For More Information about Scientific Calculators .............................. 129
6
Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Programmable Scientific Calculator
Model EL-5230/5250.
After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference.
• Unless the model is specified, all text and other material appearing in this
manual applies to both models (EL-5230 and EL-5250).
• Either of the models described in this manual may not be available in
some countries.
• Screen examples shown in this manual may not look exactly the same as
what is seen on the product. For instance, screen examples will show only
the symbols necessary for explanation of each particular calculation.
• All company and/or product names are trademarks and/or registered
trademarks of their respective holders.
7
Introduction
Operational Notes
• Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it may break
when you sit down. The display is made of glass and is particularly fragile.
•Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car dashboard
or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to excessively humid or dusty
environments.
• Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it where fluids,
for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops, water spray, juice, coffee,
steam, perspiration, etc. will also cause malfunction.
• Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents or a wet cloth.
• Do not drop it or apply excessive force.
•Never dispose of batteries in a fire.
•Keep batteries out of the reach of children.
• This product, including accessories, may change due to upgrading without
prior notice.
NOTICE
•
SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent written
records be kept of all important data. Data may be lost or altered in
virtually any electronic memory product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility for data lost
or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use,
repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the specified battery
life has expired, or any other cause.
•
SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or
consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/
or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals, unless such
liability is acknowledged by law.
8
Introduction
Key Notation in This Manual
In this manual, key operations are described as follows:
x
To specify e
To specify In : i
To specify F : ; F ........................... 햳
To specify d/c: @ F..................... 햲
To specify a
To specify H : ; H........................... 햳
To specify i : Q .............................. 햴
햲 Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @ to be
pressed first before the key.
햳 When you specify the memory (printed in blue above the key), press
; first.
Alpha-numeric characters for input are not shown as keys but as regular
alpha-numeric characters.
햴 Functions that are printed in grey (gray) adjacent to the keys are effective
in specific modes.
Note:
•To make the cursor easier to see in diagrams throughout the manual,
it is depicted as ‘_’ under the character though it may actually appear
as a rectangular cursor on the display.
: @ "..................... 햲
b
: k
/
c
Example
Press j @ s ; R
A k S 10
• @ s and ; R means you have
to press @ followed by ` key and
; followed by 5 key.
NORMAL MODE
0.
πRŒ˚–10_
9
10
Chapter 1
Before You Get Started
Preparing to Use the Calculator
Before using your calculator for the first time, you must reset it and adjust its
contrast.
Resetting the calculator
1. Press the RESET switch located on the
back of the calculator with the tip of a ballpoint pen or similar object. Do not use an
object with a breakable or sharp tip.
• If you do not see the message on the
right, the battery may be installed
incorrectly; refer to ‘Battery Replacement’
(See page 115.) and try installing it again.
zALL DATA CL?z
z YES¬[DEL] z
z NO¬[ENTER]z
2. Press y.
• The initial display of the NORMAL mode
appears.
3. Press @ o0 and press + or
- to adjust the display contrast until it
is set correctly, then press j.
• @o means you have to press @
followed by S key.
• See ‘The OPTION menu’ (See page 118.) for more information
regarding optional functions.
NORMAL MODE
0.
LCD CONTRAST
[+] [-]
DARK® ¬LIGHT
11
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started
The Hard Case
Your calculator comes with a hard case to protect the keyboard and display
when the calculator is not in use.
Before using the calculator, remove the hard case and slide it onto the back
as shown to avoid losing it.
When you are not using the calculator, slide the hard case over the keyboard
and display as shown.
• Firmly slide the hard case all the way to the edge.
• The quick reference card is located inside the hard case.
• Remove the hard case while holding with fingers placed in the positions
shown below.
12
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started
Calculator Layout and Display Symbols
Calculator layout
1 Display screen
2 Power ON/OFF
and Clear key
3 Key operation
keys
1 Display screen: The calculator display consists of 14 × 3 line dot matrix
display (5 × 7 dots per character) and a 2-digit exponent display per each
line.
2 Power ON/OFF and Clear key: Tur ns calculator ON. To turn off the
calculator, press @, then o. This key can also be used to clear the
display.
3 Key operation keys:
@: Activates the second function (printed in orange) assigned to the
next pressed key.
;: Activates the variable (printed in blue) assigned to the next
pressed key.
4 Cursor keys: Enables you to move the cursor in four directions.
4 Cursor keys
13
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started
Display
Dot matrix
display
Symbol
Mantissa
• During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time.
