The SA572 is a dual-channel, high-performance gain control
circuit in which either channel may be used for dynamic range
compression or expansion. Each channel has a full-wave rectifier to
detect the average value of input signal, a linearized, temperaturecompensated variable gain cell (G) and a dynamic time constant
buffer. The buffer permits independent control of dynamic attack and
recovery time with minimum external components and improved low
frequency gain control ripple distortion over previous compandors.
The SA572 is intended for noise reduction in high-performance
audio systems. It can also be used in a wide range of communication
systems and video recording applications.
Features
• Independent Control of Attack and Recovery Time
• Improved Low Frequency Gain Control Ripple
• Complementary Gain Compression and Expansion with
External Op Amp
• Wide Dynamic Range − Greater than 110 dB
• Temperature-Compensated Gain Control
• Low Distortion Gain Cell
• Low Noise − 6.0 V Typical
• Wide Supply Voltage Range − 6.0 V-22 V
• System Level Adjustable with External Components
• Pb−Free Packages are Available*
Applications
• Dynamic Noise Reduction System
• Voltage Control Amplifier
• Stereo Expandor
• Automatic Level Control
• High-Level Limiter
• Low-Level Noise Gate
• State Variable Filter
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MARKING DIAGRAMS
16
16
1
SOIC−16 WB
D SUFFIX
CASE 751G
16
1
PDIP−16
N SUFFIX
CASE 648
16
1
TSSOP−16
DTB SUFFIX
CASE 948F
A= Assembly Location
WL= Wafer Lot
YY= Year
WW= Work Week
G or G= Pb−Free Package
(Note: Microdot may be in either location)
1
16
1
16
1
PIN CONNECTIONS
D, N, DTB Packages*
SA572D
AWLYYWWG
SA572N
AWLYYWWG
SA
572
ALYW G
G
*For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering details, please
download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference
*D package released in large SO (SOL) package only.
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package
dimensions section on page 10 of this data sheet.
SA572/D
(7,9)
(6,10)
500
Ω
R
6.8k
1
SA572
(5,11)
G
GAIN CELL
(3,13)
(16)
−
+
270
Ω
RECTIFIER
P.S.
(8)(4,12)(2,14)
10k
−
+
BUFFER
Figure 1. Block Diagram
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
PinSymbolDescription
1TRACK TRIM ATracking Trim A
2RECOV. CAP ARecovery Capacitor A
3RECT. IN ARectifier A Input
4ATTACK CAP AAttack Capacitor A
5G OUT AVariable Gain Cell A Output
6THD TRIM ATotal Harmonic Distortion Trim A
7G IN AVariable Gain Cell A Input
8GNDGround
9G IN BVariable Gain Cell B Input
10THD TRIM BT otal Harmonic Distortion Trim B
11G OUT BVariable Gain Cell B Output
12ATTACK CAP BAttack Capacitor B
13RECT. IN BRectifier B Input
14RECOV. CAP BRecovery Capacitor B
15TRACK TRIM BTracking Trim B
16V
CC
Positive Power Supply
(1,15)
10k
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2
SA572
MAXIMUM RATINGS
RatingSymbolValueUnit
Supply VoltageV
Operating Temperature RangeT
Operating Junction TemperatureT
Power DissipationP
Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−AmbientN Package
D Package
CC
A
J
D
R
JA
DTB Package
Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the
Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect
device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Standard test conditions, V
signals at unity gain level (0 dB) = 100 mV
at 1.0 kHz; V
RMS
1
= V2; R
= 3.3 k; R
2
= 15 V , T
CC
= 25°C;Expandor mode (see Test Circuit). Input
A
= 17.3 k unless otherwise noted.
