AVDD operating voltages
– 4.5 V to 20 V for V
– 4.5 V to 13 V for V
■ EEPROM for storing the optimum V
■ Guaranteed monotonic output over operating
from 2.6 V to 3.6 V
DD
from 2.25 V to 3.6 V
DD
DD
COM
setting
range
■ 400 kHz maximum interface bus speed
■ Operating temperature: –40 °C to 85 °C
■ Available in an 8-pin 3 mm x 3 mm TDFN8 or
3 mm x 3 mm TSSOP8 package
Applications
■ TFT-LCD panels
■ e-paper and e-book displays
Description
The STVM100 is a programmable VCOM
adjustment solution for thin-film transistor (TFT)
liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) to remove “flickers”.
It is also used in e-paper and e-book applications
to avoid the "ghosting" effect (residual pixels after
display refresh). It can replace a mechanical
potentiometer, so that the factory operator can
physically view the front screen when performing
the VCOM adjustment. This significantly reduces
labor costs, increases reliability, and enables
automation.
Table 1.Device summary
STVM100
I2C LCD/e-paper VCOM calibrator
TDFN8 (3 mm x 3 mm) (DC)
TSSOP8 (3 mm x 3 mm) (DS)
The STVM100 provides a digital I
control the sink current output (I
drives an external resistive voltage divider, which
can then be applied to an external V
Three external resistors R
1
mine the highest and lowest value of the V
An increase in the output sink current will lower
the voltage on the external divider so that the
V
can be adjusted by 128 steps within this
COM
range. Once the desired V
COM
achieved, it can be stored in the internal
EEPROM that will be automatically recalled during each power-up.
The STVM100 is available in an 8-pin,
3 mm x 3 mm TDFN8 or 3 mm x 3 mm TSSOP8
package.
See Section 3: Application information on page 11.
High-voltage analog supply.
Bypass to GND with a 0.1 µF capacitor.
WRITE protectection.
WPInput
Active-low. To enable write operations to the DAC or to the EEPROM
writing, connect to 0.7 VDD or greater. Internally pulled down by a 130 kΩ
resistor.
GNDSupply ground.
V
DD
Supply
SDAInput/Output I
SCLInputI
System power supply input.
Bypass to GND with a 0.1 µF capacitor.
2
C serial data input/output.
2
C serial clock input.
AV
OUT
SET
DD
AI12272
Maximum sink current adjustment point.
SETAnalog
1. See SET pin function in this table for the maximum adjustable sink current setting.
Connect a resistor from SET to GND to set the maximum adjustable sink
current of the OUT pin. The maximum adjustable sink current is equal to
AVDD /20 divided by R
(see Figure 4 on page 6).
SET
Doc ID 13236 Rev 85/27
Device overviewSTVM100
Figure 2.Connections diagram
Figure 3.Block diagram
SDA
SCL
WP
Interface
V
I2C
DD
OUT
AV
GND
DD
WP
7
7
1
2
3
4
AV
DD
DAC
EEPROM
Block
GND
19R
R
SET
8
SCL
7
SDA
6
V
5
DD
AI12273
OUT
+
–
SET
AI12274
Figure 4.Hardware hookup
3.3V
MCU
2
C Interface
I
SDA
STVM100
SCL
WP
V
DD
V
DD
GND
0.1µF
AV
OUT
SET
DD
R
AV
SET
DD
0.1µF
R
1
+
R
2
–
VCOM
AI12275
6/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100Device operation
2 Device operation
The STVM100 operates as a slave device on the serial bus. Access is obtained by
implementing a start condition, followed by the 7-bit slave address (1001111), and the
eighth bit for READ/WRITE identification. The volatile DAC register and non-volatile
EEPROM values can be read out or written in.
2.1 2-wire bus characteristics and conditions
This bus is intended for communication between different ICs. It consists of two lines:
●a bi-directional data signal (SDA).
●a clock signal (SCL).
The SDA and SCL lines must be connected to a positive supply voltage via a pull-up
resistor. The following protocols have been defined:
●Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy.
●During data transfer, the data line must remain stable whenever the clock line is high.
●Changes in the data line while the clock line is high will be interpreted as control
signals.
2.1.1 Bus not busy
Both data and clock lines remain high.
2.1.2 Start data transfer
A change in the data line state from high-to-low while the clock is high indicate the start
condition.
2.1.3 Stop data transfer
A change in the data line state from low-to-high while the clock is high indicates the stop
condition.
Doc ID 13236 Rev 87/27
Device operationSTVM100
2.1.4 Data valid
The data on the SDA line must be stable during the high period of the clock. The high or low
state of the data line can only change when the clock signal on the SCL line is low (see
Figure 5). The data on the line may be changed during the clock signal low period. There is
one clock pulse per bit of data.
