Kenwood TS-440S User Manual

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Page 1

HF TRANSCEIVER

TS-440S

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

KENWOOD CORPORATION

©PRINTED IN JAPAN B50-8048-30(K, M, T, W) 91/12 11 10 987654321

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Thank you for purchasing the new TS-440S tran

sceiver. Please read this instruction manual carefully before placing your transceiver in service. This unit has been carefully engineered and manufactured to rigid quality standards, and should give you satisfactory and dependable operation for many years.

The following explicit definitions apply in this manual:

Note: If disregarded, inconvenience only, no risk

of equipment damage or personal injury.

Caution: Equipment damage may occur, but not per

sonal injury.

1. FEATURES.............................................................. 3

2. INSTALLATION........................................................ 4

2-1. PRECAUTIONS.................................................... 4

2-2. FIXED STATION................................................... 4

2-2-1. Interconnection................................................ 4

2-2-2. Grounding........................................................ 4

2-2-3. Antenna........................................................... 5

2-2-4. Key connection................................................ 5

2- 3. MOBILE

2-3-1. Mounting bracket installation

2- 3-2. Power supply connection............................. 5

3. OPERATION............................................................ 6

3- 1. OPERATING CONTROLS................................ 6

3- 1-1. Front panel

3-1-2. Rear panel..................................................... 10

3-1-3. Top cover

3-2. RECEIVE............................................................ 12

3-2-1. Initial setting 3-2-2. CW zero-beat operation 3-2-3. Direct keyboard frequency entry 3-2-4. AM reception

3-3. TRANSMIT

3-3-1. SSB (LSB, USB) mode 3-3-2. CW mode

3-3-3. FM mode

3-3-4. AM mode....................................................... 15

3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER 3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's

3-5-1. Why two VFO's.............................................. 15

3-5-2. Split frequency

3-6. MEMORY ........................................................... 16

3-6-1. Memory entry 3-6-2. Transferring memory information to the

3-6-3. Transferring data between memory 3-6-4. Entering/Transferring data in the split 3-6-5. Clearing a memory channel

3-6-6. Memory recall

3-7. SCAN

3-7-1. Memory scan 3-7-2. Program scan 3-7-3. Scan speed

3-7-4. Memory channel lockout

3-8. AFSK

3-8-1. Reception....................................................... 19

3-8-2. Transmit 3-8-3. AMTOR operation

3-9. OPERATION WITH A LINEAR AMPLIFIER.. 19

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(a) Semi-automatic break-in

(b) Full-automatic break-in.......................... 14

• Subaudible tone........................................ 15

(a) A = B switch

(b) A/B switch............................................... 1 5

(d) T-F SET switch...................................... 15

VFO channels frequency channels

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This Instruction Manual covers the TS-440S,

with and without AT (Automatic Antenna

Tuner) unit. When there are differences in

operation, separate instructions will be given for each model. Illustrations show the TS-440S with AT unit.

4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 4-1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 4-2. TRANSMITTER SECTION 4-3. RECEIVER SECTION 4- 4. CIRCUIT BOARD DESCRIPTION

4-4-1. RF unit (X44-1 680-00) 4-4-2. IF unit (X60-1300-00)

4-4-3. Control unit (X53-1450-00)............................ 20

4-4-4. PLL unit (X50-2050-00)................................. 20

4-4-5. Final unit (X45-1470-00) 4-4-6. Filter unit (X51-1 340-00) 4- 4-7. AT (Automatic Antenna Tuner) unit

(X 57-1150-00)............................................ 20

5. MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT 5- 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 5-2. SERVICE

5-3. CLEANING.......................................................... 21

5-4. IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY.................................. 21

5-5. MICROPROCESSOR BACK-UP

LITHIUM BATTERY 5-6. MICROPROCESSOR RESET 5-7. ORDERING SPARE PARTS

5- 8. ADJUSTMENTS............................................. 23

5- 8-1. Cover removal.......................................... 23

5-8-2. Internal views

5-8-3. Digital display calibration.......................... 24

5-8-4. Optional 10 Hz display resolution 5-8-5. CW zero beat frequency selection

5-8-6. Side tone level.......................................... 25

5-8-7. Beep tone selection.................................. 25

5-8-8. Beep tone level 5-8-9. Tuning dial torque 5-8-10. Linear amplifier control

6. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES.................................. 27

6- 1. CRYSTAL FILTER INSTALLATION 6-2. VOICE SYNTHESIZER UNIT VS-1

INSTALLATION

6-3. INTERFACE 1C KIT IC-10

INSTALLATION

6-4. OTHER ACCESSORIES

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM................................................. 33

8. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

9. SPECIFICATIONS AND ACCESSORIES............. 41

9-1. SPECIFICATIONS

9- 2. ACCESSORIES.............................................. 42

10. REFERENCE 10- 1. ANTENNA INSTALLATION

10-1-1. Fixed station 10-1-2. Mobile

10-2. MOBILE OPERATION...................................... 44

10-2-1. Installation....................................................44

10-2-2. Noise reduction............................................45

10-2-3. Battery capacity

10-3. RADIO FREOUENCY ALLOCATION

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1. FEATURES

1. Wide dynamic range

New advances in circuit design have made a 102 dB

dynamic range (500 Hz IF bandwidth) possible.

2. General coverage reception from 100 kHz

to 30 MHz

In addition to transmission and reception on all amateur bands from 1.8 to 28 MHz, the TS-440S provides a continuous tuning general coverage receiver with a range of 100 kHz to 30 MHz.

3. Automatic antenna tuner

The optional, built-in automatic antenna tuner will oper ate from 3.5 to 28 MHz.

4. All-mode operation

USB, LSB, CW, AM, FM, and AFSK modes are

provided.

5. 100% continuous duty transmit

Transmission at a 100% duty cycle is possible for rela tively long durations (one hour or less) in any mode,

including FM and AFSK.

6. CW full break-in

Full break-in operation is possible in the CW mode.

Rapid transmit/receive switching also makes the radio

suitable for data communications in the SSB mode,

such as AMTOR.

7. Build-in XIT

XIT (Transmitter incremental tuning) allows fine tun ing of the transmitter frequency.

8. Switchable IF bandwidth

The IF bandswitch allows you to tailor the receiver

bandwidth to the operating conditions. Several selec

tions are provided; AUTO, W (Wide), Ml (Medium 1),

M2 (Medium 2) and N (Narrow). When the AUTO po

sition has been selected the radio will select the opti

mum bandwidth for the selected mode of operation.

9. Switchable AGC time constant

A switch is provided to select either FAST or SLOW AGC action.

10. All mode squelch

11. Built-in RF power/SWR meter

12. Versatile frequency control

• Accurate frequency selection is possible due to the use of a single reference oscillator circuit.

• Continuous tuning of all frequencies thru the use of digital VFO technology. The basic 10 Hz step tun ing rate is modified, according to the selected mode, for optimum tuning speed and accuracy. An auto matic fast scan function is also provided.

• Dual, digital VFO's (A/B) enable crossband, cross mode operation.

• 100-channel memory (including 10 odd-split chan

nels) stores the frequency, band, and mode.

• Memory scan and two programmable scan ranges.

• Direct entry of the desired frequency using the front

panel numeric keypad is also possible.

• A memory scroll function allows review of the

memory channel contents.

• Selection of the desired memory channel Ts possi

ble using either the TUNING dial or microphone UP/DOWN pushbuttons.

• The T-F SET function is useful for split frequency operation.

• An optional tone unit TU-8 may be used in conjunc tion with the odd-split memory channels to allow 10 meter repeater operations with CTCSS access.

• Optional computer interface.

• Built-in long-life memory back-up battery.

• 2-color fluorescent display tube indicates frequen cy and other operational data.

13. Front panel control of the TUNING dial

torque is provided.

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2. INSTALLATION

2-1. PRECAUTION

1. Avoid direct sunlight, and select a dry, well venti lated location.

2. Since the heat sink is on the rear panel, avoid plac ing the equipment with the bottom and rear sides close to a wall or desk.

3. When installing the equipment in an automobile, en sure adequate ventilation. Install the equipment in

2-2. FIXED STATION

2-2-1. Interconnection

The TS-440S requires more than 18A at 13.8 VDC when transmitting at full power. Use the PS-50 or PS-430 power supply for fixed stations.

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The PS-50 base station supply is needed for continu ous transmission operation.

Key

a location where the rear does not make direct con tact with the seat, and is not directly exposed to vibration. Avoid installing the equipment in front of the car heater air outlet. The standard operating voltage of the equipment is 13.8 V. Do not operate below 12 V or over 16 V.

The transceiver can be elevated for operating con venience.

Caution: -----------------------------------------------------------------------

2-2-2. Grounding Caution: -----------------

Never use a gas pipe or electrical conduit pipe.

Notes:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. A ground connection that is a 1/4 wavelength or its multiple may provide a good DC ground, but it will not provide a good RF ground.

2. A city water pipe cannot be used as a good earth in some cases.

Making a good earth connection is important for preventing dangers such as electric shock and for emit ting a high quality signal with minimum spurious radi ation. Bury a commercially available ground rod or copper plate under the ground and connect it to the GND terminal of the TS-440S. A thick wire, cut as short as possible, should be used for the connection. To make a good earth connection, connect the GND terminal to a grounded metal water pipe.

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2-2-3. Antenna

Caution:

-------------

Protect your equipment —Use a LIGHTNING AR RESTOR.

2-3-2. Power supply connection Cautions:

---------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Turn POWER switch OFF before connecting/disconnecting the power cable.

2. Observe battery polarity.

Any of the common antenna systems designed for use on the high frequency amateur bands may be used with the TS-440S provided the input impedance of the transmission line is not outside the capability of the Au tomatic Antenna Tuner. The transmission line should

be coaxial cable. An antenna system which shows a SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) of less than 1.5:1 when using 50 ohm coaxial transmission line, or a system

that results in a transmission line input impedance that

is essentially resistive, and between 20 and 1 50 ohms will take power from the transceiver through the AT unit.

2-2-4. Key connection

Your key should be connected as illustrated in the figure below. When using an electronic keyer, make

sure that polarity is set for positive. Always use shield

ed line from the key to transceiver.

DC power cable

Red and white -fBlack and gray -

3. When charging your vehicle battery, or when jumpstarting a dead battery, ALWAYS disconnect the power cable from the back of the transceiver, or damage may result to the transceiver.

Connect the TS-440S power cable to the battery ter minals, with consideration to current requirements and noise prevention. The maximum current drawn by the TS-440S reaches between 18 and 20A when trans mitting. Therefore, the cable should be made as short as possible, using the specified fuse. Also, confirm that the power system of the car (including the battery and generator or alternator) will handle the increased load of the TS-440S.

2-3. MOBILE

Being compact in design, this transceiver is ideal for mobile operation. Satisfactory mobile operation is achieved through proper power and antenna connec tion, and thoughtful transceiver installation and ad justment.

2-3-1. Mounting bracket installation

Secure the TS-440S under the dashboard using an op

tional MB-430 mounting bracket. As an alternative, use

strapping, making sure that the TS-440S will not slip out of place while operating the vehicle.

Notes:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Do not install the TS-440S near the heater outlet.

2. Allow sufficient space behind the TS-440S to en sure proper ventilation.

12V Battery

Fuse should be as close to the battery

terminal as possible.

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Diock battery accsition. 20A mini-

rt as possible. TS-440S

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3. OPERATION

3-1. OPERATING CONTROLS

3-1-1. Front panel

0 POWER switch

Press to turn the power ON or OFF.

(2) Meter

During receive the meter is used as an S-meter. Dur ing transmit the function of the meter is controlled by

the Meter switch , and provides either ALC level,

PWR (power) or SWR readings.

MODE/KEY (Numeric Keypad)

These keys are used to select the desired mode of oper

ation (USB, LSB, CW, AM, FM, AFSK). When program ming a memory channel or directly entering a frequency

these keys are used as a numeric keypad to enter the

channel number or frequency.

Indicators

AT TUNE: Lights when the AT TUNE switch is ON.

Turns itself OFF when the antenna tuner has completed tuning.

NOTCH: Lights when the NOTCH switch is ON. F.LOCK: Lights when the F.LOCK switch is ON.

