Philips Avalon FM20, Avalon FM30 Service manual
Obstetrical Care
SERVICE GUIDE
Avalon Fetal Monitor
FM20
FM30
FETAL MONITORING
Printed in Germany 07/05
*M2703-9000A*
Part Number M2703-9000A
4512 610 10021
S
1Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
Who Should Read This Guide 1
What to Do Next 1
Repair Strategy 2
Manufacturer’s Information 2
Passwords 3
Warnings and Cautions 3
2 Site Preparation 5
Introduction 5
Site Planning 5
Roles and Responsibilities 5
Site Preparation Responsibilities 5
Procedures for Local Staff 6
Procedures for Philips Personnel 7
Site Requirements 7
Space Requirements 7
Environmental Requirements 7
Safety Requirements (Customer or Philips) 8
Electrical Requirements (Customer or Philips) 8
Connecting Non-Medical Devices 8
Cabling Options and Requirements for Connection to OB TraceVue 9
Mounting Options 9
Input Devices 10
3 Installation Instructions 11
Initial Inspection 11
Mechanical Inspection 11
Electrical Inspection 11
Claims for Damage 11
Repackaging for Shipment or Storage 12
Mounting Instructions 12
Line Voltage Selection 12
Connecting the Monitor to AC Mains 12
Connecting the Monitor to Non-Medical Devices 13
Checking and Setting Line Frequency 13
Checking/Setting Paper Scale 13
Checking/Setting Paper Speed 13
PS/2 Keyboard/Mouse 14
i
4 Theory of Operation 15
Monitor Hardware Overview 15
Power Supply 16
Connector Block 16
Bus Master Board 16
Main CPU Board 16
Fetal Recorder (Thermal Printer Unit) 16
Recorder Adapter Board 17
Thermal Line Printhead (TLPH) 17
Paper Sensor 17
Stepper Motor 17
LCD Display and Touchscreen 17
Noninvasive Blood Pressure Assembly 17
SpO2 Assembly 17
Input/Output Interface Boards 18
Transducer Hardware Overview 18
Tr a n s d u c e r Ty p e s 19
Functional Description of the Transducer CPU 19
CPU (Micro Controller) 19
Analog-to-Digital Converter 19
Communication Transceiver (CAN Bus Driver) 19
EEPROM 19
Toco Transducer Frontend 19
Ultrasound Transducer Frontend 20
Toco+ Transducer Frontends 20
To co Fr o n te n d 20
IUP Frontend 20
ECG Frontend 20
5 Interfaces 21
LAN / RS232 Interface 21
Dual PS/2 Interface 21
6 Testing and Maintenance 23
Recommended Frequency 23
When to Perform Test Blocks 24
Test Reporting 25
How to Carry Out the Test Blocks 25
Preventive Maintenance Procedures 26
Other Regular Tests 26
Visual Check 26
Fetal Recorder Maintenance 26
Testing Transducers and Patient Modules 26
Ultrasound Transducer Electrical Check 26
Toco Transducer Electrical Check 28
ii
Testing the Patient Module (M2738A)/Toco+ Transducer (M2735A): DECG Mode 28
Testing the Patient Module (M2738A)/Toco+ Transducer (M2735A): MECG Mode 29
Testing the Patient Module (M2738A)/Toco+ Transducer (M2735A): IUP Mode 30
Performance Assurance Tests 31
Noninvasive Blood Pressure Performance Tests 31
Accuracy Test 31
Leakage Test 32
Linearity Test 32
Valve Test 32
SpO2 Performance Test 32
Safety Tests 33
Warnings, Cautions, and Safety Precautions 33
Electrical Isolation Diagram 34
Safety Test Procedures 34
S(1): Sum of Functional Earth and Enclosure Leakage Current Test 34
S(2): Patient Leakage Current - Single Fault Condition (SFC), Mains on Applied Part 35
System Test 36
What is a Medical Electrical System? 36
General Requirements for a System 36
System Example 36
Touchscreen Calibration 37
Disabling/Enabling Touch Operation 38
Checking the Fetal Recorder Offset 39
Setting the Fetal Recorder Offset 39
Fetal Recorder Selftest Report 40
7 Troubleshooting 41
Who Should Perform Repairs 41
Replacement Level Supported 41
Hardware Revision Check 41
Software Revision Check 42
Obtaining Replacement Parts 42
Troubleshooting Guide 42
Checks for Obvious Problems 42
Checks Before Opening the Instrument 42
Checks with the Instrument Switched On, AC connected 43
Individual Parameter INOPs 43
Initial Instrument Boot Phase 44
Troubleshooting Tables 44
How to Use the Troubleshooting Tables 44
Boot Phase Failures 45
Screen is Blank 46
Touchscreen Not Functioning 46
