Simrad AP28 Operator's Manual

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OPERATOR MANUAL

AP28 AUTOPILOT

20222527 / A Sw.1.1 English

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2 | AP28 Manual

About this manual

Rev. A

28.11.07 First issue

This manual is intended as a reference guide for operating and maintaining the Simrad AP28 autopilot.

An autopilot is a complex control system so please take time to read this manual to get a thorough understanding of the operation, the system components and their relationship to a complete AP28 autopilot system.

In this manual, names of menu commands, dialog box text and keys are written in boldface (e.g. Main menu, Setup command, Left key).

Important text that requires special attention from the reader is emphasized as follows:

Used to draw the reader’s attention to a comment or some important information.

Used when it is necessary to warn personnel that a risk of damage to the equipment or hazard exists if care is not exercised.

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AP28 Manual | 3

Content

1 System description ..................................... 7

1.1 General ..................................................7

1.2 System components.................................8

1.3 AP28 Control Unit.....................................8

1.4 Autopilot Computer ..................................9

1.5 Rudder Feedback unit...............................9

1.6 Heading Sensors.................................... 10

1.7 Optional equipment................................10

1.8 Software record.....................................10

2 Operation.................................................. 11

2.1 Overview ..............................................11

2.2 ON/OFF ................................................14

2.3 Backlighting ..........................................15

2.4 Standby mode.......................................16

2.5 Automatic steering.................................17

2.6 NoDrift mode.........................................36

2.7 Navigating with the AP28 ........................37

2.8 Wind vane steering (sailboats)................. 41

2.9 Wind steering and navigation (sailboats) ...45

2.10 Data pages..........................................48

2.11 Multiple station system .........................49

3 Main menu................................................ 51

3.1 Data pages setup................................... 52

3.2 Setup Menu........................................... 54

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4 | AP28 Manual

3.3 Remote lock..........................................66

4 Setup at installation.................................. 69

4.1 First time turn on................................... 69

4.2 Installation Menu ...................................70

4.3 Service Information.............................. 102

5 Alarm system.......................................... 105

5.1 Alarm indication................................... 105

5.2 Acknowledging an alarm ....................... 106

5.3 Viewing active alarms........................... 106

5.4 Alarm codes ........................................ 106

6 Trouble shooting..................................... 109

6.1 SimNet status...................................... 109

6.2 System data........................................ 109

6.3 Resets................................................ 110

6.4 Alarms ............................................... 111

7 Maintenance ........................................... 115

7.1 General .............................................. 115

7.2 Control unit......................................... 115

7.3 Autopilot Computer .............................. 115

7.4 Rudder Feedback ................................. 115

7.5 Compass............................................. 116

7.6 Drive unit ........................................... 116

7.7 Exchange of software program............... 116

8 Optional equipment ................................ 117

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AP28 Manual | 5

8.1 R3000X Remote Control (NFU)............... 117

8.2 S35 Steering Lever (NFU)...................... 118

8.3 JS10 Joystick (NFU).............................. 118

8.4 AP28 with MSD50 Stern Drive unit.......... 118

9 Glossary.................................................. 121

10 Index.................................................... 125

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System description | 7

1 System description

1.1 General

Congratulations on the purchase of your new Simrad AP28 autopilot system and thank you for selecting what we feel is the most advanced autopilot system available on the market today.

The Simrad AP28 autopilot represents yet another step forward in autopilot technology providing leisure boats between 30 and 50 feet with a host of features.

The autopilot system can be expanded and enhanced with a selection of options and accessories.

The brain in the AP28 autopilot system is the single "intelligent" autopilot computer that communicates on the proprietary SimNet data and control network to establish a reliable digital communication and power distribution between the units in the autopilot system as well as other Simrad products.

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8 | System description

1.2 System components

12/24V Motor supply

Drive unit

Multijoiner

Compass

5,5 m

5 m

RF25 Rudder Feedback

12V SimNet supply

(SimNet cable without terminator)

Autopilot

Computer

Non SimNet SimNet

Termination

plug

AP28

Control Unit

PWR

NAV WIN DTURN

STBY

DRIFT

NO-

AUTO

Figure 1-1 AP28 Basic system layo ut

1.3 AP28 Control Unit

PWR

NAV WIN DTURN

STBY

DRIFT

NO-

AUTO

A compact autopilot control for panel, bulkhead or bracket mounting. A multifunction LCD display with two-color backlighting presents readout of autopilot and navigation data, tactile keys, dedicated mode keys and rotary course knob provide simple and precise operation. It has two SimNet connectors for system interconnection and control, expansion and data sharing with other Simrad products. A NMEA2000 Adapter Cable is available for interface through a SimNet port.

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System description | 9

Multiple control units can be added to the system by daisy-chaining or drop cable to the SimNet network.

1.4 Autopilot Computer

The autopilot computer is the main unit in the AP28 autopilot system. It contains the steering computer and drive electronics for the drive unit motor and clutch and provides interface to other system components. Two models, AC12 and AC42 are available.

1.5 Rudder Feedback unit

RF25 Rudder Feedback Unit

The RF25 is designed for connection to the SimNet network. It comes with transmission link and 5 m (16 feet) of SimNet cable with connector.

The RF25 provides rudder angle output to a separate rudder angle indicator also when the autopilot is switched off.

RF300 Rudder Feedback Unit (optional)

The RF300 is designed for connection to the autopilot computer. It comes with transmission link and 10 m (33 feet) of cable. RF300 has a different signal format and does not offer the same accuracy as RF25.

With an RF300 as rudder feedback there is no output to separate rudder angle indicators when the autopilot is off.

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10 | System description

1.6 Heading Sensors

RC42 Rate Compass

RC42 is a fluxgate compass with an in tegra ted r ate o f turn sensor. It provides a significa nt impr ovemen t to th e dynamic performance of both the autopilot and a stabilized radar display. A 5 m (16 feet) SimN et cable with connector is attached.

FC40 Fluxgate Compass (optional)

This is a compact magnetic heading sensor using a floating ringcore in a fluxgate coil. A 5 m (16 feet) SimNet cable with connector is attached. The dynamic performance is second to the RC42.

1.7 Optional equipment

See page 115.

1.8 Software record

When the system is switched on, a status display shows the software version for the control unit. See page

14.

Software version

Description

SW 1.1.00. First issue

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Operation | 11

2 Operation

An autopilot is a very useful navigational aid, but DOES NOT under any circumstances replace a human navigator

Do not use automatic steering when:

• In heavy traffic areas or in narrow waters

• In poor visibility or extreme sea conditions

• When in areas where use of autopilot is prohibited by

law

When using an autopilot:

• Do not leave the helm unattended

• Do not place any magnetic material or equipment near

heading sensor used in the autopilot system

• Verify at regular intervals course and position of vessel

• Always switch to Standby mode and reduce speed in due time to avoid hazardous situations

2.1 Overview

Figure 2-1 AP28 Front Panel

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12 | Operation

Key Description

PWR

Power ON-OFF / Light key

STBY

Standby key

Engage Standby mode

AUTO

Auto key

Engage Auto mode

NO-

DRIFT

NoDrift key Engage NoDrift mode

NAV

Nav key Engage NAV mode

WIND

Wind key Engage Wind mode

TURN

Turn key

Enter turn sub-menu Tack or gybe in Wind mode

Menu/Enter key

Enter Main Menu Enter value, Confirm, O K Action according to the softkey symbol

Left key

Back, Left, Cancel, Exit

Long press: Return to Main page (operation level 1)

Action according to the softkey symbol

Right key Next, Right Action according to the softkey symbol

Up key Up in menu or list box, Increase Action according to the softkey symbol

Down key Down in menu or list box, Decrease Action according to the softkey symbol

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Operation | 13

Port key

Adjust the commanded course or wind angle 1 or 10 degrees Enable port power steering Action according to the softkey symbol

Starboard key Adjust the commanded course or wind angle 1 or 10 degrees Enable starboard power steering Action according to the softkey symbol

Softkeys

When the basic operation of the keys is changed, softkey symbols will be displayed right above the keys to indicate the alternate function.