• Only the symbols required for the usage under instruction are shown in the
display and calculation examples of this manual.
Indicates some contents are hidden in the directions shown.
:
Press cursor keys to see the remaining (hidden) section.
BUSY
: Appears during the execution of a calculation.
2ndF : Appears when @ is pressed.
xy/rθ: Indicates the mode of expression of results in the complex
HYP: Indicates that H has been pressed and the hyperbolic functions
ALPHA: Appears when ;, @ a, x or t is pressed.
FIX/SCI/ENG: Indicates the notation used to display a value.
DEG/RAD/GRAD: Indicates angular units.
M:Indicates that a value is stored in the M memory.
calculation mode.
are enabled. If @ > are pressed, the symbols ‘2ndF HYP’
appear, indicating that inverse hyperbolic functions are enabled.
: Appears when statistics mode is selected.
Exponent
14
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started
Operating Modes
This calculator has five operating modes to perform various operations.
These modes are selected from the MODE key.
Selecting a mode
1. Press b.
The menu display appears.
Press d to display the next menu
page.
<MODE-1>
ƒNORMAL ⁄STAT
¤PROG ‹EQN
<MODE-2>
›CPLX
2. Press 0 to select the NORMAL mode.
• In the menu display, press the assigned
number to choose or recall a selection.
NORMAL MODE
0.
What you can do in each mode
NORMAL mode:
Allow you to perform standard scientific calculations, Differential/Integral
functions, N-base calculations, Solver function, Simulation calculation.
STAT (statistics) mode:
Allows you to perform statistical calculations.
PROG (program) mode:
Allows you to create and use programs to automate simple or complex
calculations.
EQN (equation) mode:
Allows you to perform equation solvers, such as quadratic equation.
CPLX (complex) mode:
Allows you to perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
This section takes you on a quick tour covering the calculator’s simple
arithmetic operations and also principal features like the solver function.
Turning the calculator on and off
1. Press j at the top right of the keypad
to turn the calculator on.
•To conserve the batteries, the calculator
turns itself off automatically if it is not used
for several minutes.
2. Press @ o to turn the calculator off.
• Whenever you need to execute a function or command which is written
in orange above a key, press @ followed by the key.
Entering and solving an expression
Arithmetic expressions should be entered in the same order as they would
normally be written in. To calculate the result of an expression, press e at
the bottom right of the keypad; this has the same function as the ‘equals’ key
on some calculators.
Example
Find the answer to the expression
82 ÷ 았앙3 – 7 × -10.5
1. 8 A z @* 3 -
7 k S 10.5
• This calculator has a minus key -
for subtraction and a negative key S
for entering negative numbers.
•To correct an error, use the cursor keys
lrud to move to the appropriate position on the
display and type over the original expression.
2. Press e to obtain an answer.
• While the calculator is computing an
answer, BUSY is displayed at the above
left of the display.
• The cursor does not have to be at the
end of an expression for you to obtain
an answer.
16
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started
Editing an expression
After obtaining an answer, you can go back to an expression and modify it
using the cursor keys just as you can before the e is pressed.
Example
Return to the last expression and change it to
82 ÷ 았3 – 7 × -10.5
1. Press d or r to return to the
last expression.
• The cursor is now at the beginning of
the expression (on ‘8’ in this case).
• Pressing u or l after obtaining
an answer returns the cursor to the end
of the last expression.
•To make the cursor easier to see in diagrams throughout the manual,
it is depicted as ‘_’ under the character though it may actually appear
as a rectangular cursor on the display.
2. Press r four times to move the
cursor to the point where you wish to
make a change.
• The cursor has moved four places to the
right and is now flashing over ‘3’.
3. Press @ O.
• This changes the character entering mode from ‘overwrite’ to ‘insert’.
• When @ is pressed the 2ndF symbol should appear at the above
of the display. If it does not, you have not pressed the key firmly
enough.
• The shape of the flashing cursor tells you which character entering
mode you are in. A triangular cursor indicates ‘insert’ mode while a
rectangular cursor indicates ‘overwrite’ mode.
4. Press ( and then move the cursor
to the end of expression (@ r).
• Note that the cursor has moved to the
second line since the expression now
exceeds 14 characters.
You can use 27 variables (A-Z and θ) in the NORMAL mode. A number
stored as a variable can be recalled either by entering the variable name or
using t.
Example 1
Store 23 to variable R.
1. Press j 2 1 then x.
• j clears the display.
