Oki MICROLINE 385/6, MICROLINE 385, MICROLINE 386 Handbook

OKI

People to People Technology

MICROLINE
385/6

Printer Handbook

Note to Customers

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document is

<

accurate, and up to date. Oki assumes no responsibility for the results of errors t
control. Oki also cannot guarantee that changes in software and equipment mad
manufacturers and referred to in this book will not affect the applicability of the in
in this manual.

© 1993 by Oki. All rights reserved.

Written and produced by Oki. Please address any comments to Oki.

Epson is a registered trademark of Seiko Epson Corporation.

IBM, PC, Proprinter XL, and Graphics Printer are registered trademarks of Inte
Business Machines Corporation.
MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Helvetica® is a registered trademark of Linotype Company.
Swiss® is trademark of Bitstream Inc.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

Your

Oki

printer has been carefully designed to give you years of

safe,

reliable

p«

As

with

all electrical equipment, however, there are a few basic precautions you

to avoid hurting yourself or damaging the printer:

• Read the setup and operating instructions in this Handbook carefully. Be s
it for future reference.

© Read and follow all warning and instruction labels on the printer itself.

• Unplug the printer before you clean it. Use only a damp cloth. Do not use liqui
cleaners.

• Place your printer on a firm, solid surface. If you put it on something unste
fall and be damaged.

• To protect your printer from overheating, make sure all openings on the pr
blocked. Do not put the printer on or near a heat source, such as a radiate
it in any kind of enclosure, make sure it is well ventilated.

© The printhead can get quite hot when it has been printing for a length of t

touch the printhead until it has had a chance to cool off.

@ Do not use your printer near water, or spill liquid of any kind into it.

• Be certain that your power source matches the rating listed on the back o

-

If you are not sure, check with your dealer or with your local power comp,

• Your printer has an earthed plug as a safety feature, and it will only fit intc
socket. If you can not plug it in, chances are you have an older, non-eart
Contact an electrician to have the outlet replaced. Do not use an adapter t
earthing.

• To avoid damaging the power cord, do not put anything on it or place it wh

walked on. If the cord becomes damaged or frayed, replace it immediatel

• If you are using an extension cord or power strip with the printer, make sure
of the amperes required by all the equipment on the extension is le:
extension's rating. The total ratings of all equipment plugged into the outle
exceed 15 amperes.

/7

Ensure that the printer is switched on using the ON-OFF switch at the side of tl
only. Do not turn power on directly from the mains when the switch is in the ON

Do not poke anything into the ventilation slots on the sides of the printer as
get a shock or cause a fire.

Aside from the routine maintenance described in this Handbook, do not try t
the printer yourself; opening the cover may expose you to shocks or other ha;
not make any adjustments other than those outlined in the Handbook-you m
damage requiring extensive repair work.

If anything happens that indicates that your printer is not working properly or
damaged, unplug it immediately. These are some of the things to look for:

The power cord or plug is frayed or damaged.

Liquid has been spilled into the printer, or it has been exposed to water.

The printer has been dropped, or the cabinet is damaged.

Theprinterdoesnotfunction normally when you are following the operating insi

iii

Table of Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1 Setup

Preliminaries
Connecting to the Computer
Inserting the Ribbon Cartridge
Loading Paper
Setting Top of Form

Form tear off
Paper park
Loading single sheets

Running a Self Test

Chapter 2 Operation

Using the Control Panel
Button functions
Print Characteristics

Font
Print quality
Character pitch

The MODE Button

Print mode

Menu select mode

Menu selections
Explanation of menu items

Cleaning

Problem Solving

Chapter 3 Computer Control

Printer Drivers
Commercial Software

DOS commands for printing ASCII text files
DOS based software

BASIC Programming

iv

Chapter 4 Control Code Reference

Character Style
Character Size
Print Features
Combined Commands
Character Spacing
Character Sets
Margins
Tabs

Horizontal Dot Position
Line Feed
Line Spacing
Forms Control
Miscellaneous
Cut-sheet Feeder Control

Chapter 5 Graphics and Custom Characters

Overview
Graphics
Custom Characters

Appendix A: Control Code Table

Appendix B: Character Code Tables

Appendix C: Interfacing

Appendix D: Specifications

Introduction

This Guide is arranged to help you get your new ML395 or ML396 printer set up
quickly as well as providing you with more detailed information for future refc
is how it is organised:

Chapter 1 Setup

Shows you how to get the printer ready, connect it to your computer, and how

t-

Chapter 2 Operation

Describes how

to

control your printerfrom the front panel, and gives you some

to do if you are having problems.

Chapter 3 Computer Control

Provides a few hints and general guidelines on installing and using softwf
printer, as well as some specific information on PC/MS-DOS. You will also fi
on BASIC should you want to write your own programs.

Chapter 4 Control Code Reference

Provides details on all of the printer's features and the commands that contr
chapter will be useful even if you do not do your own programming, becaus
information about how the printer features work and how to use them.

Chapter 5 Graphics and Custom Characters

Describes how to program graphics and custom (downloaded) character set
complex, time-consuming jobs.

There are also a number of appendices at the end of the book containing refere
on control codes, character sets, interfacing and product specifications.

vi

Important

Be sure to use the only ribbons recommended for

it.

Original Oki ribbons are the
thatthe manufacturers recommend, so askforthem by name. Please remember
use any other ribbon your warranty may be invalidated.

Purchasing inferior ribbons really does not make sense. They do not last as long
are prone to shredding, which in turn can cause damage to your printhead. Any:
savings on cheap ribbons can therefore be a false economy.

So do not waste your time and money . . . insist on Oki consumables for your (
and order them from your printer supplier.

Important Safety Instruction

The wires in this printer's mains lead are coloured in accordance with the follov

GREEN AND YELLOW EARTH
BLUE NEUTRAL
BROWN LIVE

As the colours of the wires in the mains lead of this apparatus may not correspor
coloured markings identifying the terminals in your plug, PROCEED AS FOLL

The GREEN AND YELLOW coloured wire must be connected to the terminal i
marked with the letter E, by the safety earth symbol, or coloured GREEN or GR
YELLOW.

The BROWN coloured wire must be connected to the terminal marked with the
coloured RED

The BLUE coloured wire must be connected to the terminal marked with the I
coloured BLACK or BLUE.

Ensure that the mains socket outlet is situated near your printer for easy acce

WARNING: THIS APPARATUS MUST BE EARTHED.

Ensure that your equipment is connected correctly. If you are in any doubt,

qualified electrician.

VII

Chapter 1

Choose a sturdy table, desk or printer stand to place your printer on when you
from the carton. Remove the styrofoam sides- be sure to save all packing materi
you need to ship the printer again - and check the box for these contents:

• ML385/386 printer.

• Paper separator.

• Power lead.

• Platen knob (fitted).

• Ribbon cartridge.

• Printer Handbook.

Note: Interface cable and paper are sold separately.

If any of these items is missing or damaged, see your dealer for a repiaceme

Preliminaries

Do not plug the printer in until it is set up and ready to operate.

1. Remove the clear protective film from the control panel and access cove

1

2. Open the access cover and remove the shipping retainer. Be sure to sav
other packing materials in case you ship the printer.

3. Install the paper separator. Open the rear cover and position the hole or
separator's legs over the corresponding stud on the rear cover. Gently p
separator leg until the hole slips over the other stud. Close the rear cover

1-2

4. The platen knob is aready fitted to the right side of the printer. However, if it
for any reason, match the flat side of the knob to the flat side of the platen

5. Make sure the power switch is OFF. Plug the power cord into the back of the p

the other end into an earthed socket.

Important: Make sure the socket is earthed. Do not use an adapter to defeat the earthing.

Connecting to the Computer

These instructions are for the standard parallel interface, if you have the op

interface, see the appendix for installation and connection details.

1. Make sure both the printer and the computer are OFF.

2. Plug the interface cable into the port on the back of your printer. Fasten th
on the connector to the cable in order to attach it securely.

Note: Interface cables are sold separately.

1-4

Inserting the Ribbon Cartridge

1. Open the access cover.

2. Position the printhead between the bail rollers. Make sure the bail is closec

Important: The printhead can get very hot during extended periods of printing - be sure to let it ci

you touch it.

3. Hold the ribbon cartridge with the blue take-up knob facing up and the flat er
the front of the printer.

4. Place the flat end into the ribbon plate, then lower the front of the cartridg
printhead until it snaps into place.

To remove the ribbon, pull up at the positions indicated by the two arrows on th

cartridge.

Ribbon shield

- do not rer

Printhead

Ribbc
plate

5. Turn the take-up knob in the direction of the arrow on the cartridge to take u
in the ribbon.

6. The headgap lever by the side of the cartridge adjusts for different paper th

Set it for the number of sheets in the forms you are using from 1 to 4. Use setting
thick paper. Adjust the setting up or down for the best print quality.

Note: When the headgap is set at 5, the printer automatically slows down for better print qualit
multipart forms.

Important: Be sure to use only ribbons specifically for use with ML385/386 printers. Ribbon
Microline 100 series printers look similar, but they will either not fit the ML385/386 or they will g
quality because the ribbon and ink do not meet the requirements of 24-pin printers

1-6

Loading Paper

Your printer can handle many different types of paper with pushbutton ea;
Appendix D for details on paper specifications.

Rear feed, continuous forms

1. Make sure that the paper lever is forwards.

Rear cover

2. Open the rear cover to expose the tractors.

3. Open the tractor covers.

4. Pull the paper through the opening between the printer and the rear cover

5. Place the first two sprocket holes on each side of the page over the pins. Clc
covers. To adjust the tractors for the width of the paper, pull the lock levers
slide the tractors into position, then push the levers backwards to lock,

reference marks on the printer to show the recommended left edge position
most common paper sizes.

Important: Do not position the left edge of the paper more than

Уг

inch from the end of the piat<

must cover the groove in the left side of the platen. If it does not, the printer will signal a pape

6. Close the rear and access covers. Make sure the paper separator is flat on
Open the guide wire, which keeps paper from curling back into the prin

7. Turn the printer

on.

The printhead will move to the left side of the platen an

panel will light up. The ALARM light will also come on, but do not be con

just telling you that there is no paper loaded.

8. Pull the bail lever forwards. The paper will automatically feed into the prir

ALARM light will go out.

9. When the paper has stopped moving push the bail lever backwards.

10. Adjust the Top Of Form (see next page) and press the SEL button (the S
go on) and you are ready to print

Important: Do not use the Form Feed button to load paper.

1-8

Setting Top of Form

If Form Tear Off is ON, hold down the TOF/QUIET button and press:

FORM FEED to move the paper up, or

LINE FEED to move the paper down.

This moves the paper in very fine increments -

Узво

inch to be exact - so you с
the top of form precisely. The amount you can move the paper down using this
limited to avoid potential paper jams.

MODE LINE

FEED

Hold down
FORM PARK
FEED \ /QUIET

FONT COURIER ROMAN

PRESTIGE GOTHIC

s', i:

BOI D

PRINT

ALARM EXIT / GROUP ITEM \ SET PRINT

MENU4.

"Push to move up

PO\ .'ER Push to move down

CHARACTER PITCH

The lower red line on the paper shield shows the baseline of the current printir
to help you place the top of form where you want it.

When the top of form is set where you want

it,

press the TOF/QUIET button. This
the position permanently in the printer's memory - even when the printer is turne
you reset it.

If Form Tear Off is OFF, adjust the top of the form by turning the platen knob, the
TOF button. (The SEL light should be out). The lower red line on the paper shield
baseline of the current print position to help place the top of the form where you

Important: Make sure the paper is held in place by the bail. If the top of the page is set below tt

will catch on the bail and cause a jam.

Form tear off

Form tear off makes paper handling even simpler with your printer. When yoi
rear-fed continuous form paper, you can easily tear off a printed sheet witho
paper or readjusting the printer.

To activate this feature, enter Menu Select mode and set the FORM TEAR OFF

- it is

in

the Vertical Control group. Then set Top of Form as described on the pre\

When you release the TOP/QUIET button, the paper advances from the init

position to the tear off position - the top of the page is even with the tear bar, loc

the clear top of the access cover.

Note: You can check the initial printing position at any time. Press the SEL button to deselect the

press TOF/QUIET. The paper will move down to the initial printing position until you release th

The page stays in the tear off position until the printer receives data. The paper t
down to the initial printing position to print. A few seconds after printing stops

moves up to the tear off position. Now it is easy to tear off the printed pag
perforation. Just open the clear top of the access cover and tear the page off;

tear bar.

Note: Some programs, such as high resolution graphics packages, pause occasionally while se
the printer. If the pause lasts more than two seconds, the paper will advance to the tear off posit
data is received. No data will be lost, but this extra paper movement can cause uneven print r
graphics. If you have this problem, use the menu to deactivate forms tear off. Do not use forms
printing on labels or multipart forms. Labels should only be fed from the bottom of the printer.

1-10

Paper park

This handy feature makes it easy for you to switch from continuous forms to sir

paper and back.

To park the paper:

1. Tear off any printed pages.

2. Press the PARK button. The paper will retract from the paper path.

SEL MODE

LINE
FEED

• ••

ALARM

EXIT CROUP

POWER

FORM PARK TOF/
FEED /QUIET

FONT

COURIER 4 ROMAN

•

PRESTIGE

GOTHIC

BOID J

v

SWI ,3

GOTHIC

BOID J

PRINT Ql

VI SŁT PRINT

MENU

CHARACTER PITCH

Push the paper lever back to the single sheet setting, and you are ready to ins

sheets. See Loading Single Sheets.

To return continuous forms to the printer:

1. Make sure the paper lever is set for continuous forms (lever forward).

2. Pull the bail lever forward. The paper will advance to the front of the platen.

3. Push the bail lever back and adjust the top of form, if necessary.

Loading single sheets

1. If you have continuous form-paper in the printer, use the paper park feature
out of the paper path.

2. Push the paper lever to the single sheet setting (towards the back of the p

3. Push the guide wire back into its locked position on the paper separator
separator to its upright position.

4. Set a sheet of paper

on

the paper separator and adjust the guides so that the
touching the edges of the paper. (There is a reference mark on the separate
paper edge.)

5. Pull the bail lever forwards. The paper will automatically feed into the prin

6. Push the bail lever backwards.

7. Adjust the top of form if necessary.

Guides

1-12

Running a Self Test

After you have installed ribbon and paper, you are ready to run one of two sel
this any time you want to make sure the printer is functioning properly. Both te:
print in 81 /2 inch format in the 385. In the 386 the continuous test is the whole v\
platen.

Holding down LF while turning on the printer produces a limited sample of eacf

print style. When complete (about two pages, the printer stops and the SEL ligh

ML385 IE E F/W 01.00 YR4084-1113

RES 01.00

LQ-ROMAN 10 CPI

! "#$«&' ()*+,-./ 0123456789: i

<->? @ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ [

\ ]

abode

f
pqrstuvwxyz{I}~ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789is<->?0ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV1
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|

Holding down TOF/QUIET while turning on the printer produces a continuous

the default print style.

ML385 IE E F/W 01.00 YR4084-1113

RES 01.00

!"#$%&'()*+,-./012345678Э!,<->?0ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]abcdef
!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789i ,< = >?8ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]abcdefg
"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789. ,<=>? eABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]л_'abcdefgh

#$%&'()*+,-./01234567891;<->?0ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]abcdefghl
$%&'()"+,-./01234567891 ,<->?eABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]Л_1abcdefghij:

To stop either test, press the MODE button.

The self test printout also provides information about your printer.

ML385 IE E F/W 01.00 YR4084-1113

RES 01.00

Have this information at hand if you call for service.

Chapter 2

Operation

Using the Control Panel

The printer's control panel does more than manipulate paper, it gives yo

command over most of the printing features that affect the look of your documenl
change basic features of each document straight from the panel. Using the M<
mode - entered directly from the panel -you can alter the default settings of othe
(The defaults are those characteristics set automatically when you turn on о
printer.) You can also configure the printer for your system without setting har

switches.

SEL

MODE LINE

FEED

FORM PARK
FEED

TOF/

/QUIET

• •••••

ALARM

POWER

EXIT GROUP ITEM SET

MENU

PRINT

FONT

COURIER

ROMAN

•

PRESTIGE

V.\ ISS

GOTHIC

E OLD

J

4

PRESTIGE

V.\ ISS

GOTHIC

E OLD

J

PRINT (

CHARACTER PITCH

Button Functions

SEL light: When this light is ON, the printer is selected and ready to receive da

computer. When the light is OFF, the printer is deselected and cannot receive

When the light is blinking, the printer is in Print Suppress condition and will ignc
until the Print Suppress condition is turned off.

SEL button: Push this button to select or deselect the printer (SEL light is Oh

ALARM light: This light indicates either that paper is out or that there is an intern

requiring service.

POWER light: This light indicates that the printer is turned on.

MODE button: Sets the printer from the print mode (Menu light off) to the m<

mode (Menu light on).

MENU light: When this light is OFF, the printer is in print mode and the funcl

the buttons are active. When the light is ON the menu select mode is active and t

below the buttons are in operation.

PRINT MODE

LINE FEED button: Advances the paper by one line feed (default line feed ur

line feed has been set by command).