General Monitor INOP Messages 47
Keyboard/Mouse Not Functioning 48
Alarm Tones 48
iii
Alarm Behavior 48
Fetal Recorder 48
LAN / RS232 51
Tr a n s du c e r s 5 2
Status Log 53
Troubleshooting with the Support Tool 54
Troubleshooting the Individual Measurements or Applications 54
8 Disassembly and Reassembly 55
Introduction 55
Serial Numbers 56
Removing the Top Cover Assembly 57
Removing the Display Assembly 59
Replacing the Display Assembly 62
Recorder Disassembly 64
Removing the Drawer Assembly 64
Replacing the Drawer Assembly 66
Removing the Recorder Chassis 68
Removing the Thermal Line Printhead (TLPH) 72
Replacing the TLPH 73
Replacing the Recorder Chassis 74
Removing the Paper Sensor Assembly 75
Replacing the Paper Sensor Assembly 75
Removing the Recorder Adapter Board 75
Replacing the Recorder Adapter Board 77
Removing the Stepper Motor 78
Replacing the Stepper Motor 79
Replacing the Top Cover Assembly 80
Removing the Power Supply Assembly 81
Replacing the Power Supply Assembly 82
Removing the Noninvasive Blood Pressure Assembly 82
Replacing the Noninvasive Blood Pressure Assembly 84
Removing the SpO2 Assembly 85
Replacing the SpO2 Assembly 86
Removing the Interface Boards 87
Removing the Main CPU Board 88
Replacing the Main CPU Board 89
Exchanging the Loudspeaker 89
Exchanging the Transducer Cable 90
Exchanging the Transducer Belt Button 92
9 Parts 95
Monitor 95
Tr a n s d u c e r s 96
Patient Modules 97
Mounting Hardware 97
iv
Assembly and Kit Contents 98
Bottom Housing Assembly (M2703-64101) 98
Power Supply Assembly (M2703-60001) 99
Top Cover Assembly (M2703-60052) 99
Top Cover Housing (M2703-64102) 100
Stepper Motor Assembly (M2703-60004) 100
Paper Sensor Assembly (M2703-60003) 100
Drawer Assembly (M2703-64651) 100
Display Assembly (M2703-64503) 101
Transducer Cable Assembly (M2735-64201) 101
Small Parts Kit - Top (M2735-64202) 102
Small Parts Kit - Bottom (M2703-64203) 102
Belt Button Kit (M2703-64204) 102
10 Upgrades 105
11 Understanding Configuration 107
What is Configuration Mode? 107
Understanding Settings 108
Entering and Leaving Configuration Mode 108
Storing Changes in the User Defaults 109
Loading the Factory Default 109
Loading the User Defaults 110
Loading Configurations Using the Support Tool 110
About Configuration Files (.cfg) 111
Selecting the Correct Configuration 111
12 Configuration Settings Appendix 113
Documenting Monitor Configurations 113
Using the Configuration Tables 113
Configuration Table Example 114
Understanding Configuration Implications 114
Measurement-Related Settings 115
Color Configuration 115
Configuring FHR (Ultrasound) 115
FHR Configuration Implications 115
Configuring Toco 116
Configuring IUP 116
Configuring DFHR (DECG) 116
DFHR Configuration Implications 116
Configuring MHR (ECG) 117
ECG Configuration Implications 117
Configuring Pulse 118
Configuring SpO
Configuration Implications 119
SpO
2
Configuring Noninvasive Blood Pressure (NBP) 119
2
119
v
NBP Configuration Implications 120
Monitor-Related Settings 121
Configuring Alarms 121
Alarm Settings Configuration Implications 121
Configuring the NST Timer 122
NST Timer Configuration Implications 122
Configuring Fetal Recorder Settings 122
Recorder Configuration Implications 123
Configuring User Interface Settings 123
User Interface Configuration Implications 124
Hardware Settings 124
Global Settings 125
Global Settings Configuration Implications 125
vi
1
1Introduction
This Service Guide contains technical details for the Avalon FM20 and FM30 Fetal/Maternal
Monitors. It provides a technical foundation to support effective troubleshooting and repair. It is not a
comprehensive, in-depth explanation of the product architecture or technical implementation. It offers
enough information on the functions and operations of the monitoring systems so that engineers who
repair them are better able to understand how they work. It covers the physiological measurements and
the monitor hardware that acquires and displays them.
