REAL TIME CLOCK, POWER-FAIL CONTROL
CIRCUIT, BATTERY, and CRYSTAL
■ BCD CODED YEAR, MONTH, DAY, DATE,
HOURS, MINUTES, and SECONDS
■ AUTOMATIC POWER-FAIL CHIP DESELECT
and WRITE PROTECTION
■ WRITE PROTECT VOLTAGES:
(V
= Power-fail Deselect Voltage)
PFD
– M48T512Y: 4.2V ≤ V
– M48T512V: 2.7V ≤ V
■ CONVENTIONAL SRAM OPERATION;
UNLIMITED WRITE CYCLES
■ SOFTWARE CONTROLLED CLOCK
CALIBRATION FOR HIGH ACCURACY
APPLICATIONS
■ 10 YEARS of DATA RETENTION and CLOCK
OPERATION in the ABSENCE OF POWER
■ PIN and FUNCTION COMPATIBLE with
INDUSTRY STANDARD 512K X 8 SRAMS
■ SELF-CONTAINED BATTERY and CRYSTA L
in DIP PACKAGE
PFD
PFD
≤ 4.5V
≤ 3.0V
32
1
PMDIP32 (PM)
Module
Figure 1. Logic Diagram
V
CC
M48T512Y
M48T512V
DESCRIPTION
The M48T512Y/V TIMEKEEPER RAM is a 512Kb
x 8 non-volatile static RAM and real time clock organized as 524,288 words by 8 bits. The spe cial
DIP package provides a fully integrated battery
back-up memory and real time clock solution.
Table 1. Signal Names
A0-A18Address Inputs
DQ0-DQ7Data Inputs / Outputs
E
G
W
V
V
Note: 1. Stresses greater than those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
2. Soldering temperature not to exceed 260°C for 10 seconds (total thermal budget not to exceed 150°C for longer than 30 seconds).
CAUTION: Negative undershoo ts bel ow –0.3V ar e not al l owed on any pin wh i l e i n the Batter y Back-up mod e.
Ambient Operating Temperature0 to 70°C
Storage Temperature (VCC Off, Oscillator Off)
(2)
Lead Solder Temperature for 10 seconds260°C
Input or Output Voltages
Supply Voltage
Output Current20mA
Power Dissipation1W
rating only and functional opera tion of the dev i ce at these or any other conditions above thos e i ndi cated in th e operational section
of this spec ification is not im plied. Exposure t o the abso lute max imum rat ing cond itions for extende d period s of tim e may affe ct
reliability.
Figure 2. DIP C on ne ctions
(1)
–40 to 85°C
–0.3 to V
M48T512Y–0.3 to 7.0V
M48T512V–0.3 to 4.6V
CC
+0.3
V
The 32 pin 600 mil DIP Hybrid houses a controller
chip, SRAM, quartz crystal, and a long life lithium
button cell in a single package. Figure 3 illustrates
the static memory array and the quartz con trolled
clock oscillator. The clock locations contain the
year, month, date, day, hour, minute, and second
A18V
1
A16
2
3
A14
4
A12
5
A7
6
A6
7
A5
8
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
DQ0
M48T512Y
M48T512V
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
DQ2
16
SS
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
AI02263
CC
A15
A17
W
A13
A8
A9
A11
G
A10
E
DQ7
DQ6
DQ5DQ1
DQ4
DQ3V
in 24 hour BCD format. Corrections for 28, 29
(leap year - compliant until the year 2100), 30, and
31 day months are made automatically. Byte
7FFF8h is the clock control register. This byte controls user access to the clock information and also
stores the clock calibration setting. The seven
clock bytes (7FFFFh-7FFF9h) are not the actual
clock counters, they are memory locations consist-
ing of BiPORT™ read/write memory cells within
the static RAM array. The M48T512Y/V includes a
clock control circuit which updates the clock bytes
with current information once per second. Th e information can be accessed by the user in the
same manner as any other location in the s tatic
memory array. The M48T512Y/V also has its own
Power-Fail Detect circuit. This control circuitry
constantly monitors the supply voltage for an out
of tolerance condition. When V
is out of toler-
CC
ance, the circuit write protects the TIMEKEEPER
register data and external SRAM, providi ng data
security in the midst of unpredictable system operation. As V
falls, the control circuitry automati-
CC
cally switches to the battery, maintaining data and
clock operation until valid power is restored.
