NSC LM117MDA, LM117KSTEEL, LM117KGMW8, LM117KGMD8, LM117K-883 Datasheet
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LM117/LM317A/LM317
3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator
General Description
The LM117 series of adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage
regulators is capable of supplying in excess of 1.5A over a
1.2V to 37V output range. They are exceptionally easy to
use and require only two external resistors to set the output
voltage. Further,bothline and load regulation are better than
standard fixed regulators. Also, the LM117 is packaged in
standard transistor packages which are easily mounted and
handled.
In addition to higher performance than fixed regulators, the
LM117 series offers full overload protection available only in
IC’s. Included on the chip are current limit, thermal overload
protection and safe area protection. All overload protection
circuitry remains fully functional even if the adjustment terminal is disconnected.
Normally,no capacitors are needed unless the device is situated more than 6 inches from the input filter capacitors in
which case an input bypass is needed. An optional output
capacitor can be added to improve transient response. The
adjustment terminal can be bypassed to achieve very high
ripple rejection ratios which are difficult to achieve with standard 3-terminal regulators.
Besides replacing fixed regulators, the LM117 is useful in a
wide variety of other applications. Since the regulator is
“floating” and sees only the input-to-output differential volt-
age, supplies of several hundred volts can be regulated as
long as the maximum input to output differential is not exceeded, i.e., avoid short-circuiting the output.
Also, it makes an especially simple adjustable switching
regulator,a programmable output regulator, or by connecting
a fixed resistor between the adjustment pin and output, the
LM117 can be used as a precision current regulator. Supplies with electronic shutdown can be achieved by clamping
the adjustment terminal to ground which programs the output to 1.2V where most loads draw little current.
For applications requiring greater output current, see LM150
series (3A) and LM138 series (5A) data sheets. For the
negative complement, see LM137 series data sheet.
Features
n Guaranteed 1%output voltage tolerance (LM317A)
n Guaranteed max. 0.01%/V line regulation (LM317A)
n Guaranteed max. 0.3%load regulation (LM117)
n Guaranteed 1.5A output current
n Adjustable output down to 1.2V
n Current limit constant with temperature
n P
+
Product Enhancement tested
n 80 dB ripple rejection
n Output is short-circuit protected
Typical Applications LM117 Series Packages
Part Number Design
Suffix Package Load
Current
K TO-3 1.5A
H TO-39 0.5A
T TO-220 1.5A
E LCC 0.5A
S TO-263 1.5A
EMP SOT-223 1A
MDT TO-252 0.5A
SOT-223 vs D-Pak (TO-252)
Packages
1.2V–25V Adjustable Regulator
DS009063-1
Full output current not available at high input-output voltages
*
Needed if device is more than 6 inches from filter capacitors.
†
Optional— improves transient response. Output capacitors in the range
of 1 µF to 1000 µF of aluminum or tantalum electrolytic are commonly
used to provide improved output impedance and rejection of transients.
DS009063-54
Scale 1:1
August 1999
LM117/LM317A/LM317 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator
© 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS009063 www.national.com
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Power Dissipation Internally Limited
Input-Output Voltage Differential +40V, −0.3V
Storage Temperature −65˚C to +150˚C
Lead Temperature
Metal Package (Soldering, 10 seconds) 300˚C
Plastic Package (Soldering, 4 seconds) 260˚C
ESD Tolerance (Note 5) 3 kV
Operating Temperature Range
LM117 −55˚C ≤ TJ≤ +150˚C
LM317A −40˚C ≤ T
J
≤ +125˚C
LM317 0˚C ≤ T
J
≤ +125˚C
Preconditioning
Thermal Limit Burn-In All Devices 100
%
Electrical Characteristics (Note 3)
Specifications with standard type face are for T
J
=
25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Tempera-
ture Range. Unless otherwise specified, V
IN−VOUT
=
5V, and I
OUT
=
10 mA.
