Texas instruments TI-NSPIRE CAS Getting Started

CAS

Getting Started with the

TI-Nspire™ Handheld

This guidebook applies to TI-Nspire™ software version 1.4. To obtain the latest version of the documentation, go to education.ti.com/guides.

Important Information

Except as otherwise expressly stated in the License that accompanies a program, Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the amount set forth in the license for the program. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.

FCC Statement

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Macintosh®, Windows®, Excel®, Vernier EasyLink®, EasyTemp®, Go!®Link, Go!®Motion, and Go!®Temp are trademarks of their respective owners.

Contents

Important Information................................................................... ii

Introduction ............................................................................1

The TI-Nspire™ CAS math and science learning handheld.......... 1

How to use this guidebook............................................................ 1

Getting Started .......................................................................3

TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld keys...................................................... 3

Keyboard shortcuts ........................................................................ 4

Initial startup ..................................................................................5

Replacing batteries.........................................................................5

Adjusting the contrast ................................................................... 6

Turning the handheld on and off.................................................. 6

Turning on your TI-Nspire™ handheld for the first time............. 7

The Home menu............................................................................. 8

The TI-Nspire™ handheld screen................................................... 9

Viewing status information.........................................................10

Viewing system settings...............................................................11

Document Settings....................................................................... 11

Changing document settings....................................................... 12

System settings ............................................................................. 13

Changing system settings ............................................................ 13

Handheld Status ........................................................................... 14

Checking available memory......................................................... 14

Freeing Memory ........................................................................... 14

Sharing files with a computer or another device....................... 15

Upgrading the operating system ................................................ 16

Resetting the memory.................................................................. 17

Displaying the About screen........................................................ 18

Viewing Hints ............................................................................... 18

Using the catalog ......................................................................... 19

Entering special characters .......................................................... 20

Entering Math expressions .......................................................... 20

Entering international language characters............................... 21

Working with Documents.....................................................23

Documents.................................................................................... 23

Page Sorter ................................................................................... 23

My Documents.............................................................................. 24

Creating documents..................................................................... 24

Creating a document with an application.................................. 25

Working with applications........................................................... 26

iii

Application menu ......................................................................... 26

Context menu ...............................................................................27

Page Tools menu...........................................................................28

Changing the page layout ...........................................................28

Repositioning applications on a page.........................................31

Adding a problem to a document............................................... 32

Adding a page to a problem........................................................32

Moving through pages in a document........................................33

Saving a document .......................................................................33

Viewing and reordering pages in a document ...........................34

Document settings........................................................................37

Managing documents...................................................................39

Linking values on pages...............................................................43

Libraries......................................................................................... 50

Program Editor..............................................................................51

Sending a document to another handheld................................. 51

Using Calculator ................................................................... 53

Getting started with the Calculator application......................... 53

Entering and evaluating math expressions.................................59

Editing Calculator expressions.....................................................63

Working with the Calculator history ...........................................64

Using Graphs & Geometry ................................................... 67

Getting started with Graphs & Geometry...................................67

The Tool menu ..............................................................................68

The work area...............................................................................77

The entry line................................................................................86

Animating objects.........................................................................89

Using Lists & Spreadsheet.................................................... 95

Getting started with tables..........................................................95

Working with individual cells ....................................................101

Working with rows and columns of data..................................107

Using Data & Statistics....................................................... 111

The Tool menu ............................................................................112

Getting started with Data & Statistics .......................................120

Creating plots from spreadsheet data.......................................120

Using Notes......................................................................... 127

Getting started with the Notes application..............................127

The Notes tool menu..................................................................128

The Notes work area .................................................................. 129

Notes templates.......................................................................... 130

Inserting comments....................................................................131

Formatting Notes text................................................................ 132

Entering and evaluating math expressions .............................. 133

Using Question....................................................................135

Understanding the Question toolbar........................................ 135

Navigating in the Question application.................................... 135

Answering questions..................................................................135

Data Collection ...................................................................137

Compatible sensor interfaces .................................................... 137

Analyzing experimental data .................................................... 137

Launching the Data Collection Console.................................... 138

Getting started with the Data Collection Console ................... 141

Data Collection Console menus................................................. 143

Appendix: Service and Support .........................................147

Texas Instruments Support and Service..................................... 147

Battery Precautions .................................................................... 147

Index....................................................................................149

Introduction

The TI-Nspire™ CAS math and science learning handheld

This guidebook provides information about a powerful, advanced learning handheld available from Texas Instruments: the TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld.

Your learning handheld comes equipped with a variety of pre-installed software applications that have features relevant to different subjects and curriculums.

Extend the reach of your TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld with accessories, such as the TI-Nspire™ CAS computer software, TI-Nspire™ ViewScreen™ Panel and TI-Nspire™ Computer Link Software.

How to use this guidebook

This guidebook is intended to provide instruction for the basic operation of the TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld.

The chapters in this guidebook include: Getting Started - Provides start up information for the learning

handheld, and offers students and educators an overview of the basic operations of the TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld.

Working with Documents - Provides instruction for creating and working with documents.

Using Calculator- Provides an overview of the Calculator application. Using Graphs & Geometry - Provides an overview of the Graphs &

Geometry application. Using Lists & Spreadsheet- Provides an overview of the Lists &

Spreadsheet application. Using Data & Statistics - Provides instruction for using the Data &

Statistics application to analyze data created in other applications.

Using Notes- Provides an overview of the Notes application. Data Collection - Provides an overview of the Data Collection console. Service and Warranty Information - Includes service and warranty

information and contact information for technical support.

Introduction 1

Where to find more information

The remainder of the product information is available in electronic form. The comprehensive guidebook for using the TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld is included on the CD-ROM that came with your learning handheld. This guidebook is also available online as a free download at education.ti.com/guides.

2 Introduction

Getting Started

TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld keys

d Removes

menus or dialog boxes from the screen.

e Moves to the

next entry field.

/ Provides

access to the function or character shown above each key.

g Makes the next

character typed upper-case.

w Turns on the

TI-Nspire handheld.

cDisplays the

home menu.

bDisplays the

application or context menu.

. Clears

(erases) the entry line or deletes the selected object.

kDisplays the

catalog for entering commands.

· Evaluates an

expression, executes an instruction, or selects a menu item.

xClick button

Selects an object on the screen.

NavPad

Press 3, 4, 5,or6 to move the cursor.

Getting Started 3

/ + x

or Press and hold to display the grab cursor ÷ so you can grab an object on the screen.

Keyboard shortcuts

Use the following keyboard shortcuts to perform common

functions.

Editing Text

cut

copy

paste

undo

redo

/X

/C

/V

/Z

/Y

select application

save current document

Navigation

Home

End

Page Up

Page Down

Up a level in the hierarchy

/S

/£

Inserting Characters, Symbols

display character palette

not equal to

underscore

{

semi-colon (;)

display math template palette

/k

/=

/_

/>

/<

/:

/r

% /j

degree symbol

backslash ( \ )

Managing Documents

create new document

insert new page

/N

/I

Down a level in the hierarchy

Navigating in Documents

displays previous page

displays next page

displays Page Sorter

Wizards and Templates

add a column to a matrix

add a row to a matrix

integration template

derivative template

Modifying Display

increase contrast

decrease contrast

power off

/ 6

/¡

/¢

/£

g+

g-

/+

/-

/w

4 Getting Started

Initial startup

The TI-Nspire™ CAS math and science learning handheld uses four AAA batteries, which are provided with the product.

Installing batteries

1. Remove the battery cover from the back of the handheld.

2. Unwrap the four AAA batteries provided with your handheld and insert them into the battery compartment. Arrange the batteries according to the polarity (+ and -) diagram in the battery compartment.

3. Replace the battery cover. The cover should snap into place.

Replacing batteries

1. Save all documents and close all applications.

2. Remove the battery cover from the back of the handheld. Note: When you remove the battery cover, the handheld powers

down. You cannot operate the handheld with the battery cover removed.

3. First, remove the batteries and replace them with new AAA batteries. Arrange the batteries according to the polarity (+ and -) diagram in the battery compartment.

4. Replace the battery cover. The cover should snap into place.

Battery Precautions

Take these precautions when replacing batteries.

• Do not leave batteries within the reach of children.

Getting Started 5

• Do not mix new and used batteries. Do not mix brands, or types within brands, of batteries.

• Do not mix rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries.

• Install batteries according to polarity (+ and -) diagrams.

• Do not place non-rechargeable batteries in a battery recharger.

• Properly dispose of used batteries immediately.

• Do not incinerate or dismantle batteries.

• Seek medical advice immediately if a cell or battery has been swallowed.

Additional precautions for rechargeable batteries

• Use only the charger recommended for the cell or battery, or the one that was provided with the original equipment.

• Remove the cell or battery from the charger or alternating current adapter when not in use or being charged.

• Use of the battery in other devices may result in personal injury or damage to equipment or property.

For proper disposal of used batteries

• Do not mutilate, puncture, or dispose of batteries in fire. The batteries can burst or explode, releasing hazardous chemicals. Discard used batteries according to local regulations.

Adjusting the contrast

To lighten the display, press and hold / and tap -.

To darken the display, press

/ and tap +.

Turning the handheld on and off

To turn on the handheld, press w.

To turn off the handheld, press /w. The next time you turn on the handheld, it is in the same state as when you left it. The settings and

memory contents are retained.

Automatic Power Down

To prolong battery life, Automatic Power Down turns off the handheld after several minutes of inactivity. The next time you turn on the handheld, it is exactly as you left it.

6 Getting Started

Turning on your TI-Nspire™ handheld for the first time

f After installing the batteries, press w to turn on the handheld.

A progress bar displays while the operating system loads.

Choosing a language

After loading, the handheld prompts you to select a display language.

1. Press 6 until the desired language is highlighted, and then press

x or · to select it.

2. Press

e to highlight the OK button, and press x or · to select

it.

Choosing a font size

The handheld prompts you to select a display font size.