• ALPHA appears automatically when you
press x. You can now enter any
alphabetic character or θ (written in blue
above keys in the keypad).
2. Press R to store the result of 23 in R.
• The stored number is displayed on the
next line.
• ALPHA disappears from the display.
You can also store a number directly
rather than storing the result of an expression.
Example 2
Find the area of a circle which has radius R.
Enter an expression containing variable R (now equal to 8) from the last
example.
1. Press j @ s then ;.
• Whenever you need to use a character
written in blue on the keypad, press
; beforehand. ALPHA will appear at
the above of the display.
2. Press R and then A.
• ALPHA disappears after you have
entered a character.
18
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started
3. Press e to obtain the result.
Follow the same procedure as above,
but press t instead of ; in
step 1.
You will get the same result.
0.
πRŒ=
201.0619298
Using simulation calculations (ALGB)
If you want to find more than one solution using the same formula or
algebraic equation, you can do this quickly and simply by use of the
simulation calculation.
Example
Find the volume of two cones:
1 with height 10 and radius 8 and
2 with height 8 and radius 9.
1. Press j 1 k 3 @ s
; R A; H to enter the
formula.
• Note that ‘1 3’ represents 1 over (i.e.
divided by) 3.
•Variables can be represented only by
capital letters.
2. Press @ G (I key) to finish
entering the equation.
• The calculator automatically picks out
the variables alphabetically contained in
the equation in alphabetical order and
asks you to input numbers for them.
• at the bottom of the display reminds you that there is another
variable further on in the expression.
3. Press 10 e to input the height and
go on the next variable.
• The calculator is now asking you to
input a number for the next variable.
NORMAL MODE
0.
1ı3πRŒH_
1ı3πRŒH
H=z 0.
1ı3πRŒH
R=z 8.
h
r
1
V = πr h
3
2
19
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started
1ı3πRŒH=
678.5840132
1ı3πRŒH=
670.2064328
1ı3πRŒH
H=8_
1ı3πRŒH
R=z 8.
• Note that, as the variable R already has a number stored in memory,
the calculator recalls that number.
• indicates that there is another variable earlier in the expression.
4. Press 8 to input the radius.
Input of all variables is now complete.
5. Press e to obtain the solution.
•The answer (volume of cone ) is
displayed on the third line.
6. Press e and 8 to input the height
for cone .
• The display returns to a value entry
screen with ‘8’ substituted for ‘10’ in
variable H.
7. Press e to confirm the change.
8. Press 9 to enter the new radius then
press e to solve the equation.
• The volume of cone is now displayed.
• In any step, press @h to obtain
the solution using the values entered
into the variables at that time.
20
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started
Using the solver function
You can solve any unknown variable in an equation by assigning known
values to the rest of the variables. Let us compare the differences between
the solver function and the simulation calculations using the same expression as in the last example.
Example
What is the height of cone 3 if it has a radius of 8
and the same volume as cone 2 (r = 9, h = 8) in
the last example?
9. Store the result of step 8 on the
previous page in variable V.
Press j twice and ; <x V.
0.
AnsÒV
678.5840132
h
r
1
V = πr h
3
2
10. Input the equation (including ‘=’) in the
NORMAL mode.
Press ; V ; = then input
the rest of the expression.
You must press ; = ( m
key), not e, to enter the = sign.
11. Press I 5 to move to the
variable input display.
• Note that the values assigned to the
variables in the last example for the
simulation calculations are retained and
displayed.
12. Press d to skip the height, and
then press 8 e to enter the radius
(R).
• The cursor is now on V. The value that
was stored in step 9 is displayed.
(volume of cone 2)
13. Press u u to go back to the
variable H.
• This time the value of H from memory is
also displayed.
AnsÒV
678.5840132
V=1ı3πRŒH_
V=1ı3πRŒH
H=z 8.
V=1ı3πRŒH
V=z678.5840132
V=1ı3πRŒH
H=z 8.
21
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started
14. Press @ h to find the height of
cone 3.
• Note that the calculator finds the
value of the variable that the cursor is
on when you press @ h.
•Now you have the height of cone 3
that has the same volume as cone
2.
•R→ and L→ are the values computed
by Newton's method, which is used to determine the accuracy of
the solution.
H= 10.125
R¬ 678.5840132
L¬ 678.5840132
Right and left sides of the
expression after substituting
the known variables
Height of cone 3
Other features
Your calculator has a range of features that can be used to perform many
calculations other than those we went through in the quick tour. Some of the
important features are described below.