Parameter Conditions LM117 (Note 2) Units
Min Typ Max
Reference Voltage V
3V ≤ (V
IN−VOUT
) ≤ 40V, 1.20 1.25 1.30 V
10 mA ≤ I
OUT
≤ I
MAX
,P≤P
MAX
Line Regulation 3V ≤ (VIN−V
OUT
) ≤ 40V (Note 4) 0.01 0.02
%
/V
0.02 0.05
%
/V
Load Regulation 10 mA ≤ I
OUT
≤ I
MAX
(Note 4) 0.1 0.3
%
0.3 1
%
Thermal Regulation 20 ms Pulse 0.03 0.07
%
/W
Adjustment Pin Current 50 100 µA
Adjustment Pin Current Change 10 mA ≤ I
OUT
≤ I
MAX
0.2 5 µA
3V ≤ (V
IN−VOUT
) ≤ 40V
Temperature Stability T
MIN
≤ TJ≤ T
MAX
1
%
Minimum Load Current (V
IN−VOUT
)=40V 3.5 5 mA
Current Limit (V
IN−VOUT
) ≤ 15V
K Package 1.5 2.2 3.4 A
H Packages 0.5 0.8 1.8 A
(V
IN−VOUT
)=40V
K Package 0.3 0.4 A
H Package 0.15 0.2 A
RMS Output Noise,%of V
OUT
10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz 0.003
%
Ripple Rejection Ratio V
OUT
=
10V, f=120 Hz, 65 dB
C
ADJ
=
0µF
V
OUT
=
10V, f=120 Hz, 66 80 dB
C
ADJ
=
10 µF
Long-Term Stability T
J
=
125˚C, 1000 hrs 0.3 1
%
Thermal Resistance, K Package 2.3 3 ˚C/W
Junction-to-Case H Package 12 15 ˚C/W
E Package ˚C/W
Thermal Resistance, Junction- K Package 35 ˚C/W
to-Ambient (No Heat Sink) H Package 140 ˚C/W
E Package ˚C/W
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Electrical Characteristics (Note 3)
Specifications with standard type face are for T
J
=
25˚C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Tempera-
ture Range. Unless otherwise specified, V
IN−VOUT
=
5V, and I
OUT
=
10 mA.
Parameter Conditions LM317A LM317 Units
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
Reference Voltage 1.238 1.250 1.262 V
3V ≤ (V
IN−VOUT
) ≤ 40V, 1.225 1.250 1.270 1.20 1.25 1.30 V
10 mA ≤ I
OUT
≤ I
MAX
,P≤P
MAX
Line Regulation 3V ≤ (VIN−V
OUT
) ≤ 40V (Note 4) 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.04%/V
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.07%/V
Load Regulation 10 mA ≤ I
OUT
≤ I
MAX
(Note 4) 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5
%
0.3 1 0.3 1.5
%
Thermal Regulation 20 ms Pulse 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.07%/W
Adjustment Pin Current 50 100 50 100 µA
Adjustment Pin Current
Change
10 mA ≤ I
OUT
≤ I
MAX
0.2 5 0.2 5 µA
3V ≤ (V
IN−VOUT
) ≤ 40V
Temperature Stability T
MIN
≤ TJ≤ T
MAX
11
%
Minimum Load Current (V
IN−VOUT
)=40V 3.5 10 3.5 10 mA
Current Limit (V
IN−VOUT
) ≤ 15V
K, T, S Packages 1.5 2.2 3.4 1.5 2.2 3.4 A
H Package
MP Package
0.5
1.5
0.8
2.2
1.8
3.4
0.5
1.5
0.8
2.2
1.8
3.4AA
(V
IN−VOUT
)=40V
K, T, S Packages 0.15 0.4 0.15 0.4 A
H Package
MP Package
0.075
0.55
0.2
0.4
0.075
0.15
0.2
0.4
A
A
RMS Output Noise,%of V
OUT
10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 10 kHz 0.003 0.003
%
Ripple Rejection Ratio V
OUT
=
10V, f=120 Hz, 65 65 dB
C
ADJ
=
0µF
V
OUT
=
10V, f=120 Hz, 66 80 66 80 dB
C
ADJ
=
10 µF
Long-Term Stability T
J
=
125˚C, 1000 hrs 0.3 1 0.3 1
%
Thermal Resistance,
Junction-to-Case
K Package
MDT Package
2.353 ˚C/W
˚C/W
H Package 12 15 12 15 ˚C/W
T Package
MP Package
4
23.5
54
23.5
˚C/W
˚C/W
Thermal Resistance,
Junction-to-Ambient (No Heat
Sink)
K Package
MDT Package(Note 6)
35 35
92
˚C/W
˚C/W
H Package 140 140 ˚C/W
T Package 50 50 ˚C/W
S Package (Note 6) 50 50 ˚C/W
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The
guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed.