FORM FEED button: Ejects a sheet of paper from the printer. If the CSF is inst;
sheet is automatically inserted. The FORM FEED button should not be used to

PARK button: Retracts continuous form paper from the platen, allows you to
single sheet paper to continuous form paper and back again.

TOF/QUIET button: When the SEL light is ON, this button will switch to and frc
printing mode. When the SEL light is OFF, this button sets the Top Of Form al
printhead position.

MENU SELECT MODE

GROUP button: Switches between the broad menu categories.

ITEM button: Displays the features contained in each of the categories.

SET button: Selects and stores the options available for each feature in the

PRINT button: Prints the current menu settings.

EXIT button: Returns the printer to the print mode (Menu light off).

FONT button: Selects the typeface used to print the document.

PRINT QUALITY button: Selects the quality of print of the typeface.

CHARACTER PITCH button: Selects the size of the printed characters.

COMBINATION FEATURES (Hold down the following buttons while turning

th<

SEL & MODE: Reset the printer menu to default settings.

2-2

SEL & FORM FEED: Enter the hexadecimal dump mode. To exit this mode the p
be turned OFF then ON again.

LINE FEED: A limited sample of each print style available is produced. This t
stopped by pressing the MODE button.

TOF/QUIET: A continuous printing test is initiated. This test is terminated by pr

MODE button.

TOF/QUIET & PARK: Reset the paper loading position to the factory default

Note: All buttons on the control panel are active regardless of whether the printer is selected о

Print Characteristics

These buttons let you control basic printing features without modifying yoi
Simply press a button until the selection you want lights up You can change feć
the printer is either selected or deselected.

Note: This part of the panel always reflects the state of the printer. If your software change

features, the corresponding light will change, too.

FEED FEED

)F

/

/Q

U1ET

FONT юная «амь

PKesrjCF 'д.. '

PRIN

ALARM EXIT CROUP ITEM SET PRINT

POWER

MENU

CHARACTER PITCH

1. Font

There are six resident fonts available in your printer. The font is selected by

FONT button until the appropriate light is illuminated.

COURIER:

ROMAN:
SWISS:
SWISS BOLD:

PRESTIGE:
GOTHIC:

Selected when the COURIER light is on.
Selected when the ROMAN light is on.
Selected when the SWISS light is on.
Selected when the BOLD light is on.
Selected when the COURIER and SWISS lights are on
Selected when the ROMAN and BOLD lights are on.

DLL (if loaded) is selected when all of the FONT lights are out.

2. Print quality
LQ: Letter Quality. Highest level of print quality for your important docur
Utility. Higher speed for drafts, internal documents, and high-volume data p

3. Character pitch

10,12,15,17,20: These determine the width of the characters, indicated in
Per Inch (CPI). Normally 10 and 12 pitch are used for standard text: 15,17;

are used when you want to get more information on a page - in spreadsh

PROP: Proportionally spaced (available in LQ only). The amount of space
each character varies according to the width of the character; for example,
space than "w" does. This improves legibility and gives a more polished t}

1-4

The MODE Button

This button controls the functions of the next four buttons on the panel by sw

printer between Print mode and Menu Select mode. When the printer is in Print

functions shown above the buttons are active, this is the state of the printer wh«

it on.

When the printer is in Menu Select mode, the MENU indicator lights, and tht
shown below the buttons are active - this lets you customise the default sel

number of printer features directly from the control panel.

SEL MODE

LINE
FEED

FORM

FErD

PARK

TOF f

/Сжег

ALARM EXIT CROUP ITEM SET PRINT

MENU

FONT COUKIFR ROMAN

PRESTIGE GOTHIC

S'1- iSS BOLD

PRINT С

CHARACTER PITCH

Print mode

1. LINE FEED button: Press this button to advance the paper one line.

2. FORM FEED button: Press this button to advance the paper to the first prin
next page.

3. PARK button: Use this button with continuous-form paper. When you pr
paper retracts from the front of the printer so you can use single shee

completely removing the continuous forms.

4. TOF/QUIET button: When the printer is deselected, press this button to set tl

of the first print line on the page (Top Of Form).

When the printer is selected, press this button to enter the Quiet mode (QUIET lit
panel). This mode reduces the sound produced by the printer by slowing the prim

Return to normal operation by pressing the button again with the printer selectei

Menu select mode

In this special mode, you can customise your printer so that the features yo
automatically active when you turn it on. The selections you make on the meni
in the printer's permanent memory and, in effect, become default settings, alt
can be changed through software commands, through the control panel,
resetting the menu.

Note: You can override features set on the menu using either the front panel or commands s
computer. However, when you turn off the printer, features set by those methods will be cance
set on the menu will stay in effect, even when the printer is unplugged.

To enter Menu Select mode:

Make sure the printer has ribbon and paper.

Press MODE.

The SEL light goes out, the MENU light goes on. Now press GROUP and the
the menu prints. Here is how it is arranged:

Font

GROUP of

related items

Print Mode

ITEM within

the group

Courier

Current

SETting for

the item

SEL MODE LINE FORM PARK

TOF/

/QUIET

FEED FEED

TOF/

/QUIET

• •••••

ALARM EXIT

CROUP

ITEM SET PRINT

POWER

©

©

ф MfcNU ф

©

FONT

COUR1FR ROMAN

PRESTIGE GOTHIC

S " ISS BOLD

PRINT

CHARACTER PITCH

When the MENU light is on, the bottom button functions are active:

©, ©, ®: Press these buttons to move to the next GROUP, ITEM ar

respectively.

©: Press this button at any time to print a complete listing of the menu wit!
settings.

©: When you have made the changes you want, press EXIT to record the cl

return to the Print mode. (MENU light goes out.)

Note: We recommend that you print out the menu whenever you change settings and keep f

Use the GROUP button to move quickly through the menu. The menu can be
factory default settings by holding down the SELect and MODE buttons sim
during a power on.

2-6

Menu selections

Factory settings are printed in bold

Group

Item

Settings

FONT

GENERAL
CONTROL

VERTICAL
CONTROL

SYMBOL
SETS

SERIAL

INTERFACE

OPTIONS

PRINT MODE

PITCH
STYLE
SIZE
EMULATION MODE
GRAPHICS PRINTING
MAX RECEIVE BUFFER
PAPER OUT OVERRIDE
PRINT REGISTRATION
OPERATOR PANEL

FUNCTIONS

RESET INHIBIT
PRINT SUPPRESS EFFECTIVE

PAGE WIDTH (ML386 only)
CPU COMPENSATION
LINE SPACING

FORM TEAR OFF
SKIP OVER PERFORATION
AUTO LF
AUTO CR (IBM)
AUTO FEED XT (EPSON)

PAGE LENGTH

SHEET PAGE LENGTH

CSF BIN SELECT

CHARACTER SET

CODE PAGE

LANGUAGE SET

ZERO CHARACTER

SLASHED LETTER О

PARITY

SERIAL DATA 7- or 8-BITS

PROTOCOL

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

BUSY LINE

BAUD RATE

DSR SIGNAL

DTR SIGNAL

BUSY TIME

COURIER, SWISS, SWISS BOLD, ROMAN,
LETTER GOTHIC, PRESTIGE ELITE, UTILIP
10, 12, 15, 17.1, 20, PROP.

NORMAL, ITALICS
SINGLE, DOUBLE
EPSON LQ, IBM PPR, IBM X24 AGM
UNIDIRECTIONAL, BIDIRECTIONAL

8K, 23K, 1 LINE
NO, YES
0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, +5, +4, +3, +2, +1

FULL OPERATION, LIMITED

OPERATION

NO, YES

YES, NO

13.6 INCHES, 8 INCHES
STANDARD, SPECIAL
6 LPI, 8 LPI

OFF, 300ms, 1 sec, 2 sec
NO, YES
NO, YES
NO, YES
INVALID, VALID
12 INCHES, 11 INCHES, 11.66 INCHES,

14 INCHES, 17 INCHES, 3 INCHES, 3.5 INC'r
4 INCHES, 5.5 INCHES, 6 INCHES, 7 INCHES
8 INCHES, 8.5 INCHES

11-2/3 INCHES, 14 INCHES, 16.57 INCHES,
3 INCHES, 3.5 INCHES, 4 INCHES,

5.5 INCHES, 6 INCHES, 7 INCHES,
8 INCHES, 8.5 INCHES, 11 INCHES, 12 INCh

BIN 1, BIN 2
IBM SET 2, EPSON, IBM SET 1

USA, MULTILINGUAL, NORWAY, PORTUGA
ASCII, FRENCH, GERMAN, BRITISH, DANISi

SWEDISH I, ITALIAN, SPANISH I, JAPANESE

NORWEGIAN, DANISH II, SPANISH II, LATIN
AMERICAN, FRENCH CANADIAN, DUTCH, S

SWEDISH III, SWEDISH IV, TURKISH, SWISJ
SWISS II, PUBLISHER

UNSLASHED,SLASHED

NO, YES

NONE, ODD, EVEN

8, 7

READY/BUSY, XON/XOFF

NO, YES
SSD - ,SSD+, DTR, RTS

9600 BPS, 4800 BPS, 2400 3PS,

1200 BPS, 600 BPS, 300 BPS, 19200 BPS

VALID, INVALID

READY ON POWER UP, READY ON SELEC

200 MILLISECONDS, 1 SECOND

Explanation of Menu Items

Print Mode: Select the typeface (font) to be used for the printing of your doci

Pitch: Choose character width measured in characters per inch (CPI), or pre

spaced characters (Letter Quality only).

Style: Choose Normal (upright) or Italics (slanted).

Size: Choose Single or Double width and height.

Emulation Mode: Select the printer command set you want your ML385/6 to u:

Epson LQ series, IBM Proprinter X24/XL24, or IBM AGM.

Graphics Printing: Choose unidirectional (left to right only) for better gra
registration at slower speed. Choose bidirectional for higher print speed.

Max Receive Buffer: Select the size of the buffer. This allows you to send large
printer, which can be held

in

the larger buffer and reduce the time that your comp
sending data. If your computer has problems with device time-outs due to the
to clear the buffer, select a smaller buffer size. The time taken to clear the bi
shorter and the computer will be able to resume transmitting data.

Paper Out Override: The paper out detector senses when less than one inc
remains in the printer and stops printing at that point. Choosing Yes overrides t
so you can print closer to the bottom of the page if you are using single sheets
when you use this feature, it lets the printer continue printing when there is no n

which causes a loss of data and may damage the printhead and the platen.

Print Registration: Use this item with bidirectional bit image graphics
registration. Although 0 is generally the best selection, choosing another
compensate for registration problems with some graphics software packages

Operator Panel Functions: Full Operation

is

the normal setting. Choose Limitec
to deactivate the FONT, PRINT QUALITY, CHARACTER PITCH, and MODE
the control panel. You can control these features only through your software,

useful when several people are using the printer and you do not want its setting
This feature also prevents access to the menu. If you want to reactivate the me
the printer, then hold down the MODE button and turn the printer on again,

normal menu procedures to reset this item to Full Operation.

1-8

Reset Inhibit: Choose Yes if you want the printer to ignore your software's ini

commands. This allows you to set printer features using the control panel which

automatically overridden by the initialisation string that is often sent by software
at the beginning of each job.

Print Suppress Effective. Select VALID when you want the print suppress con-
each of the emulations to be active. The print suppress commands are ignored
option is set to INVALID.

Page Width: This feature only appears in the menu on the ML386 printer. 13.6
the default setting. Choose 8 inches when you are printing in A4 portrait orient

CPU Compensation: Select Standard if the printer is to be used with Microsoft
version 2.xx. This avoids a Centronics parallel interface timing problem.

Line Spacing: Choose 6 lines per inch (1/6inch spacing) or 8 LPI (1/8inch sps

Form Tear Off: If the selection Form Tear Off is on, continuous form p

automatically advance to its tear off position after the time selected in the menu ha

(300 ms, 1 second or 2 seconds).

If the selection is set to OFF, the paper

will

not advance to the tear off position whe

is received.

Skip Over Perforation: Choose Yes if you want the printer to advance automatic
next page when it comes within one inch of the bottom of the page. If your softws
own page formatting controls, set this item to No to avoid interference.

Auto LF: Choose Yes to have the printer automatically add a Line Feed commar
Carriage Return command it receives. The choice depends on whether your
adds a Line Feed. If your printout is consistently double spaced, select No. If it о
choose Yes.

Auto CR (IBM): Choose Yes to have the printer automatically add a Carriage
each Line Feed command it receives. This feature is used only in IBM emulatic

Auto Feed XT (Epson): Choose Valid to have the printer automatically feed a li
to each Carriage Return command it receives when the printer is turned on. Th
is used only in Epson emulations.

Page Length: Choose the length of the paper you are using. This enables the
keep track of the initial printing position on each page (Top Of Form).

Sheet Page Length: Cut sheet page length can be set independently from cc

form length.

CSF Bin Select: This option allows you to select each of the bins in a dual bin
store separate Top Of Form settings for each of the bins. The TOF can be set for
after exiting the menu select mode.

Character Set: Choose IBM Character Set 1, Set 2 or EPSON. (See Appenc

Code Page: The selected Code Page is available as the IBM Character Sets

All Character Set. The characters are accessed in the same way, using the

ESC 7 to select Character Set I, ESC 6 to select Character Set II and ESC л с

n2 to select the All Character Set. The Code Pages can be found in Appendi

All of the printing modes are available when the Code Page option is selecte

The Code Page option must be set to USA (Code Page 437) in order to access t

Character Sets (refer to Appendix B). The Multilingual Code Page (850) \

international characters which have replaced many of the mathematical symb
graphics found in the All Character Set. The other Code Pages contain chara
are more specific to the requirements of an individual country, for example Cod

(Norway).

Language Set: These sets replace certain symbols with special characters

respective foreign languages.

Zero Character: Choose Slashed when it is important to distinguish between
a capital letter O.

Slashed Letter 0: Character 0(155) and ¥(l 57) will be set to 0 and 0, if this is

The following items are used only if the optional serial interface has been in;
Appendix С for details.

Parity: Selects parity.
Serial Data 7- or 8-Bit: Selects data format.

Protocol: Selects interface protocol.

Diagnostic Test: Activates the printer's interface diagnostic test.

Busy Line: Selects line used for busy signal.

Baud Rate: Selects data transmission speed.
DSR Signal: Sets the Data Set Ready (DSR) signal.

DTR Signal: Selects Data Terminal Ready (DTR) signal status.

Busy Time: Sets busy signal timing.

Note: When the Serial Data 7-/8-Bits is set to 7, the parity must be set to either ODD or EVEN. 7

will not be accepted if the parity is set to NONE.

1-10

Cleaning

Every six months (or after about 300 hours of operation), take a clean, dry cloth

the area around the carriage shaft and platen. Be sure to remove any loose p;

paper. Do not use solvents or strong detergents on the cabinet. Be sure to turn t
OFF before cleaning.

Problem Solving

Here are some of the most common printer problems and how to solve them. If yc
having difficulties, get help from your dealer.

What if...

...nothing happens at all when I turn on the printer?

The printer may not be plugged in. Check the power cord connection to the printe

outlet. If you are using a power strip, make sure it is turned on.

...the ALARM light goes on?

You may be out of paper, or the paper has jammed. The SEL light will also go out
you have reloaded paper, the paper must cover the groove in the left side of tl"
Then press the SEL button. If the alarm light does not go out when you reload pai

is probably a malfunction in the printer that requires service.

...the printer does not print when the computer sends it data?

The printer may be deselected-lf the SEL light is out, press the SEL button.

...the paper keeps jamming?

Several things can cause paper jams. Here are a few tips on how to avoid ther

• Be sure to set Top Of Form above the bail (column indicator). If you set it belo\
of the page will catch on the bail.

• Always use the bail lever or the platen knob to feed paper into the printer. Di

the Form Feed button for this, if you do, the paper will catch on the bail or th

cover.

If the paper does jam, back it out of the printer carefully using the platen knob. E
remove any shreds of paper from the printer.

...the printer suddenly changes to unidirectional printing, then stops com

the MENU light flashes?

This is a feature designed to protect the printhead. Heat can build up in the prin

it has been printing for a long time, so when the printhead reaches a certain te
the printer switches to unidirectional printing. If heat continues to increase, th<
stop until the printhead cools down. It will then resume printing.

...there are dots missing in my printouts?

The head gap may not be set correctly. Try moving the head gap lever to a lo

If that does not help, the printhead may be damaged - call for service.

...my word processor files do not print the way I have the menu and front

Before sending a file to the printer, many word processors send an "initialise

This string contains codes that reset the printer to a default set of features, ot

printer might accidentally print using features set for a previous

job.

The codes
panel or menu settings. The printer's Menu can be set in order to ignore these
commands. Setthe menu option RESET INHIBIT to YESto maintain control pa

for a job.

...the menu and print feature buttons do not work?

The OPERATOR PANEL FUNCTIONS item on the printer menu can be use
these features. If the printer is part of a customised system or if it is used by

people, the system manager may have used this option to make sure the print
set properly.

...I want to cancel all of the changes that I have made to the menu?

