Tektronix TDS3000 Series Reference manual

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Wbahjdst
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jcwbkkjuhfas

cthbb TDS3000

071-0296-01

*P071029601*

071029601

Cjlthöfzbt

Gbnfzbt jn ]fnfhtb 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rzjgrb vtz[ 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aezrwbb Htöbv" 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ htubcnhfwbb lfzzsü 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ rehcjhf 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ ärhfzf 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ bpvthtzbq 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ cjühfztzby/dspjdf 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ eghfdktzby afqkfvb 15. . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ pfgecrf 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ pfgecrf gj ahjzne 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ pfgecrf jn dbltjcbuzfkf 18. . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ pfgecrf D 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ cthdbcf 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ cbcntvzjq rjzabuehfwbb 20. . . . . . . .

Vtz[ ddjlf/dsdjlf 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ zfcnhjqrb gfhfvtnhjd gtxfnb 24. . . .

Vtz[ rfkb]hjdrb 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ lbfuzjcnbrb 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ jnj]hfötzby gj dthnbrfkb 27. . . . . . . .

Vtz[ rfzfkf 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ Math 29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vtz[ Ref (jgjhzjuj cbuzfkf) 29. . . . . . . . . .

Fdnjvfnbxtcrbt bpvthtzby 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Copyright  Tektronix Inc. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Die Tektronix-Produkte sind von amerikanischen und
nicht-amerikanischen, erteilten und laufenden Patenten
gedeckt. Die Informationen dieser Veröffentlichungen
ersetzen die aller vorhergehenden. Die Spezifikationen und
Preise können ohne Vorankündigung geändert werden.

Tektronix Inc., P.O. Box 1000, Wilsonville, OR 97070–1000

TEKTRONIX, TEK, TEKPROBE und TekSecure sind
eingetragene Warenzeichen von Tektronix Inc.

DPX ist ein Warenzeichen von Tektronix Inc.

1

Gbnfzbt jn ]fnfhtb

Gbnfzbt jcwbkkjuhfaf vjötn jceotcndkynmcy jn
]fnfhtqzjuj bcnjxzbrf gbnfzby. Jcwbkkjuhfa vjötn
ztghthsdzj hf]jnfnm jn bcnjxzbrf gbnfzby jrjkj 2

xfcjd. Pzfxrb nhteujkmzbrf (

) b ]fnfhtb ( )
erfpsdf[n zf nj, xnj gbnfzbt jcwbkkjuhfaf
jceotcndkytncy jn ]fnfhtqzjuj bcnjxzbrf gbnfzby.
Pzfxjr ]fnfhtb ydkytncy bzlbrfnjhjv tt jcnfnjxzjuj
pfhylf.

GHTLEGHTÖLTZBT. Dj bp]töfzbt gjhfötzby

äktrnhbxtcrbv njrjv ghb]jh ljkötz ]snm
pfptvktz. Ghb bcgjkmpjdfzbb ]fnfhtb d
rfxtcndt bcnjxzbrf gbnfzby jcwbkkjuhfaf
ztj]üjlbvj pfptvkbnm dsdjl zf pflztq gfztkb.
Ljg. cdtltzby cv. d Herjdjlcndt gjkmpjdfntky.

Ghb drk[xtzbb ]fnfhtqzjuj gbnfzby zf ärhfzt
gjydkytncy cjj]otzbt j ztj]üjlbvjcnb pfptvktzby
hfpßtvf zf pflztq gfztkb ghb]jhf.

}fnfhty fdnjvfnbxtcrb pfhyöftncy, tckb jcwbkkjuhfa

gjlrk[xtz r ctnb gbnfzby gthtvtzzjuj njrf. Zf ärhfzt
jnj]hföftncy pzfxjr gjlrk[xtzby gbnfzby (

) b

]fnfhtb (

), gjrfpsdf[obq ehjdtzm tt pfhylrb.

Rhjvt njuj, ]fnfhty vjötn ]snm pfhyötzf jn dztiztuj
pfhylzjuj ecnhjqcndf (TDS3CHG).

3

Aezrwbb Htöbv"

Aezrwby Htöbv j]ktuxftn hf]jne c jcwbkkjuhfajv.
Ghb zföfnbb rzjgrb QUICKMENU zf ärhfzt
jnj]hföftncy zf]jh zfb]jktt xfcnj bcgjkmpetvsü
aezrwbq vtz[.

Jlzbv bp nbgjd vtz[ Htöbv ydkytncy Scope - vtz[
jcwbkkjuhfaf, gjpdjky[ott eghfdkynm tuj jczjdzsvb
aezrwbyvb. Vzjubt pflfxb vjuen ]snm dsgjkztzs ]tp
bcgjkmpjdfzby cnfzlfhnzsü vtz[.

Rzjgrb vtz[

123

MEASURE SAVE/RECALL QUICKMENU

UTILITYDISPLAYCURSOR

654

1. MEASURE (bpvthtzbt). Fdnjvfnbxtcrbt bpvthtzby

ajhv cbuzfkf.

2. SAVE/RECALL (cjüh./dspjd). Cjühfztzbt b dspjd

zfcnhjtr b ajhv cbuzfkjd bp gfvynb bkb c lbcrtns.
Vtz[ nfröt cjlthöbn gezrn, gjpdjky[obq
djccnfzjdbnm pfdjlcrbt lfzzst zfcnhjqrb.

3. QUICKMENU (ptöbv). Drk[xtzbt htöbvjd,

zfghbvth, dcnhjtzzjuj vtz[ ecrjhtzzsü htöbvjd
jcwbkkjuhfaf.

4. UTILITY (ckeöt]zfy ghjuhfvvf). Zfcnhjqrf

cbcntvzsü cthdbczsü chtlcnd.

5. DISPLAY (ärhfz). Bpvtztzbt jnj]hfötzby ajhv

cbuzfkjd b dblf ärhfzf.

6. CURSOR (rehcjh). Drk[xtzbt rehcjhjd.

2

5

Vtz[ htubcnhfwbb lfzzsü

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

Ds]jhrf Bcgjkmpetncy ghb j]sxzjq

htubcnhfwbb lfzzsü.

J]zfheö.
gbrf

Dsydkytn c]jb b evtzmiftn
djpvjözst bcrfötzby.

Jub]f[o. N Htubcnhbhetn bpvtztzby

cbuzfkf pf gthbjl dhtvtzb.
(Pflfqnt N c gjvjom[
htuekynjhf j]otuj
zfpzfxtzby.)

Chtlztt N Evtzmiftn gjcnjhjzzbt

ievs d cbuzfkt. (Pflfqnt N
c gjvjom[ htuekynjhf
j]otuj zfpzfxtzby.)