1 MHz: Lights when the 1 MHz step switch is ON.

M.SCR: Lights when the M.IN switch is pressed.

When the memory scroll function is active you can review the contents of the memory channels without a break in the reception of the station you are listening to.

ON AIR: Lights during transmit.

(^ Frequency display

The operating frequency is displayed down to the nearest 100 Hz. Also displays the memory channel number, RIT/XIT frequency, and includes indicators for memory, VFO A/B, scan, split and RIT/XIT operations.

(D FUNCTION switches

The switches included in this group are the RIT/XIT, T-F SET switch, and the VFO select switches. (See page 15.)

(j) MIC gain control

Microphone gain can be adjusted during USB, LSB, AFSK and AM operations. Gain is increased thru clock wise rotation of this control.

CAR (Carrier level) control

This control sets the carrier level during CW, FM and AM operations. When transmitting in the CW mode, adjust so that the ALC meter pointer is within the ALC zone.

SQL (Squelch) control

This function operates in all modes, FM, USB, LSB, CW, AFSK, and AM. This control is used to eliminate atmospheric noise, and receiver static noise during no signal periods. Slowly rotate the control clockwise to the point where the am bient noise just disapears, and speaker shuts off. This point is known as the squelch threshold point. Now you will only hear output from the speaker when an incomming signal is present. For weak signal reception this control should be fully counterclockwise.

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•(0)

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The squelch threshold position will vary from mode to mode, so you may have to readjust when you change modes.

(0) NOTCH control

The NOTCH function is used to reduce or eliminate het erodyne, or CW type signals. The NOTCH filter will not

be effective against SSB, AM or FM type signals. To use the control, place the NOTCH switch ON and slow ly rotate the NOTCH control to reduce the interference. Normally the notch point will occur between the 11:00 and 1:00 o'clock position.

Notes:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The NOTCH frequency can be varied within a range of approximately 400 to 2600 Hz.

2. When an interfering signal such as a CW station appears, slowly rotate the NOTCH control. If you rotate the knob too quickly you may pass right over the notch point. Slow rotation will yield the best results.

Interfering signal

Receive signal

Interfering signal attenuated by NOTCH control

Receive signal

Audio output

(NOTCH OFF)

NOTCH control

Audio output (NOTCH ON)

(Q) IF SHIFT control

Note: —------------------------------------------------------------------------

The IF SHIFT control does not function in the AM or

FM modes.

The IF SHIFT control allows you to shift the IF pass-

band of the receiver without changing the actual center frequency of the receiver. This control is useful when

there is interference near your center frequency. As the

accompanying illustration shows rotating this control may place the interfering signal outside the receiver passband, allowing for easier copy. The operation of

this control in the USB, LSB, AFSK, and CW modes

is detailed below.

• USB mode

Interference from lower frequencies can be reduced or eliminated by rotating the IF SHIFT control in the

0 direction. This will cause the resulting audio fre quencies to have a slightly treble response, i.e.low cut filter (low frequencies attenuated). Interference from higher frequencies can be reduced or eliminat ed by rotating the IF SHIFT control in the 0 direc tion. This will cause the resulting audio frequencies to sound a little bassy, i.e.high cut filter (high fre quencies attenuated).

• LSB/AFSK mode

Interference from lower frequencies can be reduced or eliminated by rotating the IF SHIFT control in the

0 direction. This will cause the resulting audio fre quencies to sound a little bassy, just the opposite of the effect in the USB mode. Interference from higher frequencies can be reduced or eliminated by

Page 9

rotating the IF SHIFT control in the Q direction. This will cause the resulting audio frequencies to ap

pear a little on the high side, again just the opposite

of the USB mode.

CW mode The operation of the IF SHIFT control is similar to that for USB with the exception that you can con trol the tone of the CW note by using the RIT

control.

VFO

1 u n I~l n n

1 /. u u u. u

1 D O O n n

t -I. 1 1 1. 1

1 D O O n n

1 -1. 1 1 ~l. ~l

1 D O O n n

1 -1. 1 1 1. i

RIT

0.D

-0.0

-00

-0 /

Turned in ^direction

Turn in Qdirection

to eliminate inter ference from signal

Turned in ^direction

IF SHIFT operation

Turn in ^direction to eliminate inter ference from signal

K-

1 D O O O n

1 J. 1 1 l.u

XIT control

When the RIT/XIT control is rotated with the XIT switch depressed the transmit frequency can be varied

+/-^.2 kHz without affecting the receiver

frequency. Pressing the switch again releases the XIT function.

-0 /

RF gain control

This control adjusts the gain of the receiver highfrequency amplifier section.

For normal receiver performance, and maximum gain, this control should be in the full clockwise position. If you are having trouble copying the desired signal make a note of the stations peak S-meter reading. Then, ad just the RF control counterclockwise, so that the meter needle is stationary at this level. Now, all signals that were less than the desired signal will be attenuated, such as static noise, etc., making the completion of the QSO easier.

® RIT/XIT control

• RIT control

When the transmit frequency of the distant station drifts a little bit during the QSO, but you do not wish

to alter your transmit frequency to compensate, you

may wish to make use of the RIT control function. This control allows shifting the receive frequency without shifting the transmit frequency. The RIT control allows you to shift the receiver frequency

+ /- 1.2 kHz. This control is also useful for pileups

when the DX station is transmitting a little above or below his receive frequency.

Notes:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. The RIT offset is displayed on the main display. You can therefore preset the offset before you actually need to use it. When you move to another station make sure you turn OFF the RIT switch.

2. The figure at the right illustrates that the RIT dis play and the VFO display may not agree exactly in all instances since the RIT and VFO tune in 10 Hz steps. The normal resolution of the VFO is 100 Hz, so if the RIT or VFO is turned slowly the associat ed display may not update immediately. You will have to tune 100 Hz to see the display actually change.

If the incoming signal pegs the S-meter you can also reduce the receiver gain by counterclockwise rotation of the RF control. The S-meter pointer will always ad vance up-scale as the RF control is rotated counter clockwise, as a visual reminder that the gain of the radio has been reduced.

(Q) AF gain control

Turn the inside knob to increase or decrease the volume.

SELECTIVITY switch

When an optional filter is installed, the radio's passband can be switched to one of four different bandwidths.

The switch has five positions; AUTO, N, M1, M2 and W, that are used to select the bandwidth. The M1, and

N positions are not active until the optional filters are installed, see the accompanying chart. This switch

should normally be set to the AUTO position. The IF

bandwidth will then be selected for optimum receiver characteristics, according to the MODE that has been selected. Manual override is possible by simple rota tion of the SELECTIVITY control.

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The table in section 6-1, CRYSTAL FILTER INSTAL LATION on page 27 shows the bandwidth of each switch setting. Note the differences when the option al filters are installed. The YK-88C is used in the "N” position and the YK-88SN in the "Ml" position.

Notes: ----------------------------------------------------------------———

1. During transmit the wide filter position is selected regardless of the position of the SELECTIVITY switch.

2. When in the FM mode the bandwidth is always 1 5 kHz, regardless of the position of the SELECTIVI TY switch.

3. When the SELECTIVITY switch is set to N or Ml, and no optional filters have been installed, there will

be no sound from the speaker. Refer to the option

al filter installation procedure in the rear of this

manual for information on installation of these

options.

(jj) AGC switch

This switch selects the operating time constant of the AGC (Automatic Gain Control) circuit during receive. When the AGC switch is set to SLOW, the receiver

gain and S-meter readings will react slowly to large in put changes, and when set to FAST, the receiver gain and S-meter will react quickly to changes in the input signal level. The normal position when using all modes is the SLOW

position. When working weak signals, or high speed

CW you might wish to use the FAST position.

Note: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This switch is disabled during FM operations.

® NOTCH switch

When this switch is ON, the notch filter is activated.

PROC (Processor) switch

Effective transmit power output will increase when the PROC switch is turned ON during USB, LSB, AFSK, or FM mode operations.

Note: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------When the speech processor function is used in the USB, LSB, or AFSK mode it is possible to overdrive the transmitter: An easy way to check for excessive modu lation is to monitor the ALC meter. If the needle is over the ALC zone you are overmodulating. Reduce the MIC gain control setting until the needle remains in the ALC zone on voice peaks.

(jj) F.LOCK switch

The selected dial frequency is locked and cannot be changed except thru the use of the RIT/XIT controls,

when this switch is ON.

@ UP/DOWN switches

Pressing the UP switch increases the frequency, and pressing the DOWN switch decreases it.

1 MHz step switch

This switch is used to determine if the UP/DOWN switches will function in 1 MHz steps or only thru the amateur bands. When the 1 MHz step position is selected, the 1 MHz indicator will light.

@ TUNING dial (VFO)

Rotate the knob to select the desired frequency. Fast tuning is possible by rotating the knob rapidly. This con trol may also be used to select the desired memory

channel. The dial drag is adjustable by holding the out

side knob and turning the inside knob clockwise to in

crease drag, and counterclockwise to decrease drag.

@) Program keys

M^V: Used to recall a frequency from memory

to the VFO.

SCAN: Pressing during VFO operation will initiate

program scan, and pressing during memory operation will initiate memory scan. Press ing during scan operation will cause the scan speed to toggle between 2 speeds, fast and slow.

CLEAR: Used to cancel memory storage operations,

or to cancel an entry during direct keyboard entry of frequency using the ENT key.

VFO/M: Used to switch between memory or VFO

operations. M.IN: Used to enter data into a memory channel. ENT: Used to directly enter a frequency from the

numeric keypad.

PHONES jack

Output terminal for headphones.

MIC jack

Connector for a microphone.

MIC connector (Front view)

@ AT TUNE switch

When this switch is turned ON with the AUTO/THRU switch is placed in the AUTO position, the automatic tuner will be engaged and the tuner will try to match the antenna.

@ AUTO/THRU switch

AUTO: The auto antenna tuner is used in

transmit.

THRU: The auto antenna tuner is not used in

transmit.

Page 11

Standby switch

This switch is used when you want to manually con

trol transmit or receive.

SEND: Places the radio into transmit. REC: Places the radio into receive.

The Standby switch is also used to clear an entry dur ing direct entry of VFO frequencies, or when entering a memory channel.

@ ALC/PWR/SWR meter switch

ALC meter Used to monitor the drive level in USB, LSB, and AFSK modes.

PWR meter Used to indicate the output power. Note that this meter is a peak reading meter, not an average reading meter.

SWR meter Used to indicate the Standing Wave Ratio of the an tenna and feedline connected to the ANT connector when the AUTO/THRU switch is in the THRU position.

@ ATT (Attenuator) switch

The incoming receive signal level is attenuated by ap

proximately 20 dB when this switch is activated.

When the incoming receive signal is very strong (20 dB over S-9), the signal should be attenuated to pre

vent distortion of the signal, thereby stabilizing the receiver performance. This is easily done by activat ing the ATT switch. This control is also useful when a strong signal is near your desired signal, while some loss will occur to the desired signal as well as the un desired signal, the use of the attenuator will sometimes allow you to complete the QSO.

NB (Noise Blanker) switch

When pulsating noise, such as that caused by automo bile ignitions is encountered, place the NB switch ON. This will provide approximately 40 dB's of attenuation to this interfering signal. If there is no noise present, the switch should be in the OFF position. This switch will not help to eliminate atmospheric or line noises, only pulse type noise.

VOICE switch

When the optional VS-1 voice synthesizer unit is in stalled the operating frequency will announced whenever the VOICE switch is depressed. For a dial frequency of 14.200.0 the frequency will be an nounced as: "one", "four", "point", "two", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero". Please refer to page 28 for installation instructions con cerning the VS-1 Voice Synthesizer.

Page 12

3-1-2. -Rear panel

(T) ACC 3 terminal

Spare RCA type terminal. No internal connections have been made.

(2) AFSK IN terminal

AFSK input terminal.

AFSK OUT terminal

Constant level AF output terminal for AFSK operation.

® ANTI VOX control

VOX operations are sometimes difficult with high speaker volume control settings. The ANTI VOX con trol is used to reduce the tendency of the VOX to acti vate from inputs from the speaker. The ANTI VOX control is not active when headphones are connect ed, for obvious reasons!