By holding down the SEL and MODE button simultaneously while you turn or

you will reset the printer menu to the factory default settings.

...I want to check the data my computer is sending to the printer?

Use the hexadecimal dump mode. To enter this mode, hold the SEL and F'

buttons down while you turn on the printer. All data sent to the printer, includ
printer commands, will print in both hexadecimal and ASCII format. (In the A
all non-printable codes will be represented by a period.) For example, this lir
code:

LPRINT CHRS(27);"0";CHR$(30);"12345";CHR$(10)

would print like this:

IB 30 IE 31 32 33 34 35 OD OA .0. 1234J

To return to normal printing, turn the printer off, then on again.

2- 12

Chapter 3

Computer Control

Printer Drivers

For applications running under MS-DOS or a similar operating system, it is nee

install the printer driver for each of the applications. Installation procedures
standard and may vary from application to application. The best place to find prin
information is in the application software manual.

General Hints

Most software packages ask for the printer to be selected from a list of supported

For the ML385/6 select the ML390/1 printer driver, if this driver is not available
Epson LQ printer driver or an IBM Proprinter X24/XL24 or IBM Proprinter X24/XL
printer driver. If none of these are available select a general printer driver. It is pos
other printer drivers may not fully support all of your printers features, if possibk
the ML390/1 driver.

If an appropriate printer driver is not available it is sometimes possible to obtain
the software manufacturer/dealer.

When switching from Epson to IBM modes ensure that the printer and the
package are both in the same mode.

Commercial Software

This chapter explains the fundamentals of controlling the printer through yoi

It covers MS-DOS printing commands, and the fundamentals of setting up
package for use with your printer, and some tips on writing BASIC programs to
printer. This information should help you get started, be sure to read yc
documentation carefully for more details.

DOS commands for printing ASCII text files

PRINT filename
TYPE filename > devicename
COPY filename devicename

If you have used a word processor or other software package to prepare you
it is usually easiest to use that package's print commands to print it. This is par
if the software lets you control a document's appearance—page length, marc
features, and so on.

However, if your software does not control these kinds of features, it is just as
using DOS commands. Some packages even have a print to disk feature, soy
the file on a disk in a format that DOS can later read and send to the printer

PRINT

PRINT is a background utility that lets you print a file while you are runr
program. Once you have given the command to print your file, you can go о

task on your computer, without waiting until printing is finished.

Note: PRINT is not a DOS command but a separate program, so if you want to use it, the file PR
be on one of your disks.

2-

2

Example

In this example, we are going to print a file called NOTES.TXT, which is on th
subdirectory of the computer's hard disk drive (drive C:). The PRINT.COM prog
in the main (root) directory of the C: drive.

Begin by typing the following at the prompt: PRINT с: \ work \ notes.txt [RETUf

You will see this display on your screen: Name of list device [PRN]:

If your printer is connected to the LPT1: parallel printer port, just press [RETUF
connected to another port (LPT2:, C0M1:, or COM2:), type the name of the port

г

[RETURN],

Next you wili see this display:

Resident part of PRINT installed

C:\WORK\NOTES.TXT is currently being printed

The file will print.

Note: If you are not sure which printer port your system uses, try pressing return to specify [PRN],
name PRN refers to LPT1 - the default DOS port. This is the port most printers are connected tc

Once you have used PRINT during a work session, DOS will remember the d«

specified and will not have to ask you again where the printer is. Of course, turni
computer or restarting it will erase this information from memory.

TYPE

If you do not have a copy of PRINT.COM available, you can use TYPE, redirectir

to your printer. If you are not using LPT1: as your printer port, substitute the nam
port for LPT1 in our example.

Example

TYPE с: \ work \ notes.txt > LPT1

COPY

Just as you use this command to copy a file from one disk or directory to another
copy a text file to the printer. If you are not using LPT1: as your printer port, subs
name of your port for LPT1 in our example.

Example

COPY с: \ work \ notes.txt LPT1

Changing the default printer port

If your system does not use LPT1: to connect the printer to the computer, yoi
which port DOS should use as its default. At the DOS prompt, enter the approf
command(s).

Then enter:

MODE LPTI: = COM 1:

Note: The serial interface board is an option. See your dealer for ordering information.

If your serial interface is COM2:, replace COM1: in the commands showr

COM2:. Likewise, your parallel interface may be LPT3:, in which case, chanc

command to MODE LPT3:.

To avoid having to re-enter the MODE command(s) every time you reset tl"
enter them in your computer's AUTOEXEC.BAT file. To create an AUTOEXE
edit an existing one, use a text editor or a word processor

in

a mode that allows

ASCII text

files. If you

are editing yoursystem's AUTOEXEC. BATfile, be surer

or delete anything already in the file.

For more information on working with AUTOEXEC.BAT files, see your DOS

DOS based software

Your printer is designed to emulate three different printers: the Epson LQ se

Proprinter X24/XL24, and the IBM Proprinter X24/XL24 AGM (Alternate Gra

The menu item General control/Emulation mode lets you select one of these

Most software running on today's personal computers is capable of printing о
of these standard printers. Usually, all you will have to do to run your softws
how the program selects a printer. Then match the software's printer selection
emulation you have chosen on the printer's menu.

There are too many software packages for us to give details on installing a
drivers for each one. If you decide to customise a driver, use the descriptions
codes in Chapter 4 to get an idea of what kinds of features you can add and tl

will need to control them. Start with an existing driver, make a backup copy

с

add the features and settings you want.

Of course, the best source of information about customising drivers is у
package's manual, so be sure to study it carefully before you start.

Serial interface

First enter:
MODE COM1: 9600,N,8,1,P

Parallel interface

Enter:
MODE LPT2:

1-4

Basic Programming

The LPRINT command in BASIC makes output go to the printer rather than to th
To send text to the printer, simply enclose the words in double quotes:

LPRINT "Aline of text"

The statement above prints the line of text, and then moves the printing posit

beginning of the next line. If you do not want this automatic carriage return and
put a semicolon (;) after the data:

LPRINT "A line of text";
LPRINT"... and this text is on the same line"

Keep in mind, however, that BASIC automatically adds a carriage return and line

the 80th character in a line. If necessary, you can use a WIDTH statement to ch;

For serial printers

If you are using your printer with a serial interface, you have to be sure to redirt
from the computer to the serial port you are using, either COM1: or COM2:, rath
the default port, LPT1:. There are two ways to do this:

1 . If you are using DOS, you can use the MODE command. Then, use the

command in your BASIC programs, just as we do in our examples.

2. You can also redirect output to COM1: or COM2: from within BASIC, by openin

as a file and printing your data to that file. If you want to run any of our sample p
you will need to modify them. At the beginning of your program, include one
statements:

OPEN "COM1:9600,N,8,1" AS #1
or
OPEN "COM2:9600,N,8,1" AS #1

Then, to print data, use the PRINT# 1 command, being sure to include a comma
the # 1 and the data:

PRINT#1, "A line of text"

Like the PRINT command, PRINT# 1 automatically moves the print position to the

unless you use a semicolon (;) after the data.

When you send an LPRINT statement, the text between the quotation marks is с
to a string of numbers, which are then processed by the printer and output a
patterns that make up the individual characters. Each character is assigned a
value according to the American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Since ASCII is a standard coding system, most computers, printers and oth<
devices can interpret ASCII data.

There are 256 ASCII codes. The codes from 0 to 127 are completely stands
a handful of minor exceptions), while those from 128 to 255 are used in a less s
to represent a variety of special characters.

Although most of the ASCII codes represent alphanumeric and punctuation s
will notice that the codes from 0 to 31, as well as 127, do not correspon
characters. These are control codes, special characters used to control a w
peripheral equipment, from monitors to modems to the devices that inten
printers.

One of the most important control codes is the ESC character, decimal 27,1

1B. Many of the more complicated commands begin with ESC, which serve:
to the printer that what follows is to be interpreted as a command rather than
of characters.

Since the control codes do not represent any character on your keyboard, you
them to the printer enclosed in double quotes, as you would with text. Inste?
to use the CHR$ function, which lets you send the decimal or hexadecima
character. For example, the escape character is represented as CHR:
hexadecimal, as CHR$(&H1B). (Notice that hexadecimal numbers in BASIC г
by &H to distinguish them from simple letters or decimal numbers.)

Of course, you can also use the CHR$ function to output printable characters:
CHR$(65) represents the letter

A.

However, it is usually easierto type letters,

r
punctuation marks, and your BASIC programs will be much easier to read if у
characters, enclosed in quotes, wherever possible.

Another use for the CHR$ function is to send the value you are assigning tc

in a printer command. Some commands expect you to fill in a numeric value,

tab stops, line spacing, etc. These values have to be given as the argumer
function.

1-6

Chapter 4

Control Code Reference

This chapter describes your printers printing and formatting features and the
control them. It is not just for programmers, if you want to modify your softwar
particular function, or if you want to embed extra commands in a document, у
the necessary information here. Even if you just use the front panel to control у(

the explanations of the features and how they work will be helpful .

In this chapter we list each control code in decimal, hexadecimal and ASCII no-
control code table in Appendix A gives you a quick reference for each functior

Because your printer can emulate three printers, there may be as many as thre
ways to control a particular function, depending on the emulation you have sell
the menu. To make sure you know which one to use, we have marked the comn

letters to indicate which emulation they apply to:

E = Epson LQ series

P = IBM Proprinter X24/XL24
A = IBM Proprinter X24/XL24 AGM (Alternate Graphics Mode)

In many cases, all three emulations use the same commands. In almost all cases
emulations use the same commands. Details on specific emulations fall under a

headings. These separate sections only appear when there are differences ć

emulations.

Character Style

Print Quality

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Select LQ/Utility print quality

27 120 n

1B 78 n

ESC x n

E

n = 1 : Select LQ n = 0 : Select utility

EPSON

Use utility printing for drafts and other documents that you want to print quickly.
Quality) printing is slower than Utility, but the characters are crisper and mo
characters produced by a typewriter. Use LQ for final drafts and important d

where appearance matters. Your printer's front panel or the Menu Select modi
select print quality.

IBM

You can use the ESC I command to specify LQ or utility printing.

Emphasized and enhanced

printing

1 1

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Begin emphasized printing

27 69

1 В

45

ESC E E

End emphasized printing

27 70

1 В

46 ESC F E

Begin enhanced printing

27 71 1В 47 ESC G

End enhanced printing

27 72 1В 48

ESC H

E

Your printer produces bold type by printing each dot of a character twice inste

In emphasized printing, the pairs of dots are offset horizontally, enhancec

produced with a vertical offset.

You can combine enhanced and emphasized printing for an especially bole

headlines, try using them in combination with double width characters. Yc

combine emphasized printing with double height characters.

Select typeface

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Select typeface

27107 n 1В 6B n ESC kn

E

n = 0 Roman

1 Swiss
2 Courier

3 Prestige
122 Swiss Bold
124 Letter Gothic
126 Resident (Courier)

This command allows you to select a typeface. The resident Courier typef
printer's default. (A resident font is built into the printer) You can switch eas
resident typefaces by substituting the appropriate value for the variable in
sequence. You can also use Menu Select mode or the FONT button on the prin
panel to select resident typefaces.

I

Italics

•

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Begin italics

27 52 1B 34 ESC 4

I

End italics

27 53 1В 35 ESC 5 i

Begin italics

27 37 71 1В 25 47

ESC % G I

End italics 27 37 72 1В 25 48 ESC % H

I

Italic printing is slanted (e.g. Oki) and is used to lend emphasis to phrases, s<

entire paragraphs.

4-2

If you intend to print an entire document in italics, you may choose to select t

style in Menu Select mode.

Outline and Shadow

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

(

Begin outline

27 113 1

1B

71

01

ESCq
SOH

E

End shadow

27 1132 1В

71

02

ESC q STX

E

Begin shadow and outline

27 113 3 1В

71

03

ESC q ETX E

Cancel shadow and/or outline

27113 0 1В

71

00

ESCq NUL E

Use the outline and shadow effects to produce more interesting and stylish heac
can be combined together as well as with emphasised and /or enhanced prir
even more striking effect.

Note: Outline and shadow printing commands can only be used for printing characters, they ca
to print line graphics.

Character Size

Character pitch Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Begin 10 CPI (Pica)

27 80 1В 50

ESC P E

Begin 12 CPI (Elite)

27 77 1B4D

ESC M

E

Begin 10 CPI (Pica)

18

12

DC2

P

Begin 12 CPI (Elite)

27 58

1В ЗА

ESC:

P

Begin 15 CPI

27 103

1B 67

ESC g

E

Character pitch, or width, is measured in Characters Per Inch (CPI). For exar
CPI, each character is 1/10 inch wide. The double width and compresse
commands interact with the basic pitches listed above to produce a range ol
widths. See the Character Width table below for all possible widths.

Pitch can also be set in Menu select mode or on the printer's control panel. In adc
is one of the features available through the print mode combination commar
emulations.

Character Width

Pitch

Double width

Compressed*(Ep;

10 CPI

5 CPI

17.1 CPI

12 CPI 6 CPI

20 CPI

15 CPI

7.5 CPI Cannot be compre:

17.1 CPI

8.5 CPI Cannot be compre:

20 CPI

10 CPI

Cannot be compre:

Proportional

Proportional double Proportional conde

* These compressed width values apply to the Epson emulation only. In IBM emulations, the
produces 17.1 CPI and ESC SI produces 20 CPI regardless of initial pitch.

Proportional Spacing

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Proportional Spacing

27112 1 1B 70 n

ESC p n

E

n = 1: Begin proportional spacing n = 0: End proportional spacing

Proportional Spacing

27 80 n 1B 50 n ESC P n

P

n = 1: Begin proportional spacing n = 0: End proportional spacing

Proportional spacing adjusts the space between letters to compensate for t
widths of individual characters. Unlike fixed spacing, where all characters are for
a matrix of uniform width at a specified pitch, proportional spacing gives more
space to wide characters, such as w or M, and less to narrow characters, such a
printed result is more attractive and easier to read than fixed-space printing.

Because the characters have different widths, proportionally spaced fonts ha>
pitch. Therefore, margin settings are only approximate unless your software
supports proportional spacing. Proportional spacing is available only with Let

(LQ) printing. You can also select proportional spacing in Menu Select mode
printer's control panel. In addition, proportional spacing is one of the feature:
through the print mode combination commands in all the emulations.

Double Width Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Double width printing

or

27 87 n
28 69 n

1В 57 n

1С 45 n

ESC Wn
FS E n

E

E

n = 1: Begin double width printing n = 0: End Double width printing

Begin one-line dble width printing
Begin one-line dble width printing

End one-line dble width printing

14
27 14
20

0E

1B 0E

14

SO
ESC SO
DC4

E
E
E

1-4

Use these commands to produce characters twice as wide as regular char;
example, if the current character pitch is 12 CPI, double width characters will pri

The Character Width table shows all the possible combinations. The one-line dc

commands are especially convenient for titles and headlines, since they turn

width printing automatically at the end of the line. If you want

to

cancel one-line

dc
printing before the line ends, send a DC4 or ESC W 0 command. (But note tha
use ESC W1 to turn on continuous double width printing, the only way to stop it i

W 0; DC4 has no effect.)

You can also choose continuous double width printing in Menu Select mode.

Epson

The one-line double width command ESC SO is identical in function to the SO

Compressed printing Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Begin compressed printing

15

OF

SI E

Epson: depends on current pitch IBM: prints in 17.1 CPI

Begin compressed printing

27 15 1B OF

ESC SI E

Epson: depends on current pitch IBM: prints in 20 CPI

End compressed printing

18

12

DC2

E

Epson

The SI and ESC SI commands function identically. If the current pitch is 1i
compressed printing command will produce 17.1 CPI printing. With a current
CPI, compressed printing is 20 CPI. When you send the DC2 command, the
return to whatever basic pitch was in effect before you began compressed pri

IBM

SI produces

17.1

CPI from all pitches except 12 CPI, while ESC

SI

results in 20 С

no matter what the current pitch is. To turn off compressed printing in the IBM e

send one of the basic pitch commands.

Double Height

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Double height printing

27

31

n

1B 1Fn

ESC US n Е

or

27 119 n 1B 77 n

ESC w n Е

or

28 86 n 1С 56 n

FS Vn Е

n = 1: Begin double height printing n

= 0: End double height printing

Double height printing

27

91

64 4 0

0 0

n1

n2

1B 5B 40 04

00 00 00
n1 n2

ESC[@ EOT

NUL NUL
NUL

n1

n2

Р

Double height printing produces characters twice as tall as normal size charac

be combined with double width and emphasized printing for an even more strih

When you use double height printing, you will probably need to adjust the line
accommodate the taller characters. The variables in the IBM command let you

adjustment as you select the height of your characters.

Epson

Begin double height printing by replacing n with 1, and return to normal height
using 0 in place of n. To adjust for the height of the taller letters, use the lir

commands described later in this chapter.

IBM

This command lets you specify character width and line spacing in addition to

height. The various combinations of these three features are determined by

given to the variables

n1

and n2, with n1 controlling character height and line sp

n2 controlling character width.

