Circuit Diagram of RF Block (Version 24 Edit 469) for layout 243/A3U–12
Layout Diagram of UR9U (Layout version 24)3/A3U–13. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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NSK–3
Technical Documentation
Transceiver NSK–3
Introduction
The NSK–3 is a radio transceiver unit for the PCN (GSM1800) network. It
is a GSM phase 2 power class 4 transceiver providing 11 power levels
with a maximum output power of 1 W. The transceiver is true 3 V transceiver.
The transceiver consists of System/RF module ( UR9E/U ), User interface
module ( UE4 ) and assembly parts.
The antenna is a fixed helix. External antenna connection is provided by
rear RF connector
Integrated IR link provide connection for two NSK–3 transceivers or
NSK–3 transceiver and PC.
The small SIM ( Subscriber Identity Module ) card is located inside the
phone, under the battery pack.
System Module
Functional Description
There are five different operation modes:
– power off mode
– idle mode
– active mode
– charge mode
– local mode
In the power off mode only the circuits needed for power up are supplied.
In the idle mode circuits are powered down and only sleep clock is run-
ning.
In the active mode all the circuits are supplied with power although some
parts might be in the idle state part of the time.
The charge mode is effective in parallel with all previous modes. The
charge mode itself consists of two different states, i.e. the charge and the
maintenance mode.
9SGNDBottom & IBI connectorsAudio signal ground.
10XEARBottom & IBI connectorsAnalog audio output.
11MBUSBottom & IBI connectorsBidirectional serial bus.
12FBUS_RXBottom & IBI connectorsSerial data in.
13FBUS_TXBottom & IBI connectorsSerial data out.
14L_GNDBottom charger contactsLogic and charging ground.
RF–Connector
The RF–connector is needed to utilize the external antenna with Car
Cradle. The RF–connector is located on the back side of the transceiver
on the top section. The connector is plug type connector with special mechanical switching.
Accessory side of connector
Part will be floating in
car holder
Phone side of connector
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Technical Documentation
Battery Contacts
PinNameFunctionDescription
1BVOLTBattery voltageBattery voltage
2BSIBattery Size IndicatorInput voltage
3BTEMPBattery temperature indication
Phone power up
Battery power up
PWM to VIBRA BA TTERY
4BGNDGround
Input voltage
Input voltage
Output voltage
PWM output signal frequency
SIM Reader
System Module
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System Module
IR Link
IR link module is located into the top of the phone under the IR lens, see
Figure 2, Infra Red.
IR link is used as a data link to a PC or for transfering data between
phones
FRONT
BACK
Technical Documentation
2mm
4mm
10mm
3mm
Operating Conditions
Environmental conditionAmbient temperatureNotes
Normal operation conditions +7 oC ... +40 oC Specifications fulfilled and fast
Cessation of operation <–25 oC and >80 oC No storage or operation at-
Long term storage conditions 0 oC ... +40 oC Battery only up to +30 oC !
+55 oC ... +65 oC Operational only for short peri-
ods
–25 oC ... –10 oC and
+65 oC ... +80 oC
Operation maybe not possible
but attempt to operate will
not damage the phone
tempt possible without per-
manent dam– age
Short term storage, max. 96 h –25 oC ... +70 oCCumulative for life–time of bat-
tery
Short term storage, max. 12 h –25 oC ... +80 oCCumulative for life–time of bat-
tery
–25 oC ... +75 oCLCD operation
Short term operation > +70 oCMaximum value for SIM card,
GSM spec. 11.11
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Technical Documentation
Functional Description
The DCS 1800 engine consist of a Baseband/RF module with connections to a separate user interface module. Baseband and RF modules
are interconnected with PCB wiring. The engine can be connected to accessories via the bottom system connector, the Intelligent Battery Interface (IBI) connector and IR–link.
The RF submodule receives and demodulates radio frequency signals
from the base station and transmits modulated RF signals to the base
station. It consists of functional submodules Receiver, Frequency Synthesizer and Transmitter.
The Baseband module containes audio, control, signal processing and
power supply functions. It consists of functional submodules CTRLU
(Control Unit; MCU, DSP, logic and memories), PWRU (Power Supply;
regulators and charging) and AUDIO_RF (audio coding, RF–BB interface).
System Module
Modes of Operation
UR4 operates in cellular mode and a local mode for service:
– Cellular mode, phone controlled by OS and partly by basestation
– Locals mode, used by Production and After Sales.
– Acting Dead mode
– Power Off mode
– Flash mode
Cellular Mode
In cellular mode phone performes all the tasks to place and release calls.
Also charging and communication between accessories and phone are
done during this mode by OS. Signaling and handover functions are supported by basestation.
Power off
In the power–off mode only CCONT is active. Power–off mode can be left
by pushing the PWR–key, connecting charger to the phone, real time
clock interrupt or intelligent battery interrupt.
Locals Mode
Locals mode is used for testing purposes by Product Development, Production and After Sales. The Cellular Software is stopped (no signalling
to base station), and the phone is controlled by MBUS/FBUS messages
by the controlling PC.
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System Module
Baseband Module
Block Diagram
TX/RX SIGNALS
COBBA
UI
COBBA SUPPLY
RF SUPPLIES
CCONT
BB SUPPLY
Technical Documentation
PA SUPPLY
32kHz
CLK
SLEEP CLOCK
SIM
13MHz
CLK
SYSTEM CLOCK
MAD
+
MEMORIES
IR
AUDIOLINES
BASEBAND
CHAPS
SYSCON
VBAT
BATTERY
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Power Distribution Diagram
Charger
Charge
control
UR4 engine
CCONT
System Module
VBAT
TX PA
RF
1800
VR1
VR2
VR3
VR4
VR5
VR6
VR7
VREF
Battery
VSIM
VBB
V5V
UI Module
Baseband
COBBA
analog
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System Module
Technical Documentation
External interfaces
Antenna
4
Battery
Pack
3
Charger
IBI
Connector NameCodeNotes
Bottom & IBI connector5469061Includes DC plug and microphone connec-
User Interface Module connector546002128 pins, spring contacts.
The system connector can be used as a flash prom programming interface for
flash memories for updating (i.e. re–programming) the flash program memory.
The phone has to be switched off, when the flash prommer is connected to the
phone system connector. The baseband is powered up as the supply voltage
is connected to the charger contacts, or by pressing the PWR button, or by an
IBI device..
The program execution starts from the BOOT ROM and the MCU investigates
in the early start–up sequence if the flash prommer is connected. This is done
by checking the status of the MBUS–line. Normally this line is high but when
the flash prommer is connected the line is forced low by the prommer. The
flash prommer serial data receive line is in receive mode waiting for an acknowledgement from the phone. The data transmit line from the baseband to
the prommer is initially high. When the baseband has recognized the flash
prommer, the TX–line is pulled low. This acknowledgement is used to start the
data transfer of the first two bytes from the flash prommer to the baseband on
the RX–line. The data transmission begins by starting the serial transmission
clock (MBUS–line) at the prommer.
The 5V programming voltage is supplied inside the transceiver from the battery
voltage with a switch mode regulator (5V/30mA) of the CCONT. The voltage is
fed via UI connector to avoid damage of the CCONT during production line
flasing ( 12V fed to FLASH Vpp from the production tester ).
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Technical Documentation
PinNameParameterMinTypMaxUnitRemark
1VINSupply
Voltage
11MBUSSerial clock
from the
Prommer
12FBUS_RXSerial data
from the
Prommer
13FBUS_TXData ac-
knowledge to
the Prommer
13GND GND00VSupply ground
6.87.88.8VSupply Voltage,Current li-
2.0
0
2.0
0
2.0
0
2.8
0.8
2.8
0.8
2.8
0.8
VPrommer detection and
VReceive Data from
VTransmit Data from Base-
System Module
mitted to 850 mA
Serial Clock for synchro-
nous communication
Prommer to Baseband
band to Prommer
Battery connector
The BSI contact on the battery connector is used to detect when the battery is to be removed to be able to shut down the operations of the SIM
card before the power is lost if the battery is removed with power on. The
BSI contact in the battery pack should be shorter than the supply power
contacts to give enough time for the SIM shut down.
A vibra alerting device is used for giving silent signal to the user of an incoming call. The device is not placed in the phone but it will be added to a
special battery pack. The vibra is controlled with a PWM signal by the
MAD via the BTEMP battery terminal.
