 2 supported
Bit 1: Ultra DMA mode 1 supported
Bit 0: Ultra DMA mode 0 supported

Bit 15-8: Reserved
Bit 7-0: Time required for Normal Erase mode SECURITY
ERASE UNIT command

Bit 15-8: Reserved
Bit 7-0: Time required for Normal Erase mode SECURITY
ERASE UNIT command

XXXX XXXX 0111 1111b

B401h

6123h

xxh

xxh

- 38 -

ATA Command Set

Table 4-6. Identify Device Command (Continued)

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

97 Stream Access Latency -DMA and PIO 0

98-99 Stream Performance Granularity (Dword) 0

100-103

104 Streaming Transfer Time - PIO 0

105

106

107 Inter-seek delay for ISO 7779 standard acoustic testing 0
108-111 World Wide Name XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
112-115 Reserved 0

116 Reserved for TLC 0

117-118 Logical Sector size (DWord) 0

119

120

121-126 Reserved 0

127 Obsolete 0

128

129-159 Vendor Specific xx

Total number of User Addressable Logical Sectors
(QWord)

Maximum number of 512 byte blocks per Data Set
Management command

Physical sector size / logical sector size

Bit 15 Shall be cleared to zero
Bit 14 Shall be set to one
Bit 13 if set, Device has multiple logical sectors per
phys-ical sector.
Bit 12 if set, Device Logical Sector longer than 256
Words
Bits 11-4 Reserved
Bits 3-0 2X logical sectors per physical sector

Commands and feature sets supported (Continued from
words 82-84)

Bit 15: Cleared to zero
Bit 14: Shall be set to one
Bit 13-8: Reserved
Bit 7: If set, Extended Power Conditions feature set
supported
Bit 6: If set, Sense Data Reporting supported
Bit 5: If set, Free-fall Control feature set is supported
Bit 4: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE with offsets is
supported
Bit 3: If set, READ and WRITE DMA EXT GPL optional
commands are supported
Bit 2: If set, WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT is supported
Bit 1: If set, Write-Read-Verify feature set is supported
Bit 0: Reserved for DDT

Commands and feature sets supported (Continued from
words 85-87)

Bit 15: Cleared to zero
Bit 14: Shall be set to one
Bit 13-8: Reserved
Bit 7: If set, Extended Power Conditions feature set
supported
Bit 6: If set, Sense Data Reporting supported
Bit 5: If set, Free-fall Control feature set is supported
Bit 4: If set, DOWNLOAD MICROCODE with offsets is
supported
Bit 3: If set, READ and WRITE DMA EXT GPL optional
commands are supported
Bit 2: If set, WRITE UNCORRECTABLE EXT is supported
Bit 1: If set, Write-Read-Verify feature set is supported
Bit 0: Reserved for DDT

Security Status

Bit 15-9: Reserved
Bit 8: Security level (0 = High, 1 = Maximum)
Bit 7-6: Reserved
Bit 5: If set, Enhanced Security Erase supported
Bit 4: If set, Security count expired
Bit 3: If set, Security Frozen
Bit 2: If set, Security Locked
Bit 1: If set, Security enabled
Bit 0: If set, Security supported

WD21HKVS (3,907,209,168)

000Ah

6003h

401Ch

401Ch

0000 000X 001X XXX1b

- 39 -

ATA Command Set

Table 4-6. Identify Device Command (Continued)

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

CFA power mode

Bit 15: Word 160 supported

160

161-167 Reserved for the CompactFlash™ Association 0

168

169

170-173 Additional Product Identifier 0
174-175 Reserved 0

176-205 Current Media Serial number 0

206

207-208 Reserved 0

209

210-211 Write-Read-Verify Sector Count Mode 3 0
212-213 Write-Read-Verify Sector Count Mode 2 0

214

215-216 NV Cache Size in Logical Blocks 0

217 Nominal media rotation rate 1518h

218 Reserved 0

219

220

221 Reserved 0

222

223 Transport minor version number 0

Bit 14: Reserved
Bit 13: CFA power mode
Bit 12: CFA power mode 1 disable
Bit 11-0: Maximum current in ma

Device Nominal Form Factor

Bit 15-4: Reserved
Bit 3-0: Device Nominal Form Factor

Data Set Management Command

Bit 15-1: Reserved
Bit 0: if set, the Trim bit in the Data Set Management
command supported

SCT Command Transport

Bit 15-12: Vendor Specific
Bit 11-6: Reserved
Bit 5: If set, SCT Data tables command supported
Bit 4: If set, SCT Features Control command supported
Bit 3: If set, SCT Error Recovery Control command
supported
Bit 2: If set, SCT Write Same command supported
Bit 1: If set, Obsolete
Bit 0: If set, SCT Command Transport supported

Alignment of logical blocks within a physical block

Bit 15: Shall be cleared to zero
Bit 14: Shall be set to one
Bits 13-0: Logical sector offset within the first physical
sector where the first logical sector is placed.