1. Press

Getting Started 7

6 until the font size you wish to display is highlighted, and

then press x or · to select it.

2. Press e to highlight the OK button, and press x or · to select it.

Note: You can reset the font size on your handheld at any time by changing the system settings.

When you have selected the font size, the This screen describes a few of the basics of using your new handheld.

Press 6 on the NavPad to scroll down through the document.

Once you have finished with the welcome screen, press e to highlight the OK button, then press x or · to display the home menu.

Welcome screen displays.

The Home menu

The Home menu provides a starting point for all activities on your handheld. Use the Home menu to perform the following tasks:

• Creating new documents

• Opening and managing existing documents

• Viewing and changing system and document settings

• Viewing hints for operating the handheld

Using the Home menu

The Home menu displays when you power on your handheld for the first time.

Note: To return to the Home menu from any other location, press

8 Getting Started

1. Press the arrows on the NavPad (3, 4, 5,or6 ) to move among the

options on the Home menu. A brief description of each option displays at the bottom of the

screen. Note: Options that are unavailable currently are grayed out.

2. Press

x or · to select a highlighted option, or press the number

associated with the option.

For example, press

To learn more about applications and documents, see the Working with Documents chapter.

6 to open a new document.

The TI-Nspire™ handheld screen

The handheld screen provides information about the active document, system settings, and status. The following example illustrates the main elements of the handheld screen. A description of each element follows.

Getting Started 9

Ê Page tabs - indicate the problem number followed by the page

number.

Ë System settings - display the system settings in use, what modifier

keys are in use, and provides a snapshot of battery status.

Ì Status icons - indicate whether any modifier keys are active, and

display battery and memory status.

Viewing status information

The icons at the top of the handheld screen provide a quick look at the operating status. Icons show:

• Any active modifier keys

• The current page number and the total page number

• Battery status and low memory

Icon Indicator Action

Active key

critical

good

low

10 Getting Started

Battery status Indicates battery life.

Indicates whether / or g keys are active.

Viewing system settings

The system information menu allows you to view the following system information:

• Document settings

• System settings

• Handheld status

• About screen Not all options are accessible at all times. For example, if no document is

open, you cannot view document settings. Options that are currently unavailable are grayed out.

Document Settings

Document settings control how the handheld displays and interprets information in each document. All numbers, including elements of matrices and lists, display according to the document settings.

Document Settings Options

The following table lists the document settings and their possible values.

Field Values

Display Digits Float

Float1 - Float12 Fix0 - Fix12

Angle Radian

Degree Gradian

Exponential Format Normal

Scientific Engineering

Real or Complex Real

Rectangular Polar

Exact or Approx. Auto

Exact Approximate

Getting Started 11

Field Values

Vector Format Rectangular

Cylindrical Spherical

Base Decimal

Hex Binary

Unit System SI

Eng/US

Changing document settings

1. Press /c16to open the Document Settings dialog box.

2. Press

3. When you reach the desired setting, press

4. Press the

e to move through the list of settings. Press 3 to move back

through the list. A bold line around a box indicates it is active.

6 to expand the selection

list.

5 and 6 keys to highlight the desired option, and press

x or · .

5. Press the

6. Press

Note: To apply the new settings to the device, highlight

System

12 Getting Started

4 key to highlight OK.

x or · to apply the new document settings.

Apply to

and press x or ·.

System settings

System settings apply default settings to all documents on the handheld. When you create a new document, it uses the system settings, by default, to control how the document displays and interprets information. Document settings applied to an individual document override the system settings. System settings also control the language and the font size for the handheld.

Changing system settings

1. Press c82to open the System Settings window.

2. Press e until the desired category is highlighted.

3. Press

4. Press

5. Press

Getting Started 13

6 to display the list of possible settings.

6 to highlight the desired setting.

x or · to select the new setting.

6. When you have changed all the settings to suit your needs, press

e until OK is highlighted, and press x or · to apply your

changes.

Note: Click

Defaults to return the handheld to the factory settings.

Handheld Status

The Handheld Status screen shows the amount of memory (in bytes) used by all documents and variables on your TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld. The Handheld Status screen displays the following information:

• Storage Capacity

•Space Used

• Free Space

• Battery Status

Checking available memory

1. Press c83.

2. Press x or dor · to dismiss the Handheld Status screen.

Freeing Memory

If you have insufficient memory to store documents on your handheld, you must free memory to create the space you need. To free memory, you must delete documents and/or folders from memory. To keep the documents and folders for use later, back them up to another handheld or to a computer.

14 Getting Started

Deleting items from memory

If you have unnecessary documents stored, you can delete them from memory to create additional space.

Before you delete documents, consider restoring sufficient available memory by copying files to another handheld.

1. Open My Documents.

c7.

Press

2. Press

3. Press

4. Press

£ or ¤ to select the folder or document you want to delete.

x or · to confirm that you want to delete the file.

Note: Press

d to cancel the deletion. Press /Z to cancel.

Sharing files with a computer or another device

You can connect your TI-Nspire™ handheld to a computer or another device with a USB Computer Cable. This allows you to share files. Your handheld comes with two different USB Computer Cables.

Connecting your handheld with a USB cable

You can use USB cables to connect two TI-Nspire™ CAS handhelds, to connect a TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld to a computer.

TI-Nspire™ USB connection cable to connect handheld to a computer using TI-Nspire™ Computer Link software.

TI-Nspire™ unit-to-unit USB cable to connect two TINspire™ handhelds

Backing up files to another handheld

To back up files to another TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld, follow the steps below. Complete instructions for connecting two handhelds are included in the electronic version of the handheld guidebook, provided on the CD that came with your handheld.

Getting Started 15

Connecting two TI-Nspire™ CAS handhelds with the USB unit-to-unit cable

The TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld USB A port is located at the center of the top of the handheld.

1. Firmly insert either end of the USB unit-to-unit cable into the USB A port.

2. Insert the other end of the cable into the receiving unit’s USB A port.

Sending a document

1. Press c7 to open My Documents on the sending unit.

2. Press the 5 and 6 keys to highlight the document you want to send.

3. Press

4. When the file transfer is complete, a message displays on the

/c15 to select Send from the document menu.

receiving unit.

Upgrading the operating system

You can upgrade the OS on your TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld using your computer and TI-Nspire™ Computer Link software. You can also transfer the OS from one handheld to another.

OS upgrade operations do not delete user documents. If there is not enough room on the receiving handheld for the upgrade, the sending handheld is notified. The only time documents can be affected by an OS installation is if the receiving handheld has a corrupted OS. In this situation, documents may be affected by OS restoration. It is a good practice to back up your important documents and folders before installing an updated operating system.

See the important information below concerning batteries before performing an OS upgrade.

Important Operating System download information

You should always install new batteries before beginning an OS download.

16 Getting Started

When in OS download mode, the Automatic Power Down feature does not function. If you leave your handheld in download mode for an extended time before you begin the downloading process, your batteries may become depleted. You will then need to replace the batteries with new batteries before downloading.

(APD)

Where to get Operating System upgrades

For up-to-date information about available OS upgrades, check the Texas Instruments web site at http://education.ti.com.

You can download an OS upgrade from the Texas Instruments web site to a computer, and use a USB computer cable to install the OS on your TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld.

For complete information, refer to the instructions in the chapter on TI-Nspire™ Computer Link software.

Backing up files to a computer

Use the TI-Nspire™ Computer Link software to back up the contents of your handheld to a computer. TI-Nspire™ Computer Link software is available on the product CD that came with your handheld.

Resetting the memory

The Reset button on the underside of the handheld resets all memory. This function restores RAM and Flash memory to factory settings. All files will be deleted. All system variables are reset to default settings.

Caution: Before you reset all memory, consider restoring sufficient available memory by deleting only selected data.

To reset all memory on the handheld, follow these steps.

1. Use a paper clip or ball point pen to press the Reset button on the

underside of the handheld.

2. Hold for three seconds and release.

Getting Started 17

Handheld memory is cleared.

When you clear memory, the contrast sometimes changes. If the screen is faded or blank, adjust the contrast by pressing

/+ or /-.

Displaying the About screen

The About screen displays information about theTI-Nspire™ CAS handheld type, the operating system (OS) version, and product ID.

To dis play the About screen, press

For information regarding OS updates, see the chapter Transferring Files in the electronic version of the handheld guidebook. This guidebook is available on the CD that came with your handheld, or on the Texas Instruments web site: http://education.ti.com/guides.

c84.

Viewing Hints

Hints provide helpful information for navigating the handheld. To view Hints, press c9.

18 Getting Started

Using the catalog

Use the catalog to access a list of TI-Nspire™ commands and functions, units, symbols and expression templates. Commands and functions are listed alphabetically. Commands or functions not beginning with a letter are found at the end of the list (&, /, +, -, and so on.).

The catalog window uses six tabs to categorize commands, special characters, and templates:

Contains all commands and functions, in alphabetical order

Contains all math functions

Provides the values for standard measurement units

Provides a symbol palette for adding special characters

Contains math templates for creating two dimensional objects, including product, sum, square root and integral

Shows public library (LibPub) objects

Opening the catalog

1. Press k to open the catalog.

2. Press the number key corresponding to the appropriate tab.

For example, press

3. Press

Getting Started 19

6 until the item you want to insert is highlighted.

4 to show a table of symbols.

A syntax example for the selected item displays at the bottom of the screen.

Note: To see additional syntax examples of the selected item, press

e, and then press · to maximize or minimize the Help. To move

back to the selected item, press

ge.

4. Press

Using wizards

Some functions have a wizard to help you enter function arguments. To use the wizard, press

· to insert the item.

e until the Use Wizard box is highlighted. Press

x or · to select the check box.

Entering special characters

The symbol palette contains a subset of the objects found in the catalog.

1. To display the symbol palette, press

2. Press 3, 4, 5oor 6 until the desired symbol is highlighted.

/k.

3. Press

· to insert the symbol.

Entering Math expressions

Math expression templates help you create two-dimensional objects including partial, product, sum, square root, and integral.