SIM card connector
PinNameParameterMinTypMaxUnitNotes
1GND GND00VGround
2VSIM5V SIM Card
3V SIM Card
3DATA5V Vin/Vout
3V Vin/Vout
4SIMRST5V SIM Card
3V SIM Card
5SIMCLKFrequency
Trise/Tfall
4.8
2.8
4.0
0
2.8
0
4.0
2.8
1.6253.255.0
5.0
3.0
”1”
”0”
”1”
”0”
”1”
”1”
5.2
3.2
VSIM
0.5
VSIM
0.5
VSIM
VSIM
25
VSupply voltage
VSIM data
Trise/Tfall max 1us
VSIM reset
MHz
ns
SIM clock
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System Module
Infrared transceiver module
An infrared transceiver module is designed to substitute an electrical
cable between the phone and a PC. The infrared transceiver module is a
stand alone component capable to perform infrared transmitting and receiving functions by transforming signals transmitted in infrared light from
and to electrical data pulses running in two wire asyncronous databus. In
NSK–3 the module is placed inside the phone at the top of the phone.
The module is activated with an IRDASD signal by the MAD, which pulls
low the shut down pin of the module (standby current in shut down mode
is specified to 10uA maximum). The RX and TX signals are connected to
the MAD accessory interface AccIf via FBUS. The AccIf in MAD performs
pulse encoding and shaping for transmitted data and detection and decoding for received data pulses.
The data is transferred over the IR link using serial FBUS data at speeds
9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 57.6 or 115.2 kbits/s, which leads to maximum throughput
of 92.160 kbits/s. The used IR module complies with the IrDA SIR specification (Infra Red Data Association), which is based on the HP SIR (Hewlett–Packard‘s Serial Infra Red) consept.
Technical Documentation
the following figure gives an example of IR transmission pulses. In IR
transmission a light pulse correspondes to 0–bit and a ”dark pulse” correspondes to 1–bit.
constant pulse
IR TX
UART TX
startbitstopbit10100110
The FBUS cannot be used for external accessory communication, when
the infrared mode is selected. Infrared communication reserves the FBUS
completely.
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Technical Documentation
Real time clock
Requirements for a real time clock implementation are a basic clock
(hours and minutes), a calender and a timer with alarm and power on/off
–function and miscellaneous calls. The RTC will contain only the time
base and the alarm timer but all other functions (e.g. calendar) will be implemented with the MCU software. The RTC needs a power backup to
keep the clock running when the phone battery is disconnected. The
backup power is supplied from a rechargable polyacene battery that can
keep the clock running some ten minutes. If the backup has expired, the
RTC clock restarts after the main battery is connected. The CCONT
keeps MCU in reset until the 32kHz source is settled (1s max).
The CCONT is an ideal place for an integrated real time clock as the asic
already contains the power up/down functions and a sleep control with
the 32kHz sleep clock, which is running always when the phone battery is
connected. This sleep clock is used for a time source to a RTC block.
System Module
Signals between baseband and User Interface section
The User interface section is implemented on separate UI board, which
connects to the engine board with a board to board spring connector.
User Interface module connection
The User interface section comprises the keyboard with keyboard lights,
display module with display lights, an earphone and a buzzer.
Earphone
The internal earphone is connected to the UI board by means of mounting springs for automatic assembly. The low impedance, dynamic type
earphone is connected to a differential output in the COBBA audio codec.
The electrical specifications for the earphone output are shown in
NO TAG. The voltage level at each output is given as reference to
ground. Earphone levels are given to 32 ohm load.
Buzzer
Alerting tones and/or melodies as a signal of an incoming call are generated with a buzzer that is controlled with a PWM signal by the MAD. Also
keypress and user function response beeps are generated with the buzzer. The buzzer is a SMT device and is placed on the UI board.
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System Module
Power Distribution
In normal operation the baseband is powered from the phone‘s battery.
The battery consists of one Lithium–cell. There is also a possibility to use
batteries consisting of three Nickel– cells. An external charger can be
used for recharging the battery and supplying power to the phone. The
charger can be either so called fast charger, which can deliver supply current up to 850 mA or a standard charger that can deliver around 300 mA.
The baseband contains components that control power distribution to
whole phone excluding the power amplifier, which have a continuous
power rail direct from the battery. The battery feeds power directly to
three parts of the system: CCONT, power amplifier, and UI (buzzer and
display and keyboard lights).
The power management circuitry provides protection agains overvoltages, charger failures and pirate chargers etc. that would otherwise
cause damage to the phone. The circuitry is implemented in the beginning with discrete components, but it will be partly or fully integrated on
later phase.
Technical Documentation
PA SUPPLY
VCOBBA
COBBA
UI
VBAT
VBB
MAD
+
MEMORIES
BASEBAND
RF SUPPLIES
CCONT
PWRONX
CNTVR
VBB
PURX
V2V
CONNECTOR
POWER
MGMT
VIN
VSIM
VBAT
PWM
SIM
RTC
BACKUP
BATTERY
The heart of the power distrubution is the CCONT. It includes all the voltage regulators and feeds the power to the whole system. The whole
baseband is powered from the same regulator which provides 2.8V baseband supply VBB. The baseband regulator is active always when the
phone is powered on. The baseband regulator feeds MAD and memories,
COBBA digital parts and the LCD driver in the UI section. There is a separate regulator for a SIM card.
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Technical Documentation
The regulator is selectable between 3V and 5V and controlled by the
SIMPwr line from MAD to CCONT. SIM card regulator is also used for after sales flash programming. COBBA analog parts are powered from a
dedicated 2.8V supply VCOBBA by the CCONT. The CCONT supplies
also 5V for RF. The CCONT contains a real time clock function, which is
powered from a RTC backup when the main battery is disconnected. The
RTC backup is rechargable polyacene battery.
CCONT includes also six additional 2.8V regulators providing power to
the RF section. These regulators can be controlled either by the direct
control signals from MAD or by the RF regulator control register in
CCONT which MAD can update. Below are the listed the MAD control
lines and the regulators they are controlling.
– TxPwr controls VTX regulator (VR7)
– RxPwr controls and VRX regulators (VR2 and VR5)
– SynthPwr controls VSYN_A and VSYN_D regulators (VR4 and VR3)
– VCXOPwr controls VXO and VCOBBA regulators (VR1 and VR6)
System Module
CCONT generates also a 1.5 V reference voltage VREF to COBBA,
PLUSSA and CRFU. The VREF voltage is also used as a reference to
some of the CCONT A/D converters.
In additon to the above mentioned signals MAD includes also TXP control
signal which goes to PLUSSA power control block and to the power amplifier. The transmitter power control TXC is led from COBBA to PLUSSA.
RegulatorMax.currentUnitVoutUnitNotes
VR125mA2.8VVVCXO
VR225mA2.8VNOT USED
VR350mA2.8VVSYN_D
VR490mA2.8VVSYN_A
VR580mA2.8VVRX
VR6100mA2.8VCOBBA
VR7150mA2.8VVTX .Depends on exter
nal BJT
V2V50mA1.3 –
2.65
VMAD core voltage, in
225mV steps (1.975V
default)
VBB ON
VBB SLEEP
VSIM30mA3.0/
V5V30mA5.0Vfor RF
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125
1
mA
mA
2.8
2.8
5.0
Vcurrent limit 250mA
current limit 5mA
VVSIM output voltage
selectable,Used also for
flashing. (VPP)
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System Module
Power up
The baseband is powered up by:
Technical Documentation
1.Pressing the power key, that generates a PWRONX interrupt
signal from the power key to the CCONT, which starts the power up procedure.
2.Connecting a charger to the phone. The CCONT recognizes
the charger from the VCHAR voltage and starts the power up
procedure.
Before battery voltage voltage rises over 3.0 V Charging Logic
gives an initial charge (with limited current) to the battery. After
battery voltage reaches that voltage limit the power up procedure is as described in the previous chapters.
3.A RTC interrupt. If the real time clock is set to alarm and the
phone is switched off, the RTC generates an interrupt signal,
when the alarm is gone off. The RTC interrupt signal is connected to the PWRONX line to give a power on signal to the
CCONT just like the power key.
When the CCONT is activated, it swithes on the baseband supply voltage
and generates a power up reset signal PURX to the MAD. When the
PURX reset is released, the MAD releases the system reset ExtSysReset
and the internal MCUResetX signals and starts the boot program execution. If booting is succeeded program execution continues from flash program memory. When the phone is powered up with an empty battery pack
using the standard charger, the charger may not supply enough current
for standard powerup procedure and the powerup must be delayed.
