Thurlby Thandar Instruments HA1600 User Manual

THURLBY THANDAR INSTRUMENTS

HA1600

POWER AND HARMONICS ANALYSER WITH FLICKERMETER

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Dual 16 bit Analog to Digital converters continuously sample both voltage and current and give a wide dynamic range. A fast Digital Signal Processor gives the performance needed for continuous real-time analysis of the data. Advanced algorithms yield accurate results, using extended precision or floating point arithmetic wherever necessary.

Compliance-quality harmonics analyser

Introduction

The HA1600 has been designed to make harmonics measurements both quick and simple. It measures harmonics from the 1

It is suitable for pre-compliance measurements using a normal mains supply and is capable of full compliance measurements to EN61000-3-2 in conjunction with a suitable power source (such as the AC1000).

Capabilities include continuous monitoring of the supply voltage, continuous comparison to harmonic limits and timed test sequences with analysis of fluctuating harmonics.

Compliance-quality flicker meter

The HA1600 has the capability to operate as a compliance quality voltage variation and flicker meter in conformance with EN61000-3-3 and EN61000-4-15.

Flicker severity can be measured in terms of P analysis of voltage variations, including the calculation of the maximum value d between steady states d

and the change characteristic d(t).

c

For pre-compliance testing, a current measurement method can be used, rather than voltage measurement, to eliminate the need for a clean power generator and a reference impedance.

A full range of interfaces

A parallel printer interface is included, for record keeping and archiving, and also a high speed RS-232 interface is provided for use with either a printer or remote control software running on a PC. The HA1600A also has a USB port for use with the HA-PC Link Plus software.

st

to the 40th and updates the display in real time.

and P

st

while simultaneously performing full

lt

max

, the difference

The internal software of the instrument is stored in flash memory and can be updated through the serial port as the requirements of the measurement standards evolve.

HA1600 and HA1600A

The two versions of the instrument are in different cases, with slightly different front panel layouts. The HA1600A has a USB port. In all other respects the operation and performance of the two types is identical. Both use the same firmware, and this manual applies to either type if fitted with firmware version 2.60 or later.

2

Specification

MAINS ANALYSER

Measurement Circuit: Single Phase with standard mains connector.

Current Rating: 16A rms continuous, or national connector rating if lower.

Voltage Ranges: 115V (± 200V pk) and 230V (± 400V pk).

Current Ranges: ± 24mA pk to ± 400A pk in fifteen 2:1 ranges.

Frequency Range: 43 – 67 Hz.

Shunt Resistance:

Sampling Rate: 300 points per cycle.

Basic Accuracy: Better than 0.2% ±1mA, up to 16A.

Measured Parameters: Vrms, Vpk, Arms, Apk, Crest factors, THD, W, VA, Power factor, Frequency,

Display Modes: Tabular display of all parameters including latest and highest inrush current.

Waveform Graph display of Voltage and Current with normal, Max hold,

Monitor Outputs: Re-constructed Voltage and Current Signals.

3mΩ.

Peak Inrush current.

accumulate and multiple cycle display modes.

HARMONICS ANALYSER

Measurements: 1st harmonic to 40th harmonic.

Measurement processing to EN61000-3-2. and EN61000–4–7 Continuous calculation, analysis and assessment of unfiltered, filtered, average, minimum and maximum current harmonic levels and limits. Continuous measurement and assessment of supply waveform and harmonics.

Current Rating: 16A rms continuous, or national connector rating if lower.

Voltage Ranges: 115 (± 200V pk) and 230V (± 400V pk).

Current Ranges: ± 24mA pk to ± 400A pk in fifteen 2:1 ranges.

Frequency Range: 43 – 67 Hz.

Shunt Resistance:

Transform Windows: Continuous 4, 10, 12 or 16 cycle Discrete Fourier Transforms.

Basic Accuracy: Better than 5% of limit or 0.2% of selected range (whichever is the greater)

Display Modes: Display of load supply assessment for voltage, harmonics, crest limits and

Histogram or tabular display of supply voltage harmonics.

Histogram display of current harmonics with limits (calculated from EN61000-

Tabular display of current harmonics showing present values, limits, average

3

3mΩ (less than 150mV across shunt up to 50 Amp peak).