Values for n1 (IBM)

Value

Result

0 Current line spacing and character height
1 Current line spacing, standard character height
2

Current line spacing, double character height
16 Single line spacing, current character height
17 Single line spacing, standard character height
18 Single line spacing, double character height

32 Double line spacing, current character height
33

Double line spacing, standard character height

34 Double line spacing, double character height

Values for n2 (IBM)

Value

Result

0 Current character width
1 Standard character width
2 Double character width

Example (IBM)

To use double height characters with double the normal line spacing, without ch
width of the characters, use this BASIC statement:

LPRINT CHR$(27);"[@";CHR$(4);CHR$(0);CHR$(0);CHR$(0);CHR$(34);CH

1-6

Print Features

Underlining

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Underlining 27 45 n

1B 2D n

ESC-n

E

n = 1: Begin underlining n = 0: End underlining

This command underscores all characters, including the space character, but

underscore graphics or the space produced by a horizontal tab character.

Overscore

Decimal I .

I decimal

ASCII

С

Overscore 27 95 n

1B5Fn

ESC_n

P

n = 1: Begin overscore n = 0: End overscore

IBM

This command prints a continuous line over all characters, including the space

but does not overscore the space produced by a horizontal tab command.

Set Scoring style

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Set Scoring style 27 40 45

1В 28 2D

ESC(- E

n1 n2 m

n1 n2 m

n1 n2 m

d1 d2 d1 d2

d1 d2

EPSON

This command lets you specify the style and location of line scoring. n1 must be
be 0 and m must be 1. The various combinations of these two features are dete
the values given to the valuables

d1

and d2, with d1 controlling the location of li

and d2 controlling the style.

d1 Location | d2

Style

1 underline

0

cancel scoring

2 strike-through

1

single line

3

overscore

2

double line

5

single, broken line

6

double, broken line

Superscripts and subscripts

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Begin superscript/subscript

27 83 n 1В 53 n

ESC S n E

n = 1: Begin subscript n = 0: Begin superscript

End superscript/subscript

27 84 1B 54

ESC T E

Superscript characters are printed above the normal print line, and are used for

and special typographic effects (X2; MICROLINE®). Subscripts are handy fo

formulas (H20).

If you are using compressed printing, superscripts and subscripts will print a;

characters. Subscripts cannot be used with double height printing.

1-8

Combined Commands

Combined commands Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

©

Print mode combinations

27 33 n 1В

21

n

ESC In

E

n = 0 to 255

Print mode combinations

27 73 n 1B 49 n

ESC I n

P /

These commands provide a shortcut for specifying combinations of features
escape sequence. However, the two versions differ both

in

the features accessit

the command and in the way you specify those features.

Epson

The ESC ! command lets you use any combination of the features listed in the ts
To determine the value of n, add up the values for all the features you wish to u:
off all these features and return to 10 CPI printing, substitute 0 for n.

Epson Print mode combinations

Features

Value

Underline

128
Italics 64
Double width 32
Enhanced

16

Emphasized

8
Compressed 4
Proportional 2

Elite (12 CPI) 1

For example, to print underlined italics at 12 CPI, assign n the value 193 (128

Each time you send the ESC I command, it sets or cancels the values for all r
features it controls (the eight features listed in the table, plus 10 CPI). This me
you have requested 12 CPI underlined italics, and then want to add emphasize
to these features, you must add 8 (the value for emphasized print) to 193 anc
command as: ESC I 201. Just sending ESC I 8 would turn off all the other fea
turned on emphasized print.

Example

To see the range of print styles you can produce with ESC I n, run the following si

program, which prints a sample of each possible combination. (Since the proc
all 256 combinations, it will take a few minutes and about 12 pages for the ent
to print.)

10 FOR I = ОТО 255
20 LPRINT:LPRINT
30 LPRINT CHR$(27);"!";CHR$(I);"ESC !";l;"selects this combination."
40 NEXT I

IBM

This command allows you to select print quality and character spacing for res

Substitute a value for n from the table below.

IBM Print mode combinations

Value of n

Print mode

0

10 CPI utility
2 10 CPI LQ
3

Proportional LQ
4

10 CPI DLL utility
6

10 CPI DLL LQ
7 Proportional DLL LQ
8

12 CPI utility

10

12 CPI LQ

12

12 CPI DLL utility

14

12 CPI DLL LQ

16

17.1 CPI utility

18

17.1 CPI LQ

20

17.1 CPI DLL utility

22 17.1 CPI DLL LQ
24 15 CPI utility

26

15 CPI LQ

32 20 CPI utility
34 20 CPI LQ

1-10

Select Font

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

©

Select Font 27

91

73 n1

1В 5B 49 n1

ESC [ I n1

P A

n2 ml

n2

n2

m2

p1

p2 r1

ml m2

p1

p2

ml m2

r1

p1 p2 r1

IBM

n1 n2: number of parameters n1 +256*n2
ml m2: Font ID number 256 * ml + m2
p1 p2: Font width 256 * p1 + p2
r1: spacing

n1 and n2 are the number of bytes in the sequence. Normally this will be five, so

r

n2 = 0.

Typeface

ml m2

Typeface

ml

Courier

000 008 Roman

000

000 011

000

000

018

000

000

049

000

000 085 Letter Gothic

000

000 092

000

000 098

000
000 171
000 223
000

226

Prestige Elite 000

012
000 080
000 086
000 100
000

164
000

221

ml and m2 define the Font ID number of the font to be selected. See table bel

p1 and p2 define the font width in units of Vu4o inch.

For example:

To set 10 CPI, p1 = 0 and p2 = 144.

P1

p2

Description

000 000

No change

000

072 20 pitch

000

084

17 pitch

000 096

15 pitch

000

120

12 pitch

000

144 10 pitch

See table below.

if p1 =0 and p2 = 0, there is no change.

r1 defines the font spacing.

If r1 = 0, no change.
If r1 = 1, fixed pitch defined by p1 and p2 is available.

If r1 = 2, proportional spacing is defined.

1-12

Character Spacing

Character spacing Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Set character spacing

27 32 n

1B 20 n

ESC SP n

E

n = Oto 127

Use this command to adjust the amount of space to the right of each character,
is expressed in dots; the number of dots per inch depends on the current print

shown in the table on next page.

Character spacing increments

Print quality

CPI

DPI

10

180

12

180

LQ

15

180

17

180

20

180

10

120

12

120

DRAFT

15

120

17

120

20

120

PROPORTIONAL

180

PROPORTIONAL

(CONDENSE)

180

Character Sets

National Characters

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

1

Select national character set and
code pages

27 82 n 1В 52 n

ESC R n

E

Select national character set

27 33 n

1 В 21

n ESC I n P

Select code page

27

91

84 1B 5B 54

ESC[ T ENQ

P

5 0 0 0 n1 05 00 00 00 NUL NUL
n2 0 n 1 n2 00 NUL

n1

n2

NUL

These commands allow you to select character sets that replace some les

used characters with symbols used in a variety of European languages.

EPSON

The EPSON Emulation offers a set of national character sets and code
following tables give the value of n to select the different character sets. The

Portugal, Norway and Turkey code pages are resident in the printer.

When a code page is selected and national character set command is sent, th<
will be reset to USA (All Character Set).

When the code page selection command is sent, the national character set wi
default.

1-14

National Character Sets / Code Pages Epson

n

Epson Italic Epson Graphics

ESC t NUL

ESC t SOH

0

American American

1

French

French

2

German

German

3

British

British

4

Danish I

Danish I

5

Swedish I

Swedish I

6

Italian

Italian

7

Spanish I

Code Page Cyrillic

8

Japanese

Japanese

9

Norwegian

Norwegian

10

Danish II

Danish II

11

Spanish II

Spanish II

12

Latin American

Latin American

13

French Canadian

French Canadian

14

Dutch

Dutch

15

Swedish II

Swedish II

16

Swedish III

Swedish III

17

Swedish IV

Swedish IV

18

Turkish

Turkish

19

Swiss I

Swiss I

20

Swiss II

Swiss II

26

Code Page Multilingual 850

Code Page Multilingual 850

27 Code Page Norway 865

Code Page Norway 865

28

Code Page Portugal 860

Code Page Portugal 860

29

Code PageTurkey

Code Page Turkey

64

Publisher

Publisher

National Character Sets

IBM

Value

of n

Nationality

Value

of n

Nationali

64

ASCII (slashed zero)

73

Italian

65

ASCII (unslashed zero)

74

French Canadian

66

British

75

Spanish

67

German

76

Swedish

II

68

French

77

Swedish

III

69

Swedish

I

78

Swedish

IV

70

Danish

79

Turkish

71

Norwegian

80

Swiss

I

72

Dutch

81

Swiss

II

90

Publisher

1-16

Select italics/graphics

characters

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Select italics, graphics or DLL chars

27116 n

1 В

74 n

ESC t n

E

or

28 73 n

1С 49 N

FS I n

E

n = 0; Italics; n = 1: Graphics; n = 2: DLL (only for ESC t n)

Epson

You can specify the set of characters to occupy decimal values 160 to 255,

<

characters or a set of special symbols and graphics characters. Refer to Appenc
tables of these characters. You will notice that with either of these sets se
characters from decimal 128 to 159 are either control codes or are unused.

If you want to use one of the IBM character sets, you will first have to send this

selecting graphics characters by substituting 1 for the variable n.lf you have d(

(DLL) custom characters (refer to Chapter 5), the upper half of the character

1

128 to 255) is replaced by the DLL characters that you have created.

When you create characters they are assigned values from 0 to 127, therefore
and they are copied to the upper half of the table you must add 128 to the assic
in order to print them. If you select n = 2 without defining any characters, the ch
the lower half of the table are duplicated in the upper half.

IBM character set

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Select IBM Character Set I

27 55 1В 37

ESC 7

E

Select IBM Character Set II

27 54

1B36

ESC 6

E

Both of these character sets contain special symbols and graphics characters

to the standard alphanumerics. The difference is that in Set II, decimal values

and 128 to 159 represent printable characters, while in Set I, these positions
occupied by control codes or unused. Refer to Appendix В for the character t;

All character set Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Select All Character Set

27 92 n1
n2

1B 5C n1

n2

ESC \ n1

n2

P

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Print one character in All
Character Set

27 94 1B 5E

ESC

л

P

IBM

The All Characters Set, shown in Appendix B, contains only printable char;
the exception of decimal codes 0 and 255. Besides giving you a broad range
characters and other special symbols, the All Characters Set is a handy debug,
programmers, since you can print out and examine files that contain control
escape sequences.

If you just want to print a single character from this set, use the ESC л comman

character printed will be taken from the All Characters Set.

Printing continuously from the All Characters Set is a little more complicated, fr

have to specify how many characters you intend to print. If you are printing few
characters, substitute the number of characters for the variable n1, and replac
To print 256 or more characters, divide the number of characters you want to p

Replace n2 with the whole number result, and assign the remainder to n1.

When you send this command, the next n1 +(n2 x 256) characters will come

Characters Set.

Examples

To print the next 80 characters from the All Characters Set, use this BASIC s

LPRINT CHR$(27);"\";CHR$(80);CHR$(0)

To print the next 600 characters from the All Characters Set, use this BASIC

LPRINT CHR$(27);"\";CHR$(88);CHR$(2)

(600 divided by 256 is 2, with a remainder of 88.)

Code Page

Normally the Code Page USA is the base for printable characters for the 1В1Ч/

Sets I and

11

and the All Character

Set.

In sets I and

11

some areas are used for со

in the All Character Set all 255 positions are printable.

These printable characters are reassigned using the Code Page option, the cc

in the IBM sets I and II do not change.

To select code pages in IBM emulation, take the IBM ID number and divide it by
this number to

n1

and the remainder to n2. The Multilingual, Portugal, Norway
code pages are resident in the printer. To select all other code pages the relev
containing the code page must be installed in the 1С card slot.

Example

To specify code page 850 use this BASIC statement:

LPRINT CHR$(27) ;"[T';CH R$(5) ;CHR$(0) ;CH R$(0) ;CHR$(0) ;CH R$(3) ;CH R$(82

4-18

IBM

Code Pages

ID

Code Page
437 USA
850

Multilingual

851

(reserved)

852

(reserved)

853

(reserved)

855

(reserved)

860

Portugal

862

(reserved)

863

(reserved)

864

(reserved)

865

Norway

876

(reserved)

877

(reserved)

899

(reserved)

909

(reserved)

911

(reserved)

1000

(reserved)

1001

(reserved)

1002

(reserved)

1003

(reserved)

1004

(reserved)

1005

(reserved)

1006

(reserved)

1007

(reserved)

1008

(reserved)

1009

(reserved)

1010

(reserved)

1011

(reserved)

1012

Turkey

1013

(reserved)

1014

(reserved)

1015

(reserved)

1016

(reserved)

1017

(reserved)

1018

(reserved)

Margins

Set left and right margin

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Set left margin

27 108 n 1В 6C n

ESC I n E

n = 0 to 254

Set right margin

27

81

n 1В

51

n ESC Q n E

n = 1 to 255

Set left and right margins

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

с

Set left and right margins

27 88

n1

n2 1B 58

n1

n2

ESC X

n1

n2 P

n1: Left margin n2: Right margin n1 = 0 to 245: n2 = 1 to 255

In both margin commands, you set margins by columns. The actual position of
depends on the current pitch: a margin of 10 columns will come out as one inc
and one-half inch in 20 CPI. However, once you have set a margin, its absoli

remains the same, even if you change pitch, until you specifically reset the m
saves you the work of adjusting margins with every pitch change in your doci

You should always send margin commands at the beginning of a line.

Be sure to specify a right margin that is at least one more than the left margir

Epson

Sending the left margin command will cancel any horizontal tab stops you ms
set, returning the printer to its default of tab stops every eight columns.

Range of Margin Settings

ML 385

ML 386

Pitch

Left Right Left

10 CPI/proportional

0-79

1-80

0-135

12 CPI 0-95 1-96

0-162

15 CPI 0-119

1-120

0-203

17.1 CPI

0-136

1-137 0-232

20 CPI

0-159 1-160

0-254

1-20

IBM

If you just want to change one of the margins, give a value of 0 for the margin

1

want to change. The default left margin for the two IBM emulations is 1; for d(

margins, see the table below.

Pitch ML 385

ML 386

10 CPI 80

136

12 CPI/proportional 96

163

15 CPI

120

204

17.1 CPI

137

233

20 CPI

160

255

Justification Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

с

Justification

27 97 n

1B61 n

ESC an

E

n = 0: Left n = 1: Centre n = 2: Right n = 3: Full (left and right)

Epson

This command lets you specify the alignment of text on the page: along the l<

margin, centred between the margins, or along both the left and right margins,
are using centre, right or full justification, the backspace character (ASCII BS,

<
will not function. If you are using full justification, use a carriage return only at
a paragraph, not at the end of each line.

Tabs

Horizontal tab Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

(

Horizontal tab

9 09 HT E

Set horizontal tab stops

27 68

1B 44

ESC D

E

n1 ... nk 0

n1 ... nk 00

n1 ... nk NUL

Epson: n=1 to 255 k=1 to 32 IBM: n = 1 to 255 к = 1 to 28

When you turn on your printer, its tab stops are automatically set for every eigt

Each time you send a tab character (ASCII HT, decimal 9), the printhead moves

to the right before printing the next character.

In all three emulations, you can use the ESC D command to set horizontal t;
specific columns on the page. As with margins, the actual position of the stop
on the pitch you are using, and will not change if you switch to a different chan
Be sure to give the stops in ascending order, and after you have specified all the

the sequence with a NUL character (use CHR$(0) in BASIC).

If you send the command as ESC D NUL, with no stops specified, all horizont;

will be cleared, including the 8-column default stops. Turning the printer off ar

restores the printer's default tab stops of every eight columns.

Epson

You can set up to 32 tab stops.

Setting a new left margin or sending the Reset command (ESC @) will also

default tab stops.

Maximum value for horizontal tab stops

Pitch ML 385 ML 386

10 CPI/proportionaP

79

135

12 CPI/proportionalf

95 163

15 CPI

119 203

17.1 CPI 137

233

20 CPI 159 255

'Proportional in Epson mode fProportional in IBM modes.

IBM

You can set up to 28 in both emulations.

ESC R resets tab stops to the default.

4-22

Vertical tab Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Vertical tab

Set vertical tab stops

11

27 66

n1 ... nkO

OB

1В 42

n1 ... nk 00

VT

ESC В
n1 ... nk NUL

E F
E F

Epson: к = 1 to 16 n = 1 to 255 IBM: к = 1 to 64 n = 1 to 255

When you turn the power on, your printer does not have any vertical tab stops.!
VT command with no stops set results in a single line feed.

You can use the ESC В command to set a series of vertical tab stops. Once yoi
the stops, each time you issue a VT command the paper will move up to the

position. You must enter the stops in ascending order, ending the series wi

character. ESC В NUL will delete all vertical tab stops.

The actual position of the stops depends on the line spacing in effect when yoi

ESC В command. For example, at 6 lines per inch, a tab stop of 24 will appear fc
from the top of the page, whereas at 8 lines per inch, the stop will be positioned thr
from the top of the page. However, once you have set the vertical tab stops, the

is absolute, and will not move, even if you change the line spacing later.