Acting Dead
If the phone is off when the charger is connected, the phone is powered
on but enters a state called ”acting dead”. To the user the phone acts as if
it was switched off. A battery charging alert is given and/or a battery
charging indication on the display is shown to acknowledge the user that
the battery is being charged.
4.A battery interrupt. Intelligent battery packs have a possibility
to power up the phone. When the battery gives a short (10ms)
voltage pulse through the BTEMP pin, the CCONT wakes up
and starts the power on procedure.
Active Mode
In the active mode the phone is in normal operation, scanning for channels, listening to a base station, transmitting and processing information.
All the CCONT regulators are operating. There are several substates in
the active mode depending on if the phone is in burst reception, burst
transmission, if DSP is working etc..
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Technical Documentation
Sleep Mode
In the sleep mode all the regulators except the baseband VBB and the
SIM card VSIM regulators are off. Sleep mode is activated by the MAD
after MCU and DSP clocks have been switched off. The voltage regulators for the RF section are switched off and the VCXO power control,
VCXOPwr is set low. In this state only the 32 kHz sleep clock oscillator in
CCONT is running. The flash memory power down input is connected to
the VCXO power control, so that the flash is deep powered down during
sleep mode.
The sleep mode is exited either by the expiration of a sleep clock counter
in the CCONT or by some external interrupt, generated by a charger connection, key press, headset connection etc. The MAD starts the wake up
sequence and sets the VCXOPwr control high. After VCXO settling time
other regulators and clocks are enabled for active mode.
If the battery pack is disconnect during the sleep mode, the CCONT
should power down the SIM in the sleep mode as there is no time to wake
up the MCU.
System Module
Charging
The power management circuitry controls the charging current delivered
from the charger to the battery. Charging is controlled with a PWM input
signal, generated by the CCONT. The PWM pulse width is controlled by
the MAD and sent to the CCONT through a serial data bus. The battery
voltage rise is limited to a specified level by turning the switch off. Charging current is passed through protection ASIC CHAPS and monitored by
measuring the voltage drop across a 220mohm resistor.
2–wire charging
With 2–wire charging the charger provides constant output current, and
the charging is controlled by PWMOUT signal from CCONT to Charging
Logic. PWMOUT signal frequency is selected to be 1 Hz, and the charging switch in Charging Logic is pulsed on and off at this frequency. The
final charged energy to battery is controlled by adjusting the PWMOUT
signal pulse width.
Both the PWMOUT frequency selection and pulse width control are made
MCU which writes these values to CCONT.
3–wire charging
With 3–wire charging the charger provides adjustable output current, and
the charging is controlled by PWMOUT signal from CCONT to Charger,
with the bottom connector signal. PWMOUT signal frequency is selected
to be 32 Hz, and the charger output current is controlled by adjusting the
PWMOUT signal pulse width. The charger switch in Charging Logic is
constantly on in this case.
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System Module
Power Off
The baseband is powered down by:
The power down is controlled by the MAD. When the power key has been
pressed long enough or the battery voltage is dropped below the limit the
MCU initiates a power down procedure and disconnects the SIM power.
Then the MCU outputs a system reset signal and resets the DSP. If there
is no charger connected the MCU writes a short delay to CCONT watchdog and resets itself. After the set delay the CCONT watchdog expires,
which activates the PURX and all regulators are switched off and the
phone is powered down by the CCONT.
Technical Documentation
1.Pressing the power key, that is monitored by the MAD, which
starts the power down procedure.
2.If the battery voltage is dropped below the operation limit, either by not charging it or by removing the battery.
3.Letting the CCONT watchdog expire, which switches off all
CCONT regulators and the phone is powered down.
4.Setting the real time clock to power off the phone by a timer.
The RTC generates an interrupt signal, when the alarm is gone
off. The RTC interrupt signal is connected to the PWRONX line
to give a power off signal to the CCONT just like the power key.
If a charger is connected when the power key is pressed the phone enters into the acting dead mode.
Audio control
The audio control and processing is taken care by the COBBA, which
contains the audio and rf codecs, and the MAD, which contains the MCU,
ASIC and DSP blocks handling and processing the audio signals.
Microphone and Earphone
The baseband supports three microphone inputs and two earphone outputs. The inputs can be taken from an internal microphone, a headset microphone or from an external microphone signal source. The microphone
signals from different sources are connected to separate inputs at the
COBBA asic. Inputs for the microphone signals are differential type.
The output for the internal earphone is a dual ended type output capable
of driving a dynamic type speaker. The output for the external accessory
and the headset is single ended with a dedicated signal ground SGND.
Input and output signal source selection and gain control is performed inside the COBBA asic according to control messages from the MAD. Keypad tones, DTMF, and other audio tones are generated and encoded by
the MAD and transmitted to the COBBA for decoding.
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Speech processing
The speech coding functions are performed by the DSP in the MAD and
the coded speech blocks are transferred to the COBBA for digital to analog conversion, down link direction. In the up link direction the PCM coded
speech blocks are read from the COBBA by the DSP.
There are two separate interfaces between MAD and COBBA: a parallel
bus and a serial bus. The parallel bus has 12 data bits, 4 address bits,
read and write strobes and a data available strobe. The parallel interface
is used to transfer all the COBBA control information (both the RFI part
and the audio part) and the transmit and receive samples. The serial interface between MAD and COBBa includes transmit and receive data,
clock and frame synchronisation signals. It is used to transfer the PCM
samples. The frame synchronisation frequency is 8 kHz which indicates
the rate of the PCM samples and the clock frequency is 1 MHz. COBBA is
generating both clocks.
System Module
Alert Signal Generation
A buzzer is used for giving alerting tones and/or melodies as a signal of
an incoming call. Also keypress and user function response beeps are
generated with the buzzer. The buzzer is controlled with a BuzzerPWM
output signal from the MAD. A dynamic type of buzzer must be used
since the supply voltage available can not produce the required sound
pressure for a piezo type buzzer. The low impedance buzzer is connected
to an output transistor that gets drive current from the PWM output. The
alert volume can be adjusted either by changing the pulse width causing
the level to change or by changing the frequency to utilize the resonance
frequency range of the buzzer.
A vibra alerting device is used for giving silent signal to the user of an incoming call. The device is controlled with a VibraPWM output signal from
the MAD. The vibra alert can be adjusted either by changing the pulse
width or by changing the pulse frequency. The vibra device is not inside
the phone, but in a special vibra battery.
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System Module
Digital control
MAD
The baseband functions are controlled by the MAD asic, which consists of
a MCU, a system ASIC and a DSP. The DCS/PCN specific asic is named
as MAD2. There are separate controller asics in TDMA and JDC named
as MAD1 and MAD3. All the MAD asics contain the same core processors and similar building blocks, but differ from each other in system specific functions, pinout and package types.
MAD2 contains following building blocks:
– ARM RISC processor with both 16–bit instruction set (THUMB mode)
and 32–bit instruction set (ARM mode)
– TMS320C542 DSP core with peripherials:
Technical Documentation
– API (Arm Port Interface memory) for MCU–DSP commu-
tors (in DSP RAM) and DSP booting
– Serial port (connection to PCM)
– Timer
– DSP memory (80 kW RAM in PD version of MAD2)
– BUSC (BusController for controlling accesses from ARM to API, Sys-
tem Logic and MCU external memories, both 8– and 16–bit memories)
– System Logic
– CTSI (Clock, Timing, Sleep and Interrupt control)
– MCUIF (Interface to ARM via B
tROM
– DSPIF (Interface to DSP)
– MFI (Interface to COBBA AD/DA Converters)
– CODER (Block encoding/decoding and A51&A52 ciphering)
– AccIF(Accessory Interface)
– SCU (Synthesizer Control Unit for controlling 2 separate
synthesizer)
USC). Contains MCU Boo-
Page 3 – 24
– UIF (Keyboard interface, serial control interface for COBBA
PCM Codec, LCD Driver and CCONT)
– SIMI (SimCard interface with enhanched features)
– PUP (Parallel IO, USART and PWM control unit for vibra
and buzzer)
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Technical Documentation
The MAD operates from a 13 MHz system clock, which is generated from
the 13Mhz VCXO frequency. The MAD supplies a 6,5MHz or a 13MHz
internal clock for the MCU and system logic blocks and a 13MHz clock for
the DSP, where it is multiplied to 52 MHz DSP clock. The system clock
can be stopped for a system sleep mode by disabling the VCXO supply
power from the CCONT regulator output. The CCONT provides a 32kHz
sleep clock for internal use and to the MAD, which is used for the sleep
mode timing. The sleep clock is active when there is a battery voltage
available i.e. always when the battery is connected.