-ANTI

vox GAIN control

This control adjusts the sensitivity of the VOX ampli fier. Adjust this control for your personal preference.

vox GAIN

@ ACC 1 jack

This jack is designed for connection of the 6-pin DIN connector supplied with the optional interface unit.

(D EXT. SP (External speaker) jack

This jack is for connection of an external speaker.

(9) DC power connector

This is used to connect the DC power supply.

KEY jack

Using shielded line, connect a 1/4" phone plug to this jack for CW operation. Open-terminal voltage is approx imately 5.5 VDC.

® DELAY control

This control adjusts the "hang-time” that the radio will remain keyed after voice input has stopped.

DELAY

(Q) ANT (Antenna) connector

This UHF connector should be attached to a suitable antenna for transmitting and receiving. The antenna ca

ble should be 50-ohm coax, terminated with a PL-259

connector.

® GND (Ground) terminal

To prevent electric shock, as well as RFI and BCI, con

nect the transceiver to a good earth ground.

Page 13

@ ACC 2 jack

Terminal numbers and their applications are as follows:

View from the

rear panel.

Internal wiring

View from cord

7. . ^ 6

3-1-3. Top cover

CW OFF SEMI FULL

13-pin DIN plug

Pin No.

1 2 NC 3

10 NC

12 GND Grounding (The shielded wire of the

Pin Name

Data output Output level is fixed regardless of the

GND

5 NC 6

NC 8 GND 9

MIC mute

Data input

Standby Standby terminal

No connection No connection

AF control setting. Output voltage:

300 mV or more at maximum re

ceiving input with 4.7 kQ load.

Grounding (The shielded wire of the audio output terminal is connected here.)

No connection No connection No connection Grounding Signal input from the MIC jack is mut

ed. Grounding mutes signal. No connection Input terminal for data communica

tion. In SSB, MIC gain can be con trolled by the MIC control.

Input voltage:

500 mV or less (SSB: Voltage starts deflecting ALC.

FM: Voltage providing ±3.0 kHz modulation ratio.)

audio input is connected here.)

Grounding transmits.

Application

VOX OFF ON

VOX/BREAK IN switch

VOX (Voice Operated Switch) operation is possible in

LSB, USB, FM or AFSK mode operations. To activate

the VOX circuitry place the VOX switch ON.

This control is also used to select either Full or Semi

automatic break-in.

(Q) REMOTE connector

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

When the control relay is used refer to section 5-8-10.

+ 12 VDC ON transmit

max. 10 mA.

From standby switch

(PTT circuit for foot switch)

GND

ALC input

Speaker output

-Ar

Control relay

Page 14

3-2. RECEIVE

SQL control: Fully counterclockwise.

RF gain control:

, Fully clockwise.

AF gain control: Fully counter clockwise.

3-2-1. Initial setting

1. Preset the controls as shown in the accompanying illustration above.

2. Place the POWER switch to ON. (During fixedstation operation you must first turn ON your DC power supply, the PS-50 is recommended.)

3. The meter will illuminate and a frequency will ap pear in the display.

4. Set the BAND switches for the desired band. If you desire to tune a frequency other than one of the amateur radio frequencies, place the 1 MHz switch ON. With the 1 MHz switch ON the UP/DOWN switches will advance the frequency in 1 MHz steps, rather than thru the amateur radio bands.

5. Select the desired MODE using one of the mode switches.

Notes:----------------------------------------------------------------------

1. By international convention amateur radio fre quencies below 10 MHz utilize the LSB (Lower Sideband) mode, and frequencies of 10 MHz and above use USB (Upper Sideband).

2. The TS-440S automatically selects the normal

mode for you. The exact changeover point is

9.5 MHz. You can override this selection by pressing the desired mode switch.

3-2-2. CW zero-beat operation Zero-beat operation with a station during CW mode

operation

1. Set the RIT/XIT switches to OFF.

2. When an optional filter is not used, tune the TUN ING dial so that the receive beat frequency is ap proximately 800 Hz. You can check this by turning the VOX OFF, and then closing your CW key. Then by using the sidetone oscillator, and the incoming receive signal you can zero-beat by turning the TUNING dial until the two tones are the same fre quency.

3. When the YK-88C filter is used the simplest method

to use is to adjust the TUNING dial for a maximum S-meter deflection.

Reception at the desired pitch after zero-beat operation.

1. After zero-beating turn the RIT switch ON, and ad just the RIT control for the desired pitch.

2. Adjust the IF SHIFT control for the strongest sig nal level.

6. Adjust the AF gain control for the desired volume.

7. Slowly rotate the TUNING dial until the desired sig nal can be heard clearly.

8. The desired receive frequency can also be entered directly by using the numeric keypad. For details of this operation please refer to the “Direct key board frequency entry" section on page 13.

Your frequency

Receiver carrier frequency (BFO) 1

Tuning for CW Operation

Displayed frequency

Transmit-Receive frequency

(Displayed frequency)

800Hz

Beat note

Page 15

3-2-3. Direct keyboard frequency entry

Direct keyboard entry of the frequency is possible us ing the numeric keypad on the TS-440S. This allows rapid changes in frequency without the delays encoun tered when using other tuning methods.

1. Select the VFO mode.

2. Press the ENT key. The display will indicate

3. Enter the desired operating frequency from Most Significant Digit to the Least Significant Digit. You do not have to enter trailing zeros, but you must enter a leading zero for frequencies between 1 and

3.99999 MHz or two leading zeros for frequencies between 0.1 and 0.99999 MHz. (03.500.00 MHz).

A VFO

D C

_/. _/

4. After the last digit has been entered press the ENT key again to signify you want the radio to change frequency. If you entered the frequency down to the nearest 10 Hz a beep will sound and the radio

will automatically change to the new frequency without the need of pressing the ENT key for the second time.

3-2-4. AM reception

There are cases during AM broadcast reception, where interference in noticeable when SELECTIVITY is W, but the intelligibility is poor with the radio in the M2 posi tion, due to a lack of high frequency response. If this condition occurs place the SELECTIVITY switch to M2

and rotate the TUNING dial +/- 1 kHz from the center

frequency. It should be possible to find a point where the interference will be a little greater, intelligibility should be improved. Another method utilizes the execellent receiver stabil ity of the TS-440S by selecting USB or LSB and tun ing to one of the sidebands of the AM signal. The only disadvantage to this method is that a 5 Hz beat tone might be detected along with the desired receive signal.

3-3. TRANSMIT

3-3-1. SSB (USB, LSB) mode

1. Set the MODE keys to USB or LSB. By internation al convention frequencies below 10 MHz utilize the LSB (Lower Sideband) mode, and frequencies above 10 MHz use USB (Upper Sideband). The ac tual switchover point on the TS-440S is 9.5 MHz. The TS-440S will select the proper mode when you tune to the desired frequency. You can override this

by simply pressing the desired mode key.

2. Set the Meter switch to ALC.

ALC PWR SWR

I\. 1

I U I I li I I I I

u u u. u

For example: To enter 14.200.00 MHz there are

two methods:

Method one: Press [ENT], [1], [4], [2], [ENT]. Method two: [ENT], [1], [4], [2], [0], [0], [0], [0].

I U D I I I I I I

/. /_

u u. u

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------

Attempting to enter a frequency outside the tun

ing range of the radio will cause the display to return

to " . .

If you make a mistake while entering the frequen cy and have not yet pressed the ENT key, or en

tered the final digit, you may cancel the input by

pressing either the CLEAR key or standby switch.

------

3. Press the microphone PTT switch, or set the Stand by switch from REC to SEND.

4. Speak into the microphone and adjust the MIC gain control so that the meter deflection does not ex ceed the ALC zone on voice peaks.

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Adjustment using the ALC meter provides greater ac

curacy than if you try and use the power meter for ad justment. Never adjust for ALC deflection above the ALC zone, as this will cause distortion of the transmit

ted audio signal.

1 3 5 7 9 20 40 60

S \\\\\\\lf / / / ///b

-----

PWR 0 10 SWR 1 1.5

Note:

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Do not exceed the ALC zone on voice peaks.

-V

ALC zone

I 11111/—ry

50 100 150 W

5 10 00

-----------

Page 16

3-3-2. CW mode

Set MODE keys to CW and set the Meter switch to ALC.

ALC PWR SWR

^ 1 /---------

Placing the Standby switch to send and depressing the CW key will cause the radio to transmit. Transmission is also possible when in the SEMI or FULL

break-in mode by simply depressing the key, with the

Standby switch in the REC position.

Adjust the CAR control until the meter deflection is

within the ALC zone.

7 9 20 40 60

s \ \ N V \ \ \ \ i l / / / / / A

PWR 0 1 SWR 1 1.5

ALC zone

• SEMI and FULL break-in

Two break-in methods are provided with the TS-440S transceiver, SEMI and FULL break-in. With either break-

in operation depressing the CW key will cause the ra dio to transmit without the need for manually switch

ing the SEND/REC switch. The difference between FULL and SEMI break-in is that during FULL break-in operation it is possible to listen between dots and dash es, and that during SEMI break-in it is not.

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

With either SEMI or FULL break-in operation, cross

band/cross mode operation is not possible. Addition ally, when you are using FULL break-in operation you should not work cross band splits, only in the same band.

The TS-440S also provides a side-tone oscillator cir

cuit to allow monitoring of your CW signal during trans

mission.

(a) Semi-automatic break-in

Depressing the CW key will automatically place the

transceiver into the transmit mode. Transmit mode

will be maintained for a period determined by the setting of the VOX DELAY control on the rear panel of the transceiver, even after the CW key is

released.

1—rjnin—T7"

50 100 150 W

5 10 00

(b)

Full-automatic break-in

Depressing the CW key will automatically place the transceiver into the transmit mode. Releasing the CW key will return the radio to receive immediately enabling reception between characters.

Caution: -----------------------------------------------------------------

The TL-922A/922 linear amplifer is not designed for full break-in type operation. Attempting to use this accessory in the FULL break-in mode cause damage to occur to the linear amplifier.

CW OFF SEMI FULL

VOX OFF

On occasion an electronic keyer may be used that has no method of producing a continuous trans mit condition. In order to obtain a continuous car rier for tuning simply place the Standby switch to the SEND position.

3-3-3. FM mode

Select the desired frequency within the 28 MHz amateur radio band. Place the MODE key to FM and the Meter switch to ALC.

ALC PWR SWR

\ I

ZEL

Press the microphone PTT switch or place the Stand by switch to SEND.

Adjust the CAR control until the meter deflection is

within the ALC zone. This will provide full power in the

FM mode.

To decrease the power, place the Meter switch to PWR and while observing the meter rotate the CAR control counterclockwise until the desired output level is ob

tained.

1 3 5 7

9 20 40 60

ALC PWR

SWR

1 /•

s '^\\\\\

PWR 0 V 10 SWR 'l \5 2

ALC zone

Notes:-------------------------------------------------------------------------—

1. The FM power output may fluctuate if running less than full output.

2. Ensure that an antenna with a low SWR is used. The TS-440S provides several protection circuits, continually loading into an antenna with a high SWR

(3 to 1 or greater) will eventually cause damage to

the final amplifiers.

3. The PWR meter reading may not be accurate with high SWR values. Use a good antenna for the most accurate readings.

1 i / / / / / /dB

V 1

\+aLC

Ì II II// 1 /

50 100 150 W

3 5 10 00

Page 17

• Subaudible tone

An optional subaudible tone unit TU-8 is available for installation in the TS-440S for accessing 10 meter FM repeaters. This tone is activated whenever the TS-440S is in the SPLIT mode.

3-3-4. AM mode

1. Set the Meter switch to PWR.

2. Set the MODE key to AM.

3. Place the Standby switch to SEND.

4. Adjust the CAR control so that the meter indicates 25 watts.

5. Place the Meter switch to ALC.

6. Adjust the MIC gain control so that the meter

deflection does not exceed ALC zone on voice peaks.

3-5-1. Why two VFO's

Occasionally DX stations will utilize an operational

procedure known as split frequency operation. When the DX station is in this mode he will be transmitting on one frequency and receiving on another. This is done in order for the DX station to be able to recog

nize the calls of stations during pile-ups.

Older transceivers required the use of an external VFO

to allow this split frequency operation. The TS-440S,

thru the use of microprocessor controls, effectively pro

vides two separate VFOs in the same package. Several

different controls and switches have been provided to

increase the operators convenience when faced with this type of operation. The use of these controls is dis cussed below.

