Planet IRT-1001, IRT-1002 User Manual

Copyright Statement

Copyright ©1997 PLANET Corporation
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any

means or used to make any derivative such as translation,
transformation, or adaptation without permission from PLANET
Technology Corporation.

Trademarks

This guide and the accompanying product are each provided “as is,”
without warranty as to their performance, merchantability or fitness for
any particular purpose. PLANET Technical Corporation reserve the
right to revise this publication and to make changes to its contents at
any time, without obligation to notify any person or entity of such
revisions or changes.

Reversion

This guide is used for PLANET ISDN Router, IRT-1000 sreies:

Model: IRT-1001ST, IRT-1002ST,

IRT-1001U, IRT-1002U
Reversion: 1.0 (April, 1998)
Part No.: EMIRT1000

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................1

FEATURES.....................................................................................................1

Ease of Installation................................................................................... 2

ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI)...............................................................2

ISDN Leased Line.....................................................................................2

Multiple Networking Protocol Support......................................................3

Dial On Demand.......................................................................................3

Bandwidth On Demand .............................................................................3

Full Network Management........................................................................ 3

RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service).............................4

PPP Security ............................................................................................. 4

MS (Microsoft) CHAP...............................................................................4

RIP-1/RIP-2..............................................................................................4

DHCP Support (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ...........................5

Call Control.............................................................................................. 5

Data Compression.....................................................................................5

Networking Compatibility ......................................................................... 5

APPLICATIONS FOR YOUR IRT-1001 OR IRT-1002.........................................5

Internet Access..........................................................................................5

Internet Single User Account (SUA).......................................................... 6

Multiprotocol LAN-to-LAN Connection.....................................................6

Telecommuting Server...............................................................................6

WHAT THIS MANUAL COVERS ....................................................................... 6

WHAT THIS MANUAL DOESN’T COVER...........................................................7

OTHER RESOURCES ....................................................................................... 7

PACKING LIST ...............................................................................................8

ADDITIONAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS..................................................8

BEFORE YOU BEGIN.................................................................................9

ROAD MAP AND FLOW...................................................................................9

COMPLETING THE WORKSHEET....................................................................10

Ordering Your ISDN Line .......................................................................11

Collecting General Setup Information ..................................................... 11

Collecting ISDN Phone Line Information................................................12

Collecting Ethernet Setup Information.................................................... 13

INSTALLATION........................................................................................19

A WARNING ON CONNECTION CABLES ........................................................ 19

CONNECTING YOUR COMPUTER AND YOUR IRT-1001 OR IRT-1002 ............. 20

Connecting the RS-232 Cable to the Router............................................20

Connecting an ISDN Line to the Router .................................................. 20

Connecting an Ethernet Cable to the Router........................................... 21

Connecting a Power Adapter to the Router ............................................. 21

THE YOUR IRT-1001 OR IRT-1002’S FRONT PANEL.....................................21

POWERING UP YOUR IRT-1001 OR IRT-1002............................................... 22

NAVIGATING THROUGH THE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT TERMINAL (SMT)

INTERFACE.................................................................................................. 23

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT TERMINAL INTERFACE SUMMARY.............................25

GENERAL SETUP.......................................................................................... 25

ISDN SETUP............................................................................................... 27

North American ISDN............................................................................. 27

DSS1 & 1TR6 ISDN ................................................................................ 28

ETHERNET SETUP........................................................................................30

General Ethernet Setup...........................................................................30

TCP/IP Ethernet Setup and DHCP..........................................................31

Novell IPX Ethernet Setup ......................................................................34

Bridge Ethernet Setup............................................................................. 34

CONFIGURING FOR INTERNET ACCESS ............................................ 35

iv

IP ADDRESSES AND THE INTERNET............................................................... 35

INTERNET ACCESS CONFIGURATION.............................................................37

SINGLE USER ACCOUNT............................................................................... 39

CONFIGURATION FOR SINGLE USER ACCOUNT ..............................................41

CONFIGURING BACKUP ISP ACCOUNTS ........................................................42

REMOTE NODE CONFIGURATION......................................................43

BANDWIDTH ON DEMAND............................................................................48

EDITING PPP OPTIONS ................................................................................ 50

DIAL-IN CONFIGURATION .................................................................... 53

TELECOMMUTING........................................................................................ 54

DIAL-IN SERVER APPLICATION.....................................................................54

PLANET ISDN Router

DEFAULT DIAL-IN SETUP.............................................................................55

DIAL-IN USERS SETUP ................................................................................. 59

More on CLID.........................................................................................61

TCP/IP CONFIGURATION.......................................................................63

IP SUBNET MASK........................................................................................ 63

LAN-TO-LAN APPLICATION....................................................................... 64

Remote Node Setup................................................................................. 64

Static Route Setup...................................................................................67

NOVELL IPX CONFIGURATION............................................................ 71

IPX NETWORK ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................71

Frame Type............................................................................................. 71

Network Numbers.................................................................................... 71

IRT-1002 ON LAN WITH SERVER................................................................ 72

IRT-1002 ON LAN WITHOUT SERVER..........................................................72

IPX SPOOFING ............................................................................................72

IPX ETHERNET SETUP.................................................................................73

LAN-TO-LAN APPLICATION....................................................................... 74

Remote Node Setup................................................................................. 75

STATIC ROUTE SETUP..................................................................................77

BRIDGING CONFIGURATION................................................................81

IPX SPOOFING ............................................................................................81

BRIDGE ETHERNET SETUP............................................................................81

LAN-TO-LAN APPLICATION....................................................................... 83

Remote Node Setup................................................................................. 83

Default Dial-In Setup for Bridge............................................................. 84

Bridge Static Route Setup .......................................................................85

FILTER CONFIGURATION.....................................................................87

ABOUT FILTERING....................................................................................... 87

IRT-1000’S FILTER STRUCTURE ..................................................................88

CONFIGURING A FILTER SET ........................................................................88

CONFIGURING A FILTER RULE...................................................................... 91

TCP/IP Filter Rule..................................................................................91

Generic Filter Rule................................................................................. 95

Novell IPX Filter Rule ............................................................................97

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SNMP...........................................................................................................99

ABOUT SNMP ............................................................................................99

CONFIGURING YOUR IRT-1002 FOR SNMP SUPPORT...................................99

SYSTEM SECURITY............................................................................... 103

CONFIGURING THE SMT PASSWORD .......................................................... 104

USING RADIUS AUTHENTICATION............................................................ 105

Installing a RADIUS Server .................................................................. 105

Configuring the IRT-1002 for RADIUS Authentication.......................... 106

Adding Users to the RADIUS Database................................................. 107

Using RADIUS Authentication for CLID............................................... 108

TELNET CONFIGURATION AND CAPABILITIES................................109

ABOUT TELNET CONFIGURATION............................................................... 109

TELNET CAPABILITIES ............................................................................... 110

Single Administrator............................................................................. 110

System Timeout..................................................................................... 110

SYSTEM MAINTENANCE......................................................................111

SYSTEM STATUS........................................................................................ 111

TERMINAL BAUD RATE.............................................................................. 114

LOG AND TRACE........................................................................................ 115

View Error Log ..................................................................................... 116

Syslog And Accounting.......................................................................... 116

DIAGNOSTIC ............................................................................................. 117

BACKUP CONFIGURATION.......................................................................... 120

RESTORE CONFIGURATION......................................................................... 121

SOFTWARE UPDATE...................................................................................121

COMMAND INTERPRETER MODE................................................................. 122

CALL CONTROL......................................................................................... 122

Call Control Parameters....................................................................... 123

Blacklist................................................................................................ 124

Budget Management ............................................................................. 124

Call History.......................................................................................... 125

vi

TROUBLESHOOTING............................................................................127

PROBLEMS STARTING UP THE YOUR IRT-1001 OR IRT-1002...................... 127

None of the LEDs are on when you power up the router........................ 127

PLANET ISDN Router

Connecting the RS-232 cable, cannot access the SMT ........................... 127

PROBLEMS WITH THE ISDN LINE .............................................................. 128

The ISDN initialization failed................................................................ 128

The ISDN loopback test failed ............................................................... 128

PROBLEMS WITH THE LAN INTERFACE....................................................... 129

Can’t PING any station on the LAN...................................................... 129

PROBLEMS CONNECTING TO A REMOTE NODE OR ISP ................................. 129

PROBLEMS CONNECTING TO A REMOTE USER ............................................. 130

ISDN SWITCH TYPES ............................................................................131

PROVISIONING FOR U.S. SWITCHES............................................................ 131

Provisioning For the AT&T 5ESS Switches ........................................... 131

Provisioning For the Northern Telecom Switch..................................... 133

GLOSSARY .............................................................................................. 135

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

vii

Introduction

Congratulations on your purchase of a PLANET IRT-1000 series
Remote Access Router. In a modem-sized box, your router offers
inexpensive yet complete telecommunications and Internetworking
solutions for your home or branch office. It is ideal for everything from
Internet browsing to receiving calls from Remote Dial-in Users and
making LAN-to-LAN connections to Remote Nodes.

Distinguishing features of the IRT-1000 series include support for a full
range of networking protocols such as TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol, also known as IP), Novell IPX (Internet
Packet Exchange), and Transparent Bridging.

♦ IRT-1001ST: ISDN S/T interface, IP routing
♦ IRT-1001U : ISDN U interface, IP routing
♦ IRT-1002ST: ISDN S/T interface, IP/IPX routing, bridging
♦ IRT-1002U : ISDN U interface, IP/IPX routing, bridging

This complete solution also includes Remote Dial-in User support, an
Internet Single User Account (Network Address Translation) option,
extensive Network Management, and solid security features.

NOTE: Throughout the remainder of this manual, the term “IRT-

1001” refers to any IRT-1001ST or IRT-1001U, and the
term “IRT-1002” refers to any IRT-1002ST or IRT-1002U.

Features

Each IRT-1000 series router is packed with features that give it the
flexibility to provide a complete networking solution for almost any user.

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

1

Ease of Installation

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 is a self-contained unit that is quick and
easy to install. Physically, it resembles an external modem except for
the fact that it is a router and uses an Ethernet cable to connect to the
host network.

ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI)

Using a standard S/T or U Interface (the IRT-1001ST and IRT-1002ST
use the S/T interface, while the IRT-1001U and IRT-1002U use the U
interface) the IRT-1001ST and IRT-1002ST support a full range of
switch types. The switch type depends on the CO (Central Office) switch
your ISDN line is connected to. See the ISDN Switch Types chapter for
more information on North American, European, and Asian ISDN
firmware and switch types supported by these routers.

The two B-channels can be used independently for two destinations. Or
they can be bundled for one connection to support bandwidth-on­demand.

ISDN Leased Line

If the router is set up for an ISDN leased line (that is, if any option but
"Switch/Switch" or "Switch/Unused" is selected for the B Channel [Usage
control] in setup menu 2, [ISDN Setup], and the [Transfer Type control]
is set to Leased in either setup menu 4, [Internet Access Setup], or
setup menu 11.1, [Remote Node Profile]), the router will automatically
initialize the leased-line connection each time it is powered up or setup
menu 2, 4, or 11.1 is saved.

The IRT-1001ST and IRT-1002ST implement the PPP echo mechanism
for verifying ISDN leased line status. The setting of the Idle Timeout
control in setup menu 11.1 will be used as the interval between two
LCP_Echo_Req messages. It is supposed that there exists an echo
reply corresponding to an echo request. Whenever an echo request is
sent, the counter will be incremented by one.

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The send counter will be reset to zero after an echo response is
received. The leased-line error recovery mechanism will be triggered
after the send counter reaches 4. If the Idle Timeout control is set to
zero, the PPP echo mechanism will not be used.

Multiple Networking Protocol Support

The IRT-1002 is a multi-protocol router. It supports TCP/IP, Novell IPX,
and Transparent Bridging.