The following softkey symbols are used:

Symbol Action Symbol Action Symbol Action

Up Increase

Day backlighting

Cancel

Down Decrease

Shallow to stbd

Enter

Increase

Shallow to port

Back

Decrease

Installation

Night backlighting

Present information

Symbols

Inactive unit, disabled data page

Alarm reminder

Locked

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14 | Operation

Operational modes

The AP28 system is capable of the following primary steering modes: STBY (power steering), AUTO, NoDrift, NAV, WIND and WIND

NAV

. Each mode except WIND

NAV

have a dedicated key. The WIND

NAV

mode can only be entered when in WIND

mode. Each mode provides you with a multifunction mode

display. User adjustable settings are found in the AP28 Main Menu

(page

51).

Alarms

Alarms are presented in plain text to alert you of system and external data failure conditions. Alarms are both audible and visual. The alarm listing is on page

111.

Transfer of command

In a multistation system the command can easily be transferred from one unit to another by pressing the active mode key.

AP28 units not in control will display the

icon.

Advanced operation

Refer to the Setup item in the Main Menu page 54 for information.

2.2 ON/OFF

At first time turn on see page

69.

A single press on the PWR key turns the autopilot system on and presents the start-up pages.

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Operation | 15

• Product name

• Software version and release

date

Software version and release date are examples only. After approximately 5 seconds, the system is operative

and the unit that was turned on will show the Standby mode display. Other units in a multistation system will

display

. Control is transferred to any single unit by

pressing its STBY key. A long press on the PWR key activates the power down

dialog box and the autopilot goes to STBY mode before it is turned off after 3 seconds.

In an emergency it is possible, on a multistation system, to turn OFF the system at any control unit by pressing the PWR key.

Please note that even if the autopilot is turned off, a small amount of current is drawn from the batteries unless you throw the circuit breaker.

2.3 Backlighting

The display backlighting may be adjusted at any time.

PWR

1 Press the PWR key

- The Light level overlay window will be displayed on top of the current view

2 Press one of the keys as described below to change

the display backlighting:

PWR

a The PWR key to increase the light level by one

step

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16 | Operation

b The Up/Down softkeys to increase/decrease

the light level by one step

c The Day/Night softkey to toggle between day

and night profiles

If no adjustment is performed within 3 seconds, the Light level overlay window will close.

For contrast and day/night settings, refer to page

60.

2.4 Standby mode

STBY mode is the mode that is used when steering the boat at the helm.

Display informatio n :

• Standby mode

• Current heading 345°M

• Compass source: RC42

• Rudder angle 01° to stbd.

See page

80 about VRF.

Power steering (NFU)

In Standby mode, press any of the PORT or STBD keys. The Non Follow-up (NFU) display is presented and the rudder will move as long as the key is pressed.

Activates PORT

rudder command

Activates STBD

rudder command

When a NFU steering lever or remote control is operated, other control units show (inactive). Refer to section 8

for operation of NFU steering levers or remote controls.

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Operation | 17

Alternating rudder angle bargraph

If your autopilot is driving a Simrad MSD50 Stern Drive, the rudder angle display will after turn-on alternate between 10 degrees port and starboard to indicate that the (rudder) zero point need be set.

Refer to page

118 to set the zero point.

No rudder angle bargraph

When the autopilot is operating on Virtual Rudder Feedback (VRF), the rudder angle bargraph is empty.

2.5 Automatic steering

AUTO (Compass) mode

When the AUTO key is pressed, the AP28 automatically selects the current boat heading as the set course and maintains the rudder angle. This gives a bumpless transfer at the mode change.

• Automatic steering mode

• Set course: 340 degrees

• Compass reading: 339°M

• Heading source: RC42

• Rudder angle: 01° to

starboard

• Speed: 12.8 kn (from log)

• Steering parameter set: LO-A

(Low automatic)

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18 | Operation

The AP28 will keep the boat on the set course until a new mode is selected or a new course is set with the course knob or the PORT or STBD keys. One revolution of the course knob equals a 45° course change.

Decrease Increase

Course adjust 1°

(or 10°)/push

Course change

CCW: Decrease CW: Increase

On power boats you may in the Setup menu preset the keys to change course by 10° per press (see page

165)

Once the course is changed to a new set course, the boat will automatically turn to the new heading and maintain the new course.

Heading capture

When in AUTO or NoDrift mode (page 36) heading capture allows you to automatically cancel the turn you are in by an instant press on the AUTO key or the NoDrift key. The autopilot will cancel the turn to continue on the heading read from the compass the very moment you pressed the AUTO key or the NoDrift key. This is a useful feature if you are not sure of the exact turn you have to make to hit e.g. an inlet or a dock.

• Automatic steering mode

• New “captured” heading: 305°

• Compass reading: 311° M

(magnetic) or T (true)

STBY

Regain manual steering by pressing the STBY key.

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Operation | 19

Dodging

The AP28 has no specific dodge key. Simply press STBY and power steer or use the helm to pass any obstacle.

When you return to AUTO mode within 60 seconds the following display is shown, offering two alternatives:

Go back to AUTO mode on previous set course

AUTO

Go to AUTO mode with current heading as set course

If your dodging maneuver takes more than 60 seconds, the autopilot will automatically continue on the current heading.

Control of steering performance

When operating in an automatic mode the AP28 utilizes two different sets of steering parameters (HI/LO). The parameters control the response of the boat at different speeds or wind directions. The two parameter sets can be automatically or manually selected, and each set can be manually adjusted (response adjust).

The speed at which the autopilot automatically changes from LO to HI parameters (or opposite) is determined by the "Transition Speed" set in the Installation/ Commissioning/Seatrial menu, page

89. See diagram on

next page. At no speed input the autopilot defaults to LO steering

parameters when engaging an automatic mode from STBY. This is a safety feature to prevent oversteering.

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20 | Operation

26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

Transition Speed set to 9 Knots

Transition to LO parameters with increasing s peed: 10 Knots

Transition to HI param eters with decreasing s peed: 8 Knots

Speed

Display legend

HI-A High response parameters set automatically LO-A Low response parameters set automatically HI-M High response parameters set manually LO-M Low response parameter set manually

Power boats

On power boats the automatic selection of HI or LO is determined solely by the speed of the boat as shown in the diagram above.

Sailboats

When sailing in WIND mode, the parameter set is determined by the speed of the boat and the direction of the wind as per below.

So if you loose too much speed e.g. when tacking, the parameters will change to HI to gain sufficient rudder response. This should be observed when setting the transition speed on sailboats. See also

Wind response

on page

22.

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Operation | 21

Response adjust

The Autotune function in the AP28 is so refined that the majority of boats will need no further adjustments of the steering parameters. On some boats, however, or at particular sea conditions a fine tuning of the steering parameters may improve the performance of the autopilot.