3
CharacteristicSymbolTest ConditionsMinTypMaxUnit
Supply VoltageV
Supply CurrentI
Internal Voltage ReferenceV
Total Harmonic Distortion (Untrimmed)
Total Harmonic Distortion (Trimmed)
Total Harmonic Distortion (Trimmed)
CC
CC
THD
THD
THD
R
1.0 kHz, C
1.0 kHz, C
No Signal Output NoiseInput to V1 and V
grounded (20−20 kHz)
DC Level Shift (Untrimmed)Input change from no
signal to 100 mV
−6.0−22V
No Signal−−6.3mA
−2.32.52.7V
A
R
100 Hz
= 1.0 F
= 10 F
2
−
−
−
−6.025V
−"20"50mV
RMS
Unity Gain Level−−1.50+1.5dB
Large-Signal DistortionV
Tracking Error
(Measured relative to value at unity gain) =
[V
(unity gain)] dB−V
O−VO
dB
2
V2 = +6.0 dB, V1 = 0 dB
V
2
Channel Crosstalk200 mV
channel A, measured
= V
= 400 mV−0.73.0%
1
2
Rectifier Input
−
= −30 dB, V
RMS
= 0 dB
1
into
−
60−−dB
output on channel B
Power Supply Rejection RatioPSRR120 Hz−70−dB
22V
−40 to +85°C
150°C
500mW
75
°C/W
105
133
0.2
0.05
0.25
1.0
−
−
"0.2
"0.5−2.5, +1.6
DC
DC
DC
%
%
%
dB
dB
+
22F
22F
100
V
+15V
−15V
0
1F
2.2F
1%
R
17.3k
270pF
3
−
NE5234
+
0.1F
+
2.2F
V
1
C
= 10F
R
C
= 1F
A
2.2F
V
2
3.3k
R
1%
2
5
(7,9)
(3,13)
6.8k
(2,14)
(4,12)
G
BUFFER
RECTIFIER
(5,11)
(6,10)
(8)
(1,15)
(16)
1k
82k
2.2k
+
Figure 2. Test Circuit
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3
SA572
Audio Signal Processing IC Combines VCA and
Fast Attack/Slow Recovery Level Sensor
In high-performance audio gain control applications, it
is desirable to independently control the attack and
recovery time of the gain control signal. This is true, for
example, in compandor applications for noise reduction. In
high end systems the input signal is usually split into two
or more frequency bands to optimize the dynamic behavior
for each band. This reduces low frequency distortion due
to control signal ripple, phase distortion, high frequency
channel overload and noise modulation. Because of the
expense in hardware, multiple band signal processing up to
now was limited to professional audio applications.
With the introduction of the SA572 this highperformance noise reduction concept becomes feasible for
consumer hi fi applications. The SA572 is a dual channel
gain control IC. Each channel has a linearized,
temperature-compensated gain cell and an improved level
sensor. In conjunction with an external low noise op amp
for current-to-voltage conversion, the VCA features low
distortion, low noise and wide dynamic range.
BASIC APPLICATIONS
The novel level sensor which provides gain control
current for the VCA gives lower gain control ripple and
independent control of fast attack, slow recovery dynamic
response. An attack capacitor CA with an internal 10 k
resistor RA defines the attack time A. The recovery time
R of a tone burst is defined by a recovery capacitor CR and
an internal 10 k resistor RR. Typical attack time of 4.0 ms
for the high-frequency spectrum and 40 ms for the low
frequency band can be obtained with 0.1 F and 1.0 F
attack capacitors, respectively. Recovery time of 200 ms
can be obtained with a 4.7 F recovery capacitor for a
100 Hz signal, the third harmonic distortion is improved by
more than 10 dB over the simple RC ripple filter with a
single 1.0 F attack and recovery capacitor, while the
attack time remains the same.
The SA572 is assembled in a standard 16-pin dual in-line
plastic package and in oversized SOL package. It operates
over a wide supply range from 6.0 V to 22 V. Supply
current is less than 6.0 mA. The SA572 is designed for
applications from −40°C to +85°C.
Description
The SA572 consists of two linearized, temperature-
compensated gain cells (G), each with a full-wave
rectifier and a buffer amplifier as shown in the block
diagram. The two channels share a 2.5 V common bias
reference derived from the power supply but otherwise
operate independently. Because of inherent low distortion,
low noise and the capability to linearize large signals, a
wide dynamic range can be obtained. The buffer amplifiers
are provided to permit control of attack time and recovery
time independent of each other. Partitioned as shown in the
block diagram, the IC allows flexibility in the design of
system levels that optimize DC shift, ripple distortion,
tracking accuracy and noise floor for a wide range of
application requirements.
Gain Cell
Figure 3 shows the circuit configuration of the gain cell.
Bases of the differential pairs Q1-Q2 and Q3-Q4 are both
tied to the output and inputs of OPA A1. The negative
feedback through Q1 holds the VBE of Q1-Q2 and the V
BE
of Q3-Q4 equal. The following relationship can be derived
from the transistor model equation in the forward active
region.