3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER

(The AT unit AT-440 is required for this function.)

The automatic antenna tuner operates within the amateur radio bands from 3.5 thru 29.7 MFIz.

1. Ensure that an antenna designed for use within the band you intend to operate on is properly connect

ed to the antenna terminal.

2. Set the AUTO/THRU switch to the AUTO position.

3. Place the AT TUNE switch to the ON position. The

AT TUNE indicator will light and the tuner will be

gin tuning. Then the CW mode indicator will light.

4. After a short period the AT TUNE indicator will go OFF and the motors will stop turning.

5. Place the AT TUNE switch to OFF.

6 . Tuning is now completed. You may now carry out

normal communications.

Notes:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When the AT TUNE switch is ON and the AT indi cator lights but then goes out immediately it is an

indication that the antenna was not that far off resonance and that tuning has been completed.

2 . Normal operation is not possible until the AT TUNE

switch has been turned OFF.

3 . If the motors do not stop turning after approximately

30 seconds, place the AT TUNE switch to OFF, and then back to ON again. The tuner will attempt to tune again, and should find a good match. If the tuner will not stop after several tries it indicates

some problem exists with the antenna system.

Readjust the antenna and feedline before attempt

ing to tune again.

3-5-2. Split frequency

(a) A = B switch

Depressing this switch causes the data contained in the inactive VFO (the VFO that is not currently

being displayed) to change to the same data con

tained in the active VFO (the one currently dis

played). Both the frequency and mode are

changed.

For example: VFO A is set at 7 MHz in LSB, and VFO B is 21 MHz in USB. VFO A is the active VFO

(show on the display). Depressing the A = B switch

will cause VFO B to change to 7 MHz in LSB.

(b) A/B switch

Allows selection of the desired active VFO. Each time this switch is depressed the active VFO will alternate between VFO A and VFO B.

Allows the use of one VFO for transmit, and the

other for receive (Split Frequency operation). For example: VFO A is the active VFO, and VFO B is the inactive VFO. Depressing the SPLIT switch will

cause the TS-440S to receive on VFO A and trans

mit on VFO B. The mode of reception and trans

mission will follow the mode contained in the

appropriate VFO memory. It is possible to work

cross band, cross mode if desired.

To avoid confusion during contest, or pile-up oper

ations we recommend using VFO A for receive and

VFO B for transmit.

(d) T-F SET switch

Depressing this switch will allow you to rapidly set

or check the transmit frequency, during SPLIT

operations, without the need of actually trans

mitting.

3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's

Operational convenience can be enhanced thru the use of both VFO A and VFO B.

This switch is especially convenient when you are

trying to locate the transmit frequency of the sta

tion currently in contact with the DX station, since

Page 18

depressing this switch allows you to receive on the transmit frequency as long as the switch is held depressed. The TUNING dial is active when this switch is depressed, so it is easy to change your transmitter frequency at the same time, if neces sary. Releasing the switch will return you to the original receive frequency.

3-6. MEMORY

The TS-440S incorporates a convenient 100 channel memory that can be used to store and recall common ly used frequencies. These channels can be subdivid ed into 10 user-defined groups to tailor the TS-440S for optimum operation in a particular application. You

can, for instance, assign channels 10 through 19 to

the 160 meter band, channels 20 through 29 to the

80 meter band, channels 30 through 39 to the 40 meter band (LSB), channels 40 through 49 to the 20 meter band (USB), channels 50 through 59 to the 1 5 meter band, channels 60 to 69 to the 10 meter band (FM), channels 70 through 79 to the 12 meter band, and channels 80 through 89 to various shortwave bands. Channels 90 through 99 could then be assigned as split frequency channels. After completing channel assignments, you can then use the convenient memory scan function to automatically recall the stored fre quencies on a group basis.

b. Enter a two digit channel number using the nu

meric keypad, being sure to include the leading zero for channels 00 through 09. Pressing the CLEAR key or the standby switch before press ing the second digit will return you to the origi nal channel.

A VFO

1 U 1

/ /. /

1 J.U

c n

c. Use the UP/DOWN switches and/or microphone

UP/DOWN switches to scroll thru the different memory positions.

5. When the desired memory channel is displayed, press the M.IN key again. The current frequency and mode will be stored, the scroll mode will be cancelled, and the TS-440S will return to the oper ating mode and frequency that was displayed be fore the M.IN key was pressed initially. Note that if RIT was selected prior to step 2, the actual fre quency stored will be the indicated frequency plus or minus the RIT variable.

3-6-2. Transferring memory information to the VFO.

1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode.

3-6-1. Memory Entry

1. With the TS-440S in the VFO mode, select the desired operating frequency and mode as described

in previous sections.

A VFO

' U 1

1 /. /

c n

1 J.U

2. Press the M.IN switch. The radio will enter the Memory Scroll (M.SCR) mode. The current memory channel number (M.CH), frequency and mode will be displayed, but the actual operating frequency and mode will remain unchanged allowing uninter rupted reception.

n n

u u

3. Select the desired memory channel using one of the three methods described below, a. Turn the TUNING dial until the desired channel

number is displayed (One revolution of the dial cover about 10 channels).

I U / “7 C n

<_ -I

I I. I I J.IJ

2. Select a channel using any of the methods dis cussed under the Memory Entry section.

r n -J O U i~l n I I

O o

/_ /_/.

u u u. u

Press the M^V key. The stored data will be trans

ferred to the active VFO allowing you to begin tun

ing from that point. The TS-440S automatically returns to the VFO mode when the M^V key is

depressed.

A VFO

D O O n n

L U. U U U. U

Notes:--------------------------------------------------------------------

-------

1. The RIT/XIT status will be copied from the memory to the VFO when the M^V key is depressed.

2. When data is transferred from the split frequency

memory, the active VFO is loaded with the receive data and the inactive VFO will be loaded with the transmit data. The TS-440S will then automatical ly enter the SPLIT mode.

3. This operation will not function if no data is con-

Page 19

tained in the displayed memory channel.

4. Data in the VFO is replaced by the memory data. Memory data is not lost during this operation.

3-6-3. Transferring data between memory channels

1. With the TS-440S in the memory mode, press the M.IN key and scroll to the channel that you want the data to be transferred to.

-• f U

C Jr / I. I

2. Select the desired memory channel using the

methods described under Memory Entry section.

-I / D I) /_ w

• o /_ /. /_ /_ U

~1 c n

I -I.U

Press the M.IN key. The frequency and mode of the

memory channel that appeared before you pressed the M.IN key will duplicated in the new channel.

* I t

3-6-4. Entering/Transferring data in the split fre

quency channels

Separate transmit and receive frequencies may be en tered into memory channels 90 through 99. The proce dure is similar to that given for the other channels with the following exception:

1. The active VFO frequency and mode is stored in the receive memory, and the inactive VFO frequen cy and mode is stored in the transmit memory, regardless of whether the SPLIT function is ON or OFF.

2. The PIT offset is stored in the receive memory, and the XIT offset in the transmit memory.

3. When data is transferred from the general memory section into the split frequency memory section the transmit and receive frequencies will be the same.

4. Only the receive memory will be transferred into general memory during transfer operations from the split memory area.

3-6-5. Clearing a memory channel Two methods may be used to clear a memory channel:

1. M.IN switch

Transferring information from a vacant channel, i.e. one that has no stored information, thru the use of the M.IN switch, as described previously in section 3-6-1 is one

method of "clearing” a memory channel.

2. ENT switch

Data may also be erased by depressing the ENT key while depressing the CLEAR key.

3-6-6. Memory recall

Fixed channel type recall is possible when using the VFO/M key to recall memory channel information. The stored frequency cannot be changed, although the

RIT/XIT function is active.

1. Press the VFO/M key. The memory channel num ber, mode, and stored frequency data will be dis played. If a channel contains no data, only the channel number will be displayed.

I U I

I U /

/ /. I

~l c n

I -Uj

1 c n

I _/. /_/

3. To return to the VFO mode, press the VFO/M key again.

I U / 1 /_ / /

I I. I I U

Notes:----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. RIT/XIT will be cancelled when the TS-440S is

switched from the VFO mode to the memory mode, but will be restored when the TS-440S returns to

the VFO mode.

2. When the TS-440S is switched from the memory mode to the VFO mode, the VFO will be set to the RIT/XIT variable specified when the data was programmed in to memory.

3-7. SCAN

3-7-1. Memory scan

Memory scan operates from memory channel 00 thru

memory channel 99 at approximately 3-4 second in tervals, or you may specify which memory groups you want to scan. Only these memory channels with data entered are scanned.

To initiate memory scan of all memory channels

1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode.

2. Press the SCAN key. Scan will begin at memory

channel 00, or the lowest numbered channel con taining data.

3. You can stop scanning by pressing the CLEAR or

microphone PTT switch. Pressing the PTT switch will allow you to continue scanning from the point that you stopped, and pressing the CLEAR key will allow you to start scanning from the beginning.

4. To resume scan press the SCAN key again. To initiate memory scan of specific memory channel

groups

1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode.

2. Press and hold the SCAN key.

3. You may specify which memory groups you want to scan by depressing the key that corresponds to the ten position of the memory channel group.

0 I

........................

1 I

........................

2 I

........................

9 I

........................

Memory channels 00 thru 09 Memory channels 10 thru 19 Memory channels 20 thru 29

Memory channels 90 thru 99

Page 20

In example 1 we want to scan only Group 2, so we would press the 2 key. In example 2 we want to scan Group 1 and Group 2, so we would press the 1 key and then the 2 key.

Example 1 Example 2

Group 2 Group 1 Group 2

СН20 CH29

OHIO

1.... ...J

CHI 9 СИЗО

CH39

4. You can stop scanning, or resume scan using the same methods described above for the entire memory scan.

3-7-2. Program scan

Two programmable scan ranges are provided on the TS-440S transceiver. PG.S-1 (Program Scan range 1) utilizes memory channels 06 and 07 to specify the up per and lower scan limits. PG.S-2 (Program Scan range

2) utilizes memory channels 08 and 09 to specify the upper and lower scan limits.

Note: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------The TS-440S microprocessor remembers the various scan parameters that you have specified and will fol low whatever you have entered the next time you press the SCAN key.

Example 1: Memory mode

Previously programmed memory scan data was to scan channels 20-29 and

40-49. To scan this same range again simply press the SCAN key.

Example 2: VFO mode

Previously entered program scan data was to scan both PG.S1 and PG.S2.

To initiate program scan over these two

ranges again simply press the SCAN key.

The TS-440S will continue to execute scan according to the above parameters until you manually change the information. This saves a lot of key strokes if you al ways scan the same ranges, etc.

To initiate PG.S

1. Press the VFO/M key to select VFO operation.

2. Press and hold the SCAN key.

To initiate PG.S 1 press the 6 key, and then release

both the 6 and the SCAN keys. Scan will begin on

the frequency programmed in memory channel number 6 and proceed in 10 Hz steps to the upper limit stored in memory channel 7, then return to channel 6 and begin again.

PG.S-1

--------

CH6

14. 010. 00

cw.

-----

CH7

14. 100.00

4. To initiate PG.S 2 press the 8 key, and then release both the 8 and the SCAN key. Scan will proceed in the limits specified in memory channels 8 and

9, just as for PG.S 1.

-----

PG.S-2

---------

CH8 CH9

14.200.00 14.320.00

USB

If you want to scan both ranges PG.S 1 and PG.S

2, press the 6 and then the 8 key while holding the

SCAN key down, and then release the SCAN key. Scan will proceed thru the limits in memory chan nels 6 and 7, thru the limits in memory channels

8 and 9, and then return to begin the process again.

3-7-3. Scan speed Two scan speeds are available with the TS-440S. To change the speed press the SCAN key after you have initiated scan. You will be able to toggle between fast and slow each time you press the key. Note: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------The scan step size depends upon the mode that has been selected for SSB, CW and AFSK the step size is

10 Hz, for FM and AM the step size is 100 Hz.

3-7-4. Memory channel lockout

This transceiver has a memory channel lockout func tion which allows you to temporarily skip unwanted

memory channels during memory scan.

Press the VFO/M key to enter the memory mode.