Memories
The MCU program code resides in an external program memory. MCU
work (data) memory size is either 512kbits or 1Mbits. A serial EEPROM
is used for storing the system and tuning parameters, user settings and
selections, a scratch pad and a short code memory. The EEPROM size
is 64kbits. The memory variation is managed using memory components
with the same packages and pinouts for all memory sizes of the given
types. The system parameters contain information of the used memories
in that end product. The selected memory packages are TSOP48 for
ROM, STSOP32 for RAM and SO8S for EEPROM .
System Module
The used flash memories are capable to perform erase and write operations with the supplied 5V ( 3V ) programming voltage.
The BusController (BUSC) section in the MAD decodes the chip select
signals for the external memory devices and the system logic. BUSC controls internal and external bus drivers and multiplexers connected to the
MCU data bus. The MCU address space is divided into access areas with
separate chip select signals. BUSC supports a programmable number of
wait states for each memory range.
Program Memory
The MCU program code resides in the program memory. The program
memory size is 8Mbits (512kx16) The default package is TSOP48.
The power down pin of FLASH is utilized in the system sleep mode by
connecting the VCXOPwr to the flash power down pin to minimize the
flash power consumption during the sleep.
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System Module
SRAM Memory
The work memory size can vary depending on the product variation similarily to the program memory. The work memory is a static ram of size
512kbits (64kx8) or 1Mbits (128kx8). The work memory is supplied from
the common baseband VBB voltage and the memory contents are lost
when the baseband voltage is switched off. All retainable data should be
stored into the EEPROM when the phone is powered down.
EEPROM Memory
An EEPROM is used for a nonvolatile data memory to store the tuning
parameters and phone setup information. The short code memory for
storing user defined information is also implemented in the EEPROM.
The EEPROM size is 8kbytes .The memory is accessed through a serial
bus and the default package is SO8S.
MCU Memory Map
Technical Documentation
MAD supports maximum of 4GB internal and 4MB external address
space. External memories use address lines MCUAd0 to MCUAd21 and
8–bit/16–bit databus. The BUSC bus controller supports 8– and 16–bit
access for byte, double byte, word and double word data. Access wait
states (0, 1 or 2) and used databus width can be selected separately for
each memory block.
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Technical Documentation
Baseband EMC Strategy
The baseband EMC strategy is divided into electrical and mechanical
items. As electrical guide lines, clocks and high speed signals should be
routed in inner layers and away from the PCB edges. Clock signals distributed to other circuits should have series resistors incorporated to reduce rise times and reflections. Slew rate controlled buffers should be
used on custom components wherever possible to reduce the EMC produced by the circuit. Separate power supplies for digital, analog and rf–
blocks should be used as much as possible. Baseband and RF supply
power rails should be isolated from each other by means of inductors in
the power supply rail to prevent high frequency components produced on
the baseband power supply rail to spread out over the RF power supply
plane. This might be required to avoid interference from digital circuits to
affect the performance of RF section.
All external connectors and connection must be filtered using RC or LC
networks to prevent the high frequency components from entering connection cables that then will act as antennas. The amount of this type of
EMC component is in straight relation to the amount of external connections. The type of network and amount of components to be used is determined by the AC and DC impedance characteristic of that particular
signal. Low impedance signals requires LC network while medium impedance level signals, input signals at moderate band width can use RC networks.
System Module
The EMC protection should also prevent external or internal signals to
cause interference to baseband and in particular to audio signals. Internal
interference is generated by the transmitter TDMA frequency and the
switchmode charging. The transmitter TDMA frequency interference is
likely to cause noise to both microphone and earphone signals. The
transmitter RF interference is likely to cause more problems in the microphone circuitry than in the earphone circuitry since the earpiece is a low
impedance dynamic type.
As mechanical guide lines, the baseband and RF sections should be isolated from each other using EMC shielding, which suppresses radiated
interferences. The transmitter TDMA frequency can also generate mechanical vibrations that can be picked up by the microphone if it is not
properly isolated from the chassis using rubber or some other soft material. A spring connected microphone is used to prevent microphone interference problems. Connection wires to internal microphone and earphone
should be as short as possible to reduce the interference caused by internal signals.
ESD protection has to be implemented on each external connection that
is accessable during normal operation of the phone.
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System Module
RF Module
RF Frequency Plan
RX
1805.2–1879.8
LO–
buffers
1st IF 487
2nd LO 400
UHF
VCO
RX=1318.2–1392.8
TX=1310.2–1384.8
2nd IF 87
3rd LO 100
Technical Documentation
f
f
f/2f/4
UHF
PLL
VHF
PLL
3rd IF 13
VHF
VCO
800
13 MHz
VCXO
TX
1710.2–1784.8
IF 400
CRFU2A
Note:1 All frequencies are in MHz
2 Underlined frequencies are DCS1800
3 Bold frequencies are DCS1900
4 Other frequencies are common to both systems
DC Characteristics
Power Distribution Diagram
Current consumption of each regulator is shown in the following power
distribution diagram (Figure 2 shows maximum currents, Figure 3 shows
typical currents). On the left side of the figure, are the regulator control
signals. Above each regulator is the rated current for that regulator. The
name on the right side of the regulator block (smaller font) indicates the
signal name used on the schematics. On the far right side of the figure
are the pin names (power) for the different ICs.
MOD.
PLUSSA
I and Q
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Technical Documentation
Power Distribution – Maximum Currents
VCXOEN
RXPWR
SYNPWR
1mA
VR1VCTCXO
VVCXO
2mA
36.6mA
VR5
VRX
4mA
13mA
29mA
10.2mA
VSYN_D
11mA
VR3
2mA
VCTCXO buffer
Receiver
LNA
RX mixer UHF
VHF buffer + mix2
VHF predivider
UHF predivider
Dividers
System Module
PLUSSA (VRX)
CRFU2a (V_RX)
CRFU2a (V_VHF)
PLUSSA (VP1)
PLUSSA (VP2)
PLUSSA (VDD)
TXPWR
VR4
VR2
V5V
150 mA
VR7
External
transistor
VSYN_A
VDET
V5V
VTX
25mA
7mA
14mA
1.6mA
0.6mA
0.6mA
70mA
37.5mA
2.65mA
15mA
70mA
UHF VCO + buffer
VHF VCO
UHF buffer RX+TX
detector/temp
charge pump
charge pump
PLUSSA (VCE1)
PLUSSA (VCE2)
TX upconverter
Transmitter
Pwrcntrl opamp
TX buffer
PA gain control
CRFU2a (V_UHF)
CRFU2a (V_TX)
PLUSSA (VTX)
PLUSSA (VOP)
VBAT
1.32A
batteryTX PA
TXP
NOTE: Currents are only estimates at this time
Original 05/98
PA 45%
max. output
(32.5dBm)
Vbat=3.0V
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System Module
Power Distribution – Typical Currents
VCXOEN
RXPWR
SYNPWR
0.7mA
VR1VCTCXO
VVCXO
1.0mA
31mA
VR5
VRX
3.3mA
13mA
18mA
7mA
VSYN_D
7mA
VR3
1.5mA
VCTCXO buffer
RX mixer UHF
VHF buffer + mix2
VHF predivider
UHF predivider
Receiver
LNA
Dividers
Technical Documentation
PLUSSA (VRX)
CRFU2a (V_RX)
CRFU2a (V_VHF)
PLUSSA (VP1)
PLUSSA (VP2)
PLUSSA (VDD)
TXPWR
VR4
VR4
V5V
150 mA
VR7
External
transistor
VSYN_A
VDET
V5V
VTX
20mA
7.6mA
9.1mA
0.8mA
0.5mA
0.5mA
49mA
32mA
2.4mA
14mA
UHF VCO + buffer
VHF VCO
UHF buffer RX+TX
detector/temp
charge pump
charge pump
TX upconverter
Transmitter
Pwrcntrl opamp
TX buffer
CRFU2a (V_UHF)
PLUSSA (VCE1)
PLUSSA (VCE2)
CRFU2a (V_TX)
PLUSSA (VTX)
PLUSSA (VOP)
TXP
Page 3 – 30
70mA
PA gain control
VBAT
1.1 A
batteryTX PA
PA 45%
max. output
(32.5dBm)
Vbat=3.6V
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Technical Documentation
Functional Description
The following description of the RF is valid for both GSM 1800 and GSM
1900, the only differences between the two systems are:
1. antenna
2. duplexer (Z401)
3. RX and TX interstage filters (Z604 and Z503/Z505)
4. UHF VCO modules (G701)
5. matching networks (discrete components)
6. PA (N500)
Even though different components are used in the two engines, the footprints of the different components are the same. As can been seen from
the RF block diagram, most of the functions have been integrated into
three ASICs.