Note 2: Refer to RETS117H drawing for the LM117H, or the RETS117K for the LM117K military specifications.
Note 3: Although power dissipation is internally limited, these specifications are applicable for maximum power dissipations of 2W for the TO-39 and SOT-223 and
20W for the TO-3, TO-220, and TO-263. I
MAX
is 1.5A for the TO-3, TO-220, and TO-263 packages, 0.5A for the TO-39 package and 1A for the SOT-223 Package.
All limits (i.e., the numbers in the Min. and Max. columns) are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Note 4: Regulation is measured at a constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output voltage due to heating effects are
covered under the specifications for thermal regulation.
Note 5: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor.
Note 6: If the TO-263 or TO-252 packages are used, the thermal resistance can be reduced by increasing the PC board copper area thermally connected to the
package. If the SOT-223 package is used, the thermal resistance can be reduced by increasing the PC board copper area (see applications hints for heatsinking).
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Typical Performance Characteristics
Output Capacitor=0 µF unless otherwise noted
Load Regulation
DS009063-37
Current Limit
DS009063-38
Adjustment Current
DS009063-39
Dropout Voltage
DS009063-40
Temperature Stability
DS009063-41
Minimum Operating Current
DS009063-42
Ripple Rejection
DS009063-43
Ripple Rejection
DS009063-44
Ripple Rejection
DS009063-45
Output Impedance
DS009063-46
Line Transient Response
DS009063-47
Load Transient Response
DS009063-48
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Application Hints
In operation, the LM117 develops a nominal 1.25V reference
voltage, V
REF
, between the output and adjustment terminal.
The reference voltage is impressed across program resistor
R1 and, since the voltage is constant, a constant current I
1
then flows through the output set resistor R2, giving an output voltage of
Since the 100 µA current from the adjustment terminal represents an error term, the LM117 was designed to minimize
I
ADJ
and make it very constant with line and load changes.
To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the
output establishing a minimum load current requirement. If
there is insufficient load on the output, the output will rise.
External Capacitors
An input bypass capacitor is recommended. A 0.1 µF disc or
1 µF solid tantalum on the input is suitable input bypassing
for almost all applications. The device is more sensitive to
the absence of input bypassing when adjustment or output
capacitors are used but the above values will eliminate the
possibility of problems.
The adjustment terminal can be bypassed to ground on the
LM117 to improve ripple rejection. This bypass capacitor
prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is
increased. With a 10 µF bypass capacitor 80 dB ripple rejection is obtainable at any output level. Increases over 10 µF
do not appreciably improve the ripple rejection at frequencies above 120 Hz. If the bypass capacitor is used, it is
sometimes necessary to include protection diodes to prevent
the capacitor from discharging through internal low current
paths and damaging the device.