Dial On Demand

The Dial On Demand feature allows a IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 to
automatically place a call to a Remote Node whenever there is traffic
coming from any workstation on the LAN to that remote site.

Bandwidth On Demand

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 supports bandwidth up to 128 Kbps over a
single ISDN BRI line. It incorporates PPP/MP (Point-to-Point
Protocol/Multilink Protocol) to bundle two B channels over a BRI line. In
addition, the router dynamically allocates bandwidth between the two B
channels, increasing or decreasing bandwidth as needed to allow for
greater efficiency in data transfer. It supports BAP (Bandwidth Allocation
Protocol) and BACP (Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol) to manage
the number of links in multilink bundle.

Full Network Management

The IRT-1002ST incorporates SNMP (Simple Network Management
Protocol) support and menu-driven network management via an RS-232
or Telnet connection. In addition, both the IRT-1001ST and the IRT­1002ST offer the Call Detail Record (CDR) function to help you analyze
and manage your telephone bill.

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RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service)

The RADIUS feature allows you to use a central external Unix-based
server to support thousands of users (IRT-1002ST only).

PPP Security

The IRT-1001 and IRT-1002 support PAP (Password Authentication
Protocol) and CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).

MS (Microsoft) CHAP

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 and a Microsoft Windows 95 or Windows NT
server can authenticate each other using Microsoft’ s proprietary CHAP
algorithm. No special setup is needed to support MS CHAP. Everything
is done through PPP negotiation between the router and the server.

RIP-1/RIP-2

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 supports both RIP-1 and RIP-2 (Routing
Information Protocol versions 1 and 2) exchanges with other routers.
RIP version controls in setup menus 3.2 (TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet
Setup) and 11.3 (Remote Node Network Layer Options) let you control
RIP use, and offer the following version options: RIP-1 (accept and send
RIP-1 messages only), RIP-2B (accept RIP-1 and RIP-2 messages, both
broadcast and multicast, and send RIP-2 messages in broadcast
format), and RIP-2M (accept RIP-1 and RIP-2 messages, both
broadcast and multicast, and send RIP-2 messages in multicast format).

(The suggested choice in both menus is RIP-2B, except in environments
where there are routers that do not understand RIP-2 packets at all.
“Broadcast,” above, means a destination MAC or IP host address
consisting of all binary ones; “multicast” means a MAC address of
01:00:5E:00:00:09 hex or an IP destination address of 224.0.0.9.)

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PLANET ISDN Router

DHCP Support (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) allows you to dynamically
and automatically assign IP address settings to hosts on your network.

Call Control

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 provides budget management for outgoing
calls and maintains a “blacklist” of unreachable phone numbers in order
to save you the expense of unnecessary charges.

Data Compression

The IRT-1001 and IRT-1002 incorporate Stac data compression and
CCP (Compression Control Protocol).

Networking Compatibility

The IRT-1001 and IRT-1002 are compatible with remote access
products from other companies such as Ascend, Cisco, and 3Com.
Furthermore, they support Microsoft Windows 95 and Windows NT
remote access capability.

Applications For Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002

Some applications for the IRT-1001 and IRT-1002 include:

Internet Access

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 supports the TCP/IP protocol, which is the
language used for the Internet. It is also compatible with access servers
manufactured by major vendors such as Cisco and Ascend.

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

5

Internet Single User Account (SUA)

For small office environments, the IRT-1001 and IRT-1002 offer a
Single User Internet Account (also known as a Network Address
Translator, or NAT) from an ISP (Internet Service Provider). This allows
multiple users on the LAN (Local Area Network) to access the Internet
concurrently for the cost of a single user.

Single User Account address mapping can also be used for LAN to LAN
connections.

Multiprotocol LAN-to-LAN Connection

The IRT-1001 and IRT-1002 can dial to or answer calls from another
remote access router connected to a different network. The IRT-1002
supports TCP/IP and Novell IPX, and has the capability to bridge any
Ethernet protocol.

Telecommuting Server

The IRT-1001 and IRT-1002 allow Remote Dial-in Users to dial in and
gain access to your LAN. This feature enables users that have
workstations with remote access capabilities, e.g., Windows 95, to dial in
using an ISDN terminal adapter (TA) to access the network resources
without physically being in the office.

What This Manual Covers

This manual is divided into five parts.

1. Part One—Getting Started—is structured as a step-by-step guide

to help you connect, install, and set up your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002
to operate on your LAN.

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PLANET ISDN Router

2. Part Two — The Internet—describes how to configure the router

to connect to the Internet.

3. Part Three — Setting Up Advanced Applications—describes

how to use the router for more advanced applications, such as
TCP/IP routing and Bridging.

4. Part Four — Advanced Management —provides information on

advanced management features for network managers.

5. Part Five — System Maintenance —describes maintenance

features for checking system status and logging errors.

Regardless of the application, it is important that you follow the steps
outlined in Part One to correctly connect your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 to
your LAN. You can then refer to other chapters of the manual depending
on which applications you wish to use.

What This Manual Doesn’ t Cover

This manual assumes that you know how to use your computer and are
familiar with your communications software. If you have questions about
using either one, refer to the manual for the product.

Other Resources

For more information about your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 check the
following sources:

♦ Quick Start Guide.
♦ Support disk.

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

7

Packing List

Before you proceed further, check all items you received with your IRT­1001 or IRT-1002 against this list to make sure nothing is missing. The
complete package should include:

♦ One IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 ISDN router.
♦ One power adapter.
♦ One RS-232 cable.
♦ One LAN straight cable.
♦ One Support Disk.
♦ This User’ s Guide.

Additional Installation Requirements

In addition to the contents of your package, there are other hardware
and software requirements you need before you can install and use your
router. These requirements include:

♦ An ISDN telephone line.
♦ An Ethernet connection to your computer.
♦ A computer equipped with an RS-232 port and communications

software configured to the following parameters:

◊ VT100 terminal emulation.
◊ 9600 Baud rate.
◊ No parity, 8 Data bits, 1 Stop bit.

After the router has been successfully connected to your network, you
can make future changes to the configuration using a Telnet client
application.

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PLANET ISDN Router

Before You Begin

To ensure successful installation of your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002, we
strongly recommend that you carefully follow the steps outlined in
the next two chapters. These chapters are designed as a guide for you

to collect the necessary information about your ISDN phone line and the
LAN that you will be connected to. Once this information has been
collected, it will be used to configure your router.

After you have successfully configured your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002, see
the appropriate chapters to set up your applications. For Internet
Access, see the Configuring for Internet Access chapter starting on page

35.

Road Map and Flow

The chart below is provided as a step by step guide to successfully
installing your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002.

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

9

Completing the Worksheet

Before you continue, locate the worksheet at the end of this chapter.
This information worksheet has been provided to help you get through
setup and installation of your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 as easily as
possible.

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PLANET ISDN Router

Ordering Your ISDN Line

If you do not have the ISDN line installed already, we suggest that you
order it from your telephone company as soon as possible to avoid the
long waiting period common when ordering a new line. Use the
information in this section to place the order (see the ISDN Switch
Types chapter for information on provisioning your ISDN line). If you
have already installed your ISDN line, you can check the following
section to make sure that you can use all the features of your IRT-1001
or IRT-1002.

1. Contact your local telephone company’ s ISDN Ordering Center.

2. Find out what type of ISDN service is available. Refer to the ISDN

Switch Types chapter to find out the provisioning information for
the appropriate switch type and ISDN service. For the U.S., the
IRT-1001U and IRT-1002U (U Interface) have been approved by
Bellcore and have IOC (ISDN Ordering Code) “S” Capability, EZ­ISDN 1.

3. Provide your telephone company with the proper provisioning

information.

4. When the telephone company installs your ISDN line, be sure to

obtain the following information:

◊ ISDN switch type.
◊ ISDN telephone number(s).
◊ ISDN Service Profile Identifier (SPID) number(s) (only for

North America).

Collecting General Setup Information

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 requires the following system information.
You can obtain all the pertinent information from your network
administrator. Record this information into the worksheet as it becomes
available. This worksheet will later be referred to as you configure your
router.

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

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♦ System Name—This is the name given to the router for

identification purposes. This name should be no more than 8
alphanumeric characters. Spaces are not allowed, but “-” and “_”
are accepted. This name can be obtained remotely via the SNMP
management protocol and will be displayed as the prompt when
the user enters Command Interpreter Mode.

♦ Route IP Field—For Internet access, you will need to enable the

Route IP Field. See the Configuring for Internet Access chapter
starting on page 35 for more details on configuring your router for
Internet access. To support Novell IPX, or Bridging, enable the
appropriate protocol and reference the related chapters for
detailed information.

You have now collected all of the general setup information you need.
Make sure that you have entered all the values onto the worksheet
before proceeding to the next section.

Collecting ISDN Phone Line Information

After you have successfully installed the ISDN phone line or if you
already have one installed, you need to use the ISDN line information to
complete the worksheet and configure your router. Your telephone
company can give you the following information to configure the Your
IRT-1001 or IRT-1002:

12

Switch Type Geography No. of Phone #s No. of SPIDs

AT&T 5ESS NI-1 North America 2 2
AT&T 5ESS Point to Point North America 1 0
AT&T 5ESS Multipoint North America 2 2
Northern Telecom NI-1 North America 2 2
Northern Telecom Custom North America 2 2
DSS1 Europe, Asia 2 N/A
1TR6 Germany 2 N/A

♦ Switch Type—This is the type of switch used by your telephone

company. Check with your telephone company and choose the
appropriate option on the worksheet. For North America, select
your ISDN switch type. For DSS1 and 1TR6, verify this field to
make sure that you have the proper firmware loaded.

PLANET ISDN Router

♦ B Channel Usage—Determine which connection is appropriate

for your B channel and check the corresponding option on the
worksheet.

If your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 is the only device using the ISDN line,

configure B Channel Usage to Switch/Switch so the router device
will use both B channels to communicate. If the router is sharing the
ISDN line with other devices, configure B Channel Usage to
Switch/Unused. If your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 is on a leased line,
configure B channel usage to Leased/Leased or Leased/Switch,
depending on the setting of the line.

♦ Telephone Number(s)—Record on the worksheet the telephone

number(s) given to you by your ISDN provider. Some switch types
only have one telephone number. These phone numbers should
be in a standard digit format (for example, 5551212). Note that
these fields will only accept digits, so dash "—" and spaces will
not be accepted.

♦ SPID Number(s)—(For North America only) The SPID (Service

Profile Identifier) is a number used by a central office switch for
identification purposes. With the switch information, see the
previous table for the number of SPIDs you must enter.

You have now collected all of the necessary information about your
ISDN phone line. Make sure that these values are entered into your
worksheet before you continue to the next section. For DSS1 and 1TR6
ISDN, refer to the install chapter starting on page 18.

Collecting Ethernet Setup Information

This section assumes that you are setting up your router for a TCP/IP
connection. If you want to configure the system for other protocols (e.g.,
IPX), refer to the appropriate chapters.

♦ Ethernet Interface—Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 is equipped with

an NWay auto-sensing 10/100-Mbps port. Just plug in the cable,
and the router will automatically determine the network speed (10
Mbps or 100 Mbps) and mode (full or half duplex) based on the
capability and configuration of the attached device.

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♦ IP Address—An IP Address is required for TCP/IP protocol. The

IP Address is a unique 32-bit number assigned to your router. It is
written in dotted decimal notation (four 8-bit numbers, between 0
and 255, separated by periods), e.g., 192.68.203.5.

Record the IP Address into the worksheet as assigned by your

network administrator. Note that every machine on a TCP/IP network
(the global Internet, for example) must have a unique IP address; do
not assign an arbitrary address to any machine.

♦ IP Sub-net Mask—This field is required for TCP/IP protocol. An

IP address consists of two parts, the network ID and the host ID.
The IP Subnet Mask is used to specify the network ID portion of
the address, expressed in dotted decimal notation. Your IRT-1001
or IRT-1002 will automatically calculate this mask based on the IP
address that you assign. Unless you have special need for
subnetting, use the default mask as calculated by the router.