The Avalon FM20/FM30 Fetal Monitor Service Guide supplements the maintenance and
troubleshooting procedures, carried out by the operator, that are described in the Instructions for Use.
Refer to the Instructions for Use for maintenance and troubleshooting procedures that may be
performed during normal operation.
Only qualified service personnel should attempt to install the system, disassemble the monitor, remove
or replace any internal assemblies, or replace the transducer cable or belt buttons.
Who Should Read This Guide
This guide is for biomedical engineers or technicians responsible for troubleshooting, repairing, and
maintaining Philips’ Avalon fetal monitors.
You must:
•understand English
• be familiar with standard medical equipment installation procedures
• be familiar with current conventional technical terms as used throughout this guide
What to Do Next
Familiarize yourself with the contents of this guide and the Instructions for Use before attempting to
service or repair the system.
1
1 Introduction Repair Strategy
Repair Strategy
The Service Support Tool software helps you to determine whether a fault is a hardware or software
problem. The main replaceable parts are:
• unit exchange for the transducers
•replacement of
– the top cover assembly
– the bottom housing
– the power supply assembly
– the display assembly
– the recorder adapter board
– the paper drawer assembly
– the paper sensor assembly
– the stepper motor assembly
–the SpO
– the noninvasive blood pressure assembly
–the main CPU board
– the bus master board
– the socket connector block
–the transducer cable
– the transducer belt button
See Chapter 9, “Parts” for part numbers, and Chapter 8, “Disassembly and Reassembly” for repair
details.
assembly
2
Repair or replacement of individual components on the boards is not supported, and should never be
attempted.
For tests that you are required to perform after repairs, refer to “When to Perform Test Blocks” on
page 24.
Manufacturer’s Information
© Copyright 2003 - 2005. Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
All Rights Reserved.
Philips Medizin Systeme Böblingen GmbH
Hewlett-Packard-Str. 2
71034 Böblingen, Germany
2
Passwords 1 Introduction
Passwords
In order to access different modes within the monitor a password may be required. The passwords are
listed below.
Monitoring Mode: No password required
Configuration Mode: 71034
Demo Mode: 14432
Service Mode: 1345
Refer to Chapter 11, “Understanding Configuration” before making any changes to the monitor
configuration.
Warnings and Cautions
In this guide:
•A warning alerts you to a potential serious outcome, adverse event or safety hazard. Failure to
observe a warning may result in death or serious injury to the user or patient.
•A caution alerts you where special care is necessary for the safe and effective use of the product.
Failure to observe a caution may result in minor or moderate personal injury or damage to the
product or other property, and possibly in a remote risk of more serious injury.
3
1 Introduction Warnings and Cautions
4
Introduction
This section describes the procedures you should follow to plan and prepare a site for an Avalon
FM20/FM30 fetal monitor installation.
• Site planning.
• Roles and responsibilities for local and Philips personnel.
Site Planning
The careful planning of the site for the FM20/FM30 monitor is essential for its safe and efficient
operation. A consulting schedule should be established between the Customer and Philips Sales and
Support Representatives, to ensure that all preparations are completed when the system is delivered.
2
2Site Preparation
The site planning phases prior to equipment installation are:
Location: Planning the location of the various system components.
Environment: Confirming and correcting, as necessary, the environment of the proposed installation
site(s).
System Capabilities: Explaining the possibilities for system expansion.
Mounting: Referencing the mounting hardware information website for the listing of suitable
mounting hardware recommended for use with the various system components, and all details on the
available mounts and accessories.
Cabling: Identifying the requirements for the cabling, conduiting and faceplates for connecting the
various system components.
Roles and Responsibilities
This section describes the procedures necessary to prepare a site for a system installation. The
procedures are grouped into two parts: procedures that local staff or contractors are responsible for, and
procedures that Philips personnel are responsible for.
Site Preparation Responsibilities
Local Staff
• Ensure that all safety, environmental and power requirements are met.
• Provide power outlets.
• Prepare mounts, and consult Philips for detailed mounting requirements.
5
2 Site Preparation Introduction
• Pull cables, install conduit, install wallboxes.
Philips Personnel
• Provide the customer with the safety, environmental and power requirements.
•Assemble mounts, as necessary.