CRFU2a (N402) is a wideband UHF ASIC with both receiver and transmitter functions. The receiver functions include LNA bias and two downconversion mixers (Gilbert cell) with LO buffers. The LNA transistor is external to CRFU2a. The transmitter functions include an upconversion
mixer (image rejection) with LO buffer. All inputs/outputs are wideband
and require external matching networks for optimal performance.
System Module
PLUSSA (N401) provides two main functions:
1. RX/TX blocks
2. PLL
The receiver includes a Receive Controlled Gain Amplifier, a mixer with
LO buffers and IF amplifiers. The transmitter section includes a Transmit
Controlled Gain Amplifier, an I/Q Modulator, circuitry required to generate
the Quadrature Local Oscillator and Transmit Power Control which controls the MMIC PA (N500) output power. The PLL section is control via a
serial bus and contains both UHF and VHF PLL and predividers.
The MMIC PA (N500) uses gallium–arsenide heterojunction bipolar transistor (GaAs HBT) technology. The PA has an overall dynamic range of 45dB,
and is capable of producing 32.5dBm output power with +3dBm input.
Interfacing with the above ASICs is four more ASICs. These include:
1. CCONT (N100)– is a multifunction power management IC. This
ASIC contains six 2.8V linear regulators used in the RF section as well as
two 2.8V regulators used in the BB section. CCONT also contains a
switch mode supply power which generates +5V which is used to power
the charge pumps in PLUSSA. Some of the features of this IC are a nine
channel A/D converter, power up/down procedures, reset logic, charging
control, watchdog, sleep control and SIM interface.
world of the BB processing and the analog world of RF and audio circuitry.
Original 05/98
2. COBBA_GJ (N300)– is an interface between the digital
3. MAD2 (D200) – contains system logic and DSP
4. CHAPS (N110) – charging control ASIC
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System Module
Receiver
The receiver is a triple conversion receiver consisting of two ASICs;
CRFU2a (N402) and PLUSSA (N401). CRFU2a contains LNA bias circuitry with an external transistor which provides step gain depending on the
incoming RF level and the first and second mixers. PLUSSA contains the
third mixer. All filtering is external.
The received RF signal from the antenna is fed via the duplex filter (3
pole bandpass filter; Z401) to the LNA. Biasing and the AGC step circuitry are integrated into CRFU2a but the RF transistor, input and output
matching networks are external. The LNA gain step is controlled by
MAD2 (FRAC, D200). Gain step in LNA is activated when the receive RF
level is below –48 dBm. Following the LNA, the signal is fed to a 3 pole
ceramic bandpass filter (Z604). The combination of the duplex filter and
the bandpass filter define, the blocking characteristics of the receiver.
The bandpass filtered signal is fed back to CRFU2a, where the signal is
down converted with a double balanced active mixer (Gilbert cell) to 487
MHz. The local oscillator signal for this down conversion is generated by
the UHF VCO (G701) and buffered in CRFU2a. The first IF signal is
bandpass filtered with an discrete LC filter (L601, L602, L603, C605,
C606, C607 and C608), which also acts as a matching network. This filter attenuates the intermodulating and image frequencies. The second
down conversion (occurs in CRFU2a) results in a balanced IF of 87 MHz
which is filtered using an 87 MHz SAW filter (Z605). This filter provides
selectivity for channels greater than +/– 200 kHz, and attenuates the
image frequency of the third mixer and intermodulating signals. The local
oscillator signal for this down conversion is 400 MHz which is generated
by the 800 MHz VHF VCO module (G702). The VHF VCO signal is buffered and divided in PLUSSA and the 400 MHz resulting signal is again
buffered in CFRU2a before the mixer.
Technical Documentation
After the 87 MHz filter, the signal is fed into the AGC amplifier which has
been integrated into PLUSSA. The AGC amplifier contains analog gain
control which provides accurate gain control (minimum 60 dB) for the receiver. Control voltage for the AGC is generated by the D/A–converter in
COBBA_GJ (N300). The final mixing stage occurs in PLUSSA with a local oscillator signal of 100 MHz generated by dividing the VHF–synthesizer output (800 MHz) by eight.
The third (final) IF filter (Z606) is a ceramic bandpass filter with a centre
frequency of 13 MHz. This filter attenuates adjacent channels with very
little attenuation for +/– 200 kHz. The +/– 200 kHz interferers are filtered
digitally by DSP. The 13 MHz bandpass signal is converted to a balanced
signal with a buffer circuit in PLUSSA. This buffer circuit has a voltage
gain of 36 dB. This balanced signal is then fed to COBBA_GJ. The PGA
stage in COBBA_GJ has a gain setting of either 0 dB or 9.5 dB which is
controlled via the COBBA_GJ control bus. For HD950 the PGA gain will
be set to 0dB.
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Technical Documentation
Transmitter
Transmitter chain consists of IQ–modulator, upconversion mixer, TX filter,
TX buffer and a poweramplifier.
The differential I and Q signals are generated by COBBA_GJ and are filtered by an external RC network (R501, R504, R505, R506, R514, R517,
C525 and C526, fc=200kHz) before being fed into the IQ modulator in
PLUSSA (N401). The modulator generates a TX IF of 400 MHz which is
derived from the VHF synthesizer output (divide by two). Inside PLUSSA
the 400 MHz is amplified and then fed to an external filter before being
upconverted in CRFU2a. The upconverter in CRFU2a is a double balanced image rejection mixer. The local oscillator signal for the upconversion is generated by the UHF synthesizer. Following CRFU2a is a 3 pole
ceramic bandpass filter (Z503) which attenuates the image frequency, LO
leakage and wideband noise. After the bandpass filter is a buffer with
12dB gain, then a TX SAW filter to further suppress spurious from the upconverter.
System Module
After filtering, the signal goes to the final amplifier, which is a MMIC PA
(N500) with an input impedance of 50 ohms. The MMIC contains three
amplifier stages with interstage matching. The first amplifier stage is variable and is control by the TX power control circuity. An external driver is
required to supply the necessary current to the TX power control circuitry.
The PA has over 45 dB power gain and is capable of producing an output
of 32.5 dBm with an input of +3 dBm. Harmonics generated by the nonlinear PA (class AB) are attenuated with the output external matching network and the lowpass/bandstop filtering in the duplexer (Z401).
Power control circuitry consists of a power detector, an error amplifier in
PLUSSA and the A/D converter in CCONT (N100). The directional coupler is situated between the duplex filter and the external RF connector.
With this configuration, variations in the IL of the duplexer are compensated by the control loop. The power detector is a combination of a directional coupler and a diode rectifier. The directional coupler converts the
forward going power with a certain ratio into a signal which is rectified by
a schottky diode and a filter to create a DC voltage. This DC voltage is
fed to
1. A/D converter in CCONT which holds a sample of the detector output (no RF signal); then MCU/DSP sets the TXC voltage accordingly for the following burst.
2. The error amplifier in PLUSSA
The error amplifier in PLUSSA compares the detected voltage and the
TXC voltage, which is generated by a D/A converter in COBBA_GJ. This
creates a closed control loop and since the gain control characteristics of
the PA are linear in the absolute scale, the output burst of the PA tracks
the TXC voltage linearity.
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System Module
Power Detection Circuit
The power detector gives an indication of output RF power by rectifying
the RF voltage to a DC voltage. Ideally the output voltage of this peak
envelope detector is the peak value of the RF voltage but in real world the
output voltage is somewhat smaller depending on the quality of the detector diode.
A bias current is driven through the detector diode, which causes an additional voltage component to the output of the detector. The output voltage is then a sum of the rectified voltage and the bias voltage. This bias
voltage is a function of biasing resistors, supply voltage and the voltage
knee of the diode. At small RF power levels the rectified voltage can be
only a few millivolts/dB which means that all other voltage components
should remain very stable to achieve a reliable indication of the output
power. However the variation of the knee voltage of the diode alone
causes more than 100 mV variation in the output voltage over the specified temperature range. Furthermore the temperature variation varies the
rectifying sensitivity of the detector diode but this effect is less significant.
With a simple passive bias network, the bias current of the diode will also
change with temperature and this effect can be used to partially cancel
the variation of the sensitivity.