The table below lists some examples of IP subnet masks and the
number of hosts that are allowed. Consult your network administrator if
you are unsure of this value.

IP Subnet Mask Number of Host IDs Number of Bits

255.255.255.0 254 24

255.255.255.128 126 25

255.255.255.192 62 26

255.255.255.224 30 27

255.255.255.255 1 32

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IRT-1001/IRT-1002 Setup and Installation Worksheet

General Setup Information

♦ System Name (for identification purposes):

_______________________________________
♦ Protocol(s):
___TCP/IP
___IPX (IRT-1002ST only)
___Bridging (IRT-1002ST only)

ISDN Setup Information

♦ Switch Type (check one):
___AT&T 5ESS NI-1
___AT&T Point to Point
___AT&T 5ESS Multipoint
___Northern Telecom NI-1
___Northern Telecom Custom
___DSS1
___1TR6
♦ B-Channel Usage (check one):
___Switch/Switch
___Switch/Leased
___Leased/Switch
___Leased/Unused
___Unused/Leased
___Leased/Leased
___Leased128

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___Switch/Unused

North American ISDN

♦ 1st Telephone Number:

_______________________________________
♦ 1st SPID Number:

_______________________________________
♦ 2nd Telephone Number:

_______________________________________
♦ 2nd SPID Number:

_______________________________________

DSS1 ISDN

♦ ISDN Data Number & Subaddress:

_______________________________________
♦ Outside Line Prefix Number:

_______________________________________
♦ PBX Number (S/T Bus Number):

_______________________________________
♦ Incoming Number Matching:

16

___MSN
___Calling Party Subaddress
___Don’ t Care

1TR6 ISDN:

♦ ISDN Data Number:

_______________________________________
♦ Outside Line Prefix Number:

_______________________________________
♦ PBX Number (S/T Bus Number):

_______________________________________
♦ Incoming Number Matching:

PLANET ISDN Router

___EAZ
___Don’ t Care

Ethernet Setup Information

♦ IP Address:
_______._______._______._______
♦ IP Subnet Mask:
_______._______._______._______

Notes:

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17

This Page was deliberately left blank.

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PLANET ISDN Router

Installation

This chapter outlines how to connect your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 to your
LAN and ISDN line. Refer to the diagram below to identify all of the
ports on your device when you make connections.

A Warning On Connection Cables

The RS-232, ISDN line, and Ethernet cable, are very similar to each
other. It is important that you use the correct cable for each connection;
otherwise, your router could be damaged.

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

19

Connecting Your Computer and Your IRT-1001 or IRT­1002

For the initial setup of your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002, you must use RS-232
and communications software.

After the router has been successfully installed, you can modify the
configuration through a remote Telnet connection. See the Telnet
Configuration and Capabilities chapter for detailed instructions on using
Telnet to configure your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002.

Connecting the RS-232 Cable to the Router

An RS-232 cable is included in your package. To connect this cable,
connect the 9-pin end of the cable to the DCE port on the router’ s back
panel. Connect the other end to the RS-232 cable connected to the
serial port (COM1, COM2, or any other COM port) of your computer.

Connecting an ISDN Line to the Router

Plug one end of your ISDN phone line into the socket on the rear panel
of the router labeled ISDN and the other end into the ISDN wall jack.

20

♦ S/T interface—This can only connect to your NT-1 (Network

Termination) device.

NOTE: Do not under any circumstances connect directly to the

ISDN wall jack.

♦ U interface—This allows you to connect directly to your ISDN

wall jack.

PLANET ISDN Router

NOTE: The ISDN jack is for ISDN line connection only.

Connection of a phone line may result in damage to your
IRT-1000 product.

Connecting an Ethernet Cable to the Router

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 is equipped with an RJ-45 jack for
connection to a 10BASE-T Ethernet or 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet hub
or switch via a standard straight-through twisted-pair cable.

Connecting a Power Adapter to the Router

Plug a 12V DC, 500 mA power adapter into the jack on the router’ s side
panel labeled POWER

At this point, you should have connected the RS-232 cable, the ISDN
phone line, the Ethernet cable, and the power supply. You can now
power up your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002.

The Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002’ s Front Panel

Names and descriptions of your router’ s front panel LEDs are given
below:

POWER—Comes on as soon as you connect the router to the power
supply.

STATUS—Should be blinking if the router is functioning properly.

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

21

ISDN: LINK—Indicates that the router has an ISDN line connected to
the WAN interface and it has been successfully initialized.

ISDN: B1 and B2—On if there is an active WAN session on that
channel or if that channel is making or receiving a call.

LAN: 10/100—When you connect a network cable to the Your IRT-1001
or IRT-1002, the router will automatically detect the network speed. The
10/100 LED will light up if the LAN is operating at 100 Mbps.

LAN: Link/Act—When the LAN connection is ready but idle, the
Link/Act LED will shine steadily. When data are being transmitted or
received, this LED will blink off and on.

LAN: FDX/COL—The FDX/COL LED will shine green when the LAN
connection uses full-duplex signaling. It will flash yellow when the router
and another device on the LAN transmit at the same time. Occasional
collisions are normal. If collisions are too frequent, the LAN must be
reconfigured to reduce traffic loads.

Powering Up Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002

When you power up your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002, the router will perform
several internal tests and do an ISDN line initialization. After ISDN line
initialization, the router will ask you to press ENTER to continue.

22

When you press ENTER, the router will display a login screen and ask
you to enter the password, as shown below:

PLANET ISDN Router

Enter the default password, 1234, to get into the Main Menu of the
System Management Terminal (SMT). Note that once you are in the
SMT and if there is no activity for more than 5 minutes, the router will
automatically log you out and display a blank screen. If you see a blank
screen, press ENTER to bring up the password screen.

Navigating Through the System Management Terminal
(SMT) Interface

The SMT is the interface that you use to configure your IRT-1001 or
IRT-1002. Several operations that you should be familiar with before
you attempt to modify the configuration of your router are listed below:

♦ Moving Forward to Another Menu. To move forward to a sub-

menu below the current one, type in the number of the sub-menu

and press ENTER.
♦ Moving Backward to a Previous Menu. Press the Escape key

to move back to the previous menu.
♦ Moving the Cursor. Within a menu, press ENTER (carriage

return) to move to the next field. You can also use the Up and

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

23

Down keys to move to the previous and the next field,

PLANET Technology Corp.

respectively.
♦ Entering Information. There are two types of fields that you will

need to fill in. The first requires you to type in the appropriate

information. The second gives you choices to choose from. In the

second case, press the space bar to cycle through the available

choices.
♦ Required Fields. Some of the fields in the SMT are essential in

order to configure the Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002. These fields

will initially show question marks, indicating that the information

must be filled in before that menu can be saved.
♦ N/A Fields. Some of the fields in the SMT will show a N/A. This

symbol refers to an option that is not available or not applicable.
♦ Saving Your Configuration. You can save your configuration by

pressing ENTER at the message ‘ Press ENTER to confirm or

ESC to cancel’ . Saving the data on the screen will take you in

most cases to the previous menu.
The SMT main menu is shown below:

IRT-1002 Main Menu
Getting Started Advanced Management

1. General Setup 21. Filter Set Configuration

2. ISDN Setup 22. SNMP Configuration

3. Ethernet Setup 23. System Security

4. Internet Access Setup 24. System Maintenance
Advanced Applications

11. Remote Node Setup

12. Static Routing Setup

13. Default Dial-in Setup

14. Dial-in User Setup 99. Exit

24

PLANET ISDN Router

System Management Terminal Interface Summary

This section summarizes all major SMT Menus:

#

Menu Title Description

1 General Setup Set up general information and enable routing or bridging

2 ISDN Setup Set up ISDN configuration
3 Ethernet Setup Set up Ethernet configuration
4 Internet Access Setup A quick and easy way to setup Internet connection
11 Remote Node Setup Set up Remote Node for LAN-to-LAN connection

12 Static Routing Setup Set up static routes for different protocols. Up to four static

13 Default Dial-in Setup Set up default dial-in parameters such that your IRT-1001

14 Dial-in User Setup Set up Remote Dial-in User. Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002

21 Filter Set Configuration Set up filters to be used in Menu 3 and Menu 11 to provide

22 SNMP Configuration Set up SNMP-related parameters (IRT-1002ST only)
23 System Security Set up security related parameters
24 System Maintenance Provide system status, diagnostics, firmware upload, etc.
99 Exit To exit from SMT and return to the blank screen

of specific protocols

including Internet connection. A Your IRT-1001 or IRT­1002 can have up to four Remote Nodes.

routes can be set for each protocol.

or IRT-1002 can be a dial-in server for the Remote Node
and Remote Dial-in User.

can directly support up to eight Remote Dial-in Users.

security, call control, etc.

General Setup

This menu contains administrative and system-related information.
Enter 1 in the main menu to go to Menu 1—General Setup.

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25

1. System Name—Give the router a descriptive name for

identification purposes, e.g., ABCD. This name should be no

more than 8 alphanumeric characters. Spaces are not allowed,

but “-” and “_” are accepted. This name can be retrieved

remotely via SNMP, used for CHAP authentication, and will be

displayed as the prompt in command interpreter mode. See the

Dial-In Configuration chapter starting on page 53 for more

information on CHAP; see the System Maintenance chapter

starting on page 111 for more information on command

interpreter mode.

2. Location—Enter the geographic location (up to 31 characters) of

your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002, e.g., San Jose.

3. Contact Person’ s Name—Enter the name (up to 8 characters) of

the person in charge of the router. The Location and the Contact

Person fields are optional.

4. Protocols—Turn on or off the individual protocols for your

particular application. Unsupported protocols will have a N/A in

their fields.

26

PLANET ISDN Router

ISDN Setup

Menu 2 is for entering information about your ISDN line. Different
telephone companies deploy different types of switches for ISDN
service. Depending on the switch for your particular installation, you will
have a different number of telephone numbers, and if you are in North
America, you may also have SPIDs. Make sure that you have correct
and complete telephone numbers and SPIDs. You need to pass the
ISDN setup before your system can make an outgoing call or answer an
incoming call.

North American ISDN

1. Switch Type—Verify the switch type information with your

telephone company. For North America, select the type of switch

used by your telephone company. If your switch type is not

currently shown, press the space bar to change to the next

switch; repeat until you see the correct switch type. The router will

not be able to place or to receive calls if the wrong switch type is

specified. If you are not sure, contact your telephone company to

confirm the exact switch type.

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

27

2. B Channel Usage—If you are using one B channel of your router

with another device on the S/T bus, then select Switch/Unused.

If not choose Switch/Switch. The following table shows the

relationship between the B Channel Usage setting and ISDN B

channels.

B Channel Usage B1 B2

Switch/Switch Switch Switch
Switch/Leased Switch Leased
Leased/Switch Leased Switch
Leased/Unused Leased N/A
Unused/Leased N/A Leased
Leased/Leased* Leased Leased
Leased128** Leased Leased
Switch/Unused Switch N/A

*Leased/Leased = B1 and B2 channels connect to different remote nodes.
**Leased128 = B1 and B2 channels connect to the same remote node.

3. SPID Number(s)—SPIDs are numbers used by a switch for

identification purposes. Depending on your switch type, you may

have zero, one, or two SPIDs assigned to your line. For example,

if your switch type is Northern Telecom Custom, you will have to

enter two SPID numbers.

DSS1 & 1TR6 ISDN

28

PLANET ISDN Router

1. Switch Type—This field is fixed as DSS1 or 1TR6.

2. B Channel Usage—This field is fixed as Switch/Switch.

3. ISDN Data & Subaddress—Enter the telephone number and

subaddress assigned to the ISDN data call for the router. It will be

used as the outgoing CGPN(Calling Party Number) setting for

ISDN data calls. Note that the router only accepts digits; do not

include—and spaces in this field. This field should be no longer

than 19 digits for the number and 5 digits for the Subaddress. The

Subaddress is only available for DSS1.