Each data transfer is initiated with a start condition and terminated with a stop condition.
The number of data bytes transferred between the start and stop conditions is not limited.
The information is transmitted byte-wide and each receiver acknowledges transmission with
a ninth bit.
By definition, the device that gives out a message is called “transmitter”, the device that gets
the message is called “receiver”. The device that controls the message is called the
“master”. The devices controlled by the master are called “slave” devices.
Figure 5.Serial bus data transfer sequence
DATA LINE
STABLE
DATA VALID
CLOCK
DATA
START
CONDITION
CHANGE OF
DATA ALLOWED
STOP
CONDITION
AI00587
8/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100Device operation
2.1.5 Acknowledge
Each byte of eight bits is followed by one acknowledge bit. This acknowledge bit is a low
level signal put on the bus by the receiver, whereas the master generates an extra
acknowledge-related clock pulse (see Figure 6). A slave receiver which is addressed is
obliged to generate an acknowledge signal after the reception of each byte that has been
clocked out of the slave transmitter.
The device that acknowledges transmissions has to pull down the SDA line during the
acknowledge clock pulse in such a way, that the SDA line is a stable low during the high
period of the acknowledge-related clock pulse. The setup and hold times must be taken into
account. A master receiver must signal an end of transmitted data to the slave transmitter
by not generating an acknowledge on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In
this case, the transmitter must leave the data line high to enable the master to generate the
stop condition.
Figure 6.Acknowledgement sequence
CLOCK PULSE FOR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SCL FROM
MASTER
START
1289
DATA OUTPUT
BY TRANSMITTER
DATA OUTPUT
BY RECEIVER
MSBLSB
AI00601
Doc ID 13236 Rev 89/27
Device operationSTVM100
2.2 Read mode
In READ mode, after the start condition, the master sets the slave address (see Figure 7).
Followed by the READ/WRITE mode control bit (R/W
=1) and the acknowledge bit, the value
in DAC register will be transmitted and the master receiver will send an acknowledge bit to
the slave transmitter. Finally the stop condition will terminate the READ operation. In READ
mode, the valid data is the first 7 bits and the P bit (the eight bit) is don’t care.
2.3 Write mode
In WRITE mode the master transmits to the STVM100 slave receiver. The bus protocol is
shown in Figure 7. Following the start condition and slave address, a logic '0' (R/W
placed on the bus to identify a WRITE operation. After the acknowledgement by the slave,
the data will be transmitted to the slave with the 7-bit which indicates the data is valid as well
as the eighth bit “P” for the register’s identification. When P = 1, the DAC register is written
to, and when P = 0, the EEPROM is written to (Programming). After receiving the data, the
slave will generate an acknowledge signal, then a stop condition will terminate the WRITE
operation. STVM100 is pre-programmed with 80H in the EEPROM after manufacturing.
= 0) is
A period of t
(see Table 8) is needed for EEPROM programming. During this period, the
W
slave will not acknowledge any WRITE operation.
The bit P values in both READ and WRITE modes are shown in Table 3.
Figure 7.Read/write mode sequence
STA RTSLAVE ADDRESS
1001111
SCL
SDA
Table 3.Bit P read and write mode values
1
001111
STA RTSTOP
OperationP-bit valueDescription
READXDon’t care
WRITE
R/W
6543 210P
R/W AA6543 210P
A STOP
A
1DAC register WRITE
0
EEPROM WRITE
(programming)
AI12276_b
2.4 VDD power supply ramp-up
The ramp-up from 10% VDD to 90% VDD level should be achieved in less than or equal to
10ms to ensure that the EEPROM and power-on reset circuits are synchronized, and the
correct value is read from the EEPROM.
10/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100Application information
3 Application information
The STVM100 is a programmable V
avoid the “ghosting effect” (residual pixels during refresh) in e-paper and e-books. It
provides a digital I
2
C interface to control the sink current output. This output drives an
external resistive voltage divider, which can then be applied to an external V
The highest and lowest V
value is determined by three resistors, R1, R2, and R
COM
calibratorto remove flickers in TFT-LCDs or to
COM
COM
buffer.
SET
. The
connection is shown in Figure 8.
The sink current from the STVM100 OUT pin is given in Equation 1. This current then flows
through R
Figure 8.R
. This current must be less than 120 µA (see I
SET
, R2, and R
1
connection
SET
AV
DD
AV
DD
STVM100
OUT
SET
R
SET
I
OUT
AV
DD
R1
R2
value in Table 7 on page 15).