1. To display the math expressions palette, press

20 Getting Started

/r.

2. Press 3, 4, 5oor 6 until the item you want to insert is highlighted.

3. Press

x or · to insert the item.

Entering international language characters

The ; key allows you to enter specially accented or punctuated characters in applications that allow text input.

1. Open an application that allows text input.

2. Type the desired text.

3. Position the cursor after the letter that you want to accent. For example, "e" while in the French locale.

4. Press

; on the keypad. Notice that the "e" changes to "é." Keep

pressing Press continue typing.

; until you find the accented version of e that you want.

_ or the next letter of your text to accept the character and

Getting Started 21

22 Getting Started

Working with Documents

The TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld lets you save your work in documents, which you can share with other handheld users, and those using the desktop software. In fact, all of the work you do with the TI-Nspire™ handheld is contained in one or more documents. The three main components involved in organizing and saving work on your handheld are:

•Documents

• Page Sorter

• My Documents

Documents

The TI-Nspire™ document model is simple and easy to use when you understand its structure.

• Each document is divided into one or more problems.

• Each problem contains one or more pages.

• Each page can be divided into as many as four work areas.

• Each work area can contain any of the TI-Nspire™ math and science learning technology applications (Calculator, Graphs & Geometry, Lists & Spreadsheet, Data & Statistics and Notes).

Page Sorter

Although the handheld typically displays the pages in your document one at a time, the Page Sorter lets you see all of the problems in your document and all pages within each problem in thumbnail format. You can use the Page Sorter to rearrange and delete pages, and copy a page from one problem and paste it in another.

Working with Documents 23

My Documents

My Documents is a file manager where you store and organize your documents. Documents are stored in folders.

Creating documents

There are two methods for creating a document. You can create a blank document and then add applications and apply a layout, or if no document is currently open, you can create a document containing a single application.

Creating a blank document

f Press c6 to open a document from the home menu, or use the

shortcut keys. Shortcut keys: /N

A new document opens and displays a blank page with the Add Application menu.

Note: The tab at the top left of the screen indicates that this is the first page of the first problem.

24 Working with Documents

Adding an application

f Press the number that corresponds to the application you wish to

add to the page.

For example, press the page. The application displays in the work area.

2 to add the Graphs & Geometry application to

Creating a document with an application

If no documents are currently open, you can create a document with an application already added.

f Press

Working with Documents 25

c and select the number of the application you want to

create. For example, press c3 to create a new Lists & Spreadsheet page.

A new document opens with Lists & Spreadsheet on the page.

Note: If you are currently working in a document, this method adds a new page, containing the selected application.

Working with applications

Once you have added an application to your page, there are three menus that provide access to the features and functionality of the application, and allow you to manipulate your documents. These menus are:

• Application menu

• Context menu

• Page Tools menu

Application menu

The Application menu displays tools for working with a specific application. Each application has a unique menu.

Using the Application menu

1. If you are on a blank page, press b to display the Application

menu. The menu displays applications that you can add to the page.

2. Press the number of the application you want to add to the page. For example, press

26 Working with Documents

3 to add the Lists & Spreadsheet application.

3. Press b to display the Application menu.

When you have an application on a page, the Application menu displays options for working with the current application. The example below displays the Application menu for the Lists & Spreadsheet application.

Context menu

The context menu displays options that are specific to the selected object or the current cursor location.

Using the Context menu

f To access a context-sensitive menu from an application, press

/b.

In the example below, the context menu displays options available for the selected cell in Lists & Spreadsheet.

Working with Documents 27

Page Tools menu

The Page Tools menu allows you to move between pages, modify page layout, insert pages or problems, delete pages and change document settings.

Using the Page Tools menu

1. Press /c

2. Press the number of the option you wish to select. For example, to change the page layout, press 5.

to display the menu.

Changing the page layout

When you create a new document, it contains space to add one application. If you need to add more than one application to a page, you can change the layout to accommodate as many as four applications.

You can choose a standard layout, provided as a menu item, or you can customize a layout to suit your needs.

Choosing a standard layout

1. Press /c5 to display layout options.

28 Working with Documents

2. If you want to select a standard layout, press 2.

3. Press the number that corresponds to the layout you want to apply to the page.

For example, press vertically on the page. The page is divided into the layout design you have selected.

4. Press

/e to move to the right pane on the page.

2 to create a two-pane layout, divided

Working with Documents 29

5. Press the number of the application you want to add the new pane. For example, to add the Graphs & Geometry application to the right

pane, press

Note: If you need to change the layout of the page to add or delete applications, you can do so at any time.

Creating a custom layout

If the standard layouts do not meet your needs, you can customize the space allotted to applications on a page.

1. Press

30 Working with Documents

/c5 to display layout options.

2. Press 1 to select the custom split option.

The standard layout displays, with a blinking divider between the application panes.

3. Press

4. Press

£, ¤, ¡ or ¢ to move the divider to adjust the height and

width of the panes in the layout.

Note: Press

+ or - to select a defined layout.

xor · to accept the layout dimensions.

Repositioning applications on a page

If you want to change the position of applications on a page with multiple applications, you can do so by "swapping" the positions of two applications.

Swapping applications

1. From the Page Layout menu, select Swap Applications.

Press /c54

2. Press /e to select the application you want to move.

The selected application is surrounded by a heavy, flashing black border, and the Swap App cursor

Note: On a two-pane page layout, the selected application automatically swaps position with the opposite pane. Press or

· to complete the swap.

3. Press

£, ¤, ¡ or ¢ to position the cursor over the application you are

targeting to swap.

é displays on the screen.

Working with Documents 31

4. Press xor · to complete the swap.

Note: Press

d to cancel the swap.

Adding a problem to a document

A document can contain as many as 30 problems. To add a new problem:

1. Press

/c41.

A new problem with one page is added to the document.

Note: The tab at the top left of the screen indicates that this is the first page of the second problem.

2. Press the number of the application you want to add to the new page.

Adding a page to a problem

Each problem can contain up to 50 pages. To add a new page to a problem:

f Press

32 Working with Documents

/c42 to add a blank page

f Press c to display the Home menu, then press the number of the

application you’d like to add to the new page in the problem.

For example, press application.

Shortcut keys:

A new page is added to the current problem.

Note: The tab at the top left of the screen indicates that this is the second page of the second problem.

c1to add a new page with the Calculator

/I.

Moving through pages in a document

Use the following keys to navigate through your documents.

/ 3 displays the previous page.

/ 4 displays the next page.

/ 5 displays the Page Sorter.

Saving a document

If you are working in a document and want to save it:

1. Press

Working with Documents 33

/c13or

Shortcut keys:

If you are saving the document for the first time, you will be asked which folder to save it to, and what to name the document.

2. Type a name for the new document.

3. If you want to save the document in a different folder, press

geand type a new folder name, or press x to view a list of

existing folders.

4. Press

5. Press

6. Press

¤ to highlight the folder name and press x to select it.

e to select OK.

xor · to save the document.

Viewing and reordering pages in a document

The Page Sorter displays all of the problems in your document and all pages within each problem in thumbnail format. You can use the Page Sorter to rearrange and delete pages, copy a page from one problem and paste it in another and apply templates to pages.

Opening the Page Sorter from a document

f Press /c33 or

Shortcut keys: / £.

The Page Sorter screen displays all of the problems and pages in the current document.

34 Working with Documents

Reordering pages in a problem

To move a page within a document from the Page Sorter:

1. Use the

A heavy border around the page indicates that it is selected.

2. Either press and hold displays.

3. Press 3 , 4, 5 and 6 to move the page to the desired position.

4. Press

Note: You can press

The page moves to the new location within the problem, and the counter adjusts accordingly.

3 and 4 keys to select the page you want to move.

xor press / xuntil the grab cursor ÷

x or · to finish the move.

d to cancel.

Working with Documents 35

Copying a page to another problem

To copy a page from one problem to another in the same document:

1. Press

3 , 4, 5 and 6 to select the page you want to copy.

A heavy border around the page indicates that it is selected.

2. Press / C to copy the page.

3. Press

4. Press

3 , 4, 5 and 6 to move the page to the desired position in the

new problem.

/ V to paste the page in the new location.

The page moves to the new location within the problem, and the counter adjusts accordingly.

Copying a page to another document

To copy a page from one document to another document:

1. Press

36 Working with Documents

3 , 4, 5 and 6 to select the page you want to copy.

A heavy border around the page indicates that it is selected.

2. Press / C to copy the page.

3. Press

4. Press

5. Press

6. Press the

7. Press

8. Press / 5 to display the Page Sorter.

9. Press

10. Press

c 7 to open My Documents.

5 and 6 to highlight the folder containing the document you

want to copy the page to.

4 to open the folder, or press b 3.

5 and 6 keys to highlight the document.

x or · to open the document.o

3 , 4, 5 and 6 to move the page to the desired position in the

document.

/ V to paste the page in the new location.

The page moves to the new location within the problem, and the counter adjusts accordingly.

Document settings

You can change the mode settings for a document when you want to use settings different from those you have specified for the handheld. For instance, if you want to change the angle mode or exponential format used by the current document without changing the settings for every document on the handheld, use Document Settings to do so.

Changing document settings

1. Press c81 to display the Document Settings dialog box.

Working with Documents 37

2. Press e to move down through the list of settings.

Note: Press

3. When you reach the setting that you want to change, press expand the selection list.

4. Press the and press

5. Press

6. Press Note: If you want these settings to apply to future documents also,

highlight

geif you need to move back up through the list.

5 and 6 keys to highlight the option you wish to select

xor ·.

e until the OK button is highlighted.

x or · to apply the new document settings.

Apply to System and press x.

6 to

38 Working with Documents

Managing documents

My Documents is a file manager where you store and organize your documents. The example below illustrates the My Documents screen with its main parts labeled. Following the screen, you can find descriptions of each labeled part.

À Expanded folder Á Unsaved document Â Collapsed folder Ã System status indicators Ä File size

Opening My Documents

To open My Documents:

f Press

c7.