}scnh. pfg.
(500 njxtr)

Htubcnhbhetn 500Ćnjxtxzst
ajhvs cbuzfkf c dscjrjq
crjhjcnm[ gjdnjhf.

J]sxzjt
(10 nsc.
njxtr)

Htubcnhbhetn ajhvs
cbuzfkf d 10 nsc. njxtr cj
ckjözjq cnhernehjq gj
ujhbpjznfkb

C]hjc ujh.
pflthörb

Ecn. zf 0 c Ecnfzfdkbdftn zektde[

pflthöre gj ujhbpjznfkb.

J]sxzfy
fdnjecn.

Ghjwtlehf fdnjecnfzjdrb.
Ljgjkzbntkmzst vjlekb
vjuen lj]fdkynm
cgtwbfkmzst aezrwbb.

Jnvtzf
fdnjecn.

Djpdhfoftn gfhfvtnhs r
ghtlsleobv pzfxtzbyv.

Lky bcgjkmpjdfzby vtz[ Htöbv cktletn dsgjkzbnm
cktle[obt ltqcndby.

1. Zf gthtlztq gfztkb zfövbnt rzjgre QUICKMENU.

2. Zfövbnt rzjgre, cjjndtncnde[oe[ zeözjve

htuekynjhe. Lky ds]jhf zeözjuj pzfxtzby
gfhfvtnhf cktletn zföfnm zf rzjgre ztcrjkmrj hfp
gjlhyl. Zt]jkmijq pzfxjr cj cnhtkrjq erfpsdftn zf
nj, xnj bvt[ncy ljgjkzbntkmzst zfcnhjqrb, zt
jnj]hfötzzst zf ärhfzt.

Dj dhtvy hf]jns c vtz[ Htöbv djpvjözj
jlzjdhtvtzzjt bcgjkmpjdfzbt ]jkmibzcndf
htuekynjhjd gthtlztq gfztkb. Zfghbvth, tckb zföfnm
rzjgre ds]jhf lheujuj rfzfkf, d vtz[ Htöbv
jnj]hfpyncy zfcnhjqrb dzjdm ds]hfzzjuj rfzfkf.

Nfröt djpvjözj bcgjkmpjdfzbt cnfzlfhnzsü vtz[.
Zfghbvth, tckb zföfnm rzjgre MEASURE, vjözj
zfcnhjbnm b ghjbpdtcnb fdnjvfnbxtcrbt bpvthtzby
ajhvs cbuzfkf j]sxzsv cgjcj]jv. Ghb djpdhfotzbb
d vtz[ Htöbv htpekmnfns bpvthtzbq gj ghtöztve
jnj]hföf[ncy zf ärhfzt.

D jcwbkkjuhfat vjuen ]snm ecnfzjdktzs
ljgjkzbntkmzst vjlekb, rfölsq cj cdjbv vtz[
Htöbv. Lky ds]jhf zeözjuj vtz[ Htöbv cktletn
zföfnm rzjgre MENU zf ärhfzt. Lfzzsq gezrn vtz[
jnj]hföftncy njkmrj d njv ckexft, tckb ecnfzjdktzs
ljgjkzbntkmzst vjlekb, bvt[obt vtz[ Htöbv.

Htöbv

Hfphtitzbt
gj ujhbpjzĆ
nfkb

Fdnjecn.

4

e

7

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Ctr (c)/
1/ctr (Uw)

Ecnfzfdkbdftn tlbzbws
bpvthtzby gj ujhbpjznfkb d
ctrezls bkb d uthws
(xfcnjnf).

RjäaabĆ
wbtzn (%)

Ecnfzfdkbdftn tlbzbws
bpvthtzby DĆrehcjhjd d
ghjwtznfü.

Afpf
(uhflecs)

Ecnfzfdkbdftn tlbzbws
bpvthtzby DĆrehcjhjd d
uhflecfü.

BcgjkmpjĆ
dfzbt gjĆ
kjötzby
rehcjhf
d %/°

Ecnfzfdkbdftn irfke
bpvthtzbq DĆrehcjhjd
nfrbv j]hfpjv, xnj 0% bkb
0° ydky[ncy ntreotq
gjpbwbtq DĆrehcjhf cktdf,
f 100% bkb 360° ydky[ncy
ntreotq gjpbwbtq
DĆrehcjhf cghfdf.

BcgjkmpjĆ
dfzbt 5 ltk.
d %/°

Ecnfzfdkbdftn irfke
bpvthtzbq DĆrehcjhjd
nfrbv j]hfpjv, xnj 5 jcĆ
zjdzsü ltktzbq ärhfzf
cjcnfdky[n 100% bkb 360°,
ult 0% bkb 0° hfdzs -2,5
ltk., f 100% bkb 360°
hfdzs +2,5 ltk. jn wtznhf
rjjhlbzfnzjq ctnrb.

Vtz[ rehcjhf

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Aezrwby Dsrk. Dsrk[xftn rehcjhs

Htöbv ZtpfdbcbĆ

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

HĆrehcjhs Bcgjkmpetncy lky

VĆrehcjhs Bcgjkmpe[ncy lky

Abrcbhjd.
rehcjh d
wtzn. ärhfzf

AbrcbhjĆ
dfnm j]f
rehcjhf
zf ärhfzt

vsq
JncktöbĆ

dfzby

Jgbcfzbt

bpvthtzbq gj dthnbrfkb.

bpvthtzbq rfr gj
dthnbrfkb, nfr b gj
ujhbpjznfkb.

Gthtvtoftn frnbdzsq
rehcjh d wtznh ärhfzf.

Gthtvtoftn dct rehcjhs,
zfüjlyobtcy pf ghtltkfvb
ärhfzf, d tuj dblbve[
j]kfcnm.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn rehcjhs lky
ztpfdbcbvsü gthtvtotzbq.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn rehcjhs lky
cgfhtzzsü gthtvtotzbq
ghb ds]jht rehcjhf 1.

Tlbzbws
bpv. DĆrehĆ
cjhjd

6

9

Vtz[ ärhfzf

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

Njkmrj njxrb Drk[xbnm lky jnj]hfötzby

njkmrj njxtr. Dsrk[xbnm lky
jnj]hfötzby njxtr b
cjtlbzy[obü bü kbzbq.

Dhtvy
gjcktcdtx.

Ecnfzjdrf dhtvtzb
gjcktcdtxtzby.

Ecn. d vbz. Ecnfzjdrf zektdjuj dhtvtzb

gjcktcdtxtzby.

Dsrk[xbnm
gjcktcdtx.

Jnrk[xftncy bvt[ottcy
gjcktcdtxtzbt.