±1mA.

frequency against requirements defined in EN61000-3-2.

3-2), with Min. hold, Max. hold and percentage of limit display options.

values, average as percent of limit, maximum values, maximum as percent of limit and pass or fail assessment for each harmonic.

Test Control: Untimed, manually timed or automatically timed tests; user-defined test time.

Declaration of load class. Limits automatically determined from EN61000-3-2

for appropriate class; Class C and Class D limits can be automatically calculated from power measurements or from ratings declared by the user. Minimum and maximum power thresholds for limits can be changed by the user.

Facility for declaring supply voltages other than 230V and deriving

appropriate limits. Facility for insetting test limits.

Report Printing: Direct printer connection for hard-copy report with user-entered narrative,

supply voltage assessment and current harmonic analysis and assessment.

VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS & FLICKER METER

Measurements:

Voltage fluctuations d

, d(t) and d

c

and flicker P

max

and P

st

lt

to EN61000-3-3 and EN61000-4-15.

Current Rating: 16A rms continuous, or national connector rating if lower.

Voltage Ranges: 115V (± 200V pk) and 230V (± 400V pk).

Fluctuation Range: 25% max (relative to nominal voltage).

Flickermeter Range: Voltage change up to 20% (sinewave change) or 10% (low repetition rate

rectangular change) relative to AGC level. Equivalent to 6400 pu on 8.8 Hz sinewave.

Flickermeter AGC: Up to ±5%.

Flickermeter Accuracy: Better than 5% for P

range 0·7 to 10·0.

st

Frequency Range: 50 or 60 Hz (operates over 43 – 67 Hz).

Report Printing:

Tabular listing of voltage variations, P

classifier and P

st

in each Plt interval.

st

GENERAL

Display: 320 x 240 pixel backlit LCD.

Clock:

Interfaces: Parallel Printer, RS-232 (for printer or PC); also USB (for PC) on HA1600A.

Instrument Supply: 220V–240V or 110V–120V ±10%, 48 to 65Hz. Installation Category II.

Real−time clock for time and date−stamping of Report data.

Maximum instrument power 25VA. The instrument can be operated at a different supply voltage and/or frequency from that used to supply the load.

Operating Range: +5°C to 40°C, 20-80% RH.

Storage Range: –10°C to +60°C.

Environmental: Indoor use at altitudes up to 2000m, Pollution Degree 2.

Safety: Complies with EN61010-1.

EMC: Complies with EN61326.

Dimensions (WxHxD): HA1600A: 357 x 132 x 235mm; HA1600: 305 x 148 x 220mm.

Weight: HA1600A: 4.4kg; HA1600: 4.2kg.

4

Safety

This instrument is Safety Class I according to IEC classification and has been designed to meet the requirements of EN61010-1 (Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use). It is an Installation Category II instrument intended for operation from a normal single phase supply.

This instrument has been tested in accordance with EN61010-1 and has been supplied in a safe condition. This instruction manual contains some information and warnings which have to be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain the instrument in a safe condition.

This instrument has been designed for indoor use in a Pollution Degree 2 environment in the temperature range 5°C to 40°C, 20% - 80% RH (non-condensing). It may occasionally be subjected to temperatures between +5° and -10°C without degradation of its safety. Do not operate while condensation is present.

Use of this instrument in a manner not specified by these instructions may impair the safety protection provided. Do not operate the instrument outside its rated supply voltages or environmental range.

WARNING! THIS INSTRUMENT MUST BE EARTHED

Any interruption of the mains earth conductor inside or outside the instrument will make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited. The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without a protective conductor.

When the instrument is connected to either supply, terminals may be live and opening the covers or removal of parts (except those to which access can be gained by hand) is likely to expose live parts. The apparatus shall be disconnected from all voltage sources before it is opened for any adjustment, replacement, maintenance or repair.

Any adjustment, maintenance and repair of the opened instrument under voltage shall be avoided as far as possible and, if inevitable, shall be carried out only by a skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved.

If the instrument is clearly defective, has been subject to mechanical damage, excessive moisture or chemical corrosion the safety protection may be impaired and the apparatus should be withdrawn from use and returned for checking and repair.

Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and of the specified type are used for replacement. The use of makeshift fuses and the short-circuiting of fuse holders is prohibited.

This instrument uses a Lithium button cell for the real-time clock and non-volatile memory battery back-up; typical life is 3 years. In the event of replacement becoming necessary, replace only with a cell of the correct type, i.e. 3V Li/Mn0 disposed of carefully in accordance with local regulations; do not cut open, incinerate, expose to temperatures above 60°C or attempt to recharge.

Do not wet the instrument when cleaning it and in particular use only a soft dry cloth to clean the LCD window. The following symbols are used on the instrument and in this manual:-

Caution -refer to the accompanying documentation, incorrect operation may damage the instrument.

20mm button cell type 2032. Exhausted cells must be

2

Terminal connected to chassis ground.

Alternating current.

5

EC Declaration of Conformity

We Thurlby Thandar Instruments Ltd Glebe Road Huntingdon Cambridgeshire PE29 7DR England

declare that the

HA1600A Power and Harmonics Analyser

meets the intent of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC and the Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC. Compliance was demonstrated by conformance to the following specifications which have been listed in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

EMC

Emissions: EN61326 (1998) Radiated, Class B

a) EN61326 (1998) Conducted, Class B

b) EN61326 (1998) Harmonics, referring to EN61000-3-2 (2000)

Immunity: EN61326 (1998) Immunity Table 1, Performance B, referring to:

a) EN61000-4-2 (1995) Electrostatic Discharge

b) EN61000-4-3 (1997) Electromagnetic Field

c) EN61000-4-11 (1994) Voltage Interrupt

d) EN61000-4-4 (1995) Fast Transient

e) EN61000-4-5 (1995) Surge

f) EN61000-4-6 (1996) Conducted RF

Safety

EN61010-1 Installation Category II, Pollution Degree 2.

6

CHRIS WILDING TECHNICAL DIRECTOR

2 February 2007

This instrument has been designed to meet the requirements of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC.

Compliance was demonstrated by meeting the test limits of the following standards:

Emissions

EN61326 (1998) EMC product standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use. Test limits used were:

a) Radiated: Class B

b) Conducted: Class B

c) Harmonics: EN61000-3-2 (2000) Class A; the instrument is Class A by product category.

Immunity

EN61326 (1998) EMC product standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use.

Test methods, limits and performance achieved were:

a) EN61000-4-2 (1995) Electrostatic Discharge, 4kV air, 4kV contact, Performance B.

b) EN61000-4-3 (1997) Electromagnetic Field, 3V/m, 80% AM at 1kHz, Performance B.

EMC

c) EN61000-4-11 (1994) Voltage Interrupt, 1 cycle, 100%, Performance A.

d) EN61000-4-4 (1995) Fast Transient, 1kV peak (AC line), 0.5kV peak (signal lines and

e) EN61000-4-5 (1995) Surge, 0.5kV (line to line), 1kV (line to ground), Performance A.

f) EN61000-4-6 (1996) Conducted RF, 3V, 80% AM at 1kHz (AC line only; signal

According to EN61326 the definitions of performance criteria are:

Performance criterion A: ‘During test normal performance within the specification limits.’

Performance criterion B: ‘During test, temporary degradation, or loss of function or

performance which is self-recovering’.

Performance criterion C: ‘During test, temporary degradation, or loss of function or performance which requires operator intervention or system reset occurs.’

Cautions

To ensure continued compliance with the EMC directive the following precautions should be observed:

a) After opening the case for any reason ensure that all signal and ground connections

I/O ports), Performance A.

connections <3m, therefore not tested), Performance A.

are remade correctly before replacing the cover. Always ensure all case screws are correctly refitted and tightened.

b) In the event of part replacement becoming necessary, only use components of an

identical type, see the Service Manual.

Note that the conducted emissions measured on the LOAD POWER connection of the HA1600 will be those of the load itself since the HA1600 contains no filtering on this connection. When making measurements on non-compliant loads, therefore, care must be taken to ensure that its emissions do not interfere with other equipment.