Note: If you are working in a document, press / 5 / 5.

Working with Documents 39

The My Documents screen opens, displaying all folders and files on the handheld.

Opening documents

To open a document:

1. Press

2. Press

3. Press the

4. Press

5 and 6 to highlight the folder containing the document.

xor · to open the folder.

5 and 6 keys to highlight the document you want to

open.

xor · to open the document.o

Expanding folders

To expand a single folder:

1. Press

2. Press

3. The icon changes to the opened icon and a list displays showing

5 and 6 to highlight the folder.

xor · to open the folder.

all documents within the folder.

Expanding all folders

To expand all folders on the My Documents screen:

f Press

b 5.

All folders expand to display their contents.

Renaming folders or documents

To rename a folder or document:

1. Press the want to rename.

2. Press

40 Working with Documents

5 and 6 keys to highlight the document or folder you

b 2.

The document or folder name is highlighted.

3. Type a new name and press · to complete the change.

Note: Press

d to cancel.

Collapsing folders

To collapse a single folder:

f Press

To collapse all folders:

f Press b 6 to collapse all folders.

3 tto collapse an expanded folder. The icon returns to the closed

folder icon and the contents of the folder no longer display on the screen.

Creating folders

You can create folders two different ways:

• You can create a folder when you save a new document: The and Save As... menu commands allow you to enter a new folder name for the document.

• You can create a folder directly from the My Documents screen. Press

Save

b 1. Type a name for new folder, and press xor · to add it.

File and folder naming conventions

Folder names must be unique. File and folder names can be very long, and can include almost all characters, including spaces and punctuation.

Deleting documents and folders

1. Press 5 and 6 to highlight the document or folder you want to delete.

Working with Documents 41

2. Press / c 2 6 or press ..

A dialog box displays, confirming that you want to delete the file or folder.

3. Press

Note: Press

xor · to select Yes.

The document is deleted.

/ c 2 1 to Undo a file or folder deletion.

Duplicating documents and folders

Use Copy / C and Paste / V to duplicate documents and folders.

To copy a document to another folder, select the desired folder, then paste.

Recovering deleted documents

Most operations performed in My Documents can be undone. Press

/Z (Undo) to cancel the last operation until the deleted document is

restored.

42 Working with Documents

Linking values on pages

Variable linking is a powerful tool for building and exploring mathematical models. Values and functions created or defined in one application can interact with other applications (within the same problem) to share data.

When using linked items, keep in mind:

• Values can be linked between applications on one page or between different pages of the same problem.

• All applications are linked to the same actual data. If you delete it from any application, all references to the data are lost.

• If the linked value is changed in the original application, the change is reflected in all linked usages.

Each application allows you to define a value or function as a variable. Defining a variable is the first step in linking values.

Creating TI-Nspire™ variables

Variables can be any portion or attribute of an object or function created within an application. Examples of attributes that can become variables are the area of a rectangle, the radius of a circle, the value contained in a spreadsheet cell or the contents of a row or column, or a function expression. When you create a variable, it is stored in memory within the problem .

Types of variables

You can store the following data types as variables:

Data type Examples

Expression

List {2, 4, 6, 8} {1, 1, 2}

Matrix

2.54 1.25E6 2p xmin/10 2+3i (xN2)

123

This can be entered as:

[1,2,3;3,6,9]

369

Character string “Hello” “xmin/10” “The answer is:”

Function myfunc( arg ) ellipse( x, y, r1, r2 )

Measurement coordinate, length, perimeter, slope, angle, integral

Working with Documents 43

Creating a variable from a Graphs & Geometry value

1. Click to select the value to store as a variable.

2. Do one of the following:

• Press

3. Press default variable name. Type over VAR with the variable name you want to give the value.

h. The Variables options are displayed with Store

highlighted.

/ L to display the Variables options. Store is

highlighted.

·. VAR := appears before the selected value. This is the

4. When the variable name is typed, press that variable name, and the stored value or its name appears in bold text to indicate it is a stored value.

44 Working with Documents

·. The value is saved to

Creating a variable from a Lists & Spreadsheet cell value

You can share a cell value with other TI-Nspire™ math and science learning technology applications. When defining or referring to a shared cell in Lists & Spreadsheet, you precede the name with an apostrophe (‘).

1. Click the cell that you want to share.

2. Press

3. Replace the letters “var” with a name for the variable, and press

Note: If a variable with the name you specified already exists in the current problem, Lists & Spreadsheet displays an error message.

hor / L. A formula is inserted into the cell with var as a

placeholder for a variable name.

·.

The value is now available as a variable to other TI-Nspire™ math and science learning technology applications within the current problem.

Creating Calculator variables

As alternatives to using h, you can use “:=” or the Define command. All of the following statements are equivalent.

5+8

& num

num := 5+8

Define num=5+8

Special considerations for variables

Rules for naming variables

Variable and function names that you create must meet the following naming rules.

Working with Documents 45

Note: Avoid defining variables that use the same names as those used for statistical analysis. In some cases, an error condition could occur. Variable names used for statistical analysis are listed in the Appendix of Functions, under the

StatMatrix entry.

• You can use 1 to 16 characters consisting of letters, digits, and the underscore character (_). Letters can be U.S. or Greek letters (but not Π or p), accented letters, and international letters.

• You can use uppercase or lowercase letters. The names AB22, Ab22, aB22, and ab22 all refer to the same variable.

• Do not use spaces.

• If you use an underscore as the first character, the variable it is considered a type of unit, such as _m, _ft, and _in. Units do not allow subsequent underscores in the name.

• You cannot use a preassigned variable or function name, such as ans

min.

or Note: For a complete list of TI-Nspire™ functions, refer to the

TI-Nspire™ Reference Guide.

Here are some examples:

Variable name Valid?

Myvar Yes

My var No. Contains a space.

a Yes

Log No. Name is preassigned to the

log( ) function.

Log1 Yes

Preventing name conflicts

A TI-Nspire™ shared variable can have the same name as a table cell or column letter. To help you prevent name conflicts in your table formulas, Lists & Spreadsheet provides syntax rules.

• To refer to a variable whose name could conflict with the name of a cell (such as A1), precede the variable name with an apostrophe (‘A1).

46 Working with Documents

• To refer to a table column (such as A) without conflicting with a single-letter variable name A, follow the column letter with a pair of brackets (A[]).

Use this syntax: To refer to: Remarks

myvar The shared variable

myvar.

A1 The table cell at

column A, row 1.

‘A1 The shared variable A1. The apostrophe makes this a

A The shared variable A. This syntax never refers to column

No special syntax needed, because this name does not conflict with a cell or column reference.

This syntax always refers to table cell A1—never to variable A1.

reference to variable A1—never to table cell A1.

A[] Column A of the

current table.

Brackets make this a reference to column A—never to variable A.

Checking a variable’s value using the Calculator application

You can check the value of an existing variable by entering its name on the Calculator entry line.

f On the Calculator entry line, type the variable name num and press

·.

The value most recently stored in num is displayed as the result.

Using (linking) TI-Nspire™ variables

Sharing, or linking, the variables you create is a powerful tool for math exploration. The display of linked variables is automatically updated when the variable’s value changes.

In the following two examples, two data lists were created in Lists & Spreadsheet and then plotted in Graphs & Geometry.

Working with Documents 47

When the values are altered in Lists & Spreadsheet, they automatically update in Graphs & Geometry.

Linking to shared variables

To use a stored variable:

1. Display the page and select the location or object to which you want to link a variable.

2. Do one of the following:

• Press

• Select

3. Press £ and ¤ to scroll the list, or type part of the variable name. As you type, the TI-Nspire™ system displays a list of variables that begin

with the letters you typed. Typing part of the name enables you to locate a variable more quickly if the list is long.

48 Working with Documents

h. The Variables display.

/ L to display the Variables options.

Tools > Variables.

4. When you locate and highlight the name of the variable you want to use, click the name or press

·. The selected variable value is linked.

Linking a Lists & Spreadsheet cell to a variable

When you link a cell to a variable, Lists & Spreadsheet keeps the cell value updated to reflect the current value of the variable. The variable can be any variable in the current problem space and can be defined in Graphs & Geometry, Calculator, or any instance of Lists & Spreadsheet.

Note: Do not link to a system variable. Doing so could prevent the variable from being updated by the system. System variables include ans, StatMatrix, and statistics results (such as RegEqn, dfError, and Resid).

1. Click the cell that you want to link to the variable.

2. Click or

The VarLink menu displays.

3. Under Link To, scroll to the name of the variable and click it. The cell shows the value of the variable.

/ L, and click Cell.

Removing a linked variable

To remove a linked variable from a page:

1. Select the linked variable.

2. Do one of the following:

• Press

Working with Documents 49

• Press / L to display the Variables options.

• Open the Tools menu and select the Variables option. The Variables options display.

3. Select Unlink. The link is removed from the value, and the value is

displayed without any bolding.

Libraries

A library is a TI-Nspire™ document that contains a collection of variables, functions, and/or programs that have been defined as library objects.

Unlike ordinary variables, functions, and programs, which can be used only within a single problem (the problem in which they are defined), library objects are accessible from any document. You can even create public library objects that appear in the TI-Nspire™ Catalog.

For details, see the “Libraries” chapter in Part 2 of the handheld guidebook, available on the CD that came with your handheld or on the Texas Instruments web site, http://education.ti.com.

50 Working with Documents

Program Editor

The Program Editor helps you define, edit, and manage user-defined functions and programs.

• The editor has dialog boxes to help you define functions and programs using correct syntax.

• The editor lets you enter multiple-line programming statements without requiring a special key sequence to add each line.

• You can easily create private and public library objects (variables, functions, and programs).

For details, see the “Programming” chapter in Part 2 of the handheld guidebook, available on the CD that came with your handheld or on the Texas Instruments web site, http://education.ti.com.

Sending a document to another handheld

You can send documents and Operating System (OS) files to another TI-Nspire™ handheld.