The M48T512Y/V directly replaces industry standard 512Kb x 8 SRAMs. It also p rovides the nonvolatility of Flash without any requirement for special write timing or limitations on the number of
writes that can be performed.
2/14
READ MODE
The M48T512Y/V is in the Read Mode whenever
(Write Enable) is high and E (Chip Enable) is
W
low. The unique address specified by the 19 A ddress Inputs defines which one of the 524,288
bytes of data is to be access ed. Valid dat a will be
available at the D ata I/O pins within Address Ac-
M48T512Y, M48T512V
Table 3. Operating Modes
Mode
Deselect
Write
Read
Read
Deselect
Deselect
Note: 1. X = VIH or VIL.
2. See T able 7 for details.
cess T ime (t
AVQV
4.5V to 5.5V
3.0V to 3.6V
V
to V
SO
) after the last address input signal is stable, providing the E
are also satisfied. If the E
not met, valid data will be available after the latter
of the Chip Enable Access Times (t
Enable Access Time (t
). The state of the eight
GLQV
three-state Data I/O signals is controlled by E
G
. If the outputs are activated before t
ELQV
) or Output
and
, the
AVQV
data lines will be driven t o an ind eterminate state
until t
while E
main valid for Output Data Hold Time (t
. If the Address Inputs are changed
AVQV
and G remain active, output data will re-
) but
AXQX
will go indeterminate until the next Address Access.
WRITE MODE
The M48T512Y/V is in the Wri te Mode whenever
(Write Enable) and E (Chip Enable) are low
W
state after the address inputs are stable. The start
of a write is referenced from the latter occurring
falling edge of W
earlier rising edge of W
be held valid throughout the cycle. E
turn high for a minimum of t
or t
from Write Enable prior to the initiation of
WHAX
or E. A write is terminated by the
or E. The addresses must
or W must r e-
from Chip Enable
EHAX
another read or write cycle. Data-in must be valid
prior to the end of write and remain valid for
t
DVWH
t
afterward. G should be kept high during
WHDX
write cycles to avoid bus c ontention; although, if
the output bus has been activated by a low on E
and G a low on W will disable the outputs t
ter W
falls .
WLQZ
af-
XXHigh ZStandby
X
V
IL
V
IH
V
IL
V
IH
V
IH
D
IN
D
OUT
High ZActive
Active
Active
Table 4. AC Measurement Conditions
Input Rise and Fall Times≤ 5ns
Input Pulse Voltages0 to 3V
Input and Output Timing Ref. Voltages1.5V
Note that Output Hi-Z is defined as the point where data is no longer
driven.
Figure 3. AC Testing Load Circuit
DEVICE
UNDER
TEST
CL includes JIG capacitance
650Ω
CL = 100pF
1.75V
AI01803C
3/14
M48T512Y, M48T512V
Figure 4. Block Diagram
OSCILLATOR AND
CLOCK CHAIN
32,768 Hz
CRYSTAL
POWER
LITHIUM
CELL
VOLTAGE SENSE
AND
SWITCHING
CIRCUITRY
V
CC
DATA RETENTION MODE
With valid V
applied, the M48T512Y/V operates
CC
as a conventional BYTEWIDE™ static RAM.
Should the supply voltage decay, the RAM will automatically deselect, write protecting itself when
V
falls between V
CC
(max), V
PFD
(min) win-
PFD
dow. All outputs become high impedance an d all
inputs are treated as "don't care".
Note: A power fa ilure during a writ e cycle may corrupt data at the current addressed location, but
does not jeopardize the rest of the RAM's content.