An ESC В NUL command will cancel all the vertical tabs which have been set

Epson

Up to 16 stops are allowed.

IBM

Both emulations give you as many as 64 stops.

Vertical tab channel Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

C<

Select Vertical tab channel

27 47 n

1В 2F n

ESC/n

E

Select Vertical tabs for channel n

27 98 n

1В 62 n

ESC b n

E

ml ... mk 0

ml ... mk 00

ml ..mk NUL

n = 0 to 7 m = 1 to 255 k= 1 to 16

Epson

You have the option of setting up to eight separate sets—called channels—of

v<

stops. The command to set vertical tab channels, ESC b, uses the same principle

B: stops are listed in ascending order, and the list ends with NUL. You have to spe<

channel you are setting stops for, by giving a value from 0 to 7 for the variable n.'

have set up the stops in the channels you are using, you perform the vertica

sending the ESC / command to specify a channel, followed by VT.

Example

The following BASIC program sets stops in three channels, and then performs

vertical tabs in the different channels:

5 REM Stops in channel 0: lines 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
10 LPRINTCHR$(27);"b";CHR$(0);CHR$(10);CHR$(20);CHR$(30);CHR$(40);CHR$(50)
20 REM Stops in channel 1: lines 5, 15, 35, 45, 55
30 LPRINT CHR$(27);"b";CHR$(1);CHR$(5);CHR$(15);CHR$(35);CHR$(45);CHR$(55)
40 REM Stops in channel 2: lines 12, 24, 48
50 LPRINT CHR$(27);"b";CHR$(2);CHR$(12);CHR$(24);CHR$(48);CHR$(0)
60 LPRINT CHR$(27);"/";CHR$(1): REM Select channel 1
70 LPRINT

CHR$(11

);"This prints on line 5"
80 LPRINT CHR$(11);LPRINT CHR$(11);"This prints on line 35"
90 LPRINT CHR$(27);7";CHR$(2): REM Select channel 2
100 LPRINT CHR$(11);"This prints on line 48"
110 LPRINT CHR$(27);"/";CHR$(0): REM Select channel 0
120 LPRINT

CHR$(11

);"This prints on line 50"

Relative tab

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

1

Set relative tab stops

27

101

n m

1В 65 n m

ESC e n m

E

n = 1: Vertical tabs n = 0: Horizontal tabs m 0 to 127

Executive relative tab

27 102 n m

1B 66 n m

ESC f n m

E

n = 1: Vertical position n = 0: Horizontal position m = 0 to 127

Epson

These commands use the current print position as a reference point, rather t
of the page or the left margin. If n=0, the movement from the current prin
horizontal, and m represents character spaces from the print position. If n= 1

vertical movement, m represents the number of lines from the current print po:
you have set relative tab stops, use the regular HT and VT commands to move

position. The ESC f command provides one-time positioning.

Reset horizontal and vertical

tabs

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Reset horizontal and vertical tabs

to default

27 82

1B 52

ESC R

F

IBM

Use this command to cancel any tab stops you have set and return to the printe

This means that horizontal tab stops will occur every eight columns, and that

no vertical stops—a VT command will just produce a single line feed.

4-24

Horizontal Dot Position

Horizontal dot position

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

C(

Absolute horizontal dot position

27 36

n1

n2 1B 24

n1

n2

ESC $

n1

n2

E

n1 =0 to 255 n2 = 0 to 3

Relative horizontal dot position

27 92

n1

n2 1B 5C

n1

n2

ESC \

n1

n2

E

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Relative horizontal dot position

27 100

n1

n2

1B 64

n1

n2

ESC d

n1

n2

P A

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Space Backwards

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

C<

Space backwards

27

101

n1 n2 1B 65

n1

n2

ESC e

n1

n2

PA

This command moves the print position a specified number of n/120 inches to
the current position.

To calculate the values of n1 and n2, divide the number of dots (n) you want tc
256, the result is n2 and the remainder is n1.

n = n1 + n2 * 256.

Values beyond the left margin will result in a jump to the left margin.

These commands let you place text or graphics very precisely on the page. (Fc
vertical positioning, see the description of the fine line feed and line spacing cor

In all of the commands, determine the values of the two variables by dividing th

dot position by 256; assign the whole number result to n2 and the remainder tc

Epson

The ESC $ command uses the left margin as a reference point, and moves the prir

in 1/60 inch increments.

The ESC \ command lets you move the print position to either the right or the
current print position. Underline and overscore characters do not print in tl
between the two positions.

First determine the distance you want to move. Movement is measured in d<

number of dots per inch depends on the current print mode. Use the Horizor

Units table to calculate the number of dots you want to move.

Horizontal Position Units

Print Mode

DPI

Dots per line

Print Mode

DPI

ML 385

ML

Utility 120 960

16

LQ

180

1440

2^

If you want to move to the right, use the method described above to calculate
If you are moving to the left of the current print position, subtract the number

65536, then calculate the values of n1 and n2 as described above.

IBM

The ESC d command moves only to the right of the current print position
increments. Underline and overscore will print in the space moved using this

Line Feed

Line Feed

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Line Feed 10

OA

LF

I

Fine Line feed

27 74 n 1B 4A n

ESC J n I

n = 0 to 255 Epson LQ, IBM X24/XL24 AGM: line feed is n/180 inch IBM Proprinter X24/XL24: line feec

inch

Fine Line feed (n/360 inch) 27 93 n

1B 5D n

ESC] n

I

n = 0 to 255

Fine Line feed (n/360 inch) 27 37 52 n

IB 25 34 n

ESC % 4 n I

n = 0 to 255

Reverse n/180 inch line feed

27 106 n

1В 6A n

ESC j n I

n = 0 to 255

Reverse line feed 27 93

1B5D

ESC]

Line feed direction backwards

28 82

1С 52

FS R

Line feed direction forwards

28 70 1С 46

FS F

I

The line feed command (ASCII LF, decimal 10) makes the printer print a lit

moves the print position down one line on the page. If Auto CR is ON in the me

feed also results in a carriage return, which puts the print position at the left

4-26

The amount of vertical movement depends on the current line spacing. (See Line
for details.) This command also cancels one-line double width printing.

Unlike the simple LF code, the fine line feed commands are not accompanied by a
return, and do not cancel one-line double width printing. If you substitute 0 for n
these commands, no line feed will be performed.

The fine line feed commands are ideal for printing graphics, since they give yot
control over the vertical placement of dots in an image. The Graphics Fine Line
table below shows how to set line feeds for graphics so that the rows of dots will no
or leave spaces vertically.

Graphics Fine Line Spacing

Line feed line spacing

Value of n

n/216

24

n/180

20

n/360

40

Epson

The line feed direction commands determine the platen movement of subsequent
commands. The line feed direction backwards command reverses the normal dir

the line feed commands. Any line feed command which follows the line feed
backwards command is acted upon as though it were a reverse line feed com

reverse line feed command initiates a forward line feed.

The line feed direction forward cancels this reversal of movement, and all subseq
feeds commands are acted upon in the normal manner.

Use the reverse linefeed command to move the paper up in 1/ieo

inch increments. T

will not advance beyond the top of form position.

Line Spacing

Line spacing

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Begin 1/8 inch line spacing

27 48

1B30 ESC 0

Begin 7/72 inch line spacing

27 49 1B31 ESC 1

Begin 1/6 inch line spacing

27 50 1B 32 ESC 2

Set variable line spacing

27 65 n 1В

41

n ESC A n

Epson: n = 0 to 127 spacing is n/60 inch IBM Proprinter: n = 1 to 255 spacing is n/72 inch

IBM XL24 AGM n = 1 to 255 spacing is n/60 inch

Activate variable line spacing

27 50 1В 32 ESC 2

Begin fine line spacing 27

51

n 1B33 n ESC 3 n

Epson: IBM XL24 AGM: n = 0 to 255 spacing is n/180 inch IBM Proprinter n = 1 to 255 spacing is n/21

Begin n/360 inch line spacing 27

91

n 1В 58 n ESC [n

or

27 43 n 1B2B n ESC + n

or 28

51

n

1С 33 n FS 3 n

n = 0 to 255

Begin n/360 inch line spacing

27 37 56 n

1В 25 38

ESC % 8 n

n = 1 to 255

Set line spacing units

27

91

92 4 0

0 0 0 n

1B 5B 5C
04
00 00 00
00 n

ESC[\EOT
NUL NUL
NUL NULn

n = 0, 180, 216

The most common spacings for text are 6 and 8 Lines Per Inch (LPI). A spa
works well with compressed character pitches, and lets you fit more lines о

Several of these commands let you control vertical movement in very fine units
with the precise placement of graphics. The Graphics Fine Line Spacing tab
values to include in these commands so that the rows of dots will not ove

spaces in graphic images. (See also ESC 1 in the IBM emulations.)

Epson

The ESC A command both sets and begins n/60 inch line spacing.

IBM

You must use the ESC A and ESC 2 commands together. ESC A specifies lit

n/72 inch or n/60 inch, and then the ESC 2 command tells the printer to begin i

line spacing. (The other commands both specify and begin spacing.) If

ESC 2 command without first using ESC A, the printer will reset the line S|
current menu setting.

4-28

You can use the ESC [\ command to change the units used in the fine line comma
3 and ESC % 8. The only possible values for n are 180 for n/180 inch spacing

n/216 inch spacing; and 0 to keep the current unit.

Forms Contro!

Form feed/form length Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

j

Co

t

Form feed

12

ОС

FF

E P .

Set form length by inches

27 67 0 n 1В 43 00 n

ESC С NULn

E P

Epson: n = 1 to 22 IBM: n = 0 to 255

Set form length by lines

27 67 n 1B 43 n

ESC С n E P

Epson: n = 1 to 127 IBM: n = 0 to 255

When you send a form feed command, the printer prints any data that is in its bu
the print position moves to the top of the next page. You can also use the FOR

button on the control panel to feed a page through the printer.

You can specify a form length in either inches or lines. If you will most often be u
of the standard page lengths listed on the menu, we recommend using Menu Sek
to set a default form length, and then using one of the form length commands w
you want to change it temporarily.

When you use ESC С or ESC С NUL to change the form length, the skip over pe
setting is cleared.

Skip over perforation

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Co

Skip over perforation

27 78 n 1B4E n

ESC N n E P

Epson: n = 1 to 127 IBM: n = 1 to 255

Cancel skip over perforation

27 79 1B 4F

ESC 0

E P

If skip over perforation is set to YES on the menu, the printer will automatically ski|

from the bottom of one page to the top of the next form. Use the ESC N command

tc

the number of lines skipped. The actual amount of space skipped between page

with the current line spacing. After you have set the skip size,

it will

not increase ore

if you change line spacing. The ESC 0 command cancels the perforation skip.

Note:

The skip over perforation feature will interfere with page formatting controlled by software pack
as word processors. If you are using a package that controls page length directly, you should se
OVER PERFORATION item in the menu to NO.

Top of form Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Set top of form

27 52 1В 34 ESC 4

IBM

When you send this command, a new top of form is set at the current pc

printhead. In all three emulations, you can also set a new top of form using th

Vertical Margins Setting Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Vertical Margins Setting

27

91

83
n1 n2 ml
m2

P

1 p2

1B5B53
n1 n2 ml
m2
p1 p2

ESC [ S
n1 n2 ml
m2
p1 p2

n1 n2: numberof parameters n1 + 256 * n2
ml m2: top margin 256 * ml + m2
p1 p2: bottom margin 256 * p1 + p2

n1 and n2 are the number of bytes in the sequence. Normally this will be four
n2 = 0, or two n1 = 2 and n2 = 0.

ml and m2 defines the top margin distance from the top of form to the top ec
line. The unit is VWo inch.

p1 and p2 defines the bottom margin distance from the top of form to the to
bottom margin. The unit is VWo inch.

4-30

Miscellaneous

Carriage return Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

:

ASCII

c<

Carriage return 13

OD

CR

E

F

When it receives this command, the printer will print data from the print buffer

a
the printing position to the beginning of the line. If Auto Line Feed is ON in the r
printer adds a line feed to each carriage return. This command cancels one-lir
width printing.

Backspace

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

C<

Backspace 8 08

BS

E

F

The backspace command prints any data that is in the print buffer and moves the
one character to the left. The actual width of the backspace depends on the curi

If you are using proportional spacing, the BS command moves the printhead 1/

the left.

Reset Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

G

Reset (Initialise printer)

or

27 64
28 64

1B 40
1С 40

ESC @
FS@

E
E

Epson

This command removes any data in the printer's buffer and returns the printer

to

tt
menu settings.

It will

override any features set on the printer's front panel. This is a

initialisation. If Reset Inhibit is YES in the menu, these commands will be ignor

Many software packages send the reset command to initialise the printer befor
printing. This is done to make sure that settings from a previous print job do not ac

carry over into the next one. However, this could interfere with settings you have
the control panel or through control codes.

If your software lets you add or modify initialisation strings (also called setup stri

can eliminate reset commands you do not want, or add them where you want t

the printer is set to its defaults (the menu settings). Check your software manual

1

on modifying initialisation strings.

Clear buffer

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Clear buffer

24

18

CAN

E

This command clears all the data from the print buffer, but does not reset print
that have been set using control codes.

Delete one character

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Delete one character

127 7F

DEL

E

This command deletes the last character sent to the printer.

It

will not delete gr;

and only deletes one space of a horizontal tab stop.

Automatic line feed

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Automatic line feed 27 53 n

1В 35 n

ESC 5 n F

n=1 :Activate auto line feed n =0; Deactivate auto line feed

IBM

When you activate automatic line feed, the printer

will

add a line feed to each car

code it receives. You can also control this feature through the menu.

Unidirectional printing

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Unidirectional printing

27 85 n

1В 55 n

ESC U n

E

n = 1 • Begin unidirectional printing n = 0: Begin bidirectional printing

Your printer is designed to maximise speed by printing alternately from the h

(bidirectional printing), ratherthan moving the printhead backto the left margin
line prints from left to right (unidirectional printing).

Use unidirectional printing when precise vertical alignment from line to line is

You can also select unidirectional printing in Menu Select Mode.

4-32

One line unidirectional prini

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

c<

One line unidirectional printing

27 60

1B3C

ESC <

E

Epsom

This command activates unidirectional printing for one line only.

Printing speed

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Cc

Printing speed

27 115 n

1B 73 n

ESC s n

E

n = 1: Begin half speed printing n = 0: Begin full speed printing

Epsom

Use this command to control the speed on printing. Half speed printing is quiete

speed.

Set the MSB to 1 or 0 Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Cc

Set 8th data bit to 1

27 62 1B 3E

ESC >

E

Set 8th data bit to 0

27 61 1B 3D

ESC =

E

Accept data as is

27 35

1B 23

ESC #

E

Epsom

The ESC> command sets the most significant bit (MSB) of an 8-bit data input t

ESC = command sets the MSB to 0. ESC # cancels MSB control established t
ESC > or ESC = and all data is interpreted exactly as sent from the computer.

Print suppress mode Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Cc

Begin print suppress mode

19 13

DC3

E

Begin print suppress mode

27

81

n

1B

51

n

ESC Q n

PA

n = 35 for ML385, n = 36 for ML386

Begin print suppress mode

27 106 1B 6A

ESC j

PA

End print suppress mode

17

1

1

DC1

EP

After the printer has received one of the commands to begin print suppress mode,
all data until it receives the DC1 command. The SEL light will blink when the pr
print suppress mode.

Paper-Out Override

Any time you want to disable the paper-out switch to keep the printer printing

bottom of the page, enter:

Paper-out sensor

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Paper-out sensor OFF

27 56

1B 38 ESC 8

Paper-out sensor ON

27 57

1B 39

ESC 9

Cut-Sheet Feeder Control

Note: The following commands are active only when the optional Cut Sheet Feeder 3000 is i

printer.

Insert page

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Insert page

27 25 73

1В 19 49

ESC EM I

This command feeds a sheet of paper from the CSF 3000 to the top of

form

posi

is already in the printer, the printer will eject the page and load another.

Eject page Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Eject page

27 25 82

1B 19 52 ESC EM R

This command prints data in the print buffer and ejects the page.

Select bin

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Select bin 1

27 25 49

1B 19 31

ESC EM 1

Select bin 2

27 25 50 1B 19 32 ESC EM 2

With these commands you can select the bin from which the paper will be fee
a dual bin CSF. If you are working with a Dual Bin Cut Sheet Feeder you
following commands to select between the bins:

A separate TOF can be set for each of the bins on the CSF. This enables yc

letter-headed paper, fed from one bin, leaving a large margin, followed by print:

fed from the other bin with a smaller margin.