4. Dial Prefix to Access Outside Line—Enter the prefix number if

the router is connected to an ISDN PBX. This number will be

added to all outgoing calls and should be no longer than 3 digits.

Otherwise, leave this field blank.

5. PBX Number (with S/T Bus Number)—Enter the S/T bus

number if the router is connected to an ISDN PBX. If this field is

left as blank then the loopback test will be skipped.
When you are finished, press ENTER at the message ‘ Press ENTER to

Confirm...’ to save your selections, or press ESC to cancel. When you
press ENTER, the router will use the information that you entered to
initialize the ISDN link to the telephone company switch. It should be
noted that whenever the switch type is changed, the ISDN initialization

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

29

will take slightly longer. In addition, if you are using the U-interface, the
system will also take slightly longer to initialize.

At this point, you will be asked if you wish to check if your ISDN line has
been successfully connected to your router. If you select Yes, the router
will perform a loop-back test to check the ISDN line. If the loop-back test
fails, note the error message that you receive and take the appropriate
troubleshooting action.

Ethernet Setup

30

Menu 3 is used to enter Ethernet related information. Depending on the
protocols (TCP/IP or IPX) on your LAN, you will need to configure each
protocol separately.

General Ethernet Setup

This menu determines the type of Ethernet interface you are using as
well as the filter sets you wish to implement to monitor your Ethernet
traffic. From Menu 3—Ethernet Setup, enter 1 to go to menu 3.1 ­General Ethernet Setup.

PLANET ISDN Router

Input and Output Filter Sets—Filter sets are used to block certain
packets to reduce traffic and to prevent a security breach. Filtering is
a very involved subject, so leave these fields blank for the time
being. After you have studied the Filter Configuration chapter starting
on page 87, come back and define the filter sets.

TCP/IP Ethernet Setup and DHCP

If you are setting up your network for the first time, read the Configuring
for Internet Access chapter before proceeding. The chapter contains
important information on how to assign IP addresses for your network.

From Menu 3—Ethernet Setup, enter 2 to go to Menu 3.2—TCP/IP
Ethernet Setup.

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31

1. DHCP—This field determines whether the router will act as a

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server. If this

control is set to None, DHCP will not be used. If it is set to Server,

the router will act as a DHCP server, capable of automatically

assigning IP addresses to Windows 95, Windows NT, and other

systems that support the DHCP client. When DHCP is used, the

following four items need to be set.
Do not set this field to Server if there is already a DHCP server on

your network.

2. Client IP Pool Starting Address—DHCP can assign IP

addresses to hosts dynamically instead of requiring that each

system have a fixed IP address. IP addresses are allocated from

a block of addresses, usually assigned by your Internet provider.

The Client IP Pool Starting Address gives the first address in the

reserved block, which is also used as the LAN network address of

the router itself. This address will also serve as the default

gateway for DHCP clients.

3. Size of Client IP Pool—Gives the size of the block of addresses

reserved for DHCP address assignment. The default is 6

addresses; the maximum is 32. The router itself uses the first

address in the block, and the remaining addresses in the pool are

assigned to clients.

32

PLANET ISDN Router

4. Primary DNS Server/Secondary DNS Server—These two fields

are used by DHCP clients (such as Windows 95 and Windows NT

systems) for Domain Name Servers. Usually your Internet

provider will provide one or more name service hosts.

5. IP Address—Enter the IP address of the Your IRT-1001 or IRT-

1002 in dotted decimal notation (four 8-bit numbers, between 0

and 255, separated by periods), e.g., 192.68.135.5. Note that

every machine on the TCP/IP network must have a unique IP

address.

6. IP Subnet Mask—An IP address consists of two parts, the

network ID and the host ID. The IP Subnet Mask is used to

specify the network ID portion of the address, expressed in dotted

decimal notation. Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 will automatically

calculate this mask based on the IP address that you assign.

Unless you have special need for subnetting, use the default

subnet mask calculated by the router.

7. RIP Direction—This parameter determines how the Your IRT-

1001 or IRT-1002 handles RIP (Routing Information Protocol). If

set to Both (default), the router will broadcast its routing table on

the LAN, and incorporate RIP broadcasts by other routers into its

routing table. If set to In Only, the router will not broadcast its

routing table on the LAN, if set to Out Only, the router will

broadcast its routing table but ignore any RIP broadcast packets

that it receives. If set to None, the router will not participate in any

RIP exchange with other routers.
Usually, you should leave this parameter at its default of Both and let

RIP propagate the routing information automatically.

8. RIP Version—Determines what versions of the RIP Routing

Information Protocol the router accepts. Choices are:

◊ RIP-1 The router will accept and send RIP version 1

messages only.

◊ RIP-2B The router will accept RIP-1 and RIP-2 messages

(both broadcast and multicast), and sends RIP-2 messages in
broadcast format.

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33

◊ RIP-2M The router will accept RIP-1 and RIP-2 messages

(both broadcast and multicast), and sends RIP-2 messages in
multicast format.

Unless there are routers in your environment that do not understand

RIP-2 packets, you should probably set this field to RIP-2B.
When you are finished, press ENTER at the message ‘ Press ENTER to

Confirm...’ to save your selections, or press ESC at any time to cancel
them.

Novell IPX Ethernet Setup

Refer to the chapter on Novell IPX configuration.

Bridge Ethernet Setup

Refer to the chapter on Bridging configuration.

34

PLANET ISDN Router

Configuring for Internet Access

Menu 4 of the SMT allows you to configure Internet access on one
screen. Before you configure your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 for Internet
access, you need to collect the following information from your ISP
(Internet Service Provider).

♦ IP address of the ISP’ s gateway (optional).
♦ Telephone number(s) of your ISP.
♦ Login name.
♦ Password for ISP authentication

For your Workstation:
♦ Domain Name Server (DNS)

IP Addresses and the Internet

Conventionally, the Internet (with a capital I) refers the large-scale
interconnected networks across the world that was originally developed
by the US Department of Defense. The Internet uses exclusively the
TCP/IP suite of protocols. The term “Internet” (lower case i), however,

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

35

refers to any interconnected networks using any protocol. An Internet
can be as simple as two hosts on a LAN, or it can be as complex as the
Internet itself.

Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address within that
Internet. If your networks are isolated from the Internet, e.g., only
between your two branch offices, you can assign any IP addresses to
the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses
specifically for private networks:

10.0.0.0 — 10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0 — 172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255

For this reason, it is recommended that you choose your network
number from the above list.

You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP, or assigned
from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your
Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the
Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are
part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network
administrator for the appropriate IP addresses.

36

NOTE: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an

arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above.
For more information on address assignment, refer to RFC
1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC
1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.

Once you have determined the IP address range for your local network,
you may want to use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) to
assign addresses to individual hosts on the network, as an alternative to
manually configuring each host’ s IP settings. See the TCP/IP Ethernet
Setup and DHCP section on page 31 for more information about DHCP.

PLANET ISDN Router

Internet Access Configuration

The following steps describe the set-up procedure to configure your IRT­1001 or IRT-1002 for Internet access. The information you will need to
provide will be indicated in bold type.

1. From the Main Menu, enter 4 to go to Menu 4 - Internet Access

Setup, as seen above.

2. ISP’ s Name—Enter the name of your Internet Service Provider,

e.g., myisp. This information is for identification purposes only.

3. ISP IP Addr—Enter the IP Address of the remote gateway at the

ISP’ s site. If you do not have this data, just leave it blank.

4. Pri(mary) Phone # and Sec(ondary) Phone Number—Both the

Primary and the Secondary Phone number refer to the number

that your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 will dial to connect to the ISP.

The router will always call your ISP using the Primary Phone

number first. If the Primary Phone number is busy or does not

answer, the router will call the Secondary Phone number if

available. Once connected, the router will use the BACP

(Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol) to establish the second B-

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

37

channel if PPP/MP is enabled, and the ISP also supports MP and

BACP.

5. My Login Name—Enter the login name given to you by your ISP.

6. My Password—Enter the password associated with the login

name above. Note that this login name/password pair is only for

the router to connect to the ISP’ s gateway. When you use TCP/IP

applications, e.g., FTP, to access the Internet from your

workstation, you will need a separate login name and password

for each server.

7. Single User Account—See the following section for a more

detailed discussion on the Single User Account feature. The

default is No.

8. Telco Options: Transfer Rate—This field (which only applies to

outgoing calls) controls the rate at which the data is transferred

between your router and the Internet. The options for this field

are:

◊ 64K—The router will place 64Kbps (bits per second) digital

data calls.

◊ 56K—(For the North America only) The router will place

56Kbps digital data calls.

◊ Lease—The router will place leased-line calls.

38

9. Multilink—Determines whether or not Multilink PPP should be

used. Available options are:

◊ Off—The base transfer rate and maximum transfer rate will be

64Kbps.

◊ BOD (Bandwidth On Demand)—The base transfer rate will be

64Kbps, and the maximum transfer rate will be 128 Kbps.

◊ Always—Multilink will always be on; both the base transfer

rate and maximum transfer rate will be 128 Kbps.

10. Press ENTER at the message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to

confirm your selections, or press ESC at any time to cancel your

selections.

PLANET ISDN Router

11. At this point, the SMT will ask if you wish to test the Internet

connection. If you select Yes, the router will call the ISP to test

the Internet connection. If the test fails, note the error message

that you receive and take the appropriate troubleshooting steps.

Single User Account

Typically, if there are multiple users on the LAN wanting to concurrently
access the Internet, they will have to subscribe to multiple IP addresses
or a Class C subnetwork from the ISP. In either case, these two
approaches will cost more than a single user account.

The Single User Account (SUA) feature allows customers to have the
same benefits as having a Class C address, but still only pay for one IP
address, thus saving significantly on subscription fees. (Check with your
ISP before you enable this feature).

This feature may also be used to connect to TCP/IP remote nodes other
than Internet Service Providers. For example this feature can be used to
simplify the allocation of IP addresses when connecting branch offices
to the corporate network.

The IP address for the Single User Account can be either fixed or
dynamically assigned by the ISP (or other remote node). In addition, you
can also configure a server, e.g., a Web server, on your local network
and make it accessible by outside users.

If you do not set a server IP address, SUA offers the additional benefit
of firewall protection. This is because if no server is defined, all
incoming inquiries will be filtered out by the router even if you do have a
server on your network. This can prevent intruders from probing your
system.

The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal
LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the
Internet. For more information on IP address translation, refer to RFC
1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

39

In summary:

1. SUA is an ideal, cost-effective solution for small offices with less

than 20 hosts using a LAN to concurrently access the Internet or

other remote TCP/IP network.

2. SUA can provide one server address to be accessed by Remote

Dial-in Users, thus controlling the incoming packets.

3. SUA can provide firewall protection if you do not configure a

server IP address. All incoming inquiries will be filtered out by the

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002. Therefore, servers on your network

are protected.

4. UDP and TCP datagrams can be routed. In addition, ICMP echo

can also be routed.
The figure below shows an example of a small office connected to the

Internet via a Single User Account using a Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002.
Note that if you enable the Single User Account feature, your local IP
address MUST be selected from the list of IP addresses for private
networks as defined by the IANA.

40

PLANET ISDN Router

Configuration for Single User Account

The steps for configuring your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 for Single User
Internet Access are identical to conventional Internet Access, with the
exception that you need to fill in three extra fields.

Note that enabling the Single User Account feature will automatically
create a new entry in the Remote Node Setup menu (menu 11). Before
enabling the Single User Account feature, check the Remote Node
Setup menu to make sure there is space for a new entry (there must be
no more than three entries before you enable the Single User Account
feature).

Follow steps 1-4 from the previous section, Internet Access
Configuration.

1. Single User Account—Enter Yes to enable the Single User

Account feature. Use the space bar to toggle between Yes and

No.

2. Single User Account: IP Addr—If your ISP assigns you a

dynamic IP address, enter 0.0.0.0 here. If your ISP assigns you a

static IP address enter that IP address here.