The Response control allows you to make this fine tuning for each of the two (HI/LO) parameter sets. The response can be set to nine levels. Level 4 is default with parameter values as set by the Autotune function. If no Autotune is made (not recommended) the level 4 values are the factory default values.

A low response level reduces the rudder activity and provides a more “loose” steering.

A high response level increases the rudder activity and provides a more “tight” steering.

A too high response level will make the boat start S-ing. When you access the RESPONSE page the highlighted

Adjust parameter is the one that is active.

Adjustment of HI and LO values can be performed even with the boat out of the water.

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22 | Operation

Range Change per step Default

1-9 1 4

Wind response (sailboats)

Verify that the difference between Course To Steer (CTS) and the actual heading is at an acceptable minimum.

If the difference between the set wind angle and the actual wind angle is too big, increase the ‘Wind response’ to reduce the difference.

If the actual wind angle is S-ing around the set wind angle, or the rudder activity is too high, the ‘Wind response’ should be reduced.

Range Change per step Default

1-9 1 4

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Operation | 23

Selection of HI/LO parameters

The “Manual select” item has three alternatives: Auto – HI – LO.

• Auto is automatically set by speed input

• HI or LO must be set manually when there is no

speed input

The sub-headline in the display shows the active parameter set and how it is selected.

Pattern steering (power boats)

The autopilot offers a number of different pattern steering features when in AUTO mode. There is a one minute time-out between selecting a turn pattern and starting the turn. During the time-out period the autopilot will maintain the set course.

When steering in a turn pattern you may at any time adjust the variables by pressing the

key.

To exit a turn pattern simply press the AUTO key.

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24 | Operation

U-Turn

U-Turn changes the current set course to be 180 degrees in the opposite direction.

This feature is very useful in a man overboard situation and whenever you want to steer back on a reciprocal heading.

TURN

Press either the or key to select the direction to make the U-Turn and start the turn.

Boat makes starboard U-turn

C-turn

The autopilot provides a continuous turn feature when in AUTO mode. This may be used for circling fish or a particular object on the seabed.

C-turn makes the boat turn in a circle with a constant rate of turn. The user decides whether the C-turn should be made to port or to starboard.

To enter C-turn mode:

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Operation | 25

TURN

Press the

or key to select the direction in which to

make the C-turn and start. The turn rate (ROT) can be adjusted before the turn is

initiated and during the turn. Increasing the turn rate yields to a smaller circle and vice versa.

Turn

parameter

Range

Change per

step

Default Units

Rate of turn 10 - 600 5 90 °/min

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26 | Operation

Spiral-turn

The spiral-turn feature may also be used for circling fish or when searching a particular object on the seabed.

Spiral-turn makes the boat turn in a spiral with a decreasing or increasing radius.

To enter Spiral-turn mode:

TURN

The “initial” radius can be set before the turn is started. Press either the

or key to select the direction in

which to make the spiral-turn and start. During the turn the “change in radius” can be adjusted

and the number of feet or meter is how much the radius is changed for each circle turned.

If the “change radius” is set to zero, the boat will turn in a circle.

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Operation | 27

Negative values indicate decreasing radius while positive values indicate incr e a s ing radius.

Increasing radius Decreasing radius

Turn parameter Range

Change

per step

Default

Initial radius

33 ft - 3281 ft

10 m - 1000 m

10 10

164 ft

50 m

Change of radius

per turn

-164 ft - +164 ft

-50 m - +50 m

5 2

66 ft 20 m

The unit for radius is the same as the unit set for depth (feet or meter).

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28 | Operation

Zigzag-turns

To enter zigzag-turn mode:

TURN

The course change can be set before the turn is initiated (2-70°).

Press either the

or key to select the direction in

which to make the first course change and start. While sailing in a zigzag pattern you can alter the course

change, leg distance, and the main course. An arrow shows the direction of the next course change.

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Operation | 29

Main course

Course change 40°

Initial course change 20°

Leg distance

Turn parameter Range

Change

per step

Default

Course change 4° - 140° 4 28°

Leg distance

82 ft - 9843 ft

25 m - 3000 m

50 25

1641 ft

500 m

The unit for leg distance is the same as the unit set for depth (feet or meter).

Square-turn

The square-turn feature in AUTO mode can also be made as rectangle or any pattern where the next turn is 90°.

To enter Square-turn mode:

TURN

Press either the

or key to select the direction in which to make the first course change and start.

Leg distance

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30 | Operation

You can at any time change the main course. You can also at any time change the distance of the leg

until the boat makes a new 90° turn.

Turn parameter Range

Change

per step

Default

Leg distance

82 ft - 9843 ft

25 m – 3000 m

50 25

1641 ft

500 m

The unit for leg distance is the same as the unit set for depth (feet or meter).

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Operation | 31

Lazy S-turn

To enter Lazy S-turn mode:

TURN

The course change can be adjusted before the turn is initiated (2-80°).

Press either the

or key to select the direction in which to make the first course change and start.

While in a Lazy S pattern you can alter the course change magnitude, turn radius and the main (average) course. An arrow shows the direction of the turn.

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32 | Operation

Adjust course change and radius as follows:

Course change

Higher radius

Lower radius

Main course

Initial course change

Turn parameter Range

Change

per step

Default

Course change 4° - 160° 4 28°

Radius

16 ft - 1641 ft

5 m – 500 m

164 ft

50 m

The unit for radius is the same as the unit set for depth (feet or meter).

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Operation | 33

Depth Contour Tracking, DCTTM

With input from an echo sounder, the autopilot can be set to steer the boat to a set depth. This is very useful if you want to follow a depth contour. Make sure you have depth reading available in the system.

Smooth seabed Rocky waters

Slope Narrow channel Ridge

Do not use this feature unless the seabed is suitable. Do not use it in rocky waters where the depth is varying significantly over a small area.

TURN

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34 | Operation

The actual depth reading is shown on the display. Steer the boat to the depth you want to track and in the

direction of the depth contour (main course). When the wanted depth is shown in the display, activate the depth

contour steering with the

or softkey (any of the

two). Use the

key when it is shallow to port or the

key when it is shallow to starboard.

Main course

This should be the main (average) direction of the depth contour you want to follow. If the contour line is making a big change in direction, you should manually adjust the set course to the new direction. This will result in a quicker response from the autopilot. If the course is not adjusted, the autopilot will need more time to turn and steer the boat back to the reference depth.

The sub screen has the following adjustments:

Depth gain

The autopilot is tracking the depth by computing an xtrack error when the boat is off the reference depth. This error automatically adjusts the set course to bring the boat back on track.

Use the gain control to have a firm or smooth response to the variation in depth.

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Operation | 35

Contour Cross Angle (CCA)

With this parameter you can make the boat lazy s across your reference depth. With the CCA set to zero there is no S-ing. The CCA is an angle that is added to or subtracted from the set course. Each time the boat crosses the reference depth, the sign (+/-) of the CCA is changed and makes the boat turn to cross the reference depth contour in the opposite direction. The larger the CCA the bigger the turn.

Turn parameter

Range

Change

per step

Default

Main course 0° - 359° 1 –

Depth gain 5 - 95 5 5

Contour Cross Angle 0 - 50 1 0

Reference depth

The reference depth is captured when the DCTTM is activated. To change the reference simply use the Up or Down key.

CCA set to 15 degrees. Approaching reference de

th from starboard

CCA set to 15 degrees. Approaching reference depth from port

Reference de

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36 | Operation

Tacking in Auto mode (sailboat)

The tack function is only available when the system is set up for SAIL boat type in the installation setup.