At voltage s below V
in a write protected state, provided the V
time is not less than t
spond to transient noise s pi kes on V
(min), the memory will be
PFD
. The M48T512Y/V may re-
F
that cr os s
CC
CC
fall
into the deselect window during the time the device is sampling V
power supply lines is recomm ended. When V
.Therefore, decoupling of the
CC
CC
drops below VSO, the control circuit switches power to the internal battery, preserving data and powering the clock. The internal energy source will
maintain data in the M48T512Y/V for an accumulated period of at least 10 years at room tem perature. As system power rises above V
SO
, the
battery is disconnected, and the power supply is
8 x 8
TIMEKEEPER
REGISTERS
A0-A18
DQ0-DQ7
E
W
G
AI02384
V
PFD
524,280 x 8
SRAM ARRAY
V
SS
switched to external VCC. Write protection continues until V
Normal RAM operation can resume t
exceeds V
reaches V
CC
(max). Refer to Application Note
PFD
(min) plus t
PFD
ER
ER
after V
(AN1012) on the ST Web Site for more information
on battery life.
CLOCK OPERATIONS
Reading the Clock Updates to the TIMEKEEPER
registers should be halted before clock data is
read to prevent reading data in transition. Because
the BiPO RT TIMEKEEPER cells in the R AM array
are only data registers, and not the actual clock
counters, updating the registers can be halted
without disturbing the clock itself. Updating is halted when a '1' is written to t he REA D bi t, D6 i n the
Control Register (7FFF8h). As long as a '1' remains in that position, updat ing is halted. After a
halt is issued, the registers reflect the count; that
is, the day, date, and time that were current at the
moment the halt comm and was issued. All of the
TIMEKEEPER registers are updated simultaneously. A halt will not interrupt an update in
progress. Updating occurs 1 second after the
READ bit is reset to a '0'.
(min).
CC
4/14
M48T512Y, M48T512V
Table 5. Capacitance
(T
= 25 °C, f = 1 MHz)
A
(1)
SymbolParameterTest ConditionMinMaxUnit
C
C
IO
Note: 1. Effective capacitance measured with po wer suppl y at 5V (M48T512Y) or 3.3V (M48T512V ). Sampled only, not 100% tested.
2. Outputs desele cted.
Input Capacitance
IN
(2)
Input / Output Capacitance
V
V
OUT
IN
= 0V
= 0V
20pF
20pF
Table 6A. DC Characteristics
= 0 to 70 °C; VCC = 4.5V to 5.5V)
(T
A
SymbolParameterTest ConditionMinMaxUnit
(1)
I
LI
I
LO
I
CC
I
CC1
I
CC2
V
V
V
V
OH
Note: 1. Outputs deselected.
Input Leakage Current
(1)
Output Leakage Current
Supply CurrentOutputs open115mA
Supply Current (Standby) TTL
Supply Current (Standby) CMOS
Input Low Voltage–0.30.8V
IL
Input High Voltage2.2
IH
Output Low Voltage
OL
Output High Voltage
0V ≤ V
IN
0V ≤ V
OUT
E
= V
E
= VCC – 0.2V
I
= 2.1mA
OL
I
= –1mA
OH
≤ V
≤ V
IH
CC
CC
±2µA
±2µA
8mA
4mA
V
+ 0.3
CC
0.4V
2.4V
V
Table 6B. DC Characteristics
= 0 to 70 °C; VCC = 3.0V to 3.6V)
(T
A
SymbolParameterTest ConditionMinMaxUnit
(1)
Input Leakage Current
I
LI
(1)
Output Leakage Current
I
LO
I
CC
I
CC1
I
CC2
V
V
V
V
OH
Note: 1. Outputs deselected.