7

Mains Operating Voltage – Instrument Power

Before making connections to the AC line source ensure that the operating voltage of the instrument is correctly set. The operating voltage is indicated by the orientation of the fuseholder. When the 230V marking is upwards, the unit is set for operation over the range 198V to 264V. When the 115V marking is upwards, the unit is set for operation over the range 99V to 132V. To change the operating voltage range, remove the AC line plug, pull out the fuse holder, replace the fuse with one of the appropriate rating (see below) and rotate the fuse holder before pushing it firmly back into place.

Safety Note: To fully disconnect the Instrument Power from the AC supply, unplug the mains cord from the INSTRUMENT POWER inlet or from the AC supply outlet.

Mains Operating Voltage – Load Power

The fixed LOAD POWER mains lead is an independent connection, which provides power to the appliance connector on the front panel; it can be at a different voltage and frequency from the instrument power. The maximum permitted load power voltage is 264Vrms and the frequency range is 43 - 67Hz.

For full compliance measurements to EN61000-3-2 the load power lead should be connected to an AC supply that meets the voltage, frequency and harmonics requirements defined in the standard; the AC1000 low distortion power source can be used for this purpose.

Installation

Safety Note: To fully disconnect the Load Power from the AC supply unplug the mains cord from the AC supply outlet.

Fuse – Instrument Power

The correct time-lag fuse must be fitted for the selected operating voltage.

For 230V operation use 250mA (T) 250V time-lag HBC

For 115V operation use 500mA (T) 250V time-lag HBC

Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and of the specified type are used for replacement. The use of makeshift fuses and the short-circuiting of fuse holders are prohibited.

Fuse – Load Power

A high voltage, high breaking current, fuse is fitted internally in the load power circuit. The correct fuse type is: 20A 500V HBC Type aM or gL.

Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and of the specified type are used for replacement. The use of makeshift fuses and the short-circuiting of fuse holders are prohibited.

Mains Lead

When a three core mains lead with bare ends is provided this should be connected as follows:

BROWN - MAINS LIVE BLUE - MAINS NEUTRAL GREEN/YELLOW - EARTH

8

WARNING ! - THIS INSTRUMENT MUST BE EARTHED

Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside the instrument will make the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited

.

Front Panel Connections

Appliance Connector

The load under test should be plugged into the front panel appliance connector. Power to the connector is supplied from the fixed which is controlled by the instrument power (e.g. the from the appliance socket.

A wide choice of national appliance connectors is available but the connector is factory fitted and cannot be changed by the user. The maximum load current that can be supplied is the rating of the connector, or 16Arms, whichever is lower.

Voltage and Current Monitor

The Voltage Monitor and Current Monitor BNC sockets output reconstructed, scaled versions of the load power voltage and current waveforms referenced to instrument ground, permitting direct connection to other instruments such as an oscilloscope. The output voltage is approximately

2.5V pk-pk for a full-scale signal on any current or voltage range.

LOAD switch. If the LOAD switch is in the OFF position, or if there is no

POWER switch is OFF) then the load power supply is disconnected

Connections

LOAD POWER cable via an internal 20A fuse and a relay

Rear Panel Connections

Instrument Power and Load Power

The IEC inlet supplies power for the instrument only; the fixed lead supplies the load power to the front panel appliance connector. Refer to the Installation section.

USB

The USB interface is intended for communication with a PC running the HA-PC Link Plus software. See software installation section for information about device driver requirements.

RS232

The RS232 interface should be connected to a standard PC port using a fully wired 1-1 malefemale cable without any crossover connections. It may also be used with a serial printer.

The 9-pin female D-connector has the following pin-out:

Pin Name Direction Description

1 DCD O 2 TXD O Transmitted data to computer 3 RXD I Received data from computer 4 DTR I Computer can receive 5 GND Signal ground 6 DSR O 7 RTS ( I ) Assumed asserted 8 CTS O Computer may send 9 RI No connection

Passively asserted (+10V through 10kΩ)

The signal ground is connected to instrument ground. The Baud rate is fixed at 115,200.

Printer

25-way female D-connector configured as a standard parallel (Centronics) printer port. Connect directly to a suitable printer using a standard shielded cable.

9

Initial Operation

This section is a general introduction to the organisation of the instrument and is intended to be read before using it for the first time. Detailed descriptions of each function are given in later sections, starting with Power Meter.

In this manual front panel keys and connectors are shown in capitals, e.g.