SET
+
V
COM
–
AI12933
Note:In order to choose an appropriate device to buffer the output of STVM100, please see our
operational amplifier product portfolio available at:
Note:“D” is a user-selected value, an integer ranging from 0 to 127.
The V
value can be obtained in Equation 2.
COM
Equation 2
V
COM
R
2
-------------------R1R2+
⋅=
D1+
⎛⎞
--------------
AV
1
DD
⎝⎠
128
R
1
--------------------------
⋅–
20 R
()
SET
Doc ID 13236 Rev 811/27
Application informationSTVM100
If the user-selected value is 0 (zero scale), the minimum current is sunk. The maximum
V
value is obtained in Equation 3.
COM
Equation 3
V
COM max()
R
2
-------------------R1R2+
⋅=
1
⎛⎞
----------
AV
1
DD
⎝⎠
128
R
1
--------------------------
⋅–
20 R
()
SET
If the user-selected value is 127 (full scale), the maximum current is sunk and the minimum
V
value is obtained in Equation 4.
COM
Equation 4
R
During operation, the V
V
COM min()
COM(max)
-------------------R1R2+
and V
2
⋅=
COM(min)
⎛⎞
AV
1
DD
⎝⎠
range is set, based on different TFT-LCD
processes.The R1 value is given based on the acceptable power loss from the AV
rail. Using Equation 3 and Equation 4, the R
put into Equation 1 on page 11 and maximum I
and R
2
SET
≥ 120 µA, then R1 should be increased.
OUT
R
–
1
-------------------------20 R
()
SET
DD
values can be calculated. If R
supply
is
SET
12/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100Maximum ratings
4 Maximum ratings
Stressing the device above the ratings listed in the absolute maximum ratings table may
cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operating sections of
this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability. Refer also to the STMicroelectronics SURE
Program and other relevant quality documents.
Table 4.Absolute maximum ratings
SymbolParameterValueUnit
T
STG
T
SLD
T
V
OUT
V
AV
V
SET
Storage temperature (VDD off, AVDD off)–55 to 150°C
(1)
Lead solder temperature for 10 seconds260°C
Maximum junction temperature (plastic package)150°C
J
Output voltage (OUT pin to GND)–0.3 to 20V
VDD to GND+5.5V
DD
AVDD input voltage to GND–0.3 to 20V
DD
Output voltage (SET pin to GND)–0.3 to 5.5V
TDFN82.66W
P
DIS
1. Reflow at peak temperature of 260 °C. The time above 255 °C must not exceed 30 seconds.
Power dissipation
TSSOP80.53W
Doc ID 13236 Rev 813/27
DC and AC parametersSTVM100
5 DC and AC parameters
This section summarizes the operating measurement conditions, and the dc and ac
characteristics of the device. The parameters in the DC and AC characteristics tables that
follow, are derived from tests performed under the measurement conditions summarized in
Table 5. Designers should check that the operating conditions in their circuit match the
operating conditions when relying on the quoted parameters.
Table 5.Operating and AC measurement conditions
ParameterConditionsUnit
V
supply voltage2.25 to 3.6V
DD
EEPROM programming supply voltage2.25 to 3.6V
V
DD
AV
reference voltage4.5 to 20V
DD
Ambient operating temperature (T
Table 6.Capacitances
SymbolParameter
)–40 to 85°C
A
(1)(2)
MinMaxUnit
C
b
C
SDA
Bus capacitive load400pF
Capacitance on SDA10pF
WP = 010pF
C
S
1. Effective capacitance measured with power supply at 3 V. Sampled only, not 100% tested.
2. At 25 °C, f = 1 MHz.
Capacitance on SCL
WP = 122pF
14/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100DC and AC parameters
Table 7.DC and AC characteristics
SymDescriptionTest condition
Supply voltage2.253.6V
V
EEPROM
DD
programming supply
voltage
(2)
I
DD
AV
I
AVD D
SET
SET
SET
SET
I
SET
SET
AV
SET
OUT
V
SET
V
I
IL(WPN)
V
1. Valid for ambient operating temperature: TA = –40 to 85 °C; VDD = 3 V; AVDD = 10 V; typical TA = 25 °C;
OUT = 1/2AV
2. Simulated maximum current draw when Programming EEPROM is 23 mA; should be considered when
designing a power supply.
3. Tested at AVDD = 20 V.
4. A typical Current of 20 µA is calculated using AVDD = 10 V and R
SET current should be 120 µA.