Supply CurrentOutputs open60mA
Supply Current (Standby) TTL
Supply Current (Standby) CMOS
Input Low Voltage–0.30.4V
IL
Input High Voltage2.2
IH
Output Low Voltage
OL
Output High Voltage
0V ≤ V
IN
0V ≤ V
OUT
E
= V
E
= VCC – 0.2V
I
= 2.1mA
OL
I
= –1mA
OH
≤ V
≤ V
IH
CC
CC
±2µA
±2µA
4mA
3mA
V
+ 0.3
CC
0.4V
2.2V
V
5/14
M48T512Y, M48T512V
Figure 5. Power Down/Up Mode AC Waveforms
V
CC
V
(max)
PFD
V
(min)
PFD
VSO
V
SS
INPUTS
(Including E)
OUTPUTS
tWP
VALIDVALID
Table 7. Power Down/Up Trip Points DC Characteristics
tF
tR
tER
RECOGNIZEDRECOGNIZED
AI02385
tFB
tDR
tRB
DON'T CARE
HIGH-Z
(1)
(TA = 0 to 70 °C)
SymbolParameterMinTypMaxUnit
V
PFD
Power-fail Deselect Voltage
M48T512Y4.24.354.5V
M48T512V2.72.93.0V
V
SO
t
DR
Note: 1. All voltages referenced to VSS.
2. At 25°C.
Battery Back-up Switchover Voltage
V
M48T512V
(2)
Expected Data Retention Time10YEARS
PFD
–100mV
Table 8. Power Down/Up AC Characteristics
(T
= 0 to 70 °C)
A
SymbolParameterMinMaxUnit
M48T512Y3.0V
(1)
t
F
t
FB
t
R
t
RB
t
WP
t
ER
Note: 1. V
2. V
V
(max) to V
PFD
(2)
V
(min) to VSS VCC Fall Time
PFD
V
(min) to V
PFD
VSS to V
PFD
Write Protect Time on VCC = V
(min) V
PFD
(max) VCC Rise Time
PFD
(min) V
Rise Time
CC
Fall Time
CC
PFD
300µs
M48T512Y10µs
M48T512V150µs
10µs
1µs
40150µs
E Recovery Time40200ms
(max) to V
PFD
es V
(min).
PFD
(min) to VSS fall time of less than tFB may cause corruption of RAM data.
PFD
(min) fall time of less than tF may result in deselection/write protection not occurring until 200µs after VCC pass-
PFD
6/14
Table 9. Read Mode AC Characteristics
(T
= 0 to 70 °C)
A
M48T512Y, M48T512V
M48T512YM48T512V
SymbolParameter
MinMaxMinMax
t
AVAV
t
AVQV
t
ELQV
t
GLQV
t
ELQX
t
GLQX
t
EHQZ
t
GHQZ
t
AXQX
Note: 1. CL = 100pF.
2. C
Read Cycle Time7085ns
(1)
Address Valid to Output Valid7085ns
(1)
Chip Enable Low to Output Valid7085ns
(1)
Output Enable Low to Output Valid4055ns
(2)
Chip Enable Low to Output Transition55ns
(2)
Output Enable Low to Output Transition55ns
(2)
Chip Enable High to Output Hi-Z2530ns
(2)
Output Enable High to Output Hi-Z2530ns
(1)
Address Transition to Output Transition105ns
= 5pF.
L
Figure 6. Address Controlled, Read Mode AC Waveforms
tAVAV
Unit-70-85
A0-A16
tAVQV
tAXQX
DQ0-DQ7
DATA VALID
Setting the Clock. Bit D7 of the Control Register
(7FFF8h) is the WRITE bit. Setting the WRITE bit
to a '1', like the READ bit, halts updates to the
TIMEKEEPER registers. The user can then load
them with the correct day, date, and time data in
24 hour BCD format (see Table 11). Resetting the
WRITE bit to a '0' then t ransfers the values o f all
time registers 7FFFFh-7FFF9h to the actual TIMEKEEPER counters and allows normal operation to
resume. After the WRITE bit is reset, the next
clock update will occur approximately one second
later. See Application Note, AN923, (TIMEKEEPERS "ROLLING INTO" THE 21ST CENTURY) on
the ST Web Site for more information on Century
Rollover.
VALID
DATA VALID
AI02324
Note: Upon power-up, both the WRITE bit and the
READ bit w ill be re s et to '0'.