4-34

Cut Sheet Feeder Control

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Cut Sheet Feeding 27

91

70

1В 5B 46

ESC [ F

P

n1 n2

n1 n2

n1 n2

ml m2 m3

ml m2 m3

ml m2 m3

n1 n2: number of parameters n1 + n2 * 256
ml: paper feeding method
m2: reserved should be m2 = 1 or m2 = 3
m3: bin number

n1 and n2 are the number of bytes in the sequence, normally this will be three
and n2 = 0.

ml defines paper feeding method and m2 is usually set to 1. m3 defines the b

ml = 1 set manually inserting mode

ml = 3 set CSF mode
m3 = 0 no change
m3 =1 Bin 1
m3 = 2 Bin 2

Chapter 5

Graphics and Cust®m Characters

Overview

One of the strengths of dot matrix printer technology is the flexibility that c<

printing patterns of dots. If you can control where dots are printed, you can print

kind of graphic image. (If you look closely at a photo in a newspaper, you will

it is made up of thousands of tiny dots.)

Programming these features yourself is a complex and tedious process-th
graphic image can contain several hundred dots, and designing a legible cha

involve a lot of trial and error as well as considerable programming effort. Fortun;
are many good graphics and font packages that support the printers your printei
and we strongly recommend that

you

consider using one. These packages are so
programs designed to handle all those dots for you, so that you can create ir
special characters easily without writing a single line of programming.

However if you really want to, you can write your own programs to produc

printouts and custom characters. Firstly you should know a little about how у

works.

Your printer printhead has two columns of 12 pins, for a total of 24 pins. Images

г
as the pins "fire", striking the ribbon against the paper to produce dots. Wh
appear where the pins do not fire.

Whether you are programming a graphic image or designing custom chf
download to the printer, your program has to describe the pattern of dots that

у

print. Graphics and custom character data, like all other data sent to the printer

a series of bytes. Each of the eight bits in a byte of graphics or character data cc

to one pin on the printhead. A bit's value can be either 1 or 0. When the print
the data, it interprets a bit with a value of 1 as a command to fire the correspondi
that are set to 0 do not cause pins to fire.

You can picture the byte as a column of 8 bits. In 8-pin graphics, the body of data

of these columns lined up next to each other. In 24-pin graphics, three bytes
form a column of 24 bits.

Instead of sending the data to the printer bit by bit, you will probably want to с
binary information into decimal or hexadecimal format for use with your pre
language. In the figure overleaf we show how to determine the decimal value

pattern of pins.

A Byte of Graphics Data

128

64

32

16

8

4

2

1

Decimal value of

128 x 1 =

128

64 x 1 =

64

32x0 =

0

•

16x1 =

16

8x0 = 0

•

4x1 = 4

•

2x1 = 2

•

1x1 =

1

byte 215

Pin fired

Pin not firec

Now that you understand the basic principles, we will go into the details of hov
information together to form a complete image or character and how to

information to the printer.

4-2

Graphics

The printer's high resolution 24-pin graphics modes use all the pins to create a
24 dots. The 8-pin modes use the 24 pins to imitate the dot patterns of 9-pin print*

print columns of only 8 dots. Obviously, images produced by the 24-pin mode
sharper and more detailed than 8-pin images. The advantage of the 8-pin modes
can use a graphics software package that does not support 24-pin graphics, s

printer's 8-pin modes conform to more established standards.

In the 8-pin graphics modes, where only 8 bits may be used per column, a sine
data (8 bits) represents one column of printed graphics.

In

the high resolution 24-pin modes, the printer co-ordinates the printhead's move

the firing of pins in such a way that the printed dots appear in a single column 24

For this reason, 3 bytes of data (for a total of 24 bits) are needed for each colur

resolution graphics.

Programming graphics in BASIC

One important thing to remember when you are programming graphics is not
unwanted line feeds in your programs. Using a semi-colon after the data in a
statement will keep the print position on the same line.

However, there is an additional complication: by default, BASIC assigns a max
length of 80 characters to all printers. After the printer has received 80 bytes of

с
automatically perform a carriage return and line feed. Since graphics data typicall
of many bytes, it is easy to exceed this limit. The resulting output will be garbled

work around this problem by setting the line length to the maximum allowable v,

Put one of these statements at the beginning of your program:

For parallel printers:

WIDTH "LPT1 :",255

For serial printers that have been opened as #1:

WIDTH #1,255

A

Byte

of 24 Pin

Graphics Data

Byte

1

Byte

2

Byte

3

128

64
32

16

8

4
2
1

128

64
32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64
32

16

8

4

2

1

128x1 = 128

64 x 0 = 0

32 x 1 = 32
16x1= 16

8x0=

0
4x1 = 4
2x1 = 2

1x1= 1

128x0

64x1 :
32x1 :
16x1 :

8x0:
4x1 :
2x1 :

1X0:

0

64
32

16

0

4

2
0

128x0

64x1 :
32x0:
16x 1 :

8x0 :
4x1 :
2x1 :

1X1:

0

64

0

16

0

4
2

1

Decimal

\

Byte

1 = "

Decimal

\

Byte

2 = i

Decimal

\

Byte

3 = 6

[©I Pin

Fired

j Pin not fir

5-4

High resolution graphics

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

(

Begin high resolution graphics

27 42 m n1
n2 [graphics
data]

1B 2A m n1
n2 [graphics
data]

ESC * m n1
n2 [graphics
data]

E

Begin Hex density graphics

28 90

n1

n2
[graphics
data]

1С 5A

n1

n2
[graphics
data]

FS Z

n1

n2
[graphics
data]

E

Begin high resolution graphics

27

91

103
n1 n2 m
[graphics
data]

1В 5B 67 n1
n2 m
[graphics
data]

ESC [g n1
n2 m
[graphics
data]

P

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

The high resolution graphics commands give you the flexibility to choose betw

and 8-pin modes. The 24-pin graphics mode uses the full potential of the printers
There are five 24-pin print densities available. Higher densities are achieved by
the number of dots that appear horizontally on one line.

In all modes, the variable m is used to specify the density of the graphic imac

example, which uses the Epson LQ emulation, we will print in various densities

assign different values to m from the table below, as you will see in lines 32 tc

High Resolution Graphics Density Codes

Density

Horizontal Value of m

Density density (dots

Epson'IBM

IBM

F

per inch)

XL24 AGM

Single density (8-pin)

60

0
Double density (8-pin) 120 1
High speed double density (8-pin) 120

2

Quadruple density (8-pin) 240

3

CRT I (8-pin) 80

4

CRT II (8-pin) 90

6

Single density (24-pin) 60

32

Double density (24-pin)

120

33

CRT III (24-pin)

90

38

Triple density (24-pin)

180

39

Hex density (24-pin)

360

40

Once you have selected the density you want to use, you have to design yo
image. Begin by mapping out the pattern you want to print on a piece of graph
are using a triangle.

128

64
32

Byte 1 16

4
2

1

128

64
32

Byte 2 16

8

4
2

1

128

64

Byte 3 ?§

8
4
2

1

Epson

The variables n1 and n2 tell the printer how many columns of data you will b

Remember, forthe 24-pin modes, each column is made up of three bytes. Eight
have one byte of data per column. To calculate the values for these vari
determine how many columns of dots there will be in your graphics image,
number by 256 and assign the whole number result to n2. Assign the remaind
our triangle example, each triangle requires 48 columns. We will be printing
triangles, however, so the total number of columns in the image is 288 (6 x 4J
288 by 256 gives a value of 1 for n2 with a remainder of 32, which we will as:

Now that we have selected our density and decided how wide the image will
write a BASIC statement that sends the command to begin high resolution gr

Epson LQ/IBM Proprinter X24/XL24 AGM
LPRINT CHR$(27);"*";CHR$(40);CHR$(32);CHR$(1);

IBM Proprinter X24/XL24
LPRINT CHR$(27);"[g";CHR$(32);CHR$(1);CHR$(12);

Important: Be sure to include the semicolon (;) at the end of this statement. That way, the printei
a carriage return and line feed before your graphics data.

Since our example illustrates 24-pin graphics, each column is made up of thre
eight dots, arranged vertically. To print each column, you will need to send thr
data. The first byte you send controls the top eight dots in the column, the s

controls the middle, and the third controls the bottom eight dots.

The listing overleaf is the BASIC program for the Epson and IBM XL24 AGM
that generates rows of six triangles in various densities.

Note: When you are typing in the program, you do not have to include lines beginning witl

comments that appear after an apostrophe (') in a program line. You can also combine the DA

7

into longer lines.

5-6

10 REH 24-pin graphic-demo
20 OPEN "lptl." AS #11 WIDTH "lptl.",255. REM prepare output

30 PRINT01,CHRS(27);"®"; . REM init printer
31 FOR MODE -1 TO 5
32 IF MODE -1 THEN PRINTłl24-pin Single-Density";CHRS(10);CHRS(10).D»32.GOTO

50
33 IF MODE -2 THEH PRINT91,"24-pin Double-Density"

•,

CHR$ (10

);

CHRS {10

)•

D-33. GOTO

50
34 IF HODE -3 THEH PRIHTfl,"24-pin CRT III";CHRS(10);CHRS(10)iD-38iGOTO 50

35 IF HODE -4 THEH PRINTfl,"24-pin Triple-Density";CHRS(10),CHRS(Ю)iD-39>GOTO

50
40 IF HODE -5 THEH PRIHTltl,"24-pin hex-density ";CHRS(10)jCHRS(10);.D-40

50 PRINTfl,CHRS(27);"*";CHRS(D) j CHRS(32 >;CHRS(1)I
60 I REM CHR$(D) is the density defined in lines 32,33,34,35 & 40
70 I REH CHRS(32) and CHRS(1) indicate the number of columns. 288=32+(1*256)
80 FOR 1-1 TO 6. REM repeat triangle pattern 6 tines
90 FOR J-l TO 481 REM triangle is Bade of 48 columns
100 READ A,B,Ct REH 3 bytes for each column

110 PRIHTfl,CHRS(A);CHR$(B);CHRS(C);> REM send it to printer
120 HEXT J

130 RESTORE
140 HEXT IiPRINTfl,CHRS(10);CHRS(10)t REM next triangle

141

NEXT

MODE

145

i

150 DATA

0, 0,

1,

0,

0

, 3,

0,

0,

7,

0,

0,

15

160 DATA

0, o, 31, 0,

0 , 63,

0,

0,

127,

0, 0,

255

170 DATA

0,

l.

255,

0,

3

,255,

0, 7,

255,

0,

15,

255

180

DATA

0,

31,

255,

0,

63 ,255,

0,

127, 255,

0,

255, 255

190

DATA

1/

255, 255,

3,

255 ,255,

7,

255, 255,

15,

255, 255

200 DATA 31, 255, 255, 63, 255

,255,

127, 255, 255, 255, 255,

255

210 DATA 255, 255, 255, 127, 255 ,255, 63, 255, 255,

31,

255, 255

220 DATA 15, 255,

255,

7,

255 ,255,

3,

255, 255, 1,

255, 255

230 DATA

0,

255,

255,

0,

127

,255,

0,

63, 255,

0,

31, 255

240

DATA

0,

15, 255,

0,

7

,255,

0, 3,

255,

0,

1,

255

250

DATA

0,

0,

255,

0,

0 ,127,

0, 0,

63,

0,

0,

31

260 DATA

o, 0,

-15,

0,

0

, 7,

0, 0,

3, 0, 0,

1

265

i

270

END

Your printout will look like this:

24-pin Single-Density

24-pin Double-Density

24-pin CRT III

24-pin Triple-Density

24-pin hex-density

ЛЛЛЛЛЛ

Print Registration

The PRINT REGISTRATION Menu Select item is a bit image graphics optior

used with bidirectional printing. It lets you fine-tune the horizontal printing f

graphic image or table where precise column alignment is important. You

need to experiment with the different settings to find which works best for yo
One way to determine the best value is by printing several columns of
characters ( I ) at each registration value. Use the setting that produces th
vertical column.

Print Registration Settings

Setting Resulting movement

+5

0.25 mm to the right
+4 0.20 mm to the right
+3 0.15 mm to the right
+2

0.10 mm to the right

+1

0.05 mm to the right

0

no movement

-1 0.05 mm to the left

-2

0.10 mm to the left

-3

0.15 mm to the left

-4

0.20 mm to the left

-5

0.25 mm to the left

IBM

The IBM method of sending graphics data is basically the same, however,
fundamental difference-the count for the number of bytes of graphics data

mode,

n1

and n2 are the total number of bytes of information which will be sent

following the ESC[g

n1

n2 command. This count should include all of the byte:

data required plus one byte for the mode (m) data. In the 24-pin graphics mod
for n1 and n2 are the total number of bytes, not the number of columns
Therefore, as there are three bytes in each column, the value for

n1

and n2 in

graphic will be:

10 (columns) x 3 (bytes per column) + 1 (mode byte) = 31 bytes

n2 = 31-256 = 0

n1 =31 - (n2

-s-

256) = 31

5-8

Graphic Resolution

8-pin graphics

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Cc

Begin single density graphics

27 75

n1

n2 1B 4B

n1

n2

ESC К n1

E F

[graphics
data]

[graphics
data]

n2 [graphics

data]

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Begin low speed double density

graphics

27 76

n1

n2
[graphics
data]

1B4C

n1

n2
[graphics
data]

ESC L

n1

n2
[graphics
data]

E F

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Begin double density graphics

27 89

n1

n2

1 В

59

n1

n2

ESC Yn1

E F

[graphics
data]

[graphics
data]

n2 [graphics
data]

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Begin quadruple density graphics

27 90

n1

n2

1 В

5A

n1

n2

ESC Z n1

E F

[graphics
data]

[graphics
data]

n2 [graphics
data]

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

These graphics modes correspond to the 8-pin modes in high resolution graphics

available in all three emulations and are supported by most current DOS-based

software.

As with high resolution graphics, you design your pattern as a series of column
Since these are 8-pin modes, each column is one byte high. Otherwise, th<
structured just like 24-pin graphics data.

The variables n1 and n2 tell the printer how many bytes of graphics data tc

Remember, the 8-pin modes have one byte of data per column. To calculate the
these variables, first determine how many columns of dots there will be in your
image. Divide this number by 256 and assign the whole number result to n2. A
remainder to n1.

The IBM ESC 1 command, which sets 7/72 inch line spacing, is designed for
printing. This ensures that there are no gaps or overlaps from line to line of the

Reassign graphics codes

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Reassign graphics codes

27 63 n m

1B3F n m ESC ? n m

n = "K" "L" "Y" or "Z" m = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40

Epson

You can reassign any of the eleven 8- and 24-pin high resolution graphics rr
the low resolution graphics command (ESC K, ESC L, ESC Y or ESC Z).

For n, substitute one of the four letters (K, L, Y or Z, decimal 75, 76, 89 or 9(
which of the four commands you are redefining. The variable m stands for de
the modethatyou are reassigning to the redefined code. (Seethe Epson colurr

Resolution Graphics Density Codes table.) Then, when you are ready to prir

pattern, send the redefined low resolution command, followed by the graphi

Example

The following BASIC statement reassigns 24-pin hex density to the commai

LPRINT CHR$(27)"?L",CHR$(40)

Select Aspect Ratio

Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

Select Aspect Ratio 27 110 d 1В 6E d ESC n d

This command specifies the horizontal to vertical aspect ratio for the graphi

commands, ESC K, ESC L, ESC Y and ESC Z.

d = 0 or 1: select aspect ratio of 5:6
d = 2: select aspect ratio of 1:1
d > = 3: ignored

The aspect ratio determines the vertical dot density depending on the bit imac

being used.

5-10

Custom Characters

Your printer's custom (downloadable) character feature enables you to desigr
characters and symbols, even entire charactersets if

you

choose, and download
your computer to the printer. You can design and store up to 96 characters. Yc
characters are assigned to keys of your choice on your keyboard. Then, whe

need a particular character, all you have to do is invoke the custom character set
the key assigned to your character. The actual designing of these character
some work on your part and can become tedious. Once again, we strongly re
using a commercial software package to help you create new characters and
them to your printer. There are also packages that provide character sets that ha
been designed for you.

Epson Custom Characters

The technique of designing your own custom characters is much like that of d
graphic image, but on a much smaller scale. You can design characters in eithi

LQ mode. Simply activate the desired mode before you download the charact

Begin by designing your character

on

a grid or matrix. The height of the grid is 24
corresponding to a pin on the printer's printhead. The width of the grid, as well a:
of the character itself, depends on the print mode.

Custom Character Widths

Print mode

Matrix width in dots

Character width

10 CPI utility

12

9

12 CPI utility

10

9

10 CPI LQ

36

29

12 CPI LQ

30

29

Proportional

42 (maximum)

37 (maximui

Keep the intended use of your character in mind. If it is to be included with text

top row and bottom two rows of the matrix blank, in keeping with general fc
standards. The character's baseline occurs at the sixth dot from the bottom. Th
of the matrix to the left and right of your character affect where it will appear in
the characters on either side of it. If you do not leave blank columns, adjacent

с

may appear to run right into your character.