NV Cache Capabilities

Bit 15-12: NV Cache feature set version
Bit 11-8: NV Cache Power Mode feature set version
Bit 7-5: Reserved
Bit 4: If set, NV Cache feature set enable
Bit 3-2: Reserved
Bit 1: If set, NV Cache Power Mode feature set enable
Bit 0: if set, NV Cache Power Mode feature set
supported

NV Cache Options

Bit 15-8: Reserved
Bit 7-0: Device Estimate Time to spin up in seconds

Bit 15-8: Reserved
Bit 7-0: Write-Read-Verify feature set current mode

Transport major version number

0000h or FFFFh=device does not report version
Bit 12-15: Transport Type (0h=Parallel 1h=Serial 2h­Fh=Reserved)
Bit 6-11: Reserved (Parallel, Serial)
Bit 5: Reserved SATA Rev. 3.0
Bit 4: Reserved SATA Rev. 2.6
Bit 3: Reserved SATA Rev. 2.5
Bit 2: Reserved SATA II: Extensions
Bit 1: ATA/ATAPI-7 SATA 1.0a
Bit 0: ATA8-APT ATA8-AST

0

0002h

0001h

3039h

4000h

0

0

0

107Eh

- 40 -

Table 4-6. Identify Device Command (Continued)

WORD FIELD DESCRIPTION VALUE

224-229 Reserved 0
230-233 Extended Number of User Addressable Sectors (Qword) WD21HKVS (3,907,209,168)

234

235

236-254 Reserved 0

255

Minimum number of 512-byte data blocks per
DOWNLOAD MICROCODE command for mode 03h

Maximum number of 512-byte data blocks per
DOWNLOAD MICROCODE command for mode 03h

Integrity Word

Bit 15-8: Checksum
Bit 7-0: Signature

4.4 Set Features (EFh)

The Set Features command enables or disables the features listed in Table 4-7.

Table 4-7. Set Features (EFh)

ATA Command Set

0001h

1000h

XXA5h

FUNCTION

Enable read look-ahead

Disable read look-ahead

Enable write cache

Disable write cache
Set Transfer Mode 03h Don’t care
Enable use of Serial ATA Feature 10h 02h-DMA Setup FIS Auto-Activate optimization

Disable use of Serial ATA Feature 90h 02h-DMA Setup FIS Auto-Activate optimization

1

Changes are only valid while power remains applied to the drive. After power is cycled, the drive reverts

to the default settings.

1

1

1

1

REGISTER SECTOR COUNT REGISTER

AAh Don’t care

55h Don’t care

02h Don’t care

82h Don’t care

06h-Software Settings Preservation

06h-Software Settings Preservation

FEATURES

- 41 -

Installation and Setup Procedures

5.0 INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES

Hard drives are precision instruments that must be handled with care to prevent damage. It is
important to understand that drives are typically damaged because of Electrostatic Dis­charge (ESD), rough handling, or shock and vibration. Refer to the WD Hard Drive Handling
document (part number 2178-800020) for details on drive handling.

Refer to http://support.wdc.com/warranty for detailed instructions on all phases of repack-
aging the drive.

IMPORTANT: If your system does not support hot plugging (see Section 3.15 Hot
Plug Support on page 26), it must be turned off and unplugged before installing

your hard drive.

5.1 Unpacking

5.1.1 Handling Precautions

WD products are designed to withstand normal handling during unpacking and
installation. Take care to avoid excessive mechanical shock or electrostatic discharge
(ESD), which can permanently damage the hard drive and void the warranty. Hard
drives are typically damaged because of ESD, rough handling, or shock and vibration.