Select the memory channel that you want to skip using the numeric keypad, the TUNING knob, or the UP/DOWN microphone or BAND switches.

Press the CLEAR switch.

M CH

~1 c n

(_ -I / /.

I -Uj

4. A decimal point will appear in the M.CH display to indicate that the channel will be skipped.

I U /“>/_//

C -I.

I I. I I _/. U

CH6

-PG.S-1СН7

CH8

-H---

USB

PG.S-2

СН9

6. To stop scanning press the PTT switch, or the

CLEAR key. Pressing the SCAN key allows scan to

resume from the point you stopped.

To cancel the lockout, select the desired channel and then press the CLEAR switch. The decimal point will go out indicating that the channel will again be scanned.

- I U I 1 U I I

c r# I I. I I J.U

Page 21

3-8. AFSK

3-8-1. Reception

Note:

---------------------

An RTTY terminal is required to receive and display/print the RTTY signal.

1. The AFSK mode utilizes the LSB carrier frequency, which conforms to international conventions.

2. When the optional YK-88C filter is installed, the nor mal receiver bandwidth is 500 Hz when the SELEC TIVITY switch is set to the AUTO position, and the MODE switch is in AFSK. The accompanying diagram illustrates the relation ship between the carrier and the passband width.

3. The demodulated AFSK signal is sent from the AFSK OUT terminal on the rear panel.

4. This completes the preparation for using the AFSK mode.

Note:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Before connecting the terminal you should review the contents of the instruction manual provided with that terminal unit.

AFSK IN

AFSK keying signal.

Monitor

display

RTTY device

AFSK receive signal

The figure below shows the frequencies relationship.

TS-440

AFSK OUT

2295Hz

of the TS-440S. (See page 11 for the REMOTE ter minal pin configuration.)

3. Place the MODE key on the TS-440S to AFSK, and the Meter switch to ALC.

4. To transmit, either place the SEND/REC switch on the TS-440S to SEND, or use the PTT signal from your terminal unit.

5. When using AFSK, you can also apply your trans mit signal tones to pin number 1 of the microphone connector, if you do not wish to use the two jacks on the rear of the TS-440S. To adjust the power output in AFSK, increase or decrease the MIC gain control setting. A mid-scale ALC reading will yield full power output.

Notes:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. AFSK operation requires terminal unit designed to supply this type of operation. You cannot use FSK tones with an AFSK jack!

2. The AFSK oscillator circuit should provide audio tones of 2125 and 2295 Hz. Lower tones may

cause spurious output due to the higher harmonic content present with these lower frequencies.

3. The TS-440S and RTTY terminal unit should use

separate power supplies, in order to prevent RFI (Radio Frequency Interference).

4. During AFSK mode operation, the microphone

switch should be OFF or ground pin No. 9 of the

ACC 2 jack, or the microphone disconnected, if you

are using the AFSK jacks on the rear panel.

5. The AFSK input level should be less than 100 mV.

3-8-3. AMTOR operation

For AMTOR operation, you should reverse the transmit/receive input polarity on your AMTOR terminal, since AFSK on the TS-440S operates in the LSB mode.

If you cannot reverse the polarity, you should select the USB mode on the TS-440S. During AMTOR operation, the microphone switch should be OFF, or ground pin No. 9 of the ACC 2 jack, or the microphone disconnected, if you are using AFSK

IN/OUT jacks on the rear panel.

3-8-2. Transmit

Note:

Key down periods of 1 hour will require a cool down period of approximately 30 minutes. The PS-50 heavy-duty supply is recommended for continuous duty transmission.

1. Ensure that your terminal is set up for AFSK type keying.

2. Connect the terminal units AFSK output jack to TS-440S AFSK IN jack, and the terminal unit's AFSK input jack to the TS-440S AFSK OUT jack on the rear panel of the transceiver. The terminal units standby (PTT) terminal should be connected to the standby terminal on the REMOTE connector

3-9. OPERATION WITH A LINEAR AMPLI

FIER

The TS-440S may be operated with any conventional

linear amplifier which will accept up to approximately

125 watts of RF drive, has a low current DC operated

keying circuit, and returns approximately -8 to -1

VDC ALC back to the exciter. Please note that in ord

er to operate full QSK (FULL break-in) the linear ampli fier must also be QSK capable. Refer to the REMOTE connector diagram on page 11 and section 5-8-10..

Initial linear amplifier tune-up should be performed with the TS-440S set for approximately 50 watts output to reduce wear and tear on both the linear, and the TS-440S. Use of a dummy load is strongly recom mended, since the bands are already sufficiently crowded.

Page 22

4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

4-1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The TS-440S utilizes double-conversion for FM trans missions, and triple-conversion for all other transmis sion modes, and for all modes in receive. The

intermediate frequencies are 45.05 MHz, 8.83 MHz and 455 kHz.

A wide dynamic range is made possible thru the use

of 2SK125 junction FET's in the receiver section's 1 st and 2nd mixers, and by a 3SK73 dual-gate MOS FET in the 3rd mixer. An integrated circuit balanced modulator (AN612) is

used in the 1st transmitter mixer and 2SK122's are used in the 2nd and 3rd mixers. The PLL circuit, con sisting of 5 loops, and the digital VFO are controlled by a single reference oscillator circuit. IF SHIFT and 10 Hz tuning steps are provided thru the use of this system.

4-2. TRANSMITTER SECTION

The incoming microphone audio is routed to the IF unit where it is amplified by the microphone amplifier and then distributed to the SSB, FM and VOX circuits. The SSB signal is applied to the balanced modulator, then amplified and converted to the 1st IF frequency of 455 kHz. This DSB (Double Side Band) signal is filtered to obtain the SSB signal. The SSB signal is mixed with the local oscillator frequency of 8.375 MHz in the 1st mixer to obtain the 2nd IF signal of 8.83 MHz. This signal is filterd by a CF (Ceramic Filter) to remove the unwanted by-products of the mixing action. The filtered output is applied to the RF unit.

In the RF unit the signal is mixed with the НЕТ OSC frequency of 36.22 MHz by the 2nd mixer to obtain a frequency of 45.05 MHz. This signal is combined with the VCO signal in the 3rd mixer to obtain the transmit frequency which is applied to the Final unit

via a LPF (Low Pass Filter). The Final unit amplifies the

signal to the desired power level and then routes the

signal thru an additional LPF to the antenna terminal,

or the Antenna Tuner, if installed.

4-3. RECEIVER SECTION

The incoming signal for the antenna is fed to the

receive band-pass filters in the RF unit, via a front panel

controlled attenuator circuit. Selection of the desired

BPF is accomplished thru data supplied from the Con

trol unit. Signals from the BPF are mixed with the VCO

signal in the 1 st RX mixer to obtain the 1 st IF frequen cy of 45.05 MHz This signal is filtered by a MCF

(Monolithic Crystal Filter) and applied to the 2nd RX mixer. This mixer combines the 1st IF frequency with the НЕТ OSC frequency of 36.22 MHz to obtain the

2nd IF frequency of 8.83 MHz. The 2nd IF frequency is split into two paths, one to the noise blanker circuits, and the other past the noise

blanking gate to the 2nd IF filter. The signal that is taken from the output of the 2nd IF filter is applied to the 3rd RX mixer, via a buffer amplifier, where it is

mixed with the local oscillator frequency of 8.375

MHz, to obtain the 3rd IF frequency of 455 kHz.

This 3rd IF frequency is either amplified and then demodulated by the FM detector 1C, for FM operation, or applied to the 455 kHz filter. After filtering the sig nal is amplified and applied either to the SSB or AM detector circuits.

4-4. CIRCUIT BOARD DESCRIPTION

The TS-440S contains the following major units; RF unit, IF unit. Control unit, PLL unit. Filter unit, AT unit, etc. A brief description of these units follows.

4-4-1. RF unit (X44-1680-00)

The receive section of this unit includes the BPF's for each band, the 1st RX mixer, a 45.05 MHz MCF, the

2nd RX mixer, noise blanker circuits, and an 8.83 MHz MCF. The transmit section includes the 2nd TX mix

er, 3rd TX mixer, amplifier circuits, FM microphone am

plifier circuit, microphone limiter circuits, and four VCO's required to cover the frequencies from 100 kHz to 30 MHz.

4-4-2. IF unit (X60-1300-00)

The receive section of this unit contains the 8.83 MHz filter, 3rd RX mixer, 455 kHz filter, detector, and low frequency amplifiers. The transmit section contains the

microphone amplifier, balanced modulator, 1st TX mix

er, 8.83 MHz filter, etc. This unit also includes the tim

ing circuit which controls the CW break-in circuit, and the 8.375 MHz local oscillator circuit.

4-4-3. Control unit (X53-1450-00)

The unit is centered around the main microprocessor,

and provides a wide variety of control signals for all the various units.

4-4-4. PLL unit (X50-2050-00)

Five PLL loops are provided, as well as the reference

crystal oscillator (36 MHz).

4-4-5. Final unit (X45-1470-00)

This unit amplifies the TX RF signal for transmission. TS-440S has an output of 100 W. This is accomplished

by utilizing a three-stage final amplifier section having

a relatively low collector loss figure, and a high effi

ciency cooling system.

4-4-6. Filter unit (X51-1340-00)

Provides for a high quality transmitter output by reduc

ing unwanted harmonic emissions. This unit also de

tects the forward and reflected power sensing circuits

for ALC, SWR and Antenna Tuner circuits.

4-4-7. Automatic Antenna Tuner unit (X57-1150-00)

This unit consists of the tuner and control sections. The

tuner section consists of three coils and motor driven

variable capacitors which form the actual tuning cir

cuit. The control section takes the information provid

ed by the filter unit, as well as band and frequency data

provided by the RFunit to control the variable capaci

tors, and switching off the coil. The automatic anten

na tuner operates from 3.5 thru 29.7 MHz.

Page 23

5. MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT

5-1. GENERAL INFORMATION

Your transceiver has been factory aligned and tested to specification before shipment. Under normal circum

stances the transceiver will operate in accordance with

these operating instructions. All adjustable trimmers

and coils in your transceiver were preset at the facto ry and should only be readjusted by a qualified techni cian with proper test equipment. Attempting service or alignment without factory authorization can void the transceiver's warranty.

When operated properly, the transceiver can give years of service without requiring realignment. The informa tion in this section gives some general service proce dures which can be accomplished without sophisticated test equipment.

5-2. SERVICE

Should it ever become necessary to return the equip ment to your dealer or service center for repair, pack in its original box and packing, and include a full description of the problems involved. Also include your telephone number. You need not return accessory

items unless directly related to the service problem.

You may return your radio for service to the Autho rized TRIO-KENWOOD Dealer from whom you pur chased it. A copy of the service report will be returned with the unit. Please do not send sub-assemblies or

printed circuit boards. Send the complete unit, in its

original boxes and packing.

Tag all returned items with your name and call for iden tification. Please mention the model and serial num

ber of your radio in any correspondence, whether phone or written. For future reference, record this in

formation in the space provided on the back cover of this manual.

Service note:---------------------------------------------------------------

Dear OM, if you desire to correspond on a technical or operational problem, please make your note short, complete, and to the point. And PLEASE make it readable.

Please list: Model and serial number.

The question or problem you are having. Please give sufficient detail to diagnose: other equip ment in the station, meter readings and anything you feel might be useful in attempting diagnosis.

Caution:

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Do not pack the equipment in crushed newspapers for shipment! Extensive damage may result, during shipping.

Notes: -----------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Record the date of purchase, serial number and dealer from whom purchased.

2. For your own information, retain a written record of any maintenance performed on the unit.

3. When claiming warranty service, please include a photocopy of the bill of sale, or other proof of pur chase showing the date of sale.

5-3. CLEANING

The knobs, front panel and cabinet of the transceiver

are likely to become soiled after extended use. The knobs should be removed from the transceiver and

cleaned with a neutral soap and warm water. Use a

neutral soap (not harsh chemicals) and damp cloth to clean the cabinet and front panel.

5-4. IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY

The problems described in this table are failures caused in general by improper operation or connection of the

RECEPTION

Symptom Probable cause

Indicators do not light and no receiver noise is heard when the POWER switch is turned on.

Nothing is displayed or wrong digits are displayed when the POWER switch is turned on.