V
(VBE = VT IIN IC/IS)
BE
Q3Q4
+
BE
Q1Q2
1
I
G
2
I
* I1* I
2
1
*
I
O
2
Ǔ
I
S
I
S
(eq. 1)
IN
Ǔ
where I
R
= 6.8 k
1
= 140 A
I
1
= 280 A
I
2
IN
V
T
+ V
+
1
1
I
)
I
G
2
I
ǒ
n
I
n
T
V
IN
R
1
O
2
Ǔ* V
I
S
I
) I
1
IN
ǒ
I
S
Ǔ
* V
I
ǒ
n
T
ǒ
I
n
T
IO is the differential output current of the gain cell and I
is the gain control current of the gain cell.
If all transistors Q1 through Q4 are of the same size,
equation 1 can be simplified to:
2
I
+
O
@ IIN@ IG*
I
2
1
ǒ
I
2
I
2
* 2I
Ǔ
@ I
1
(eq. 2)
G
The first term of equation 2 shows the multiplier
relationship of a linearized two quadrant transconductance
amplifier. The second term is the gain control feedthrough
due to the mismatch of devices. In the design, this has been
minimized by large matched devices and careful layout.
Offset voltage is caused by the device mismatch and it leads
to even harmonic distortion. The offset voltage can be
trimmed out by feeding a current source within "25 A
into the THD trim pin.
G
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4
SA572
The residual distortion is third harmonic distortion and
is caused by gain control ripple. In a compandor system,
available control of fast attack and slow recovery improve
ripple distortion significantly. At the unity gain level of
100 mV, the gain cell gives THD (total harmonic
distortion) of 0.17% typ. Output noise with no input signals
1
1
IG)
I
OI
2
2
I
O
Q
Q
4
I
G
3
THD
TRIM
is only 6.0 V in the audio spectrum (10 Hz-20 kHz). The
output current IO must feed the virtual ground input of an
operational amplifier with a resistor from output to
inverting input. The non-inverting input of the operational
amplifier has to be biased at V
if the output current I
REF
is DC coupled.
V+
1
140A
A1
V
REF
−
Q
1
I
2
2
6.8k
Q
R
1
280A
V
IN
+
O
Figure 3. Basic Gain Cell Schematic
Rectifier
The rectifier is a full-wave design as shown in Figure 4.
The input voltage is converted to current through the input
resistor R2 and turns on either Q5 or Q6 depending on the
signal polarity. Deadband of the voltage to current
converter is reduced by the loop gain of the gain block A2.
If AC coupling is used, the rectifier error comes only from
input bias current of gain block A2. The input bias current
is typically about 70 nA. Frequency response of the gain
block A2 also causes second-order error at high frequency.
The collector current of Q6 is mirrored and summed at the
collector of Q5 to form the full wave rectified output
current IR. The rectifier transfer function is:
V
* V
IN
I
+
R
REF
R
2
(eq. 3)
If VIN is AC-coupled, then the equation will be reduced
to:
I
RAC
VIN(AVG)
+
R
2
The internal bias scheme limits the maximum output
current IR to be around 300 A. Within a "1.0 dB error
band the input range of the rectifier is about 52 dB.
V
REF
V
IN
+
A2
−
R
2
Q
Q
Figure 4. Simplified Rectifier Schematic
V
* V
IN
V+
I
+
R
5
D
7
6
REF
R
2
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5
SA572
Buffer Amplifier
In audio systems, it is desirable to have fast attack time
and slow recovery time for a tone burst input. The fast
attack time reduces transient channel overload but also
causes low-frequency ripple distortion. The low-frequency
ripple distortion can be improved with the slow recovery
time. If different attack times are implemented in
corresponding frequency spectrums in a split band audio
system, high quality performance can be achieved. The
buffer amplifier is designed to make this feature available
with minimum external components. Referring to
Figure 5, the rectifier output current is mirrored into the
input and output of the unipolar buffer amplifier A3 through
Q8, Q9 and Q10. Diodes D11 and D12 improve tracking
accuracy and provide common-mode bias for A3. For a
positive-going input signal, the buffer amplifier acts like a
voltage-follower. Therefore, the output impedance of A
makes the contribution of capacitor CR to attack time
insignificant. Neglecting diode impedance, the gain Ga(t)
for G can be expressed as follows:
*t
Ga(t) + (Ga
Ga
= Initial Gain
INT
= Final Gain
Ga
FNL
= R
• CA = 10 k• C
A
A
INT
* Ga
FNL
)e
) Ga
A
A
FNL
where A is the attack time constant and RA is a 10 k
internal resistor. Diode D15 opens the feedback loop of A
for a negative-going signal if the value of capacitor CR is
larger than capacitor C
. The recovery time depends only
A
on CR • RR. If the diode impedance is assumed negligible,
the dynamic gain GR (t) for G is expressed as follows:
*t
G
(t) + (G
R
G
(t) + (G
R
= R
3
where R is the recovery time constant and RR is a 10 k
R
* G
RINT
* G
RINT
• CR = 10 k • C
R
RFNL
RFNL
)e
)e
) G
R
*t
) G
R
R
internal resistor. The gain control current is mirrored to the
gain cell through Q14. The low level gain errors due to input
bias current of A2 and A3 can be trimmed through the
tracking trim pin into A3 with a current source of "3.0 A.