Tacking in AUTO mode is different from tacking in WIND mode. In AUTO mode the tack angle is fixed and can be set in the Setup/Sailing menu. Default tack angle is 100°.

Tacking should only be performed into the wind and must be tried out in calm sea conditions with light wind to find out how it works on your boat. Due to a wide range of boat characteristics (from cruising to racing boats) the performance of the tack function may vary from boat to boat. Except for the fixed course change and the difference in displays, the procedure is similar to that of the U-Turn described on page

22.

TURN

2.6 NoDrift mode

The NoDrift mode is an alternative to route steering in NAV mode, and is automatically entered when you press the NODRIFT key.

The data source when operating in NoDrift mode is the Position (Pos) source. To operate in NoDrift mode your GPS/chart plotter must be turned on.

Boat makes starboard track

For

sailboat

only

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Operation | 37

Unlike when in Auto mode the autopilot will steer the course unaffected by wind and current when the NoDrift mode is engaged.

The course to steer to (bearing line) can be changed the same way as when changing course in Auto mode.

NO-

DRIFT

• Compass heading: 345° M.

• Rudder Angle: 01 to starboard

• Speed: 12.8 kn from the log

• Steering parameter: LO-A

2.7 Navigating with the AP28

The AP28 has the capability to use steering information from an external navigator (GPS, Chart Plotter) to direct the boat to a specific waypoint location, or through a route of waypoints. The information received from the navigator automatically changes the course to steer to keep the boat on the track line and direct the AP28 to the destination waypoint.

If the AP28 is connected to a navigation receiver that does not transmit a message with bearing to next waypoint, it will steer on Cross Track Error (XTE) only. In that case you have to revert to AUTO mode at each waypoint and manually change set course to equal bearing to next waypoint and then select NAV mode again.

To obtain satisfactory navigation steering, the following points must be fulfilled prior to entering the NAV mode:

• The AP28 autosteering must be tested and determined

satisfactory

• The navigation receiver (GPS, Chart Plotter) must be

in full operating mode with adequate signal characteristics for valid position and navigation data

• At least one waypoint must be entered and selected as

the current “Go to” waypoint

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38 | Operation

The data source when operating in NAV mode is the Navigation (Nav) source. It is normally the same as the Position source (GPS/Chart plotter) see page 57.

Navigational steering should only be used in open waters. When selecting NAV mode, the AP28 maintains the current set course and prompts the user to accept the course change towards the destination waypoint.

Press the NAV key to activate the NAV prompt display.

NAV

The prompt display shows the name of the next waypoint (WP), the bearing of the track line (BWW) from the previous waypoint to the destination waypoint, the required course change (CHG) and the direction in which the boat will turn.

If only one waypoint has been entered the bearing will be from the present position to the destination waypoint.

• NAV mode

• Course to steer (CTS): 005 is

set internally by the autopilot to steer the boat onto the track line and maintain the bearing

• Cross Track Error (XTE): 1.315 nm

• Boat symbol illustrating whether the boat is to port or starboard of planned track

• Compass heading: 350° M

• Next waypoint: WP1

• Speed over ground (SOG): 12.8 kn

• Distance to next waypoint (DTW): 14.29 nm

• Steering parameter: LO-A

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Operation | 39

For Cross Track Error, the number of decimals shown depends on the output from the GPS/chart plotter. Three decimals give a more accurate track keeping.

When operating the AP28 in NAV mode to steer through a route of waypoints, the AP28 will steer to the nearest waypoint in the direction of the route after you accept the NAV mode prompt. When you arrive at the waypoint, the AP28 will output an audible warning, display an alert screen with the new course information, and automatically change course onto the new leg.

If the required course change is more than the NAV change limit (default 10

), you have to verify that the upcoming course change is acceptable. This is a safety feature. See page

79 on how to change the ‘NAV change

limit’.

Alert screen

Press the

softkey to verify course change larger than 10°.

If no verification is made, the AP28 will continue on the current set course in AUTO mode.

STBY

Regain manual steering by pressing the STBY key.

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40 | Operation

Setting the waypoint arrival circle

For route navigation it is recommended to use automatic waypoint shift at a set waypoint arrival circle.

The arrival circle should be adjusted according to boat speed. The higher the speed, the wider the circle. The intention is to make the autopilot start the heading change in due time to make a smooth turn onto the next leg.

The figure below may be used to select the appropriate waypoint circle on the GPS/chart plotter.

Example: With the speed of 20 knots you should use a waypoint circle with radius 0.09 nm.

The distance between any waypoints in a route must not be smaller than the radius of the waypoint arrival circle when using automatic waypoint shift.

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Operation | 41

Selecting a different navigation source

If you have more than one navigator connected to the AP28, you will be able to choose any for navigation. Refer to the ‘Sources’ item in the Setup menu for details on how to select a different navigator (page

58).

2.8 Wind vane steering (sailboats)

The WIND mode is only available if the system has been set up for SAIL-boat in the Installation Menu.

Prior to entering WIND mode the AP28 system should be operating in AUTO, with valid input from the wind transducer.

Enter the WIND mode by pressing the WIND key. The wind display presents the following information:

WIND

• Wind (vane) mode

• Set wind angle: 008 degrees

from starboard

• Measured wind angle: 008°A (apparent) or T (true)

• Course to steer (to maintain set wind angle): 345°

• Heading: 344° M (magnetic) or T (true)

• Rudder angle: 00° to starboard

• Speed from log: 12.8 kn

• Parameter: LO-A (Low value, automatic set)

The set course to steer (CTS) and set wind angle are entered from the compass heading and the wind transducer at the moment the WIND mode is selected. From that point the autopilot will change the course to maintain the wind angle as the wind direction may change.

If the cumulative shift of the wind direction exceeds a set limit a WIND SHIFT alarm will sound.

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42 | Operation

Adjustments to the set wind angle is as per below.

Steer port Steer stbd

Adjust set wind angle

1°/ push

Major wind angle adjust

CCW: Steer port CW: Steer stbd

STBY

Regain manual steering by pressing the STBY key.

Tacking in Wind mode

Tacking in WIND mode as compared to AUTO mode can be performed when sailing with apparent or true wind as the reference; the true wind angle should be less than 90 degrees.

The tacking operation will immediately mirror the set wind angle to the opposite side of the bow. A tack window will appear on the display. The rate of turn during the tack will be given by the ‘Tack time’ parameter set in the Setup/Sailing menu (page

63). The tack time is also controlled by the speed of the boat to prevent loss of speed during a tack.

A quick press on the TURN key will activate the tack function and the boat will start turning to the opposite wind angle.

A new press on the TURN key after the Tack window appears, will interrupt the tack operation

and the boat will

return to the previous set wind angle.

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Operation | 43

TURN

Gybing

Gybing is possible when the true wind angle is larger than 120°.

TURN

The time to make a gybe is determined by the speed of the boat to make it as quick as possible within control.

Tack and gybe prevent

When beating and running, using the autopilot is most critical.

If the sails are unbalanced when beating, yaw forces from the sails can drive the boat into the wind. If the boat is driven beyond the set minimum wind angle (see page

96), the thrust from the sails will suddenly disappear and

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44 | Operation

reduces the boat speed. Hence the boat will be more difficult to steer because the rudder will become less effective.