To avoid ESD problems, wear a properly grounded wrist strap when handling the
hard drive. Articles of clothing generate static electricity. Do not allow clothing to
come in direct contact with the hard drive or circuit board components.

When the WD drive is not in its shipping container or installed in its proper host
enclosure, it must remain in the anti-static bag. To prevent damage, do not unpack
your WD drive until you are ready to install it.

5.1.2 Inspection of Shipping Container

Carefully examine the container for obvious shipping damage, such as: holes, signs of
crushing, or stains. Notify the carrier and your WD representative if you observe any
shipment damage. Always move the shipping container in the upright position
indicated by the arrows on the container.

5.1.3 Removal From Shipping Container

Remove the WD drive from the shipping container only for inspection or installation.
Carefully open the box. When removing the WD drive from the box, follow these
precautions:

 Grasp the drive by the sides only; avoid touching the circuit board components.
 Gently place the drive on its anti-static bag on a clean, level, grounded work area.
 Do not stack drives or stand the WD drive on its edge.

CAUTION: When removing the drive from the shipping container, be careful not to
drop it. Dropping the drive can severely damage the head disk assembly or printed
circuit board.

- 42 -

5.1.4 Removal From Static Shielding Bag

Before removing the drive from its static shielding bag:

 Make sure that your work station is properly grounded.
 Wear a properly grounded wrist strap with good skin contact.
 Avoid contact with any component on the printed circuit board.

After attaching your wrist strap, gently remove the drive from the static shielding
bag.

 Handle the drive by the sides only; avoid touching the printed circuit board.
 Do not open the drives sealed compartment or remove the seals or any labels

from the drive; this will void the warranty.

5.1.5 Moving Precautions

If you need to move your computer, turn off the power to automatically unload the
heads. This helps protect the media and the heads from accidental damage due to
vibration, moving, or shipping.

5.2 Mounting

Use either the four bottom screws or at least four of the side mounting screws to
rigidly support the drive and prevent vibration. Some adapter frames may not have
the mechanical design structure capable of mounting the drive to meet the specified
shock and vibration requirements.

Installation and Setup Procedures

The hard drive itself does not provide electrical isolation between mounting locations
and drive ground connection. If electrical isolation is required, the system designer or
integrator would be responsible for providing a solution.

5.2.1 Mounting Restrictions

If your system does not support hot plugging (see Section 3.15 Hot Plug Support on
page 26), it must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive.

5.2.2 Orientation

You can mount the hard drive in the X, Y, or Z axis, depending upon the physical
design of your system. For best results, mount the drive with all four screws grounded
to the chassis. If all four screws are not used, see Section 5.2.4 Grounding on page 44.

5.2.3 Screw Size Limitations

The hard drive should be mounted to the chassis using four 6-32 screws.
Recommended screw torque is 5 in-lb. Maximum screw torque is 10 in-lb.

CAUTION: Screws that are too long can damage the hard drive. Hard drive screw
penetration can differ between products depending upon hard drive design. WD’s
minimum design criteria is to always meet the SFF 8301 industry standard
specification. The industry standard as defined in the SFF 8301 specifies a maximum
of 3 mm screw penetration, and for a minimum of 2.4 mm of thread engagement
from both the screw and the hard drive.

See Figure 2-1 for allowable fastener penetration for this product family.

- 43 -

Installation and Setup Procedures

5.2.4 Grounding

The PCBA and HDA grounds are always connected together in the drive and cannot
be disconnected. The drive mounting screws, unless intentionally isolated, will
provide additional ground connections between the HDA and the system chassis. If
the drive isn't grounded via mounting screws as described under Section 5.2
Mounting on page 43, there may be increased electrical emissions (EMI).

5.3 Hard Drive Installation

If your system does not support hot plugging (see Section 3.15 Hot Plug Support on
page 26), it must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive.

5.3.1 Jumper Settings

It is not necessary to place a jumper shunt on the drive for workstation/desktop use.
For enterprise storage environments, the advanced settings are as follows:

SSC Mode – Spread spectrum clocking feature enabled or disabled (jumper on pins 1-

2). Default setting is disabled.

Native Gen2 Enabled Mode – To revert to the SATA 3 Gb/s data transfer speed, place
a jumper on pins 5-6.

Force Gen1 Enabled Mode – To revert to the SATA 1.5 Gb/s data transfer speed, place
jumpers on pins 5-6 and 7-8.