Technical Documentation
In order to avoid the bias voltage variation ruining the accuracy of the
power control loop, the bias voltage of the detector has to be monitored
and included in the power control voltage (TXC) which determines the
output power. The detector bias voltage monitoring is accomplished by
periodically measuring the output voltage of the detector at a moment
when no RF power is being transmitted. This measured voltage is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter where it is used by DSP as
part of the control voltage. Ideally the control voltage is formed as a sum
of exactly the same components as the output voltage of the detector, the
rectified voltage and the bias voltage. The rectified voltage component
sets the output power and should obey the peak envelope sensitivity
curve of the detector diode offset with the coupling factor of the directional
coupler. The bias voltage is measured and updated in the control voltage
often enough so that no remarkable temperature drift has time to occur.
The bias voltage must be measured before the first burst of the transmission period. The detector diode is located close to the receiver so that
the bias voltage measurement can also be used to indicate the receiver
temperature as well if needed (RSSI correction).
The third voltage component affecting the operation of the power control
loop in addition to the rectified RF and bias voltages is the offset voltage
of the error amplifier. An operational amplifier is integrated in PLUSSA
and is used as the error amplifier. The input offset voltage should remain
relatively stable with temperature but the variation from device to device
can be several tens of millivolts. Therefore the offset voltage must to be
taken into account when tuning the power control loop in operation. This
means adding or subtracting an offset correction to the power control volt-
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Technical Documentation
age. A fixed correction will probably suffice although the input offset voltage is actually dependent on the common mode input voltage of the loop
amplifier. The value of the offset correction should then be defined at a
low power control voltage where the error due to the offset voltage is the
most significant.
The power control voltage has the following formula:
U
txc
whereU
txc
Urf = RF output level setting voltage
k = constant
U
bias
U
offset
The RF output level setting Urf has values approximately from 20mV to
2V according to the applied power level. The voltages at each power level
can be predetermined if the variation between the individual detector
diodes is not too large. If the peak envelope sensitivity of the detector varies considerably with temperature a temperature dependant correction
must to be added to the value of U
obtained from the detector output bias voltage measurement.
System Module
= Urf + k * U
bias
+ U
offset
,
= power control voltage
= bias voltage at the output of the detector
= correction voltage due to loop amplifier input offset.
. An indication of temperature can be
rf
The constant coefficient k is needed to compensate the voltage division
from the output of the COBBA D/A converter to the input of the loop amplifier. This is due to output/input resistances of the devices. A proper
selection of k also reduces the error due to detector peak envelope sensitivity variation with temperature. The value of k is likely to be slightly
above 1.
The bias voltage U
at the output of the detector is measured with an
bias
A/D converter which is sampled so that no transmitter output RF signal is
present during the measurement. A settling time of about 1ms should be
allowed before the sampling is done after a transmitted burst. The values
of the U
range approximately from 50mV to 200mV.
bias
The loop amplifier input offset correction voltage ranges from –70mV to
70mV. The actual value will be measured for each RF module in production tuning. As this is likely to be a fixed correction it can be included in
the stored values of U
which saves the arithmetics needed to calculate
rf
the power control voltage.
If needed, temperature indication can be derived from the value of U
A reference voltage U
tempref
ture scale. The reference voltage is the value of U
however is needed to calibrate the tempera-
measured at a
bias
bias
.
known temperature during production tuning. The accuracy requirement
for the temperature measurement won’t be particularly high so that the
calibration shouldn’t call for any special arrangements deviating from the
RF tuning procedure. U
tempref
shall be stored in the phone.
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System Module
RF_OUT
Technical Documentation
A frequency correction is possibly needed in U
. This is due to duplex fil-
rf
ter attenuation at higher end of the transmitter band and possible frequency slope of the directional coupler coupling factor.
To correct for the first TX slot (after phone is powered up), the bias voltage will be measured by MCU during the IDLE MODE and the TXC value
corrected by DSP. Otherwise, the bias voltage will be measured during
the IDLE FRAME, with the TXC valued updated in the next multi–frame.
This means a worst case delay of approximatley 120msec.
PADIR.COUPLER
RF_IN
K
cp
R1
K
PA
K
= –R1/R2
DETECTORERROR
DOMINATING
POLE
K
det
R2
AMPLIFIER
CCONT
ADC
MCU
DSP
TXC
COBBA
DAC
Page 3 – 36
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Frequency Synthesizers
A 13 MHz VCTCXO module is used as a stable reference for both the RF and
BB circuitry. Temperature variations in the VCTCXO module are controlled
by an AFC voltage which is generated by a 11 bit D/A converter in COBBA_GJ. The output of the VCTCXO module feeds both the UHF PLL and
the VHF PLL (both of which are located in PLUSSA) and the BB circuitry for
A/D conversion. The BB uses this information for frequency compensation
algorithms.
The UHF synthesizers contains a 64/65 dual modulus prescaler, a ”N” and
”A” divider, a reference divide, a phase detector, a charge pump, a modular
VCO, a buffer circuit and a lowpass filter. The UHF and VHF PLL are controlled with three serial busses; a data bus (SDATA), a serial clock bus
(SCLK) and a latch enable (SLE). The UHF LO signal is generated by the
UHF VCO module which has a tunable frequency range from 1310 MHz to
1393 MHz for the DCS1800 engine and 1443 MHz to 1510 MHz for the
DCS1900 engine. A sample of the LO signal is fed to the 64/65 prescaler.
The signal is then fed to the programmable dividers (N and A) which are programmed via the serial bus. This output then becomes one of the inputs to
the phase detector. The other input to the phase detector is a multiple of the
13MHz VCTCXO (reference frequency is 200 kHz). Output of the phase detector is connected to the charge pump, which charges or discharges the integrator capacitor in the loop filter depending on the phase of the measured
frequency compared to reference frequency. The loop filter attenuates the
pulses and generates a DC voltage which controls the frequency of UHF
VCO. This loop filter defines the step response of the PLL (settling time), affects the stability of the loop and is used for sideband rejection. A buffer circuit is required to ensure that the impedance changes in CRFU2a and PLUSSA do not kick the VCO off frequency
System Module
The VHF synthesizers contains a 16/17 dual modulus prescaler, a ”N” and
”A” divider, a reference divide, a phase detector, a charge pump, a modular
VCO and a lowpass filter. The frequency of the VHF VCO is 800 MHz which
is frequency divided to 400 MHz and 100 MHz. Operation of the VHF PLL is
similar to that of the UHF PLL. The VHF PLL using the 400 MHz signal as its
input frequency. The reference frequency in the VHF synthesizer is 1 MHz.
Original 05/98
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System Module
R
f
ref
f_out /
M
PHASE
DET.
CHARGE
PUMP
Kd
Technical Documentation
freq.
reference
LP
f_out
VCO
Kvco
M
AGC
M = A(P+1) + (N–A)P=
= NP+A
The purpose of the AGC–amplifier is to maintain a constant output level
from the receiver. To accomplish this, pre–monitoring is used. This pre–
monitoring is done in three phases and this determines the settling times
for the RX AGC. The receiver is switched on approximately 150 s before
the burst begins, DSP measures the receive signal level and adjusts the
TXC–DAC (which controls Receive Controlled Gain Amplifier) or it switches
on/off the LNA with the FRAC control line. The Receive Controlled Gain
Amplifier has 60 dB of continuos gain control (40 dB to –20 dB) while the
gain in the LNA is a digital step and is either 15 dB or –16 dB.
The requirement for receive signal level (RSSI) under static conditions is
that the MS shall measure and report to the BS over the range –48 dBm
to –110 dBm. For RF levels above –48 dBm, the MS must report to BS
the same reading, so above this level the AGC is not required. Because
of the RSSI requirements, the gain step in LNA is ”ON” ( FRAC = ”0”) for
receive levels below –45 dBm. This leaves the AGC in PLUSSA to adjust
the gain to desired value (50mVp–p). This is accomplished in DSP by
measuring the receive IQ level after the selectivity filtering (IF–filters,
Σ∆±converter and FIR–filter in DSP). This results in an AGC dynamic
range of 50 dB with the remaining 7 dB for gain variations in RX–chain
(for calibration). For RF levels below –95 dBm, the output level of the receiver drops dB by dB with a level of 9 mVp–p @–110 dBm for DCS1800
and 7.1 mVp–p @ –110 dBm for DCS1900.