• Provide requirements for cabling.
Procedures for Local Staff
The following tasks must be completed before the procedures for Philips personnel may be started.
• Providing Power Outlets
Provide a power outlet in the vicinity (1 m or 3 ft) or any peripheral equipment.
WARNING Only the power cables provided with the system may be used. For reasons of safety, power (mains)
extension cables or adapters shall not be used.
• Preparing Mounts
Where ceiling, wall, or shelf mounts are required for mounting the equipment, the customer is
responsible for the following:
– Providing and installing all hardware which is required to install the mounting hardware supplied
by Philips as detailed in the installation notes.
– Making sure that all ceilings, walls, and mounting rails that supports mounting hardware are
suitable for their proposed load.
WARNING It is the customer's responsibility to have the attachment of the mounting hardware to the ceiling, wall,
or mounting rail and the construction of the ceiling, wall, or mounting rail evaluated for structural
integrity and compliance with all local, state and any other required codes by a registered, professional,
structural and/or mechanical engineer.
Although considerable effort has been made to ensure the safety of the ceiling mount installation and
or mounting guidelines, it is to be understood that the installation itself is beyond the control of Philips
Medical Systems. Accordingly, Philips Medical Systems will not be responsible for the failure of any
such installation.
• Providing Conduit
– Providing conduit and/or trunking of a sufficient cross-sectional area for the planned cables and
possible future expansion (for additional components or systems).
– Providing and/or installing suitable wall boxes to accommodate the faceplates.
•Pulling Cables
WARNING NEVER run power cables through the same conduit or trunking used for system cables.
•Installing Wall Boxes
6
Site Requirements 2 Site Preparation
It is the customer's responsibility to provide and install wallboxes to house faceplates. The customer
must notify the Philips installation coordinator of which size is to be used.
Procedures for Philips Personnel
Before you begin the procedures in the installation sections, ensure that the customer has completed all
necessary preparations outlined in the previous section, “Procedures for Local Staff.”
Site Requirements
The site requirements are listed in this section.
Space Requirements
The situating of the monitor should be planned such that the nursing staff are able to monitor the
patient with relative ease, with all patient connectors and controls readily available and the displays
clearly visible. The location should also allow access to service personnel without excessive disruption
and should have sufficient clearance all round to allow air circulation.
Dimensions and weight:
Monitor:
Size (W x H x D): 335 x 286 x 133 mm (13.2 x 11.3 x 5.2 in)
Weight; 5.1 kg (11.2 lb)
Transducer:
Size (diameter): 83 mm (3.27 in)
Weight (without cable): 190g (6.7 oz.)
Environmental Requirements
The environment where the FM20/FM30 monitor will be used should be reasonably free from
vibration, dust and corrosive or explosive gases. The ambient operating and storage conditions for the
FM20/FM30 monitor must be observed. If these conditions are not met, the accuracy of the system
will be affected and damage can occur.
.
Monitor (M2702A/M2703A)
Temperature Range Operating 0°C to 45°C (32°F to 113°F)
Storage
Humidity Range Operating <95% relative humidity @ 40°C/104°F
Storage
Altitude Range Operating -500 to 3000 m/-1640 to 9840 ft.
Storage
-20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140°F)
<90% relative humidity @ 60°C/140°F
-500 to 3000 m/-1640 to 9840 ft.
Transducers (M2734A/M2735A/M2736A)
Temperature Range Operating 0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F)
Storage
-40°C to 60°C (-40°F to 140°F)
7
2 Site Preparation Site Requirements
Transducers (M2734A/M2735A/M2736A)
Humidity Range Operating <95% relative humidity @ 40°C/104°F
Storage
Altitude Range Operating -500 to 3000 m/-1640 to 9840 ft.
Storage
SpO2 Sensors
Operating Temperature Range 0°C to 37°C (32°F to 98.6°F)
<90% relative humidity @ 60°C/140°F
-500 to 3000 m/-1640 to 9840 ft.
Safety Requirements (Customer or Philips)
The monitor is an electrical Class II device in which the protection against electric shock does not rely
on basic insulation and a protective earth conductor but on double and/or reinforced insulation.
WARNING • Always use the supplied power cord with the earthed mains plug to connect the monitor to an
earthed AC mains socket. Never adapt the mains plug from the power supply to fit an unearthed AC
mains socket.
• The protective earth conductor is required for EMC purposes. It has no protective function against
electric shock! The protection against electric shock in this device is provided by double and/or
reinforced insulation.
