MELDAS is registered trademarks of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation.
Other company and product names that appear in this manual are trademarks or registered
trademarks of the respective companies.
Introduction
This manual is a guide for using the MITSUBISHI CNC 700/70 Series.
Programming is described in this manual, so read this manual thoroughly before starting
programming. Thoroughly study the "Precautions for Safety" on the following page to ensure
safe use of this NC unit.
Details described in this manual
CAUTION
For items described as "Restrictions" or "Usable State" in this manual, t he instruction ma nual
issued by the machine tool builder takes precedence over this manual.
Items not described in this manual must be interpreted as "not possible".
This manual is written o n t h e a s s u mp t i o n t hat all o p t ion func t i o n s ar e a d d ed .
Refer to the specifications issued by the machine tool builder before starting use.
Refer to the Instruction Manual issued by each machine tool builder for details on each
machine tool.
Some screens and functions may differ depending on the NC system (or its version), and
some functions may not be possible. Please confirm the specifications before use.
General precautions
(1) Refer to the following documents for details on handling
MITSUBISHI CNC 700/70 Series Instruction Manual ................................. IB-1500042
Precautions for Safety
Always read the specifications issued by the machine tool builder, this manual, related manuals and
attached documents before installation, operation, programming, maintenance or inspection to ensure
correct use.
Understand this numerical controller, safety items and cautions before using the unit.
This manual ranks the safety precautions into "DANGER", "WARNING" and "CAUTION".
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION
Note that even items ranked as "
In any case, important information that must always be observed is described.
When the user may be subject to imminent fatalities or major injuries if handling
is mistaken.
When the user may be subject to fatalities or major injuries if handling is
mistaken.
When the user may be subject to injuries or when physical damage may occur if
handling is mistaken.
CAUTION", may lead to major results depending on the situation.
DANGER
Not applicable in this manual.
Not applicable in this manual.
1. Items related to product and manual
For items described as "Restrictions" or "Usable State" in this manual, the instruction
manual issued by the machine tool builder takes precedence over this manual.
Items not described in this manual must be interpreted as "not possible".
This manual is written on the assumption that all option f unctions are added. Re fer to the
specifications issued by the machine tool builder before starting use.
Refer to the Instruction Manual issued by each machine tool builder for details on each
machine tool.
Some screens and functions may differ depending on the NC system (or its version), and
some functions may not be possible. Please confirm the specifications before use.
WARNING
CAUTION
CAUTION
2. Items related to operation
Before starting actual machining, always carry out dry run operation to confirm the
machining program, tool offset amount and workpiece offset amount, etc.
If the workpiece coordinate system offset amount is changed during single block stop, the
new setting will be valid from the next block.
Turn the mirror image ON and OFF at the mirror image center.
If the tool offset amount is changed during automatic operation (including during single
block stop), it will be validated from the next block or blocks onwards.
Do not make the synchronous spindle rotation command OFF with one workpiece
chucked by the basic spindle and synchronous spindle during the spindle
synchronization.
Failure to observe this may cause the synchronous spindle stop, and hazardous
situation.
3. Items related to programming
The commands with "no value after G" will be handled as "G00".
";" "EOB" and "%" "EOR" are expressions used for explanation. The actual codes are:
For ISO: "CR, LF", or "LF" and "%".
Programs created on the Edit screen are stored in the NC memory in a "CR, LF" format,
but programs created with external devices such as the FLD or RS-232C may be stored
in an "LF" format.
The actual codes for EIA are: "EOB (End of Block)" and "EOR (End of Record)".
When creating the machining program, select the appropriate machining conditions, and
make sure that the performance, capacity and limits of the machine and NC are not
exceeded. The examples do not consider the machining conditions.
Do not change fixed cycle programs without the prior approval of the machine tool
builder.
When programming the multi-part system, take special care to the movements of the
programs for other part systems.