5. Simulated and determined via design and NOT directly tested.
VDD supply current50µA
= 2.6 V to 3.6 V4.520V
V
Analog supply voltage
DD
(3)
AVDD supply current25µA
SET voltage resolution7Bits
VR
SET differential
DN
nonlinearity
SET zero scale error±2LSB
ZSE
SET full scale error±8LSB
FSE
(4)
SET currentThrough R
SET external
ER
resistance
to
AVDD to SET voltage
DD
attenuation
OUT settling time8µs
ST
OUT voltage
OUT
SET voltage drift
VD
SDA, SCL, WP input
IH
logic high
SDA, SCL, WP input
V
IL
logic low
SDA, SCL
hysteresis
(5)
(5)
(5)
DD
V
= 2.25 V to 3.6 V4.513V
DD
Monotonic over
temperature
To GND, AV
To G ND, AV
T = 25 °C to 55 °C<10mV
WPN input current152535µA
SDA, SCL output logic
OL(s)
low
DD
; R
= 24.9 kΩ (except where noted).
SET
At 3 mA0.4V
(1)
MinTypMaxUnit
2.253.6V
±1LSB
SET
= 20 V10200kΩ
DD
= 4.5 V2.2545kΩ
DD
120µA
20V/V
V
+
SET
0.5V
0.7 V
DD
0.22 V
DD
= 24.9 kΩ. The maximum suggested
SET
13V
0.3V
DD
V
V
V
Doc ID 13236 Rev 815/27
DC and AC parametersSTVM100
Figure 9.Bus timing requirements sequence
SDA
tHD:STAtBUF
tR
SCL
SP
Table 8.AC characteristics
tF
tHIGH
tLOW
SymDescriptionTest Condition
f
t
LOW
t
HIGH
t
SU:DAT
t
HD:DAT
SCL clock frequency0400kHz
SCL
Clock low period1.3µs
Clock high period0.6µs
Data setup time100ns
Data hold time0900ns
t
SDA and SCL rise time
R
t
SDA and SCL fall time300ns
F
Dependent on load (see
Table 6 on page 14)
tSU:DAT
tHD:DAT
(1)
SR
MinT ypMaxUnit
tHD:STA
20 +
0.1 C
b
Bus free time before
t
new transmission can
BUF
1.3µs
start
t
DSP
t
SU:STA
t
HD:STA
t
SU:STO
1. Valid for ambient operating temperature: TA = –40 to 85 °C; VDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V; AVDD = 10 V;
OUT = 1/2AVDD; R
I2C spike rejection filter
pulse width
Repeated start
condition setup time
Repeated start
condition hold time
Stop condition setup
time
t
WRITE cycle time100ms
W
= 24.9 kΩ (except where noted, see Figure 9).
SET
050ns
0.6µs
0.6µs
0.6µs
tSU:STOtSU:STA
P
AI00589
300ns
16/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100Typical operating characteristics
6 Typical operating characteristics
Typical operating characteristics for the STVM100 are TA = 25 °C, VDD = 3 V, AVDD = 10 V,
OUT = 1/2AV
, and R
DD
= 24.9 kΩ except where noted.
SET
Figure 10. V
Figure 11. AV
(µA)
AVDD
I
supply current vs. V
DD
27. 5
27
26.5
26
(µA)
DD
I
25.5
25
24.5
24
.2. 22.42.62.83.03.23.43.6
supply current vs. AV
DD
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
4.567.5910.51213.51516.51819.5
DD
V
DD
DD
(V)
AI13362
AVDD (V)
AI13363
Doc ID 13236 Rev 817/27
Typical operating characteristicsSTVM100
Figure 12. VDD supply current vs. temperature
35
30
(µA)
25
DD
I
20
15
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Figure 13. AV
Temperature°C
supply current vs. temperature
DD
4.95
4.9
4.85
4.8
(µA)
4.75
4.7
AVDD
I
4.65
4.6
4.55
4.5
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature°C
AI13364
AI13365
18/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100Typical operating characteristics
Figure 14. I
error vs. temperature (STVM100 at middle scale)
OUT
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
error (LSB)
0.02
OUT
I
0.01
0
-40-20020406080
Temperature°C
Figure 15. Total unadjusted error vs. DAC setting
0.022474
AI13366
0.020395
0.018316
0.016237
0.014158
0.012079
Total unadjusted error (LSB)
0.01
1 173349 658197113
DAC setting (decimal)
AI13367
Doc ID 13236 Rev 819/27
Typical operating characteristicsSTVM100
Figure 16. Differential non-linearity vs. DAC setting
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1
Differential non-linearity (LSB)
-0.15
-0.2
1 17334965 8197113
DAC setting (decimal)
AI13368
Figure 17. Integral non-linearity vs. DAC setting
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
Integral non-linearity (LSB)
-0.3
1 173349658197113
DAC setting (decimal)
AI13369
20/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100Typical operating characteristics
Figure 18. AVDD power-up response
AV
: 5V/DIV, VDD: 5V/DIV, V
DD
Figure 19. Full scale-up response
5ms/DIV
OUT
: 1V/DIV, V
SET
: 1V/DIV
20µs/DIV
SCL: 5V/DIV, SDA: 5V/DIV, V
Doc ID 13236 Rev 821/27
: 1V/DIV, V
OUT
SET
: 1V/DIV
Typical operating characteristicsSTVM100
Figure 20. Full scale-down response
20µs/DIV
SCL: 5V/DIV, SDA: 5V/DIV, V
: 1V/DIV, V
OUT
SET
: 1V/DIV
22/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100Package mechanical data
7 Package mechanical data
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK
®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
®
is an ST trademark.