• Do not use additional AC mains extension cords or multiple portable socket-outlets. If a multiple
portable socket-outlet without an approved isolation transformer is used, the interruption of its
protective earthing may result in enclosure leakage currents equal to the sum of the individual earth
leakage currents, so exceeding allowable limits.
Electrical Requirements (Customer or Philips)
Line Voltage Connection
The FM20/FM30 monitor uses < 60 W.
Line Voltage: the FM20/FM30 monitor may be operated on ac line voltage ranges of
100 to 240V (50/60 Hz).
Connecting Non-Medical Devices
The standard IEC-60601-1-1 applies to any combination of devices, where at least one is a medical
device. Therefore IEC-60601-1-1 must still be met after all devices are connected.
8
Site Requirements 2 Site Preparation
WARNING • Do not use a device in the patient vicinity if it does not comply with IEC-60601-1. The whole
installation, including devices outside of the patient vicinity, must comply with IEC-60601-1-1.
Any non-medical device, including a PC running an OB TraceVue system, placed and operated in
the patient’s vicinity must be powered via an approved isolation transformer that ensures mechanical
fixing of the power cords and covering of any unused power outlets.
• Do not connect any devices that are not supported as part of a system.
Whenever you combine equipment to form a system, for example, connecting the monitor to an OB
TraceVue system, perform a system test according to IEC 60601-1-1 (see “System Test” on page
36).
Figure 1 Equipment Location in the Patient Vicinity
Cabling Options and Requirements for Connection to OB TraceVue
For cabling options and requirements for connection to an OB TraceVue system, refer to the OB
TraceVue Site Preparation Guide and the OB TraceVue Service Guide.
Mounting Options
See “Mounting Hardware” on page 97 for a list of mounting options. Refer to “Mounting
Instructions” on page 12, or contact your local Philips representative for advice on mounting the
monitor.
9
2 Site Preparation Site Requirements
Input Devices
The following tables describes the input devices which can be connected to the monitor via the
optional PS/2 interface.
Product Option
Number
M8024A #A01 862454 9898 031 24741 Slimline Keyboard with integrated Trackball
M8024A #B01 M4046-60104 4512 610 00661 Optical Mouse USB / PS/2
M8024A #C01 M4046-60103 4512 610 00651 Wired Track Ball USB / PS2
M8024A #C02 M4046-60105 4512 610 00671 Wireless Track Ball
M8024A #C03 M4046-60106 4512 610 00681 Wired off table Track Mouse
Part Number 12NC Part
Number
Description
10
3Installation Instructions
The information contained in this chapter, in addition to that given in the Instructions for Use, should
enable the monitor to be installed ready for use (the preparation and planning should be adhered to as
specified in the “Site Preparation” chapter). Safety checks and inspection procedures for mounts are
explained in the “Testing and Maintenance” chapter, and configuration of the system is explained in
the “Configuration” chapter.
Please keep the packing materials until you have completed the initial inspection, in case there is a
defect on arrival.
Initial Inspection
Inspect the delivery on arrival.
3
Mechanical Inspection
Open the shipping container(s) and examine each part of the instrument for visible damage, such as
broken connectors or controls, or scratches on the equipment surfaces. If the shipping carton/container
is undamaged, check the cushioning material and note any signs of severe stress as an indication of
rough handling in transit. This may be necessary to support claims for hidden damage that may only
become apparent during subsequent testing.
Electrical Inspection
The instrument has undergone extensive testing prior to shipment. Safety testing at installation is not
required (except in situations where devices are interconnected forming a system, see “Connecting
Non-Medical Devices” on page 143). An extensive self check may be performed. This
recommendation does not supersede local requirements.
All tests are described in the “Testing and Maintenance” chapter of this manual.
Claims for Damage
When the equipment is received, if physical damage is evident or if the monitor does not meet the
specified operational requirements of the patient safety checks or the extended self check, notify the
carrier and the nearest Philips Sales/Support Office at once. Philips will arrange for immediate repair or
replacement of the instrument without waiting for the claim settlement by the carrier.
11
3 Installation Instructions Repackaging for Shipment or Storage
Repackaging for Shipment or Storage
If the instrument is to be shipped to a Philips Sales/Support Office, securely attach a label showing the
name and address of the owner, the instrument model and serial numbers, and the repair required (or
symptoms of the fault). If available and reusable, the original Philips packaging should be used to
provide adequate protection during transit. If the original Philips packaging is not available or reusable
please contact the Philips Sales/Support Office who will provide information about adequate
packaging materials and methods.