The tack prevent function in WIND mode has been implemented to avoid such situations. It will react immediately when the apparent wind angle becomes 5° less than the set minimum wind angle, and more rudder will be commanded.

When running, it is difficult to steer the boat with waves coming sideways or from behind. The waves may yaw the boat into an unwanted gybe; this can be hazardous for both the crew and the mast.

The gybe prevent function will be activated when the actual apparent wind angle becomes greater than 175° or gets opposite to the set wind angle. More rudder will be commanded to prevent an unwanted gybe.

The tack and gybe prevent functions are not a guarantee against getting into a hazardous situation. If the effect of the rudder and/or drive unit is not adequate, it may happen. Pay particular attention in such situations.

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Operation | 45

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46 | Operation

2.9 Wind steering and navigation (sailboats)

The autopilot can also steer the boat given both wind data and track data from a GPS/chart plotter. In this mode called WIND

NAV

mode the automatic steering is based on a set of criteria (see below). Wind steering and navigation is activated by pressing the NAV key when in Wind mode [1]. The initial course change (CHG) needed to navigate towards the active waypoint, is calculated by the autopilot. The autopilot will utilize the current wind direction in these calculations and the change of course is accepted by pressing the

softkey [2].

Operating in WIND

NAV

mode

Refer to Figure 2-2 which shows a scenario with a sailboat that enters Wind

NAV

mode to sail the most

efficient way to waypoint WP1.

1. The autopilot is still in Wind mode approaching mark 2 and waypoint WP1 has been entered on the chart plotter.

2. The Wind

NAV

mode is entered and the autopilot prompts confirmation for a course change of 71 degrees to starboard.

3. The boat is now on the leg to mark 4 where a starboard tack is required to avoid running on ground. The distance to tack DTT is displayed and so is VMG to wind. Furthermore the autopilot displays course to steer and heading.

4. The tack has been initiated on the autopilot and the tack display is presented.

5. The autopilot now presents you with information about the new leg and the next tack.

6. You are about to cross the layline and the autopilot “recommends” a new tack to Port.

7. The new tack is performed.

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Operation | 47

8. You are on the last leg directly to the waypoint. The autopilot is now keeping the boat on track (XTE) and displays bearing and distance to the waypoint.

Figure 2-2

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48 | Operation

2.10 Data pages

A number of data pages can be displayed if the information is available on SimNet (see page

109).

When one of the main mode pages are displayed, access and scroll through the available data pages by pressing the Up/Down keys.

When accessing the data pages, the last active data page will be shown first.

If you prefer to change the number of instrument pages to be available; access the Main menu/Data pages setup.

When displaying data pages the left hand side of the screen will show the following information depending on mode:

Standby mode

Heading Heading

source

Auto mode Set course Heading Heading source LO parameters,

set automatically

Nav/NoDrift mode Course to steer Cross Track Error

(XTE) LO parameters,

set automatically

Wind mode Set wind angle Actual apparent

wind angle LO parameters,

set automatically

Wind

NAV

mode Layline steering Set wind angle Actual apparent

wind angle LO parameters,

set automatically

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Operation | 49

Available data pages

2.11 Multiple station system

In normal operation control is accessible from every control unit connected to the AP28 system. One control unit is "active" and provides the user with access to all functions. All remaining control units are "inactive" and have no effect on course changes. A single press on any of the mode keys on an "inactive" control unit will allow transfer of command and make it "active".

Inactive unit

Main mode screen

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50 | Operation

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Main menu | 51

3 Main menu

In the Main menu you will find items for operation, setup and installation of the autopilot. The Service menu item presents you with various system information and access to the Demo mode.

Response Data pages setup

Setup

Installation

Service

Remote lock

Enable/Disable Restore data pages

Damping Alarms Sources Display Language Units Seastate fil ter Sailing Course adjust

Commisioning

Automatic steering

Calibration

Boat type Rudder drive SimNet config

SimNet status System data Resets

Demo About AP28

Dockside

Seatrial

Comm. status Transition spd

Autotune Recall autotuned Steer to compass Steer to wind Steer to navigator

Boat speed Depth

Apparent wind Compass

Rudder feedback Virtual feedback SimNet groups

Instance number

Autopil o t r es e t Global reset

Boat type Rudder feedback Virtual feedback Drive voltage Drive engage Rudder test Depth calibration Steer to wind Steer to navigator

Set rudder 0 Compass calibration Wind calibration Boat speed calib Transition spd Autotune

Calibrate w/SOG SPD correction Offset Offset Calibrate Offset Max stbd/port Set rudder 0

MAIN MENU LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4

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52 | Main menu

The main menu is activated by a press on the MENU key. The main menu items give further access to sub menus

and parameter settings. Parameter settings are usually presented to the right, but

may also be listed in an overlay window.

Unit settings presented in

the window’s right column

Language settings presented

in an overlay window.

The keys are used as follows to navigate in the menu system:

KEY SINGLE PRESS PRESS AND HOLD

Confirm a selection/parameter setting

Go to next menu level/ parameter settings

Go to previous menu level/ parameter listing

Return to active mode display

Go to previous/next menu item, increase/decrease parameter value

3.1 Data pages setup

All available data pages are enabled as default. See page

49. If you prefer to have less data pages available, pages may be disabled.

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Main menu | 53

Disabling pages

Continue to select pages and repeat the procedure if more pages are to be disabled.

Press and hold the Left key to leave the menu and return to last active page.

Enabling pages

A disabled page is only visible when using the Enable/disable command. A disabled page is indicated with a crossed rectangle.

Continue to select pages and repeat the procedure if more pages are to be enabled.

Press and hold the Left key to leave the menu and return to last active page.

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54 | Main menu

Restore all pages

To restore all disabled data pages, select Restore data pages:

3.2 Setup menu

The Setup menu contains items that the user may want to use on a less regular basis.

The following items are described:

- Changing the damping factors

- Alarm setup

- Automatic and manual source selection

- Changing the display settings

- Language selection

- Setting the units of measure

- Adjusting the seastate filter

- Changing the sailing parameters

In this section it is assumed that the user is familiar with how to use the keys and how to maneuver in the menus. If not, refer to Main menu, page 51 onwards.

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Main menu | 55

Damping

The damping factor indicates how fast the display will respond to changes.

The higher the damping factor the more stable display reading on the instrument.

Damping of the apparent wind angle is made by the Advanced Wind Filter (AWF) in the Autopilot Computer.

Increasing the ‘Wind damping’, will make the AWF output depend more on heading and boat speed. Decreasing the ‘Wind damping’, will make the AWF depend more on the “raw” apparent wind angle data.

The speed input to the AWF is Speed Over Ground (SOG). If SOG is not available, the AWF will use speed through water. If none of these are available, the AWF will use a boat speed that is 1.5 times the Transition Speed.

Range Change per step Default

0 - 9 1 4

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56 | Main menu

Alarms

The AP28 may be set up to sound an alarm if vessel or environmental parameters exceeds preferred values.

The alarm monitoring is disabled by setting the value to Off.

Shallow water

The setting of the alarm is global and can be made on any Simrad unit that has this function implemented.

Range Change per step

Default Units

Off – 320 ft

(Off – 100 m)

1.6 – 5: 0.1 ft 5 – 10: 0.5 ft 10 – 50: 1 ft 50 – 100: 5 ft 100 – 320: 10 ft (0.5 – 5: 0.1 m) (5 – 10: 0.5 m) (10 – 50: 1 m) (50 – 100: 5 m)

Off ft, m

Wind shift

The wind shift alarm monitors the wind angle. The reference angle is set when the alarm is turned on and when the product is turned on. The reference wind angle is reset to present wind angle when the commanded (set) wind angle is changed on the autopilot and when a wind shift alarm is acknowledged.