Figure 5-1. Jumper Settings

Default

Standard configuration – no jumper added;
spread spectrum clocking, Native Gen2, and
Force Gen1 disabled.

SSC (Enabled)

Spread spectrum clocking enabled (jumper on
pins 1-2).

Native Gen2 (Enabled)

Gen2 enabled (jumper on pins 5-6). SATA 3 Gb/s
data transfer speed activated.

Force Gen1 (Enabled)

Gen1 enabled (jumpers on pins 5-6 and 7-8).
SATA 1.5 Gb/s data transfer speed activated.

- 44 -

Installation and Setup Procedures

5.3.2 Attach the Power Supply Cable

If your system does not support hot plugging (see Section 3.15 Hot Plug Support on
page 26), it must be turned off and unplugged before installing your hard drive. This
avoids the possibility of reversing the polarity of the power connections and
eliminating current surges that can damage either the drive or computer.

Attach the SATA power supply cable to the SATA device plug power connector. The
SATA power connector is keyed to ensure proper insertion.

Figure 5-2. Connector Locations

5.3.3 Attach SATA Interface Cable

You can configure the hard drive two ways:

1. Cable the drive directly to a SATA connector on the motherboard, or

2. Cable the drive to a host adapter card mounted in one of the expansion slots in
the computer.

Both configurations use a SATA interface cable.

Make sure the SATA interface cable is no longer than 1 meter (39.37 inches) to
minimize noise that is induced on the data and control buses.

Figure 5-3. SATA Interface Cable

5.4 Serial ATA Latching Connector

This hard drive also allows Serial ATA latching cable connections. The latching
connector provides a secure connection between the drive and the cable connector
via a locking latch mechanism. The new latching connector design has two channels,
one above the power connection and one above the data connection. Latch
alignment with these channels forms an interlock when the latching cable is inserted
into the drive. This latching feature makes the SATA connector more robust against
breakage and ensures a click-lock connection which is verifiable even in noisy
environments.

- 45 -

6.0 MAINTENANCE

The hard drive requires no preventative maintenance and contains no user-serviceable parts.
The service and repair of drives can only be performed at a WD Service Center. Please con­tact your WD representative for warranty information and service/return procedures.

Observe the following precautions to prolong the life of the drive:

 Do not attempt to open the sealed compartment of the drive as this will void the

warranty.

 Do not lift a drive by the printed circuit board.

 Avoid static discharge when handling a drive.

 Avoid harsh shocks or vibrations.

 Do not touch the components on the printed circuit board.

 Observe the environmental limits specified for this product.

 If it becomes necessary to move your computer system, turn off the power to

automatically unload the heads. This helps protect the media and the heads from
accidental damage due to vibration while moving or shipping.

 To protect your data, back it up regularly. WD assumes no responsibility for loss of data.

For information about back-up and restore procedures, consult your operating system
manual. There are also a number of utility programs available that you can use to back up
your data.

Maintenance

- 46 -

7.0 TECHNICAL SUPPORT

NORTH AMERICA

US/Canada

EUROPE

Central European Time (CET) 00800.27549338 (toll-free where available) or +31.880062100

7.1 WD Online Services

WD provides a wide variety of technical support services on our Internet site at:

http://support.wdc.com

(Central Time)

Technical Support

800.ASK.4WDC (800.275.4932)

- 47 -

8.0 THIRD-PARTY NOTICES

This product may include or use the following open source software subject to the following
open source licenses. If required by the applicable open source license, Western Digital may
provide the open source code to you on request either electronically or on a physical storage
medium for a charge covering the cost of performing such distribution, which may include
the cost of media, shipping, and handling.

8.1 LZHUF.C

(c)1989 by Haruyasu Yoshizaki, Haruhiko Okumura, and Kenji Rikitake.
All rights reserved. Permission granted for non-commercial use.

8.2 EfAesLib

http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/57478/A-Fast-and-Easy-to-Use-AES-Library

Preamble

This License governs Your use of the Work. This License is intended to allow
developers to use the Source Code and Executable Files provided as part of the Work
in any application in any form.

Third-Party Notices

The main points subject to the terms of the License are:

Source Code and Executable Files can be used in commercial applications;

Source Code and Executable Files can be redistributed; and

Source Code can be modified to create derivative works.

No claim of suitability, guarantee, or any warranty whatsoever is provided. The
software is provided “as-is”.