Dscjrfy Bcgjkmpetncy lky hf]jns ghb

yhrjv jcdtotzbb.

Chtlzyy Bcgjkmpetncy lky hf]jns ghb

ckf]jv jcdtotzbb.

Zbözbq
ehjdtzm

Bcgjkmpetncy lky ghjlktzby
dhtvtzb hf]jns jn ]fnfhtb.

Rjjhlbzfn
z. ctnrf

Gjkzfy,
ctnrf, gtĆ
htrhtcnmt,
rflh

Ds]jh nbgf rjjhlbzfnzjq
ctnrb.

Gthtvtotzbt rehcjhf. Gjkjötzbt frnbdzjuj rehcjhf

ecnfzfdkbdftncy htuekynjhjv j]otuj zfpzfxtzby. Lky
ds]jhf frnbdzjuj rehcjhf zfövbnt rzjgre DS}JH.

}scnhjt gthtvtotzbt rehcjhf. Zfövbnt rzjgre

UHE}J lky ecnfzjdrb htuekynjhf j]otuj zfpzfxtzby zf
ecrjhtzzjt gthtvtotzbt rehcjhf.

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Tlbzbws
bpv. UĆrehĆ
cjhjd

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Jczjdfzbt Ecnfzfdkbdftn tlbzbws

RjäaabĆ
wbtzn (%)

BcgjkmpjĆ
dfzbt gjĆ
kjötzby
rehcjhf
rfr 100%

BcgjkmpjĆ
dfzbt 5 ltk.
rfr 100%

Jgbcfzbt

bpvthtzby UĆrehcjhjd
fzfkjubxzst tlbzbwfv
bpvthtzby gj dthnbrfkb
ds]hfzzsü cbuzfkjd
(djkmns, IRE, l} b n.l.).

Ecnfzfdkbdftn tlbzbws
bpvthtzby UĆrehcjhjd d
ghjwtznfü.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn irfke
bpvthtzbq UĆrehcjhjd
nfrbv j]hfpjv, xnj 0%
ydkytncy zböztq ntreotq
gjpbwbtq UĆrehcjhf, f 100%
tuj dthüztq ntreotq
gjpbwbtq.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn irfke
bpvthtzbq UĆrehcjhjd
nfrbv j]hfpjv, xnj 5
jczjdzsü ltktzbq ärhfzf
hfdzs 100%, ult 0%
cjcnfdkytn -2,5 ltk., f
100% cjcnfdkytn +2,5 ltk.
jn wtznhf rjjhlbzfnzjq
ctnrb.

Jnj]hfötĆ
zbt
cbuzfkf

Yhrjcnm
gjlcdtnrb

8

11

Cbzühjzbpfwby ldeürjjhlbzfnzsü ajhv cbuzfkjd.

Ldeürjjhlbzfnzst ajhvs cbuzfkf cbzühjzbpbhjdfzs
nfrbv j]hfpjv, xnj djpvjözf bü cbzühjzbpfwby gj
gthbjlbxtcrbv düjlzsv cbuzfkfv. Lfzzfy aezrwby gjĆ
ktpzf d njv ckexft, tckb nht]etvfy bzajhvfwby cjlthĆ
öbncy njkmrj d jlzjq xfcnb gthbjlf. Vfcinf] dhtvtzb b
gjkjötzbt pfgecrf ecnfzfdkbdf[ncy d cjjndtncndbb c
änjq xfcnm[ gthbjlf.

Tckb nht]etncy ghjcvjnhtnm gjkzsq gthbjl cbuzfkjd
ztpfdbcbvj jn pzfxtzby vfcinf]f dhtvtzb, d rfxtcndt
bcnjxzbrf pfgecrf cktletn ecnfzjdbnm ztbcgjkmpetvsq
rfzfk, f htöbv pfgecrf - Fdnj.

Cnhj]bhjdfzbt gj XYZ. Jnj]hföftn ldeürjjhlbzfnzst

cbuzfks njkmrj ghb gthtüjlt rfzfkf Z d kjubxtcrjt
cjcnjyzbt TRUE. Cnhj]bhjdfzzsq XYZ gjlj]tz htöbĆ
ve XYZ, vjlekbhetvjve fzfkjujdsv jcwbkkjuhfajv.
Jnkbxbt

pfrk[xftncy d njv, xnj jnj]hföftvsq cbuzfk

XY kb]j drk[xtz, kb]j dsrk[xtz. Jncencndetn nfröt
vjlekywby gj yhrjcnb.

Gjhjujdsq ehjdtzm rfzfkf Z ecnfzfdkbdftncy c gjvjĆ
om[ htuekynjhf j]otuj zfpzfxtzby.

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Dsdjl XY

Wdtnjdfy J]sxzfy Ds]jh wdtnjdjq gfkbnhs.
gfkbnhf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Dsrk. (YT) Jnrk[xftn dsdjl gj XY

Pfgecr
gj XY

Cnhj]bhjĆ
dfzzsq XYZ

K1 (X)

d pfdbc. jn

Jg.1 (X)
d pfdbc. jn

Cnhj]bhjd.
gj

Vjzjühjv. Jnj]hföftn dct ajhvs

Jgbcfzbt

Drk[xftn htöbv dsdjlf gj

XY.

Jnj]hföftn cbuzfks XY,
rjulf cbuzfk rfzfkf Z zfĆ
üjlbncy dsit ecnfzjdktzĆ
zjuj ehjdzy. Ljcnegtz njkmrj
d vjltkyü c 4 rfzfkfvb.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn jnj]hfötĆ
zbt K2, K3 bkb K4 gj jcb Y
jnzjcbntkmzj rfzfkf 1,
jnj]hföftvjuj gj jcb X.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn jnj]hfötĆ
zbt jgjhzjuj cbuzfkf 2, 3 bkb
4 gj jcb Y jnzjcbntkmzj
jgjhzjuj cbuzfkf 1, jnj]Ć
hföftvjuj gj jcb X.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn K2, K3 bkb K4 d
rfxtcndt bcnjxzbrf rfzfkf Z
(cnhj]bhjd.) b jnvtxftn
gjhjujdsq ehjdtzm rfzfkf.

cbuzfkf d dscjrjrjznĆ
hfcnzjv xthzjĆ]tkjv dblt.

Ajhvfn XY. Lky ldeürjjhlbzfnzsü ajhv cbuzfkf gj

ujhbpjznfkmzjq jcb jnj]hföftncy cbuzfk rfzfkf 1 bkb jgjhzsq
cbuzfk 1. Lky zfcnhjqrb gjkjötzby b hfpvthf ldeürjjhlbzfnzjq
ajhvs cbuzfkf gj ujhbpjznfkb bcĆ gjkmpe[ncy htuekynjhs
dthnbrfkmzjuj gjkjötzby b vfcinf]f.