Mounting Instructions
Every type of compatible mounting solution is delivered with a complete set of mounting hardware
and instructions. Refer to the Site prep chapter for a list of mounting options. Refer to the
documentation delivered with the mounting hardware for instructions on assembling mounts.
WARNING It is the customer's responsibility to have the attachment of the mounting hardware to the ceiling, wall,
or mounting rail and the construction of the ceiling, wall, or mounting rail evaluated for structural
integrity and compliance with all local, state and any other required codes by a registered, professional,
structural and/or mechanical engineer.
Ensure that this commitment has been met before assembling mounts.
Line Voltage Selection
You do not need to set the line voltage, as this is done automatically by the power supply. The monitor
has a wide-range power supply that allows you to operate the monitor from an AC (alternating current)
power source of 100 V to 240 V (± 10%) and 50 to 60 Hz (± 5%).
Connecting the Monitor to AC Mains
The monitor is an electrical Class II device in which the protection against electric shock does not rely
on basic insulation and a protective earth conductor but on double and/or reinforced insulation.
WARNING • Always use the supplied power cord with the earthed mains plug to connect the monitor to an
earthed AC mains socket. Never adapt the mains plug from the power supply to fit an unearthed AC
mains socket.
• The protective earth conductor is required for EMC purposes. It has no protective function against
electric shock! The protection against electric shock in this device is provided by double and/or
reinforced insulation.
12
• Do not use AC mains extension cords or multiple portable socket-outlets.
Connecting the Monitor to Non-Medical Devices 3 Installation Instructions
Connecting the Monitor to Non-Medical Devices
Connect the monitor to an obstetrical surveillance system, such as OB TraceVue, via the optional
system interface. For cabling requirements, refer to “Cabling Options and Requirements for
Connection to OB TraceVue” on page 9. For safety-related information, refer to “Connecting NonMedical Devices” on page 8, and “System Test” on page 36.
Checking and Setting Line Frequency
Before using the monitor, check that the line frequency setting is correct for your location, and change
the setting if necessary in Configuration Mode.
WARNING An incorrect line frequency setting can affect the ECG filter, and disturb the ECG measurement.
Ensure the line frequency setting is correct.
To set the line frequency:
1 Enter the Main Setup menu.
2 Select Global Setting s.
3 Select Line Frequency and select 50Hz or 60Hz from the pop-up list.
Checking/Setting Paper Scale
You can check the paper Scale Type (US for paper with a scale of 30-240, or Europe for paper with a
scale of 50-210) in the Fetal Recorder menu. In Monitoring Mode, you can see this setting (grayed
out), but you cannot change it. It can be changed in Configuration Mode.
1 Enter the Main Setup menu by selecting the SmartKey .
2 Select Fetal Recorde r.
3 Check the current setting for Scale Type. If it is not appropriate, change it in the Fetal Recorder
menu in Configuration Mode:
Select Scale Type to toggle between US and Europe.
Checking/Setting Paper Speed
You can choose a paper speed of 1, 2, or 3 centimeters per minute (cm/min). The default setting is 3
cm/min.
As a change in paper speed results in a change in the appearance of a FHR trace, you are advised to
ensure ALL monitors in your institution are set to the same speed.
To set the paper speed:
1 Enter the Main Setup menu using the SmartKey .
2 Select Fetal Recorder.
3 In the Recorder menu, you can see the current speed setting. Select Recorder Speed.
4 Select the desired speed from the given choices: 1, 2 or 3 cm/min.
13
3 Installation Instructions Checking and Setting Line Frequency
PS/2 Keyboard/Mouse
Switch off the monitor before connecting any PS/2 compatible device.
Connect the PS/2 connector to the PS/2 Interface board in the monitor at the slot indicated by the
appropriate symbol.
The default keyboard language setting for all initial configurations is “US”. However, the monitor will
not automatically select the best matching language for the keyboard depending on the language of its
software. This means that there is no such choice as “Automatic” for the keyboard language.
To configure the keyboard language manually, go to Service Mode, select Main Setup ->
Hardware -> Keyboard and then select the proper language. Please note that this setting does not
clone.
14
4Theory of Operation
This chapter describes the functional operation of the monitor and the transducers. It incorporates features of
the mechanical design, indicating the physical relationship of the assemblies and components.
