Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the
works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions
of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General
Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your
programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure
that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or
can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do
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To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore,
you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of
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For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
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Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this
License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers’ and authors’ protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users’
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Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modied versions of the software inside them, although the
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The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modication follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0.
Denitions.
“This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.
“The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as “you”. “Licensees”
and “recipients” may be individuals or organizations.
To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than
the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a “modied version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the
earlier work.
A “covered work” means either the unmodied Program or a work based on the Program.
To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable
for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation
includes copying, distribution (with or without modication), making available to the public, and in some countries other
activities as well.
To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with
a user through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal Notices” to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently
visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work
(except to the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this License, and how to view a
copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list
meets this criterion.
1.
Source Code.
The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modications to it. “Object code” means any
non-source
form of a work.
A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an ofcial standard dened by a recognized standards body, or, in the
case of interfaces specied for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among developers working in that
language.
The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the
normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable
use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to
the public in source code form. A “Major Component”, in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window
system, and so on) of the specic operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce
the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an
executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not
include the work’s System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodied
in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes interface
denition les associated with source les for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked
subprograms that the work is specically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control ow between
those subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the
Corresponding Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.
2.
Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the
stated conditions are met. This License explicitly afrms your unlimited permission to run the unmodied Program. The output
from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work.
This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law. You may make, run and
propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You
may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modications exclusively for you, or provide
you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material
for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on
your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material
outside their relationship with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed;
section 10 makes it unnecessary.
3
. Protecting Users’ Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fullling obligations
under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting
circumvention of such measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent
such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any
intention to limit operation or modication of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work’
legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this
License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence
of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a
fee.
5
. Conveying Modied Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code
under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modied it, and giving a relevant date.
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b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under
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section 7. This requirement modies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all notices”.
s users, your or third parties’
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
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License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its
parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it
does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has
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interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of
the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or
legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate
does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
6.
Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied
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by the Corresponding Source xed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied
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by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that
product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the
software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software
interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2)
access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
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alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer,
in accord with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent
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access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require
recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network
server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent
copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to nd the Corresponding
Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for
as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and
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Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d. A separable
portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not
be included in conveying the object code work.
A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for
personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining
whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product
received by a particular user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the
status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the
product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-
consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only signicant mode of use of the product.
“Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required
to install and execute modied versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modied version of its Corresponding
Source. The information must sufce to ensure that the continued functioning of the modied object code is in no case
prevented or interfered with solely because modication has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying
occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in
perpetuity or for a xed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under
this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any
third party retains the ability to install modied object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in
ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service,
warranty, or updates for a work that has been modied or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has
been modied or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modication itself materially and adversely affects the
operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is
publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special
password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
7.
Additional Terms.
“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its
conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in
this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program,
that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without
regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or
from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the
work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give
appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the
copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
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b) Requiring preservation of specied reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the
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Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
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c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modied versions of such material be
marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
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d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or
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e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
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f) Requiring indemnication of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modied
versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions
directly impose on those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program
as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a
further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or
conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document,
provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source les, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those les, or a notice indicating where to nd the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as
exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.
8.
Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to
propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses
granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and nally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder noties you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the rst time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work)
from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from
you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new
licenses for the same material under section 10.
9.
Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered
work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require
acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These
actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you
indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10.
Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify
and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this
License.
An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing
an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party
to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party’s predecessor in
interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work
from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or afrmed under this License. For example,
you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not
initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making,
using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
1
1. Patents.
A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is
based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor version”.
A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired
or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its
contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modication of the
contributor version. For purposes of this denition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License.
Appropriate
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