MONITOR; all soft-key labels, messages and data values displayed on the LCD are shown in a

different type font, e.g. Setup Range, Load Declared Class A.

Switching On

With both the POWER and LOAD switches in the OFF position connect the INSTRUMENT POWER lead to the standard AC supply and connect the source as described in the Installation section.

Switch the POWER switch to ON to turn the instrument power on; the display will show the Initialisation screen for a few seconds followed by the Select screen. A 20 second time-out is started, with a count down shown on the display. If no key is pressed during this time out, or if the Resume Operation soft-key (F5) is pressed, the instrument will continue operation using the

Test and Report parameters automatically stored at the last power−down; the parameter settings stored are given in the table at the end of this chapter. The instrument will start up with the LCD showing the Waveform Graph display. The display will show the load voltage waveform, which will appear to be unstable for 4 to 5 seconds or more until the sampling clock synchronises exactly with the incoming supply; the display will then show a single cycle of the voltage waveform with the rising zero-crossing point at the left edge.

The second soft-key option on the Select screen is Restore Defaults; this continues operation with all parameters defaulted to their original factory setting. The stored parameters and their default settings are listed in the table at the end of this chapter.

METER, VOLTAGE

LOAD POWER lead to a suitable low distortion AC

The final soft-key option is Setup, which gives access to a further screen where the soft-keys are Restart and Update Software. Restart returns the instrument to the Initialisation screen. Update Software selects the mode in which the instrument’s software can be updated from a PC via its RS232 port; see the section of the Maintenance chapter for details.

If the load is now connected and the will also show in the display; the instrument will auto-range to show the current waveform at the best resolution achievable. Load power is disconnected, even if the LOAD switch is ON, when INSTRUMENT POWER is turned off.

Safety Note: Neither the POWER switch, nor the LOAD switch, fully disconnect their respective AC supplies when switched to the OFF position. To fully disconnect from the AC supply unplug the mains cords from the AC supply outlets; make sure that the means of disconnection are readily accessible. Disconnect from the AC supplies when not in use.

Display Contrast

The contrast of the LCD may vary a little with changes of ambient temperature or viewing angle but can be optimised for a particular environment by using the front panel contrast control. Insert a small screwdriver or trimmer tool through the adjustment aperture marked LCD and rotate the control for optimum contrast.

Keyboard

The keys on the front panel can be considered in the following groups:

LOAD switch also turned to ON the load current waveform

10

• The five keys beneath the LCD. When the green VIEW lamp is lit these are used to directly call each of the five main display views (METER for Power Meter, WAVE for Waveform Graph, etc.). In addition, when the set-up screen for each of these views is displayed (by pressing the

SET-UP / VIEW key to light the red SET-UP lamp) they become 'soft-keys' which take the

functions shown immediately above them in boxes on the LCD.

• The four cursor keys marked and are used to move the edit zone (shown as an

outline box) around the editable fields of a set-up display. For each position of the edit zone the keys below the display have the functions shown immediately above them in boxes on the LCD; the functions change as the edit zone is moved which is why they are called 'soft' keys. The cursor keys auto-repeat when held down.

• Numeric keys permit direct entry of values in certain set-up displays. ENTER confirms a numeric entry and

CANCEL terminates the entry without changing the parameter to the new

value.

• START TEST and STOP TEST have specific functions determined by the type of test selected

on the Test Control set-up display; full details are given in the Test Control section.

• The

LOCAL key switches the instrument between remote and local (keyboard) control.

Stored Settings and their Factory Defaults

The following parameters have their current setting stored at power−down; these are recalled at power−up if Resume Operation is selected. If Restore Defaults is selected instead, the settings are those shown in the Defaults Setting column.

Parameter Default Setting

Nominal Voltage and tolerance 230V ± 2%

Nominal Frequency and tolerance 50Hz ± 0.5%

Test Duration Standard value for each mode.