No signal is received even when the

antenna is connected.

An antenna is connected, but no sig

nal is received and the S-meter fully deflects.

1. Bad power cable or connections.

2. Blown power supply fuse.

3. Power supply is OFF. The microprocessor malfunctions. This

occurs when the battery is old or the sup ply voltage drops extremely on the occa sion of consuming large current.

1. SQL control fully clockwise.

2. Microphone PTT switch is in the trans mit position, and the TS440S is in the transmit mode.

3. SELECTIVITY switch is set to "N" or "Ml'' and no optional filter is installed.

RF control is too low, decreasing the high frequency circuit gain.

transceiver, not by defective components. Examine and check according to the following table. If the

problem persists, contact an authorized agent or serv ice station.

Corrective action

1. Check cables and connections.

2. Check for the cause of the blown fuse and replace the fuse.

1. Adjust the supply voltage to nominal voltage ±10V with use of a boost ing transformer. Use a 12 to 16V battery.

2. Turn the POWER switch on again.

1. Turn the SQL control counter clockwise.

2. Set the PTT switch to the receive positon.

3. Ensure the SELECTIVITY switch is set to either "AUTO", "M2", or "W"

Turn the RF gain control fully clockwise.

Page 24

Symptom

The S-meter deflects and stays at a certain position even with no signal.

Signal is received, but no sound is

heard.

SSB received signal is extremely high cut or low cut.

Frequency is not changed by pressing the BAND switch or turning the tuning

control. Program scan fails.

Memory scan fails. Display goes out with VFO/M ON. When nothing is stored in the memory

1. Low AC line voltage.

2. RF gain control closed.

MODE key position is incorrect.

IF SHIFT control is wrong adjusted.

F. LOCK switch is ON.

Memory channel is 6 and 7 or 8 and 9 are empty.

Memory is empty.

channel, a channel is displayed and blanked with only the decimal point dis played.

Probable cause

TRANSMISSION

Symptom

No output in SSB (RF and ALC meters do not deflect.)

VOX does not operate. 1. VOX GAIN control too low.

VOX trips by speaker output. No output in CW

Linear amplifier does not key.

1. Open microphone cable or bad microphone.

2. Low microphone gain.

2. ANTI VOX control requires ad justment.

ANTI VOX control requires adjustment. The key plug is incompletely inserted or

KEY contact failure.

1. Internal connector was not moved.

2. REMOTE connector is miswired, or has a poor contact.

Probable cause

Corrective action

1. Use a step-up transformer to raise the line voltage. Use a 12 to 16V battery.

2. Turn the RF gain control fully clockwise.

Change the MODE key to the correct

mode.

Set the control to the center (click po sition).

Set F. LOCK switch to OFF.

Store the frequency.

Corrective action

1. Check the microphone.

2. Increase the MIC gain control.

See section 3-1-2, VOX GAIN control.

See section 3-1-2, ANTI VOX control.

1. Insert the key plug fully.

2. Turn the CAR control clockwise.

1. Move the connector as described in section 5-8-10.

2. Correct wiring.

5-5. MICROPROCESSOR BACK-UP LITHIUM

BATTERY

A lithium battery is contained in the transceiver to retain memory. Turning off and POWER switch, disconnec ting the power cable, or a power failure will not erase the memory. The battery should last for approximately five years. When the battery discharges, an erroneous display may appear in the display. Lithium battery replacement should be performed by an authorized

KENWOOD service facility; either your KENWOOD dealer, or the factory, since this unit contains CMOS type circuitry.

Notes: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When the lithium battery is replaced, the microprocessor must be reset, using the procedure in section 5-6.

2. When the lithium battery fails, the radio's microcoded functions are NOT affected. Only information stored in memory will be cleared.

5-6. MICROPROCESSOR RESET

When the microprocessor has functioned erroneously or when setting the transceiver in the initial state, switch on the power with the A = B switch pressed.

Note:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

The microprocessor can be easily reset. However, only perform this operation when necessary since the con tents of memory are cleared by resetting.

5-7. ORDERING SPARE PARTS

When ordering replacement or spare parts for your equipment, be sure to specify the following: Model and serial number of your transceiver. Schematic number of the part. Printed circuit board number on which the part is located, part number and name, if known, and quantity desired. Part numbers for most replacement parts is contained in the service manual (available as an option from your dealer).

Page 25

5-8. ADJUSTMENTS

5-8-1. Cover removal Cautions: ----------------------------

1. Before removing the cover, turn the DC power sup ply's power switch OFF and disconnect the power cable.

2. Do not pinch wiring when opening or closing cases.

Removing the covers

Remove the top cover (9 screws), filter unit cover (3 screws) and the bottom covers (8 screws) from radio.

5-8-2. Internal view (A) Top view

Switch unit

PLL unit

VS-1 (option)

(B) Bottom view

Switch unit

Final unit

Filter unit

Page 26

5-8-3. Digital display calibration

1. Removing the top cover, filter unit cover and the bottom covers from radio, and place the radio on its side with the antenna tuner area down.

2. Remove the two screws that secure the rear of the IF unit to the chassis and raise the IF unit up

towards the front panel. Connect the two pin end

of the supplied calibration cable to connector num ber 8 on the PLL unit, as shown in the figure.

3. Connect the single pin end of the cable to the CAL terminal pin that is located along the back edge of the RF unit, near the large shielded area.

4. Connect your antenna and tune to WWV.

5. Using a small flat bladed screwdriver adjust trim

mer capacitor TCI, near connector 8 of the PLL unit, for zero beat. Zero beat is the point where the two audio tones are oscillating at the slowest rate.

5-8-4. Optional 10 Hz display resolution

If you would like 10 Hz resolution instead of the sup plied 100 Hz display resolution, cut D66 as shown on

the Control unit.

1. Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio.

2. Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side) that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently pull the front panel forwards.

3. Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom) to the front panel, and remove the shield plate.

4. Cut the lead of diode D66 located below the dip

switch on the control unit.

5. Reverse steps 1. —3. to reassemble the radio.

Notes:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When reassembling the radio make sure that you do not cut or pinch any wires between the chassis and front panel!

2. Do not alter the settings of the dip switch. They are factory adjusted, and damage or misoperation may result.

PLL unit

5-8-5. CW zero beat frequency selection

You may select between 800 Hz and 400 Hz zero beat adjustments in the CW mode by cutting diode D73 on the control unit.

Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio.

Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side)

that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently

pull the front panel forwards.

Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom) to the front panel, and remove the shield plate. Cut the lead of diode D73 located below the dip switch on the control unit.

Reverse steps 1. —3. to reassemble the radio.

Notes: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When reassembling the radio make sure that you do not cut or pinch any wires between the chassis and front panel!

2. Do not alter the settings of the dip switch. They are factory adjusted, and damage or misoperation may result.

Page 27

5-8-6, Side tone level

1. Remove the top cover.

2. Adjust VR-9 for your reference.

3. Replace the top cover.

4. Cut the lead of diode D65 located below the dip switch on the control unit.

5. Reverse steps 1. —3. to reassemble the radio.

Notes:

--------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When reassembling the radio make sure that you do not cut or pinch any wires between the chassis and front panel!

2. Do not alter the settings of the dip switch. They are factory adjusted, and damage or misoperation may result.

5-8-8. Beep tone level

1. Remove the top cover.

2. Adjust VR-10 for your reference.

3. Replace the top cover.

5-8-7. Beep tone selection

The audio oscillator that provides the Morse Code sig nal when you press a mode key may be changed to provide only a single confirmation tone by cutting di ode D65 on the Control unit.

1. Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio.

2. Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side) that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently pull the front panel forwards.

Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom) to the front panel, and remove the shield plate.

Page 28

5-8-9. TUNING dial torque

Turn the VFO knob while holding the silver ring. As the

VFO knob is turned clockwise, drag will be increased.

5-8-10. Linear amplifier control

As delivered from the factory, the external keying re

lay for control of a linear amplifier is disabled. If you want to connect a linear amplifier connect the jumper

wire on the Switch unit to the ON terminal as shown

in the accompanying figure.

Note: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The control relay functions only when the jumper wire

on board X41 -1610-N/14 is connected to the ON po sition.

Rear panel

Page 29

6. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

The following accessories are available for more

sophisticated operation of your transceiver.

6-1. CRYSTAL FILTER INSTALLATION

1. Remove the top cover from the radio. Be careful of the speaker lead, which may be unplugged.

2. Remove the seven screws securing the IF unit to the chassis.

3. Install the crystal filter in the appropriate location on the IF unit. The SSB filter goes towards the center and the CW filter towards the edge of the

board. Solder the filter in place, and cut off the ex

cess lead lengths.

Note; -----------------------------------------------------------------------

When soldering use a low wattage iron (40 watts

or less), and a high quality rosin core solder. Do not use acid core solder as this will eventually cause damage to the circuit board. Solder quickly, but en sure that you have a good solder connection. If the connection is dull, or looks crystalized you will have

to remove the solder and try again.

4. When installing the optional crystal filter, move the

white or blue lead, or both to the appropriate ter minal as shown in the chart on page 28.

5. Replace the IF unit and secure with the seven screws removed in step 2.

6. Reattach the speaker lead, and replace the top

cover.

Note: -----------------------------------------------------------------------

Two terminals are provided for the WIDE and SSB jumper. Either of the two terminals may be used.

■ YK-88C CW FILTER

Center frequency Passband width Attenuation bandwidth Guaranteed attenuation

YK-88CN CW NARROW FILTER

Center frequency

Passband width

Attenuation bandwidth

Guaranteed attenuation

8,830.7 kHz

500 Hz (-6 dB)

1.5 kHz (-60 dB)

More than 80 dB

8,830.7 kHz 270 Hz (-6 dB)

1.1 kHz (-60 dB)

More than 80 dB

YK-88C

YK-88CN

YK-88SN SSB NARROW FILTER

Center frequency Passband width Attenuation bandwidth Guaranteed attenuation

■ YK-88S SSB FILTER

Center frequency Passband width Attenuation bandwidth Guaranteed attenuation

8,830.0 kHz

1.8 kHz (-6 dB)

3.3 kHz (-60 dB) More than 80 dB

YK-88SN

8,830.0 kHz

2.4 kHz (-6 dB)

4.2 kHz (-60 dB) More than 80 dB

Page 30

OPTIONAL CRYSTAL\^SELECTIVITy\ FILTER COMBINATION ^\P0SITI0n'

AUTO 2.2 kHz

No optional filter

YK-88S

YK-88SN MI

YK-88C

YK-88CN

YK-88S and YK-88C

YK-88S and YK-88CN MI

YK-88SN and YK-88C

YK-88SN and YK-88CN MI

YK-88C and YK-88CN

MI M2

AUTO

MI M2

AUTO

AUTO 2.2 kHz

AUTO

AUTO 2.1

AUTO 2.1 kHz

AUTO

MI M2

AUTO 1.8 kHz 270 Hz

AUTO 500 Hz 270 Hz

N MI M2

USB LSB

No sound from the speaker

2.1 kHz

No sound from the speaker

2.1

kHz

2.2 kHz

1.8 kHz 6 kHz

No sound from the speaker

1.8 kHz

2.2 kHz

No sound from the speaker

No sound from speaker

kHz 500 Hz

1.8 kHz 500 Hz

C W

2.2 kHz 6 kHz

6 kHz

500 Hz

2.2 kHz 6 kHz

500 Hz

2.1 kHz

2.2 kHz 6 kHz

270 Hz

2.1 kHz

2.2 kHz 6 kHz

500 Hz

1.8 kHz

2.2 kHz 6 kHz

270 Hz

1.8 kHz

2.2 kHz 6 kHz

270 Hz

500 Hz

2.2 kHz 6 kHz

MODE

500 Hz

270 Hz

FSK

A M

6 kHz

12 kHz

12 kHz CW

12 kHz

12 kHz CW

12 kHz

12 kHz CW

12 kHz

12 kHz CW

White lead

WIDE

SSB

Terminal connection

Blue lead

WIDE

SSB

WIDE

SSB

6-2. VOICE SYNTHESIZER UNIT VS-1

INSTALLATION

1. Remove the top cover from the radio. 5.

2. Remove the two screws on the rear of the IF unt and raise the unit to allow access to the PLL unit.

3. Install the VS-1 in the area at the left rear of the 6.

PLL unit using the three screws provided with the VS-1. 7.