In general, the best type of capacitors to use is solid tantalum. Solid tantalum capacitors have low impedance even at
high frequencies. Depending upon capacitor construction, it
takes about 25 µF in aluminum electrolytic to equal 1 µF
solid tantalum at high frequencies. Ceramic capacitors are
also good at high frequencies; but some types have a large
decrease in capacitance at frequencies around 0.5 MHz. For
this reason, 0.01 µF disc may seem to work better than a 0.1
µF disc as a bypass.
Although the LM117 is stable with no output capacitors, like
any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance
can cause excessive ringing. This occurs with values between 500 pF and 5000 pF.A 1 µF solid tantalum (or 25 µF
aluminum electrolytic) on the output swamps this effect and
insures stability.Any increase of the load capacitance larger
than 10 µF will merely improve the loop stability and output
impedance.
Load Regulation
The LM117 is capable of providing extremely good load
regulation but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. The current set resistor connected between the adjustment terminal and the output terminal (usually 240Ω) should be tied directly to the output (case) of the
regulator rather than near the load. This eliminates line
drops from appearing effectively in series with the reference
and degrading regulation. For example, a 15V regulator with
0.05Ω resistance between the regulator and load will have a
load regulation due to line resistance of 0.05Ω xI
L
. If the set
resistor is connected near the load the effective line resistance will be 0.05Ω (1 + R2/R1) or in this case, 11.5 times
worse.
Figure 2
shows the effect of resistance between the regula-
tor and 240Ω set resistor.
With the TO-3 package, it is easy to minimize the resistance
from the case to the set resistor,by using two separate leads
to the case. However, with the TO-39 package, care should
be taken to minimize the wire length of the output lead. The
ground of R2 can be returned near the ground of the load to
provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation.
Protection Diodes
When external capacitors are used with
any
IC regulator it is
sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent
the capacitors from discharging through low current points
into the regulator. Most 10 µF capacitors have low enough
internal series resistance to deliver 20A spikes when
shorted. Although the surge is short, there is enough energy
to damage parts of the IC.
When an output capacitor is connected to a regulator and
the input is shorted, the output capacitor will discharge into
the output of the regulator. The discharge current depends
on the value of the capacitor, the output voltage of the regulator, and the rate of decrease of V
IN
. In the LM117, this discharge path is through a large junction that is able to sustain
15A surge with no problem. This is not true of other types of
positive regulators. For output capacitors of 25 µF or less,
there is no need to use diodes.
The bypass capacitor on the adjustment terminal can discharge through a low current junction. Discharge occurs
when
either
the input or output is shorted. Internal to the
LM117is a 50Ω resistor which limits the peak discharge current. No protection is needed for output voltages of 25V or
DS009063-5
FIGURE 1.
DS009063-6
FIGURE 2. Regulator with Line Resistance in Output
Lead
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Application Hints (Continued)
less and 10 µF capacitance.
Figure 3
shows an LM117 with
protection diodes included for use with outputs greater than
25V and high values of output capacitance.
When a value for θ
(H−A)
is found using the equation shown,
a heatsink must be selected that has a value that is less than
or equal to this number.
θ
(H−A)
is specified numerically by the heatsink manufacturer
in the catalog, or shown in a curve that plots temperature rise
vs power dissipation for the heatsink.
HEATSINKING TO-263, SOT-223 AND TO-252 PACKAGE
PARTS
The TO-263 (“S”), SOT-223 (“MP”) and TO-252 (”DT”) packages use a copper plane on the PCB and the PCB itself as
a heatsink. To optimize the heat sinking ability of the plane
and PCB, solder the tab of the package to the plane.
Figure 4
shows for the TO-263 the measured values of θ
(J−A)
for different copper area sizes using a typical PCB with 1
ounce copper
and no solder mask over the copper area used
for heatsinking.
As shown in the figure, increasing the copper area beyond 1
square inch produces very little improvement. It should also
be observed that the minimum value of θ
(J−A)
for the TO-263
package mounted to a PCB is 32˚C/W.
As a design aid,
Figure 5
shows the maximum allowable
power dissipation compared to ambient temperature for the
TO-263 device (assuming θ
(J−A)
is 35˚C/W and the maxi-
mum junction temperature is 125˚C).