Stopping and Starting the Oscillator. The oscillator may be stopped at any time. If the device is
going to spend a significant amount of time on the
shelf, the oscillator can be turned off to minimize
current drain on the battery. The STOP bit is located at Bit D7 within 7FFF9h. Setting it to a '1' stops
the oscillator. The M48T512Y/V is shipped from
STMicroelectronics with the STOP bit set to a '1'.
When reset to a '0', the M48T512Y/V oscillator
starts after approximately one second.
Note: It is not necessary to set the WRITE bit
when setting or resetting the FREQUENCY TEST
bit (FT) or the STOP bit (ST).
7/14
M48T512Y, M48T512V
Table 10. Write Mode AC Characteristics
(T
= 0 to 70 °C)
A
M48T512YM48T512V
SymbolParameter
t
AVAV
t
AVWL
t
AVEL
t
WLWH
t
ELEH
t
WHAX
t
EHAX
t
DVWH
t
DVEH
t
WHDX
t
EHDX
(1, 2)
t
WLQZ
t
AVWH
t
AVE1H
(1, 2)
t
WHQX
Note: 1. CL = 5pF.
2. If E
Write Cycle Time7085ns
Address Valid to Write Enable Low00ns
Address Valid to Chip Enable Low00ns
Write Enable Pulse Width5060ns
Chip Enable Low to Chip Enable High5565ns
Write Enable High to Address Transition55ns
Chip Enable High to Address Transition1015ns
Input Valid to Write Enable High3035ns
Input Valid to Chip Enable High3035ns
Write Enable High to Input Transition55ns
Chip Enable High to Input Transition1015ns
Write Enable Low to Output Hi-Z2530ns
Address Valid to Write Enable High6070ns
Address Valid to Chip Enable High6070ns
Write Enable High to Output Transition55ns
goes low simultaneously with W goin g l ow, the output s remain in the high impedance state.
Unit-70-85
MinMaxMinMax
Calibrating the Clock. The M48T512Y/V is driv-
en by a quartz c ontr olled oscillator w ith a nominal
frequency of 32,768Hz. The devices are factory
calibrated at 25°C and tested f or accuracy. Clock
accuracy will not exceed 35 ppm (parts per million)
oscillator frequency error at 25°C, which equates
to about ±1.53 minutes per month. When t he Calibration circuit is properly employed, accuracy improves to better than +4 ppm at 25°C. The
oscillation rate of crystals change s with temperature. The M48T512Y/V design employs periodic
counter correction. The calibration c ircuit adds or
subtracts counts from the o scillator divider circuit
at the divide by 256 stage, as shown in Figure 10.
The number of times pulses which are blanked
(subtracted, negative calibration) or split (added,
positive calibration) depends upon the value loaded into the five Calibration bits found in the Control
Register. Adding counts speeds the clock up, sub-
8/14
tracting counts slows the clock down. The Calibration bits occupy the five lower order bits (D4-D0) in
the Control Register 7FFF8h. These bits can be
set to represent any value between 0 and 31 in binary form. Bit D5 is a Sign bit; '1' indicates positive
calibration, '0' indicates negative calibration. Calibration occurs within a 64 minute cycle. The first
62 minutes in the cycle may, once per minute,
have one second either shortened by 128 or
lengthened by 256 oscillator cycles. If a binary '1'
is loaded into the register, only the first 2 minutes
in the 64 minute cycle will be modified; if a binary
6 is loaded, the first 12 will be affected, and so on.
Therefore, each cal ibration step has the effect of
adding 512 or subtracting 256 oscillator cycles for
every 125, 829, 120 actual oscillator cycles; that
is, +4.068 or –2.034 ppm of adjustment per calibration step in the calibration register.