1. Control Axes .................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Coordinate Words and Control Axes........................................................................................1
1.2 Coordinate Systems and Coordinate Zero Point Symbols .......................................................2
2. Least Command Increments........................................................................................................3
In the case of a lathe, the axis parallel to the spindle is known as the Z axis and its forward direct ion
is the direction in which the turret moves away from the spindle stock while the axis at right angles
to the Z axis is the X axis and its forward direction is the direction in which it moves away from the Z
axis, as shown in the figure below.
1.1 Coordinate Words and Control Axes
indle stock
S
+Y
Tailstock
Tool
Tu
et
+Z
+X
Coordinate axes and polarities
Since coordinates based on the right hand rule are used with a lathe, the forward directio n of the Y
axis in the above figure which is at right angles to the X-Z plane is downward. It should be borne in
mind that an arc on the X-Z plane is expressed as clockwise or counterclockwi se as seen from the
forward direction of the Y axis. (Refer to the section on circular interpolation.)
Spindle nose
Machine zero point
G54
G55
G58
G52
Workpiece zero points (G54 to G59)
G59
Local coordinate system
(Valid in G54 to G59)
G30
2nd reference position
+Z
G28
+X
Reference position
(+Y)
Relationship between coordinates
1
1. Control Axes
1.2 Coordinate Systems and Coordinate Zero Point Symbols
1.2 Coordinate Systems and Coordinate Zero Point Symbols
Function and purpose
: Reference position
: Machine coordinate origin
: Workpiece coordinate zero points
(G54 to G59)
Upon completion of the reference position return, the parameters are referred to and automatically
set for the basic machine coordinate system and workpiece coordinate systems (G54 to G59).
The basic machine coordinate system is set so that the first reference position is at the position
designated by the parameter from the basic machine coordinate zero point (machine zero point).
Basic machine
coordinate system
Hypothetical machine
coordinate system
(shifted by G92)
Machine zero point
Z2
X
2
+X
Workpiece
coordinate
system
1 (G54)
Workpiece
coordinate
system
2 (G55)
+Z
Workpiece
coordinate
system
5 (G58)
Workpiece
coordinate
system6
(G59) Z
3
X
Z
3
Local
coordinate
system
X1
(G52)
1
1st reference position
The local coordinate system (G52) is valid on the co ordinate systems designated by the commands
for the workpiece coordinate systems 1 to 6.
Using the G92 command, the basic machine coordinate system can be shifted and made the
hypothetical machine coordinate system. At the same time, workpiece coordinate systems 1 to 6
are also shifted.
2
2. Least Command Increments
2. Least Command Increments
2.1 Input Setting Units
Function and purpose
The input setting units are, as with the compensation amounts, the units of setting data used in
common for all axes.
The command units are the movement amounts in the program which are commanded with MDI
inputs or command tape. These are expressed with mm, inch or degree (°) units.
With the parameters, the command units are decided for each axis, and the input setting units are
decided commonly for all axes.
#1003 iunit = B
Input setting unit
Command unit
(Note 1) Inch/metric changeover is performed in either of 2 ways: conversion from the parameter
screen (#1041 I_inch: valid only when the power is turned ON) and conversion using the
G command (G20 or G21).
However, when a G command is used for the conversion, the conversion applies only to
the input command increments and not to the input setting units.
Consequently, the tool offset amounts and other compensation amounts as well as the
variable data should be preset to correspond to inches or millimeters.
= C
= D
= E
#1015 cunit = 0 Follow #1003 iunit
= 1
= 10
= 100
= 1000
= 10000
Parameters
2.1 Input Setting Units
Linear axis
Millimeter Inch
0.001 0.0001 0.001
0.0001 0.00001 0.0001
0.00001 0.000001 0.00001
0.000001 0.0000001 0.000001
0.0001 0.00001 0.0001
0.001 0.0001 0.001
0.01 0.001 0.01
0.1 0.01 0.1
1.0 0.1 1.0
Rotation axis
(°)
(Note 2) The millimeter and inch systems cannot be used together.
(Note 3) During circular interpolation on an axis where the input command increments are different,
the center command (I, J, K) and the radius command (R) can be designated by the input
setting units. (Use a decimal point to avoid confusion.)