3. Single User Account: Server IP Addr—If you want to make a

single server, e.g., a Web server, accessible to outside users,

enter that server’ s IP address here.
Press ENTER at the message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to

confirm your selections or press ESC at any time to cancel your

selections.
At this point, the router will ask if you wish to test the Internet

connection. If you select Yes, the router will call the ISP to test the

Internet connection. If the test fails, note the error message that you

receive and take the appropriate troubleshooting steps.

IRT-1000 series User's Guide

41

Configuring Backup ISP Accounts

Sometimes it may be desirable to configure more than one ISP account
for backup purposes. The Single User Account feature can be enabled
for all of these accounts, making it convenient to switch Internet Service
Providers in the event of a failure.

To configure a backup ISP,

1. Configure your primary ISP using Menu 4, as described earlier in

this chapter.

2. Enter Menu 11, then select the number of an unused remote

node.

3. In Menu 11.1, choose a name for your backup ISP account, set

the Active field to No, and enter your outgoing login name,

password, and phone number(s). The Remote IP Address field

should be set to 1.1.1.1.

4. In Menu 11.3, set the remote node’ s subnet mask to 0.0.0.0, and

set RIP to None.

5. Save the new configuration.

42

Once you have done this, if you need to change from your primary ISP
to a backup ISP follow the steps below:

1. Enter Menu 11 and select your Primary ISP.

2. In Menu 11.1, set the Active field to No.

3. Enter Menu 11 again and select your backup ISP.

4. In Menu 11.1, set the Active field to Yes.

You will now be able to access the Internet through the backup ISP
Remote Node.

PLANET ISDN Router

Remote Node Configuration

A Remote Node represents both a remote gateway and the Internet
behind it, across an ISDN connection. A Remote Node is required for
placing calls to or answering calls from a remote network. Note that
when you use Menu 4 to configure the Internet, your IRT-1001 or IRT­1002 will automatically add a Remote Node for you. Once a Remote
Node is configured properly, traffic to the remote LAN will trigger the
router to make a call automatically (i.e., Dial-On-Demand). Similarly,
calls from the remote LAN will be answered automatically and security
will be checked.

In this chapter, we will discuss the parameters that are protocol
independent. The protocol dependent configuration will be covered in
subsequent chapters. For TCP/IP, see the TCP/IP Configuration chapter
on page 62. For IPX, see the Novell IPX Configuration chapter on page

71. For bridging, see the Bridging Configuration chapter on page 80.
From the Main Menu, enter 11 to go to Menu 11—Remote Node Setup.

When in menu 11, enter the number of the Remote Nodes (1 to 4) that
you wish to configure as shown below:

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43

Enter the Remote Node number to edit and you will go to the next
submenu: 11.1 - Remote Node Profile, as shown below:

1. Rem Node Name—This is a required field. Enter a descriptive

name for the Remote Node, e.g., SJHQ. The name can be up to

eight characters long, and must be different from any other

Remote Node name or Remote Dial-in User name.

2. Active—Press the space bar to toggle between Yes and No.

When a Remote Node is deactivated, it has no effect on the

operation of the router, even though it is still kept in the database,

and can be activated in the future. Deactivated nodes are

displayed with a minus sign [-] at the beginning of the name in

Menu 11.

44

3. Call Direction—If this parameter is set to Both, your IRT-1001 or

IRT-1002 can both place and receive calls to/from this Remote

Node. If set to Incoming, the router will not place a call to this

Remote Node. If set to Outgoing, the router will drop any call from

this Remote Node.
Several other fields in this menu depend on this parameter. For

example, in order to enable Call Back, the Call Direction must be

Both.

PLANET ISDN Router

4. Incoming: Rem Node Login Name—Enter the login name that

this Remote Node will use when it calls into the router. The login

name in this field combined with the Rem Node Password will be

used to authenticate the incoming calls from this node.

5. Incoming: Rem Node Password—Enter the password used

when this Remote Node calls into the router.

6. Incoming: Rem CLID—This field is active only if Call Direction is

either Both or Incoming. Otherwise, an N/A appears in the field.

This is the Calling Line ID (the telephone number of the calling

party) of this Remote Node. If you enable the CLID Authen field in

Menu 13—Default Dial In, the router will check this number

against the CLID in the incoming call. If they do not match and the

CLID Authen is Required, then the router will reject the call.

7. Incoming: Call Back—This field will be valid only if Call

Direction is Both. Otherwise, an N/A appears in the field. This

field determines whether or not you wish the router to call back

after receiving a call from this Remote Node. If this option is

enabled, the router will disconnect the initial call from this node

and call it back at the Outgoing Primary Phone Number (see

below).

8. Outgoing: My Login Name—This is a required field if Call

Direction is either Both or Out. Enter the login name for the router

when it calls this Remote Node. If the login name is longer than

24 characters, only the first 23 will be displayed, with a +

displayed at the end.

9. Outgoing: My Password—This is a required field if Call

Direction is either Both or Out. Enter the password for the router

when it calls this Remote Node. If the password is longer than 20

characters then a + will be displayed at the end.

10. Outgoing: Authen—This field sets the authentication protocol

used for outgoing calls.
Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 supports two authentication protocols:

PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) and CHAP (Challenge

Handshake Authentication Protocol).

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45

◊ PAP sends the user name and password in plain text.

◊ CHAP scrambles the password before it is sent over the wire.

Generally speaking, CHAP is more secure than PAP; however, PAP

is readily available on more platforms. The recommendation is to use

CHAP whenever possible. Turning off the authentication is

STRONGLY discouraged.
Options for this field are:

◊ CHAP/PAP—The router will try CHAP when CHAP is

requested by the Remote Node or PAP when PAP is requested
by the Remote Node.

◊ CHAP—use CHAP only.

◊ PAP—use PAP only.

11. Outgoing: Pri(mary) Phone Sec(ondary) Phone Number—

Both the Primary Phone number and the Secondary Phone

number refer to the number that the router will dial to connect to

the Remote Node. The router will always call the Remote Node

using the Primary Phone number first. If the Primary Phone

number is busy or does not answer, the router will call the

Secondary Phone number if available. Once connected, the

router will use the BACP (Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol)

to establish the second B-channel if Multilink PPP is enabled, and

the Remote Node supports MP and BACP.

46

Some areas require dialing # before the phone number for local calls.

A # symbol may be included at the beginning of the Primary Phone

number or Secondary Phone number.

12. Route—This field determines the protocols that your IRT-1001 or

IRT-1002 will route. The choices of this field are determined by

the features enabled on your router.

13. Bridge—Bridging is used (on the IRT-1002ST only) for protocols

that are not supported or not turned on in the previous Route field,

e.g., SNA. When bridging is enabled, the IRT-1002ST will forward

any packet that it does not recognize to this Remote Node;

otherwise, the unrecognized packets are discarded. The

PLANET ISDN Router

disadvantage of bridging is that it usually generates large

amounts of traffic. Press the space bar to select either Yes or No.

14. Edit PPP Options—To edit the PPP options for this Remote

Node, move the cursor to this field, use the space bar to select

Yes and press ENTER. This will bring you to Menu 11.2—Remote

Node PPP Options For more information on configuring PPP

options, see the section Editing PPP Options.

15. IP Addr—This is a required field if Route is set to IP. Enter the IP

address of this Remote Node.

16. Edit IP/IPX/Bridge Options—To edit the parameters of the

protocols, go to this field, select Yes and press ENTER. This will

bring you to Menu 11.3—Remote Node Network Layer Options.

For more information on filling out this screen, refer to the chapter

pertaining to your specific protocol.

17. Telco Options: Transfer Rate—This field (which only applies to

outgoing calls) controls the rate at which the data is transferred

between your router and the Remote Node. The options for this

field are:

◊ 64K—The router will place 64Kbps (bits per second) digital

data calls.

◊ 56K—(For North America only) The router will place 56Kbps

digital data calls.

◊ Lease—The router will place leased-line calls.

18. Telco Options: Allocated Budget (min)—This field will set a

budget outgoing call time for the Remote Node. The default for

this field is 0 for no budget control.

19. Telco Options: Period (hr)—This field will set the time interval

to reset the above outgoing call budget control.

20. Session Option: Input Filter Sets, Output Filter Sets and Call

Filter Sets—In these fields, select which filter set(s) you would

like to implement to filter the incoming and outgoing traffic

between this Remote Node and the router. You can choose from

12 different filter sets. In addition, you can link up to 4 filter sets

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47

together for further customization (e.g., 1, 5, 9, 12). Note that

spaces and commas are accepted in this field.
For more information on customizing your filter sets, see the Filter

Configuration chapter starting on page 87. The default is blank, i.e.,

no filters defined.

21. Session Option: Idle Timeout (sec)—This value specifies the

number of idle seconds that elapses before the Remote Node is

automatically disconnected. Idle seconds is the period of time

where no data is passed between the Remote Node and your IRT-

1001 or IRT-1002. Administrative packets such as RIP are not

counted as data. The default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).
Once you have completed filling in Menu 11.1—Remote Node Profile,

press ENTER at the message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to confirm
your selections, or press ESC at any time to cancel your selections.

Bandwidth on Demand

The Bandwidth on Demand (BOD) feature allows you to bundle both B
channels in one connection. The second channel is added and
subtracted dynamically according to traffic demand. The router uses the
Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP) and the Multilink Protocol
(MP) to implement bandwidth on demand.

48

The configuration of bandwidth on demand focuses on the Base
Transmission Rate (BTR) and the Maximum Transmission Rate (MTR).
The relationship between BTR and MTR are shown below:

BTR & MTR Setting No. of channel(s)

used to initiate call

BTR = 64, MTR = 64 1 1 Off
BTR = 64, MTR = 128 1 2 On
BTR = 128, MTR = 128 2 2 Off

Max No. of
channel(s) used

Bandwidth on
demand

When bandwidth on demand is enabled, a second channel will be
brought up if traffic on the initial channel is higher than the high Target

PLANET ISDN Router

Utility number for longer than the specified Add Persist value. Similarly,
the second channel will be dropped if the traffic level falls below the low
Target Utility number for longer than the Subtract Persist value.

The Target Utility specifies the line utilization range at which you want
your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 to add or subtract bandwidth. The range is
30 to 64 kbps (kilobits per second). The parameters are separated by a ­. For example, 30-60 means the add threshold is 60 kbps and subtract
threshold is 30 kbps. The router will perform bandwidth on demand only
if it initiates the call. Addition and subtraction are based on the value set
in the BOD Calculation field. If this field is set to Transmit or Receive,
then traffic in either direction will be calculated to determine if a link
should be added or dropped. Transmit will only use outgoing traffic to
make this determination, and Receive will only use incoming traffic to
make this determination.

If, after making the call to bring up a second channel, the second
channel does not succeed in joining the Multilink Protocol bundle
(because the remote device does not recognize the second call as
coming from the same device), the router will hang up the second
channel and continue with the first channel alone.

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49

Editing PPP Options

1. Encapsulation—Select CCP (Compression Control Protocol) for

the PPP or MP link. There are two options in this field.

◊ Standard PPP—Standard PPP options will be used.

◊ CISCO PPP—Cisco PPP options will be used.

50

2. Compression—Turn on the Stac Compression. The default for

this field is Off.

3. Multiple Link Options: BOD Calculation—Select the direction

of the traffic you wish to calculate in order to determine when to

add or subtract a link. The default for this field is Transmit or

Receive.

4. Multiple Link Options: Base Trans Rate—Select the base data

transfer rate for this Remote Node. This parameter is in kilobits

per second (Kbps). There are two options for this field:

◊ 64—Only one channel will be used.

◊ 128—Two channels will be used when a packet triggers a call.

PLANET ISDN Router

5. Multiple Link Options: Max Trans Rate—Enter the maximum

data transfer rate allowed for this Remote Node. This parameter is

in kilobits per second. There are two options for this field:

◊ 64—At most one channel can be used.