This strategy is chosen because it is necessary to roll off the AGC in
PLUSSA early so that the signal is not saturated in selectivity tests but
cannot roll off too early as this will sacrifice the signal to noise ratio thus
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requiring a larger AGC dynamic range. The 50 mVp–p target level is set,
because the RX–DAC in COBBA_GJ will saturate at 1.4 Vp–p. This results in over 28 dB of headroom which is required for the +/– 200 kHz
faded adjacent channel (approximately 19 dB) and extra 9 dB for pre–
monitoring.
AFC
The AFC is used to lock the MS clock to the frequency of the BS. An
AFC voltage is generated in COBBA_GJ with an 11 bit ADC. This voltage
then controls the center frequency of the 13 MHz VCTCXO module.
Software Compensations
Power Levels (TXC) vs. Channel
Power levels are calibrated on one channel in production. Values for
channels between these tuned channels are calculated using linear interpolation.
System Module
Modulator Output Level
For optimum linearity and efficiency the output level of the modulator is
adjusted in the production.
Power Levels vs temperature
In order to avoid the bias voltage variation of the detector diode ruining
the accuracy of the power control loop, the bias voltage of the detector is
measured when no RF power is transmitted. This voltage (DETLVL) is
fed to the A/D converter in CCONT where DSP uses this value to correct
the TXC voltage.
RSSI
Signal strength RSSI vs. input signal is calibrated in production, but RSSI
vs. channel is compensated by software. If DETLVL (A/D) is used as a
temperature sensor to correct for RX variations over temperature, the
diode characteristics are 1.2mV/C.
TX power range
If COBBA_gj does not meet specifications, it will be necessary to divide
the power levels into two ranges. One range will be between power level
0 to 10 (lets call this the HI range) with the other range between 11 and
15 (lets call this the LO range) . NOTE: at this time the exact range is unknown. One of MAD2 DSPGenOut pins will be used.
Original 05/98
Page 3 – 39
NSK–3
PAMS
System Module
Technical Documentation
RF Block Specifications
DCS1800 Receive Interstage Filter
ParameterMin.Typ.Max.Unit / notes
Passband 1805 – 1880MHz
Insertion loss in passband2.8dB
Maximum Input Power1.0W
First Mixer (UHF) in CRFU2a
ParameterMinimumTypical /
Nominal
Input RF frequency1805–1990MHz
Output IF frequency487MHz
MaximumUnit / Notes
Power gain
see Note 1
Power gain
see Note 1
NF, SSB11dB
IIP3–2dBm
Input compression (1dB)–10dBm
1/2 IF spurioustbddBm
LO–power in RF–input–25dBm
RF–IF isolation20dB
5.07.5dB / PCN
LO = 1318–1393
MHz
5.57.5dB / DCS
LO = 1443–1503
MHz
Page 3 – 40
Original 05/98
PAMS
NSK–3
Technical Documentation
System Module
First IF Filter
ParameterMinimumTypical /
Nominal
Center frequency487MHz
Input/Output impedancefilter part of matching networkW
Passband 1710 – 1785MHz
Insertion loss in passband3.04.2dB
DCS1800 TX Ceramic Filter
ParameterMin.Typ.Max.Unit / notes
Passband 1710 – 1785MHz
Insertion loss in passband3.7dB
Power Amplifier MMIC
ParameterSymbolTest conditionMinTypMaxUnit
Operating freq. rangeDCS1800 Application circuit17101785MHz
Operating freq. rangeDCS1900 Application circuit18501910MHz
Supply voltageVcc3.03.55.0V
Gain control range
( overall dynamic
range)
Vpc= 0.5 ... 2.2 V45dB
VHF VCO and Lowpass Filter
ParameterMinimumTypical /
Nominal
Control voltage0.54.0V
Operation frequency800MHz
Output level150mVpp
Output impedance50W
MaximumUnit / Notes
Original 05/98
Page 3 – 41
NSK–3
PAMS
System Module
Technical Documentation
UHF PLL
ParameterMinimumTypical /
Nominal
Input frequency range
ADDBIAS off
Input frequency range
ADDBIAS on
Input signal level
(f<1300MHz)
Input signal level
(f>1300MHz)
ADDBIAS must be on
Reference input frequency13MHz
6501300MHz
6501700MHz
200mVpp
300mVpp
MaximumUnit / Notes
DCS1800 UHF VCO module
ParameterConditionsRatingUnit/
Supply voltage, Vcc2.8 +/– 0.1V
Control voltage, VcVcc = 2.8 V0.8... 3.7V
Oscillation frequencyVcc = 2.8 V
Vc = 0.8 V
Vc = 3.7 V
Tuning voltage in center frequencyf = 1351.5 MHz2.25 +/– 0.25V
Tuning voltage sensitivity in operating
frequency range on each spot freq.
Output power levelVcc=2.7 V
Vcc = 2.8 V
f=1310...1395
MHz
f=1310...1393
MHz
< 1310
> 1393
40 +/– 5MHz/V
–4.0 min.dBm
UHF LO signal into CRFU_2a
ParameterMinimumTypical /
Nominal
Input frequency range PCN13101395MHz
MaximumUnit / Notes
Notes
MHz
MHz
Input frequency range DCS14431510MHz
Input level
UHFLO_IN_P
Input level
UHFLO_IN_M
Page 3 – 42
–13
(140W)
–3
(261W)
N/AThis input is shorted
(measured input re-
sistance)
to ground with a cap
Original 05/98
dBm
PAMS
,
NSK–3
Technical Documentation
System Module
Connections
RF connector and antenna switch
ParameterMin.Typ.Max.Unit/Notes
Operating frequency range17101990MHz
Nominal impedance50W
Insertion loss COM to INT0.3dB
Insertion loss COM to EXT0.4dB
Return loss, at COM port15dB
Power rating2W, 100% duty cycle
Contact resistance25mW
Insulation resistance
(250VDC)
1000MW
RF–Baseband signals
Signal
name
VBATBatteryRFVoltage3.03.65.0VSupply
VCXOENMAD2CCONT
SYNPWRMAD2CCONT
FromToParameterMini-
mum
Logic high ”1”2.0VBATVVR1,
Logic low ”0”0.5VVR1,
Input resistance50100200kW
Input capacitance10pF
Logic high ”1”2.0VBATV
Logic low ”0”0.5V
Typi-
cal
Maxi-
mum
UnitFunc-
tion
voltage
for RF
VRBB
in
CCON
T ’ON’
VRBB
in
CCON
T
’OFF’
VR3,
VR4,
V5,
VR2 in
CCON
T ’ON’
Input resistance50100200kW
Input capacitance10pF
Logic high ”1”2.0V
Logic low ”0”00.8V
Logic high ”1”2.0V
Logic low ”0”00.8V
Logic high ”1”2.0V
Logic low ”0”00.8V
Output voltage
swing
Sampling rate12kHz
Minimum output
voltage
Maximum output
voltage
Frequency13MHz
Signal amplitude0.51.02.0Vpp
Minimum
01.152.346V
2.2542.32.346V
Typi-
cal
00.046V
mum
UnitMaxi-
Func-
tion
PLL
Syn-
-
er data
Syn-
thesizer
clock
Automatic
fre-
control
signal
or
VCXO
Stable
clock
signal
for the
logic
circuits
( clock
slicer )
RXP/RXNPLUSSACOBBAOutput level0.051.4VppDiffer-
ential
RX 13
MHz
signal
to
baseband
TXIP/
TXIN
COBBAPLUSSA
Number of bits8bits
Differential voltage
swing (static)
1.0221.11.18Vpp
Differential
in–
phase
TX
band
signal
for the
RF
modulator
-
Original 05/98
Page 3 – 45
NSK–3
power
ower
PAMS
System Module
name
TXQP/
TXQN
TXPMAD2PLUSSA
TXCCOBBAPLUSSA
COBBAPLUSSASame as TXIP/TXINDiffer-
Technical Documentation
ParameterToFromSignal
Logic high ”1”2.0V
Logic low ”0”0.8V
Number of bits 10bits
DNL0.9LSB
INL4LSB
Minimum
Typi-
cal
mum
UnitMaxi-
Func-
tion
ential
quadrature
phase
TX
baseband
signal
for the
RF
modulator
Transmitter
p
control
enable
Transmitter
power
control
Output voltage
swing
Minimum code output level
Maximum code output level
2.092.15 2.21V
0.120.150.18V
2.272.32.33V
Page 3 – 46
Original 05/98
PAMS
ga
gain
NSK–3
Technical Documentation
name
AGCCOBBAPLUSSA
DETLVLDetectorCCONT
pin 61
VCXO-
TEMP
BASE_TUNEDetectorCCONT
pin 1
RSSI
System Module
ParameterToFromSignal
Number of bits 10bits
DNL0.9LSB
INL4LSB
Output voltage
swing
Minimum code out-
put level
Maximum code out-
put level
Input voltage0.11.478VRSSI
Input voltage0.11.478VSam-
Minimum
2.092.15 2.21V
0.120.150.18V
2.272.32.33V
Typi-
cal
mum
UnitMaxi-
Func-
tion
Receiver
in
control
correction
ple of
detector output;
DSP
corrects
TXC.