3
2. Least Command Increments
2.1 Input Setting Units
Data
Speed data
Example:
rapid
Position data
Example:
SoftLimit+
Interpolation
unit data
Detailed description
(1) Units of various data
These input setting units determine the parameter setting unit, program comman d unit and the
external interface unit for the PLC axis and handle pulse, etc. The followin g rules show how the
unit of each data changes when the input setting unit is changed. This table applies to the NC
axis and PLC axis.
Unit
system
metre
Inch
metre
Inch
metre
Inch
(2) Program command
The program command unit follows the above table.
If the data has a decimal point, the number of digits in the integer section will remain and the
number of digits in the decimal point section will increase as the input setting unit becomes
smaller.
When setting data with no decimal point, and which is a position command, the data will be
affected by the input setting increment and input command increment.
For the feed rate, as the input setting unit becomes smaller, the number of digits in the integer
section will remain the same, but the number of digits in the decimal point section will increase.
Setting value
20000 (mm/min) 200002000020000 20000Milli-
Setting range 1 to 9999991 to 9999991 to 999999 1 to 999999
2000 (inch/min) 200002000020000 20000
Setting range 1 to 9999991 to 9999991 to 999999 1 to 999999
123.123 (mm) 123.123123.1230123.12300 123.123000MilliSetting range ±99999.999±99999.9999±99999.99999 ±99999.999999
12.1234 (inch) 12.123412.1234012.123400 12.1234000
Setting range ±9999.9999±9999.99999±9999.999999 ±9999.9999999
1 (µm) 220200 2000Milli-
Setting range ±9999±9999±9999 ±9999
0.0001 (inch) 220200 2000
Setting range ±9999±9999±9999 ±9999
Input setting unit
1µm (B) 0.1µm (C) 10nm (D) 1nm (E)
4
2. Least Command Increments
2.2 Indexing Increment
Function and purpose
This function limits the command value for the rotary axis.
This can be used for indexing the rotary table, etc. It is possible to cause a program error with a
program command other than an indexing increment (parameter setting value).
Detailed description
When the indexing increment (parameter) for limiting the command value is set, the rotary axis can
be positioned with that indexing increment. If a program other than the indexing increment setting
value is commanded, a program error (P20) will occur.
The indexing position will not be checked when the parameter is set to 0.
(Example) When the indexing increment setting value is 2 degrees, only command with the
2-degree increment are possible.
G90 G01 C102. 000 ; … Moves to the 102 degree angle.
G90 G01 C101. 000 : … Program error
G90 G01 C102 ; … Moves to the 102 degree angle. (Decimal point type II)
The following axis specification parameters are used.
# Item Contents
2106 Index unit Indexing
Precautions
• When the indexing increment is set, degree increment positioning takes place.
• The indexing position is checked with the rotary axis, and is not checked with other axes.
• When the indexing increment is set to 2 degrees, the rotary axis is set to the B axis, and the B axis
is moved with JOG to the 1.234 position, an indexing error will occur if "G90B5." or "G91B5." is
commanded.
increment
2.2 Indexing Increment
Set the indexing increment to which the rotary
axis can be positioned.
Setting range
(unit)
0 to 360 (° )
5
3. Data Formats
3. Data Formats
3.1 Tape Codes
Function and purpose
The tape command codes used for this controller are combinations of alphabet letters (A, B, C, ...
Z), numbers (0, 1, 2, ... 9) and signs (+, -, /, ...). These alphabet letters, numbers and signs are
referred to as characters. Each character is represented by a combination of 8 holes which may, or
may not, be present.
These combinations make up what is called codes.
This controller uses the ISO code (R-840).
(Note 1) If a code not given in the "Table of tape codes" is assigned during operation, a program
(Note 2) For the sake of convenience, a " ; " has been used in the CNC display to indi cate the End
CAUTION
" ; " "EOB" and " % " "EOR" are explanatory notations. The actual code is "Line feed" and "%".
(ISO code (R-840)
3.1 Tape Codes
error (P32) will result.
of Block (EOB/LF) which separates one block from another. Do not use the " ; " key,
however, in actual programming but use the keys in the following table instead.
Detailed description
(1) Use the keys in the following table for programming.
EOB/EOR keys and displays
Key used
End of Block LF or NL ;
End of Record % %
(2)Significant data section (label skip function)
All data up to the first EOB ( ; ), after the power has been turned ON or after operation has been
reset, are ignored during automatic operation based on tape, memory loading operation or
during a search operation. In other words, the significant data section of a tape extends from
the character or number code after the initial EOB ( ; ) code after resetting to the point where
the reset command is issued.
Code used
ISO Screen display
6
3. Data Formats
G
R
•
•••••••
•••
•
•
•
•••••••••
•••••••
•
•
•••••••••••••••••••
•
•
•••••••••••••••
•
•••••••••
(3)Control out, control in
When the ISO code is used, all data between control out "(" and control in ")" (or ";") are
ignored, although these data appear on the setting and display unit. Consequently, the
command tape name, No. and other such data not directly related to control can be inserted in
this section.
This information (except (B) in the "Table of tape codes") will also be loaded, ho wever, during
tape loading. The system is set to the "control in" mode when the power is turned ON.
Information in this section is ignored and nothing is executed.
RE T URN)
P
• • •
•• •
••• • ••
•••
•
•••••
•• • • •
F
••
•••••
•
•
(4)EOR (%) code
Generally, the End of Record code is punched at both ends of the tape. It has the following
functions:
(a) Rewind stop when rewinding tape (with tape rewinder)
(b) Rewind start during tape search (with tape rewinder)
(c) Completion of loading during tape loading into memory
(5) Tape preparation for tape operation (with tape rewinder)
……… …………………..
Initial block
Last block
10cm
%;;;;
2m
2m
10cm
%
If a tape rewinder is not used, there is no need for the 2-mete r dummy at both ends of the tape
and for the head EOR (%) code.
7
3. Data Formats
•
X
Y
/
(
(
)
)
(
)
[
]
)
)
@
)
)
3.1 Tape Codes
ISO code (R-840)
Feed holes
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Channel No.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Under the ISO code, LF or NL is EOB and % is EOR.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
The (A) codes are stored on tape but an error results (except when they are used in the
comment section) during operation.
The (B) codes are non-working codes and are always ignored. (Parity V check is not
executed.)
Table of tape codes
8
3. Data Formats
A
3.2 Program Formats
Function and purpose
The prescribed arrangement used when assigning control informati on to the controller is know n as
the program format, and the format used with this controller is called the "word address format".
Detailed description
(1) Word and address
A word is a collection of characters arranged in a specific sequence. This entity is used as the
unit for processing data and for causing the machine to execute specific operations. Each word
used for this controller consists of an alphabet letter and a number of several digits. (A + or sign may be attached to the head of a number.)
3.2 Program Formats
Word
*
Numerals
lphabet (address)
Word configuration
The alphabet letter at the head of the word is the address. It defines the meaning of the
numerical information which follows it.
For details of the types of words and the number of significant digits of words used for this
controller, refer to "Format details".
(2) Blocks
A block is a collection of words. It includes the information which is required for the machin e to
execute specific operations. One block unit constitutes a complete command. The end of each
block is marked with an EOB (End of Block) code.
(3) Programs
A program is a collection of several blocks.
9
3. Data Formats
<Format detail abbreviations>
Program No. 08
Sequence No. N6
Preparatory function G3/G21
0.001(°) mm/
0.0001 inch
0.0001(°) mm/
Movement
axis
Arc and
cutter
radius
Dwell 0.001(sec.) X+53/P+8
Feed
function
Tool offset
Miscellaneous function (M)
Spindle function (S)
Tool function (T)
2nd miscellaneous function A8/B8/C8
Subprogram
(Note 1) α indicates the additional axis address, such as A, B or C.
(Note 2) The number of digits check for a word is carried out with the maximum number of digits of that
address.
(Note 3) Numerals can be used without the leading zeros.
10
3. Data Formats
3.2 Program Formats
(Note 4) The meanings of the details are as follows :
Example 1 : 08 : 8-digit program No.
Example 2 : G21 : Dimension G is 2 digits to the left of the decimal point, and 1 digit to the right.
Example 3 : X+53 : Dimension X uses + or - sign and represents 5 digits to the left of the
decimal point and 3 digits to the right.
For example, the case for when the X axis is positioned (G00) to the 45.123 mm position in the
absolute value (G90) mode is as follows :
X45.123 ;
G00
3 digits below the decimal point
5 digits above the decimal point, so it's +00045, but the leading zeros and the
mark (+) have been omitted.
G0 is possible, too.
(Note 5) If an arc is commanded using a rotary axis and linear axis while inch commands are being used,
the degrees will be converted into 0.1 inches for interpolation.
(Note 6) While inch commands are being used, the rotary axis speed will be in increm ents of 10 degrees.
Example : With the F1. (Feed per minute) command, this will become the 10 degrees/minute
command.
(Note 7) The decimal places below the decimal point are ignored when a command, such as an S
command, with an invalid decimal point has been assigned with a decimal poi nt.
(Note 8) This format is the same for the value input from the memory, MDI or setting and display unit.
(Note 9) Command the program No. in an independent block. Command the program NO. in the head
block of the program.
11
3. Data Formats
3.3 Tape Memory Format
Function and purpose
(1) Storage tape and significant sections (ISO, EIA automatic judgment)
Both ISO and EIA tape codes can be stored in the memory in the same way as tape ope ration.
After resetting, ISO/EIA is automatically judged by the EOB code at the head.
The interval to be stored in the memory is from the next character after the head EOB to the
EOR code after resetting.
The significant codes listed in the "Table of tape code" in Section 3.1 "Tape codes", in the
above significant section are actually stored into the memory. All other codes are ignored and
are not stored.
The data between control out "(" and control in ")" are stored into the memory.
3.4 Optional Block Skip
3.4.1 Optional Block Skip; /
3.3 Tape Memory Format
Function and purpose
This function selectively ignores specific blocks in a machining program which starts with the "/"
(slash) code.
Detailed description
(1) Provided that the optional block skip switch is ON, blocks starting with the "/" code are ignored.
They are executed if the switch is OFF.
Parity check is valid regardless of whether the optional block skip switch is ON or OFF.
When, for instance, all blocks are to be executed for one workpiece but specific block are not to
be executed for another workpiece, the same comman d tape can be used to machine diffe rent
parts by inserting the "/" code at the head of those specific blocks.
Precautions for using optional block skip
(1) Put the "/" code for optional block skip at the beginning of a block. If it is placed inside the block,
it is assumed as a user macro, a division instruction.
(2) Parity checks (H and V) are conducted regardless of the optional block skip switch position.
(3) The optional block skip is processed immediately before the pre-read buffer.
Consequently, it is not possible to skip up to the block which has been read into the pre-read
buffer.
(4) This function is valid even during a sequence No. search.
(5) All blocks with the "/" code are also input and output during tape storing and tape output,
regardless of the position of the optional block skip switch.
a program error results.)
12
3. Data Formats
3.4.2 Optional Block Skip Addition ; /n
3.4 Optional Block Skip
Function and purpose
Whether the block with "/n (n:1 to 9)" (slash) is executed du ring automatic operation an d searching
is selected.
By using the machining program with "/n" code, different parts can be machined by the same
program.
Detailed description
The block with "/n" (slash) code is skipped when the "/n" is programmed to the head of the block
and the optional block skip signal is turned ON.
For the block with the "/n" code inside the block (not the head of block), the program is operated
according to the value of the parameter "#1226 aux10/bit1" setting.
When the optional block skip signal is OFF, the block with "/n" is executed.
Example of program
(1) When the 2 parts like the figure below are machined, the following program is used. When the
optional block skip 5 signal is ON, the part 1 is created. When the optional blo ck skip 5 signal is
OFF, the part 2 is created.
<Program>
N1 G54;
N2 G90G81X50. Z-20. R3. F100;
/5 N3 X30.;
N4 X10.;
N5 G80;
M02;
Part 1
the optional block skip 5 signal ON
Part 2
the optional block skip 5 signal OFF
N4 N2N2 N3
13
N4
3. Data Formats
3.4 Optional Block Skip
(2) When two or more "/n" codes are commanded to the head of the same block, the block is
ignored if either of the optional block skip signal corresponding to the command i s ON.
and the optional block skip 2 signal is OFF,
"Y1. Z1." is ignored
(b) When the optional block skip 1 signal is
OFF and the optional block skip 2 signal is
ON, "Z1." is ignored.
14
3. Data Formats
3.5 Program/Sequence/Block Nos.; O, N
Function and purpose
These Nos. are used for monitoring the execution of the machining programs and for calling both
machining programs and specific stages in machining programs.
(1) Program Nos. are classified by workpiece correspondence or by subprogram units, and they
are designated by the address "O" followed by a number with up to 8 digits.
(2) Sequence Nos. are attached where appropriate to command blocks which configure ma chining
programs, and they are designated by the address "N" followed by a number with up to 6 digits.
(3) Block Nos. are automatically provided internally. They are preset to zero every time a program
No. or sequence No. is read, and they are counted up one at a time unless program Nos. or
sequence Nos. are commanded in blocks which are subsequently read.
Consequently, all the blocks of the machining programs given in the table below can be
determined without further consideration by combinations of program Nos., sequence Nos. an d
block Nos.
Parity check provides a mean of checking whether the tape has been correctly perforated or not.
This involves checking for perforated code errors or, in other words, for perforation errors. There
are two types of parity check: Parity H and Parity V.
(1) Parity H
3.6 Parity H/V
Parity H checks the number of holes configuring a character and it is done during tape
operation, tape input and sequence No. search.
A parity H error is caused in the following cases.
(a) ISO code
When a code with an odd number of holes in a significant data secti on has been detected.
(b) EIA code
When a code with an even number of holes in a significant data section has been
detected.
When a parity H error occurs, the tape stops following the alarm code.
A parity V check is done during tape operation, tape input and sequence No. search when the
I/O PARA #9n15 (n is the unit No.1 to 5) parity V check function is set to "1". It is not done
during memory mode.
A parity V error occurs in the following case: when the number of codes from the first significant
code to the EOB (;) in the significant data section in the vertical direction of the tape is an odd
number, that is, when the number of characters in one block is odd.
When a parity V error is detected, the tape stops at the code following the EOB (;).
(Note 1) Among the tape codes, there are codes which are counted as characters for parity
and codes which are not counted as such. For details, refer to the "Table of tape
code" in Section 3.1 "Tape codes".
(Note 2) Any space codes which may appear within the section from the initial EOB code to the
address code or "/" code are counted for parity V check.
•••
•••
•• ••••
••
••••
This character causes a parity H error.
• •
• •
••••
•••
•••
•
16
3. Data Formats
3.7 G Code Lists
Function and purpose
G codes include the six G code lists 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. One list is selected by setting in parameter
"#1037 cmdtyp".
cmdtyp G code list
3 List 2
4 List 3
5 List 4
6 List 5
7 List 6
8 List 7
G functions are explained using the G code list 3.
(Note 1) A program error (P34) will result if a G code that is not in the Table of G code lists is
(Note 2) An alarm will result if a G code without additional specifications is comman ded.
Plane selection X-Y 6.5
Plane selection Z-X 6.5
Plane selection Y-Z 6.5
Inch command 5.3
Metric command 5.3
Barrier check ON 15.1
Barrier check OFF 15.1
Soft limit ON 15.2
Soft limit OFF 15.2
Reference position return check 14.9
Automatic reference position return 14.7
Return from reference position 14.7
2nd, 3rd and 4th reference position return 14.8
Tool change position return 1 13.17
Tool change position return 2 13.17
Tool change position return 3 13.17
Tool change position return 4 13.17
Tool change position return 5 13.17
Skip function/Multiple-step skip function 2 16.2
16.4
Multiple-step skip function 1-1 16.3
Multiple-step skip function 1-2 16.3
Multiple-step skip function 1-3 16.3
Thread cutting 6.6.1