◊ 128—A maximum of two channels can be used.

6. Multiple Link Options: Target Utility—Enter the two thresholds

separated by a—for subtracting and adding the second channel.

The default is 32-48.

7. Multiple Link Options: Add Persist—This parameter specifies

the number of seconds where traffic is above the adding threshold

before the router will bring up the second channel. The default is 5

seconds.

8. Multiple Link Options: Subtract Persist—This parameter

specifies the number of seconds where traffic is below the

subtraction threshold before the router drops the second channel.

The default is 5 seconds.
Once you have completed Menu 11.2—Remote Node PPP Options,

press ENTER at the message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to confirm
your selections, or press ESC to cancel your selections.

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51

Dial-In Configuration

You can configure your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 to receive calls from
Remote Dial-in Users (e.g., telecommuters) and Remote Nodes. There
are several differences between Remote Dial-in Users and Remote
Nodes:

1. The router can make calls to or answer calls from a Remote

Node. However, it will only answer calls from Remote Dial-in

Users.

2. Each Remote Node can have its own set of parameters such as

Bandwidth On Demand, Protocol, Security, etc., while all Remote

Dial-in Users share one common set, as defined in the Default

Dial In Setup (Menu 13).

3. Generally, Remote Dial-in Users are individual users who dial in

to the Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 directly from their workstations,

while Remote Nodes represent networks and are used for LAN-to-

LAN connections.
This chapter discusses how to set up Default Dial-in parameters for both

Remote Node and Remote Dial-in Users. The following sections give
two examples of how a Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 can be configured as
a dial-in server for either or both.

By default, your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 allows information for up to eight
users to be kept. To let more than eight remote dial-in users access a
IRT-1002, you can use a separate RADIUS server to provide remote
authentication services. For details on using a separate RADIUS server,
see the Using RADIUS Authentication section on page 108.

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53

Telecommuting

Telecommuting enables people to work at remote sites and still have

access to the resources in the business office. Typically, a

telecommuter will use a client workstation with TCP/IP or IPX and

dial-out capabilities, e.g., a Windows 95 PC or a Macintosh and an

ISDN Terminal Adapter (TA). For telecommuters to call in to your

LAN, you need to configure a Dial-In User Profile for each

telecommuter. Additionally, you need to configure the Default Dial-In

Setup to set the operational parameters for all dial-in users. You can

configure up to eight Remote Dial-in Users for your IRT-1001 or IRT-

1002.

An example of Remote Dial-in User application, telecommuting, is

shown below:

54

Dial-In Server Application

As Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 can also be used as a dial-in server.

This application allows the router to provide services for workstations

on a remote network. For the router to be set up as a dial-in server,

you need to configure the Default Dial-In Setup to set the operational

parameters for incoming call. Additionally, you will have to create a

Remote Node for the router on the remote network (see the Remote

Node Configuration chapter starting on page 43). An example of a

PLANET ISDN Router

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 being used as a dial-in server is shown

below:

Default Dial-In Setup

This section covers the default dial-in parameters. The parameters in

Menu 13 affect incoming calls from all Remote Dial-in Users and

Remote Nodes before authentication is completed. Once

authentication is completed, and if it matches a Remote Node, the

router will use parameters from that particular Remote Node.

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55

From the Main Menu, enter 13 to go to Menu 13 - Default Dial-in Setup.
This section will describe how to configure the protocol-independent
fields in this menu. For the protocol-dependent fields, refer to the
appropriate chapters.

1. Telco Options: CLID Authen.—This field sets the CLID

authentication parameter for all incoming calls. There are three

options for this field:

◊ None—No CLID is required.

◊ Required—Must provide CLID, or call is disconnected.

◊ Preferred—If the CLID is available then CLID will be used to

do authentication. If the CLID is not available the call will
continue.

2. PPP Options: Recv. Authen.—This field sets the authentication

protocol used for incoming calls. User names and passwords are

configured in the next section (Remote users/Dial-in Users

Setup). Options for this field are:

◊ CHAP/PAP—The router will try CHAP first, but PAP will be

used if CHAP is not available.

◊ CHAP—Use CHAP only.

◊ None—No authentication required.

56

3. PPP Options: Compression—The setting in this field

determines if Stac compression will be used. The default setting is

Yes.

4. PPP Options: Mutual Authen.—Some vendors, e.g. Cisco,

implement a type of mutual authentication. That is, the node that

initiates the call will request a user name and password from the

far end that they are dialing to. If the Remote Node that is dialing

in implements this type of authentication, set this field to Yes.

5. PAP Login—This field will only be enabled if the Mutual Authen.

field is set to Yes. Enter in the login name to be used to respond

to the far end’ s PAP authentication request. This field does not

apply to CHAP authentication.

PLANET ISDN Router

6. PAP Password—This field will only be enabled if the Mutual

Authen. field is set to Yes. Enter in the PAP password to be used

to respond to the far end’ s authentication request. This field does

not apply to CHAP authentication.

7. Multiple Link Options: Max Trans Rate—Enter the maximum

data transfer rate between your router and the Remote Dial-in

User. The unit is in bits per second. There are two options for this

field:

◊ 64—At most, one B channel will be used.

◊ 128—A maximum of two channels can be used.

When the Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 calls back to the Remote

Dial-in User the maximum data transfer rate is always 64.

8. Callback Budget Management: Allocated Budget (min)—This

field will set a budget callback time for all the Remote Dial-in

Users. The default for this field is 0 for no budget control.

9. Callback Budget Management: Period (hr)—This field will set

the time interval to reset the above callback budget control.

10. Dial-In IP Address Supplied By: Dial-in User—If set to Yes, it

tells the Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 to allow a remote host to

specify its own IP address. This is to prevent the remote host from

using an invalid IP address and potentially disrupting the whole

network. If set to No, the remote host must use the IP address

assigned by the Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 from the IP pool,

configured below. The default is Yes.

11. Dial-In IP Address Supplied By: IP Pool—This field tells your

IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 to provide the remote host with an IP

address from the pool. This field is required if Dial-In IP Address

Supplied By: Dial-in User is set to No. You can configure this field

even if Dial-in User is set to Yes, in which case the Your IRT-1001

or IRT-1002 will accept the IP address if the remote peer specifies

one; otherwise, an IP address is assigned from the pool. If Dial-in

User is Yes and this field is No, the remote peer must supply its

own IP address, or communication will not be possible. The

default is No.

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57

12. IP Pool: IP Start Addr—This field is active only if you selected

Yes in the Dial-In IP Address Supplied By: IP Pool field. The IP

pool contains contiguous IP addresses and this field specifies the

first one in the pool.

13. IP Count (1,2)—In this field, enter the number (1 or 2) of the

addresses in the IP Pool. For example, if the starting address is

192.168.135.5 and the count is 2, then the pool will have

192.68.135.5 and 192.68.135.6

14. Dial-In IPX Net. Num. Supplied By: IPX Pool—This field tells

the IRT-1002 to provide the remote host with an IPX network

number from the pool. Otherwise, the router will generate a

random IPX network number. The default is No.

15. IPX Start Net. Num.—This field is active only if you selected Yes

in the Dial-In IPX Net. Num. Supplied By: IPX Pool field. The IPX

pool contains contiguous IPX network numbers and this field

specifies the first one in the pool.

16. IPX Count (1,16)—In this field, enter the number (1—16) of

network numbers in the IPX Pool. For example, if the starting

number is 12345678, and the count is 2, then the pool will have

12345678 and 12345679.

17. Session Options: Input Filter Sets and Session Options:

Output Filter Sets—In these fields, you need to select the filter

set(s) to filter the incoming and outgoing traffic between your IRT-

1001 or IRT-1002 and the Remote Dial-in User. Keep in mind that

these filter set(s) will only apply to all Remote Dial-in Users but

not the Remote Nodes.

58

You can choose from 12 different filter sets. In addition, you can link

up to 4 filter sets together for further customization (e.g., 1, 5, 9, 12).

Note that spaces and commas are accepted in this field. For more

information on customizing your filter sets, see the

PLANET ISDN Router

Filter Configuration chapter on page 87. The default is blank, i.e., no

filters.

18. Session Options: Idle Timeout—This value is the number of

idle seconds that elapses before the dial-in user is automatically

disconnected. Idle Timeout is the period of time when there is no

data traffic between the dial-in user or Remote Node and the

router. This field will only be used if Recv. Authen is set to None

and the call is not mapped to any Remote Node or Remote Dial-in

User, or the router calls back to the Remote Dial-in User.
Once you have completed filling in Menu 13—Default Dial-in Setup,

press ENTER at the message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to save your
selections, or press ESC at any time to cancel your selections.

Dial-In Users Setup

The following steps describe the setup procedure for adding a Remote
Dial-in User. From the Main Menu, enter 14 to go to 14. Dial-in User
Setup is shown below:

Select one of eight users by number, this will bring you to the next
screen, Menu 14.1 - Edit Dial-in User.

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59

1. User Name—This is a required field. This will be used as the

login name for authentication. Choose a descriptive word for

login, e.g., kathyg.

2. Active—You can disallow dial-in access to this user by setting this

field to Inactive. When set to inactive, the user record is still kept

in the database for later activation. Deactivated users are

displayed with a—(minus sign) at the beginning of the name in

Menu 14.

3. Password—Enter the password for the Remote Dial-in User.

4. Callback—This field determines if the Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002

will allow callback to the Remote Dial-in User upon dial-in. If this

control is set to Optional, the router will be able to call back to the

Remote Dial-in User if so requested by that user’ s system; if the

control is set to Mandatory, the router will attempt callback in all

cases. Callback entails disconnecting the call and dialing the

specified callback number (see below). The default setting of this

control is No.

5. Phone # Supplied by Caller—This control allows the Remote

Dial-in User to specify the callback telephone number on a call-

by-call basis. This is useful for when the Your IRT-1001 or IRT-

1002 returns a callback to a mobile user at different numbers,

60

PLANET ISDN Router

e.g., a sales rep in a hotel. Note that the default is No, i.e., the

router always calls back to the fixed callback number.

6. Callback Phone #—If Callback is Yes, then this is a required

field. Otherwise, N/A will appear in the field. Enter the telephone

number to which the router will call back.

7. Rem CLID—If you have enabled the CLID Authen field in Menu

13, you need to specify the telephone number from which this

Remote Dial-in User calls. Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 will check

this number against the CLID in the incoming call. If they do not

match and the CLID Authen is Required, the router will reject the

call.

8. Idle Time-out—Enter the idle time (in seconds). This time-out

determines how long the dial-in user can be idle before the Your

IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 disconnects the call. Idle time is defined as

the period of time where there is no data traffic between the dial-

in user and the router. The default is 300 seconds (5 minutes).

More on CLID

CLID allows your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 to authenticate the caller before
a call is answered, thus saving the cost of a connection. The router uses
the caller ID in the ISDN call setup message to match against the CLID
in the database.

However, CLID may not be available due to your switch configuration.
Besides authentication, another application of CLID is to combine it with

callback. For instance, your company pays for the connection charges
for telecommuting employees, and you are using the Your IRT-1001 or
IRT-1002 as the dial-in server. You can turn on both the CLID
authentication and callback options for the dial-in users. By doing so, all
usage are charged to the company instead of the employees, and your
accounting department can avoid the hassles of accountability and
reimbursement.

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61

Once you have completed filling in Menu 14.1—Edit Dial-in User, press
ENTER at the message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to save your
selections, or press ESC at any time to cancel your selections.

This Page was deliberately left blank.

62

PLANET ISDN Router

TCP/IP Configuration

This chapter shows you how to configure your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002

for TCP/IP. Depending on your particular applications, you will need

to configure different menus. For instance, Internet access is the

most common application of TCP/IP. For this application, you should

configure Menu 4. We will illustrate the configuration for other

applications in the following sections.