Your arrangement of dots is translated into code that tells your printer the exa
of each dot within each column. The following example illustrates how this wo

Byte 1

Byte 2

Byte 3

128

64
32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64
32

16

8

4

2

1

128

64
32

16

8

4

2

1

• •

• •

• • • •

•

и

• •

:: r:
::

c:
c:
r:

c:

::

::

::

и

::

El

к

К

•

• • •

• • •

• •

Our character is 27 dots wide and has four blank columns to the left and five
We will print it in 10 CPI Letter Quality. This is a 24-pin mode, which means thr
data are required to specify a single column. Just like high resolution 24-pin gr
first three bytes specify dot positions for the first column, the second group of
specifies dot positions for the second column, and so on up to the last column in
will appear. The value of each byte is determined by adding up the values of

Note: In all print modes, you cannot place two dots next to each other horizontally-you must skif

Now we need to give the commands that download this data to the printer. Fii
to use the ESC: NUL n NUL command to copy a complete set of characters ir
fonts resident in the printer to the area of memory reserved for custom charactei
character will become part of this character set.

Copy ROM to RAM Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

(

Copy ROM characters to RAM

27 58 0 n 0

1 В

ЗА 00 n

00

ESC:NUL

n NUL

E

where n is the font to be copied to RAM
n is: 0=Roman; 1=Swiss; 2=Courier; 3=Prestige, 122=Swiss Bold; 124=Letter Gothic; 126=Resident (Cc

To begin downloading our character, we use the ESC & command. The variat

n2 specify the range of character that will be replaced. Ifyou aregoingto downk

characters, they must be assigned to adjacent locations. Custom charact*

assigned to decimal locations 0 to 127. To print the characters loaded to positk

send the ESC

12

command and add 128 to the assigned value of the custom cha

value ranges between 128 and 159).

5-12

To use custom characters assigned to decimal locations 32 to 127, send the
value after using the command ESC % 1, or send the ESC 12 command and a
the assigned value (new value ranges from 160 to 255).

Before the data is sent to the printer, we must indicate the position of the charai

its grid. This is done by assigning values to the variables

dO,

d1 and d2 (see the i

of our sample arrow character).

d0= number of dots before character
d1 = character width in dots
d2 = number of dots following the character

Assign values to these variables with the data for the character calculated from

If you are downloading several characters you only need one ESC & NUL comn

you only need to include values for

n1

and n2 once. However, you must include

dO, d1 and d2 for each set of character data.

Download Custom Characters Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

С

Download Custom Characters

27 38 0 n 1 1В 26 00 n1

ESC & NUL

E

n2

dO d1

d2 n2

dO d1

d2

n n2

dO

d1

[data] [data]

d2 [data]

n1 = first character to be replaced

n2 = last character to be replaced
dO = dots before character
d1 = character width in dots
d2 = dots after character

Use the ESC % command to switch between the standard character set and tl"

character set. Use the ESC 12 command to replace the upper half of the chara

(128 to 255) with the downloaded character set and add 128 to the assigned va

custom character.

Select Custom Character Set Decimal

Hexa-

decimal

ASCII

C(

Select Custom Character Set

27 37 n 1В 25 n

ESC % n

E

Replace values 128 - 255

27 116 2

1 В

74 02

ESC t STX

E

with DLL characters

The custom character will stay in the printer's memory until:

you turn the printer OFF
you reset the printer with the ESC @ or FS @ commands

you overwrite them with new custom characters
you use the ESC: NUL n NUL command to overwrite them with the standard
set.

Note: When yo.u are typing in the program, you do not have to include lines beginning w
comments that appear after an apostrophe (') in a program line. You can also combine the DA
into longer lines.

10 REM DLL deno 24 pin
20 OPEH "lptli" AS 01iWIDTH "lptli",255< HEM prepare output
30 PRINT01,CHRS(27);"0"ji REM inlt printer
40 PRIHT01,CHR$(27)j"xl";i REM select LO
50 PRINT01,CHR$(27);"i";CHR$(0);CHR5(0) ;CHR$(0);iREM ROM-CG to RAM-CG
60 PRXNT01,CHR$(27)j"&";CHR$(0};» REM start of definition
70 PRINTS1,"00";i REM from 0 to 0
80 PRIHTS1,CHRS(4) ;CHR$(27))CHR$(5)>
90 i t

REM width

before character 4 dote

100 i

REM width of character 27 dote

110

i

REM with

behind character 5 dots

120

FOR 1=1 TO 27

REM 27 columns

130 READ A,B, Ci

REM each coluan has 3 byt

140

PRIHT01,CHR$(A),CHRS(B)jCHR$(C),•

REM oend it to printer

150

NEXT X

160 t

REM begin

of character pattern data

170

DATA 0,124,

0,

0,130, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0,130, 0

180

DATA 0, 0,

0,

0,130, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0,130, 0

190 DATA 0, 0,

0,

0,130, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0,130, 0

200 DATA 0, 0,

0,

0,130, 0, 0, 0,

0, 0,130, 0

210 DATA 0, 0,

0,

63,131,248, 64, 0,

4, 32, 0, 8

220

DATA 16, 0, 16, 8, 0, 32, 4, 0,

64, 1, 1, 0

230

DATA 0,130,

0,

0, 68, 0, 0, 40,

0, 0, 16, 0

240

DATA 0, 16,

0

250

i *

REM end of character pattern data

260

FRIUT01,"Downline

loadable character

set not selected! 000000"

270 PRIHT01,CHR$(10)i

CHRS(10);

280

PRINT81,CHR${27); "%";CHR$(1);.

REM select DLL

290 PRIHT01,"downline

loadable character

set selected I"j

300

PRINT01,CHR$(27};

REM emphasized, see note

310

PRINT01,"000000"

320 PRINT01,CHRS(10);

CHR$(10};

330 PRINT&l,CHR$(

27), "F",.

REM turn off emphasized

340

END

Your printout will look like this:

Downline loadable character set. not selected?

downline loadable character set selected !

Note: We turned on emphasized printing before using the downloaded character to comp

constraint against having two dots next to each other horizontally in a custom character. Emph

is accomplished by offsetting dots horizontally, so filling in the gaps to a certain extent

5-14

Appendix A

Control Code Tables

E = Epson P = IBM Proprinter X24/XL24 A = IBM X24/XL24 AGI

Function

ASCII

Decimal

Hexadecimal

С

CHARACTER SETS

Print one character in ESC

л

27 94

1B5E

p

All Characters set

Select all characters set ESC \

n1

n2 27 92 n1 n2

1B5C n1 n2

P

(n1, n2 = 0 to 255)

Select IBM character set I ESC 7 27 55

1В 37

E

Select IBM character set II ESC 6 27 54

1B36

E

Select international character set ESC R n 27 82 n

1В 52 n

E

Select international character set ESC I n 27 33 n

1В

21

n

P

Select italics/graphics/DLL ESC t n

27 116 n

1В 74 n

E

characters n = 0: italics n =1:
graphics n = 2: DLL
Select italics/graphics characters FS I n

28 73 n

1С 49 n

E

n = 0: Italics n = 1: Graphics

Select code page

ESC [ T ENQ

27

91

84

1В 5B 54 05

P

NUL NUL NUL

5 0 0 0

00 00 00 n1

n1 n2 NUL

n1 n2 0

n2 00

CHARACTER SIZE

Begin 10 CPI ESC P 27 80

1В 50

E

Begin 10 CPI DC2

18

12

P

Begin 12 CPI ESC M 27 77

1B4D

E

Begin 12 CPI

ESC:

27 58

1В ЗА

P

Begin 15 CPI ESC g 27 103

1В 67

E

Begin 17.1 CPI printing

SI

15

OF

P

(unless 12 CPI set)
Begin 20 CPI printing ESC SI

27 15

1В OF

P

Begin compressed printing

SI

15

OF

E

Begin compressed printing ESC SI

27 15

1В OF

E

Begin one-line double width printing SO 14

0E

E

Begin one-line double width printing ESC SO

27 14

1B0E

E

Double height printing ESC w n

27 119 n

1В 77 n

E

Double height printing

ESC US n

27

31

n

1B 1Fn E

Double height printing

FS V n

28 86 n

1С 56 n

E

n = 0: End double height printing

n = 1: Begin double height printing

Double height printing

ESC [@ EOT 27

91

64 4

1В 5B 40 04

P

NUL NUL NUL

0 0 0

n1

n2

00

00 00 n1

n2

n1 n2

Function

ASCII

Decimal

Hexadecimal

<

Double width printing ESC Wn 27 87 n

1В 57 n

Е

Double width printing FS E n 28 69 n

1С 45 n

Е

n = 0: End double width printing

n = 1: Begin double width printing

End compressed printing

DC2

18

12

Е

End one-line double width printing

DC4

20 14

Е

Proportional spacing

ESC p n

27112 n 1В 70 n

Е

n = 0: End proportional spacing
n = 1: Begin proportional spacing

Proportional spacing ESC P n

27 80 n

1B 50 n

Р

n = 0: End proportional spacing
n = 1: Begin proportional spacing

CHARACTER SPACING

Set character spacing ESC SP n 27 32 n 1B 20 n

Е

n = 0 to 127

CHARACTER STYLE

Begin emphasised printing ESC E 27 69

1В 45

Е

Begin enhanced printing ESC G 27 71

1В 47 Е

Begin italics ESC 4 27 52

1В 34

Е

Begin italics ESC % G 27 37 71

1В 25 47

Р

Begin outline

ESC q SOH 27 113 1

1В 71 01 Е

Begin shadow ESC q STX 27 113 2

1В 71 02 Е

Begin shadow and outline

ESC q ETX 271133 1В 71 03

Е

End emphasized printing ESC F 27 70

1В 46

Е

End enhanced printing

ESC H

27 72

1В 48

Е

End italics ESC 5 27 53

1В 35

Е

End italics

ESC % H

27 37 72

1В 25 48

Р

End shadow and/or outline

ESC q NUL 27 113 09 1В

71

00

Е

Select LQ/Utility print quality

ESC x n

27 120 n 1В 78 п

Е

n = 0: Select Utility n = 1: Select LQ

Select typeface ESC к n 27 107 n

1В 68 п Е

value of n: 0 = Roman, 1 = Swiss, 2 = Courier, 3 = Prestige, 122 = Swiss Bold; 124 = Letter Gothic; 126 = Resident (Courier),

Select Font ESC [

I n1

n2 27

91

73

n1

n2

1В 5В 49

п1

п2 Р

ml m2

p1

p2 r1 ml m2p1 p2r1

ml m2p1 p2r1

COMBINED COMMANDS

Print mode combinations

ESC I n 27 33 n

1В 21 n Е

n = 0 to 255

Print mode combinations

ESC 1 n 27 73 n 18 49 n

Р

CUSTOM CHARACTERS

Copy ROM characters to RAM

ESC: NUL 27 58 0 nO

1В ЗА 00 n 00 Е

n NUL

A-2

Function ASCII

Decimal

Hexadecimal

С

Download custom characters ESC & NUL n1 27 38 n1 n2

1В 26 00 n1 n2

n2 dO d1 d2 dO

d1

d2

dO

d1

d2

(character data)

(character data)

(character data)

Select custom character set ESC % n 27 37 n

1В 25 n

n = 0: Select standard character set
n = 1: Select custom character set

CUT-SHEET

FEEDER

CONTROL

Eject cut-sheet feeder page from ESC EM R 27 25 82

1B 1952

printer
Feed cut-sheet feeder page into ESC EM I 27 25 73

1B 1949

printer
Select bin 1 ESC EM 1 27 25 49

1B 1931

Select bin 2 ESC EM 2 27 25 50

1B 1932 I

Cut-sheet feeder control ESC [ F n1 n2 27

91

70 n1 n2

1В5В46Ш n2

I

ml m2 m3

ml m2 m3

ml m2 m3

FORMS CONTROL

Form feed FF 12

ОС

Cancel skip over operation

ESCO

27 79

1B4F

Set form length by inches ESC С NULn

27 67 0 n

1В 43 00 n

Epson: n = 1 to 22 IBM: n = 0 to 255

Set form length by lines ESC С n 27 67 n

1В 43 n

Epson: n = 1 to 127 IBM: n = 1 to 255

Set top of form

ESC 4 27 52

1В 34

Skip over perforation

ESC N n 27 78 n

1В 4E n

Epson: n = 1 to 127 IBM: 1 to 255

Set vertical margins

ESC [s n1 n2 27

91

83 n1 n2

1В 5B 53 n1 n2

ml m2 p1 p2

ml m2 p1 p2

ml m2 p1 p2

GRAPHICS

Begin high resolution graphics

ESC * m n1 n2 27 42 m n1 n2

1В 2А m n1 n2

n1, n2 = 0to 255

(graphics data)

(graphics data)

(graphics data)

Begin high resolution graphics ESC [ g n1 n2m 27

91

103

n1

n2

1В 58 67

n1

n2

п1, n2 = 0 to 255

(graphics data) (graphics data)

(graphics data)

Begin high speed single density ESC Y

n1

n2 27 89 n1 n2

1В 59 n1 n2

graphics (graphics data)

(graphics data)

(graphics data)

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Begin low speed double density ESC L n1 n2 27 76 n1 n2

1B4C n1 n2

graphics

(graphics data) (graphics data)

(graphics data)

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Set Aspect Ratio ESC n d

27 100 d

1В 6E d

Begin low speed single density ESC К

n1

n2

27 75 n1 n2

1В 4B n1 n2

graphics (graphics data)

(graphics data)

(graphics data)

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Begin quadruple density graphics ESC Z

n1

n2

27 90 n1 n2

1В 5A

n1

n2

[

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

(graphics data) (graphics data)

(graphics data)

Function

ASCII

'

Decimal i Hexadecimal

(

Reassign graphics codes

ESC ? n m

27 63 n m 1B 3F n m

n = "K", "L", "Y", or "Z"

m = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 32, 33, 36, 38, 39, 40

Begin hex density graphics FS Z

n1

n2

28 90 n1 n2 1С 5A

n1

n2

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

(graphics data)

(graphics data) (graphics data)

HORIZONTAL DOT POSITION

Absolute horizontal dot position

ESC $ n1 n2

27 36 n1 n2 1В 24

n1

n2

n1 = 0 to 255 n2 = 0 to 3

Relative horizontal dot position ESC \

n1

n2

27 92 n1 n2 1В 5C n1 n2

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Relative horizontal dot position ESC d n1 n2 27 100 n1 n2

1В 64 n1 n2

n1, n2 = 0 to 255

Space Backwards ESC e n1 n2

27 101 n1 n2 1B 65 n1 n2

LINE FEED

Fine line feed

ESC J n

27 74 n 1B4An

n = 0 to 255

Epson LQ, XL24

AGM: linefeed is n/180"

IBM X24/XL24 line feed is n/216"

Fine line feed (n/360")

ESC] n 27 93 n

1B 5D n

n = 0 to 255

Fine line feed (n/360")

ESC % 4 n 27 37 52 n

1В 25 34 n

n = 0 to 255

Line feed

LF

10

OA

Reverse n/180" line feed

ESC] n 27 106 n

1B 6An

n = 0 to 255

Reverse line feed

ESC j 17 93

1B 5D

Line feed direction backwards

FS R 28 82

1С 52

Line feed direction forwards

FS F 28 70 1С 46

LINE SPACING

Begin 1/6" line spacing ESC 2 27 50

1B 32

Begin 1/8" line spacing ESCO 27 48

1B 30

Begin 7/72" line spacing ESC 1 27 49

1B 31

Begin fine line spacing

ESC 3 n 27

51

n 1B33 N

Epson, IBM X24/XL24

AGM: n = 0 to 255 spacing is n/180"
IBM X 24/XL24: n = 1 to 255 spacing

Begin n/360" line spacing ESC [ n

27

91

n 1В 58 n

Begin n/360" line spacing

ESC + n 27 43 n 1B2B n

Begin n/360" line spacing

FS 3 n 28 51 n 1С 33 n

n = 0 to 255

A-4

•• ------- " - - - - - - 1: — • ••

I

Function ASCII

Decimal

Hexadecimal

С

Begin n/360" line spacing ESC % 8 n 27 37 56 n

1В 25 38 n р

n = 1 to 255

Set line spacing units

ESC[\EOT 27

91

92 4

1B5B5C 04 p

n = 0, 180, 216

NUL NUL

0 0 0 0 n

00 00 00 00 n

NUL NULn

Set variable line spacing

ESC An

27 65 n

1В 41 n

E

n = 0 to 127
Epson: = 0 to 127, spacing n/60"
IBM Proprinter: n = 1 to 255, spacing n/72"

IBM AGM: n = 1 to 255, spacing n/60"
(in IBM modes ESC 2 must follow to activate
line spacing).