Figure 6
and
Figure 7
show the information for the SOT-223
package.
Figure 7
assumes a θ
(J−A)
of 74˚C/W for 1 ounce
copper and 51˚C/W for 2 ounce copper and a maximum
junction temperature of 125˚C.
DS009063-7
D1 protects against C1
D2 protects against C2
FIGURE 3. Regulator with Protection Diodes
DS009063-55
FIGURE 4. θ
(J−A)
vs Copper (1 ounce) Area for the
TO-263 Package
DS009063-56
FIGURE 5. Maximum Power Dissipation vs T
AMB
for
the TO-263 Package
DS009063-57
FIGURE 6. θ
(J−A)
vs Copper (2 ounce) Area for the
SOT-223 Package
DS009063-58
FIGURE 7. Maximum Power Dissipation vs T
AMB
for
the SOT-223 Package
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Application Hints (Continued)
The LM317 regulators have internal thermal shutdown to
protect the device from over-heating. Under all possible operating conditions, the junction temperature of the LM317
must be within the range of 0˚C to 125˚C. A heatsink may be
required depending on the maximum power dissipation and
maximum ambient temperature of the application. To determine if a heatsink is needed, the power dissipated by the
regulator, P
D
, must be calculated:
I
IN
=
I
L+IG
P
D
=
(V
IN−VOUT)IL+VINIG
Figure 8
shows the voltage and currents which are present in
the circuit.
The next parameter which must be calculated is the maximum allowable temperature rise, T
R
(max):
T
R
(max)=TJ(max) − TA(max)
where T
J
(max) is the maximum allowable junction tempera-
ture (125˚C), and T
A
(max) is the maximum ambient tem-
perature which will be encountered in the application.
Using the calculated values for T
R
(max) and PD, the maximum allowable value for the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance (θ
JA
) can be calculated:
θ
JA
=
T
R
(max)/P
D
If the maximum allowable value for θJAis found to be
≥92˚C/W (Typical Rated Value) for TO-252 package, no
heatsink is needed since the package alone will dissipate
enough heat to satisfy these requirements. If the calculated
value for θ
JA
falls below these limits, a heatsink is required.
As a design aid,
Table 1
shows the value of the θJAof
TO-252 for different heatsink area. The copper patterns that
we used to measure these θ
JA
s are shown at the end of the
Application Notes Section.
Figure 9
reflects the same test re-
sults as what are in the
Table 1
Figure 10
shows the maximum allowable power dissipation
vs. ambient temperature for the TO-252 device.
Figure 11
shows the maximum allowable power dissipation vs. copper
area (in
2
) for the TO-252 device. Please see AN1028 for
power enhancement techniques to be used with SOT-223
and TO-252 packages.
TABLE 1. θ
JA
Different Heatsink Area
Layout Copper Area Thermal Resistance
Top Side (in
2
)* Bottom Side (in2)(θ
JA
˚C/W) TO-252
1 0.0123 0 103
2 0.066 0 87
3 0.3 0 60
4 0.53 0 54
5 0.76 0 52
61 0 47
7 0 0.2 84
8 0 0.4 70
9 0 0.6 63
10 0 0.8 57
11 0 1 57
12 0.066 0.066 89
13 0.175 0.175 72
14 0.284 0.284 61
15 0.392 0.392 55
16 0.5 0.5 53
Note:*Tab of device attached to topside of copper.
DS009063-60
FIGURE 8. Power Dissipation Diagram
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Application Hints (Continued)
DS009063-61
FIGURE 9. θJAvs 2oz Copper Area for TO-252
DS009063-63
FIGURE 10. Maximum Allowable Power Dissipation vs. Ambient Temperature for TO-252
DS009063-62
FIGURE 11. Maximum Allowable Power Dissipation vs. 2oz Copper Area for TO-252
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