Monitor Hardware Overview
4
Power
Supply
Bus Master
Connector Block
SpO
2
Main CPU
Recorder
Adapter
Display
Adapter
IF Board 1
Thermal
Printhead
Paper
Sensor
Stepper
Motor
Touch
Screen
Display
Panel
Backlight
Converter
Fetal Recorder
Display Assembly
NIBP
IF Board 2
optional boards
standard boards
15
4 Theory of Operation Power Supply
The monitor consists of nine main functional components:
• Power supply M2703-60001
• Connector Block (1253-8415)
• Bus Master Board (M2703-66460)
• Main CPU Board (M2703-66450)
• Fetal Recorder (Thermal Printer Unit)
• Display Assembly (M2703-64503)
• Noninvasive Blood Pressure Board (optional, M2703-64502)
•SpO
• Input /Output Interface Boards (optional):
Board (optional, M2703-66453)
2
– LAN / RS232 (M2703-67501)
– Dual PS/2 (M8086-67501)
Power Supply
The power supply is a wide-range input switching unit, with an output of 24V. It is located in the bottom
housing assembly.
Connector Block
Any compatible fetal transducer, patient module or remote event marker can be connected in any order to
the monitor via the sockets on the Connector Block. The Connector Block is located on the Bus Master
Board, and is exchangeable.
Bus Master Board
The signals from the transducers or sensors are conveyed from the sensor sockets on the Connector
Carrier Board (M2703-66421) to the Bus Master Board (M2703-66420).
The Bus Master Board is responsible for transducer detection, communicates with the connected
transducers via a CAN bus, and communicates parameter data to the Main CPU Board via a serial link for
further processing and display.
Main CPU Board
The Main CPU Board controls the monitor’s human interface, and is responsible for the final processing
of data from the Bus Master Board. It sends this data to the TFT display, and to the thermal printer unit
for recording traces and other patient data. It also controls the optional LAN/RS232 and PS/2 interface
boards.
Fetal Recorder (Thermal Printer Unit)
The fetal recorder is located in the Top Cover Assembly. The recorder consists of the following major
parts:
16
LCD Display and Touchscreen 4 Theory of Operation
•Recorder Adapter Board
•Thermal Line Printhead (TLPH)
•Paper Sensor
•Stepper Motor
Recorder Adapter Board
Recorder signals are handled by the Recorder Adapter Board (M2703-66430), connected to the Main CPU
Board. Video signals to the display are also wired through this board, and connection to the Display
Adapter Board is made via a silver-colored 50-pin ribbon cable.
The recorder unit, including the TLPH, is connected to the Recorder Adapter Board via a white 50-pin,
ribbon cable. The stepper motor and the paper sensor are also connected to the Recorder Adapter Board.
The Recorder Adapter Board is connected to the Main CPU Board via a 154-pin connector.
Thermal Line Printhead (TLPH)
The TLPH is located on its own holder in the recorder chassis.
Paper Sensor
The paper sensor hardware consists of a reflective light sensor that detects the black marks on the trace
paper, and paper-out. It is attached to the RFI Bracket, and connected to the Recorder Adapter Board via a
removable cable connector.
Stepper Motor
The stepper motor is a bipolar motor controlled by a micro-stepping motor driver on the Recorder Adapter
Board. The motor is located on the recorder chassis and is connected to the Recorder Adapter Board via a
removable cable connector.
LCD Display and Touchscreen
The LCD Display Assembly consists of a four-wire resistive touchscreen, a 6.5” TFT panel, and a backlight
inverter, all connected to the Display Adapter Board (M2703-66440) and fitted into the display housing.
The board is connected to the Recorder Adapter Board (M2703-66430) via a 50-pin ribbon cable. The
green power LED is incorporated into the Display Adapter Board.
Noninvasive Blood Pressure Assembly
The optional Noninvasive Blood Pressure Assembly (M2703-64602) is located in the front lefthand corner
of the bottom housing assembly. It is connected via a serial link to the Main CPU Board.
SpO2 Assembly
The optional SpO2 Assembly (M2703-64603) is physically located on the Bus Master Board, but sends
data directly to the Main CPU Board via a serial link.
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4 Theory of Operation Input/Output Interface Boards
Input/Output Interface Boards
There are two optional interface boards available:
• LAN/RS232 Interface Board, used for connecting to a PC running the Support Tool and to a
surveillance and documentation system such OB TraceVue.
• PS/2 Interface Board, used for connecting an external keyboard or mouse.