Assessment inset 1.00

Operating Mode EN61000-3-2:2000 Harmonics (Edition 2)

Load Classification Class A

Class C Limit basis, current and PF Automatic (maximum fundamental current)

Class D Limit basis and power Automatic (maximum power)

Class D minimum power 75W

Class D − A cross−over power (1995)

600W

Flicker sensing method Voltage

Simulated Flicker Reference Impedance

limit

d

max

0.4 + j 0.25 Ω

4 %

d(t) limit * < 500 ms above 3.3%

d

c

limit

* 3.3 %

Steady State Definition * > 1000 ms within ±0.32%

Switching sequence On and Off time 1000 cycles

Switching sequence On and Off phase 0 degrees

Left Margin (of Report) 5 characters

Report No. 1

* These values reflect the 2001 Amendment to EN 61000-3-3.

Note that the Report’s Header, Title and Footer text is not restored to the original form by the Restore Defaults choice; the text can only be changed by entering new characters.

11

Power Meter View

With the green VIEW lamp lit, press the METER key to display the Power Meter view.

The Power Meter view gives a continuously updated display of the major parameters of the supply voltage and load current, together with an instantaneous summary of whether the supply and load meet the limits of the harmonics standard.

The Supply Voltage group shows the Vrms and frequency of the load power supply, together with its total harmonic distortion (THD), peak voltage (Vpk), the phase of the peak with respect to the zero-crossing point and the calculated crest factor (Vpk/Vrms).

For compliance quality measurements, the load power supply must meet the following requirements:

Harmonics (max % of fundamental) 0.9% : 3

0.4% : 5

0.3% : 7

0.2% : 9

0.1% : even 2

0.1% : all 11

rd

th

nd

– 10th

th

– 40th

Voltage 230 Vrms ± 2%

Frequency 50Hz ± 0.5% Crest Factor (Vpk/Vrms) Between 1.40 and 1.42 Phase of Vpk Between 87° and 93° after zero crossing

All the above parameters are continuously monitored. All supply parameters are compared against the limits and a pass or fail indication is given in the Harmonic Summary section of the display.

12

The Load Power group shows the true power (Watts), apparent power (V.A) and power factor (W/V.A). The maximum value of the true power is also shown.

The Load Current group shows the rms and peak load currents, together with the total harmonic distortion (THD), the phase of the current peak, the calculated crest factor (Ipk / Irms) and the total harmonic current (this is the rms sum of all the harmonics between 2 and 40 and can be used to find a worst case operating condition of the load under test).

The Harmonic Summary group gives a simple overview of the supply and load harmonic status. It states whether the supply passes or fails the specified requirements; compliance quality measurements can obviously only be made with a supply that meets the harmonics, voltage, frequency, crest factor and phase requirements described earlier. It also states the load class as declared by the user and any power related exclusions detected by the analyser; refer to the Test Control section. Lastly the display states whether the load current passes or fails the harmonics limits of the Class shown.

When the instrument is operated in Inrush or Flicker mode the region at the bottom of the screen is used to display a summary of those measurements instead of the Harmonic Summary. In Flicker mode two further display pages are available: one showing Voltage Variations and the second Flicker Results. For full details, see the relevant chapters in this manual.

13

With the Power Meter view displayed, pressing SET-UP shows the Power Meter set-up screen, which gives access to the Setup Range soft-key. In Flicker mode, it also gives access to the Flicker and Voltage Variations result pages. See the Flicker Meter chapter for details.

Set-up Range

Pressing the Setup Range soft-key (on either the Meter or Waveform Graph views) changes the display to a graphical view of the current waveform with three further soft-keys: Up, Down and Lock Range. Pressing any of these turns off auto-ranging; the Lock Range key keeps the present measurement range, while the Up and Down keys change the range in x2 and ÷2 steps respectively. The scaling of the waveform display changes to reflect the peak capability of the new range and the maximum current is shown in the bottom left-hand corner of the display; for example, 1500mA peak means that the top of the display represents +1500mA and the bottom represents –1500mA with respect to the centre zero line.

The range can be set from 24mA peak to 400A peak in 2:1 steps. The waveform display on this set-up screen is always updated every cycle, regardless of the mode set up for the Waveform Graph view.

Important Note: To take compliance quality measurements the range must not change during the

Power Meter Set-up

test. The user must select a range that will accommodate the highest waveform peak that will be encountered during the load’s operating cycle. It is therefore recommended that a preliminary assessment of the load should be made, with the instrument in auto-range mode, to determine the highest peak current operating condition. The instrument should then be locked on this range to ensure that harmonics measurements are correct and that the derived values (Average, Max Hold and Min Hold etc.) are meaningful.