IP Subnet Mask

A subnet mask is a 32-bit quantity that, when logically ANDed with an IP
address, yields the network number. For instance, the subnet masks for
class A, B and C networks without subnetting are 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0
and 255.255.255.0, respectively.

To create more network numbers, you shift some bits from the host ID to
the network ID. For instance, to partition a class C network number

192.68.135.0 into two, you shift 1 bit from the host ID to the network ID.
Thus the new subnet mask will be 255.255.255.128; the first subnet will
have network number 192.68.135.0 with hosts 192.68.135.1 to

129.68.135.126 and the second subnet will have network number

192.68.135.128 with hosts 192.68.135.129 to 192.68.135.254.
It is recommended that you use the same subnet mask for all physical

networks that share an IP network number. The table below lists the
additional subnet mask bits in dot decimal notations. To use to following
table, write down the original subnet mask and substitute the higher
order 0s with the dot decimal of the additional subnet bits. For instance,
to partition your class C network 204.247.203.0 with subnet mask

255.255.255.0 into 16 subnets (4 bits), the new subnet mask becomes

255.255.255.240.

Number of Bits Dot Decimal

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1 128

63

Number of Bits Dot Decimal

2 192
3 224
4 240
5 248
6 252
7 254
8 255

LAN-to-LAN Application

A typical LAN-to-LAN application is to use the Your IRT-1001 or IRT­1002 to call from a branch office to the headquarters, as depicted in the
following diagram.

64

For the branch office, you need to configure a Remote Node in order to
dial out to the headquarters. Additionally, you may also need to
configure Static Routes if some services reside beyond the immediate
remote LAN.

Remote Node Setup

Follow the procedure in the Remote Node Configuration chapter

starting on page 43 to fill the protocol-independent parameters in

Menu 11, Remote Node Profile. For the protocol-dependent

parameters, follow the instructions below. If you are configuring the

PLANET ISDN Router

router to receive an incoming call, you also need to set the default

dial-in parameters in menu 13 (see the Dial-In Configuration chapter

starting on page 53).

1. Route—Make sure IP is among the protocols in the Route field.

2. IP Address—Enter the IP address of the gateway at the remote

site (in this case, headquarters). If the remote router is using a

different IP address than the one entered here, your IRT-1001 or

IRT-1002 will drop the call.

3. Edit IP/IPX/Bridge—Press the space bar to change it to Yes and

press Enter to go to the Menu 11.3—Remote Node Network Layer

Options menu shown below:

1. Rem IP Address—This will show the IP address you entered for

this Remote Node in the previous menu.

2. Rem IP Subnet Mask—Enter the subnet mask for the remote

network.

3. My WAN Addr—Some implementations, especially the UNIX

derivatives, require hosts on both ends of the ISDN link to have

separate addresses from the LAN, and that the addresses must

have the same network number. If this is the case, enter the IP

address assigned to the WAN port of your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002.

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65

Note that this is the address assigned to the local Your IRT-1001

or IRT-1002, not the remote router.

1. Single User Account—This field should be set to yes to enable

the Single User Account (Network Address Translator) feature for

this site. Use the space bar to toggle between yes and no. See

page 39 for more information on the Single User Account feature.

2. Server IP address—If you are using the Single User Account

feature and you want to make a server accessible on your LAN,

e.g., a web server, accessible to outside users, enter that servers

IP address here.

3. Metric—The metric represents the “cost” of transmission for

routing purpose. IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of

cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a

number that approximates the cost for this link. The number need

not be precise, but it must be between 1 and 16. In practice, 2 or

3 is usually a good number.

66

4. Private—This parameter determines if your IRT-1001 or IRT-

1002 will include the route to this Remote Node in its RIP

broadcasts. If set to yes, this route is kept private and not included

in RIP broadcasts. If no, the route to this Remote Node will be

propagated to other hosts through RIP broadcasts.

5. RIP—This parameter determines how your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002

handles RIP (Routing Information Protocol), and the default is

Both. If set to Both, your router will broadcast its routing table on

PLANET ISDN Router

the WAN and incorporate RIP broadcasts from the other router

into its routing table. If set to In Only, your router will not

broadcast its routing table on the WAN; if set to Out Only, it will

broadcast its routing table but ignore any RIP broadcast packets

that it receives. If set to None, your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 will not

participate in any RIP exchange with other routers. Usually, you

should leave this parameter at its default of Both and let RIP

propagate the routing information automatically.
Once you have completed filling in the Network Layer Options Menu,

press ENTER to return to Menu 11. Press ENTER at the message
‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to save your selections, or press ESC at
any time to cancel your selections.

Static Route Setup

On a directly connected to the Internet, RIP usually handles the routing
automatically. However, RIP cannot propagate across isolated networks,
as in the case before a connection is made between the two
subnetworks using one Class C IP address. Without a route, no packets
can be forwarded to their destinations. A static route is used to resolve
this problem by providing the Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 with some
static routing information. As a matter of fact, when you configure the
Internet Access or a Remote Node, a static route is implicitly created.
An example is given below. In the example, stations on the 204.5.1.0/24
subnetwork can access the remote stations using the static route. The
route will have a destination of 204.5.1.64/26 with the gateway address
being that of the Remote Node (204.5.1.150).

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Note that in normal circumstances, your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 will have
adequate routing information after you configure it for Internet access
and Remote Nodes; you do not need to configure additional static
routes. You will need to configure static routes only for unusual cases,
e.g., subnetting. To create additional static routes for IP, use Menu 12,
Static Route Setup, as shown below:

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1. Route Name—Enter a descriptive name for this route. This is for

identification purpose only.

2. Active—This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static

route.

3. Destination IP Address—This parameter specifies the IP

network address of the final destination. Routing is always based

on network number. If you need to specify a route to a single host,

use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 in the subnet mask field to

force the network number to be identical to the host ID.

4. IP Subnet Mask—Enter the subnet mask for this destination.

Follow the discussion on IP subnet mask in this chapter.

5. Gateway IP Address—Enter the IP address of the gateway. The

gateway is an immediate neighbor of the Your IRT-1001 or IRT-

1002 that will forward packets to the destination. On the LAN, the

gateway must be a router on the same segment as your IRT-1001

or IRT-1002; over ISDN, the gateway must be the IP address of

one of the Remote Nodes.

6. The Metric and the Private parameters have the same meaning

as those in the Remote Node Setup.

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Once you have completed filling in the menu, press ENTER at the
message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to save your selections, or press
ESC at any time to cancel your selections.

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Novell IPX Configuration

This chapter shows you how to configure the IRT-1002 for IPX.

Depending on your particular applications, you will need to configure

different menus. We will illustrate the configuration for some

applications in the following sections.

IPX Network Environment

Frame Type

The stations on an IPX network (both clients and servers) can run on
four different frame types existing on one physical Ethernet cable.
These frame types are 802.2, 802.3, Ethernet II (DIX), and SNAP.

Network Numbers

Whenever you are setting up an IPX routing environment, it is important
to correctly configure the network numbers on the LAN. On any IPX
network, there is an external network number, that is, the number
associated with the frame type on the Ethernet cable to which the
stations on the network are joined. In addition to this external network
number, each NetWare server has its own internal network number. It is
important to remember that every network number has to be unique for
that entire Internetwork. So if a server station has an internal network
number of 00000011, there must be no other network number (internal
or external) of 00000011 anywhere on the entire network.

There are two different scenarios in which you would connect your IRT­1002 to a LAN: one with a server (server side), and one without a server
(client side).

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IRT-1002 on LAN with Server

If the IRT-1002 will be connected to a LAN with an existing NetWare

server, you will not need to configure the IRT-1002 as a seed router,

and hence there will be no need for a network number parameter in

the Ethernet Setup Menu for the IRT-1002. Rather, the IRT-1002 will

learn the network number of the network it is attached to through the

regular RIP broadcasts sent by the server, and it will add this route to

its routing table.

IRT-1002 on LAN without Server

If the IRT-1002 is connected to a LAN without an existing NetWare

server station, then it needs to create a unique external network

number to apply to that frame on the LAN. This IRT-1002 must then

be configured as a Seed Router, and the network number can be

configured in the Ethernet Setup Menu. The network number must be

unique and not used anywhere else on the entire Internetwork.

IPX Spoofing

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The IRT-1002 comes with several pre-defined call filters designed to

prevent certain IPX packets from triggering a call to a Remote Node.

PLANET ISDN Router

These filters should inform your IRT-1002 which packets should be

ignored as traffic.
When you are routing IPX packets, the default call filters are defined

as follows:

♦ Block periodical SAP and RIP response messages.
♦ Block NetWare serialization packets.
♦ Allow SAP and RIP inquiry packets.

These call filters prevent the IRT-1002 from making a call to the Remote
Node, thus preventing the expense of an unnecessary phone call.

IPX Ethernet Setup

The first step is to set up the IRT-1002 on the LAN. From menu 3,

select option 3 to go to Menu 3.3—Novell IPX Ethernet Setup, shown

below:

1. Seed Router—Determine if the IRT-1002 is to act as a seed

router. This value depends on the existing network. If there is a

NetWare server providing the network number, select No. If there

is no NetWare server providing the network number, select Yes.

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2. Frame Type—For every frame type that the IRT-1002 needs to

support, you need to set the corresponding field to Yes. The

frame type(s) selected here must be the same frame type(s) as

the server or client stations on that network. Otherwise, the

devices will not be able to communicate. You can select one or

more of these four frame types:

◊ 802.2

◊ 802.3

◊ Ethernet II

◊ SNAP

3. IPX Network #—If you selected the IRT-1002 to act as a seed

router, you need to provide a unique network number to be

associated with the network that the IRT-1002 has joined. Keep in

mind that this number must not be used anywhere else on the

entire Internetwork.
Once you have completed filling in the Menu 3.3, press ENTER at the

save message to save your selections, or press ESC at any time to
cancel your selections.

LAN-to-LAN Application

74

A typical LAN-to-LAN application is to use the IRT-1002 to call from a
branch office to headquarters such that all of the stations on the branch
office network have access to the server at the headquarters, as
depicted in the following diagram:

PLANET ISDN Router

For the branch office, you need to configure a Remote Node in order to
dial out to headquarters.

Remote Node Setup

Follow the procedures in the Remote Node Configuration chapter
starting on page 43 to fill the protocol-independent parameters in Menu
11, Remote Node Profile. For the protocol-dependent parameters, follow
the ensuing instructions. If the IRT-1002 is configured to receive an
incoming call, you can configure the default dial-in parameters in menu
13 (see the Dial-In Configuration chapter starting on page 53).

1. Route—Make sure IPX is among the protocols in the Route field.

2. Edit IP/IPX/Bridge—Press the space bar to change it to Yes and

press Enter to go to the network layer options menu.

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1. Dial-On-Query—This field is necessary for the IRT-1002 on the

client side LAN. When set to Yes, any Get Service SAP or RIP

broadcasts coming from the LAN will trigger the IRT-1002 to

make a call to that Remote Node. If it is set to No, the IRT-1002

will not make the outgoing call.

2. Rem LAN Net #—In this field, enter the internal network number

of the NetWare server on the remote side LAN. The router will

create a route to access this server.

3. My WAN Net #—In this field, you can enter in the WAN network

number of the device that you are connecting to. This number will

be used for negotiation between the router and the remote device.

If you leave this field as 00000000, the router will select the

greater WAN network number between the two devices.

4. Hop Count—This field indicates the number of intermediate

networks that must be passed through to reach the Remote Node.

The default is one (1).

5. Tick Count—This field indicates the time-ticks required to reach

the Remote Node. The default is two (2).

6. W/D Spoofing (min)—This field is used for the router when it is

on the server side LAN. The router can spoof a response to a

server’ s watchdog request after the connection is dropped. In this

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field, enter in the time (number of minutes) that you want the

router to spoof the watchdog response.