The wind shift reading is presented on the ‘Wind shift’data page and shows the change of wind angle with reference to the (geographic) wind direction.

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Main menu | 57

Range Change per step

Default

Off, 5-90° 1 Off

Alarm status

Displays a list of present alarms

Sources

A data source can be a sensor or a device connected to SimNet providing data to other SimNet devices. Data can be of different type such as compass data, apparent wind data, calculated wind data, depth data, etc. A given data type will only be provided from one

device to the other

devices organized in a SimNet Source group (Ref.

Installation/ SimNet groups, page

100).

At the first time turn on of a group of SimNet interconnected products (SimNet Source Group), data sources are automatically selected from an internal SimNet priority list. If a data source is connected to SimNet after the first time turn on, this will be identified and automatically selected if no other data source already is selected for the given data type.

It is only required to update the SimNet source selections if an alternative source is made available for a given data type and this source has not been selected automatically.

The data types and their respective data sources used in the products are listed on the source page in the products.

If no selection is made for a data type, ‘- - -‘ is displayed instead of the device name or acronym.

SimNet will automatically select Position source and Navigation source from the same GPS/Chart plotter. If you want them to be different you have to change them manually.

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58 | Main menu

Automatic source update

The Auto select function is mainly for situations where the automatic source selection needs to be updated because a selected data source is not supplying data or has been physically replaced with another one. The update secures that the existing source selections are valid and maintained. Missing sources are either automatically exchanged with an alternative source from the list of available sources for the given data type or the replacing source is selected. If a source is no longer available for the given data type, the display will show ‘- - -‘ instead of the source acronym.

If more than one source is found for each data type, the preferred source may be manually selected.

Manual source selection

Data sources can also be selected manually. All devices providing data of the given type will be listed in a device

list. Highlight the data type and press the

key to

display the list of available devices.

Confirm selection of the highlighted device.

Exit without selec t in g

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Main menu | 59

See information about the selected data source.

For data types which can be calibrated, an overlay screen displaying the data from the selected data source will appear first (Ref. Installation/Calibration).

Enter the Calibrate and Offset menu.

(Ref. Installation/Calibration).

Proceed to display a list of available sources for the given data type.

Display

The display is controlled by the Contrast setting and two user profiles that can be individually adjusted.

For each profile you can:

- Adjust light level

- Adjust the light color

- Invert the display

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60 | Main menu

The profiles are Day profile and Night profile. The profiles can be optimized for readability under different light conditions, and you can quickly switch between the

two using the PWR key and the

softkeys. Refer to

Backlighting, page 15.

Display contrast

The contrast controls the difference between the text/graphics and the display background. Level 9 gives the highest contrast.

Range Change per step Default

0 - 9 1 4

Day and night profiles

The day and night settings controls the display background, the light color and light level for the display and the keys.

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Main menu | 61

Setting Range Change per step

Default

Light level Off – 9 1 3

Light color White/red -

White (Day)

Red (Night)

Invert display

Yes/No - No

Language

The language is set when the autopilot is turned on for the first time. Refer

First time turn on, page 69.

It is however possible to change the language at any time.

The following languages may be selected:

- Deutch (German)

- English (English)

- Español (Spanish)

- Français (French)

- Italiano (Italian)

- Nederlands (Dutch)

- Norsk (Norwegian)

- Svenska (Swedish)

The language names are listed alphabetically in their own language.

Default language : Eng lis h

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62 | Main menu

Units of measure

Parameter Options Default

Boat speed − kn

− km/h

− mph

Wind speed − kn

− m/s

− mph

Distance − nm

− km

− mi

Depth − m

− ft

Heading − °M

− °T

°M

Temperature − °C

− °F

°F

The display unit for heading data is not solely determined by the user. If true heading is wanted but the selected compass is a magnetic compass, then the magnetic variation must be available from a position source. The same applies if the user wants to read magnetic heading but receives true heading from the compass.

If magnetic variation is required but not available, the compass decides which unit to display.

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Main menu | 63

Seastate filter

The Seastate filter is used to reduce rudder activity and autopilot sensitivity in rough weather.

OFF: Seastate filter is disabled. This is default. AUTO: Reduces rudder activity and autopilot

sensitivity in rough weather by an adaptive process. The AUTO setting is recommended if you want to use the seastate filter.

MANUAL: Linked to the Response control setting in

the Main menu. It may be used to manually find the optimum combination of course keeping and low rudder activity in rough but steady sea conditions.

Sailing

‘Sailing’ is only available in the menu if ‘Boat type’ is set to ‘Sail’ in the Installation menu (see page

71).

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64 | Main menu

Tack time

When performing a tack in WIND mode, the rate of turn (tack time) can be adjusted. This will give single-handed sailors time to handle the boat and the sails during a tack.

A turn performed without shifting wind side, will also be made at a controlled turn rate.

Range Change per step

Default Units

2 - 50 1 12 second

Tack angle AUTO

In AUTO mode the set tack angle replaces a similar change of the set course using the starboard and port keys.

Range Change per step Default Units

50 - 150 1 100 °

Wind function

With ‘Wind function’ set to ‘Auto’, the autopilot will automatically select between apparent and true wind steering. ‘Auto’ is default and recommended for cruising.

When the boat is running, it will also be surfing on the waves. This may lead to significant changes in boat speed, hence changes in apparent wind angle. True wind steering is therefore used when running, while steering to apparent wind is used when beating or reaching.

‘Apparent’ wind steering is preferred when you want to achieve maximum boat speed. The autopilot tries to maintain a constant apparent wind angle to get maximum thrust from a given trim of the sails.

When sailing in closed waters, the apparent wind angle may change temporarily due to wind gusts. It may then be preferred to sail to the true wind; select ‘True’.

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Main menu | 65

Range Default

Auto – Apparent - True Auto

VMG optimizing

Optimizing the VMG to wind will be active for 5–10 minutes after a new wind angle has been set and only when beating.

‘VMG’ will be displayed below the mode index when the VMG optimizing feature is active.

Range Default

Off - On Off

Layline steering

Layline steering is useful when navigating. Cross Track Error (XTE) from the navigator will keep the boat on the track line. If the XTE from the navigator exceeds 0.15 nm, the autopilot will calculate the layline and track towards the waypoint.

‘XTE’ will be displayed below the mode index when layline steering is active (page

46).

Range Default

On - Off On

Course Adjust

When using the

(PORT) or (STBD) keys in AUTO

mode, you are changing the set course in 1° increments. Select 10° if you want to make major course changes in

10° increments with the keys and fine-tune the set course with the course knob (does not apply for sailboats).

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66 | Main menu

Range Default Units

1 and 10 1 °

3.3 Remote lock

The "Remote lock" function is a safety feature included in the AP28 system. It will disable all other control units.

When the "Remote lock" function is in use, no transfer of command can take place; only the active control unit stays in command.

The "Remote lock" function is enabled as follows:

On the active control unit a icon will alternate with the mode index.

The "locked" control units in the system will show:

The Lock function is disengaged by one of the following actions:

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Main menu | 67

• The active control unit unlocks the other ones and makes them inactive:

• The system is switched OFF by any control unit (press

PWR key for 2-3 seconds).