Statistical calculations:
You can perform one- and two- variable weighted statistical calculations,
regression calculations, and normal probability calculations. Statistical
results include mean, sample standard deviation, population standard
deviation, sum of data, and sum of squares of data. (See Chapter 4.)
Equation solvers:
You can perform solvers of simultaneous linear equation with two/three
unknowns or quadratic/cubic equation. (See Chapter 5.)
Complex number calculations:
You can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division
calculations. (See Chapter 6.)
Programming:
You can program your calculator to automate certain calculations. Each
program can be used in either the NORMAL or NBASE program modes.
(See Chapter 7.)
22
Chapter 2
General Information
Clearing the Entry and Memories
2
*
Operation
j
Mode selection
@ P 0
@ P 1 y
@ P 2 y
@ P 3 y
RESET switch
: Clear : Retain
*1Global variable memories.
*2Saved equations and local variables by the filing equations function
*3Last answer memory.
*4Statistical data (entered data)
*5n, x¯ , sx, σx, Σ x, Σx2, ¯y, sy, σy, Σ y, Σ y2, Σxy, a, b, c, r.
*6Will be cleared when changing between sub-modes in the STAT mode.
Entry
(Display)
×
A-Z,
1
*
variables
θ
×
×
×
×
Local
×
×
×
Saved equations
including saved
local variables
Note:
•To clear one variable memory of global variable and local variable
memories, press j x and then choose memory.
Memory clear key
Press @ P to display the menu.
•To initialize the display mode, press 0.
The parameters set as follows.
• Angular unit: DEG (See page 26.)
• Display notation: NORM1 (See page 26.)
• N-base: DEC (See page 44.)
•To clear all variables (excluding local variables of saved equations,
statistical data and STAT variables), press 1 y.
•To clear statistical data and STAT variables, press 2 y.
•To RESET the calculator, press 3 y. The RESET operation will
erase all data stored in memory and restore the calculator’s default setting.
Multi-entry
recall,
ANS
×
*
×
STAT
3
STAT VAR
×
××
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
<M-CLR>
ƒDISP ⁄MEMORY
¤STAT ‹RESET
4
*
5
*
6
*
23
Chapter 2: General Information
NORMAL MODE
0.
123456_
0.
123459=
123459.
Editing and Correcting an Equation
Cursor keys
Incorrect keystrokes can be changed by using the cursor keys
(lrud).
Example
Enter 123456 then correct it to 123459.
1. Press j 123456.
2. Press y 9 e.
• If the cursor is located at the right end
of an equation, the y key will
function as a backspace key.
•You can return to the equation just after
getting an answer by pressing the cursor keys. After returning to the
equation, the following operations are useful;
@l or @r: To jump the cursor to the beginning or the
end of equation.
Overwrite mode and insert mode
• Pressing @O switches between the two editing modes: overwrite
mode (default); and insert mode. A rectangular cursor indicates preexisting
data will be overwritten as you make entries, while a triangular cursor
indicates that an entry will be inserted at the cursor.
• In the overwrite mode, data under the cursor will be overwritten by the
number you enter. To inser t a number in the insert mode, move the cursor
to the place immediately after where you wish to insert, then make the
desired entry.
• The mode set will be retained until @O is pressed or a RESET
operation is performed.
24
Chapter 2: General Information
Delete key
•To delete a number/function, move the cursor to the number/function you
wish to delete, then press y. If the cursor is located at the right end of
an equation, the y key will function as a backspace key.
Multi-entry recall function
Previous equations can be recalled in the NORMAL, STAT or CPLX mode.
Up to 160 characters of equations can be stored in memory.
When the memory is full, stored equations are deleted in the order of the
oldest first.
• Pressing @g will display the previous equation. Further pressing
@g will display preceding equations.
•You can edit the equation after recalling it.
• The multi-entry memory is cleared by the following operations: mode
change, memory clear (@ P 1 y), RESET, N-base conversion.
Example
Input three expressions and then recall them.
1 3(5+2)=
2 3×5+2=
3 3×5+3×2=
1. Press j 3 ( 5 + 2 ) e
3 k 5 + 2 e
3 k 5 + 3 k 2 e
17.
3˚5+3˚2=
21.
2. Press @ g to recall the
expression 3.
3. Press @ g to recall the
expression 2.
4. Press @ g to recall the
expression 1.
3˚5+3˚2=
21.