The Article(s) accompanying the Work may not be distributed or republished without
the Author's consent

This License is entered between You, the individual or other entity reading or
otherwise making use of the Work licensed pursuant to this License and the individual
or other entity which offers the Work under the terms of this License (“Author”).

License

THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CODE
PROJECT OPEN LICENSE (“LICENSE”). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT
AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS
AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.

BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HEREIN, YOU ACCEPT AND
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8.3 A portable, fast, and free implementation of the MD5 Mes-

sage-Digest Algorithm (RFC 1321)

https://openwall.info/wiki/people/solar/software/public-domain-source-code/
md5

Alexander Peslyak, better known as Solar Designer <solar at openwall.com>

This software was written by Alexander Peslyak in 2001.No copyright is claimed, and
the software is hereby placed in the public domain.

In case this attempt to disclaim copyright and place the software in the public
domain is deemed null and void, then the software is Copyright (c) 2001 Alexander
Peslyak and it is hereby released to the general public under the following terms:

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
permitted.

There's ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, express or implied.

(This is a heavily cut-down “BSD license”.)

This differs from Colin Plumb's older public domain implementation in that no exactly
32-bit integer data type is required (any 32-bit or wider unsigned integer data type
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8.4 Embedded Template Library

https://github.com/ETLCPP/etl

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2016 jwellbelove, https://github.com/ETLCPP/etl, http://
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- 52 -

8.5 uTensor

https://github.com/uTensor/uTensor

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- 56 -

9.0 GLOSSARY

Active LED Status — The WD drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an activ-

ity LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) — A method of measuring failure rates or trends for a group of
units at a site. The rates are based on the monthly total number of returned field failure units
divided by the total cumulative installed base and multiplied by 12 (to annualize the failure
rate).

Advanced Format (AF) — Technology adopted by WD and other drive manufacturers as one
of multiple ways to continue growing hard drive capacities. AF is a more efficient media for­mat that enables increased areal densities.

Automatic Defect Retirement — If defective sectors are found during a read or write, they
are automatically mapped out and relocated.

Block — A group of bytes handled, stored, and accessed as a logical data unit.

Buffer — A temporary data storage area that compensates for a difference in data transfer

rates and/or data processing rates between sender and receiver.

Command Queuing — See Native Command Queuing (NCQ )
Data Lifeguard™ — Representing WD's ongoing commitment to data protection, Data Life-

guard data protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection
system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate,
and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive.

Glossary

Data Transfer Rate — The rate that digital data is transferred from one point to another,
expressed in bits per second or bytes per second.

Defect Management — A general methodology of eliminating data errors on a recording sur­face by mapping out known bad areas of the media.

Dual Actuator Technology — A head positioning system with two actuators that improves
positional accuracy over the data track(s). The primary actuator provides coarse displace­ment using conventional electromagnetic actuator principles. The secondary actuator uses
piezoelectric motion to fine tune the head positioning to a higher degree of accuracy.

Dynamic Fly Height Control —This feature is designed to compensate for head/media sepa­ration changes due to temperature and altitude. It adds margins across temperature and alti­tude changes.

Error Correction Code (ECC) — A mathematical algorithm that can detect and correct errors
in a data field by adding check bits to the original data.

F.I.T. (Functional Integrity Testing) — A suite of tests WD performs on all its drive products
to ensure compatibility with different hosts, operating systems, application programs, and
peripherals. This testing must be performed before the product can be released to manufac­turing.

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) — Bearing design that incorporates a layer of high-viscosity
lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. FDB designs provide
increased non-operational shock resistance, speed control, and improved acoustics.

Formatted Capacity — The actual capacity available to store data in a mass storage device.
The formatted capacity is the gross capacity minus the capacity taken up by the overhead
data required for formatting the media.

Hot Plugging — The ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the
system or reboot.

- 57 -

Glossary

IntelliSeek — WD technology that proactively calculates an optimum seek speed to eliminate
hasty movement of the actuator that produces noise and requires power.

Logical Block Address — An alternative addressing methodology of identifying a given loca­tion on a SATA drive that permits disk sizes greater than 528 MB.

Native Command Queuing (NCQ ) — NCQ allows the drive to re-order read commands,
thereby increasing random read IOPs. NCQ is a true Enterprise feature for environments such
as database, Web servers, and e-mail servers.