Figure 21. TDFN8 3 x 3 x 0.75 mm, pitch 0.65, package mechanical data
Note:Drawing is not to scale.
Table 9.TDFN8 3 x 3 x 0.75 mm, pitch 0.65, package mechanical data
A
E2
E
A3 A1
D
D2
1
8
e
L
b
0.08
EZ_ME
mminches
Sym
TypMinMaxTypMinMax
A0.750.700.800.02950.02760.0315
A10.020.000.050.00080.00000.0020
A30.200.0079
b0.300.250.350.01180.00980.0138
D3.000.1181
D22.382.232.480.09370.08780.0976
E3.000.1181
E21.641.491.740.06460.05870.0685
e0.65– –0.0256– –
L0.400.300.500.01570.01180.0197
Doc ID 13236 Rev 823/27
Package mechanical dataSTVM100
Figure 22. TSSOP8 – 8-lead, thin shrink small outline, 3 mm x 3 mm, mech. data
D
CP
Note:Drawing is not to scale.
Table 10.TSSOP8 – 8-lead, thin shrink small outline, 3 mm x 3 mm, mech. data
Sym
TypMinMaxTypMinMax
A1.1000.0433
A10.0500.1500.00200.0059
A20.8500.7500.9500.03350.02950.0374
b0.2500.4000.00980.0157
c0.1300.2300.00510.0091
8
1
5
EE1
4
A2A
A1
eb
L
L1
c
TSSOP8BM
mminches
CP0.1000.0039
D3.0002.9003.1000.11810.11420.1220
e0.650––0.0256––
E4.9004.65005.1500.19290.18310.2028
E13.0002.9003.1000.11810.11420.1220
L0.5500.4000.7000.02170.01570.0276
L10.9500.0374
α0°6°0°6°
N88
24/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100Part numbering
8 Part numbering
Table 11.Ordering information scheme
Example:STVM100DC6F
Device type
STVM100, V
Package
DC = TDFN8
DS = TSSOP8
Temperature range
6 = –40 to 85°C
calibrator with 7-bit DAC and I2C interface
COM
Shipping method
E = ECOPACK
F = ECOPACK
®
package, tubes
®
package, tape & reel
For other options, or for more information on any aspect of this device, please contact the
ST sales office nearest you.
Doc ID 13236 Rev 825/27
Revision historySTVM100
9 Revision history
Table 12.Document revision history
DateRevisionChanges
09-May-20061Initial release.
14-Jul-20062Graphical and textual updates
Document status upgraded to Preliminary Data; changed the
wording of Input function to include ‘WRITE operations’ instead of
‘programming’ in Table 2: Pin names and functions; deleted some
bracketed text and modified the P bit function in Section 2.2: Read
08-Nov-20063
12-Feb-20074
20-Apr-20075Value added in Section 2.3: Write mode.
24-Jul-20076Document status upgraded to full datasheet.
mode; ensured that all of Equation 2 and Equation 3 were visible;
amalgamated 2 cells containing the same information (VDD) in
Table 7: DC and AC characteristics; deleted footnotes 2 and 3 of
Table 8: AC characteristics; updated package mechanical
information in Figure 21, Table 9, and Table 10.
Reformatted inside cover page according to new template; renamed
section 1 Device overview and section 2 Device operation; deleted
Signal names table; moved and renamed Table 2: Pin names and
functions, addedSection 6: Typical operating characteristics and
Figure 10 to Figure 20.
04-Nov-20097
09-Dec-20098
Added “Note” to Figure 8; updated footnote of Table 4; minor textual
changes.
Updated title of datasheet, Applications, Description, and Section 3:
Application information.
26/27Doc ID 13236 Rev 8
STVM100
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