The interface boards plug into the two interface slots on the underside of the device, and are controlled by
the Main CPU Board.
Transducer Hardware Overview
Analog Signal
Analog/ Digital conversion
A
D
Timing and Mode Control
EEPROM
Master Clock recovery
Signal
processor
Power supply
and reset
Ultrasound frontend board
or alternatively
Transducer
cable
Communication Transceiver
Power and
Identification
Transducer CPU board
18
TOCO/ECG frontend board
1
Transducer Types 4 Theory of Operation
Transducer Types
Transducers consist of the following types:
•US
•Toco
+
•Toco
They all share the same power supply, and analog-to-digital conversion circuitries. The processor software
is also the same for all transducers. The frontends, however, are specific to each transducer type.
(includes DECG/MECG and IUP capability)
Functional Description of the Transducer CPU
The CPU section of the transducers is made up of the following main functional blocks:
• CPU (micro controller)
• Analog-to-Digital Converter
• Communication Transceiver (CAN bus driver)
• EEPROM
CPU (Micro Controller)
A single-chip processor is used to control the transducer, generate the frontend control signals, control the
analog-to-digital signal conversion, and to perform the signal processing.
Analog-to-Digital Converter
Analog-to-digital (A/D) signal conversion is carried out by the 16-bit AD converter. Digital signals are
directly communicated from the A/D converter to the CPU.
Communication Transceiver (CAN Bus Driver)
The communications transceiver (CAN bus driver) communicates directly with the transducer CPU, and
allows the transducer to communicate with the Bus Master Board via the CAN bus.
EEPROM
The serial EEPROM stores all non-volatile data required to operate the transducer (for example, calibration
and correction factors for frontend gains and offsets, country-specific information, serial numbers and error
logs).
Toco Transducer Frontend
Uterine activity is measured by evaluating the hardness of the mother’s abdomen with a pressure sensitive
resistor bridge (strain gauge sensor element). The strain gauge sensor element requires an excitation voltage
and its differential output signal is proportional to the pressure applied to it. A DC excitation voltage is
used, and the resulting output signal is fed directly to an A/D signal converter before being sent to the
processor.
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4 Theory of Operation Ultrasound Transducer Frontend
Ultrasound Transducer Frontend
The ultrasound frontend is a pulsed Doppler system with a 1.0 MHz ultrasound frequency, and a pulse
repetition rate of 3 kHz. Seven ultrasound crystals are used as transmitter and receiver.
Toco+ Transducer Frontends
Several parameter frontends are combined on one board. In addition to the Toco frontend, additional
supported parameters are DECG, MECG and IUP.
A seven-pin ‘D-type’ socket carries all parameter related inputs and outputs. An external mode resistor,
connected to one of the pins, automatically detects which mode to set when an adapter cable is plugged in
(whether it is DECG, MECG, or IUP).
Toco Frontend
See “Toco Transducer Frontend” on page 19.
IUP Frontend
Intrauterine pressure (IUP) is measured via a piezo resistive bridge with AC excitation connected to the
RA / LA input pins of the ECG amplifier. A/D conversion of the IUP signal is done by the 16-bit A/D
converter.
ECG Frontend
The ECG frontend measures both DECG and MECG, using a 3-lead system (RA, LA and reference
electrode). The ECG mode is automatically detected when an adapter cable is attached. Input lines are
ESD protected.
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5Interfaces
There are two interface boards available as options for the Avalon fetal monitors:
• LAN / RS232 system interface
•Dual PS/2 interface
LAN / RS232 system
interface
5
Dual PS/2 system
interface
The interfaces are “plug-and-play” boards, and fit into dedicated slots on the underside of the monitor. See
“Removing the Interface Boards” on page 87 for details of how to remove and fit the boards.
LAN / RS232 Interface
The LAN / RS232 system interface has two fully isolated ports:
• The LAN connection can be used for connecting the monitor to PC for configuration or upgrade using the
Support Tool, and for future system expansion.
• The RS232 connection can be used for connecting the monitor to an obstetrical information and
surveillance system, such as OB TraceVue.
Dual PS/2 Interface
This interface provides two PS/2 ports to enable the monitor to be connected to off-the-shelf, “plug-andplay” input devices:
• Mouse: any specified PS/2 mouse or trackball may be used for navigation and data entry.
• Computer keyboard: a PS/2 computer keyboard can be used for data entry instead of the on-screen pop-up
keyboard.
21
5Interfaces Dual PS/2 Interface
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