Activate variable line spacing

ESC 2 27 50

1В 32

P

MARGINS

Justification ESC a n 27 97 n

1B 61 n

E

n = 0: Left n = 1: Centre n = 2 : Right

n = 3: Left and Right

Set left and right margins

ESC X n1 n2 27 88 n1 n2

1B 58 n1 n2

P

n = 1: Left margin n=2: Right margin

n1 = 0 to 254 n2 = 1 to 255

Set left margin

ESC I n 27 108 n

1B 6C n

E

n = 0 to 254

Set right margin

ESCOn 27 81 n

1B 51 n

E

n = 1 to 255

MISCELLANEOUS

Accept data as is

ESC # 27 35

1В 23

E

Automatic line feed

ESC 5 n 27 53 n

1В 35 n

P

n = 0: Deactivate auto line feed

n = 1: Activate auto line feed

Backspace

BS 8

08

E

Begin print suppress mode

DC3 19

13

E

Begin print suppress mode

ESCOn 27

81

n

1В 51 n

P

n = 35 (ML391) or 36 (ML390)

Deselect printer

ESC j 27 106

1B6A

P

Carriage return

CR 13

OD

E

Clear buffer

CAN 24

18

P

Delete one character

DEL 127

7F

E

End print suppress mode

DC1 17

11

E

One line unidirectional printing

ESC < 27 60

1B3C

E

Paper out sensor OFF

ESC 8 27 56

1В 38

E

Paper out sensor ON

ESC 9 27 57

1В 39

E

Printing speed

ESC sn 27 115 n

1В 73 n

E

n = 0: Begin full speed printing

n = 1: Begin half speed printing

Function ASCII

Decimal

Hexadecimal

Reset

ESC @

27 64 1В 40

Reset

FS@ 28 64

1

В 40

Set 8th data bit to 1

ESC >

27 62 1В ЗЕ

Set 8th data bit to 0

ESC = 27 61 1В 3D

Unidirectional printing

ESC U n

27 85 n

1В 55 п

n = 0: Begin bidirectional printing
n = 1: Begin unidirectional printing

PRINT FEATURES

Begin superscript/subscript

ESCS n 27 83 n 1В 53 п

n = 0: Begin superscript

n = 1: Begin subscript

End superscipt/subscript

ESC T

27 84 1В 54

Overscore

ESC _ n

27 95 n 1В 5F п

n = 0: End overscore

n = 1: Begin overscore

Set score type

ESC (-n1 n2

27 40 45 n1 ni ! 1В 28 2D п1 п2

m d1 d2

m d1 d2

m d1 d2

Underlining

ESC-n

27 45 n 1В 2D n

n = 0: End underlining

n = 1: Start underlining

TABS

Relative print position

ESC f n m

27 102 n m 1В 66 n m

n = 0: Horizontal n = 1: Vertical tabs

m = 0 to 127

Horizontal tab

HT 9 09

Reset horizontal and vertical tabs to default

ESC R

27 82

1

В 52

Select vertical tab channel

ESC/n

27 47 n 1B2F n

Set horizontal tab stops

ESC D

27 68 1B 44

Epson: n = 1 to 255 к = 1 to 32 n1 ... nkNUL

n1 ... nk 0 n1 ... nk 00

IBM: n = 1 to 255 к = 1 to 28

Set relative tab stops

ESC e n m

27 101 n m

1В 65 n m

n = 0: Horizontal tabs n = 1: Vertical tabs
m = 0 to 127

If n = 0, m represents character spaces

from current print position.

If n = 1, m represents lines from current

print position.

Set vertical tabs for channel n

ESC b n

27 98 n 1B 62 n

n = 0 to 7 m = 0 to 255 к = 1 to 16

ml. mk NUL ml ... mk 0

ml ... mk 00

Set vertical tab stops

ESC В

27 66

1

В 42

Epson: к = 1 to 16 n = 1 to 255

n1 ... nk NUL n1 ... nk 0 n1 ... nk 00

IBM: к = 1 to 64 n = 1 to 255

n = 1 to 255

Vertical tab

VT 11 0B

A-6

Appendix В

Character Code Tables

IBM Character Set 1 (selected by ESC 7)

0

1 2 3

4

5

6 7

8

9

A

В С

D E

0

0

16

32

0

4»

§

64

P

so

V

96

P

112

128 144

ś

160

176

L

192

JL

203

a

224

1

i

DCI

17

!

33

1

49

A

65

9

81

a

97

q

113 129

DCI

145

i

i6i 177

X

193

^

13

225

2

2

DC 2

18

34

2

30

В

66

R

82

b

93

r

114

130

DC2

146

6

162

Щ

s

178

194T

Йо

Т

Г

226

3

3

DC3

19

#

35

3

51

с

67

s

83

С

99

s

115

131

DC3

147

й

163 „I"

L

211

n

227

4

4

DC4

20

s

36

4

52

D

68

T

84

d

100

t

116

132

DC4

[48

П

164

j

196

U

212 I 228

5

s

21

%

J7

5

53

E

69

U

85

e

101

U

117 133

149

Ń

165

j

197

^

a

229

6

6

n

&

38

6

54

F

70

. V
86

f

102

V

118

134 150

a

166

j

214 ^

Ш

7

7

23

r

39

7

55

G

71

W

87

g

103

W

119

135 151

Q

167

(99 O'

t

215

11

r

231

8

BS

8

CAN

24

(

40

8

56

H

n

X

88

h

104

X

120

BS

136

CAN

152

i

168

&

200

216^ i 232

9

HT

9

2S

)

41

9

57

I

73

У

89

i

105

У

121

HT

137

153

r—

169

J

217

в

233

A

LF

10

26

*

42

50 '

J

74

Z

90

j

106

Z

122

LF

138

154

"1

im 1,1 & 202

Я

234

В

VT

11

ESC

27

+

43

t

59

К

,75

[

91

к

107 { 123

VT

139

ESC

155

'S

171 авТ

2»B

б

235

С

FF

13

и

/

44

<

60

L

76

\

«

1

J53

J

FF

140 И6

H

172

Л

188

тШ

09

236

D

CR

13

29

45

s

61

M

77

m

109

CR

141 157

1

173

J

1S9

r ,

22,1

И

E

SO

14 30

46 '

>

62

N

7»

л

94

n

110

126

SD

142 158

«

174

d

190

гобИ"

Г»*

F

SI

и 3'

/

47

0

*

95 —

0

Ш

127

SI

143

№

»

1911 i 207

•

m—

W

IBM Character Set 2 (selected by ESC 6)

0

1 2 3 4

5 6 7

8 9 А В

С

D

0

0

16 32

0

48

@

6i

P

80

96

P

112

ę

128

Ё

144

a

160

176

L

192

X

208

в

4

1

l

DC1

n

s

33

1

49

A

65

Q

81

a

97

q

U3

ii

129

ае

145 i 161 177

-L

193

T

209

Kt

2

2

DC2

18

II

34

2

50

В

66

R

82

b

98

r

114

ё

130

IE

И

6

ó

162

178

T

194

T

210

2J6

3

3

DC3

19

#

35

3

51

С

67

S

83

С

99

s

115

a

131

б

147

й

163

1

IW

I"

195

IL

211

4

4

DC4

20

$

36

4

52

D

68

T

84

d

100

t

116

a

132

б

148

n

164

1

180 196

U

212

Й?

5

J

21

%

37

5

53

E

»

U

85

e

101

U

117

&

133

Ó

149

Ń

165

J

»

Г

JP

6

6

22

&

38

6

54

F

70

V

86

£

102

V

118

A

134

а

150

i

166

1

182

V

й

7

7

23 39

7

55

G

71

W

87

Я

103

W

119

ę

135

й

151

0

167

W

1

t

215

Я1

8

BS 8 CAN

и

(

40

8

56

H

72

X

88

h

104

X

120

ё

136

У

152 i 168

«1

t

200

„6+

9

HT

9

25

)

41

9

57

I

73

У

m

i

105

У

121

ё

137

й

153

1»

J

217

S?

A

LF

10

26

Л

42 58

J

74

Z

90

j

106

Z

122

ё

138

и

154

—1

170

i

186 "

it

202

»«

В

VT

li

ESC

27

+

43

/

59

К

75

t

91

к

107

{

123

1

139

С

(55

h

171 203

11

219 Q

W

С

FF

12 28

/

44

<

60

L

76

\

92

1

108

1

124

i

140

£

156

h

172

Л

188

204 220™

n-

D

CR

13

29

45

61

M

77

]

93

Ш

109

}

125

i

141

¥

157

i

173

J

189

205

vr

E

SO

u

30 46

>

62

N

78

л

94

n

110 126

A

142

Pt

158

«

174

J

190 206 +

p

F

SI

15

Д

/

47

63

0

79

95

—

О

111

127

A

143

/

159

»

175

-L

HP

m

223

p

B-2

IBM ASI Character Set (selected by ESCA or ESC\ n1 2)
(Code Page 437 - USA)

0

1 2 3

4 5

6 7 8 9

A

В

С D

E

0

0

0

>

It 32

0

AS

@

Ы

P

80 96

P

112

ę

128

&

144

&

160

176

L

192

JL

20»

а

22»

1

О

i

0

17

!

33

1

49

A

65

Q

81

а

97

q

>13

U

120

a

145

i.

i6i 177

X

193

13

225

2

©

2

X

IS

n

34

2

50

В

66

R

82

b

98

r

114

ё

130

В

146

6

162

178

1,Т

T

210

Г

226

3

V

3

!!

19

ft

35

3

51

с

67

s

83

с

99

s

115

S

131

6

147

й

163

j 195 '

a.

211

Я

227

4

4

1

20

$

36

4

52

D

68

T

w

d

100

t

116

a

132

6

148

ń

1Ы j 196

U

212

Z

228

5

5

$

21

%

37

5

53

E

»

U

85

е

101

U

117

a

133

d

149

Й

165

j

197

213 Г

О

229

6

*

6 22 ~ & 38

6

54

F

70

V

86

f

102

V

118

&

134

й

150

a

IM

j

(=

198

1

214 Г

7 0

7

J

!

39

7

55

G

71

W

87

g

103

W

119

135*

й

151

s

167

183 1 3-199 »

+

215 >

t

а,

8

J

J

8

56

H

72

Х-

88

h

104

X

120

ё

136

,52*

l

168

1841

Br

200 216^

Ф

232

9

О

9

J J

9

57

I

73

Y

89

i

105

У

121

ё

137

б

153

1»

1.1 201 F J 217

0

233

A

1

10

•*

26

*

42

„58 *

J

74

Z

90

j

106

Z

122

ё

138

tł

-ł

170 186 в

i

202

218 Г

£2

2ł4

В

<J

11

«-

27

+

43

59 » К 75

С

91

к

107 „И i 139

С

155

h

171

ш1

203^

219 И

6

235

С

12*

L

28

44 '

<

60

L

76

\

92

1

108

J

i

140

£

156

k

172

Л

188

B'

204 U

220 И

00

236

D

H

29

45

61

M

77

93 1 m 109 125 > i 141

¥

157

i

173

J

189

205 22,1

237 *

£

J

A

30 46

>

62

N

78

Л

94

n

110 126

A

142

Pt

158

«

174

190

206 ^

222 0

238

е

F

15»

V

31

-

J

?

63 '

0

79 05 —

0

111

й

127

A

143

»

175

191 T

A

207

•

223

23,'П

Code Page 850 (Multilingual)

0 1 2

3 4 5 6

7 8

9 A В

С D

0

0

0

I>

16

32

0

48

e

Ы

P

го

i

96

P

112

ę

£

1*4

&

1» 176

L

192

В

208

1

©

i

<

17 j 33

1

49

A

65

Q

81

a

97

4

113

u

129

£

145

i

i6i

177 X 193

В

209

2

©

2

Ф

18

и

34

2

50

В

66

R

82

b

98

r

114

ё

130

ffi

146 6 162

178'

*

194 £ 210

3

3

н

19

4)

35

3

51

с

67

s

J3

с

99

s

115

a

131

6

147

й

163

J

195

l'

Ё

211

4

0

4

1

20

$

36

4

52

D

68

T

84

d

100 t 116

a

132

б

148 ń 164 J

196

Ё

212

5

•

5

s

21

%

37

5

53

E

*>

U

85

e

101 U 117

&

133

ó

149

fi

165

A

181

197 "t"

1

213

6

6

6

22

~ & 38

6

54

F

70

V

86 f 102

V

118

&

134

й

150 a w

A

182

a

198 1 214

7 0

7

ł

39

7

55

G

71

W

87 g 103

W

119

й

151

0

167 A 183

A

199

г

215

8

Л

40 ' 8 56

H

72

X

88

h

104

X

120

ё

13«

i

168

©

184

Ь

200

1

216

9

О

я

i

25

* J

9

57

I

73

Y

89

i

105

U!

7

ё

137

0

153

®

169 1S5 "A

201 IT

J

217

A

E

-»

26

ft

42

>

58

J

74

Z

00

Z

122

ё

138

0

154 170 186

H

A

202

218 Г

В

d

П

«-

27

+

43

К

75 91 I

к

107

„И

1

139

0

155

h

m 1871

203 Y

2191

С

ц9

L

28

44 ' < «0

Ł

76

\

92

1

108

i

140

£

156

4

172

Л

188

220И

D

„>

»

29

45 61

M

77

93 3 m 109

125 >

i

f

41

0

157 1 173

С

189 205°

221

1

E

14л

-И ' > 62

78* л 94

n

110 126

ft

142

X

158

«

174 190^

гобИ

1

Я

1

F

15*

T

M

f

63 '

7,

0

95 —

0

Ul

0

№

A

143

))

175

191 1

•

ш ..

B-4

IBM National Character Sets (selected by ESC ! n)

This table shows the ASCII character and the corresponding characters that it is
with, when an alternative language character set is selected by menu or cornm,

Hexadecimal

23 24 26 30

40 4F

5B 5C 5D 5E 5F

60

69 7B 7C 7

Decimal

35

36 38 48 64 79 91 92 93

94

95

96 1051231241

n = Language

@ ASCII (0)

#

$

&

e

e

0

[

\

i

л

-

i t

1

A ASCII

#

s

& 0

g

0

[

\

i

А

_

•

i {

1

В British

£

s

& 0

§

0

[

\

]

_

•

i {

1

С German

#

$

& 0

s 0

ft

0 и

»

•

i a

б

D French

£

$

& 0

4

0

°

ę

S

_

i ё

й

E Swedish I

#

и

&

0

t 0 ft

6

А

О

_

ё

i a б

F Danish

#

s

&

0

g

0

£ 0 А а

_

•

i ae 0

G Norwegian

#

$

& 0 0

0

E

a А

А

_

i s

0

H Dutch

£

5

&

0

e

0 I

и

1

А

_

1

i <

a

I Italian

£

S

&

0

s

0

°

ę

ё

л

й i a

б (

J French-Canadian

u

S

ё

0

к 0

a

ę

ё i

1 6

i ё

й «

К Spanish

t

s

& 0 1

0

N

ii Ł

U

_

a

i ё

i

t Swedish II

it

$

&

0

t 0 ft

б А

U

_

ё

i a

6

M Swedish III

S

s

&

0

t

0

ft б А

U

ё

i a б

N Swedish IV

S и

&

0 t

0 ft

б

А

-

ё

i a

б

0 Turkish 5

$ 9

0

§

0

i

б

u

e

ę

i 1 б i

P Swiss I

£

$

&

0

ę

0

& k

ё

»

-

i a б

Q Swiss II

£

$ &

0

s

0

к

ę

ё

* •

i a

б i

Z Legal/Publisher

#

S

& 0 s

0

•

• "

i

±

•

i ®

®

Epson Character Tables
Epson Normal Character Set (Selected by ESC t NUL E

0

1

2 3 4

5 б

7

8 9 A

в С D

0

JL__

14

32

0

48

@

64

P

80

i

96

P

112 128

144

160

0

176

§

192

Р

208

1

DCI

17

J

33

1

49

A

65

Q

81

а

97

q

113

129

DCI

145

/

161

1

1*77

А

193

С

209

2

2

DC2

18

tl

34

2

50

В

66

R

82

ь

98

r

114

130

DC2

146

162

2

178

В

194

Я

210

3

3

DC3

19

#

35

3

51

с

67

s

83

С

99

s

115 131

Dca

147

#

163

3

179

С

195

S

211

4

4

DC4

20

$

36

4

52

D

68

T

84

d

100

t

116 132

DC4

148

$

164

4

ISO

D

196 т 212

5

5

21

%

37

5

53

E

69

U

85

е

101

U

117 133

149

1

165 5 181

Е

197

С/

213

6

6

22

&

38

6

54

F

70

V

86

f

102

V

118

134

150

&

166

6

182

F

198

У

214

7

7

Ж _J

t

39

7

55

G

71

W

87

Я

103

W

119

135

151

167

7

183

G

199

W

215

8

BS

8

CAN

24

(

40

8

56

H.

72

X

88

h

104

X

120

BS

136

CAN

152

(

168

8

184

Я

200

X

216

9

HT

9

25

)

41

9

57

I

73

У

89

i

105

У

121

HT

137 153

)

169

9

185

I

201

К

217

A

LF

10

26

*

42

58

J

74

Z

90

j

106

Z

122

LF

138

154

*

170 186

J

202

Z

218

В

VT

и

ESC

27

+

43

r

59

К

75

[

91

к

107

{

123

VT

139

ESC

155

+

171

/

187

К

203

/"

219

С

FF

12

28

r

44

<

60

L

76

\

92

1

108

1

124

FF

140

156

r

172

<

188

L

204

\

D

CR

13 29

45 61

M

77

3

93

m

109

}

125

CR

141

157 173

1Ю

я

205

7

221

E

SO

14

JP 46

>

62

N

78

л

94

n

110

126

SD

142

158 174

>

190

Л

206 л 222

F

SI

И

11

/

47

?

a

0

79 Я"

О

111 127

SI

143

J£

/

Ш

9

191

-•

О

2а— ггП

B-6