7. SAP/RIP Timeout (min)—This field indicates the amount of time

that you want the router to maintain the SAP and RIP entries

learned from this Remote Node in its internal tables after the

connection has been dropped. If this information is retained, then

the router will not have to get the SAP information when the line is

brought back up. Enter the time (number of minutes) in this field.
Once you have completed filling in the Network Layer Options Menu,

press ENTER to return to Menu 11.1. Press ENTER at the message
‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to save your selections, or press ESC at
any time to cancel your selections.

Static Route Setup

If your LAN-to-LAN application has NetWare servers on both sides of
the link, then all NetWare client stations will have access to a server on
their LAN as shown below:

This may present a problem if you desire your client station to access a
server at a remote site. For example, in the above diagram, suppose
that a client station on the network on the left wishes to access the
NetWare server on the right (internal network number = 111). However,
the SAP broadcasts will receive a response from the server on the left

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77

(internal network number = 444). A static route is used to resolve this
problem by providing the router with some static routing information to
access the remote server.

From Menu 12, select one of the four possible IPX Static Routes as
shown below:

1. Server Name—In this field, enter in the name that has been

configured for the server. This name must be the exact name

configured in the NetWare server.

78

2. Network #—This field contains the internal network number of the

remote server which you wish to access. Do not use 00000000 or

FFFFFFFF for this field.

3. Node #—This field contains the address of the node on which the

server resides. If you are using a Novell IPX implementation, this

value is 000000000001.

4. Socket #—This field contains the socket number on which the

server will receive service requests. The default for this field is

hex 0451.

5. Type #—This field identifies the type of service the server

provides. The default for this field is hex 0004.

PLANET ISDN Router

6. Gateway Node—In this field, enter the number (1-4) of the

Remote Node that is linked to this static route. That is, the

Remote Node that you wish to route the packet to.
The Hop Count and Tick Count fields have the same meaning as those

in the Remote Node Setup.
Once you have completed filling in the menu, press ENTER at the

message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to save your selections, or press
ESC at any time to cancel your selections.

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This Page was deliberately left blank.

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Bridging Configuration

This chapter shows you how to configure the Bridging options for the
IRT-1002. Depending on your particular applications, you will need to
configure different menus. We will illustrate the configuration for some
applications in the following sections.

IPX Spoofing

The IRT-1002 comes with several pre-defined call filters designed to
prevent certain IPX packets from triggering a call to a Remote Node.
These filters should inform your IRT-1002 which packets should be
ignored as traffic.

When you are bridging IPX packets, the default call filters are defined as
follows:

♦ Block periodical SAP and RIP response messages.
♦ Block SAP and RIP inquiry packets if set to Handle IPX as Server.
♦ Allow SAP and RIP inquiry packets if set to Handle IPX as Client

or None.
These call filters prevent the IRT-1002 from making a call to the Remote

Node, thus preventing the expense of an unnecessary phone call.

Bridge Ethernet Setup

Bridging is used to forward packets of unsupported protocols whose
destination is not on the local Ethernet to the WAN.

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Basically, all non-local packets are bridged to the WAN; however, the
IRT-1002 applies special handling for certain IPX packets to reduce the
number of calls, depending on the setting of the “Handle IPX” field.

♦ If this field is set to None, nothing is done to IPX traffic.
♦ If it is set to Client, all RIP and SAP (Service Advertising

Protocol) periodical response packets will not trigger the call.
♦ If it is set to Server, no RIP or SAP packets will trigger the call. In

addition, during the time when the ISDN line is down, the IRT-

1002 will reply to the server’ s watchdog messages on behalf of

remote clients. The period of time that the IRT-1002 will do this is

linked to the Ethernet Address Timeout parameter in each

Remote Node (see the Remote Node Configuration chapter

starting on page 43). When a remote Ethernet address is aged

out, there is no need to maintain its connection to the IPX server.
From Menu 3—Ethernet Setup, enter “4” to go to Menu 3.4—Bridge

Ethernet Setup shown below:

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♦ Handle IPX—Set this parameter to None if there is no IPX traffic

on the LAN or if you do not want to apply any special handling for

IPX. Set it to Client if there are only client workstations on the

LAN. Set to Server if there are only IPX servers on the LAN.

PLANET ISDN Router

If there are both clients and servers on the LAN, then the setting

depends on if the local clients will access the remote servers. If they

do, set to Client and set Dial-On-Broadcast in menu 11.2 to Yes to

allow the client queries to trigger the call. If they do not, set it to

Server.
When you are finished, press ENTER at the message ‘ Press ENTER to

Confirm...’ to save your selections, or press ESC at any time to cancel
them.

LAN-to-LAN Application

A typical LAN-to-LAN application is to use the IRT-1002 to call from one
office to another office such that stations on one network have access to
stations on the remote side and vice versa. You will need to configure a
Remote Node in order to dial out to another office.

Remote Node Setup

Follow the procedure in the Remote Node Configuration chapter starting
on page 43 to fill the protocol-independent parameters in Menu 11,
Remote Node Profile. For the protocol-dependent parameters, follow the
ensuing instructions:

1. Bridge—Make sure this field is set to Yes.

2. Edit IP/IPX/Bridge—Press the space bar to change it to Yes and

press Enter to go to the network layer options menu as seen

below:

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1. Dial-On-Broadcast—This field is necessary for the IRT-1002 on

the caller side LAN. When set to Yes, any broadcasts coming

from the LAN will trigger the IRT-1002 to make a call to that

Remote Node. If it is set to No, the IRT-1002 will not make the

outgoing call.

2. Ethernet Addr Timeout (min)—In this field, enter the time

(number of minutes) that you wish the IRT-1002 to retain the

Ethernet Addr information in its internal tables while the line is

down. If this information is retained, the IRT-1002 will not have to

re-negotiate the protocol and recompile the tables when the line is

brought back up.
Once you have completed filling in the Network Layer Options Menu,

press ENTER to return to Menu 11. Press ENTER at the message
‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to save your selections, or press ESC at
any time to cancel your selections.

Default Dial-In Setup for Bridge

There is only one parameter you need to fill out for Bridging
applications.

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♦ PPP Options: Recv. Authen.—verify that this field is not set to

None. Bridging applications must have some sort of

authentication turned on in order to match to a Remote Node.
Once you have completed filling in the menu, press ENTER at the

message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to save your selections, or press

ESC at any time to cancel your selections.

Bridge Static Route Setup

You can configure Bridge static routes for your Bridging applications.

1. Route Name—For identification purposes enter a name for the

bridge static route.

2. Active—Indicates whether the static route is active or not.

3. Ether Address -Enter the MAC address of the destination device

that you wish to bridge your packets to.

4. IP Address—If available, enter the IP address of the destination

device that you wish to bridge your packets to.

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5. Gateway Node—Enter the number (1-4) of the Remote Node that

is linked to this static route. When an incoming packet’ s

destination Ether (MAC) address matches the value entered

above, then it will trigger a call to this Remote Node.
Once you have completed filling in the menu, press ENTER at the

message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to save your selections, or press
ESC at any time to cancel your selections.

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Filter Configuration

About Filtering

Your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 uses filters to decide whether or not to allow
passage of a data packet and/or to make a call over the ISDN line.
There are three types of filters involved: incoming data filters, outgoing
data filters, and call filters. Data filters screen the data to determine if
the packet should be allowed to pass. Call filters are used to determine
if a call should be placed.

Outgoing packets must pass through the data filters before they
encounter the call filters. Call filters are divided into two groups: default
call filters and user-defined call filters. The router has default call filters
that filter out administrative packets, e.g., RIP and SAP packets. The
router applies the default filters first, and then the user-defined call filters
if applicable, as shown below:

For incoming packets, your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 applies data filters
only. Packets are processed depending upon whether a match is made.

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The router allows you to customize the filter sets that you wish to use.
This following sections describe how to configure the router’ s filter sets.

IRT-1000’ s Filter Structure

You can configure up to twelve filter sets with six rules in each set.
Therefore, your IRT-1001 or IRT-1002 allows you to customize up to 72
filter rules (12 × 6).

When implementing these filter sets, you can link up to four of the filter
sets together to screen the data packet. Therefore, with each filter set
having up to six rules, you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a
single filtering application.

Configuring a Filter Set

In order to distinguish between the 12 filter sets, each filter set should
have a name or some comments. You can edit these comments in the
following way.

1. From the Main Menu, select option 21. This will take you to Menu

21—Filter Set Configuration.

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2. This menu lets you choose from twelve filter sets. Select the filter

set you wish to configure (1-12).
This will take you to the Edit Comments field. You can edit the

comments you wish to use to identify that filter set. The comments for
any given filter set can contain up to 15 characters.

Once you have completed filling in Edit Comments field, press ENTER
at the message ‘ Press ENTER to Confirm...’ to confirm your selections,
or press ESC at any time to cancel your selections. The new information
will now be displayed in the read-only section of Menu 21—Filter Set
Configuration as shown below:

PLANET ISDN Router

After you press ENTER, you will be taken to Menu—21.1—Filter Rules
Summary as seen below. The information displayed in this menu is
read-only. From here, you can examine the parameters of each rule that
you have configured for that set. Following are brief descriptions of the
column headings in this menu.

♦ #—Refers to the filter rule number (1-6).
♦ A—Refers to Active. Y means the filter rule is active and N

means the filter rule is inactive.
♦ Type—Refers to the type of filter rule. This can display GEN for

generic, IP for TCP/IP, or IPX for Novell IPX.
♦ Filter Rules—The filter rule parameters will be displayed here

(see below).
♦ M—Refers to More. Y means there are more rules to check, N

means there aren’ t.
♦ m—Refers to Action Matched. F means to forward the packet, D

means to drop the packet, and N means check the next rule. The

Action Matched control has no effect when the More control (see

preceding) is set to Y.

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♦ n—Refers to Action Not Matched. F means to forward the packet,

D means to drop the packet, and N means check the next rule.

The Action Not Matched control has no effect when the More

control is set to Y.

If the filter type is IP (TCP/IP), the following abbreviations will be used:

◊ Pr—Protocol.

◊ SA—Source Address.

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◊ SP—Source Port number.

◊ DA—Destination Address.

◊ DP—Destination Port number.

If the filter type is GEN (generic), the following abbreviations will be
used:

◊ Off—Offset.

◊ Len—Length.

If the filter type is IPX (Novell IPX), the following abbreviations will be
used:

PLANET ISDN Router

◊ PT—IPX Packet Type.

◊ SS—Source Socket.

◊ DS—Destination Socket.

For more information on configuring the filter rule parameters, refer to
the next section.

To configure a specific filter rule, simply select the number of the filter
rule (1-6) you wish to configure and press ENTER. This will take you to
Menu 21.1.1—TCP/IP Filter Rule (next section).

Configuring a Filter Rule

There are four types of filter rules that you can configure. Some of the
parameters will differ depending on the type of rule. When you first enter
the filter rule menu, you will be presented with Menu 21.1.1—TCP/IP
Filter Rule. If you wish to configure another type of filter rule, you need
to select the appropriate type (by pressing SPACE bar) under the Filter
Type field and press ENTER. This will bring you to the corresponding
menu.

TCP/IP Filter Rule

This section will show you how to configure a TCP/IP filter rule for your
outer. The fields in the menu are indicated in bold type.

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1. Active—In this field, you can make the filter rule active or

inactive. There are two options:

◊ Yes.

◊ No.

2. IP Protocol—Protocol refers to the IP specific number of the

protocol. The range for this value should be between 0 and 255.

For example, 6 refers to the TCP protocol.

3. IP Source Route—Determine, Yes or No, whether to check the

source route.

4. Destination: IP Addr—In this field, enter the destination IP

Address of the packet you wish to filter. The address is usually

written in dotted decimal notation such as a.b.c.d where a, b, c,

and d are numbers between 0 and 255.

5. Destination: IP Mask—In this field, enter the IP mask that will be

used to mask the bits of the IP Address given in Destination: IP

Addr.

6. Destination: Port #—Enter the destination port of the packets

that you wish to filter. The range of this field is 0 to 65535.

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