Rules for sending files

• If a document with the same name as the one you are sending already exists on the receiving TI-Nspire™ handheld, the document will be renamed. The system appends a number to the name to make it unique. For example, if a document called Mydata existed on the receiving TI-Nspire™ handheld, it would be renamed Mydata(2).

Both the sending and receiving units display a message that shows the new name.

• There is a 255-character maximum length for a file name, including the entire path. If a transmitted file has the same name as an existing file on the receiving unit and the file names contain 255 characters, then the name of the transmitted file will be truncated to allow the software to follow the renaming scheme described in the previous bullet.

• All variables associated with the document being transmitted are transfered with the document.

• Transmissions will time out after 30 seconds.

Sending a document

1. Open My Documents.

Press c7.

Working with Documents 51

2. Press the 5 and 6 keys on the NavPad to highlight the document you want to send.

3. Select Send from the My Documents menu.

Press /c15.

4. The file transfer begins. A progress bar displays to allow you to follow the transfer. There is a cancel button on the Sending... dialog that allows you to cancel the transmission while it in progress.

When the transfer is complete, a message displays. If the file was renamed on the receiving handheld, the new file name displays.

Receiving a document

No action is required by the user of the receiving TI-Nspire™ handheld. Units are automatically powered on when the cable is attached.

Canceling a transfer

1. To cancel a transmission in-progress, press Cancel on the dialog of the sending unit.

Note: To cancel a transfer from the receiving handheld, press

2. A link transmission error message displays.

3. Press

d or · to cancel the transmission error message.

For more information, see the Transferring Files chapter in Part 2 of this guidebook, available on the CD that came with your handheld, or on the Texas Instruments web site at http://education.ti.com/guides.

52 Working with Documents

Using Calculator

Getting started with the Calculator application

The Calculator application gives you a place to enter and evaluate math expressions. You can also use it to define variables, functions, and programs. When you define or edit a variable, function, or program, it becomes available to any TI-Nspire™ math and science learning technology application—such as Graphs & Geometry—that resides in the same problem.

You can also use Calculator to define library objects, such as variables, functions, and programs, which are accessible from any problem of any document. For information on creating library objects, see the “Libraries” section of the documentation.

À Calculator menu – This menu is available anytime you are in the

Calculator work area. Press b to display the menu. The menu in this screen snapshot may not exactly match the menu on your screen.

Á Calculator work area

– You enter a math expression on the entry line and then press

· to evaluate the expression.

– Expressions display in standard mathematical notation as you

enter them.

Using Calculator 53

– Entered expressions and results show in the Calculator history.

Â Example of Calculator variables used in another TI-Nspire™

application

The Calculator tool menu

The Calculator tool menu lets you enter and evaluate a variety of math expressions.

Menu Name

Actions

Number

Menu Option Function

Define Inserts the Define command.

Recall Definition Lets you view, reuse, or modify

a function or program that you have defined.

Delete Variable Inserts the

delVar command.

Clear a-z Deletes all variables with

single-letter names.

Clear History Deletes all expressions in the

Calculator history.

Insert Comment Lets you insert text.

Library Lets you refresh all libraries, set

LibPub or LibPriv access, insert a “\” character, or create a library shortcut.

Convert to Decimal

Inserts ¢Decimal command.

Factor Inserts factor().

Least Common Multiple Inserts

Greatest Common Divisor Inserts

Remainder Inserts

Fraction Tools Lets you select

54 Using Calculator

lcm().

gcd() function.

remain().

propFrac(), getNum(), getDenom(), or comDenom().

Menu Name

Menu Option Function

Number Tools Lets you select round(), iPart(),

fPart(), sign(), mod(), floor(),

or ceiling().

Complex Number Tools Lets you select

imag(), angle(), ¢Polar, ¢Rect,

or the absolute value template.

Algebra

Solve Inserts

Factor Inserts

Expand Inserts

Zeros Inserts

Numerical Solve Inserts

solve().

factor().

expand().

zeros().

nSolve().

Polynomial Tools Lets you select

polyRemainder(), polyQuotient(), polyGcd(), polyCoeffs(), or polyDegree().

Fraction Tools Lets you select

getNum(), getDenom(), or comDenom().

Convert Expression

Lets you select

¢Exp.

Trigonometry Lets you select tExpand() or

tCollect().

Complex Lets you select

cFactor(), or cZeros().

conj(), real(),

propFrac(),

¢cos, ¢sin, or

cSolve(),

Extract Lets you select

left() or right().

Finance Solver Starts the Finance Solver.

Calculus

Derivative Inserts the Derivative template.

Integral Inserts the Integral template.

Using Calculator 55

Menu Name

Menu Option Function

Limit Inserts the Limit template.

Sum Inserts the Sum template.

Product Inserts the Product template.

Function Minimum Inserts

Function Maximum Inserts

Tangent Line Inserts

Normal Line Inserts

Arc Length Inserts

Series Lets you select

series(), or dominantTerm().

Differential Equation Solver Inserts

Implicit Differentiation Inserts

Numerical Calculations Lets you select

nfMin(), or nfMax()

Probability

Factorial (!) Inserts !.

Permutations Inserts

Combinations Inserts

Random Lets you select

randInt(), randBin(), randNorm(), randSamp(), or RandSeed.

fMin().

fMax().

tangentLine().

normalLine().

arcLen().

taylor(),

deSolve().

impDif().

nDeriv(), nInt(),

nPr().

nCr().

rand(),

Distributions Lets you select from several

distributions, such as

, Binomial Cdf, and

Pdf Inverse F.

56 Using Calculator

Normal

Menu Name

Statistics

Menu Option Function

Stat Calculations Lets you select from several

statistics calculations, such as one-variable analysis, twovariable analysis, and regressions.

Stat Results Inserts the stat.results variable.

List Math Lets you select from several list

calculations, such as minimum, maximum, and mean.

List Operations Lets you select from several list

operations, such as sorting, filling, and converting to a matrix.

Distributions Lets you select from several

distributions, such as

, Binomial Cdf, and

Pdf Inverse F.

Normal

Confidence Intervals Lets you select from several

confidence intervals, such as

t interval and zinterval.

Stat Tests Lets you select from several

tests such as

test

ANOVA, t test, z

Matrix & Vector

Tra nspose

Inserts

Determinant Inserts det().

Row-Echelon Form Inserts

Reduced Row-Echelon

Inserts

ref().

rref().

Form

Simultaneous Inserts

Using Calculator 57

simult().

Menu Name

Menu Option Function

Create Lets you select from several

matrix-creation options, such as construct matrix, identity, diagonal, submatrix, and others.

Norms Lets you select

rowNorm(), or colNorm().

norm(),

Dimensions Lets you select

rowDim(), or colDim().

Row Operations Lets you select

rowAdd(), mRow(), or mRowAdd().

dim(),

rowSwap(),

Element Operations Inserts “dot” operators such as

.+ (dot add) and .^ (dot power).

Advanced Inserts

Vector Inserts

trace(), LU, QR, eigVl(),

eigVc(), or charPoly(),

unitV(), crossP(), dotP(),

8Polar, 8Rect ,8Cylind, or

Sphere.

Functions & Programs

Program Editor Lets you view, open for editing,

import, or create a new program or function.

Func...EndFunc Inserts a template for creating a

function.

Prgm...EndPrgm Inserts a template for creating a

program.

Local Inserts the

Local command.

Control Lets you select from a list of

function and program-control templates, such as

If...Then...EndIf, While...EndWhile, Try...Else...EndTry, and others.

58 Using Calculator

Menu Name

Menu Option Function

Transfer Inserts transfer commands

Return, Cycle, Exit, Lbl, Stop,

or Goto.

Disp Displays intermediate results.

Mode Inserts commands for setting or

reading modes, such as display digits, angle mode, base mode, and others. Also lets you get the current language information.

Add New Line Starts a new line within a

function or program definition.

Before you begin

f Turn on the handheld, and add a Calculator application to a

document.

Entering and evaluating math expressions

Options for entering expressions

Calculator lets you enter and edit expressions through several methods.

• By pressing keys on the handheld keypad.

• By selecting items from the Calculator menu.

• By selecting items from the Catalog (

k).

Entering simple math expressions

Note: To enter a negative number on the handheld, press v. To enter a

negative number on a computer keyboard, press the hyphen key (

Suppose you want to evaluate

1. Select the entry line in the Calculator work area.

2. Type 2^8 to begin the expression.

Using Calculator 59

-).

3. Press ¢ to return the cursor to the baseline, and then type

r 43 p 12.

4. Press · to evaluate the expression.

The expression displays in standard mathematical notation, and the result displays on the right side of the Calculator.

Note: If a result does not fit on the same line with the expression, it displays on the next line.

Controlling the form of a result

You might expect to see a decimal result instead of 2752/3 in the preceding example. A close decimal equivalent is 917.33333..., but that’s only an approximation.

By default, Calculator retains the more precise form: 2752/3. Any result that is not a whole number displays in a fractional or symbolic form (1/2,

p, , etc.). This reduces rounding errors that could be introduced by

intermediate results in chained calculations.

You can force a decimal approximation in a result:

• By pressing

Pressing

• By including a decimal in the expression (for example,

43).

60 Using Calculator

· instead of · to evaluate the expression.

· forces approximate result.

43. instead of

• By wrapping the expression in the approx() function.

• By changing the document’s Approximate.

– Press

/c1 to display the File menu, and then select

Document Settings.

Auto or Approximate mode setting to

Inserting items from the Catalog

You can use the Catalog to insert system functions and commands, units, symbols, and expression templates into the Calculator entry line.

1. Press

k to open the Catalog.

Note: Some functions have a wizard that prompts you for each argument. If you prefer to enter the argument values directly on the entry line, you may need to disable the wizard.

2. Press the number key for the category of the item. For example, press 1 to show the alphabetic list.

Contains all commands and functions, in alphabetical order.

Using Calculator 61

Contains all math functions.

Provides the values for standard measurement units.

Provides a symbol palette for adding special characters.