M48T512Y, M48T512V
Figure 7. Chip Enable or Output Enable Controlled, Read Mode AC Waveforms
tAVAV
A0-A18
tAVQVtAXQX
tELQV
E
tELQX
G
tGLQX
DQ0-DQ7
VALID
tGLQV
Figure 8. Write Enable Controlled, Write AC Waveforms
tEHQZ
tGHQZ
DATA OUT
AI02389
A0-A18
E
W
DQ0-DQ7
tAVEL
tAVWL
tWLQZ
tAVAV
VALID
tAVWH
tWLWH
tDVWH
tWHAX
tWHQX
tWHDX
DATA INPUT
AI02386
9/14
M48T512Y, M48T512V
Figure 9. Chip Enable Controlled, Write AC Waveforms
tAVAV
A0-A18
tAVEL
E
tAVWL
W
DQ0-DQ7
Assuming that the oscillator is running at exactly
32,768Hz, each of the 31 increments in the Cali-
bration byte would represent +1 0.7 or –5.35 seconds per month which corresponds to a total range
of +5.5 or –2.75 minutes pe r month. Figure 10 illustrate s a TIMEKEEPER calibrati o n wavefor m.
One method for ascertaining how much calibration
a given M48T512Y/V may require involves setting
the clock, letting it run for a month and compa ring
it to a known accurate reference and recording deviation over a fixed period of time.
Calibration values, including the number of seconds lost or gained in a given period, can be found
in STMicroelectronics Application Note: TIMEKEEPER CALI BRATION. T his all ows the d esigner
to give the end user the ability to calibrate the
clock as the environment requires, even if the f inal
product is packaged in a non-user serviceable enclosure. The designer could provide a simple utility
that accesses the Calibration bi ts. Fo r m ore in formation on calibration, see Application Note (TIMEKEEPER CALIBRATION) on the ST Web Site .
VALID
tAVEH
tELEH
DATA INPUT
tDVWH
tEHAX
tWHDX
POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING
and UNDERSHOOT PROTECTION
Note: I
transients, including those produced by
CC
output switching, can produce voltage fluctuations, resulting in spikes on the V
transients can be reduced if capacitors are used to
store energy, which stabilizes the V
energy stored in the bypass c apacitors will be released as low going spikes are generated or energy will be absorbed when overshoots occur. A
ceramic bypass capacitor value of 0.1µF is recommended in order to provide the needed filtering. In
addition to transients that are caused by normal
SRAM operation, power cycling can generate negative voltage spikes on V
below V
by as much as one volt. These negative
SS
that drive it to values
CC
spikes can cause data corruption in the SRAM
while in battery backup mode. To protect from
these voltage spikes, ST recommends connecting
a schottky diode from V
nected to V
, anode to VSS). (Schottky diode
CC
to VSS (cathode con-
CC
1N5817 is recommended for through hole and
MBRS120T3 is recommended for surface mount).
R = READ Bit
W = WRITE Bit
ST = STOP Bit
0 = Must be set to zero
Function/Rang e
BCD Format
Figure 10. Cal ib rat i on Waveform
NORMAL
POSITIVE
CALIBRATION
NEGATIVE
CALIBRATION
AI00594B
11/14
M48T512Y, M48T512V
Table 12. Ordering Information Scheme
Example: M48T512Y-70 PM 1
Device Type
M48T
Supply Voltage and Write Protect Voltage
512Y = V
512V = V
Speed
-70 = 70ns
-85 = 85 ns
Package
PM = PMDIP32
Temperature Range
1 = 0 to 70 °C
= 4.5V to 5.5V; V
CC
= 3.0V to 3.6V; V
CC
= 4.2V to 4.5V
PFD
= 2.7V to 3.0V
PFD
For a list of available options (Speed, Pac kage, etc...) or for furthe r information on any aspect of this device, please contact the ST Sales Office nearest to you.
Information furnished is believed to be accurate an d rel i able. However, STMicroelectro ni cs assumes no responsibility for the consequen ces
of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted
by implic ation or otherwise under any patent or patent ri ghts of STM i croelectr onics. Sp ecifications mentioned in thi s publication are subject
to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics product s are not
authorized for use as cri tical comp onents in lif e support devi ces or systems without express written approv al of STMicroel ectronics.
The ST log o i s registered trademark of STMicroelectronics
1999 STMicroel e ctronics - All Ri ghts Rese rved
All other names are the property of their respective ow ners.
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14/14
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