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68 | Main menu

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Setup at installation | 69

4 Setup at installation

4.1 First time turn on

Before attempting to turn on the AP28 and perform an Installation Setup, the hardware installation and electrical connections must be completed in accordance with the installation instructions .

When the AP28 is powered on for the first time, the instrument will run through an automatic start-up sequence presenting:

- Product name, software version, release date

- Language selection

- Automatic data source selection

PWR

The display will show which items of the installation setup that needs to be done and those already done.

Press the

softkey to continue with the installation setup according to the next chapters.

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70 | Setup at installation

4.2 Installation Menu

The installation settings must be performed as part of the commissioning of the AP28 system. Failure to do so correctly may prohibit the AP28 from functioning properly!

The Installation menu can only be accessed in STBY mode.

The Installation settings are grouped into the following functional categories:

• Commissioning: Dockside and Seatrial setup

• Automatic steering: Permits viewing and changing of

basic steering parameters (See also response control on page 21)

• Calibration: Calibration of sensors (also partly part of Commissioning)

• Boat type: Select boat type (also part of commissioning)

• Rudder drive: Rudder drive setup (also part of commissioning)

• SimNet config: Si mNet group setup

Each group is designed to focus on specific functions and enable quick access when changes need to be made.

Some important points regarding the installation settings:

• When the AP28 is delivered from factory AND ANY

TIME AFTER AN AUTOPILOT RESET

HAS BEEN PERFORMED, the installation settings are all reset to factory preset (default) values. The automatic interface prompt will appear (see page

69) and a

complete setup has to be made

• The Seatrial settings are dependent on successful completion of the Dockside settings

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Setup at installation | 71

Commissioning

Dockside settings

If the autopilot has no rudder feedback unit installed refer to Virtual Rudder Feedback on page 80-83.

The following menu items are accessible and can be set up in the Dockside menu:

- Boat type

- Rudder feedback

- Virtual feedback

- Drive voltage

- Drive engage

- Rudder test

- Depth calibration

- Steer to wind

- Steer to navigator

Boat type

Type of boat selected will affect the steering parameters, and the functions available in the autopilot system.

The options are: Sail, Displacement, Outboard and Planing.

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72 | Setup at installation

Select appropriate Boat type by using the Up and Down keys.

Confirm by pressing the

softkey.

Rudder feedback calibration

Make sure the unit is installed and aligned as per instruction in the AC12/42 Installation manual.

The rudder feedback calibration will set the correct relationship between the physical rudder movement and the rudder angle readout.

Manually turn the helm/wheel to starboard until the rudder stops at starboard lock (H.O.).

The Max starboard angle is the angle read by the rudder feedback unit before any adjustment is made.

If the actual rudder angle is different from that of the display, correct the reading with the Up/Down keys (see note next page).

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Setup at installation | 73

Confirm Rudder feedback calibration to starboard by pressing the MENU key.

Manually turn the helm/wheel to port until the rudder stops at port lock (H.O.).

Adjust the displayed angle the same way as for starboard rudder.

Confirm Rudder feedback calibration to port by pressing the MENU key.

Many boats have ±45° (90° H.O. - H.O.) rudder angle as standard. So if you are not going to make any adjustment to the displayed angle you should still highlight the reading and confirm. This is necessary to prevent the rudder from hitting the end stops.

Rudder zero may still be inaccurate and should be adjusted under the next menu item.

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74 | Setup at installation

Special test of LF3000/LFI3000 Mk2 feedback 1 Align engines to center position; “zero rudder”. 2 Rev engines to 3-4000 rev/min and observe the

rudder angle indicator on the autopilot, a 2° change in the reading should be accepted.

3 If the rudder angle exceeds 2°, connect the screen

on the TB1 cable (LFI3000) to the center block terminal and repeat item 2 (Refer to the AC12/AC42 Installation manual). If this gives a better result keep the screen connected.

Set Rudder 0 (zero)

Bring the rudder to midship position and confirm. This will adjust an incorrect reading caused by misalignment of the rudder feedback unit.

Press the <1 key to return to the Dockside menu

Drive voltage

Set the drive voltage to the correct level. The selections are 12V or 24V, and should be set to the voltage specified for your drive unit.

Refer to the drive unit table in the AC12/AC42 Installation manua l for information.

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Setup at installation | 75

The drive engage/bypass clutch output follows the same voltage as set for the drive unit. It is not possible to select a higher voltage than the supply voltage.

Selection of improper voltage level for your drive unit may damage both the drive unit and the autopilot computer even if the protection circuits in the autopilot computer are activated.

The drive unit voltage setting does not apply when operating solenoids on a continuous running pump. Hence, the voltage to the solenoids will be the same as the supply voltage.

During the Rudder Test, the AP28 system will automatically detect whether the drive unit is a reversible motor or a solenoid is operated.

Drive engage

Drive engage has the following settings: Auto and Clutch.

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76 | Setup at installation

Clutch:

This is the default setting and it allows you to steer the boat with the helm or wheel when in STBY mode. The port will activate (go high) in all active steering modes, and typically engage a bypass valve on a hydraulic linear drive or a clutch on a mechanical drive.

Auto:

This setting is implemented for future use. Always use the “Clutch” (default) setting.

Rudder Test

If the boat uses power assisted steering, it is important that the engine or electric motor used to enable the power assist steering be turned on prior to this test.

Stand CLEAR of the wheel and do not attempt to take manual control of the wheel during this test!

The Autopilot Computer will after a few seconds issue a series of PORT and STBD rudder commands and automatically verify correct rudder direction. It detects minimum power to drive the rudder and reduces the rudder speed if it exceeds the maximum preferred speed (8°/sec.) for autopilot operation.

The Rudder test is verified by the display showing ‘Motor OK’, or ‘Failed’. If ‘Failed’ is given, check for correct electrical connection.

Also refer to ”

Alarms” beginning on page 111.

Bring the rudder manually to midship position before starting the test.

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Setup at installation | 77

Depth calibration

This adjustment only applies to “smart” depth transducers that outputs depth on NMEA2000 format.

The default value for the depth offset is 0.0, which indicates the displayed depth from the transducer to the seabed (b). Refer to the illustration on next page.

The value should be increased or decreased, dependin g on whether the depth reading should be from the water line or from the keel respectively:

- A negative offset equal to the vertical distance from the transducer to the keel will display the depth as measured from the keel (a)

- A positive offset equal to the vertical distance from the transducer to the water line will display the depth as measured from the water line (c)

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78 | Setup at installation

The symbol in front of the depth reading will change to indicate that the depth is measured from:

the keel or

the water

line

Range Step Default va lue Units

-10 - +10 0 – ±5: 0.1 5 – 10: 0.5

0.0 m, ft

Press the MENU key to confirm the offset setting.

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Setup at installation | 79

Steer to wind

Wind steering is only available if ‘Boat type’ is set to ‘Sail’ in the Installation menu.

The ‘Minimum wind angle’ is the minimum apparent wind angle that will keep the sails well shaped and give an acceptable thrust. This parameter will vary from boat to boat.

The ‘Minimum wind angle’ applies for the tack-prevent function. It also applies when the autopilot is operating in Wind

NAV

mode.

You can select different minimum wind angles for port and starboard. The difference between port and starboard will be taken into account when calculating the Distance To Turn (DTT).

Range Change per step

Default Units

15 - 90 1 30 °

Steer to navigator

In NAV mode, when the required course change is more than the set limit, you are prompted to verify that the upcoming course change is acceptable. The limit is adjustable.