Lheujq rfzfk bkb jgjhzsq cbuzfk jnj]hföftncy gj dthĆ
nbrfkmzjq jcb. Lky zfcnhjqrb gjkjötzby b hfpvthf
ldeürjjhlbzfnzjq ajhvs cbuzfkf gj dthnbrfkb bcgjkmĆ pe[ncy
htuekynjhs dthnbrfkmzjuj gjkjötzby b vfcĆ inf]f lky lfzzjuj
rfzfkf.

10

13

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Abrcbhjd.
rehcjh
d wtznht
ärhfzf

Gthtvtoftn frnbdzsq
rehcjh d wtznh ärhfzf.

Abrcbhjdfnm
j]f rehcjhf
zf ärhfzt

Gthtvtoftn dct rehcjhs,
zfüjlyobtcy pf ghtltkfvb
ärhfzf, d tuj dblbve[
j]kfcnm.

Fdnjds]jh Fdnjvfnbxtcrb bcgjkmpetncy

zfbkexibq vtnjl bpvthtzbq
d cjjndtncndbb c nbgjv
bpvthtzby.

Ubcnjuh. Bcgjkmpetncy ghb

bpvthtzbb bvgekmcjd.

Vbz-Vfrc Bcgjkmpetncy ghb

bpvthtzbb lheubü ajhv
cbuzfkf.

Ecn. ehjdzb
zf % bkb tl.

Bcgjkmpetncy lky ds]jhf
cgtwbfkmzsü jgjhzsü
ehjdztq d jnzjcbntkmzsü
bkb f]cjk[nzsü tlbzbwfü.

Dscjrbq Ecnfzfdkbdftn cgtwbfkmzsq

dscjrbq jgjhzsq ehjdtzm.

Chtlzbq Ecnfzfdkbdftn cgtwbfkmzsq

chtlzbq jgjhzsq ehjdtzm.

Zbprbq Ecnfzfdkbdftn cgtwbfkmzsq

zbprbq jgjhzsq ehjdtzm.

Ecn. gj
evjkxfzb[

Ecnfzfdkbdftn jgjhzst
ehjdzb d pzfxtzby gj
evjkxfzb[.

Vtz[ bpvthtzbq

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Ds]jh
bpvthtzby

Elfktzbt
bpvthtzby

Cnhj]bhjd.

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Bpvthtzbt 1
Bpvthtzbt 2
Bpvthtzbt 3
Bpvthtzbt 4

Dct
bpvthtzby

Dsrk. Bcgjkmpetncy lky

Ärhfz Bcgjkmpetncy lky

Rehcjhs Bcgjkmpetncy lky

Jgbcfzbt

Ds]jh jlzjuj bp 21
htöbvjd fdnjvfnbxtcrjuj
bpvthtzby lky lfzzjuj
rfzfkf.

Elfktzbt ds]hfzzjuj
bpvthtzby.

Elfktzbt dctü bpvthtzbq.

ghjdtltzby bpvthtzbq gj
dctq pfgbcb ajhvs
cbuzfkf.

ghjdtltzby bpvthtzbq gj
xfcnb pfgbcb ajhvs
cbuzfkf, rjnjhfy
jnj]hföftncy zf ärhfzt.

ghjdtltzby bpvthtzbq gj
xfcnb pfgbcb ajhvs
cbuzfkf, juhfzbxtzzjq
DĆrehcjhfvb.

Cnhj]bhjd.

Zfcnhjqrf
lbfgfpjzf

Jgjhzst
ehjdzb

12

15

Vtz[ eghfdktzby afqkfvb

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

Elfkbnm Elfkytn afqk.

afq

Gthtbvtzjd. Ghbcdjtzbt afqke bvtzb

bkb tuj gthtbvtzjdfzbt.

Rjgbhjdfnm Rjgbhetn afqk d lheujq

rfnfkju.

Gtxfnm Gtxfnftn afqk zf ghbzntht,

gjlrk[xtzzjv r jlzjve bp
gjhnjd.

Cjplfnm
rfnfkju

Cjplftn zjdsq rfnfkju.

Gjlndthl.
elfktzbt

Drk[xftn bkb jnrk[xftn
dsdjl lbfkjujdjuj jrzf, d
rjnjhjv vjözj gjlndthlbnm
bkb jnvtzbnm elfktzbt
afqkf.

}kjrbhjdrf
gthtpfgbcb

Drk[xftn bkb jnrk[xftn
pfobne afqkjd jn
gthtpfgbcb.

Ajhvfn Ajhvfnbhetn lbcr (elfkytn

dct afqks).

Vtnrb Cjplftn/htlfrnbhetn vtnrb lky jgjhzsü

cbuzfkjd b fggfhfnzsü zfcnhjtr, rjnjhst
ühfzyncy d äzthujztpfdbcbvjq gfvynb.

Vtz[ cjühfztzby/dspjdf

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Cjüh.
ntreo.
zfcnhjqrb

Dspjd
cjühfz.
zfcnhjqrb

Dspjd
af]h.
ecnfzjdjr

Cjüh.
ajhvs
cbuzfkf

Dspjd
jcwbk. bp
j]k pfg

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

D afqk Cjühfzytn gfhfvtnhs

Zfcnhjqrf 1
...
Zfcnhjqrf 10

Bp afqkf Pfuheöftn gfhfvtnhs

Dspjd zfcnh. 1
...
Dspjd zfcnh. 10

OK

Gjlndthöltz.

D afqk Gjpdjkytn ds]hfnm

D Jg1
...
D Jg4

Bp afqkf
D Jg1
...
D Jg4

Jgbcfzbt

zfcnhjqrb zf lbcr.

Cjühfzytn gfhfvtnhs
zfcnhjqrb d jgthfnbdze[
gfvynm.

zfcnhjqrb c lbcrf.

Pfuheöftn gfhfvtnhs
zfcnhjqrb bp jgthfnbdzjq
gfvynb.

Djccnfzfdkbdftn
bpdtcnzst zfcnhjqrb.

ajhvfn afqkf:
dzenhtzzbq, äktrnhjzzfy
nf]kbwf bkb Mathcad.
Cjühfzytn ds]hfzze[
ajhve cbuzfkf zf lbcr.

Cjühfzytn ds]hfzze[
ajhve cbuzfkf d
jgthfnbdze[ gfvynm.

Pfuheöftn ajhve cbuzfkf
c lbcrf b jnj]hföftn tt
rfr jgjhze[.

Eghfdktz.

kfvb

14

17

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

/ (zfhfcn.
ahjzn)

Pfgecr gj zfhfcnf[otve
ahjzne cbuzfkf.

\ (zbcg. ahjzn) Pfgecr gj zbcgflf[otve

ahjzne cbuzfkf.

Ehjdtzm Bcgjkmpetncy lky

ecnfzjdrb ehjdzy pfgecrf
c gjvjom[ htuekynjhf
j]otuj zfpzfxtzby.

TTLĆehjdtzm Ecnfzfdkbdftn pzfxtzbt

ehjdzy pfgecrf +1,4 D lky
cütv c TTL.

ECLĆehjdtzm Ecnfzfdkbdftn pzfxtzbt

ehjdzy pfgecrf -1,3 D lky
cütv c ECL.

Ehjdtzm 50% Ecnfzfdkbdftn pzfxtzbt

ehjdzy pfgecrf zf ehjdzt
gjkjdbzs fvgkbnels
cbuzfkf.

Fdnjvfnbx.
(hfpdthnrf
]tp fzfkbpf
cbzühjcbuz.)

Gjpdjkytn ghjbpdtcnb
htubcnhfwb[ d cdj]jlzjv
htöbvt b d htöbvt
ghjrhenrb.

Zjhvfkmzsq Pfgecr ghjbpdjlbncy

njkmrj gj ljgecnbvsv
cj]snbyv pfgecrf.

Pflthörf
(dhtvy)

Ecnfzfdkbdftn
jghtltktzzjt dhtvtzzjt
pzfxtzbt.

Pflthörf
(% jn pfgbcb)

Ecnfzfdkbdftn pzfxtzbt
dslthörb d ghjwtznfü jn
gthbjlf pfgbcb.

Ecn. d vbz. Ecnfzfdkbdftn

vbzbvfkmzjt pzfxtzbt
dslthörb.

e

Vtz[ pfgecrf

Vtz[ pfgecrf gj ahjzne

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Bcnjxzbr

Cdypm

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

R1
...
R4

Kbzby AC D rfxtcndt bcnjxzbrf

Dztizbq

Dztiz/10

Dthn. D rfxtcndt bcnjxzbrf

Gjcn. njr Ds]bhftn cdypm gj

Gjlfdk. DX Gjlfdkytn cjcnfdky[obt

Gjlfdk. ZX Gjlfdkytn cjcnfdky[obt

Gjlfdk. ievf Cdypm gj gjcnjyzzjve

Jgbcfzbt

Ecnfzfdkbdftn ds]hfzzsq
rfzfk d rfxtcndt
bcnjxzbrf pfgecrf.

pfgecrf bcgjkmpetncy
kbzby gthtvtzzjuj njrf
(njkmrj ghb gbnfzbb jn
ctnb gthtvtzzjuj njrf).

Ds]bhftn dztizbq
bcnjxzbr pfgecrf lky
ldeürfzfkmzsü
jcwbkkjuhfajd.

pfgecrf zf ärhfzt
ds]bhftncy frnbdzsq
rfzfk c zfbvtzmibv
zjvthjv.

gjcnjyzzjve njre.

c xfcnjnjq dsit 30 rUw d
cbuzfkt pfgecrf.

c xfcnjnjq zböt 80 Uw d
cbuzfkt pfgecrf.

njre c zbprjq
xedcndbntkmzjcnm[ lky
gjlfdktzby gjvtü d
cbuzfkt pfgecrf.

Rhenbpzf

Ehjdtzm

Htöbv b
pflthörf

16

xtnzjve gjk[ ghb

19

Vtz[ pfgecrf D

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

Dhtvy
pfgecrf B
gjckt A

Ecnfzfdkbdftn jcwbkkjuhfa
zf pfgecr gj cktle[otve
cj]snb[ B, rjnjhjt
ghjbcüjlbn xthtp
jghtltktzzsq gthbjl
dhtvtzb gjckt pfĆ
gecrf A. Lky ecnfzjdrb gtĆ
hbjlf bcgjkmpetncy htuekyĆ
njh j]otuj zfpzfxtzby.

Ecnfzjdrf
dhtvtzb
pflthörb

(B³▼), pfntv
ecnfzjdrf
(B³▼) d 0.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn dhtvy
pfgecrf B gjckt A d
pzfxtzbt gj ujhbpjznfkb

B³▼, pfntv ecnfzfdkbdftn
B³▼

d zjkm ctrezl. B³▼

dhtvy pflthörb jn njxrb
pfgecrf B lj njxrb hfcibĆ
htzby (wtznh ärhfzf).

Ecnfzjdrf
d vbz.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn pzfxtzbt
dhtvtzb pfgecrf B gjckt
A hfdzsv 26,4 zc.

Cj]snby B Ecnfzfdkbdftn jcwbkkjuhfa

zf pfgecr gj NĆzjve cj]sĆ
nb[ pfgecrf B gjckt pfgecĆ
rf A. Zjvth cj]snby pflftĆ
ncy c gjvjom[ htuekynjhf
j]otuj zfpzfxtzby.

Ecnfzjdrf
d vbz.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn gjlcxtn
cj]snbq B d pzfxtzbt 1.

Vtz[ pfgecrf jn dbltjcbuzfkf

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Rkfcc

Bcnjxzbr Ds]bhftn bcnjxzbr

Pfgecr gj

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

525/NTSC Pfgecr jn cbuzfkf NTSC.
625/PAL Pfgecr jn cbuzfkf PAL.
SECAM Pfgecr jn cbuzfkf SECAM.

Ztxtnz.

Xtnz.

Dct gjky Pfgecr gj k[]jve gjk[

Dct cnh. Pfgecr gj dctv cnhjrfv.

Jgbcfzbt

pfgecrf. Jgbcfzbt lfzzsü
gezrnjd vtz[ cjlthöfncy
d jgbcfzbb Vtz[ pfgecrf
gj ahjzne.

Pfgecr gj ztxtnzjve bkb

xthtccnhjxzjq hfpdthnrt.

ghb xthtccnhjxzjq bkb
gjcnhjxzjq hfpdthnrt.

Pfgecr B
gjckt A

18

21

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Dsdjl lfns b
dhtvtzb

Drk[xtzbt bkb jnrk[xtzbt
dsdjlf lfns b dhtvtzb zf
ärhfz.

Xfc Vbz Ecnfzjdrf dzenhtzzbü

xfcjd zf ntreott dhtvy.

Vtcyw Ltzm Ecnfzjdrf xbckf b vtcywf

zf dzenhtzzbü xfcfü.

Ujl Ecnfzjdrf ujlf zf

dzenhtzzbü xfcfü.

