Except as otherwise expressly stated in the License that accompanies a
program, Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or
implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any
programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on
an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone
for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection
with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole
and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of
action, shall not exceed the amount set forth in the license for the
program. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of
any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other
party.
License
Please see the complete license installed in C:\Program Files\TI
Education\TI-Nspire CAS.
Troubleshooting the Data Collection tool ................................352
Appendix: Service and Support......................................... 355
Texas Instruments Support and Service..................................... 355
For general information......................................................355
Service and warranty information......................................355
Index ................................................................................... 357
xii
Introduction
The TI-Nspire™ CAS computer software for math
and science
This guidebook provides information about powerful, advanced
software from Texas Instruments: the TI-Nspire™ CAS computer software
for math and science.
How to use this guidebook
This guidebook is intended to provide instruction for the basic operation
of the TI-Nspire™ CAS computer software for math and science.
The chapters in this guidebook include:
Getting Started - Provides start up information and offers students and
educators an overview of the basic operations of the TI-Nspire™ CAS
computer software.
Working with Documents - Provides instruction for creating and
working with documents.
Using Calculator- Provides an overview of the Calculator application.
Using Graphs & Geometry - Provides an overview of the Graphs &
Geometry application.
Using Lists & Spreadsheet- Provides an overview of the Lists &
Spreadsheet application.
Using Data & Statistics - Provides instruction for using the Data &
Statistics application to analyze data created in other applications.
Using Notes- Provides an overview of the Notes application.
Data Collection - Provides an overview of the Data Collection tool.
Using Libraries - Provides instruction for creating and using Libraries.
Using Program Editor- Provides instruction for creating and modifying
Programs using the Program Editor.
Service and Warranty Information - Includes service and warranty
information and contact information for technical support.
Introduction1
2Introduction
Getting Started
The TI-Nspire™ CAS computer software Home
Screen
The TI-Nspireé CAS computer software home screen provides all the
tools you need to create documents and work with problems. The
example below illustrates the home screen with its main parts labeled.
Following the home screen, you can find detailed descriptions of each
labeled part.
À
Á
Â
Ã
À Menu bar - provides tools for working with documents and
modifying system settings.
Á Too l ba r - provides quick access to tools for working with
documents.
 Page Sorter - provides a thumbnail view of each page in the
document.
à Work area - displays a single page in a document.
Getting Started3
Using menus
Menus provide the options you need to create and edit documents and
problems. You can also use these menus to modify system settings.
Menu Options
The following table lists the options available under each menu, what
the option does, and a shortcut key or alternate access method, if one
exists. As you work with the TI-Nspireé CAS computer software, note
that all menu options may not always be available, depending upon
what you are doing.
Menu
Name
FileNew
Menu
OptionPurpose
Document
Open
Document
CloseCloses the document and
Save
Document
Save AsSaves the current
PrintPrints the current
Change
Language
Creates a new document
in the work area.
Displays a file browser
window to let you select
an existing document to
open.
prompts you to save.
Saves the document
currently in the work
area.
document in a new folder
and/or under a new
name.
document.
Opens a dialog box that
allows you to change the
language settings.
Shortcut;
Alternate
Ctrl + N; tool
bar icon
Ctrl + O; tool
bar icon
Ctrl + W
Ctrl + S; tool
bar icon
Ctrl + P; tool
bar icon
Document
Settings
4Getting Started
Opens a dialog box that
allows you to modify the
document settings and
apply them to the entire
system, if desired.
Menu
Name
Menu
OptionPurpose
Shortcut;
Alternate
ExitCloses all applications and
prompts to save the
currently active
document.
EditUndoRemoves your latest
action and displays the
work area as it was before
the action.
RedoRe-applies the latest
action that the Undo
command removed.
CutRemoves a selected
portion of information
from the work area.
CopyMakes a copy of a
selected portion of the
information in the work
area.
PasteInserts information, either
cut or copied, at a
designated location in the
work area.
Alt + F4
Ctrl + Z; tool
icon
Ctrl + Y; tool
icon
Ctrl + X; tool
bar icon
Ctrl + C; tool
bar icon
Ctrl + V; tool
bar icon
DeleteRemoves the selected
Tool Bar icon
application from the
current page.
Select
Application
Selects the application
(border is highlighted to
Ctrl + K
indicate that the
application is selected)
Swap
Application
Swaps the location of the
selected application with
the current application.
ViewLayout 8Enables you to select one
of eight layouts for your
page.
Getting Started5
Application
Tool Bar
Menu
Menu
Name
Menu
OptionPurpose
Shortcut;
Alternate
TI-Nspireé
CAS Handheld
View
Presentation
View
Displays the work area as
it would appear on the
handheld.
Removes the Page Sorter
from the display and
displays pages at full size.
KeypadDisplays the TI-Nspire™
keypad
Collapse AllCollapses all pages in the
Page Sorter so that only
the problems are listed
for the open document.
Expand AllExpands the problems in
the Page Sorter so that all
pages of all problems are
listed.
InsertProblemAdds a new problem to
the current document.
PageAdds a new page to the
current problem.
CalculatorAdds the Calculator
application to the
selected page.
Tool Bar icon
Tool Bar
Insert Menu
Tool Bar
Insert Menu
Tool Bar
Insert Menu
Graphs &
Geometry
Adds the Graphs &
Geometry application to
Tool Bar
Insert Menu
the selected page.
Lists &
Spreadsheet
Adds the Lists &
Spreadsheet application
Tool Bar
Insert Menu
to the selected page.
NotesAdds the Notes
application to the
Tool Bar
Insert Menu
selected page.
6Getting Started
Menu
Name
Menu
OptionPurpose
Shortcut;
Alternate
Data &
Statistics
Adds the Data & Statistics
application to the
selected page.
Program
Editor
Allows you to create,
view, open or import a
program.
To ol sVariablesDisplays variables
available for use in the
current problem.
CatalogDisplays the catalog.Tool Bar icon
SymbolsDisplays the symbol
palette.
Math
Templates
Refresh
Libraries
Displays the math
templates palette.
Refreshes the list of
libraries that have been
stored and whose library
documents have been
saved.
HelpTI-Nspireé
CASHelp
Provides online help
information for this
software.
Tool Bar
Insert Menu
Ctrl + L
Tool Bar icon
F1
Activate...Allows you to activate
your software if you are
using a trial copy. This
option is only available
when using a trial version
of the TI-Nspireé CAS
computer software.
AboutDisplays information
about the TI-Nspire™
product.
Getting Started7
Using tool bars
The TI-Nspireé CAS computer software tool bars provide shortcuts to the
most frequently used menu options. When you move your cursor slowly
over a tool icon, a brief text description of it displays on the screen.
Tool bar contents
The following table lists the tools available on the tool bar. These tools
provide document-level operations. As you add applications to pages in
your document, you will see that each application has its own tool bar,
providing functions unique to that application. Application-specific tools
are discussed in each application chapter.
ToolDescriptionAlternate
Access
New Document - Creates a new
document. If another document is
open, you are asked if you want to
save it before starting a new
document.
Open Document - Displays a file
browser window to let you select
an existing document to open.
Save - Saves the document
currently active in your work area.
Print - Opens the Print dialog box
and enables you to print one or
more pages in the open document.
Undo - removes the outcome of
your last action.
Redo - re-applies the action undone
by the Undo command. Redo is not
available unless you first perform
an Undo command.
File Menu New
Document;
Ctrl + N
File Menu Open
Document;
Ctrl + O
File Menu Save
Document;
Ctrl + S
File Menu Print;
Ctrl + P
Edit Menu Undo;
Ctrl + Z
Edit Menu Redo;
Ctrl + Y
8Getting Started
ToolDescriptionAlternate
Access
Cut - removes the selected text or
objects on the active page that you
want removed.
Copy - makes an exact copy of the
selected text or objects on the
active page that you want to
Edit Menu Cut;
Ctrl + X
Edit Menu Copy;
Ctrl + C
replicate.
Paste - pastes the text or objects
previously cut or copied onto a
selected page.
Edit Menu Paste;
Ctrl + V
Delete - removes the selected item.Edit Menu -
Delete
page
Page Layout - provides a choice of
eight different page layouts.
Insert - allows you to insert a
problem space, page, or add
View Menu
- Layout
Insert
Menu
applications to the current page.
View a floating handheld keypad the keypad can be used to
manipulate objects and perform
calculations, in the same way as the
handheld keypad.
Variable/Linking - allows you to link
a variable to another page in the
current problem.