If too low a range is chosen, no damage will be done, but all the measurement results will be invalid and the message Overload will show in the status line at the top of the Meter View display. It is more important to maintain adequate ‘headroom’ for the measurement, i.e. to avoid overload, than it is to maximise the vertical resolution on the Waveform Graph view; measurement accuracy is maintained even when the vertical scaling of the display is well below optimum.

Once the range is locked, the Lock Range soft-key label becomes Auto Range; pressing this key releases the lock and allows the instrument to auto-range on the present waveform. Several other soft-keys 'toggle' between alternate choices in this way; it is only necessary to remember that at any time the soft-key box shows what will happen when the key is pressed.

Having set the range (or selected auto-range), the previous view can be recalled by pressing the VIEW key.

Auto-ranging is only available in Harmonics operating mode (see the Test Control section). Note that auto-ranging is disabled while the LOAD switch is OFF to prevent the instrument autoranging to the most sensitive range when there is no load current. At switch-on the default range is 3A peak if the LOAD switch is OFF; at other times, switching the LOAD to OFF locks the range at the setting currently in use.

In Flicker mode with voltage sensing, the range can be manually changed, but should be left at a setting that avoids overload at any time during the test. When current sensing is selected, the range is fixed to suit the requirements of the calculations and cannot be changed.

On selecting Peak Inrush mode, the highest current range is initially set; it can be manually changed as required.

14

Waveform Graph View

The Waveform Graph display (which is the default display at instrument switch on) can be selected by pressing the WAVE key whenever the green VIEW lamp is lit. The default format of the display is a full-screen view of both the voltage and current waveforms. The format of the display can be changed in various ways as described in the Waveform Graph Set-up section below.

At the top of the display the scaling for both voltage and current are given. There are 8 divisions vertically, thus 100mA/div is the scaling shown if the ± 400mA peak range has been selected on the set-up screen. In auto-range mode (the default condition) the most sensitive range that gives an in-range display is automatically selected. To avoid excessive range changes when the measurement is near a range boundary the instrument auto-ranges up at full-scale and autoranges down at about 0.44 times full-scale.

The voltage display has two ranges only: 100V/div, for nominal 230V supplies, and 50V/div for nominal 115V supplies; the voltage range is set by declaring the nominal voltage on the Test Control set-up display.

The X-axis of the single cycle display is divided into 6 divisions, each representing 60° of phase. The rising zero-crossing point of the single voltage waveform cycle displayed is positioned at the left edge of the display for the default selection of voltage as the Trigger Source; this will change if alternative Trigger Sources are selected, see Trigger Source section.

The X-axis is marked every 180º of the 2 cycle display and every cycle of the 4 and 10 cycle displays.

15

Waveform Graph Set-up

With the Waveform Graph view displayed, pressing SET-UP shows the Waveform Graph set-up screen.

With the exception of the Setup Range key, the functions of the soft-keys change as the edit

zone is moved through the editable fields of the display using the described below. Pressing the VIEW key returns the display to the Waveform Graph view.

Set-up Range

Pressing the Setup Range soft-key (on either the Meter or Waveform Graph views) changes the display to a graphical view of the current waveform with three further soft-keys: Up, Down and Lock Range. Pressing any of these turns off auto-ranging; the Lock Range key keeps the present measurement range, while the Up and Down keys change the range in x2 and ÷2 steps respectively. The scaling of the waveform display changes to reflect the peak capability of the new range and the maximum current is shown in the bottom left-hand corner of the display; for example, 1500mA peak means that the top of the display represents +1500mA and the bottom represents –1500mA with respect to the centre zero line. The range can be set from 24mA peak to 400A peak in 2:1 steps. The waveform display on this set-up screen is always updated every cycle, regardless of the mode set up for the Waveform Graph view.

Important Note: To take compliance quality measurements the range must not change during the

keys; each field is

test. The user must select a range that will accommodate the highest waveform peak that will be encountered during the load’s operating cycle. It is therefore recommended that a preliminary assessment of the load should be made, with the instrument in auto-range mode, to determine the highest peak current operating condition. The instrument should then be locked on this range to ensure that harmonics measurements are correct and that the derived values (Average, Max Hold and Min Hold etc.) are meaningful.