Ddjl lfns b
dhtvtzb

Ecnfzjdrf lfns b dhtvtzb
zf dzenhtzzbü xfcfü.

Dhtvy lj
dsrk. gbnfz.

Ecnfzjdrf pflthörb, gj
bcntxtzbb rjnjhjq gbnfzbt
fdnjvfnbxtcrb
jnrk[xftncy.

Dhtvy lj
dsrk. gjlcd.

Ecnfzjdrf pflthörb, gj
bcntxtzbb rjnjhjq
gjlcdtnrf fdnjvfnbxtcrb
jnrk[xftncy.

TekSecureĆ
jxbcn.
gfvyn.

Cnbhftn dct ajhvs
cbuzfkjd b zfcnhjqrb bp
gfvynb.

Dthcby Bcgjkmpetncy lky

ghjcvjnhf dthcbb
ghjuhfvvzjuj
j]tcgtxtzby.

pfgecrf

Lf

t

lth

vtz[ cjlthöfncy d

h

h

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Bcnjxzbr

Cdypm

Rhenbpzf

Ehjdtzm

Vtz[ cthdbcf

Vtz[ cbcntvzjq rjzabuehfwbb

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Ypsr

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Fzukbqcrbq

Ahfzwepcrbq

Ztvtwrbq

Bnfkmyzcrbq

Bcgfzcrbq

Gjhneufkmcr.

Heccrbq

Ygjzcrbq

Rjhtqcrbq

Rbnfqcrbq
eghjotzzsq

Rbnfqcrbq
nhflbwbjzz.

Jgbcfzbt

Pflftncy bcnjxzbr, cdypm,
rhenbpzf b ehjdtzm lky

B.

zfcnhjqrb ghjbpdjlyncy
ztpfdbcbvj jn fzfkjubxzsü
zfcnhjtr pfgecrf A.
Jgbcfzbt lfzzsü gezrnjd
vtz[ cj
jgbcfzbb Vtz[ pfgecrf
gj ahjzne.

Jgbcfzbt

Ds]jh ypsrf. }jkmibzcndj
cjj]otzbq zf ärhfzt
gjydkytncy zf ds]
ypsrt.

zzs

öfncy d

fzzjv

Ecnfzjdrf
lfns b dhtv.

}fnfhty
Fdn. jnrk[x.

20

23

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Bpvtztzbt
zfcnhjtr
ghb]jhf

DHCP/
BOOTP

Ghjwtlehs ecnfzjdrb änbü

Jnkflrf Drk[xftn b jnrk[xftn jrzj

cjj]otzbq, xnj gjvjuftn
jncktlbnm ghj]ktvs,
cdypfzzst c Ethernet.

Lj]fdbnm
ghbznth

h

njkmrj

GthtbvtzjĆ
dfnm ghbznth

ghbznthjd lky jcwbkkj

Elfkbnm
ghbznth

e

Gjlndthl.
elfktzbt

Drk[xtzbt b jnrk[xtzbt
cjj]otzby c pfghjcjv
gjlndthöltzby zf elfktzbt
ghbznthf gthtl tuj
elfktzbtv bp cgbcrf
jcwbkkjuhfaf.

Vtz[ ddjlf/dsdjlf

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

GPIB

RS-232

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Flhtc

Talk/Listen

Nd. rjgby
(njkmrj Talk)

Fdnjzjvzj Jnrk[xftn gjhn GPIB.

Jnkflrf Drk[xftn b jnrk[xftn jrzj

Crjhjcnm
(]jl)

Cbuzfkbpfw. Bcgjkmpetncy lky

Rjztw
cnhjrb

Jnkflrf Drk[xftn b jnrk[xftn

Ecnfzjdbnm
lky gfhfv.
RS-232 pz. gj
evjkxfz.

Jgbcfzbt

Ecnfzfdkbdftn flhtc GPIB.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn gjhn GPIB d
htöbv njkmrj Talk lky
gtxfnb.

cjj]otzbq, xnj gjvjuftn
jncktlbnm ghj]ktvs,
cdypfzzst c gjhnjv GPIB.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn crjhjcnm d
ghtltkfü jn 1200 lj
38400 ]jl.

drk[xtzby fggfhfnzjq (RTS/
CTS) cbuzfkbpfwbb, f nfröt
lky tt jnrk[xtzby.

Ds]bhftn nthvbzfnjh rjzwf
cnhjrb.

jnj]hfötzbt jrzf
cjj]otzbq, ckeöfotuj lky
jnkflrb hf]jns gjhnf

RS-232.

Ecnfzfdkbdftn crjhjcnm
9600 ]jl, drk[xftn
fggfhfnze[ cbuzfkbpfwb[ b
nthvbzfnjh rjzwf cnhjrb LF.

Ctntdst
zfcnhjqrb

Ethernet

(njkmrj

TDS3EM)

Zfcnhjqrb
ghbznthf

Ethernet

(njkmrj

TDS3EM)

Jnj]hföftn cgbcjr gjktq, d
rjnjhsü ecnfzfdkbdf[ncy
gfhfvtnhs Ethernet lky
jcwbkkjuhfaf, nfrbt rfr
flhtc, zfpdfzbt ghb]jhf,
bvy ljvtzf b n.l.

gjktq cv. d Herjdjlcndt gj

ghjuhfvvbhjdfzb[ lky
wbahjdsü k[vbzjajhzsü
jcwbkkjuhfajd cthbb
TDS3000.

Lj]fdkytn, gthtbvtzjdsĆ
dftn bkb elfkytn ctntdjq
ghbznth Ethernet bp cgbcrf

bznthjd lky jcwbkkjĆ(

g
uhfaf. Ghjwtlehs ecnfzjdĆ
rb änbü gjktq cv. d TDS3000

Digital Phosphor Oscilloscope Pro­grammer Manual (Herjdjlcndj

gj ghjuhfvvbhjdfzb[ lky
wbahjdsü k[vbzjajhzsü
jcwbkkjuhfajd cthbb
TDS3000).

22

25

Vtz[ rfkb]hjdrb

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

Rfkb]hjdrf

Cbuzfkmzsq
nhfrn

Ghjbpdjlbn rjvgtzcfwb[
cbuzfkmzjuj nhfrnf lky
j]tcgtxtzby zfbdscitq
njxzjcnb bpvthtzbq.

Pfdjlcrfy
rfkb]hjdrf

Bcgjkmpetncy lky
rfkb]hjdrb jcwbkkjuhfaf.
Chtlcndj njkmrj lky
ntüzbxtcrjuj
j]ckeöbdfzby.

Edtljvbnm
gjckt N xfcjd
ärcgkefnfwbb

Ecnfzfdkbdftn rjkbxtcndj
xfcjd ärcgkefnfwbb lj
gjydktzby cjj]otzby j
ztj]üjlbvjcnb
rfkb]hjdrb.

Edtljvbnm gj
bcntxtzbb N
ktn

Ecnfzfdkbdftn rjkbxtcndj
ktn ärcgkefnfwbb lj
gjydktzby cjj]otzby j
ztj]üjlbvjcnb
rfkb]hjdrb.

Rjvgtzcfwby cbuzfkmzjuj nhfrnf. Ghjwtlehf rjvgtzcfĆ

wbb cbuzfkmzjuj nhfrnf vjötn ]snm dsgjkztzf d k[]jq
vjvtzn. Jlzfrj ghb bpvtztzbb ntvgthfnehs gjvtotĆ
zby ]jktt xtv zf 10° C tt dsgjkztzbt j]ypfntkmzj.

Vtz[ zfcnhjqrb gfhfvtnhjd gtxfnb

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Ajhvfn Ds]bhftn zeözsq ajhvfn

Jgwbb

Är. xthz.

Gjhn

Jxbcnrf
jxthtlb zf
gtxfnm

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Gjhnhtnzfy Ghb gtxfnb bcgjkmpetncy

Fkm]jvzfy Ghb gtxfnb bcgjkmpetncy

Cöfnbt Drk[xtzbt b jnrk[xtzbt

Dsrk. Gtxfnf[ncy jnj]hföftvst

Drk. Wdtnf gtxfnb

Ghjcvjnh Zf ärhfzt jnj]hföftncy

Centronics Bcgjkmpetncy gfhfkktkmzsq

GPIB Bcgjkmpetncy gjhn GPIB.
RS-232 Bcgjkmpetncy gjhn RS-232.

Afqk Gtxfnm ghjbpdjlbncy d

Ethernet Bcgjkmpetncy gjhn Ethernet.

Jgbcfzbt

gtxfnb lky lfzzjuj
ghbznthf.

gjhnhtnzfy jhbtznfwby.

fkm]jvzfy jhbtznfwby.

cöfnjuj ajhvfnf cfvjhfcĆ
rhsdf[otujcy afqkf
gtxfnzjq rjgbb.

zf ärhfzt wdtnf.

jgnbvbpbhe[ncy lky ]tkjq
]evfub.

dbl ]eleotuj gtxfnzjuj
kbcnf.

gjhn ghbznthf.

afqk zf ub]rbq lbcr.

Ghthsdftn ghjwtcc gtxfnb.
Ghjbpdjlbn jxbcnre
jxthtlb pflfzbq zf gtxfnm.

Eghfdktzbt
chjrjv
rfkb]hjdrb

24

27

Vtz[ jnj]hfötzby gj dthnbrfkb

Vtz[ rfzfkf

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

Gjcn. njr Ecnfzfdkbdftn zf düjlt

cdypm gj gjcnjyzzjve njre.

Gthtv. njr Ecnfzfdkbdftn zf düjlt

cdypm gj gthtvtzzjve njre.

Pfrjhjxtz. J]tcgtxbdftn jgjhzsq

cbuzfk d 0 D. Düjlzjq
hfpßtv BNC jncjtlbzytncy
jn dzenhtzzbü wtgtq.

Jv Ecnfzfdkbdftn düjlzjt

cjghjnbdktzbt zf 50 Jv bkb
1 VJv.

Bzdthcby
dsrk.

Bcgjkmpetncy d zjhvfkmzjv
htöbvt.

Bzdthcby
drk.

Bzdthnbhetn gjkyhzjcnm
cbuzfkf zf ärhfzt.

Gjkz.
gjkjcf
ghjgecrfzby

Ecnfzfdkbdftn gjkjce
ghjgecrfzby jcwbkkjuhfaf
zf vfrcbvfkmzjt pzfxtzbt.

150 VUw Ecnfzfdkbdftn gjkjce

ghjgecrfzby zf 150 VUw
(ztljcnegzj lky ztrjnjhsü
vjltktq).

20 VUw Ecnfzfdkbdftn gjkjce

ghjgecrfzby zf 20 VUw.

Njzr. zfcnh.
vfcinf]f

Drk[xftn njzre[ zfcnhjqre
vfcinf]f htuekynjhjv
j]otuj zfpzfxtzby.

Vtz[ lbfuzjcnbrb

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Lbfuzjcnbrf

Dsgjkztzbt Pfgecrftn lbfuzjcnbre.

Wbrk

Öehzfk
jib]jr

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Jlzjrhfnzj Ghjbpdjlbn jlzjrhfnzsq

Ztghthsdzj Ghjbpdjlbn wbrk

Lj c]jy Ghjbpdjlbn lbfuzjcnbre lj

Cnhfzbwf
ddthü

Cnhfzbwf
dzbp

Jgbcfzbt

wbrk lbfuzjcnbrb.

lbfuzjcnbrb gjcnjyzzj.

vjvtznf c]jy.

Bcgjkmpetncy lky
ghjcvjnhf ghtlsleotq
cnhfzbws öehzfkf jib]jr.

Bcgjkmpetncy lky
ghjcvjnhf cktle[otq
cnhfzbws öehzfkf jib]jr.

Cdypm

Bzdthcby

Ibhbzf
gjkjcs

26

29

Vtz[ Math

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

Pflfzbt bcn.
1Ćuj cbuz.

Ds]bhftn bcnjxzbr gthdjq
ajhvs cbuzfkf.

Ecn.
jgthfnjh zf

Ds]bhftn vfntvfnbxtcrbq
jgthfnjh: +, -,

bkb B

Pflfzbt bcn.
2Ćuj cbuz.

Ds]bhftn bcnjxzbr dnjhjq
ajhvs cbuzfkf.

Vtz[ Ref (jgjhzjuj cbuzfkf)

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Jgbcfzbt

Cjühfzbnm
R1 d Jg1

Cjühfzytn rfzfk 1 d Jg 1
jgjhzjq ajhvs cbuzfkf.

Cjühfzbnm
R3 d Jg1

Cjühfzytn rfzfk 2 d Jg 1
jgjhzjq ajhvs cbuzfkf.

Cjühfzbnm
R3 d Jg1

Cjühfzytn rfzfk 3 d Jg 1
jgjhzjq ajhvs cbuzfkf.

Cjühfzbnm
R4 d Jg1

Cjühfzytn rfzfk 4 d Jg 1
jgjhzjq ajhvs cbuzfkf.

Cjühfzbnm
hfcxtn d Jg1

Cjühfzytn hfcxtnze[
ajhve cbuzfkf d Jg 1
jgjhzjq ajhvs cbuzfkf.