4. Install the 3-pin plug on connector J01 and the 8.

8-pin plug on connector J02.

Select the desired language that you want with switch S-1 on the VS-1. ENG for English, or JA for Japanese. Install the 4-pin plug on connector (3) 05 the IF unit. Reverse step 1 . — 2, Turn on the power switch and press the VOICE switch. The frequency will be announced. Adjust VR-1 for the desired audio output level.

Page 31

Programming and recall of VFO A and VFO B fre quency

MR (Memory Recall) and M.IN (Memory Input) Microphone UP/DOWN frequency control disable

Control of the F.LOCK switch

Memory channel selection

MODE selection Control of RIT/XIT Selection of RIT/XIT frequency Scan operation Review of transceiver status

6-3-1. Installation

1. Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio.

Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side) that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently pull the front panel forwards.

Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom) to the front panel, and remove the shield plate.

Install the IC's into the vacant sockets on the Con trol unit. Orientation of this component is critical for proper operation of the radio, and interface.

Caution:

Install the IC's so that the notch in the end is on

-----------------------------------------------------------------

6-3. INTERFACE 1C KIT IC-10 INSTALLATION

Installing the optional IC-10 kit will allow control of the radio from a personal computer. The following opera

tions are possible:

IC54 : /iPD8251AC (NEC) or equivalent

IC55 : TC4040BP (Toshiba) or equivalent

5. Reverse steps 1. —3. to reassemble the radio.

Caution: ------------------------------------------------------------------

Do not pinch and stretch any wires.

6-3-2. Operation

Refer to the instruction manual provided with the IC-10

Interface 1C Kit.

Page 32

6-4. OTHER ACCESSORIES

■ PS-50 HEAVY DUTY DC POWER SUPPLY

Designed to match the TS-440S. Supplies regulated

13.8 VDC at 20 A with built-in cooling fan and pro

tection circuits for maximum relliability.

■ PS-430 DC POWER SUPPLY

The PS-430 is a regulated DC power supply with high current capability. The output is 13.8 VDC/20 A (in termittent). Since terminals for 13.8 VDC/10 A are also

provided, in addition to an output power cable for use with the TS-440S, the PS-430 can be used as the pow

er source for another low power mobile transceiver

such as a 2-meter rig.

■ AT-440 automatic ANTENNA TUNER UNIT

The AT-440 Automatic Antenna Tuner unit can be in stalled in the TS-440S. The tuner covers all amateur bands from 80 through 10 meters, including the new

WARC bands. Matching capability is 20 to 1 50 ohms,

unbalanced.

■ AT-250 AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER

The AT-250 Automatic Antenna Tuner covers

through 10 meters bands.

160

■ MC-85 MICROPHONE (8-pin)

The MC-85 is a unidirectional high-class electret con denser microphone provided with the output selective switch, audio level compensation circuit, low cut filter, level meter, PTT and LOCK switches. An 8-pin cable is provided, with optional cables, up to three outputs are possible.

■ MC-80 MICROPHONE (8-pin)

The MC-80 is an omnidirectional electret condenser

microphone provided with UP/DOWN switches, volume adjustment for output level, PTT and LOCK switches, built-in pre-amplifier.

■ MC-60A MICROPHONE (8-pin)

The zinc die-cast base provides high stability, and the

MC-60A is complete with PTT and LOCK switches,

UP/DOWN switches, and impedance selector switch

and a built-in pre-amplifier.

■ MC-55 MOBILE MICROPHONE (8-pin)

The MC-55 provides UP/DOWN switches, LED display

for switching transmit or receive, adjustable micro

phone gain, automatic receive returning circuit (approx.

5 minutes) and many functions.

■ AT-230 ANTENNA TUNER

The AT-230 Antenna Tuner covers 160 through 10 meters bands.

■ AT-130 ANTENNA TUNER

The AT-130 Antenna Tuner covers 80 through 10

meters bands.

PS-50

■ MC-42S UP/DOWN HAND MICROPHONE

The MC-42S is handy dynamic microphone with PTT

switch and UP/DOWN switches.

■ LF-30A LOW PASS FILTER

AT-250

MC-60A

PS-430

MC-85

MC-80

MC-42S

Page 33

■ MB-430 MOBILE MOUNT

The Mobile Mount MB-430 allows easy installation and removal of the TS-440S. The MB-430 can either be suspended from the dashboard or attached to the

transmission tunnel or a center console. The tran

sceiver tilt angle can be adjusted 5 steps.

■ PG-2C DC POWER CABLE

■ SP-41 COMPACT MOBILE SPEAKER (4 ohms)

■ TL-922A/TL-922 HF LINEAR AMPLIFIER

(Not for QSK operation.) The TL-922A/922 is an HF linear amplifier operating at maximum legal power, and employing a pair of

3-500Z high performance transmitting tubes. TL-922A

(without 10 meter band) is available only in U.S.A.

■ MA-5 5 BAND HELICAL TYPE HF MOBILE

ANTENNA

■ VP-1 BUMPER MOUNT FOR MA-5

■ SP-430 EXTERNAL SPEAKER

The SP-430 is an attractive, compact external speak

er. This low-distortion speaker provides clear reproduc tion of the high-quality audio obtained from the transceiver.

■ SP-50 MOBILE SPEAKER (8 ohms)

Compact and smart high quality external speaker pro

vides flexibility of installation for maximum con

venience.

■ SM-220 STATION MONITOR

Built around a basic 10 MHz oscilloscope, the SM-220 station monitor features, in combination with a built-

in two-tone generator, a variety of waveform-observing

capabilities.

■ PC-1 A PHONE PATCH

(Available only where phone patch operation legal.) Hybrid phone patch with VU meter for null and audio

gain measurements. The PC-1 A Phone Patch provides

interface between the transceiver and telephone line. Providing excellent performance, it is designed with high isolation between receive input and transmit out put. Its compact design permits easy installation in a limited space. (FCC Part 68 registered)

KENV«X)0

SP-41

MB-430

S P-430

SM-220

TL-922A/TL-922

Page 34

■ TU-8 SUBAUDIBLE TONE UNIT

38 CTCSS tone frequencies can be selected by set

ting of the dip switch.

■ IF-232C INTERFACE

The IF-232C Interface is the adapter for connection be tween the RS-232C terminal of a personal computer and the interface terminal of the TS-440S.

■ IC-10 INTERFACE 1C KIT

■ SW-2000 SWR/POWER METER

SWR/POWER meters cover 1.8-54 MHz in range of

0-200/2000 W, full scale for base station use.

■ SW-200A SWR/POWER METER

SW-200 A supplied with SWC-1. Selectable Peakreading/RMS. SWR/POWER meters cover 1.8-150 MHz in range of 0-20/200 W full scale for base sta

tion use.

■ SW-100A SWR/POWER METER

Compact and lightweight SWR/POWER/VOLT meters cover 1.8 - 1 50 MHz in range of 1 50 W full scale for mobile use.

■ HS-7 MICRO HEADPHONES (16 OHMS)

■ HS-6 COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES (12.5

OHMS)

Deluxe, very light-weight headphones designed for communications equipment.

■ HS-5 COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES (8

OHMS)

Headphones designed for communications equipment. These light-weight open air-type headphones remain comfortable during extended operation. Easily attached earpads are provided.

■ HS-4

OHMS)

COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES (8

HS-7 HS-6

HS-5

Page 35

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Page 36

8. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

8-1. FILTER UNIT(X51-1340-00)/DISPLAY UNIT (X54-1870-00) (B/4)

Page 37

AT UNIT (X57-1150-00) (A/2)

> H

2 H

СЛ

СЛ 0

о о

1C 1

;NJ M2903 0

; HD10M6

I C 2

:hd ioi 3i

I C 3

:HD t01 25

1C 4 1C 5.6 ;BA 6I0 9U 2 1C 7 :NE 555 P I c a ; M 63 6t4

0 1.3.6 0 2.9 0 5 0 7 010 0-1 05

:0T C!I4 ES : 2S A9 50(Y) :7S C24 58 (Y) ;DT C124E S ;2S C26 66 (Y>

0 1- -4 : 1S S99 0 5.6 :UZ-6.2eL 0 7.9.1 2 :iSS13 3 0 8,100* 105 : IS 1555 010 ,11 ;iN 60

Page 38

8-3. FINAL UNIT (X54-1470-00)

FINAL UNIT (X45-I470-00)

Page 39

8-4. PLL UNIT (X50-2050-00)

PLL UNIT (X50-2050-00)

IC 1.4 iC 2 tC 3.6 iC 7.8,11,12.14 IC 5.10 IC 13.16

ICI3

IC 17 IC 9.18

:MN6147orMN6l47C : M54459L :SN74LS90N :SNI6913P ;M94460L ;SN74S1 I2N ; SN74S10N : MB87006 :MN6147

0 1.2.10.11,16.17 ;2SC3113(8)

0 3-5,12-15,18-20,22-24,26‘n*30,

37,38 :2SC2668(Y) 0 6,7,9,25 ; 2SC2458(Y) 0 8 ;2SC1959(Y) 021 :2SC2787(L) 0 31-35 :2SC2459(BL) 036 ;2SKI92A(GR)

0 1,2,4,5,7,8,10,12 :iSSI33 0 3 0 6,9 Oil 0 13 0 14

:1SV53A :ITT310TE

; MVI3

:MV203 :1SV153

Page 40

Page 41

8-5. RF UNIT (X44-1680-00)

RF UNIT(X44-1680-00)

Page 42

Page 43

8-6. CONTROL UNIT(X53-1450-00)/DISPLAY UNIT (X54-1870-00) (A/4)

Page 44

ENCODER ASS^*

Page 45

8-7. IF UNIT (X60-1300-00)

Page 46

iillÉIlillllî lijiiiililiitII 1 î II!

ûh h ¡I l il I

Page 47

8-8. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

DISPLAY UNIT (X54-1870-00) (B/4)

Page 48

Page 49

SWITCH UNIT(X4I-I6I0-00)(N/14)

Page 50

9. SPECIFICATIONS AND ACCESSORIES

9-1. SPECIFICATIONS

Mode

Antenna impedance

Power requirement Grounding

Current drain

Operating temperature Dimensions ( ) includes

projection.

Weight

Frequency range

Input power

Modulation

Spurious radiation (CW) Carrier suppression Unwanted sideband suppression Third order distortion Maximum frequency deviation (FM) Frequency response (-6 dB) Microphone impedance Circuitry Frequency range Intermediate frequency

LSB, USB, CW, FSK (at 10 dB S/N)

Sensitivity

AM (at 10 dB S/N)

FM (at 12 dB SINAD)

LSB (A3J), USB (A3J), CW (A1), AM (A3), FM (F3), FSK (FI)

With AT unit Without AT unit

Receive mode with no input signal

Transmit mode

Wide High Deep

With AT unit Without AT unit

160 m band

80 m band 40 m band 30 m band 10.1 20 m band

17m band 15m band 12 m band

10 m band LSB, USB, CW, FM, FSK AM LSB, USB FM AM

100 to 150 kHz 1 50 to 500 kHz

500 kHz to 1.6 MHz

1.6 to 30 MHz 100 to 150 kHz 1 50 to 500 kHz

500 kHz to 1.6 MHz

1.6 to 30 MHz

20 to 150 ohms (Transmit only)

12 to 16 VDC (13.8 VDC reference)

-lOto +50°C (+14to +122°F)

More than 40 dB (with 1.5 kHz reference) More than 50 dB (with 1.5 kHz reference)

More than 26 dB below one of two tones

Triple conversion superheterodyne

1st: 45.05 MHz, 2nd: 8.83 MHz, 3rd: 455 kHz

50 ohms

Negative

1.9 A

20 A

270 (279) mm

96 (108) mm

313 (335) mm

7.3 kg (16.1 lbs)

6.3 kg (13.9 lbs)