3
RFNL
RFNL
V+
Q8Q
9
Q
17
V
IN
I
+
R
R
C
A
10k
Q
10
I
= 2IR
Q
2
IR
2
X2
Q
10k
−
A3
+
IR
1
D
11
D
12
TRACKING
TRIM
D
15
C
R
D
13
Q
14
16
X2
Q
18
Figure 5. Buffer Amplifier Schematic
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6
SA572
Basic Expandor
Figure 6 shows an application of the circuit as a simple
expandor. The gain expression of the system is given by:
IN(AVG)
1
2
Ǔ
(eq. 4)
R
V
V
OUT
IN
+
2
ǒ
I
(I
1
@ V
3
@
R
1
= 140 A)
2
@ R
Both the resistors R1 and R2 are tied to internal summing
nodes. R1 is a 6.8 k internal resistor. The maximum input
current into the gain cell can be as large as 140 A. This
corresponds to a voltage level of 140 A•6.8 k = 952 mV
peak. The input peak current into the rectifier is limited to
300 A by the internal bias system. Note that the value of
R1 can be increased to accommodate higher input level. R
and R3 are external resistors. It is easy to adjust the ratio of
R3/R2 for desirable system voltage and current levels. A
small R2 results in higher gain control current and smaller
static and dynamic tracking error. However, an impedance
buffer A
may be necessary if the input is voltage driven
1
with large source impedance.
The gain cell output current feeds the summing node of
the external OPA A2. R3 and A2 convert the gain cell output
current to the output voltage. In high-performance
applications, A2 has to be low-noise, high-speed and wide
band so that the high-performance output of the gain cell
will not be degraded. The non-inverting input of A
biased at the low noise internal reference Pin 6 or 10.
Resistor R4 is used to bias up the output DC level of A2 for
maximum swing. The output DC level of A2 is given by:
R
1 )
3
Ǔ
* V
R
4
V
DC + V
OUT
2
VB can be tied to a regulated power supply for a dual
REF
ǒ
supply system and be grounded for a single supply system.
CA sets the attack time constant and CR sets the recovery
time constant.
+VB
R
4
R
3
17.3k
can be
2
R
3
B
(eq. 5)
R
4
−
R
5
100k
A1
+
C
V
IN1
IN
2.2F
C
2.2F
C
IN3
2.2F
3.3k
R
IN2
2
(7,9)
(3,13)
R
6.8k
(8)
1
Figure 6. Basic Expandor Schematic
Basic Compressor
Figure 7 shows the hook-up of the circuit as a
compressor. The IC is put in the feedback loop of the OPA
A1. The system gain expression is as follows:
1
V
OUT
V
IN
+
I
1
ǒ
@
2
(I
= 140 A)
1
R
@ R
2
R
@ V
3
1
IN(AVG)
2
Ǔ
(eq. 6)
V
REF
R
+V
DC1
(5,11)
(6,10)
(2,14)
(4,12)
CC
, R
R
6
1k
C
RCA
10F1F
, and CDC form a DC feedback for A1. The
DC2
G
BUFFER
(16)
output DC level of A1 is given by:
V
DC + V
OUT
* VB@
The zener diodes D1 and D2 are used for channel
overload protection.