Jg 2
Jg 3
Jg 4

Fzfkjubxzst gfhfvtnhs lky Jg 2, Jg 3 b
Jg 4 jgjhzjq ajhvs cbuzfkf.

h

aa e

Zbözyy
cnjhjzf

Gjkjötz.

Cvtotzbt

Zfcnhjqrf
ghj]zbrf

}jrjdfy
cnjhjzf

Dthnbr.
gjkjötzbt

Ecn. d 0 ltk. Ecnfzfdkbdftn

Dthnbr.
cvtotzbt

Ecn. zf 0 D Ecnfzfdkbdftn

BĆoeg

AĆoeg

Rjhh.
gthtrjcf

Ecn. zf 0 Bcgjkmpeqnt lky ecnfzjdrb

Jgbcfzbt

Drk[xftn wbahjde[
htuekbhjdre dthnbrfkmzjuj
gjkjötzby.

dthnbrfkmzjt gjkjötzbt d
wtznh ärhfzf.

Drk[xftn zfcnhjqre
dthnbrfkmzjuj cvtotzby
htuekynjhjv j]otuj
zfpzfxtzby.

dthnbrfkmzjt cvtotzbt zf
0 D.

Bcgjkmpeqnt lky ecnfzjdrb
rjäaabwbtznjd ecbktzby b
pfneüfzby, zt cjjndtncnd.
bznthatqce TekProbe II.

Bcgjkmpeqnt lky
htuekbhjdrb rjhhtrwbb
gthtrjcf lky k[]juj
ghj]zbrf.

rjhhtrwbb gthtrjcf zf
zjkm.

Ldt
jcwbk.

Jg 1

28

31

Bpvthtzbt Jghtltktzbt

Vfrcbvev Vfrcbvev fvgkbnels. Zfb]jkmitt

gjkjöbntkmzjt gbrjdjt zfghyötzbt lky
dctq ajhvs cbuzfkf.

Chtlztt Fhbavtnbxtcrjt chtlztt lky dctq ajhvs

cbuzfkf.

Vbzbvev Vbzbvev fvgkbnels. Zfb]jkmitt

jnhbwfntkmzjt gbrjdjt zfghyötzbt lky
dctq ajhvs cbuzfkf.

Jnhbwfn.
crdfözjcnm

Bpvthtzbt gthdjq djkzs d ajhvt
cbuzfkf.

JnhbwfntkmzfyĂ crdfözjcnm +

JnhbwfntkmzfyĂ ibhbzf

Gthbjl

100%

=

Jnhbwfn.
ds]hjc

Bpvthytncy gj dctq ajhvt cbuzfkf.

JnhbwfntkmzsqĂ ds]hjc +

ZEhjdtzmćVbzbvev

Fvgkbnelf

100%

=

Lkbntkmz.
jnhbw.
bvg.

Bpvthtzbt gthdjuj jnhbwfntkmzjuj
bvgekmcf d ajhvt cbuzfkf. Bznthdfk
dhtvtzb vtöle njxrfvb 50%Ćzjq
fvgkbnels.

Hfpvfü Bpvthytncy gj dctq ajhvt cbuzfkf.

Hfpvfü = Vfrcbvev ć Vbzbvev

Gthbjl Lkbntkmzjcnm gthdjq gjkzjq djkzs d

ajhvt cbuzfkf. Bpvthytncy d ctrezlfü (c).

Fdnjvfnbxtcrbt bpvthtzby

Bpvthtzbt Jghtltktzbt

Fvgkbnelf Bpvthytncy gj dctq ajhvt cbuzfkf.

Ibhbzf
bvgekmcf

Chtlztt
wbrkf

Ltqcnd.
wbrkf

Dhtvy cgflf Dhtvy, pf rjnjhjt zbcgflf[obq ahjzn

Xfcnjnf Dtkbxbzf, j]hfnzfy gthbjle gthdjuj wbrkf

Dthüzbq
ehjdtzm

Zbözbq
ehjdtzm

FvgkbnelfĂ=ĂDEhjdtzmĂ(100%)Ăć HEhjdtzm (0%)

Lkbntkmzjcnm bvgekmcf. Bpvthytncy gj
dctq ajhvt cbuzfkf.

Fhbavtnbxtcrjt chtlztt lky gthdjuj
wbrkf d ajhvt cbuzfkf.

Bcnbzzjt chtlztrdflhfnbxtcrjt
zfghyötzbt lky gthdjq djkzs d ajhvt
cbuzfkf.

gthdjuj bvgekmcf d ajhvt cbuzfkf
evtzmiftncy c 90% lj 10% jn fvgkbnels.

d ajhvt cbuzfkf. Bpvthytncy d uthwfü (Uw).

Dtkbxbzf, bcgjkmpetvfy d rfxtcndt 100%
ehjdzy cbuzfkf. Dsxbckytncy c gjvjom[
kb]j gjcnhjtzby ubcnjuhfvvs, kb]j gjbcrf
vbzbvevf/vfrcbvevf. Bpvthytncy gj dctq
ajhvt cbuzfkf.

Dtkbxbzf, bcgjkmpetvfy d rfxtcndt 0%
ehjdzy cbuzfkf. Dsxbckytncy c gjvjom[
kb]j gjcnhjtzby ubcnjuhfvvs, kb]j gjbcrf
vbzbvevf/vfrcbvevf. Bpvthytncy gj dctq
ajhvt cbuzfkf.

30

Bpvthtzbt Jghtltktzbt

Gjkjöbn.
crdfözjcnm

Gjkjöbn.
ds]hjc

Lkbntkmz.
gjkjö.
bvg.

Dhtvy
zfhfcnfzby

Ltqcnde[Ć
ott

Bpvthtzbt gthdjq djkzs d ajhvt
cbuzfkf.

GjkjöbntkmzfyĂ crdfözjcnm +

GjkjöbntkmzfyĂ ibhbzf

=

Bpvthytncy gj dctq ajhvt cbuzfkf.

GjkjöbntkmzsqĂ ds]hjc +

VfrcbvevćDEhjdtzm

=

Bpvthtzbt gthdjuj gjkjöbntkmzjuj
bvgekmcf d ajhvt cbuzfkf. Bznthdfk
dhtvtzb vtöle njxrfvb 50%Ćzjq
fvgkbnels.

Dhtvy, pf rjnjhjt gthtlzbq ahjzn gthdjuj
bvgekmcf d ajhvt cbuzfkf edtkbxbdftncy c
10% lj 90% jn fvgkbnels.

Bcnbzzjt chtlztrdflhfnbxtcrjt
zfghyötzbt lky dctq ajhvs cbuzfkf.

Gthbjl

Fvgkbnelf

100%

100%

32