NoTouch™ Ramp Load Technology — The recording head never touches the disk media ensur-

ing significantly less wear to the recording head and media as well as better drive protection
in transit.

Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) — WD feature that provides a solution for protecting the
recording media against mechanical wear.

PRML (Partial Response Maximum Likelihood) — A read channel using sampled data, active
equalization and Veterbi detection to accurately retrieve the user data off the disk.

RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) — WD complies with the Restriction of Hazard­ous Substances (RoHS) Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament, which is effective in
the EU beginning July 8, 2011. RoHS aims to protect human health and the environment by
restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in new equipment, and consists of restric­tions on lead, mercury, cadmium, and other substances..

Rotational Latency — The amount of delay in obtaining information from a disk drive that can
be attributed to the rotation of the disk. For a disk rotating at 10,000 RPM, the average
latency is 3 milliseconds.

RPM (Revolutions per Minute) — Rotational speed of the media (disk), also known as the spin­dle speed. Hard drives spin at one constant speed. The slower the RPM, the higher the
mechanical latencies. Disk RPM is a critical component of hard drive performance because it
directly impacts the rotational latency and the disk transfer rate.

Seek Time — The time it takes for the read/write head to move to a specific block of data on
the hard drive. The average seek time is computed by dividing the time it takes to complete
a large number of random seeks by the number of seeks performed.

Data Sector — A 512-byte packet of data.

Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) — A technology to assist

the user in preventing possible system down time due to hard drive failure.

Serial ATA (SATA) — SATA is the industry standard bus interface for hard drives. It is designed
to replace Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including increased transfer rate, improved
signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plugging.

S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT) — The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a
method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and
status to a host using log pages.

Staggered Spinup — SATA feature that allows the system to control whether the drive will
spin up immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready.

Unrecoverable Error — A read error that cannot be overcome by an ECC scheme or by
rereading the data when host retries are enabled.

World Wide Name (WWN) — The World Wide Name (WWN) defined in ATA/ATAPI-7 is a
modification of the IEEE extended unique identifier 64 bit standard (EUI-64) and is comprised
of three major components: naming authority, organizationally unique identifier (OUI) and
serial number. WD's OUI is 0014EEh.

- 58 -

INDEX

INDEX

—A—

Acoustics, 17, 18
Agency Approvals, 18
Airflow, 16
AllFrame, 20
Annualized Failure Rate, 57
Atmospheric Pressure, 16

—B—

Buffer Size, 11
bytes per sector

host, 11
physical, 11

—C—

Cabling, 13

Power Supply Cable Attachment, 45
SATA Interface Cable Attachment, 45

Commands

SCT, 30

Connectors

Serial ATA Latching, 45

Cooling

Airflow, 16
forced airflow direction, 16

Current Requirements, 13

—D—

Data Surfaces, 11
Data Transfer Rate, 11
Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions, 17
Dimensions, 12

—E—

Error Rate, 11

—G—

Glossary, 48
Grounding (Hard Drive), 44

—H—

Host Interface Commands, 29

Identify Drive, 34
S.M.A.R.T., 30
Set Features, 41

—I—

Input Voltage Requirements, 13
Installation and Setup, 42

—M—

Maintenance, 46
Model number specification, 18
Mounting

Orientation, 43
Screw Size Limitations, 43

Mounting (Hard Drive), 43

—P—

Power Dissipation, 13, 15

—R—

Recording Method, 11
Reliability Characteristics, 17
Ripple, 13
RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances), 17
Rotational Speed, 11
RPM, 11

—S—

SATA 6 Gb/s interface, 20
SCT commands, 30
Serial ATA Latching Connector, 45
Servo Type, 11
Shock and Vibration, 14
Specifications, 11

electrical (3 disk models), 13
Environmental, 14
Mechanical, 12
Performance, 11
Physical, 11
Reliability, 17

Spindle Start Time, 11

—T—

Temperature

Airflow, 16

Thermocouple location, 15
Temperature and Humidity, 15
Thermocouple location, 15

—U—

Unpacking

Container Inspection, 42

Drive Removal - Container, 42

Drive Removal - Static Shielding Bag, 43

Handling Precautions, 42

Moving Precautions, 43
User Sectors per Drive, 11

—J—

Jumper Settings, 44

- 59 -

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