Contains math templates for creating two dimensional objects, including product, sum, square root and integral.

Shows Public library (LibPub) objects.

3. Press ¤ and then use ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ as necessary to select the item

that you want to insert.

Note: To see syntax examples of the selected item, press then press the selected item, press

4. Press

· to alternately show or hide the Help. To move back to ge.

· to insert the item into the entry line.

e, and

Using an expression template

The Calculator has templates for entering matrices, piecewise functions, systems of equations, integrals, derivatives, products, and other math expressions.

For example, suppose you want to evaluate

1. Press

2. Select to insert the algebraic sum template.

/r to open the Template palette.

The template appears on the entry line with small blocks representing elements that you can enter. A cursor appears next to one of the elements to show that you can type a value for that element.

62 Using Calculator

3. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to each element’s position, and type a value or expression for each element.

4. Press

· to evaluate the expression.

Editing Calculator expressions

Although you cannot edit an expression in the Calculator history, you can copy all or part of an expression from the history and paste it to the entry line. You can then edit the entry line.

Positioning the cursor in an expression

f Press e to cycle through the parameters of a template.

– or –

Press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to move the cursor through the expression. The cursor moves to the closest valid position in the direction that you press.

Note: An expression template may force the cursor to move through its parameters, even though some parameters may not be exactly in the path of the cursor movement. For example, moving upward from the main argument of an integral always moves the cursor to the top limit.

Using Calculator 63

Inserting into an expression in the entry line

1. Position the cursor at the point where you want to insert additional elements.

2. Type the elements that you want to insert.

Note: When you insert an open parenthesis, Calculator adds a temporary close parenthesis, displayed in gray. You can override the temporary parenthesis by typing the same parenthesis manually or by entering something past the temporary parenthesis (thereby implicitly validating its position in the expression). After you override the temporary gray parenthesis, it is replaced with a black parenthesis.

Selecting part of an expression

1. Press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to move the cursor to a starting point.

2. Press and hold

g and press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to select.

Deleting all or part of an expression on the entry line

1. Select the part of the expression to delete.

2. Press ..

Working with the Calculator history

As you enter and evaluate expressions in the Calculator application, each entry/result pair is saved in the Calculator history. The history gives you a way to review your calculations, repeat a set of calculations, and copy expressions for reuse in other pages or documents.

Viewing the Calculator history

The history of the expressions you have entered accumulates above the entry line, with the most recent expression at the bottom. If the history does not fit in the Calculator work area, you can scroll through the history.

Note: You may notice a processing slowdown when the history contains a large number of entries.

f Press £ or ¤.

64 Using Calculator

À Scrollbar buttons Á Scroll position indicator Â Current entry/total entries

Reusing a previous expression or result

You can copy an expression, subexpression, or result from the Calculator history and paste it into the entry line or into other TI-Nspire™ applications.

1. Scroll to the item that you want to copy.

2. Select the item.

Note: The float setting for the current document may limit the number of decimal places displayed in a result. To capture the result in its full precision, select it either by scrolling with the up and down arrow keys or by triple-clicking it.

3. Press

4. Select the location where you want the copy.

5. Press

Using Calculator 65

/C to make the copy.

/V to paste the copy.

Note: If you copy an expression that uses variables into a different problem, the values of those variables are not copied. You must define the variables in the problem where you paste the expression.

Deleting an expression from the history

When you delete an expression, all variables and functions defined in the expression retain their current values.

1. Use the arrow keys to select the expression that you want to delete.

2. Press

The expression and its result are removed.

Clearing the Calculator history

When you clear the history, all variables and functions defined in the history retain their current values. If you clear the history by mistake, use the undo feature.

1. Press

2. On the

b to display the Calculator menu.

Actions menu, select Clear History.

All expressions and results are removed from the history.

Where to find more information

More in-depth information, step-by-step instructions, and screen examples of all the Calculator features are contained in the Using Calculator chapter in Part 2 of the user guide, which is available on the CD-ROM that came with your handheld and as a download from the web site: http://education.ti.com/guides.

Using Graphs & Geometry

Getting started with Graphs & Geometry

The Graphs & Geometry application enables you to:

• Graph and explore functions.

• Create and explore geometric shapes.

• Animate points on objects or graphs and explore their behavior.

• Graph data collected by the Data Collection tool.

• Explore graphical and geometric transformations.

• Explore and investigate concepts of calculus.

• Link to data created by other applications and utilize it in Graphs & Geometry.

ÁÂ

À Problem/Page number counter Á System Settings indicator Â Status indicator (with battery status indicator icon) Ã Graphs & Geometry units indicator (sample display is centimeters) Ä Sample Graphs & Geometry work area in Graphing View, with

Analytic Window and tooltip for triangle shown

Å Sample Graphs & Geometry entry line (line for function entry shown)

Getting acquainted with Graphs & Geometry

f Turn on the TI-Nspireé handheld, and add the Graphs & Geometry

application to your page.

Using Graphs & Geometry 67

When you add Graphs & Geometry to a page, your work area contains the x and y axes for a graph, as well as a function entry line and Graphs & Geometry-specific tools.

The basic components of the Graphs & Geometry application are the:

•Tool menu

• Work area (which contains the axes)

• Entry line.

The Tool menu

Press b to open the Actions menu. These menus and tools enable you to graph and explore different types of functions, draw and explore geometric structures, as well as other capabilities which will be covered

in this chapter.

The following tables contain a brief summary of what each menu contains or tool enables you to do within the Graphs & Geometry work area.

Note: The number that precedes each title is the numeric entry for accessing the tool using the handheld keys or the virtual keypad on the

computer. For example, to draw a circle, you would press

Menu Option List Overview of Tool Actions

1: Actions Provides tools to access the pointer, hide or

show various graph features, add text, delete all objects in the work area, access the calculate tool, and access the attributes for an object or function.

2: View Provides tools to manipulate the work area

features and display.

b 8 1.

3: Graph Type Enables you to select the type of graph to

plot in the work area: function, parametric, polar, or scatter plot. The entry line below the work area shows the notational conventions to use to specify a function for the selected graph type.

4: Window Provides different Zoom settings as well as

the ability to define the x- and y-axis minimums and maximums.

68 Using Graphs & Geometry

Menu Option List Overview of Tool Actions

5: Trace Creates and activates a trace on the graph.

Sets the trace increment and enables you to create and remove geometric trace.

6: Points & Lines Provides tools for drawing various types of

points, lines, segments, rays, tangents, vectors, and circle arcs.

7: Measurement Provides tools for measuring angles, lengths,

areas, integrals, and slope.

8: Shapes Provides tools for drawing circles, triangles,

rectangles, and polygons.

9: Construction Provides tools to define perpendicular and

parallel lines, bisectors, midpoints, locus, compass, and perform measurement transfers.

A: Transformation Provides tools for symmetry, reflection,

translation, rotation, and dilation.

Action Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Pointer Selects, moves, and manipulates

objects.

2: Select Enables you to select the objects in

part of the work area by placing a dashed-line box around them.

3: Hide/Show Enables you to hide or display any

object, function, or feature on the work area.

4: Attributes Enables you to change the attributes

of a selected object in the work area. Attributes vary depending upon the object selected.

5: Delete All Removes all objects and graphed

functions from the page.

Using Graphs & Geometry 69

Tool name Tool function

6: Text Places user-created alpha-numeric

values on the page. Numerical values can be applied to objects. The tool can be used to enter a function and graph it.

7: Coordinates and Equations

8: Calculate Opens the calculate tool to perform

9: Redefine Redefines a previously defined point

A: Insert Slider Lets you easily modify the value of a

Displays the coordinates of a point or the equation of a line or circle.

calculations using measurements, numerical values, or calculation results. This tool is different from the Calculator application.

to a new location. For example, it can define a point in free space to a location on an object or from one object to another object.

numeric variable.

View Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Graphing View Places the work area in graphing mode.

When you add Graphs & Geometry to a page the Cartesian axes displays in the work area with a function entry line below.

2: Plane Geometry View

3: Hide (Show) Analytic Window

70 Using Graphs & Geometry

Places the work area in geometry mode. Geometry scale displays, but no axes, grid, or entry line displays until you choose Show Analytic Window.

Opens a small graphing window on a plane geometry work area. Places the Graphs & Geometry work area in modeling mode. This tool can be used only after Plane Geometry is selected.

Tool name Tool function

4: Hide (Show) Axes Hides the axes if they are currently

displayed on the page. Displays the axes if none are displayed on the page.

5: Show (Hide) Grid Turns the grid on or off on the page.

Objects can be attached to the grid when the grid is displayed.

6: Hide (Show) Entry Line

7: Show (Hide) Scale Toggles between showing and hiding the

Hides or displays the entry line on the page.

scale legend on the work area. When the scale is shown, the value and/or units can be changed to desired values/units. This applies only to geometric constructions.

Show (Hide) Axes End Value

8: Add Function Table Launches the Lists & Spreadsheet

Toggles between showing and hiding the lowest value and highest value on the horizontal and vertical axes.

function table. When launched from Graphs & Geometry, it is pre-populated with all functions defined in the problem with the exception of hidden functions. More information on using Function Tables is available in the Lists & Spreadsheet chapter of this document.

Graphing Type Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Function Displays the function mode entry line at

the bottom of the work area.

2: Parametric Displays the parametric mode entry line

at the bottom of the work area. This display shows the t-min, t-max, and t-step values. The defaults are 0-2p max, and p/24 for t-step.

for t-min, t-

Using Graphs & Geometry 71

Tool name Tool function

3: Polar Displays the Polar mode entry line at the

bottom of the work area. This display shows the q-min, q-max, and q-step values. The defaults are 0-2p for q-min and q-max, and p/24 for q-step.

4: Scatter Plot Displays the Scatter Plot mode entry line

at the bottom of the work area.

Window Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Window Settings Lets you specify the minimum and

maximum values for the x-axis and yaxis. You can also set the axis scaling increment between tics.

2: Zoom - Box Enables you to define an area that

you want to enlarge.

3: Zoom - In Enables you to define the center

point of the zoom in location. The Zoom In factor is approximately 2.

4: Zoom - Out Enables you to define the center

point of the zoom out location. The Zoom Out factor is approximately 2.

5: Zoom - Standard Automatically sets x-min, x-max, y-

min, and y-max to center the origin. The x and y scale factors are equal. This is the default axes setting when Graphs & Geometry is first added to a page.

6: Zoom - Quadrant 1 Automatically sets x-min, x-max, y-

min, and y-max to emphasize the first quadrant. The x and y scale factors are equal.

72 Using Graphs & Geometry

Tool name Tool function

7: Zoom - User If you have modified any window

settings (such as x-min), Zoom-User saves the present settings. If you have not modified any window settings since last selecting ZoomUser, Zoom-User restores those settings.

8: Zoom - Trig Automatically sets x-min and x-max

to integer multiples of p. The x and y scale factors are equal.

9: Zoom - Data Redefines the axes so that all

statistical data points are displayed.

A: Zoom - Fit Recalculates y-min and y-max to

include the minimum and maximum y values of all functions between the current x-min and x-max. Hidden functions are not included.

B: Zoom - Square Recalculates y-min and y-max so that

the vertical scale is the same as the horizontal scale.

Trace Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Graph Trace Activates a trace point on the graph,

enabling you to trace functions.

2: Trace Setting Enables you to set the increment

between points touched by Graph Trace automatically, or by specifying a numeric trace step value.

3: Geometry Trace Enables you to view the pathway of a

geometric or analytic object (such as a function graph) on the work area. The pathway has a delayed fade. As more movement occurs on the work area, older portions of the pathway fade. If you temporarily halt movement, a portion of the trace path remains displayed.

Using Graphs & Geometry 73

Tool name Tool function

4: Erase Geometry Trace Halts geometric trace and erases all

persistent pathways on the work area.

Points and Lines Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Point Constructs a point defined in free space,

on an object, or at the intersection of two objects.

2: Point On Constructs a point defined on an object.

When the object is a function graph, the coordinates are displayed.

3: Intersection Point(s) Constructs a point at each intersection of

two selected objects.

4: Line Constructs an infinite line defined by

two points or by a point and a direction. If you press

you limit its orientation, relative to the x-axis or the horizontal aspect of the screen, by 15- increments.

5: Segment Constructs a segment, defined by two

end points, which may be created or defined in free space or on a defined object.

6: Ray Constructs a ray, defined by two points

or by a point and a direction, extending infinitely. If you press the ray, you limit its orientation, relative

to the x-axis or the horizontal aspect of the screen, by 15- increments.

7: Tangent Creates a tangent line.

g while creating the line,

g while creating

8: Vector Constructs a vector with magnitude and

direction defined by two points.

9: Circle arc Creates an arc based on three points.

74 Using Graphs & Geometry

Measurement Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Length Displays the distance between two

selected points or the length of a segment, perimeter, circumference, or radius.

2: Area Displays the area of a selected polygon

or circle.

3: Slope Displays the slope of a selected line or

segment. A vertical slope is represented by %.

4: Angle Displays the measure of an angle or an

angle defined by three selected points.

5: Integral Calculates and displays the numerical

value of the integral of a selected function, and shades the area between the curve and the x-axis from point a to point b.

Shapes Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Circle Constructs a circle. The center point is

defined by the first click on the page and the radius is determined by the second click.

2: Triangle Constructs a triangle, defined by three

points (vertices), which may be created or defined in free space or on a defined object.

3: Rectangle Constructs a rectangle.

4: Polygon Constructs an n-sided polygon. Each click

defines a vertex, and the polygon is completed by clicking the initial vertex or

by pressing

5: Regular Polygon Constructs an n-sided regular polygon.

Using Graphs & Geometry 75

·.

Construction Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Perpendicular Constructs a line perpendicular to a

selected line, segment, ray, vector, axis, or side of a polygon, and passing through a created or selected point.

2: Parallel Constructs a line parallel to a selected

line, segment, ray, vector, axis, or side of a polygon, and passing through a created or selected point.

3: Perpendicular Bisector Constructs a perpendicular line that

bisects two points, a segment, or side of a polygon.

4: Angle Bisector Constructs a line that bisects an angle

identified by three selected points where the second point is the vertex.

5: Midpoint Constructs a midpoint of two selected

points, a segment, or side of a polygon.

6: Locus Constructs the locus of a point or

object defined by the movement of a driver point along a pathway. Pathways are geometric shapes and function graphs.

7: Compass Constructs a circle from a center point

with a radius defined by a selected segment or the distance between two points.

8: Measurement transfer Transfers an entered or measured

value to a selected object, axis, or function graph. If the original value changes, the change is also reflected in the transferred measurement.

Transformation Menu Tools

Tool name Tool function

1: Symmetry Creates the image of an object rotated

- around a point.

180

76 Using Graphs & Geometry

Tool name Tool function

2: Reflection Creates the image of an object reflected

across a line, segment, ray, vector, axis, or side of a polygon.

3: Translation Creates the image of an object translated

by a specified vector.

4: Rotation Creates the image of an object rotated

around a point by a specified angular value.

5: Dilation Creates the image of an object dilated

from a point by a specified factor.

Note: When you select a tool to use, that tool’s icon displays in the upper left corner of the Graphs & Geometry page. It is there to remind you which tool is currently active.

Using the context menu

To display the context menu for an object:

f Move the cursor to the object and then press The first two options on the context menu are:

Recent: lists the 9 most recent tools you used. This is a session-level

• listing. The tools used on any Graphs & Geometry page are shown, regardless of the document in which they are used.

• Attributes: enables you to access the attributes appropriate for a selected function, object, or work area.

Additional options that are appropriate for your selection also display on the menu. For example, the context menu for a triangle also contains the Hide/Show, Delete, Length, and Area options.

/b.

The work area

There are two work area views available:

• Graphing View

• Plane Geometry View

The Graphing view

The Graphing view is the default Graphs & Geometry work area display. It contains:

Using Graphs & Geometry 77

• the default Cartesian axes in the Zoom Standard format (1:1 scale).

• the entry line from which you can graph up to 100 functions.

Axes, entry line, and grid can all be displayed or hidden, but in this view, no scale for any drawn shapes (e.g. Circle, etc.) can be displayed. All objects created in this view are analytic objects. Therefore, their displayed size and proportion are affected only by the scale of the axis system (the command "Show Scale" has no effect).

The Plane Geometry view

The plane geometry view removes the axes and entry line from the work area to enable you to draw geometric shapes and explore them. In this view, you can display and set a scale for your drawings.

To change to Plane Geometry view:

1. From the

Press b 2 2.

2. The display refreshes to clear the axes and entry line and display a default scale. Any graphs or drawings created in graphing view are not displayed on the plane geometry area.

To return to Graphing view:

f From the

Press

78 Using Graphs & Geometry

View menu, select Plane Geometry View.

View Menu, select Graphing View.

b 2 1.

The display refreshes to show the axes and entry line. Note: Any geometric constructions created while in the plane

geometry view are retained and displayed along with any previouslycreated graphs.

The analytic window

The analytic (graphing) window is available in the Plane Geometry view. It adds an analytic (graphing) window on top of a portion of the plane geometry work area. This provides a combination work area that enables you to use both work area types without toggling the view between them.

To open the analytic window:

1. Ensure that the work area is in Plane Geometry view.

2. From the

View menu, select Show Analytic Window .

Press b 2 3.

3. A reduced size graphing window opens on the lower left corner of the plane geometry space.

Using Graphs & Geometry 79

Graphing area

Modeling view - shows the previous two views and the work done on both.

Plane Geometry area

You can alter the work area, without changing the view, to temporarily:

• Hide the axes. Any graphs or objects remain displayed on the work area.

• Show or hide axis end values and show or hide a grid in the graphing window.

• Hide the entry line.

• Hide the scale.

• Resize the axes using the zoom tools or by dragging tic marks.

To display more of the plane geometry work area, pan the screen.

To remove the analytic window from the work area

f From the View menu, select Hide Analytic Window .

b 2 3.

Press

Object behavior in different views

When you create an object in the graph area, it is called an analytic object, and all points of the object reside on the graph plane. When you change the axes scale, you automatically affect the appearance of the object. If you calculate a value associated with the object such as the area, only generic units are assigned (u for unit). These objects remain associated with the coordinate plane until you delete them or redefine them to the plane geometry area. When working with a modeling view work area, you cannot move an analytic object onto the plane geometry area.

80 Using Graphs & Geometry

When you create an object in the plane geometry area, it is a geometric object. These objects can have an assigned scale, such as miles or centimeters, instead of u for units. You can lock a point, such as one vertex of a triangle, on the work area, but since the object is not tied to a coordinate plane, you cannot display coordinates for that vertex. When working with a modeling mode work area (Plane Geometry view with analytic window), you can move a geometric object into the graphing work area. The object remains a geometric object, and is not associated with the axes.

The examples below show a modeling work area and the two types of objects. A is an analytic object while B is a geometric object:

The examples below show a modeling work area and the two types of objects: A is an analytic object while B is a geometric object.

While the two circles appear identical, they do not behave in the same way. Analytic objects are impacted when the graph area is altered. In the next example, the axes were altered. Notice that only Circle A’s appearance is affected by the change.

Using Graphs & Geometry 81

If you construct an object while the axis is hidden, the object created will be a geometric object. However, if you construct an analytic object and later hide the axis, the object remains an analytical one.

Triangle as it appears in Graphing view. The unlabeled vertex remains a geometric point.

82 Using Graphs & Geometry

Summary of differences

Feature Graph Area Plane Geometry Area

Aspect Ratio Adjustable; initially 1:1 Always 1:1 (static)

Units of Measure Generic (displayed as u) User-defined (per scale)

Area Graph Type Cartesian (default) or

Polar

Uses • Define and graph

functions to: – Graph

functions of the form f (x)

– Create scatter

plots

– Graph polar

equations

– Graph

parametric functions

• Construct analytic objects

• Label equations

• Identify coordinates for discrete points

Behavior Analytic constructions

must remain in the analytic area.

Euclidian

• Construct Euclidean objects

• Create transformations

•Determine measurements (for example, length, angle, or area)

Geometric constructions can be moved into the analytic area but remain geometric in nature.

Creating and manipulating axes

When you add the Graphs & Geometry application to a page, Cartesian axes displays by default.

You can change the appearance of your axes in the following ways:

1. Adjust the length of the axes:

• When using Plane Geometry view with Show Analytic Window, – Select an axis and retype the domain or range labels.

Using Graphs & Geometry 83

– Select an axis and drag to increase or decrease the numbers

on the scale and tic mark spacing.

The aspect ratio of the axes is retained. To modify the scale of only one axis, press

Extended domain

g as you adjust the value or drag the line.

Default range and domain

2. Use the Zoom tool options to adjust the view.

3. Adjust the end style of the axes using the Attributes tool. Display the Attributes tool by:

• selecting it from the menu or

• pressing

Press the left and right arrow keys to display the desired end style. The attributes list for the axes also enables you to select a Zoom tool.

4. Adjust the axes scale and tic mark spacing manually.

a) Click and hold one tic mark, and move it on the axis. The

b) To adjust the scale and tic mark spacing on a single axis,

84 Using Graphs & Geometry

/ and clicking an axis between two tick marks.

spacing and number of tic marks increases (or decreases) on both axes.

press and hold that axis.

g, and then grab and drag a tic mark on

5. Change axis end values by double-clicking them and typing new values.

6. Adjust the location of the axes. To move the existing axes without resizing or rescaling them, click in and drag an empty region of the screen until the axes are in the desired location.

7. Use the Window Setting tool to define the x-max, x-min, y-max, y-min, x-scale and y-scale values for the axes. When selected, this tool opens a dialog that enables you to enter the values desired. The current values are initially displayed. Type over them to enter new values.

Window Settings dialog with initial values displayed

Note: The axis values set on the Window Settings dialog can be stored as variables that can be accessed outside of Graphs & Geometry. Select the axis label at the value to be linked, and then click var to link to the value.

You can use tools on the View menu to hide and redisplay the axes, the scale, and axis end values.

f From the

View menu, select Hide/Show Axes .

Press b24.

• If the axes are shown on the page, selecting this tool hides them.

• If the axes are hidden on the page, selecting this tool redisplays

them.

Using Graphs & Geometry 85

Moving about the work area

Graphs of functions may extend beyond the visible portion of your screen. This does not mean they are truncated. You can view them by panning the screen. To pan the screen:

1. Click and hold the mouse button in an open area of the page.

2. Move to display different portions of the screen.

The entry line

The Entry line appears at the bottom of the Graphs & Geometry work area. When the line is not active, it is grayed out.

ÀÁ Â Ã Ä

From left to right, the parts of this line are:

À Hide/Show button. Á Attributes button. Â f1(x)= is the default notation for a function or inequality. Ã Blank area into which you enter the function, polar equation,

inequality, parametric, or scatter plot data to be graphed.

Ä Expand/Contract (History) button.

Parametric Mode entry line

Scatter Plot Mode entry line

Polar Mode entry line

86 Using Graphs & Geometry

Graphing inequalities

Function mode enables you to define a function that uses a symbol other than the equal sign. To change = to a different sign and graph the inequality:

1. Position the cursor to the right of the equal sign.

2. Delete the equal sign:

• Press

3. Type the desired sign or use the Symbol Palette to enter the appropriate inequality. The possible inequalities are: >, +, {, and |.

4. Type the rest of the inequality expression.

Press

The expression, as typed, displays next to the graph. Shading is always present on the graphs of inequalities to show the values that satisfy the inequality. If you graph two inequalities that overlap, the area of overlap is shaded darker than either of the individual inequality graphs.

· to graph it.

Using Graphs & Geometry 87

Finding points of interest: zeroes, minima, maxima

When you create a graph, you can use the Point On tool (press

b62) to locate the zeros, minima, and maxima if these are

applicable for objects on the work area. (They may not display if their location on the graph not visible on your screen.) Both local and global points of interest display. You can also use the Graph Trace tool to display the local points of interest automatically as you trace.

Note: Global points of interest display only when they are also local. For example, inverse sine reaches its (global) maximum at x=1, but the tool tip 'M' does not display there. This is because x=1 is not a local maximum.

To find them, just move the point along the object or graphed line, and when you are near a point of interest, the coordinates display along with one of the following identifiers:

• Zeroes: z (Coordinates)

• Minimum: m (Coordinates)

• Maximum: M (Coordinates)

Finding the min and max of a function

To find the minimum or maximum of a function or object on the graph:

1. From the

Press

2. Select the function graph or object.

3. From the

Press b11.

4. Select the point created in Step 2 and drag it along the function graph or object.

As you approach a point of interest, the one-character identifier along with the point’s coordinates display. The example below shows the m (minimum) identifier along with the value of the minimum for the function graphed on the axes.

88 Using Graphs & Geometry

Points & Lines menu, select the Point On tool .

b62.

Actions menu, select the Pointer tool .

5. As you move away from the point of interest, the identifier no longer displays on the page.

Animating objects

You can animate a point on a line, ray, axis, vector, graph, segment or circle. In addition, you can also animate points on multiple objects in the work area at one time.

Animating one point on an object

1. From the Points & Lines menu, select the Point On tool .

Press

b62.

Click on the object to identify the point that you want to animate.

2. From the

Press

When the attribute bar displays, select the animation attribute .

Using Graphs & Geometry 89

Actions menu, select the Attributes tool .

b13.

3. The default speed is 0. You can type a number from 1 - 9 to set speed or you can use < or > to select a speed from -12 to 12.

The higher the number you type, the faster the animation speed.

4. Select → for one-way animation or ↔ for oscillating animation.

5. Animation begins automatically when you select the speed and direction.

Press

+ and - to increase/decrease the speed of animation

incrementally once it is set.

The animation control panel

Once a point is animated, a floating control panel displays on the page. You can move this panel by dragging it to a new location.

When animation is active, the panel contains a button. When either button is pressed and animation is reset or paused,

the Pause button changes to a Start button. These controls affect all animated points on a page.

Panel when animation is active

Panel with animation paused/reset

Reset and a Pause

Resetting animation

Selecting the Reset button not only pauses animation but also returns the animated point to its initial coordinate position on the object when animation was first started. If multiple points are animated on the page, all are returned to their original locations when you select Reset.

90 Using Graphs & Geometry

Stopping animation

To stop the animation of an object:

1. Select the

2. Display the Animation attribute for the point.

3. Change the speed to 0 (zero).

4. Click an empty area of the screen to apply the change, or press ·.

5. Select Start to resume animation if other animated points were temporarily stopped.

If no other animated points are on the page, the animation control box does not reappear when the velocity is set to 0.

Note: If you have multiple points in motion on one page and want to permanently stop the animation of all objects, when motion is paused or stopped, display the attributes bar for each point and change the velocity to 0.

Pause or Reset button on the control bar.

Creating a scatter plot

If you do not have an existing set of data points available for plotting, create them on the same page using the Lists & Spreadsheet application.

1. To create the data lists and scatter plot on the same page, select a page configuration with two work areas.

Using Graphs & Geometry 91

2. Create the data lists on the Lists & Spreadsheet portion of the page.

3. Select the Scatter Plot tool .

Press

b34.

4. Select the lists to plot from the drop down list for each axis.

When both entry fields have a data list specified, the scatter plot displays on the Graphs & Geometry work area.

92 Using Graphs & Geometry

5. To label the points on the scatter plot, select the Point On tool from the Points & Lines menu.

Press b62.

a) Select the first point.

The coordinates display.

b) Click to anchor the values on the work area.

Using Graphs & Geometry 93

c) To label the remaining points, select them one at a time.

Click each one to anchor the coordinates on the work area.

6. Label the axes and significant points, if desired.

More Information

More in-depth information, step-by-step instructions, and examples of all the Graphs & Geometry features are contained in the Graphs & Geometry chapter in Part 2 of the user guide, available on the CD that came with your handheld, or on the web site at http://education.ti.com/guides.

94 Using Graphs & Geometry

Texas instruments TI-NSPIRE CAS Getting Started

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Important Information

FCC Statement

Introduction

The TI-Nspire™ CAS math and science learning handheld

How to use this guidebook

Where to find more information

Getting Started

TI-Nspire™ CAS handheld keys

Keyboard shortcuts

Initial startup

Installing batteries

Replacing batteries

Battery Precautions

Additional precautions for rechargeable batteries

For proper disposal of used batteries

Adjusting the contrast

Turning the handheld on and off

Automatic Power Down

Turning on your TI-Nspire™ handheld for the first time

Choosing a language

Choosing a font size

The Home menu

Using the Home menu

The TI-Nspire™ handheld screen

Viewing status information

Viewing system settings

Document Settings

Document Settings Options

Changing document settings

System settings

Changing system settings

Handheld Status

Checking available memory

Freeing Memory

Deleting items from memory

Sharing files with a computer or another device

Connecting your handheld with a USB cable

Backing up files to another handheld

Connecting two TI-Nspire™ CAS handhelds with the USB unit-to-unit cable

Sending a document

Upgrading the operating system

Important Operating System download information

Where to get Operating System upgrades

Backing up files to a computer

Resetting the memory

Displaying the About screen

Viewing Hints

Using the catalog

Opening the catalog

Using wizards

Entering special characters

Entering Math expressions

Entering international language characters

Working with Documents

Documents

Page Sorter

My Documents

Creating documents

Creating a blank document

Adding an application

Creating a document with an application

Working with applications

Application menu

Using the Application menu

Context menu

Using the Context menu

Page Tools menu

Using the Page Tools menu

Changing the page layout

Choosing a standard layout

Creating a custom layout

Repositioning applications on a page

Swapping applications

Adding a problem to a document

Adding a page to a problem

Moving through pages in a document