TXC and AGC signals originate from the same DAC, controlled in COBBA
Original 05/98
Page 3 – 47
NSK–3
PAMS
System Module
Data Interface and Timing
PLUSSA is programmed via the serial bus SLE, SDAT and SCLK. The
data of SDAT is clocked by rising edge of SCLK. The data is fed MSB first
and address bits before data bits. The data for the Programmable dual
modulus counter is fed first and the Swallow counter last. SLE is kept low
while clocking the data.
During programming, the charge pump attached to programmed divider is
switched to high impedance state. Also all counters connected to the PLL
that is programmed, are kept on reset while the SLE is low.
Synthesizer Timing Control
100 us
min.
9.08us9.08us
Technical Documentation
6.9 ms ( 1.5 x 4.6 ms ( frame )
9.08 us
9.08 us
7.08 us
RXPWR
SYNPWR
SENA
SDATA/
SCLK
2us min
MODEVHF RVHF N/AUHF RUHF N/A
#bits 2323232323
Synthesizer Start–up Timing / Clocking
Page 3 – 48
Original 05/98
PAMS
NSK–3
Technical Documentation
20 ms
VCXOEN
SYNPWR
RXPWR
AGC
SENA
SDATA/
SCLK
6.9 ms
150 us150 us
System Module
MONMONMONMONRXRXRXRX
4.615 ms
0.5–2 sec.
SYNPWR
TXPWR
TXP
TXC
RXPWR
AGC
SENA
Synthesizer Timing / IDLE one monitoring/frame,
frame can start from RX burst
MONMONMONMONRXRXRXRX
150 us
150 us150 us
TXTXTX
SDATA/
SCLK
Original 05/98
Synthesizer Timing / traffic channel
Page 3 – 49
NSK–3
PAMS
System Module
time slots
SYNPWR
RXPWR
TXPWR
TXP
SENA
SDATA/
SCLK
ONLY UHF–
PLL N AND A
REGISTERS
CLOCKED
Technical Documentation
RXMONRXTX
012345670
RXTXMONRX
50 us max.50 us max.50 us max.
Transmit Power Timing
Pout
6.5...59 us
TXC
TXP
0...59 us
UHF–Synthesizer Timing / traffic channel
542.8 us
TXPWR
Page 3 – 50
0...58 us
150 us50 us
Transmitter Timing Diagram
Original 05/98
PAMS
NSK–3
Technical Documentation
System Module
Parts list of UR9E Europe (EDMS Issue 6.11)Code: 0201136
G7014350131Vco 1310–1393 mhz 2.8v 10ma pcn
G7024350103Vco 800mhz 2.8v 7ma
G7034510167VCTCXO13.0 M+–5PPM 2.8V DCS
F1005119019SM, fuse f 1.5a 32v 0603
Z1003640035Filt z>450r/100m 0r7max 0.2a 06030603
Z1013640035Filt z>450r/100m 0r7max 0.2a 06030603
Z1023640035Filt z>450r/100m 0r7max 0.2a 06030603
Z1033640035Filt z>450r/100m 0r7max 0.2a 06030603
Z1043640035Filt z>450r/100m 0r7max 0.2a 06030603
Z4014510077Dupl 1710–1785/1805–1880mhz 20x1420x14
Z5034511021Saw filter1747.5+–37.5 M3X3
Z5054550033Cer.filt 1747.5+–37.5mhz 6.4x5.56.4x5.5
Z5113640069Filt 47pf 25v 0r01 6a 1206
Z6044550039Cer.filt 1842.5+–37.5mhz 7.7x4.57.7x4.5
Z6054511001Saw filter87+–0.12 M
Z6064510009Cer.filt 13+–0.09mhz 7.2x3.27.2x3.2
Z6214511033Saw filter487+–0.2 M/4.5DB 4X4
V1044200877TransistorBCX51–16pnp 45 V 1.5 A SOT89
V1094110067Schottky diodeMBR0520L20 V 0.5 A SOD123
V1114110072Diode x 2BAV99W70 V 0.2 A SOT323
V1124110072Diode x 2BAV99W70 V 0.2 A SOT323
V1134110072Diode x 2BAV99W70 V 0.2 A SOT323
V1154110079Sch. diode x 2HSMS282C15 V SOT323
V3004210100TransistorBC848Wnpn 30 V SOT323
V5014110079Sch. diode x 2HSMS282C15 V SOT323
V5024110072Diode x 2BAV99W70 V 0.2 A SOT323
V5044210119TransistorBC849CWnpn 30 V 0.1 A SOT323
V5054210052TransistorDTC114EEnpn RB V EM3
V5064202671MosFetBST82n–ch 80V 175mA
V5074210052TransistorDTC114EEnpn RB V EM3
V5084112451Pindi bar63–03w 50v 0.1a sod323SOD323
V5094210052TransistorDTC114EEnpn RB V EM3
V5104210074TransistorBFP420npn 4. V SOT343
V5114210052TransistorDTC114EEnpn RB V EM3
V6004210015TransistorBFP405npn 4. V SOT343
V7104210100TransistorBC848Wnpn 30 V SOT323
V7204210074TransistorBFP420npn 4. V SOT343
V8014210052TransistorDTC114EEnpn RB V EM3
V8024210102TransistorBC858Wpnp 30 V 100 mA
B1504510159Crystal32.768 k+–20PPM
G7014350131Vco 1310–1393 mhz 2.8v 10ma pcn
G7024350103Vco 800mhz 2.8v 7ma
G7034510167VCTCXO13.0 M+–5PPM 2.8V DCS
F1005119019SM, fuse f 1.5a 32v 0603
Z1003640035Filt z>450r/100m 0r7max 0.2a 06030603
Z1013640035Filt z>450r/100m 0r7max 0.2a 06030603
Z1023640035Filt z>450r/100m 0r7max 0.2a 06030603
Z1033640035Filt z>450r/100m 0r7max 0.2a 06030603
Z1043640035Filt z>450r/100m 0r7max 0.2a 06030603
Z4014510077Dupl 1710–1785/1805–1880mhz 20x1420x14
Z5034511021Saw filter1747.5+–37.5 M3X3
Z5054550033Cer.filt 1747.5+–37.5mhz 6.4x5.56.4x5.5
Z5113640069Filt 47pf 25v 0r01 6a 1206
Z6044550039Cer.filt 1842.5+–37.5mhz 7.7x4.57.7x4.5
Z6054511001Saw filter87+–0.12 M
Z6064510009Cer.filt 13+–0.09mhz 7.2x3.27.2x3.2
Z6214511033Saw filter487+–0.2 M/4.5DB 4X4
V1044200877TransistorBCX51–16pnp 45 V 1.5 A SOT89
V1094110067Schottky diodeMBR0520L20 V 0.5 A SOD123
V1114110072Diode x 2BAV99W70 V 0.2 A SOT323
V1124110072Diode x 2BAV99W70 V 0.2 A SOT323
V1134110072Diode x 2BAV99W70 V 0.2 A SOT323
V1154110079Sch. diode x 2HSMS282C15 V SOT323
V3004210100TransistorBC848Wnpn 30 V SOT323
V5014110079Sch. diode x 2HSMS282C15 V SOT323
V5024110072Diode x 2BAV99W70 V 0.2 A SOT323
V5044210119TransistorBC849CWnpn 30 V 0.1 A SOT323
V5054210052TransistorDTC114EEnpn RB V EM3
V5064202671MosFetBST82n–ch 80 V 175 mA
V5074210052TransistorDTC114EEnpn RB V EM3
V5084112451Pindi bar63–03w 50v 0.1a sod323SOD323
V5094210052TransistorDTC114EEnpn RB V EM3
V5104210074TransistorBFP420npn 4. V SOT343
V5114210052TransistorDTC114EEnpn RB V EM3
V6004210015TransistorBFP405npn 4. V SOT343
V7104210100TransistorBC848Wnpn 30 V SOT323
V7204210074TransistorBFP420npn 4. V SOT343
V8014210052TransistorDTC114EEnpn RB V EM3
V8024210102TransistorBC858Wpnp 30 V 100 mA