C
1
2.2F
REF
A2
ǒ
ǒ
1 )
R
DC1
R
DC1
) R
R
4
) R
R
DC2
V
OUT
DC2
Ǔ
4
(eq. 7)
Ǔ
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7
SA572
R
4
C
IN1
2.2F
V
IN
R
3
17.3k
C
(2,14)
C
R
10F
R
DC1
9.1k9.1k
C
.1F
2
−
A1
1k
(6,10)
+
R
5
V
1
(5,11)
(4,12)
C
1F
A
BUFFER
(8)
REF
G
V
C
DC
10F
CC
D1D
R
1
6.8k
(16)
R
DC2
(7,9)
3.3k
2
C
2.2F
R
2
(3,13)
IN2
V
OUT
C
2.2F
IN3
Figure 7. Basic Compressor Schematic
Basic Compandor System
The above basic compressor and expandor can be
applied to systems such as tape/disc noise reduction, digital
audio, bucket brigade delay lines. Additional system
design techniques such as bandlimiting, band splitting,
1
2
V
RMS
COMPRESSION
IN
3.0 V
547.6 mV
400 mV
100 mV
10 mV
1 mV
100 V
pre-emphasis, de-emphasis and equalization are easy to
incorporate. The IC is a versatile functional block to
achieve a high performance audio system. Figure 8 shows
the system level diagram for reference.
2
EXPANDOR
REL LEVEL ABS LEVEL
OUT
+29.54
+14.77
dBdBM
+12.0
0.0
−20
−40
−60
+11.76
−3.00
−5.78
−17.78
−37.78
−57.78
−77.78
10 V
Figure 8. SA572 System Level
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8
−80
−97.78
C
1
2.2 F
SA572
ATTACK
CAP
C
A
4
+
R
3.3k
1
1 F
3, 13
4, 12
5, 11
BUFFER
6.8k
R
G
2
R
DC1
9.1k9.1k
+
C
10 F
DC
+
C
R
RECOVERY
CAP
10 F
2, 14
C
2
+
7, 9
2.2 F
R
DC2
+
R
X
R
100k
R
C
3
V
IN
TO THD
TRIM PIN
OF 572
PINS 6, 10
+
2.2 F
3
17.3k
R
5
1k
+
22 F
C
5
Figure 9. Automatic Level Control
Automatic Level Control (ALC)
In the ALC configuration, the variable gain cell is placed
in the feedback loop of the operational amplifier and the
rectifier is connected to the input. As the input amplitude
increases above the crossover point, the overall system
gain decreases proportionally, holding the output
amplitude constant. As the input amplitude decreases
below the crossover point, the overall system gain
increases proportionally, holding the output amplitude at
the same constant level.
R1R2I
Gain +
2R3VIN(avg)
1
where:R1 = 6.8 k (Internal)
R2 = 3.3 k
R3 = 17.3 k
I1 = 140 A
The output DC level can be set using the following
equation:
R
) R
V
DC +ǒ1 )
OUT
DC1
DC2
Ǔ
V
R
4
REF
V+
2
−
5532
3
+
V−
V
1
OUT
DC
2.2 F
+
V
OUT
The output level is calculated using the following
equation:
V
OUT_LEVEL
R1R2I
+
2R
3
1
ǒ
VIN(avg)
V
IN
Ǔ
where:R1 = 6.8 k (Internal)
R2 = 3.3 k
R3 = 17.3 k
I1 = 140 A
V
IN
VIN(avg)
+
+ 1.11 (for sine waves)
Ǹ
22
Note that for very low input levels, ALC may not be
desired and to limit the maximum gain, resistor RX has
been added.
ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice
to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any
liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental
damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over
time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under
its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body,
or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death
may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees,
subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of
personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part.
SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.
PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION
LITERATURE FULFILLMENT:
Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor
P.O. Box 61312, Phoenix, Arizona 85082−1312 USA
Phone: 480−829−7710 or 800−344−3860 Toll Free USA/Canada
Fax: 480−829−7709 or 800−344−3867Toll Free USA/Canada
Email: orderlit@onsemi.com
N. American Technical Support: 800−282−9855 Toll Free
USA/Canada
Japan: ON Semiconductor, Japan Customer Focus Center
2−9−1 Kamimeguro, Meguro−ku, Tokyo, Japan 153−0051
Phone: 81−3−5773−3850
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ON Semiconductor Website: http://onsemi.com
Order Literature: http://www.onsemi.com/litorder
For additional information, please contact your
local Sales Representative.
SA572/D
12
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