1.8

to 2.0 MHz

3.5 to 4.0

7.0 to 7.3 to

10.15 MHz

14.0 to

18.068 to

21.0 to

24.89 to

28.0

Balanced modulation

Reactance modulation

Low level modulation

Less than -40 dB

400 to 2600 Hz

500 ohms to 50 kfl

100 kHz to 30 MHz

Less than 2.5 /iV Less than 1/iV Less than 4/iV Less than 0.25/iV Less than 25 fN Less than 13iA/ Less than 40 fiW Less than 2.5 /iV Less than 0.7¡N

14.35 MHz

18.168 MHz

21.45 MHz

24.99 MHz

29.7

200 W PEP

110 W PEP

±5 kHz

MHz MHz

MHz

Page 51

________ Model

Specifications -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LSB, USB, CW, FSK

Selectivity

Image ratio

IF rejection

‘53

IF SHIFT variable range

u «

RIT/XIT variable range NOTCH filter attenuation

Squelch sensitivity

Output Output load impedance

Frequency accuracy (at RIT/XIT off) Less than ±1x10-5

c o

0) i i- §

a> o

Frequency stability (at RIT/XIT off)

100 kHz to 1.6 MHz

1.6 to 30 MHz 100 kHz to 1.6 MHz

1.6 to 30 MHz

LSB, USB, CW, AM, FSK

500 kHz to 1.6 MHz Less than 20 ¡iV

-6 dB

-60 dB

-6 dB

- 50 dB

-6 dB

-50 dB

More than 20 dB (at 1.5 kHz)

100 to 150 kHz

1 50 to 500 kHz

1.6 to 30 MHz

1.5 W across 8 ohms load (10% distortion)

4 to 16 ohms (both ext. speaker and phones)

Less than ± 1 x 10-5 (-10 to + 50°C)

TS-440S

2.2 kHz

4.4 kHz

More than 50 dB More than 70 dB More than 50 dB More than 70 dB More than ±0.9 kHz More than ± 1 kHz

Less than 20 fiW Less than lO^iV

Less than 2 /¿V Less than 0.32 fiV

6 kHz 18 kHz 12 kHz

25 kHz

Circuit and ratings are subject to change without notice due to development in technology.

9-2. ACCESSORIES

Dynamic microphone (Except Europe and U.K.)............................................. T91-0352-05

DC power cable assembly............................................................................... E30-1638-05................................. 1 pc.

Calibration cable.............................................................................................. E31-2154-05................................. 1 pc.

Fuse(20A)............................................................................................................... F05-2034-05.......................... 1 pc.

Knob................................................................................................................ K23-0712-04 ................................ 1 pc.

DIN plug (7-pin)....................................................................................................... E07-0751-05.......................... 1 pc.

Instruction manual................................................................................................... B50-8048-20

Warranty card........................................................................................................................................................ 1 copy

.................................

.........................

1 pc.

1 copy

Page 52

10. REFERENCE

10-1. Antenna installation

10-1-1. Fixed station

For HF fixed-station operation, an antenna specifically designed for amateur operation is recommended. An

tenna types include wire antennas, verticals, rotary

beams, and other antenna types. (Fig. 10-1) HF anten nas are quite large and must be installed to withstand strong wind, heavy rain, etc.

Any antenna used with the TS-440S should be of

50-ohm impedance and should be connected using an appropriate coaxial cable such as RG-8/U. Impedance matching is important. Impedance mis matching will result in a high VSWR and power loss, or can cause unwanted harmonic radiation and inter ference (TVI, BCD. The impedance match can be checked with an SWR meter. Generally, satisfactory operation is assured when the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is less than 1.5:1. A rotary beam antenna is very effective for DX com munication in the 14,21 and 28 MHz bands. (Fig. 10-2) If open wire or balanced type transmission line is used with the antenna, a suitable antenna tuner with balun is recommended between the transceiver and the feed line. Methods of construction and operating such tuners are described in detail in the ARRL Antenna

Handbook, or similar publications. For operation on the

160,75 and 40 meter bands, a simple dipole antenna, cut to resonance in the most used portion of the band, will perform satisfactorily. For operation on the 10,1 5 and 20 meter bands, the efficiency of the station will be greatly increased if a good directional rotary anten na is used. Remember that even the most sophisticat ed transceiver is useless without a good antenna.

(1) Antenna

Use a sturdy mount for the mobile antenna since HF antennas are larger (and have more wind load) and are heavier than VHF antennas. A bumper mount is recom mended for general use. The ground side of the mount must be well grounded to the car body, since the body itself functions as the ground plane for the mobile an

tenna. (Refer to Fig. 10-4)

Notes:

1. Some cars have plastic bumpers. For such cars, ground the antenna mount to the body.

2 .. When tuning a newly installed antenna, use the fol

lowing procedure:

• Turn the CAR control fully counter-clockwise for minimum transmit power.

• With the transceiver in transmit mode, raise

transmit power output slowly by rotaing the CAR control clockwise. The antenna should be adjust ed with minimum power.

• Transmitting with full power is recommended

only after the antenna has been adjusted for a VSWR below 1.5:1.

Fig. 10-1

Ground plane antenna

3. Antenna installation is critical for successful mo bile operation. For further information refer to THE RADIO AMATEUR'S HANDBOOK, RADIO HAND BOOK, or other texts.

(2) Coaxial cable connection

When the antenna is mounted on the behicles bum per, the coaxial cable from the antenna can be routed through a drain hole in the trunk. When the antenna is roof mounted pass the cable between the body and door. Leave a driploop at the lowest point in the cable before entry into the vechicle to prevent water from entering the car.

(3) Adjustment

Some mobile antennas are not designed at 50-ohm impredance. In this case, impedance matching between the antenna and the coaxial cable (50i2) is required. This can be achieved by using an antenna matching device or coupler.

Page 53

The antenna to be used should first be checked with a dip meter to insure that it is designed for your oper ating band, then the impedance matching should be checked with an SWR meter. (Fig. 10-3) The VSWR should preferably be less than 1.5:1 for stisfactory operation. For antenna adjustment refer to

the antenna instruction manual.

(4) Antenna matching In general, mobile antennas have a lower impedance

than the 50-ohm coaxial cable used to feed them,

resulting in a mismatch between the antenna and the coax. Such trouble can be eliminated by using an an

tenna tuner between the transceiver and the coaxial

cable.

o Matching circuit examples

INPUTS ^

-- -

i—

OUTPUT

--------

-^1

INPUTj_j^

O—*■

OUTPUT

10-2.MOBIL OPERATION

10-2-1. Installation

Route battery and ANTENNA leads away from all high voltage secondary circuits to prevent ignition noise in terference.

Page 54

10-2-2. Noise reduction

In motor vehicles, noise is generated by the ignition system. Other sources of noise include the wiper and heater motors. Although the transceiver is equipped with a noise blanker to minimize ignition noise, it is imperative that some preventive measures be taken to reduce the noise to the lowest possible level.

(1) Antenna location selection

Since ignition noise is generated by the vehicles en gine, the antenna must be installed as far from the en gine as possible.

(2) Bonding

The component parts of motor vehicles, such as the engine, transmission, muffler system, accelerator, etc., are coupled to one another at DC and low frequencies, but are isolated at high frequencies. By connecting

these parts using heavy, braided ground straps, igni

tion noise can be reduced. This connection is called "bonding”.

(3) Use ignition suppressor cable or suppressor spark plugs

Noise can be reduced by using spark plugs with inter nal resistors, or resistive suppressor ignition cable.

10-2-3. Battery capacity

The power system of a motor vehicle is comprised of a battery and an alternator (which generates power while the engine is running) to supply current to loads or to charge the battery. Since the transceiver draws high current during trans mit, care should be exercised so the power system is not overloaded. When using the transciever, the fol lowing points should be observed from the viewpont of battery maintenance:

1. Turn the transceiver OFF when the lights, heater, wipers and other high-draw accessories are used.

2. Avoid transceiver operation when the engine is not running.

3. If necessary, use an ammeter and/or a voltmeter

to check battery condition.

Page 55

10-3. RADIO FREQUENCY ALLOCATION

kHz

148.5

283.5

525

1606

1705

1800

2000

2300 2500

1 s( 2nd 3rd

Zdne Zone Zone

Low frequency broadcast band

Medium frequency broadcast band

160 m

amateur band

90 m broadcast band 80 m amateur band

75 m

broadcast band

60 m broadcast band

49 m broadcast band

40 m amateur band

41 m broadcast band

1st 2nd 3rd

MHz

10.100

10.150 1 1.650

12.050

13.600

13.800

14.000

14.350

15.000

15.100

15.600

17.550

17.900

18.068

18.168

20.000

21.000

21.450

21.850

24.890

24.990

25.000

25.670

26.100

28.000

29.700

1st Zone: Europe and Africa (Soviet Russia, Turkey and Mongolia included) 2nd Zone: South and North America 3rd Zone: Asia and Oceania (Soviet Russia, Turkey and Mongolia excluded)

• In some countries, frequencies allocations do not accord with this

Zone Zone Zone

-------------

table.

---------

Standard time frequency General broadcast band

-------

30 m amateur band

25 m broadcast band

20 m amateur band

19m

broadcast band

1 7 m

amateur band

1 5 m

amateur band

13m

broadcast band

12m

amateur band

11m

broadcast band

10 m

amateur band

31 m broadcast band

10MHz

Radio Frequency Allocation

Frequency distribution in the broadcast and amateur bands

The general coverage receiver covers from 100 kHz to 30 MHz, to receive international broadcast and com

munication services. As shown in the frequency allocation chart, above figure, broadcast and amateur radio station frequen

cies are allocated in specific bands expressed in mega

hertz (MHz) or wavelength in meters (m). Also in the

above figure the frequencies of "other stations" are

assigned for fixed station business use, marine mobile,

aviation mobile, land mobile, radio beacon stations, etc.

Tropical broadcast band

Amateur band

I I Other stations

Notes:---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Radio stations throughout the world are listed in the WORLD RADIO TV HANDBOOK or similar publi

cations.

2. Antennas designed for ham band operation will generally provide satisfactory reception for SW sta tions near the ham bands. For antenna construc tion details, see the ARRL ANTENNA HANDBOOK, or similar publications.

Page 56

Model TS-440S Serial No.

_____

Date of Purchase Dealer

Page 57

KENWOOD

Kenwood TS-440S User Manual

CONTENTS

1. FEATURES

1. Wide dynamic range

3. Automatic antenna tuner

4. All-mode operation

5. 100% continuous duty transmit

6. CW full break-in

7. Build-in XIT

8. Switchable IF bandwidth

9. Switchable AGC time constant

10. All mode squelch

11. Built-in RF power/SWR meter

12. Versatile frequency control

2. INSTALLATION

2-2-1. Interconnection

Notes:

2-3-2. Power supply connection Cautions:

2-2-4. Key connection

2-3. MOBILE

2-3-1. Mounting bracket installation

Notes:

3. OPERATION

3-1. OPERATING CONTROLS

3-1-1. Front panel

0 POWER switch

(2) Meter

MODE/KEY (Numeric Keypad)

Indicators

(^ Frequency display

(D FUNCTION switches

(j) MIC gain control

CAR (Carrier level) control

SQL (Squelch) control

(0) NOTCH control

(Q) IF SHIFT control

RF gain control

® RIT/XIT control

(Q) AF gain control

SELECTIVITY switch

(jj) AGC switch

® NOTCH switch

PROC (Processor) switch

(jj) F.LOCK switch

@ UP/DOWN switches

1 MHz step switch

@ TUNING dial (VFO)

@) Program keys

PHONES jack

MIC jack

@ AT TUNE switch

@ AUTO/THRU switch

Standby switch

@ ALC/PWR/SWR meter switch

@ ATT (Attenuator) switch

NB (Noise Blanker) switch

VOICE switch

(T) ACC 3 terminal

(2) AFSK IN terminal

AFSK OUT terminal

® ANTI VOX control

vox GAIN control

@ ACC 1 jack

(D EXT. SP (External speaker) jack

(9) DC power connector

KEY jack

(Q) ANT (Antenna) connector

® GND (Ground) terminal

@ ACC 2 jack

Internal wiring

3-1-3. Top cover

VOX/BREAK IN switch

(Q) REMOTE connector

3-2. RECEIVE

3-2-1. Initial setting

3-2-2. CW zero-beat operation Zero-beat operation with a station during CW mode

3-3. TRANSMIT

3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER

(The AT unit AT-440 is required for this function.)

3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's