If too low a range is chosen, no damage will be done but all the measurement results will be invalid and the message Overload will show in the status line at the top of the Meter View display. It is more important to maintain adequate ‘headroom’ for the measurement, i.e. to avoid overload, than it is to maximise the vertical resolution on the Waveform Graph view; measurement accuracy is maintained even when the vertical scaling of the display is well below optimum.

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Screen

Once the range is locked, the Lock Range soft-key label becomes Auto Range; pressing this key releases the lock and allows the instrument to auto-range on the present waveform. Several other soft-keys 'toggle' between alternate choices in this way; it is only necessary to remember that at any time the soft-key box shows what will happen when the key is pressed.

Auto-ranging is only available in Harmonics operating mode (see the Test Control section). Note that auto-ranging is disabled while the LOAD switch is OFF to prevent the instrument autoranging to the most sensitive range when there is no load current. At switch-on the default range is 3A peak if the LOAD switch is OFF; at other times, switching the LOAD to OFF locks the range at the setting currently in use.

In Flicker mode with voltage sensing, the range can be manually changed, but should be left at a setting that avoids overload at any time during the test. When current sensing is selected, the range is fixed to suit the requirements of the calculations and cannot be changed.

On selecting Peak Inrush mode, the highest current range is initially set; it can be manually changed as required.

Having set the range (or selected auto-range), the Waveform Graph view can be recalled by pressing the VIEW key.

With the edit zone in the Screen field, the soft-key choices are Single Screen and Split Screen. The default mode is Single Screen, which uses the whole display with 8 vertical divisions. Split Screen changes the screen into 2 separate displays, each with 4 vertical divisions; this is particularly useful when the current waveform is essentially in phase with the voltage and displaying both together would cause confusion. At the same time the Waveform Graph set-up display changes to add extra editable fields (mode and Traces) for the second display, see below.

Mode

With the edit zone in the mode field the soft-key choices are as follows:

Normal:

Accumulate:

Max Hold:

The display is updated every waveform cycle. This is the default mode.

The display is written to every waveform cycle without erasing the previous data. A history of the waveform is built on the screen, which means that shortterm aberrations can be captured.

The Accumulated display is lost when the view is changed, and can be manually cleared at any time by pressing the VIEW key twice. Since it is also automatically cleared at every range change it may be necessary to lock the current range, see Set-up Range section above. For clarity, it is recommended that only one waveform be accumulated, by selecting either Voltage or Current (see Traces section below).

The display is updated every waveform cycle with the greater of the new and existing value at every point on the display.

The Max Hold algorithm keeps the largest amplitude (positive or negative) for each pixel. This often results in an apparent small discontinuity in the maximum hold waveform at the zero-crossing point.

The Max Hold data can be manually reset at any time by pressing the START key. It is also automatically reset at every range change, so it may be necessary to lock the current range, see Set-up Range section above.

Average:

When split screen is selected, the modes for the upper and lower screens can be set independently. Changing between single screen and split screen will also change the modes to those last used for that screen set-up. The modes are maintained when the view is changed.

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The display is updated every waveform cycle with a rolling average of the last 8 cycles. This mode offers a degree of noise reduction.

Thurlby Thandar Instruments HA1600 User Manual

Table of Contents

High performance power analyser

Compliance-quality harmonics analyser

Introduction

Compliance-quality flicker meter

A full range of interfaces

HA1600 and HA1600A

Specification

MAINS ANALYSER

HARMONICS ANALYSER

VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS & FLICKER METER

GENERAL

Safety

Emissions

Immunity

Cautions

Mains Operating Voltage – Instrument Power

Mains Operating Voltage – Load Power

Installation

Fuse – Instrument Power

Fuse – Load Power

Mains Lead

Front Panel Connections

Appliance Connector

Voltage and Current Monitor

Connections

Rear Panel Connections

Instrument Power and Load Power

RS232

Printer

Initial Operation

Switching On

Display Contrast

Keyboard

Stored Settings and their Factory Defaults

Power Meter View

Set-up Range

Power Meter Set-up

Waveform Graph View

Waveform Graph Set-up

Set-up Range

Screen

Mode