3˚5+3˚2
3˚5+3˚2=
21.
3˚5+2
3˚5+3˚2=
21.
3(5+2)
25
Chapter 2: General Information
<SET UP>
ƒDRG ⁄FSE
¤---
The SET UP menu
The SET UP menu enables you to change the angular unit and the display
format.
• Press @J to display the SET UP
menu.
• Press j to exit the SET UP menu.
Determination of the angular unit
The following three angular units (degrees,
radians, and grads) can be specified.
• DEG(°): Press @J00
• RAD (rad): Press @J01
• GRAD (g) : Press @J02
Selecting the display notation and number of decimal places
Five display notation systems are used to display calculation results: Two
settings of Floating point (NORM1 and NORM2), Fixed decimal point (FIX),
Scientific notation (SCI) and Engineering notation (ENG).
• When @J10 (FIX) or @J12 (ENG) is
pressed, ‘TAB(0-9)?’ will be displayed and the number of decimal places
(TAB) can be set to any value between 0 and 9.
• When @J11 (SCI) is pressed, ‘SIG(0-9)?’ will be dis-
played and the number of significant digits (SIG) can be set to any value
between 0 and 9. Entering 0 will set a 10-digit display.
• When a floating point number does not fit in the specified range, the
calculator will display the result using the scientific notation (exponential
notation) system. See the next section for details.
Setting the floating point numbers system in scientific
notation
The calculator has two settings for displaying a floating point number:
NORM1 (default setting) and NORM2. In each display setting, a number is
automatically displayed in scientific notation outside a preset range:
• NORM1: 0.000000001 ≤ |x| ≤ 9999999999
• NORM2: 0.01 ≤ |x| ≤ 9999999999
26
Chapter 2: General Information
Example
100000÷3=j @ J 13
[Floating point (NORM1)]
→[FIXed decimal point
and TAB set to 2]
→[SCIentific notation
and SIG set to 3 ]
→[ENGineering notation
and TAB set to 2]
→[Floating point (NORM1)]
3÷1000=
[Floating point (NORM1)]
→[Floating point (NORM2)]
→[Floating point (NORM1)]
Key operations
100000 z 3 e
@ J 1 0 2
@ J 1 1 3
@ J 1 2 2
@ J 1 3
j 3 z 1000e
@ J 1 4
@ J 1 3
Result
33333.33333
33333.33
3.33˚10
33.33˚10
33333.33333
0.003
3.˚10
0.003
Using Memories
The calculator uses global variable memories (A–Z and θ), local variable
memories (maximum of nine variables per equation), and a last answer
memory used when solving equations.
Using alphabetic characters
You can enter an alphabetic character (written
in blue) when ALPHA is displayed at the top of
the display. To enter this mode, press ;.
To enter more than one alphabetic character,
press @ a to apply the alphabet-lock
mode. Press ; to escape from this mode.
NORMAL MODE
0.
04
03
-03
Using global variables
You can assign values (numbers) to global variables by pressing x then
A–Z and θ.
Example 1
Store 6 in global variable A.
1. Press j 6 x A.
• There is no need to press ; because
ALPHA is selected automatically when
you press x.
0.
6ÒA
6.
27
Chapter 2: General Information
6.
A=
6.
¬ƒA¡ ‹ fl
⁄ › ‡
¤ fi °
ƒz ‹ fl
⁄ › ‡
¤ fi °
0.
1.25
E
–5ÒA1
0.0000125
Example 2
Recall global variable A.
1. Press t A.
• There is no need to press ; because
ALPHA is selected automatically when
you press t.
Using local variables
Nine local variables can be used in each equation or program, in addition to
the global variables. Unlike global variables, the values of the local variables
will be stored with the equation when you save it using the filing equations
function. (See page 58.)
To use local variables, you first have to assign the name of the local variable
using two characters: the first character must be a letter from A to Z or θ and
the second must be a number from 0 to 9.
Example
Store 1.25 x 10-5 as local variable A1 (in the NORMAL mode) and
recall the stored number.
1. Press @ v.
• The VAR menu appears.
• If no local variables are stored yet,
ALPHA appears automatically and the
calculator is ready to enter a name.
2. Press A1 e.
•¬ shows that you have finished assigning
the name A1.
•To assign more names, press d to
move the cursor to VAR 1 and repeat the
process above.
3. Press j.
• This returns you to the previous screen.
4. Press 1.25 ` S 5 x @v0.
28
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