Catalog - allows you to insert
command and functions, units,
symbols and expression templates.
Symbol Palette - allows you to
insert symbols.
Template Palette - allows you to
insert expression templates.
Getting Started9
ToolDescriptionAlternate
Access
Refresh Libraries - updates the list
of libraries that have been stored
and whose library documents have
been saved.
The Page Sorter
The Page Sorter is the area on the left side of the screen. It displays
thumbnail views of all pages in the document. Use the Page Sorter to
move to different pages in your document, and to quickly move and
rearrange pages.
À
Â
Á
À Page Sorter - displays thumbnail sketches of all pages in all
problems in the current document. Use the scroll bar to view pages
off the screen.
Á Active page - this is the page currently highlighted in the
navigation pane and active in the work area.
 Problem/Page counter - displays the problem number followed by
the page number.
10Getting Started
Using the Work Area
The work area displays the active page in the document. You can add
one or more applications to the page.
Multiple work areas on one page
You can divide each page into as many as four work areas. This allows
you to use multiple applications on a page. The example below illustrates
a page that has been divided into three work areas.
Getting Started11
When you have multiple work areas on a page, the tool bar for the
application in use displays as the application tool bar.
Creating multiple work areas
1.Click to display the page layout menu.
2.Move the cursor to highlight the layout you wish to add to the page,
and click to select it.
The page displays the new layout.
Adding an application to a page
When you first open a new document, or add a new page to a document,
you can click the center of the page to display the application menu, and
select an application to add to the page.
If you are working with an application on a page, and want to add
another one, you must change the page layout to one that
accommodates multiple work areas.
À
Á
À Application tool bar - This area contains the tools and tool menus
specific to the application active on the page.
Á Problem/Page counter - The first value represents the problem
number of your active page, while the second value tells you the
page number within the problem. For the example above, the
counter reads 1.1, the first page of the first problem in the
document.
12Getting Started
Repositioning (swapping) applications on a page
If you want to change the position of applications on a page with
multiple applications, you can do so by "swapping" the positions of two
applications.
1.Select Swap Application from the Edit menu.
Note: The last active application you worked on is automatically
selected as the first application to be swapped.
2.Click on the second application to be swapped. The swap is done
when the second application is selected.
Note: When there are only two work areas, the selected application
automatically swaps position with the other application on the work
area.
To cancel a swap, press Esc. Press Ctrl Tab to cancel the swap and shift
focus to the next app in the page layout.
Deleting pages or applications
You can delete an entire page or remove an application from a work
area using the delete tools on the tool bar.
Deleting a page
1.Select the page you want to delete.
2.Select
Edit >Delete or click the Delete icon, .
Deleting an application from a page
1.Click the application you want to delete.
2.Select either Edit > Select Application or press Ctrl + K.
The selected application blinks on the page.
3.Click or select Edit > Delete.
The TI-Nspire™ Keypad
The TI-Nspireé CAS computer software allows you to display and use a
virtual keypad, which directly mimics the behavior of the handheld
keyboard. Use the keypad to enter expressions and perform calculations
with the desktop software, just as you do with the handheld.
Getting Started13
Note: Many of the procedures in this guidebook include pressing
handheld keys. Some of these keys are available on your computer
keyboard, but if you display and use the keypad, you will have access to
much of the functionality and shortcuts available on the handheld
keyboard.
Using the TI-Nspire™ keypad
1.To display the keypad, select View > Keypad or click .
The keypad displays.
Language Settings
You specify the language for the software to display when you install it.
If you want to change the language settings, you may do so at any time.
Changing the Language:
1.Select File > Change Language.
The Choose a Language dialog box displays.
14Getting Started
2.Use the dropdown menu to select the desired language.
You must restart the application for the language change to take
effect.
3.Click Quit Now to apply your change. If you have made changes to
the current document, you will be prompted to save it.
4.To restart the software, select Start > Programs > TI Tools > TI-
Nspire CAS
or click the TI-Nspire™ icon on your desktop.
Document Settings
You can change document settings to meet your needs for a specific set
of problems. Document settings apply to the document you are working
in, and can also be applied as the default settings for the system. When
you customize these settings, the new options become the default
settings for your work. These can be set using the TI-Nspireé CAS
computer software and transmitted to a handheld when the handheld is
connected to the computer.
Document Settings Options
The following table lists the document settings and their possible values.
FieldValues
Display DigitsFloat
Float1 - Float12
Fix0 - Fix12
AngleRadian
Degree
Gradian
Exponential FormatNormal
Scientific
Engineering
Real or Complex FormatReal
Rectangular
Polar
Getting Started15
FieldValues
Auto or ApproximateAuto
Exact
Approximate
Vector FormatRectangular
Cylindrical
Spherical
BaseDecimal
Hex
Binary
Unit SystemSI
Eng/US
Customizing document settings
1.Select File > Document Settings.
The Document Settings window displays.
2.Use the dropdown menus to view and select the desired option for
each category.
3.When you have modified the settings to suit your needs, click OK to
save the changes and close the window.
16Getting Started
Applying document settings to the system
fClick Apply to System to apply the document settings to the entire
system. A prompt displays, asking you to verify that this is what you
want to do.
Using the catalog
Use the catalog to insert commands and functions, units, symbols and
expression templates into your problems. The catalog window uses five
tabs to categorize commands, special characters and templates:
contains all commands and functions, in alphabetical
order
contains all math functions
provides the values for standard measurement units.
provides a symbol palette for adding special characters.
contains math templates for creating two dimensional
objects, including product, sum, square root and integral.
shows Public library (LibPub) objects.
Getting Started17
Opening the catalog
1.Press k on the keypad to open the catalog.
2.Select the tab that contains the function, symbol or expression you
want to insert into your problem.
3.Use the scroll bar or down arrow to display the item, and click to
select it.
4.Press
· or double-click to insert the item.
Note: Some functions have a wizard to help you enter function
arguments. If you prefer to enter the argument values directly on
the entry line, you may need to click the wizard icon to disable it.
18Getting Started
Entering special characters or templates
There are two icons on the tool bar that give you quick access to symbols
and templates:
provides a symbol palette for adding special characters.
contains math templates for creating two dimensional
objects, including square root, integral, and product sum.
1.To access one of the palettes, click the desired icon to open the
palette.
2.Use the scrollbar, arrow keys, or mouse click to highlight the item.
3.Press Enter or double-click to insert the item.
Getting Started19
Changing the desktop view
The TI-Nspireé CAS computer software allows you to change the display
to meet specific needs.
To change the desktop view:
fClick View on the tool menu and select TI-Nspireé CAS Handheld
View or Presentation view.
TI-Nspire™
The Handheld View allows you to preview documents as they will appear
on the handheld.
Handheld View
20Getting Started
Presentation View
The Presentation View displays pages without the navigation pane. This
view is useful when displaying documents with a digital projector.
Getting Started21
22Getting Started
Working with Documents
All work that you create and save with the TI-Nspireé computer software
is stored as a document. A document consists of one or more problems.
Each problem contains one or more pages. A single page displays in the
work area on your screen. All work occurs on pages.
Note: A TI-Nspire™ math and science learning technology document can
contain up to 30 problems, and each problem can contain a maximum of
50 pages.
Creating a new document
When you first open the TI-Nspireé computer software, a blank
document with one problem opens automatically. A blank page displays
on the work area of the desktop. You can add applications and content
to this page to create a document.
You can create a new document at any time using the following steps.
fSelect
File > New or click .
The new document opens in the work area and displays a blank
page.
Working with Documents23
Adding an application to a page
To add an application to a page:
1.Select the Insert menu or click to display the application list.
24Working with Documents
2.Click to select the application you want to add to the page.
The application displays on the page, with a toolbar specific to that
application.
Adding multiple applications to a page
By default, each page contains space to add one application. If you need
to add more than one application to a page, you can change the layout
to accommodate as many as four applications.
1.Select the View Menu and then select Layout, or click to
display the page layout menu.
Working with Documents25
2.Highlight the layout you wish to add to the page, and click to select
it.
The page displays the new layout. You can add an application to
each of the new work areas on the page.
26Working with Documents
Adding a problem to a document
A document can contain as many as 30 problems. To add a new problem
to a document:
fSelect the Insert Menu and then select Problem, or click and
select
Problem.
A new problem and one new page are added to your document.
Adding a page to a problem
Each problem can contain up to 50 pages. There are three ways to add a
new page to a problem.
fClick and select
A new page displays. Select an application to add to the page.
-- or --
Page.
fSelect the Insert Menu and then select
Page.
A new page displays. Select an application to add to the page.
-- or --
fPress Ctrl + I.
A new page displays. Select an application to add to the page.
Working with Documents27
Using the Page Sorter
The Page Sorter is the area on the left side of the screen. It displays
thumbnail views of all pages in the document. Use the Page Sorter to
move to different pages in your document, and to quickly move and
rearrange pages.
À
Â
Á
À Page Sorter - displays thumbnail sketches of all pages in all
problems in the current document. Use the scroll bar to view pages
off the screen.
Á Active page - this is the page currently highlighted in the Page
Sorter and active in the work area.
 Problem/Page counter - displays the problem number followed by
the page number.
Selecting pages in the Page Sorter
The Page Sorter always indicates the active page in the work area.
•If you are working on a page in the work area, this page is indicated
in the page sorter by a bold black border.
•If you are actively using the Page Sorter, the active page displayed in
the work area has a blue border in the Page Sorter pane.
Clicking on any page in the Page Sorter makes it the active page, and it
displays in the work area.
Rearranging pages in the Page Sorter
Use the Page Sorter to change the order of pages within a problem.
1.Click to select the thumbnail view of the page in the Page Sorter.
28Working with Documents
2.Hold down the mouse button and drag the page to the desired
position, and release to drop it in the new location.
Saving documents
To save a new document:
1.Select File > Save As..., or press .
The Save TI-Nspire™ Document dialog opens. The default location
for saving documents is My Documents/TI-Nspire.
2.Select (or create) a folder in which to store the document.
3.Type a name for the new document.
4.Click
OK to save the document.
Documents are saved with the extension .tns.
Saving a document with a new name
You can save a document in a new folder and/or with a new name. To do
this:
1.Select
2.Type a new name for the document.
Working with Documents29
File > Save As... .
The Save As ... dialog opens. Select (or create) a folder in which to
store the document.
3.Click OK to save the document with a new name.
Printing documents
If your computer is connected to a printer, you can print the contents of
an open document. To access the print dialog, do one of the following:
•Select
•Press Ctrl + P.
You can also click the Printer icon in the tool bar. This immediately
prints the contents of the page displayed in the work area.
The Print dialog enables you to select:
•a range of problems to be printed, including all problems in the
•the number of copies to be printed.
•the size of the paper in your printer. The default is Letter in the US
•the orientation of the printout: portrait or landscape. Landscape is
•page scaling, if desired. The default is None. The printer fits the
•the ability to preview what the printout will look like by clicking the
Once you have selected the print job parameters, select Print.
Note: If you do not change any print settings, the entire document is
printed, not just the page displayed in the work area.
File > Print.
document.
and A4 in Europe.
the default option.
visible page on the printout, but some cropping may occur. The
second option,
card.
Print Preview button.
Print Screen, prints what is visible on the TI-Nspire™
30Working with Documents
Using Print Preview
This option enables you to see how your document printout will appear
before you enter a print request. You can move from page-to-page in
this view to review the entire range of pages in your print request.
Linking values on pages
Variable linking is a powerful tool for building and exploring
mathematical models. Values and functions created or defined in one
application can interact with other TI-Nspire™ CAS computer software
for math and science applications to share data. (The relationship
between Graphs & Geometry and Data Collection is a special one and is
discussed in the Data Collection chapter.)
There are a few features to keep in mind when using linked items:
•Values can be linked between applications on one page or between
different pages of the same problem.
•Since all applications are linked to the same actual data, if you delete
it from any application, all references to the data are lost.
•If the linked value is changed in the original application, the change
is reflected in all linked usages.
Each application allows you to define a value or function as a variable.
Defining a variable is the first step in linking values.
Working with Documents31
Creating TI-Nspire™ variables
Variables can be any portion or attribute of an object or function created
within an application. Examples of attributes that can become variables
are the area of a rectangle, the radius of a circle, the value contained in a
spreadsheet cell or the contents of a row or column, or a function
expression. When you create a variable, it is stored in memory.
Types of variables
You can store the following data types as variables:
Data typeExamples
Expression
List{2, 4, 6, 8}{1, 1, 2}
2.54 1.25E62pxmin/102+3i(xN2)
2
/2
2
Matrix
123
This can be entered as:
[1,2,3;3,6,9]
369
Character string“Hello”“xmin/10”“The answer is:”
Functionmyfunc( arg )ellipse( x, y, r1, r2 )
Measurementarea, perimeter, length, slope, angle
Creating a variable from a Graphs & Geometry value
1.Click to select the value to store as a variable.
2.Do one of the following:
•From the TI-Nspire™ tool bar, select the Variables tool (). The
Variables options are displayed with Store highlighted.
•Press
•Select the Tools Menu and select the Variables option. The
Ctrl + L to display the Variables options. Store is
highlighted.
Variables options are displayed with Store highlighted.
32Working with Documents
3.Press Enter. VAR := appears before the selected value.
This is the default variable name. Type over VAR with the variable
name you want to give the value.
4.When the variable name is typed, press Enter.
The value is saved to that variable name, and the stored value or its
name appears in bold text to indicate it is a stored value.
Creating a variable from a Lists & Spreadsheet cell value
You can share a cell value with other applications. When defining or
referring to a shared cell in Lists & Spreadsheet, you precede the name
with an apostrophe (‘).
1.Click the cell that you want to share.
2.Press
Working with Documents33
h.
A formula is inserted into the cell with var as a placeholder for a
variable name.
3.Replace the letters “var” with a name for the variable, and press
·.
The value is now available as a variable to other applications within
the same problem.
Note: If a variable with the name you specified already exists in the
current problem space, Lists & Spreadsheet displays an error message.
Creating Calculator variables
As alternatives to using h, you can use “:=” or the Define command.
All of the following statements are equivalent.
3
5+8
& num
num := 5+8
Define num=5+8
3
3
Special considerations for variables
Rules for naming variables
Variable and function names that you create must meet the following
naming rules.
Note: Avoid defining variables that use the same names as those used
for statistical analysis. In some cases, an error condition could occur.
Variable names used for statistical analysis are listed in the Appendix of
Functions, under the
•You can use 1 to 16 characters consisting of letters, digits, and the
underscore character (_). Letters can be U.S. or Greek letters (but not
Π or p), accented letters, and international letters.
•You can use uppercase or lowercase letters. The names AB22, Ab22, aB22, and ab22 all refer to the same variable.
•The first character cannot be a digit.
•Do not use spaces.
•If you use an underscore as the first character, the variable is
considered a type of unit, such as _m, _ft, and _in. Units do not allow
subsequent underscores in the name.
•You cannot use a preassigned variable or function name, such as ans
or min.
Note: For a complete list of TI-Nspire™ functions, refer to the
TI-Nspire™ Reference Guide.
StatMatrix entry.
34Working with Documents
Here are some examples:
Variable nameValid?
MyvarYes
My varNo. Contains a space.
aYes
LogNo. Name is preassigned to the
log( ) function.
Log1Yes
3rdTotalNo. Starts with a digit.
Preventing name conflicts
A TI-Nspire™ shared variable can have the same name as a table cell or
column letter. To help you prevent name conflicts in your table formulas,
Lists & Spreadsheet provides syntax rules.
•To refer to a variable whose name could conflict with the name of a
cell (such as A1), precede the variable name with an apostrophe
(‘A1).
•To refer to a table column (such as A) without conflicting with a
single-letter variable name A, follow the column letter with a pair of
brackets (A[]).
Use this
syntax:To refer to:Remarks
myvarThe shared variable
myvar.
No special syntax is needed,
because this name does not conflict
with a cell or column reference.
A1The table cell at
column A, row 1.
This syntax always refers to table
cell A1—never to variable A1.
‘A1The shared variable A1. The apostrophe makes this a
reference to variable A1—never to
table cell A1.
AThe shared variable A.This syntax never refers to column
A.
A[]Column A of the
current table.
Working with Documents35
Brackets make this a reference to
column A—never to variable A.
Checking a variable’s value using the Calculator
application
You can check the value of an existing variable by entering its name on
the Calculator entry line.
fOn the Calculator entry line, type the variable name num and press
Enter.
The value most recently stored in num displays as the result.
Using (linking) TI-Nspire™ variables
Sharing, or linking, the variables you create is a powerful tool for math
exploration. The display of linked variables is automatically updated
when the variable’s value changes.
In the following two examples, two data lists were created in Lists &
Spreadsheet and then plotted in Graphs & Geometry.
When the values are altered in Lists & Spreadsheet, they are
automatically updated in Graphs & Geometry.
36Working with Documents
Linking to shared variables
To use a stored variable:
1.Display the page and select the location or object to which you want
to link to a variable.
2.Do one of the following:
•From the TI-Nspire™ tool bar, select the Variables tool (). The
Variables options are displayed with Store highlighted.
•Press
•Select the Tools Menu and select the Variables option. The
3.Use 9 and : to scroll the list, or type part of the variable name.
As you type, the TI-Nspire™ system displays a list of variables that
begin with the letters you typed. Typing part of the name enables
you to locate a variable more quickly if the list is long.
Ctrl + L to display the Variables options. Store is
highlighted.
Variables options are displayed with Store highlighted.
Working with Documents37
4.When you locate and highlight the name of the variable you want to
use, click the name or press
Enter.
The selected variable value is linked.
Linking a Lists & Spreadsheet cell to a variable
When you link a cell to a variable, Lists & Spreadsheet keeps the cell
value updated to reflect the current value of the variable. The variable
can be any variable in the current problem and can be defined in Graphs
& Geometry, Calculator, or any instance of Lists & Spreadsheet.
Note: Do not link to a system variable. Doing so could prevent the
variable from being updated by the system. System variables include ans, StatMatrix, and statistics results (such as RegEqn, dfError, and Resid).
1.Click the cell that you want to link to the variable.
2.Click , and click
Cell.
The VarLink menu displays.
3.Under
Link To, scroll to the name of the variable and click it.
The cell shows the value of the variable.
38Working with Documents
Removing a linked variable
To remove a linked variable from a page:
1.Select the linked variable.
2.Do one of the following:
•From the TI-Nspire™ tool bar, select the Variables tool ().
•Press
•Select the Tools Menu and select the Variables option.
The Variables options are displayed.
Ctrl + L to display the Variables options.
3.Select
Unlink.
The link is removed from the value, and the value displays without
any bolding.
Working with Documents39
40Working with Documents
Using Calculator
Getting started with the Calculator application
The Calculator application gives you a place to enter and evaluate math
expressions. You can also use it to define variables, functions, and
programs. When you define or edit a variable, function, or program, it
becomes available to any TI-Nspire™ math and science learning
technology application—such as Graphs & Geometry—that resides in the
same problem.
You can also use Calculator to define library objects, such as variables,
functions, and programs, which are accessible from any problem of any
document. For information on creating library objects, see the
“Libraries” section of the documentation.
À
Á
Using Calculator41
Â
À Calculator menu – This menu is available anytime you are in the
Calculator work area. The menu in this screen snapshot may not
exactly match the menu on your screen.
Á Calculator work area
–You enter a math expression on the entry line and then press
Enter to evaluate the expression.
–Expressions display in standard mathematical notation as you
enter them.
–Entered expressions and results show in the Calculator history.
 Example of Calculator variables used in another TI-Nspire™
application
The Calculator tool menu
The Calculator tool menu lets you enter and evaluate a variety of math
expressions.
Menu
Name
Actions
Number
Menu OptionFunction
DefineInserts the Define command.
Recall DefinitionLets you view, reuse, or modify
a function or program that you
have defined.
Delete VariableInserts the
Clear a-zDeletes all variables with
single-letter names.
Clear HistoryDeletes all expressions in the
Calculator history.
Insert CommentLets you insert text.
LibraryLets you refresh all libraries, set
LibPub or LibPriv access, or
insert a “\” character
Convert to Decimal
FactorInserts factor().
Inserts
delVar command.
¢Decimal command.
42Using Calculator
Menu
Name
Menu OptionFunction
Least Common MultipleInserts lcm().
Greatest Common DivisorInserts
RemainderInserts
gcd() function.
remain().
Fraction ToolsLets you select
getNum(), getDenom(), or
comDenom().
Number ToolsLets you select
fPart(), sign(), mod(), floor(),
or ceiling().
Complex
Complex ConjugateInserts conj().
Real PartInserts
Imaginary PartInserts
Polar AngleInserts
real().
imag().
angle().
MagnitudeInserts the absolute value
template.
Convert to Polar
Convert to Rectangular
Inserts ¢Polar command.
Inserts ¢Rect command.
Algebra
SolveInserts
FactorInserts
solve().
factor().
propFrac(),
round(), iPart(),
ExpandInserts
ZerosInserts
Numerical SolveInserts
expand().
zeros().
nSolve().
Polynomial ToolsLets you select
polyRemainder(),
polyQuotient(), polyGcd(),
polyCoeffs(), or polyDegree().
Using Calculator43
Menu
Name
Menu OptionFunction
Fraction ToolsLets you select propFrac(),
getNum(), getDenom(), or
comDenom().
TrigonometryLets you select
tCollect().
ComplexLets you select
cFactor(), or cZeros().
ExtractLets you select
tExpand() or
cSolve(),
left() or right().
Finance SolverStarts the Finance Solver.
Calculus
DerivativeInserts the Derivative template.
IntegralInserts the Integral template.
LimitInserts the Limit template.
SumInserts the Sum template.
ProductInserts the Product template.
Function MinimumInserts
Function MaximumInserts
Arc LengthInserts
SeriesLets you select
Differential Equation
fMin().
fMax().
arcLen().
taylor(),
series(), or dominantTerm().
Inserts
deSolve().
Solver
Implicit DifferentiationInserts
Numerical CalculationsLets you select
Probability
impDif().
nDeriv(), nInt(),
nfMin(), or nfMax()
Factorial (!)Inserts !.
PermutationsInserts
CombinationsInserts
44Using Calculator
nPr().
nCr().
Menu
Name
Statistics
Menu OptionFunction
RandomLets you select rand(),
randInt(), randBin(),
randNorm(), randSamp(), or
RandSeed.
DistributionsLets you select from several
distributions, such as
, Binomial Cdf, and
Pdf
Inverse F.
Normal
Stat CalculationsLets you select from several
statistics calculations, such as
one-variable analysis, twovariable analysis, and
regressions.
Stat ResultsInserts the stat.results variable.
List MathLets you select from several list
calculations, such as minimum,
maximum, and mean.
List OperationsLets you select from several list
operations, such as sorting,
filling, and converting to a
matrix.
DistributionsLets you select from several
distributions, such as
, Binomial Cdf, and
Pdf
Inverse F.
Normal
Confidence IntervalsLets you select from several
confidence intervals, such as
t interval and zinterval.
Stat Tests Lets you select from several
tests such as
.
test
Matrix & Vector
Tra nspose
Using Calculator45
Inserts
ANOVA, t test, z
T
Menu
Name
Menu OptionFunction
DeterminantInserts det().
Inserts
ref().
rref().
Row-Echelon FormInserts
Reduced Row-Echelon
Form
SimultaneousInserts
simult().
CreateLets you select from several
matrix-creation options, such as
identity, diagonal, submatrix,
and others.
NormsLets you select
rowNorm(), or colNorm().
DimensionsLets you select
rowDim(), or colDim().
Row OperationsLets you select
rowAdd(), mRow(), or
mRowAdd().
norm(),
dim(),
rowSwap(),
Element OperationsInserts “dot” operators such as
.+ (dot add) and .^ (dot power).
AdvancedInserts
VectorInserts
eigVl(), eigVc(), LU, or
QR.
unitV(), crossP(), dotP(),
8Polar, 8Rect ,8Cylind, or
8Sphere.
Functions & Programs
Program EditorLets you view, open for editing,
import, or create a new
program or function.
Func...EndFuncInserts a template for creating a
function.
Prgm...EndPrgmInserts a template for creating a
program.
LocalInserts the
46Using Calculator
Local command.
Menu
Name
Menu OptionFunction
ControlLets you select from a list of
function and program-control
templates, such as
If...Then...EndIf,
While...EndWhile,
Try...E lse...End Try, and others.
TransferInserts transfer commands
Return, Cycle, Exit, Lbl, Stop,
or Goto.
DispDisplays intermediate results.
ModeInserts commands for setting or
reading modes, such as display
digits, angle mode, base mode,
and others.
Add New LineStarts a new line within a
function or program definition.
Before you begin
fOpen the computer software, and add the Calculator application to
a document.
Entering and evaluating math expressions
Options for entering expressions
Calculator lets you enter and edit expressions through several methods.
•By clicking keys on the virtual keypad, including the Catalog (
key. (To display the virtual keypad, click
•By selecting items from the Calculator menu
•By pressing shortcut keys on the computer keyboard.
View > Keypad.)
Entering simple math expressions
Note: To enter a negative number on the handheld, press v. To enter a
negative number on a computer keyboard, press the hyphen key (
Suppose you want to evaluate
1.Select the entry line in the Calculator work area.
Using Calculator47
k)
-).
2.Type 2^8 to begin the expression.
3.Press
4.Press Enter to evaluate the expression.
Note: If a result does not fit on the same line with the expression, it
displays on the next line.
¢ to return the cursor to the baseline, and then type *43/12.
The expression displays in standard mathematical notation, and the
result displays on the right side of the Calculator.
Controlling the form of a result
You might expect to see a decimal result instead of 2752/3 in the
preceding example. A close decimal equivalent is 917.33333..., but that’s
only an approximation.
By default, Calculator retains the more precise form: 2752/3. Any result
that is not a whole number displays in a fractional or symbolic form (1/2,
2
p, , etc.). This reduces rounding errors that could be introduced by
intermediate results in chained calculations.
You can force a decimal approximation in a result:
•By holding down
expression.
Ctrl before pressing Enter to evaluate the
Pressing
•By including a decimal in the expression (for example,
43).
48Using Calculator
/
· forces approximate result.
43. instead of
•By wrapping the expression in the approx() function.
•By changing the document’s
Auto or Approximate mode setting to
Approximate. (On the File menu, select Document Settings.) Note
that this method forces all results in all of the document’s problems
to approximate.
Inserting items from the Catalog
You can use the Catalog to insert system functions and commands, units,
symbols, and expression templates into the Calculator entry line.
1.Click to open the Catalog.
Note: Some functions have a wizard that prompts you for each
argument. If you prefer to enter the argument values directly on the
entry line, you may need to disable the wizard.
2.Click the tab for the category of the item.
Using Calculator49
contains all commands and functions, in alphabetical
order
contains all math functions
provides the values for standard measurement units.
provides a symbol palette for adding special characters.
contains math templates for creating two dimensional
objects, including product, sum, square root and integral.
shows Public library (LibPub) objects.
3.Click to select the item that you want to insert.
4.Press
Enter to insert the item into the entry line.
Using an expression template
The Calculator has templates for entering matrices, piecewise functions,
systems of equations, integrals, derivatives, products, and other math
expressions.
For example, suppose you want to evaluate
1.Click to display the Template palette.
2.Select to insert the algebraic sum template.
The template appears on the entry line with small blocks
representing elements that you can enter. A cursor appears next to
one of the elements to show that you can type a value for that
element.
50Using Calculator
3.Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to each element’s position,
and type a value or expression for each element.
4.Press Enter to evaluate the expression.
Creating matrices
1.Click to display the Template palette.
2.Select .
The Create a Matrix dialog box displays.
3.Type the Number of rows.
4.Type the Number of columns, and then select OK.
Using Calculator51
Calculator displays a template with spaces for the rows and columns.
Note: If you create a matrix with a large number of rows and
columns, it may take a few moments to appear.
5.Type the matrix values into the template, and press Enter to define
the matrix.
Inserting a row or column into a matrix
fTo insert a new row, hold down Alt and press Enter.
fTo insert a new column, hold down
Shift and press Enter.
Inserting expressions using a wizard
You can use a wizard to simplify entering some expressions. The wizard
contains labeled boxes to help you enter the arguments in the
expression.
For example, suppose you want to fit a y=mx+b linear regression model
to the following two lists:
{1,2,3,4,5}
{5,8,11,14,17}
1.Click to open the Catalog.
2.Click to show an alphabetic list of functions.
3.Press
4.Press
5.If the Use Wizard option is not checked, click it.
6.Press
52Using Calculator
¤, and then press L to jump to the entries that begin with “L.”
¤ as necessary to highlight LinRegMx.
Enter.
A wizard opens, giving you a labeled box to type each argument.
7.Type {1,2,3,4,5} as X List.
8.Press Tab to move to the Y List box.
9.Type
{5,8,11,14,17} as Y List.
10. If you want to store the regression equation in a specific variable,
press Tab, and then replace Save RegEqn To with the name of the
variable.
11. Select OK to close the wizard and insert the expression into the entry
line.
Calculator inserts the expression and adds a statement to display the
variable stat.results, which will contain the results.
LinRegMx {1,2,3,4,5},{5,8,11,14,17},1 : stat.results
Calculator then displays the stat.results variables.
Note: You can copy values from the stat.results variables and paste
them into the entry line.
Using Calculator53
Creating a piecewise function
1.Begin the function definition. For example, type the following.
Define f(x,y)=
2.Click to display the Template palette.
3.Select .
The Piecewise Function dialog box displays.
4.Type the
Number of Function Pieces, and select OK.
Calculator displays a template with spaces for the pieces.
5.Type the expressions into the template, and press Enter to define the
function.
6.Enter an expression to evaluate or graph the function. For example,
enter the expression f(1,2) on the Calculator entry line.
Creating a system of equations
1.Open the Template palette.
2.Select .
The Create a System of Equations dialog box displays.
3.Type the
Calculator displays a template with spaces for the equations.
Number of Equations, and select OK.
54Using Calculator
4.Type the equations into the template, and press Enter (·) to
define the system.
Deferring evaluation
You don’t have to complete and evaluate an expression as soon as you
begin typing it. You can type part of an expression, leave to check some
work you did on another page, and then come back to complete the
expression later.
Working with variables
When you first store a value in a variable, you give the variable a name.
•If the variable does not already exist, Calculator creates it.
•If the variable already exists, Calculator updates it.
Variables within a problem are shared by TI-Nspire™ math and science
learning technology applications. For example, you can create a variable
in Calculator and then use or modify it in Graphs & Geometry or Lists &
Spreadsheet within the same problem.
Exception: Variables created with the
defined function or program are not accessible outside that function or
program.
Storing a value in a variable
This example creates a variable named num and stores the result of the
expression 5+8
1.On the Calculator entry line, type the expression
3
in that variable.
Local command within a user-
5+8^3.
2.Press
3.On the virtual keypad, click
Using Calculator55
¢ to expand the cursor to the baseline.
/h and then type the variable
name
num.
This means: Calculate 5+83 and store the result as a variable named
num.
4.Press
Enter.
Calculator creates the variable num and stores the result there.
Alternative methods for storing a variable
As alternatives to using & (store), you can use “:=” or the Define
command. All of the following statements are equivalent.
3
5+8
& num
num := 5+8
Define num=5+8
3
3
Checking a variable’s value
You can check the value of an existing variable by entering its name on
the Calculator entry line.
fOn the Calculator entry line, type the variable name
Enter.
The value most recently stored in num displays as the result.
num and press
Using a variable in a calculation
After storing a value in a variable, you can use the variable name in an
expression as a substitute for the stored value.
1.Type
2.Type
56Using Calculator
4*25*num^2 on the entry line, and press Enter.
Calculator substitutes 517, the value currently assigned to num, and
evaluates the expression.
4*25*nonum^2, and press Enter.
Because the variable nonum has not been defined, it is treated
algebraically in the result.
Updating a variable
If you want to update a variable with the result of a calculation, you
must store the result explicitly.
EntryResultComment
a := 2
3
a
a
a := a
a
2
a
&a
3
2
8Result not stored in variable a.
2
8Variable a updated with result.
8
64Variable a updated with result.
a
64
Types of variables
You can store the following TI-Nspire™ math and science learning
technology data types as variables:
Data typeExamples
Expression
2.54 1.25E6 2p 2+3i (xN2)
2
/2
2
List{2, 4, 6, 8}{1, 1, 2}
Matrix
123
This can be entered as:
[1,2,3;3,6,9]
369
Character string“Hello”“xmin/10”“The answer is:”
Functionmyfunc(arg)ellipse(x, y, r1, r2)
Entering multiple statements on the entry line
To enter several statements on a single line, separate them with a colon
(“:”). Only the result of the last expression is shown.
Using Calculator57
Rules for naming variables
Note: In the unlikely event that you create a variable with the same
name as one used for statistical analysis or by the Finance Solver, an error
condition could occur. If you begin entering a variable name that is
already in use in the current problem, the software shows the entry in
bold to let you know.
•Variable names must be in one of the forms xxx or xxx.yyy. The xxx
part can have 1 to 16 characters. The yyy part, if used, can have 1 to
15 characters. If you use the xxx.yyy form, both xxx and yyy are
required; you cannot start or end a variable name with a period “.”
•Characters can consist of letters, digits, and the underscore character
(_). Letters can be U.S. or Greek letters (but not Π or p), accented
letters, and international letters.
•You can use uppercase or lowercase letters. The names AB22, Ab22, aB22, and ab22 all refer to the same variable.
•You cannot use a digit as the first character of xxx or yyy.
•Do not use spaces.
•If you want a variable to be treated as a complex number, use an
underscore as the last character of the name.
•If you want a variable to be treated as a type of unit (such as _m or
_ft), use an underscore as the first character of the name. You cannot
use subsequent underscores in the name.
•You cannot use a preassigned variable, function, or command name,
such as Ans,
Note: For a complete list of TI-Nspire™ functions, refer to the
Reference Guide.
•Library documents and library objects are subject to additional
naming restrictions. For details, see the “Libraries” section of the
documentation.
Here are some examples:
min, or tan.
Variable namesValid?
Myvar, my.varYes
My var, list 1No. Contains a space.
a, b, cYes
Log, AnsNo. Preassigned to a system function or variable.
Log1, list1.a, list1.bYes
58Using Calculator
Variable namesValid?
3rdTotal, list1.1No. xxx or yyy starts with a digit.
Reusing the last answer
Each instance of Calculator automatically stores the last calculated result
as a variable named Ans. You can use Ans to create a chain of
calculations.
Note: Do not link to Ans or any system variable. Doing so could prevent
the variable from being updated by the system. System variables include
statistics results (such as Stat.RegEqn, Stat.dfError, and Stat.Resid) and
Finance Solver variables (such as tvm.n, tvm.pmt, and tvm.fv).
As an example of using Ans, calculate the area of a garden plot that is 1.7
meters by 4.2 meters. Then use the area to calculate the yield per square
meter if the plot produces a total of 147 tomatoes.
1.On the Calculator entry line, type
2.Type
147/ans, and press Enter to find the yield.
1.7*4.2, and press Enter.
As a second example, calculate and then add
3.Type
4.Type
3.76/(-7.9+sqrt(5)), and press Enter.
ans+2*log(45), and press Enter.
2*log(45).
Using Calculator59
Temporarily substituting a value for a variable
Use the “|” (such that) operator to assign a value to a variable for just a
single execution of the expression.
a:=200.12200.12
a2 | a=100
a200.12
10000
Creating user-defined functions and programs
You can use the Define command to create your own functions and
programs. You can create them in the Calculator application or in the
Program Editor and then use them in other TI-Nspire™ applications.
For information on programming with the Program Editor, see the
“Programming” and “Libraries” sections of the documentation.
Defining a single-line function
Suppose you want to define a function named cube() that calculates the
cube of a number or variable.
1.On the Calculator entry line, type
Enter.
The message “Done” confirms that the function has been defined.
2.Type
cube(2) and press Enter to test the function.
Define cube(x)=x^3 and press
Defining a multiple-line function using templates
You can define a function consisting of multiple statements entered on
separate lines. A multiple-line function may be easier to read than one
with multiple statements separated by colons.
Note: You can create multiple-line functions only by using the
command. You cannot use the := or & operators to create multiple-line
definitions. The Func...EndFunc template serves as a container for the
statements.
60Using Calculator
Define
As an example, define a function named g(x,y) that compares two
arguments x and y. If argument x > argument y, the function should
return the value of x. Otherwise, it should return the value of y.
1.On the Calculator entry line, type
Enter yet.
Define g(x,y)=. Do not press
2.On the Functions & Programs menu, select Func...EndFunc.
Calculator inserts the template.
3.On the
If...Then...Else...EndIf.
Functions & Programs menu, select Control, and then select
Calculator inserts the template.
4.Type the remaining parts of the function, using the arrow keys to
move the cursor from line to line.
5.Press
Enter to complete the definition.
6.Evaluate g(3,-7) to test the function.
Using Calculator61
Defining a multiple-line function manually
Note: To start each new line without completing the function definition,
you hold down
As an example, define a function
cumulative sum of integers from 1 through x.
1.On the Calculator entry line, type
Enter yet.
Alt and press Enter.
cum_sum(x) that calculates the
Define cum_sum(x)=. Do not press
2.On the
Functions & Programs menu, select Func...EndFunc.
Calculator inserts the template.
3.Type the following lines, pressing
4.After typing
Return temp_sum, press Enter to complete the
Alt Enter at the end of each line.
definition.
5.Evaluate cum_sum(5) to test the function.
62Using Calculator
Defining a program
Defining a program is similar to defining a multiple-line function. The
Prgm...EndPrgm template serves as a container for the program
statements.
As an example, create a program named
arguments. Based on the comparison, the program should display the
text “x greater than y” or “x not greater than y” (showing the values of x
and y in the text).
1.On the Calculator entry line, type Define prog1(x,y)=. Do not press
Enter yet.
g(x,y) that compares two
2.On the
Functions & Programs menu, select Prgm...EndPrgm.
Calculator inserts the template.
3.On the Functions & Programs menu, select Control, and then select
If...Then...Else...EndIf.
Calculator inserts the template.
4.Type the remaining parts of the function, using the arrow keys to
move the cursor from line to line.
Using Calculator63
5.Press Enter to complete the definition.
6.Execute prog1(3,-7) to test the program.
Recalling a function or program definition
You might want to reuse or modify a function or program that you have
defined.
1.On the
A dialog box appears with a list of defined functions and programs.
2.Select the name from the list.
The definition (For example
entry line for editing.
Actions menu, select Recall Definition.
Define f(x)=1/x+3) is pasted into the
Editing
Although you cannot edit an expression in the Calculator history, you can
copy all or part of an expression from the history and paste it to the entry
line. You can then edit the entry line.
Calculator
expressions
Positioning the cursor in an expression
fPress Tab to cycle through the parameters of a template.
– or –
64Using Calculator
Press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to move the cursor through the expression. The
cursor moves to the closest valid position in the direction that you
press.
Note: An expression template may force the cursor to move through its
parameters, even though some parameters may not be exactly in the
path of the cursor movement. For example, moving upward from the
main argument of an integral always moves the cursor to the top limit.
Inserting into an expression in the entry line
1.Position the cursor at the point where you want to insert additional
elements.
2.Type the elements that you want to insert.
Note: When you insert an open parenthesis, Calculator adds a temporary
close parenthesis, displayed in gray. You can override the temporary
parenthesis by typing the same parenthesis manually or by entering
something past the temporary parenthesis (thereby implicitly validating
its position in the expression). After you override the temporary gray
parenthesis, it is replaced with a black parenthesis.
Selecting part of an expression
1.Click a starting point in the expression.
2.Press and hold the Shift key and press ¡, ¢, £, or ¤ to select.
– or –
Drag through the expression to select.
Deleting all or part of an expression on the entry line
1.Select the part of the expression to delete.
2.Press Delete.
Financial calculations
Several TI-Nspire™ CAS functions provide financial calculations, such as
time value of money, amortization calculations, and return on
investment calculations.
The Calculator application also includes a Finance Solver. It lets you
dynamically solve several types of problems, such as loans and
investments.
Using the Finance Solver
1.On the Algebra menu, select Finance Solver.
Using Calculator65
The solver displays its default values (or previous values, if you have
already used the solver in the current problem).
2.Enter each known value, using the
tab key to cycle through the
items.
–The help information at the bottom of the solver describes each
item.
–You might need to temporarily skip the value that you want to
calculate.
–Make sure to set PpY, CpY, and PmtAt to the correct settings (12,
12, and END in this example).
3.Press Tab as necessary to select the item that you want to calculate,
and then press
Enter.
The solver calculates the value and stores all the values in “tvm.”
variables, such as tvm.n and tvm.pmt. These variables are accessible to
all TI-Nspire™ CAS applications within the same problem.
66Using Calculator
Finance functions included
In addition to the Finance Solver, TI-Nspire™ CAS built-in finance
functions include:
•TVM functions for calculating future value, present value, number of
payments, interest rate, and payment amount.
•Amortization information such as amortization tables, balance, sum
of interest payments, and sum of principal payments.
•Net present value, internal rate of return, and modified rate of
return.
•Conversions between nominal and effective interest rates, and
calculation of days between dates.
Notes:
•Finance functions do not automatically store their argument values or
results to the TVM variables.
•For a complete list of TI-Nspire™ functions, refer to the Reference
Guide.
Working with the
As you enter and evaluate expressions in the Calculator application, each
entry/result pair is saved in the Calculator history. The history gives you a
way to review your calculations, repeat a set of calculations, and copy
expressions for reuse in other pages or documents.
Calculator
history
Viewing the Calculator history
The history of the expressions you have entered accumulates above the
entry line, with the most recent expression at the bottom. If the history
does not fit in the Calculator work area, you can scroll through the
history.
Note: You may notice a processing slowdown when the history contains
a large number of entries.
fPress £ or ¤.
– or –
Drag the scrollbar slider.
Using Calculator67
À
Á
À
À Scrollbar buttons
Á Scroll position indicator
Reusing a previous expression or result
You can copy an expression, subexpression, or result from the Calculator
history and paste it into the entry line or into other TI-Nspire™
applications.
1.Scroll to the item that you want to copy.
2.Select the item.
Note: The float setting for the current document may limit the
number of decimal places displayed in a result. To capture the result
in its full precision, select it either by scrolling with the up and down
arrow keys or by triple-clicking it.
3.Press Ctrl C to make the copy.
4.Select the location where you want the copy.
5.Press
68Using Calculator
Ctrl V to paste the copy.
Note: If you copy an expression that uses variables into a different
problem, the values of those variables are not copied. You must define
the variables in the problem where you paste the expression.
Deleting an expression from the history
When you delete an expression, all variables and functions defined in the
expression retain their current values.
1.Drag or use the arrow keys to select the expression that you want to
delete.
2.Press
Delete.
The expression and its result are removed.
Clearing the Calculator history
When you clear the history, all variables and functions defined in the
history retain their current values. If you clear the history by mistake, use
the undo feature.
1.On the
All expressions and results are removed from the history.
Actions menu, select Clear History.
Using Calculator69
70Using Calculator
Using Graphs & Geometry
Getting started with Graphs & Geometry
The Graphs & Geometry application enables you to:
•Graph and explore functions.
•Create and explore geometric shapes.
•Animate points on objects or graphs and explore their behavior.
•Graph data collected by the Data Collection tool.
•Explore graphical and geometric transformations.
•Explore and investigate concepts of calculus.
•Link to data created by other applications and utilize it in Graphs &
Geometry.
À
Á
Â
À Graphs & Geometry toolbar (displays when a Graphs & Geometry
work area is active)
Á Sample Graphs & Geometry work area in Plane Geometry View with
Analytic Window shown
 Graphs & Geometry data entry line
Using Graphs & Geometry71
Getting acquainted with Graphs & Geometry
fOpen the TI-Nspireé computer software, and add the Graphs &
Geometry application to your page.
When you add Graphs & Geometry to a page, your work area contains
the x and y axes for a graph, as well as a function entry line and Graphs &
Geometry-specific tools.
The basic components of the Graphs & Geometry application are the:
•Tool menu line
•Work area (which contains the axes)
•Entry line.
The Tool menu
The Graphs & Geometry tool menu appears immediately above the work
area on the screen. It displays icons for menus that contain tools which
enable you to graph and explore different types of functions, draw and
explore geometric structures, as well as other capabilities which will be
covered in this chapter.
The following tables contain a brief summary of what each menu
contains or tool enables you to do within the Graphs & Geometry work
area.
.
Menu Option ListOverview of Tool Actions
ActionsProvides tools to access the pointer, hide or
show various graph features, add text,
delete all objects in the work area, access
the calculate tool, and access the attributes
for an object or function.
View Provides tools to manipulate the work area
features and display.
Graph TypeEnables you to select the type of graph to
plot in the work area: function, parametric,
polar, or scatter plot. The entry line below
the work area shows the notational
conventions to use to specify a function for
the selected graph type.
WindowProvides different Zoom settings as well as
the ability to define the x- and y-axis
minimums and maximums.
72Using Graphs & Geometry
Menu Option ListOverview of Tool Actions
Trace Creates and activates a trace on the graph.
Sets the trace increment and enables you to
create and remove geometric trace.
Points & Lines Provides tools for drawing various types of
points, lines, segments, rays, tangents, and
vectors.
MeasurementProvides tools for measuring angles, lengths,
areas, integrals, and slope.
ShapesProvides tools for drawing circles, triangles,
rectangles, and polygons.
ConstructionProvides tools to define perpendicular and
parallel lines, bisectors, midpoints, locus,
compass, and perform measurement
transfers.
TransformationProvides tools for symmetry, reflection,
translation, rotation, and dilation.
Action Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
Pointer Selects, moves, and manipulates
objects.
Hide/Show Enables you to hide or display any
object, function, or feature on the
work area.
Attributes Enables you to change the attributes
of a selected object in the work area.
Attributes vary depending upon the
object selected.
Delete All Removes all objects and graphed
functions from the page.
Text Places user-created alpha-numeric
values on the page. Numerical values
can be applied to objects. The tool
can be used to enter a function and
graph it.
Coordinates and
Equations
Using Graphs & Geometry73
Displays the coordinates of a point or
the equation of a line or circle.
Tool name Tool function
Calculate Opens the calculate tool to perform
calculations using measurements,
numerical values, or calculation
results. This tool is different from the
Calculator application.
Redefine Redefines a previously defined point
to a new location. For example, it can
define a point in free space to a
location on an object or from one
object to another object.
Data CollectionAdds the Data Collection tool to the
current Graphs & Geometry page. See
the Data Collection chapter for details
on using this tool.
View Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
GraphingPlaces the work area in graphing mode.
When you add Graphs & Geometry to a
page the Cartesian axes displays in the
work area with a function entry line
below.
Plane GeometryPlaces the work area in geometry mode.
Show scale displays, but no axes, grid, or
entry line displays.
Show Analytic
Window
Opens a small graphing window on a
plane geometry work area. Places the
Graphs & Geometry work area in
modeling mode. This tool can be used
only after Plane Geometry is selected.
Hide (Show) AxesHides the axes if they are currently
displayed on the page. Displays the axes
if none are displayed on the page.
Show (Hide) Grid Turns the grid on or off on the page.
Objects can be attached to the grid when
the grid is displayed.
Hide (Show) Entry Line Hides or displays the entry line on the
page.
74Using Graphs & Geometry
Tool name Tool function
Show (Hide) ScaleToggles between showing and hiding the
scale legend on the work area. When the
scale is shown, the value and/or units can
be changed to desired values/units. This
applies only to geometric constructions.
Add Function TableLaunches the Lists & Spreadsheet
function table. When launched from
Graphs & Geometry, it is pre-populated
with all functions defined in the problem
with the exception of hidden functions.
More information on using Function
Tables is available in the Lists &
Spreadsheet chapter of this document.
Graphing Type Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
Function Displays the function mode entry line at
the bottom of the work area.
Parametric Displays the parametric mode entry line
at the bottom of the work area. This
display shows the t-min, t-max, and t-step
values. The defaults are 0-2p
max, and p/24 for t-step.
PolarDisplays the Polar mode entry line at the
bottom of the work area. This display
shows the q-min, q-max, and q-step
values. The defaults are 0-2p
and q-max, and p/24 for q-step.
Scatter Plot Displays the Scatter Plot mode entry line
at the bottom of the work area.
for t-min, t-
for q-min
Window Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
Window SettingsDisplays the Window Settings dialog
that enables you to enter the x-min,
x-max, y-min, and y-max values for
the axes.
Using Graphs & Geometry75
Tool name Tool function
Zoom - Box Enables you to define an area that
you want to enlarge.
Zoom - In Enables you to define the center
point of the zoom in location. The
Zoom In factor is approximately 2.
Zoom - Out Enables you to define the center
point of the zoom out location. The
Zoom Out factor is approximately 2.
min, and y-max to center the origin.
The x and y scale factors are equal.
This is the default axes setting when
Graphs & Geometry is first added to
a page.
min, and y-max to emphasize the
first quadrant. The x and y scale
factors are equal.
Zoom - User If you have modified any window
settings (such as x-min), Zoom-User
saves the present settings. If you
have not modified any window
settings since last selecting ZoomUser, Zoom-User restores those
settings.
Zoom - Trig Automatically sets x-min and x-max
to integer multiples of p. The x and y
scale factors are equal.
Zoom - DataRedefines the axes so that all
statistical data points are displayed.
Zoom - Fit Recalculates y-min and y-max to
include the minimum and maximum
y values of all functions between the
current x-min and x-max. Hidden
functions are not included.
76Using Graphs & Geometry
Trace Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
Graph Trace Places and activates a trace point on
the graph, enabling you to trace a
function and identify points of interest
as they are encountered during the
trace.
Trace SettingEnables you to set the increment to use
between consecutive values jumped to
during Graph Trace.
Geometry Trace Enables you to view the pathway of a
geometric or analytic object (such as a
function graph) on the work area. The
pathway has a delayed fade. As more
movement occurs on the work area,
older portions of the pathway fade. If
you temporarily halt movement, a
portion of the trace path remains
displayed.
Erase Geometry TraceHalts geometric trace and erases all
persistent pathways on the work area.
Points and Lines Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
Point Constructs a point defined in free space,
on an object, or at the intersection of
two objects.
Point On Constructs a point defined on an object.
When the object is a function graph, the
coordinates are displayed.
Intersection PointConstructs a point at each intersection of
two selected objects.
Line Constructs an infinite line defined by
two points or by a point and a direction.
If you press Shift while creating the line,
you limit its orientation, relative to the
x-axis or the horizontal aspect of the
screen, by 15- increments.
Using Graphs & Geometry77
Tool name Tool function
Segment Constructs a segment, defined by two
end points, which may be created or
defined in free space or on a defined
object. If you press Shift while creating
the segment, you limit its orientation,
relative to the x-axis or the horizontal
aspect of the screen, by 15- increments.
Ray Constructs a ray, defined by two points
or by a point and a direction, extending
infinitely. If you press Shift while
creating the ray, you limit its orientation,
relative to the x-axis or the horizontal
aspect of the screen, by 15- increments.
Tangent Creates a tangent line.
Vector Constructs a vector with magnitude and
direction defined by two points. If you
press Shift while creating the vector, you
limit its orientation, relative to the x-axis
or the horizontal aspect of the screen, by
15- increments.
Measurement Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
Length Displays the distance between two
selected points or the length of a
segment, perimeter, circumference, or
radius.
Area Displays the area of a selected polygon
or circle.
Slope Displays the slope of a selected line or
segment. A vertical slope is represented
by %.
Angle Displays the measure of an angle or an
angle defined by three selected points.
78Using Graphs & Geometry
Tool name Tool function
Integral Calculates and displays the numerical
value of the integral of a selected
function, and shades the area between
the curve and the x-axis from point a to
point b.
Shapes Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
Circle Constructs a circle. The center point is
defined by the first click on the page and
the radius is determined by the second
click.
Triangle Constructs a triangle, defined by three
points (vertices), which may be created or
defined in free space or on a defined
object.
Rectangle Constructs a rectangle.
Polygon Constructs an n-sided polygon. Each click
defines a vertex, and the polygon is
completed by clicking the initial vertex or
by pressing Enter.
Regular PolygonConstructs an n-sided regular polygon.
Construction Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
Perpendicular Constructs a line perpendicular to a
selected line, segment, ray, vector, axis,
or side of a polygon, and passing
through a created or selected point.
Parallel Constructs a line parallel to a selected
line, segment, ray, vector, axis, or side
of a polygon, and passing through a
created or selected point.
Perpendicular Bisector Constructs a perpendicular line that
bisects two points, a segment, or side
of a polygon.
Using Graphs & Geometry79
Tool name Tool function
Angle Bisector Constructs a line that bisects an angle
identified by three selected points
where the second point is the vertex.
Midpoint Constructs a midpoint of two selected
points, a segment, or side of a
polygon.
Locus Constructs the locus of a point or
object defined by the movement of a
driver point along a pathway.
Pathways are geometric shapes and
function graphs.
Compass Constructs a circle from a center point
with a radius defined by a selected
segment or the distance between two
points.
Measurement Transfer Transfers an entered or measured
value to a selected object, axis, or
function graph. If the original value
changes, the change is also reflected in
the transferred measurement.
Transformation Menu Tools
Tool name Tool function
Symmetry Creates the image of an object rotated
- around a point.
180
Reflection Creates the image of an object reflected
across a line, segment, ray, vector, axis, or
side of a polygon.
Translation Creates the image of an object translated
by a specified vector.
Rotation Creates the image of an object rotated
around a point by a specified angular
value.
Dilation Creates the image of an object dilated
from a point by a specified factor.
80Using Graphs & Geometry
Note: When you select a tool to use, that tool’s icon displays in the upper
left corner of the Graphs & Geometry page. It is there to remind you
which tool is currently active.
Using the Context menu
The context menu provides the tools most commonly used with the
selected object, function, or axes.
To display the context menu, right click on an object, function, or
anywhere on the work area.
The first two options on this menu are:
•Recent 4: lists the 9 most recent tools you used. This is a session-
level listing. The tools used on any Graphs & Geometry page are
shown, regardless of the document in which they are used.
•Attributes: enables you to access the attributes appropriate for
the function, object, or work area
Additional options that are appropriate for your selection also display on
the menu. For example, the Context menu for a triangle also contains the
Hide/Show, Delete, Length, and Area options.
The following examples show the context menu for a function and a
circle.
Context menu for a function (analytic
object)
Context menu for a geometric object
The work area
There are two work area views available:
•Graphing
•Plane Geometry
Using Graphs & Geometry81
The graphing view
The graphing view is the default Graphs & Geometry work area display. It
contains:
•the default Cartesian axes in the Zoom Standard format (1:1
scale).
•the entry line from which you can graph up to 100 functions.
Axes, entry line, and grid can all be displayed or hidden, but in this view,
no scale for any drawn shapes (e.g. Circle, etc.) can be displayed. All
objects created in this view are analytic objects. Therefore, their
displayed size and proportion are affected only by the scale of the axis
system (the command "Show Scale" has no effect).
The plane geometry view
The plane geometry view removes the axes and entry line from the work
area to enable you to draw geometric shapes and explore them. In this
view, you can display and set a scale for your drawings.
To change to Plane Geometry view:
1.From the View menu, select the Plane Geometry View tool.
2.The display refreshes to clear the axes and entry line and display a
default scale. Any graphs or drawings created in graphing view are
not displayed on the plane geometry area.
To return to graphing mode:
fFrom the View Menu, select the Graphing View tool.
82Using Graphs & Geometry
The display refreshes to show the axes and entry line.
Note: Any geometric constructions created while in the plane
geometry view are retained and displayed along with any previouslycreated graphs.
The analytic window
The analytic (graphing) window is available in the plane geometry view.
It adds an analytic (graphing) window on top of a portion of the plane
geometry work area. This provides a combination work area that enables
you to use both work area types without toggling the view between
them.
To open the analytic window:
1.Ensure that the work area is in Plane Geometry view.
2.From the View menu, select Show Analytic Window .
3.A reduced size graphing window opens on the lower left corner of
the plane geometry space.
Using Graphs & Geometry83
Graphing
area
Modeling view - shows the previous two views
and the work done on both.
Plane
Geometry
area
You can alter the work area, without changing the view, to temporarily:
•hide the axes. Any graphs or objects remain displayed on the
work area.
•hide the entry line.
•hide the scale.
•resize the axes using the zoom tools or by dragging tic marks.
To display more of the plane geometry area, pan the screen.
To remove the analytic window from the work area
1.From the View menu, select Hide Analytic Window .
Object behavior in different views
When you create an object in the graph area, it is called an analytic
object, and all points of the object reside on the graph plane. When you
change the axes scale, you automatically affect the appearance of the
object. If you calculate a value associated with the object such as the
area, only generic units are assigned (u for unit). These objects remain
associated with the coordinate plane until you delete them or redefine
them to the plane geometry area. When working with a modeling view
work area, you cannot move an analytic object onto the plane geometry
area.
84Using Graphs & Geometry
When you create an object in the plane geometry area, it is a geometric
object. These objects can have an assigned scale, such as miles or
centimeters, instead of u for units. You can lock a point, such as one
vertex of a triangle, on the work area, but since the object is not tied to a
coordinate plane, you cannot display coordinates for that vertex. When
working with a modeling view work area, you can move a geometric
object into the graphing work area. The object remains a geometric
object, and is not associated with the axes.
The examples below shows a modeling work area and the two types of
objects: A is an analytic object while B is a geometric object.
While the two circles appear identical, they do not behave in the same
way. Analytic objects are impacted when the graph area is altered. In the
next example, the axes were altered. Notice that only Circle A’s
appearance is affected by the change.
Using Graphs & Geometry85
If you construct an object while the axis is hidden, the object created will
be a geometric object. However, if you construct an analytic object and
later hide the axis, the object remains an analytical one.
Triangle as it
appears in
Graphing
view. The
unlabeled
vertex remains
a geometric
point.