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80 | Setup at installation

Range Change per step

Default Units

10 - 30 10 10 °

Dockside settings when using Virtual Rudder Feedback

The Virtual Feedback algorithms in the autopilot software enable your autopilot to steer without a conventional rudder feedback unit. These algorithms are designed for vessels up to 40 ft. powered by outboard or stern drives only.

Installing a feedback unit, however, will enhance the performance of an autopilot and provide an accurate rudder angle indicator on the autopilot display. Unless impractical or impossible, a rudder feedback unit should be installed.

The autopilot is configured for Virtual Feedback when there is no feedback unit connected at first time turn on, and at turn on after an Autopilot reset has been performed (Page

110).

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Setup at installation | 81

Select “Dockside” menu and press the

softkey to

confirm. Boat type

When the autopilot is configured for Virtual Feedback the Boat type is automatically set to Outboard.

Virtual Feedback calibration

The Virtual feedback calibration is entered as a numerical value equal to the physical rudder angle observed at the hard over position.

Use the Up/Down keys to set correct value and confirm with

Refer to pages 74-75 to set the Drive unit voltage and the Drive Engage.

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82 | Setup at installation

Rudder test

To perform the Virtual Feedback rudder test you must be able to view the movement of the engines/drives (“rudder”).

Activate the automatic rudder test as shown, following the instructions on the display.

Confirm by pressing the softkey. The next step is to enter the correct direction of the

rudder movement.

>3 sec.

If the rudder is not moving so as to give a starboard turn, press the

softkey, and repeat.

When the rudder starts to move to starboard release and press the

softkey to confirm.

Continue to follow the instructions on the display.

With the rudder hard over to starboard, turn the wheel carefully a little to port to release the hydraulic pressure.

Confirm by pressing the

softkey.

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Setup at installation | 83

Proceed as per display instructions and immediately

release the key when the rudder reaches the port hard over position. The rudder will now be automatically centered.

The Rudder test is verified by the display showing ‘Motor OK’ or ‘Failed’. If ‘Failed’ is given, check for correct electrical connection.

Also refer to Alarms beginning on page

111.

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84 | Setup at installation

Seatrial settings

The Seatrial menu presents settings and automatic calibrations to be performed during seatrial.

The seatrial must always be performed in open waters at a safe distance from other traffic.

The Seatrial menu can only be accessed if the Dockside Settings are completed and confirmed.

The seatrial settings are:

- Set Rudder Zero (To verify the dockside alignment)

- Compass calibration (To automatically compensate for on-board magnetic interference and to compensate for a fixed offset (A-error) in the final heading readout)

- Wind calibration (To compensate for a fixed mechanical offset of the Wind vane)

- Boat speed calibration

- Transition speed (the speed at which you want to

change the set of steering parameters)

- Automatic tuning (A method of determining the steering parameters)

Set Rudder 0 (zero)

This adjustment is a final control of the dockside adjustment (page 74) and should be made in calm sea. Side forces from wind or current should be avoided.

- Bring the boat up to cruising speed, and head directly into the wind.

- If the boat has twin engines, synchronize the engine RPMs.

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- Set the trim tabs and stabilizers to have no effect on the boat’s heading.

- Steer the boat manually on a steady course.

- If required, confirm the rudder ZERO posi tion by

pressing the

softkey.

Compass calibration

Before the compass calibration is started, make sure that there is enough open water around the vessel to make a full turn.

The calibration should be done in calm sea conditions and with minimal wind to obtain good results. Use about 6090 seconds to make a full circle.

1. Highlight the Calibrate line in the dialog

2. Begin turning the boat to port or starboard

3. Press the MENU key to start the automatic compass

calibration

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86 | Setup at installation

a. An information window will be

displayed when the calibration procedure is running.

b. The digits below the bargraph

will read 0.0 when the turn rate is correct. Too high or too low turn rate is indicated as follows:

Turn rate too high,

turning cw

Turn rate too low,

turning cw

4. The automatic calibration is completed when the information window disappears from the display

The FC40 and RC42 compasses will store the calibration and offset data in their own memory.

During the calibration, the compass will measure the magnitude and direction of the local magnetic field. If the local magnetic field is stronger than the earth’s magnetic field (the local field is reading more than 100%), the compass calibration will fail. If the local field is reading more than 30%, you should look for any interfering magnetic objects and remove them, or you should move the compass to a different location. The (local) field angle will guide you to the local interfering magnetic object. See illustration next page.

1 Calibration is made on the compass that is active for

the autopilot.

2 If another model compass from Simrad or another

manufacturer is installed, refer to the instruction for that compass regarding calibration.

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Setup at installation | 87

Lubber line Lubber line

Magnitude of local field in % of earth’s magnetic field.

Direction of local field with respect to lubber line. It can also be on the reciprocal.

In certain areas and at high latitudes the local magnetic interference becomes more significant and heading errors exceeding ±3° may have to be accepted.

Mounting Offset

After compass calibration, the difference between the compass lubber line and the boat’s center line should be compensated for.

1 Find the bearing from the boat position to a visible

object. Use a chart or a chart plotter

2 Steer the boat so that the center line of the boat is

aligned with the bearing line pointing towards the object

3 Change the offset parameter so that the bearing to

the object and the compass readout becomes equal

Make sure that both the compass heading and the bearing to the object have the same unit (°M or °T).

4 Confirm the Offset by pressing the MENU key

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88 | Setup at installation

Wind Calibration

This calibration only applies if you have a wind transducer directly connected to SimNet (IS12TW) or a wind transducer that outputs data on NMEA2000 format.

Any residual error in the apparent wind angle display can be corrected manually by entering the required offset.

A positive value indicates starboard offset angle,- a negative value indicates port offset angle.

Range Change per step Default Units

-180 - +180 1 0 °

Press the MENU key to confirm the offset setting.

Boat speed calibration

The hull shape or the location of the speed sensor may cause incorrect speed readings, and it may be required to calibrate the input to ensure that correct speed and log values are displayed.

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Setup at installation | 89

Calibrate by Speed Over Ground

With a GPS connected to the system, the speed through water (SPD) can be calibrated equal to Speed Over Ground. This adjustment should be made in calm sea with as little wind or tidal current as possible.

1 Bring the boat up to a constant cruising speed

(above 5 knots)

2 Select Calibrate w/SOG and press the MENU key 3 Press the MENU key again to confirm and execute

the calibration

4 The SPD Correction factor will now be changed to

equal the SOG and SPD values

Manually adjust the speed value

If you experience an incorrect speed reading, this can be manually re-adjusted by running the boat at constant speed over a known distance in both directions and average the speed reading. This reduces the effect of wind and tidal current.

Then adjust the SPD Correction factor to get the correct speed reading.

Range Change per step Default

0.50 – 1.50 0.01 1.00

Transition speed

The transition speed is the speed at which the AP28 will automatically change the steering parameter set from HI to LO parameters, or vice versa (page

19). The default setting of the transition speed is 6 knots. On power boats it is recommended that you set the

transition speed to a speed that represents the speed where the hull begins to plane or the speed where you change from slow to cruising speed.

On sailboats the transition speed should be set to 3-4 knots to give the best response in a tack.

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The speed used for the automatic transition is obtained with the following priority:

1 Speed through water from the speed log source 2 Speed Over Ground (SOG) from the GPS/chart

plotter

Simrad AP28 Operator's Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual