sceiver. Please read this instruction manual carefully
before placing your transceiver in service. This unit has
been carefully engineered and manufactured to rigid
quality standards, and should give you satisfactory and
dependable operation for many years.
The following explicit definitions apply in this manual:
In addition to transmission and reception on all amateur
bands from 1.8 to 28 MHz, the TS-440S provides a
continuous tuning general coverage receiver with a
range of 100 kHz to 30 MHz.
3. Automatic antenna tuner
The optional, built-in automatic antenna tuner will oper
ate from 3.5 to 28 MHz.
4. All-mode operation
USB, LSB, CW, AM, FM, and AFSK modes are
provided.
5. 100% continuous duty transmit
Transmission at a 100% duty cycle is possible for rela
tively long durations (one hour or less) in any mode,
including FM and AFSK.
6. CW full break-in
Full break-in operation is possible in the CW mode.
Rapid transmit/receive switching also makes the radio
suitable for data communications in the SSB mode,
such as AMTOR.
7. Build-in XIT
XIT (Transmitter incremental tuning) allows fine tun
ing of the transmitter frequency.
8. Switchable IF bandwidth
The IF bandswitch allows you to tailor the receiver
bandwidth to the operating conditions. Several selec
tions are provided; AUTO, W (Wide), Ml (Medium 1),
M2 (Medium 2) and N (Narrow). When the AUTO po
sition has been selected the radio will select the opti
mum bandwidth for the selected mode of operation.
9. Switchable AGC time constant
A switch is provided to select either FAST or SLOW
AGC action.
10. All mode squelch
11. Built-in RF power/SWR meter
12. Versatile frequency control
• Accurate frequency selection is possible due to the
use of a single reference oscillator circuit.
• Continuous tuning of all frequencies thru the use of
digital VFO technology. The basic 10 Hz step tun
ing rate is modified, according to the selected mode,
for optimum tuning speed and accuracy. An auto
matic fast scan function is also provided.
• Dual, digital VFO's (A/B) enable crossband, cross
mode operation.
The PS-50 base station supply is needed for continu
ous transmission operation.
Key
a location where the rear does not make direct con
tact with the seat, and is not directly exposed to
vibration.
Avoid installing the equipment in front of the car
heater air outlet.
The standard operating voltage of the equipment
is 13.8 V. Do not operate below 12 V or over 16 V.
The transceiver can be elevated for operating con
venience.
1. A ground connection that is a 1/4 wavelength or
its multiple may provide a good DC ground, but it
will not provide a good RF ground.
2. A city water pipe cannot be used as a good earth
in some cases.
Making a good earth connection is important for
preventing dangers such as electric shock and for emit
ting a high quality signal with minimum spurious radi
ation. Bury a commercially available ground rod or
copper plate under the ground and connect it to the
GND terminal of the TS-440S. A thick wire, cut as
short as possible, should be used for the connection.
To make a good earth connection, connect the GND
terminal to a grounded metal water pipe.
Page 5
2-2-3. Antenna
Caution:
-------------
Protect your equipment —Use a LIGHTNING AR
RESTOR.
1. Turn POWER switch OFF before connecting/disconnecting the power cable.
2. Observe battery polarity.
Any of the common antenna systems designed for use
on the high frequency amateur bands may be used with
the TS-440S provided the input impedance of the
transmission line is not outside the capability of the Au
tomatic Antenna Tuner. The transmission line should
be coaxial cable. An antenna system which shows a
SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) of less than 1.5:1 when
using 50 ohm coaxial transmission line, or a system
that results in a transmission line input impedance that
is essentially resistive, and between 20 and 1 50 ohms
will take power from the transceiver through the AT
unit.
2-2-4. Key connection
Your key should be connected as illustrated in the
figure below. When using an electronic keyer, make
sure that polarity is set for positive. Always use shield
ed line from the key to transceiver.
DC power cable
Red and white -fBlack and gray -
3. When charging your vehicle battery, or when jumpstarting a dead battery, ALWAYS disconnect the
power cable from the back of the transceiver, or
damage may result to the transceiver.
Connect the TS-440S power cable to the battery ter
minals, with consideration to current requirements and
noise prevention. The maximum current drawn by the
TS-440S reaches between 18 and 20A when trans
mitting. Therefore, the cable should be made as short
as possible, using the specified fuse. Also, confirm that
the power system of the car (including the battery and
generator or alternator) will handle the increased load
of the TS-440S.
2-3. MOBILE
Being compact in design, this transceiver is ideal for
mobile operation. Satisfactory mobile operation is
achieved through proper power and antenna connec
tion, and thoughtful transceiver installation and ad
justment.
2-3-1. Mounting bracket installation
Secure the TS-440S under the dashboard using an op
tional MB-430 mounting bracket. As an alternative, use
strapping, making sure that the TS-440S will not slip
out of place while operating the vehicle.
1. Do not install the TS-440S near the heater outlet.
2. Allow sufficient space behind the TS-440S to en
sure proper ventilation.
12V Battery
Fuse should be as close to the battery
terminal as possible.
Page 6
Diock battery accsition. 20A mini-
9-
rt as possible. TS-440S
Page 7
3. OPERATION
3-1. OPERATING CONTROLS
3-1-1. Front panel
0 POWER switch
Press to turn the power ON or OFF.
(2) Meter
During receive the meter is used as an S-meter. Dur
ing transmit the function of the meter is controlled by
the Meter switch , and provides either ALC level,
PWR (power) or SWR readings.
MODE/KEY (Numeric Keypad)
These keys are used to select the desired mode of oper
ation (USB, LSB, CW, AM, FM, AFSK). When program
ming a memory channel or directly entering a frequency
these keys are used as a numeric keypad to enter the
channel number or frequency.
Indicators
AT TUNE: Lights when the AT TUNE switch is ON.
Turns itself OFF when the antenna tuner
has completed tuning.
NOTCH: Lights when the NOTCH switch is ON.
F.LOCK: Lights when the F.LOCK switch is ON.
1 MHz: Lights when the 1 MHz step switch is ON.
M.SCR: Lights when the M.IN switch is pressed.
When the memory scroll function is active
you can review the contents of the
memory channels without a break in the
reception of the station you are listening
to.
ON AIR: Lights during transmit.
(^ Frequency display
The operating frequency is displayed down to the
nearest 100 Hz. Also displays the memory channel
number, RIT/XIT frequency, and includes indicators for
memory, VFO A/B, scan, split and RIT/XIT operations.
(D FUNCTION switches
The switches included in this group are the RIT/XIT,
T-F SET switch, and the VFO select switches. (See
page 15.)
(j) MIC gain control
Microphone gain can be adjusted during USB, LSB,
AFSK and AM operations. Gain is increased thru clock
wise rotation of this control.
CAR (Carrier level) control
This control sets the carrier level during CW, FM and
AM operations. When transmitting in the CW mode,
adjust so that the ALC meter pointer is within the ALC
zone.
SQL (Squelch) control
This function operates in all modes, FM, USB, LSB,
CW, AFSK, and AM.
This control is used to eliminate atmospheric noise, and
receiver static noise during no signal periods. Slowly
rotate the control clockwise to the point where the am
bient noise just disapears, and speaker shuts off. This
point is known as the squelch threshold point. Now you
will only hear output from the speaker when an incomming signal is present. For weak signal reception this
control should be fully counterclockwise.
The squelch threshold position will vary from mode to
mode, so you may have to readjust when you change
modes.
(0) NOTCH control
The NOTCH function is used to reduce or eliminate het
erodyne, or CW type signals. The NOTCH filter will not
be effective against SSB, AM or FM type signals. To
use the control, place the NOTCH switch ON and slow
ly rotate the NOTCH control to reduce the interference.
Normally the notch point will occur between the 11:00
and 1:00 o'clock position.
1. The NOTCH frequency can be varied within a range
of approximately 400 to 2600 Hz.
2. When an interfering signal such as a CW station
appears, slowly rotate the NOTCH control. If you
rotate the knob too quickly you may pass right over
the notch point. Slow rotation will yield the best
results.
The IF SHIFT control does not function in the AM or
FM modes.
The IF SHIFT control allows you to shift the IF pass-
band of the receiver without changing the actual center
frequency of the receiver. This control is useful when
there is interference near your center frequency. As the
accompanying illustration shows rotating this control
may place the interfering signal outside the receiver
passband, allowing for easier copy. The operation of
this control in the USB, LSB, AFSK, and CW modes
is detailed below.
• USB mode
Interference from lower frequencies can be reduced
or eliminated by rotating the IF SHIFT control in the
0 direction. This will cause the resulting audio fre
quencies to have a slightly treble response, i.e.low
cut filter (low frequencies attenuated). Interference
from higher frequencies can be reduced or eliminat
ed by rotating the IF SHIFT control in the 0 direc
tion. This will cause the resulting audio frequencies
to sound a little bassy, i.e.high cut filter (high fre
quencies attenuated).
• LSB/AFSK mode
Interference from lower frequencies can be reduced
or eliminated by rotating the IF SHIFT control in the
0 direction. This will cause the resulting audio fre
quencies to sound a little bassy, just the opposite
of the effect in the USB mode. Interference from
higher frequencies can be reduced or eliminated by
Page 9
rotating the IF SHIFT control in the Q direction.
This will cause the resulting audio frequencies to ap
pear a little on the high side, again just the opposite
of the USB mode.
CW mode
The operation of the IF SHIFT control is similar to
that for USB with the exception that you can con
trol the tone of the CW note by using the RIT
control.
VFO
1 u n I~l n n
1 /. u u u. u
1 D O O n n
t -I. 1 1 1. 1
s
1 D O O n n
1 -1. 1 1 ~l. ~l
1 D O O n n
1 -1. 1 1 1. i
RIT
0
9
0.D
-0.0
0
1
s
1
0
-00
-0 /
9
0
Turned in ^direction
Turn in Qdirection
to eliminate inter
ference from signal
Turned in ^direction
IF SHIFT operation
Turn in ^direction
to eliminate inter
ference from signal
K-
1 D O O O n
1 J. 1 1 l.u
s
XIT control
When the RIT/XIT control is rotated with the XIT
switch depressed the transmit frequency can be
varied
+/-^.2 kHz without affecting the receiver
frequency.
Pressing the switch again releases the XIT function.
9
-0 /
1
s
RF gain control
This control adjusts the gain of the receiver highfrequency amplifier section.
For normal receiver performance, and maximum gain,
this control should be in the full clockwise position. If
you are having trouble copying the desired signal make
a note of the stations peak S-meter reading. Then, ad
just the RF control counterclockwise, so that the meter
needle is stationary at this level. Now, all signals that
were less than the desired signal will be attenuated,
such as static noise, etc., making the completion of
the QSO easier.
® RIT/XIT control
• RIT control
When the transmit frequency of the distant station
drifts a little bit during the QSO, but you do not wish
to alter your transmit frequency to compensate, you
may wish to make use of the RIT control function.
This control allows shifting the receive frequency
without shifting the transmit frequency. The RIT
control allows you to shift the receiver frequency
+ /- 1.2 kHz. This control is also useful for pileups
when the DX station is transmitting a little above
or below his receive frequency.
1. The RIT offset is displayed on the main display. You
can therefore preset the offset before you actually
need to use it. When you move to another station
make sure you turn OFF the RIT switch.
2. The figure at the right illustrates that the RIT dis
play and the VFO display may not agree exactly in
all instances since the RIT and VFO tune in 10 Hz
steps. The normal resolution of the VFO is 100 Hz,
so if the RIT or VFO is turned slowly the associat
ed display may not update immediately. You will
have to tune 100 Hz to see the display actually
change.
If the incoming signal pegs the S-meter you can also
reduce the receiver gain by counterclockwise rotation
of the RF control. The S-meter pointer will always ad
vance up-scale as the RF control is rotated counter
clockwise, as a visual reminder that the gain of the
radio has been reduced.
(Q) AF gain control
Turn the inside knob to increase or decrease the
volume.
SELECTIVITY switch
When an optional filter is installed, the radio's passband can be switched to one of four different bandwidths.
The switch has five positions; AUTO, N, M1, M2 and
W, that are used to select the bandwidth. The M1, and
N positions are not active until the optional filters are
installed, see the accompanying chart. This switch
should normally be set to the AUTO position. The IF
bandwidth will then be selected for optimum receiver
characteristics, according to the MODE that has been
selected. Manual override is possible by simple rota
tion of the SELECTIVITY control.
Page 10
The table in section 6-1, CRYSTAL FILTER INSTAL
LATION on page 27 shows the bandwidth of each
switch setting. Note the differences when the option
al filters are installed. The YK-88C is used in the "N”
position and the YK-88SN in the "Ml" position.
1. During transmit the wide filter position is selected
regardless of the position of the SELECTIVITY
switch.
2. When in the FM mode the bandwidth is always 1 5
kHz, regardless of the position of the SELECTIVI
TY switch.
3. When the SELECTIVITY switch is set to N or Ml,
and no optional filters have been installed, there will
be no sound from the speaker. Refer to the option
al filter installation procedure in the rear of this
manual for information on installation of these
options.
(jj) AGC switch
This switch selects the operating time constant of the
AGC (Automatic Gain Control) circuit during receive.
When the AGC switch is set to SLOW, the receiver
gain and S-meter readings will react slowly to large in
put changes, and when set to FAST, the receiver gain
and S-meter will react quickly to changes in the input
signal level.
The normal position when using all modes is the SLOW
position. When working weak signals, or high speed
When this switch is ON, the notch filter is activated.
PROC (Processor) switch
Effective transmit power output will increase when the
PROC switch is turned ON during USB, LSB, AFSK, or
FM mode operations.
Note: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------When the speech processor function is used in the
USB, LSB, or AFSK mode it is possible to overdrive the
transmitter: An easy way to check for excessive modu
lation is to monitor the ALC meter. If the needle is over
the ALC zone you are overmodulating. Reduce the MIC
gain control setting until the needle remains in the ALC
zone on voice peaks.
(jj) F.LOCK switch
The selected dial frequency is locked and cannot be
changed except thru the use of the RIT/XIT controls,
when this switch is ON.
@ UP/DOWN switches
Pressing the UP switch increases the frequency, and
pressing the DOWN switch decreases it.
1 MHz step switch
This switch is used to determine if the UP/DOWN
switches will function in 1 MHz steps or only thru the
amateur bands. When the 1 MHz step position is
selected, the 1 MHz indicator will light.
@ TUNING dial (VFO)
Rotate the knob to select the desired frequency. Fast
tuning is possible by rotating the knob rapidly. This con
trol may also be used to select the desired memory
channel. The dial drag is adjustable by holding the out
side knob and turning the inside knob clockwise to in
crease drag, and counterclockwise to decrease drag.
@) Program keys
M^V: Used to recall a frequency from memory
to the VFO.
SCAN: Pressing during VFO operation will initiate
program scan, and pressing during memory
operation will initiate memory scan. Press
ing during scan operation will cause the
scan speed to toggle between 2 speeds,
fast and slow.
CLEAR: Used to cancel memory storage operations,
or to cancel an entry during direct keyboard
entry of frequency using the ENT key.
VFO/M: Used to switch between memory or VFO
operations.
M.IN: Used to enter data into a memory channel.
ENT: Used to directly enter a frequency from the
numeric keypad.
PHONES jack
Output terminal for headphones.
MIC jack
Connector for a microphone.
MIC connector (Front view)
@ AT TUNE switch
When this switch is turned ON with the AUTO/THRU
switch is placed in the AUTO position, the automatic
tuner will be engaged and the tuner will try to match
the antenna.
@ AUTO/THRU switch
AUTO: The auto antenna tuner is used in
transmit.
THRU: The auto antenna tuner is not used in
transmit.
8
Page 11
Standby switch
This switch is used when you want to manually con
trol transmit or receive.
SEND: Places the radio into transmit.
REC: Places the radio into receive.
The Standby switch is also used to clear an entry dur
ing direct entry of VFO frequencies, or when entering
a memory channel.
@ ALC/PWR/SWR meter switch
ALC meter
Used to monitor the drive level in USB, LSB, and AFSK
modes.
PWR meter
Used to indicate the output power. Note that this meter
is a peak reading meter, not an average reading meter.
SWR meter
Used to indicate the Standing Wave Ratio of the an
tenna and feedline connected to the ANT connector
when the AUTO/THRU switch is in the THRU position.
@ ATT (Attenuator) switch
The incoming receive signal level is attenuated by ap
proximately 20 dB when this switch is activated.
When the incoming receive signal is very strong (20
dB over S-9), the signal should be attenuated to pre
vent distortion of the signal, thereby stabilizing the
receiver performance. This is easily done by activat
ing the ATT switch. This control is also useful when
a strong signal is near your desired signal, while some
loss will occur to the desired signal as well as the un
desired signal, the use of the attenuator will sometimes
allow you to complete the QSO.
NB (Noise Blanker) switch
When pulsating noise, such as that caused by automo
bile ignitions is encountered, place the NB switch ON.
This will provide approximately 40 dB's of attenuation
to this interfering signal. If there is no noise present,
the switch should be in the OFF position. This switch
will not help to eliminate atmospheric or line noises,
only pulse type noise.
VOICE switch
When the optional VS-1 voice synthesizer unit is in
stalled the operating frequency will announced
whenever the VOICE switch is depressed. For a dial
frequency of 14.200.0 the frequency will be an
nounced as: "one", "four", "point", "two", "zero",
"zero", "zero", "zero".
Please refer to page 28 for installation instructions con
cerning the VS-1 Voice Synthesizer.
Page 12
3-1-2. -Rear panel
(T) ACC 3 terminal
Spare RCA type terminal. No internal connections have
been made.
(2) AFSK IN terminal
AFSK input terminal.
AFSK OUT terminal
Constant level AF output terminal for AFSK operation.
® ANTI VOX control
VOX operations are sometimes difficult with high
speaker volume control settings. The ANTI VOX con
trol is used to reduce the tendency of the VOX to acti
vate from inputs from the speaker. The ANTI VOX
control is not active when headphones are connect
ed, for obvious reasons!
-ANTI
vox GAIN control
This control adjusts the sensitivity of the VOX ampli
fier. Adjust this control for your personal preference.
vox GAIN
@ ACC 1 jack
This jack is designed for connection of the 6-pin DIN
connector supplied with the optional interface unit.
(D EXT. SP (External speaker) jack
This jack is for connection of an external speaker.
(9) DC power connector
This is used to connect the DC power supply.
KEY jack
Using shielded line, connect a 1/4" phone plug to this
jack for CW operation. Open-terminal voltage is approx
imately 5.5 VDC.
® DELAY control
This control adjusts the "hang-time” that the radio will
remain keyed after voice input has stopped.
DELAY
10
(Q) ANT (Antenna) connector
This UHF connector should be attached to a suitable
antenna for transmitting and receiving. The antenna ca
ble should be 50-ohm coax, terminated with a PL-259
connector.
® GND (Ground) terminal
To prevent electric shock, as well as RFI and BCI, con
nect the transceiver to a good earth ground.
Page 13
@ ACC 2 jack
Terminal numbers and their applications are as follows:
View from the
rear panel.
Internal wiring
View from cord
7. . ^ 6
3-1-3. Top cover
CW OFF SEMI FULL
13-pin DIN plug
Pin No.
1
2NC
3
4
10NC
11
12GNDGrounding (The shielded wire of the
13
Pin Name
NC
Data outputOutput level is fixed regardless of the
GND
5NC
6
NC
7
NC
8GND
9
MIC mute
Data input
StandbyStandby terminal
No connection
No connection
AF control setting.
Output voltage:
300 mV or more at maximum re
ceiving input with 4.7 kQ load.
Grounding (The shielded wire of the
audio output terminal is connected
here.)
No connection
No connection
No connection
Grounding
Signal input from the MIC jack is mut
ed. Grounding mutes signal.
No connection
Input terminal for data communica
tion. In SSB, MIC gain can be con
trolled by the MIC control.
Input voltage:
500 mV or less
(SSB: Voltage starts deflecting ALC.
FM: Voltage providing ±3.0 kHz
modulation ratio.)
audio input is connected here.)
Grounding transmits.
Application
VOX OFF ON
VOX/BREAK IN switch
VOX (Voice Operated Switch) operation is possible in
LSB, USB, FM or AFSK mode operations. To activate
the VOX circuitry place the VOX switch ON.
This control is also used to select either Full or Semi
When the control relay is used refer to section 5-8-10.
+ 12 VDC ON transmit
max. 10 mA.
From standby switch
(PTT circuit for foot switch)
GND
ALC input
Speaker output
T
-Ar
Control relay
11
Page 14
3-2. RECEIVE
SQL control:
Fully counterclockwise.
RF gain control:
, Fully clockwise.
AF gain control:
Fully counter
clockwise.
3-2-1. Initial setting
1. Preset the controls as shown in the accompanying
illustration above.
2. Place the POWER switch to ON. (During fixedstation operation you must first turn ON your DC
power supply, the PS-50 is recommended.)
3. The meter will illuminate and a frequency will ap
pear in the display.
4. Set the BAND switches for the desired band. If you
desire to tune a frequency other than one of the
amateur radio frequencies, place the 1 MHz switch
ON. With the 1 MHz switch ON the UP/DOWN
switches will advance the frequency in 1 MHz
steps, rather than thru the amateur radio bands.
5. Select the desired MODE using one of the mode
switches.
1. By international convention amateur radio fre
quencies below 10 MHz utilize the LSB (Lower
Sideband) mode, and frequencies of 10 MHz
and above use USB (Upper Sideband).
2. The TS-440S automatically selects the normal
mode for you. The exact changeover point is
9.5 MHz. You can override this selection by
pressing the desired mode switch.
3-2-2. CW zero-beat operation
Zero-beat operation with a station during CW mode
operation
1. Set the RIT/XIT switches to OFF.
2. When an optional filter is not used, tune the TUN
ING dial so that the receive beat frequency is ap
proximately 800 Hz. You can check this by turning
the VOX OFF, and then closing your CW key. Then
by using the sidetone oscillator, and the incoming
receive signal you can zero-beat by turning the
TUNING dial until the two tones are the same fre
quency.
3. When the YK-88C filter is used the simplest method
to use is to adjust the TUNING dial for a maximum
S-meter deflection.
Reception at the desired pitch after zero-beat
operation.
1. After zero-beating turn the RIT switch ON, and ad
just the RIT control for the desired pitch.
2. Adjust the IF SHIFT control for the strongest sig
nal level.
6. Adjust the AF gain control for the desired volume.
7. Slowly rotate the TUNING dial until the desired sig
nal can be heard clearly.
8. The desired receive frequency can also be entered
directly by using the numeric keypad. For details
of this operation please refer to the “Direct key
board frequency entry" section on page 13.
12
Your frequency
Receiver carrier frequency
(BFO) 1
Tuning for CW Operation
Displayed frequency
1
Transmit-Receive frequency
(Displayed frequency)
1
1
800Hz
Beat note
Page 15
3-2-3. Direct keyboard frequency entry
Direct keyboard entry of the frequency is possible us
ing the numeric keypad on the TS-440S. This allows
rapid changes in frequency without the delays encoun
tered when using other tuning methods.
1. Select the VFO mode.
2. Press the ENT key. The display will indicate
3. Enter the desired operating frequency from Most
Significant Digit to the Least Significant Digit. You
do not have to enter trailing zeros, but you must
enter a leading zero for frequencies between 1 and
3.99999 MHz or two leading zeros for frequencies
between 0.1 and 0.99999 MHz. (03.500.00 MHz).
A VFO
D C
_/. _/
4. After the last digit has been entered press the ENT
key again to signify you want the radio to change
frequency. If you entered the frequency down to
the nearest 10 Hz a beep will sound and the radio
will automatically change to the new frequency
without the need of pressing the ENT key for the
second time.
3-2-4. AM reception
There are cases during AM broadcast reception, where
interference in noticeable when SELECTIVITY is W, but
the intelligibility is poor with the radio in the M2 posi
tion, due to a lack of high frequency response. If this
condition occurs place the SELECTIVITY switch to M2
and rotate the TUNING dial +/- 1 kHz from the center
frequency. It should be possible to find a point where
the interference will be a little greater, intelligibility
should be improved.
Another method utilizes the execellent receiver stabil
ity of the TS-440S by selecting USB or LSB and tun
ing to one of the sidebands of the AM signal. The only
disadvantage to this method is that a 5 Hz beat tone
might be detected along with the desired receive signal.
3-3. TRANSMIT
3-3-1. SSB (USB, LSB) mode
1. Set the MODE keys to USB or LSB. By internation
al convention frequencies below 10 MHz utilize the
LSB (Lower Sideband) mode, and frequencies
above 10 MHz use USB (Upper Sideband). The ac
tual switchover point on the TS-440S is 9.5 MHz.
The TS-440S will select the proper mode when you
tune to the desired frequency. You can override this
Adjustment using the ALC meter provides greater ac
curacy than if you try and use the power meter for ad
justment. Never adjust for ALC deflection above the
ALC zone, as this will cause distortion of the transmit
Set MODE keys to CW and set the Meter switch to
ALC.
ALC PWR SWR
^ 1 /---------
in
Placing the Standby switch to send and depressing the
CW key will cause the radio to transmit.
Transmission is also possible when in the SEMI or FULL
break-in mode by simply depressing the key, with the
Standby switch in the REC position.
Adjust the CAR control until the meter deflection is
within the ALC zone.
7 9 20 40 60
s \ \ N V \ \ \ \ i l / / / / / A
PWR 0 1
SWR1 1.5
ALC zone
• SEMI and FULL break-in
Two break-in methods are provided with the TS-440S
transceiver, SEMI and FULL break-in. With either break-
in operation depressing the CW key will cause the ra
dio to transmit without the need for manually switch
ing the SEND/REC switch. The difference between
FULL and SEMI break-in is that during FULL break-in
operation it is possible to listen between dots and dash
es, and that during SEMI break-in it is not.
With either SEMI or FULL break-in operation, cross
band/cross mode operation is not possible. Addition
ally, when you are using FULL break-in operation you
should not work cross band splits, only in the same
band.
The TS-440S also provides a side-tone oscillator cir
cuit to allow monitoring of your CW signal during trans
mission.
(a) Semi-automatic break-in
Depressing the CW key will automatically place the
transceiver into the transmit mode. Transmit mode
will be maintained for a period determined by the
setting of the VOX DELAY control on the rear panel
of the transceiver, even after the CW key is
released.
1—rjnin—T7"
50 100 150 W
5 10 00
(b)
Full-automatic break-in
Depressing the CW key will automatically place the
transceiver into the transmit mode. Releasing the
CW key will return the radio to receive immediately
enabling reception between characters.
The TL-922A/922 linear amplifer is not designed
for full break-in type operation. Attempting to use
this accessory in the FULL break-in mode cause
damage to occur to the linear amplifier.
CW OFF SEMI FULL
VOX OFF
On occasion an electronic keyer may be used that
has no method of producing a continuous trans
mit condition. In order to obtain a continuous car
rier for tuning simply place the Standby switch to
the SEND position.
3-3-3. FM mode
Select the desired frequency within the 28 MHz
amateur radio band. Place the MODE key to FM and
the Meter switch to ALC.
ALC PWR SWR
\ I
ZEL
Press the microphone PTT switch or place the Stand
by switch to SEND.
Adjust the CAR control until the meter deflection is
within the ALC zone. This will provide full power in the
FM mode.
To decrease the power, place the Meter switch to PWR
and while observing the meter rotate the CAR control
counterclockwise until the desired output level is ob
1. The FM power output may fluctuate if running less
than full output.
2. Ensure that an antenna with a low SWR is used.
The TS-440S provides several protection circuits,
continually loading into an antenna with a high SWR
(3 to 1 or greater) will eventually cause damage to
the final amplifiers.
3. The PWR meter reading may not be accurate with
high SWR values. Use a good antenna for the most
accurate readings.
1 i / / / / / /dB
V 1
\+aLC
Ì II II// 1 /
50 100 150 W
3 5 10 00
14
Page 17
• Subaudible tone
An optional subaudible tone unit TU-8 is available for
installation in the TS-440S for accessing 10 meter FM
repeaters. This tone is activated whenever the
TS-440S is in the SPLIT mode.
3-3-4. AM mode
1. Set the Meter switch to PWR.
2. Set the MODE key to AM.
3. Place the Standby switch to SEND.
4. Adjust the CAR control so that the meter indicates
25 watts.
5. Place the Meter switch to ALC.
6. Adjust the MIC gain control so that the meter
deflection does not exceed ALC zone on voice
peaks.
3-5-1. Why two VFO's
Occasionally DX stations will utilize an operational
procedure known as split frequency operation. When
the DX station is in this mode he will be transmitting
on one frequency and receiving on another. This is
done in order for the DX station to be able to recog
nize the calls of stations during pile-ups.
Older transceivers required the use of an external VFO
to allow this split frequency operation. The TS-440S,
thru the use of microprocessor controls, effectively pro
vides two separate VFOs in the same package. Several
different controls and switches have been provided to
increase the operators convenience when faced with
this type of operation. The use of these controls is dis
cussed below.
3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER
(The AT unit AT-440 is required for
this function.)
The automatic antenna tuner operates within the
amateur radio bands from 3.5 thru 29.7 MFIz.
1. Ensure that an antenna designed for use within the
band you intend to operate on is properly connect
ed to the antenna terminal.
2. Set the AUTO/THRU switch to the AUTO position.
3. Place the AT TUNE switch to the ON position. The
AT TUNE indicator will light and the tuner will be
gin tuning. Then the CW mode indicator will light.
4. After a short period the AT TUNE indicator will go
OFF and the motors will stop turning.
5. Place the AT TUNE switch to OFF.
6 . Tuning is now completed. You may now carry out
1. When the AT TUNE switch is ON and the AT indi
cator lights but then goes out immediately it is an
indication that the antenna was not that far off
resonance and that tuning has been completed.
2 . Normal operation is not possible until the AT TUNE
switch has been turned OFF.
3 . If the motors do not stop turning after approximately
30 seconds, place the AT TUNE switch to OFF, and
then back to ON again. The tuner will attempt to
tune again, and should find a good match. If the
tuner will not stop after several tries it indicates
some problem exists with the antenna system.
Readjust the antenna and feedline before attempt
ing to tune again.
3-5-2. Split frequency
(a) A = B switch
Depressing this switch causes the data contained
in the inactive VFO (the VFO that is not currently
being displayed) to change to the same data con
tained in the active VFO (the one currently dis
played). Both the frequency and mode are
changed.
For example: VFO A is set at 7 MHz in LSB, and
VFO B is 21 MHz in USB. VFO A is the active VFO
(show on the display). Depressing the A = B switch
will cause VFO B to change to 7 MHz in LSB.
(b) A/B switch
Allows selection of the desired active VFO. Each
time this switch is depressed the active VFO will
alternate between VFO A and VFO B.
(c) SPLIT switch
Allows the use of one VFO for transmit, and the
other for receive (Split Frequency operation). For
example: VFO A is the active VFO, and VFO B is
the inactive VFO. Depressing the SPLIT switch will
cause the TS-440S to receive on VFO A and trans
mit on VFO B. The mode of reception and trans
mission will follow the mode contained in the
appropriate VFO memory. It is possible to work
cross band, cross mode if desired.
To avoid confusion during contest, or pile-up oper
ations we recommend using VFO A for receive and
VFO B for transmit.
(d) T-F SET switch
Depressing this switch will allow you to rapidly set
or check the transmit frequency, during SPLIT
operations, without the need of actually trans
mitting.
3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's
Operational convenience can be enhanced thru the use
of both VFO A and VFO B.
This switch is especially convenient when you are
trying to locate the transmit frequency of the sta
tion currently in contact with the DX station, since
15
Page 18
depressing this switch allows you to receive on the
transmit frequency as long as the switch is held
depressed. The TUNING dial is active when this
switch is depressed, so it is easy to change your
transmitter frequency at the same time, if neces
sary. Releasing the switch will return you to the
original receive frequency.
3-6. MEMORY
The TS-440S incorporates a convenient 100 channel
memory that can be used to store and recall common
ly used frequencies. These channels can be subdivid
ed into 10 user-defined groups to tailor the TS-440S
for optimum operation in a particular application. You
can, for instance, assign channels 10 through 19 to
the 160 meter band, channels 20 through 29 to the
80 meter band, channels 30 through 39 to the 40
meter band (LSB), channels 40 through 49 to the 20
meter band (USB), channels 50 through 59 to the 1 5
meter band, channels 60 to 69 to the 10 meter band
(FM), channels 70 through 79 to the 12 meter band,
and channels 80 through 89 to various shortwave
bands. Channels 90 through 99 could then be assigned
as split frequency channels. After completing channel
assignments, you can then use the convenient memory
scan function to automatically recall the stored fre
quencies on a group basis.
b. Enter a two digit channel number using the nu
meric keypad, being sure to include the leading
zero for channels 00 through 09. Pressing the
CLEAR key or the standby switch before press
ing the second digit will return you to the origi
nal channel.
A VFO
1 U 1
/ /. /
1 J.U
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c. Use the UP/DOWN switches and/or microphone
UP/DOWN switches to scroll thru the different
memory positions.
5. When the desired memory channel is displayed,
press the M.IN key again. The current frequency
and mode will be stored, the scroll mode will be
cancelled, and the TS-440S will return to the oper
ating mode and frequency that was displayed be
fore the M.IN key was pressed initially. Note that
if RIT was selected prior to step 2, the actual fre
quency stored will be the indicated frequency plus
or minus the RIT variable.
3-6-2. Transferring memory information to the VFO.
1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode.
3-6-1. Memory Entry
1. With the TS-440S in the VFO mode, select the
desired operating frequency and mode as described
in previous sections.
A VFO
' U 1
1 /. /
c n
1 J.U
2. Press the M.IN switch. The radio will enter the
Memory Scroll (M.SCR) mode. The current memory
channel number (M.CH), frequency and mode will
be displayed, but the actual operating frequency
and mode will remain unchanged allowing uninter
rupted reception.
n n
u u
3. Select the desired memory channel using one of the
three methods described below,
a. Turn the TUNING dial until the desired channel
number is displayed (One revolution of the dial
cover about 10 channels).
I U / “7 C n
<_ -I
I I. I I J.IJ
2. Select a channel using any of the methods dis
cussed under the Memory Entry section.
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/_ /_/.
u u u. u
Press the M^V key. The stored data will be trans
ferred to the active VFO allowing you to begin tun
ing from that point. The TS-440S automatically
returns to the VFO mode when the M^V key is
1. The RIT/XIT status will be copied from the memory
to the VFO when the M^V key is depressed.
2. When data is transferred from the split frequency
memory, the active VFO is loaded with the receive
data and the inactive VFO will be loaded with the
transmit data. The TS-440S will then automatical
ly enter the SPLIT mode.
3. This operation will not function if no data is con-
16
Page 19
tained in the displayed memory channel.
4. Data in the VFO is replaced by the memory data.
Memory data is not lost during this operation.
3-6-3. Transferring data between memory channels
1. With the TS-440S in the memory mode, press the
M.IN key and scroll to the channel that you want
the data to be transferred to.
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2. Select the desired memory channel using the
methods described under Memory Entry section.
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I -I.U
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u
Press the M.IN key. The frequency and mode of the
2.
memory channel that appeared before you pressed
the M.IN key will duplicated in the new channel.
* I t
3-6-4. Entering/Transferring data in the split fre
quency channels
Separate transmit and receive frequencies may be en
tered into memory channels 90 through 99. The proce
dure is similar to that given for the other channels with
the following exception:
1. The active VFO frequency and mode is stored in
the receive memory, and the inactive VFO frequen
cy and mode is stored in the transmit memory,
regardless of whether the SPLIT function is ON or
OFF.
2. The PIT offset is stored in the receive memory, and
the XIT offset in the transmit memory.
3. When data is transferred from the general memory
section into the split frequency memory section the
transmit and receive frequencies will be the same.
4. Only the receive memory will be transferred into
general memory during transfer operations from the
split memory area.
3-6-5. Clearing a memory channel
Two methods may be used to clear a memory
channel:
1. M.IN switch
Transferring information from a vacant channel, i.e. one
that has no stored information, thru the use of the M.IN
switch, as described previously in section 3-6-1 is one
method of "clearing” a memory channel.
2. ENT switch
Data may also be erased by depressing the ENT key
while depressing the CLEAR key.
3-6-6. Memory recall
Fixed channel type recall is possible when using the
VFO/M key to recall memory channel information. The
stored frequency cannot be changed, although the
RIT/XIT function is active.
1. Press the VFO/M key. The memory channel num
ber, mode, and stored frequency data will be dis
played. If a channel contains no data, only the
channel number will be displayed.
I U I
I U /
/ /. I
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I.
I
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I _/. /_/
3. To return to the VFO mode, press the VFO/M key
again.
switched from the VFO mode to the memory mode,
but will be restored when the TS-440S returns to
the VFO mode.
2. When the TS-440S is switched from the memory
mode to the VFO mode, the VFO will be set to the
RIT/XIT variable specified when the data was
programmed in to memory.
3-7. SCAN
3-7-1. Memory scan
Memory scan operates from memory channel 00 thru
memory channel 99 at approximately 3-4 second in
tervals, or you may specify which memory groups you
want to scan. Only these memory channels with data
entered are scanned.
To initiate memory scan of all memory channels
1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode.
2. Press the SCAN key. Scan will begin at memory
channel 00, or the lowest numbered channel con
taining data.
3. You can stop scanning by pressing the CLEAR or
microphone PTT switch. Pressing the PTT switch
will allow you to continue scanning from the point
that you stopped, and pressing the CLEAR key will
allow you to start scanning from the beginning.
4. To resume scan press the SCAN key again.
To initiate memory scan of specific memory channel
groups
1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode.
2. Press and hold the SCAN key.
3. You may specify which memory groups you want
to scan by depressing the key that corresponds to
the ten position of the memory channel group.
In example 1 we want to scan only Group 2, so we
would press the 2 key. In example 2 we want to scan
Group 1 and Group 2, so we would press the 1 key
and then the 2 key.
Example 1 Example 2
Group 2 Group 1 Group 2
СН20CH29
1
OHIO
1.......J
CHI 9 СИЗО
CH39
4. You can stop scanning, or resume scan using the
same methods described above for the entire
memory scan.
3-7-2. Program scan
Two programmable scan ranges are provided on the
TS-440S transceiver. PG.S-1 (Program Scan range 1)
utilizes memory channels 06 and 07 to specify the up
per and lower scan limits. PG.S-2 (Program Scan range
2) utilizes memory channels 08 and 09 to specify the
upper and lower scan limits.
Note: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------The TS-440S microprocessor remembers the various
scan parameters that you have specified and will fol
low whatever you have entered the next time you
press the SCAN key.
Example 1: Memory mode
Previously programmed memory scan
data was to scan channels 20-29 and
40-49.
To scan this same range again simply
press the SCAN key.
Example 2: VFO mode
Previously entered program scan data
was to scan both PG.S1 and PG.S2.
To initiate program scan over these two
ranges again simply press the SCAN key.
The TS-440S will continue to execute scan according
to the above parameters until you manually change the
information. This saves a lot of key strokes if you al
ways scan the same ranges, etc.
To initiate PG.S
1. Press the VFO/M key to select VFO operation.
2. Press and hold the SCAN key.
To initiate PG.S 1 press the 6 key, and then release
3.
both the 6 and the SCAN keys. Scan will begin on
the frequency programmed in memory channel
number 6 and proceed in 10 Hz steps to the upper
limit stored in memory channel 7, then return to
channel 6 and begin again.
PG.S-1
--------
1
CH6
14. 010. 00
cw.
-----
CH7
14. 100.00
4. To initiate PG.S 2 press the 8 key, and then release
both the 8 and the SCAN key. Scan will proceed
in the limits specified in memory channels 8 and
9, just as for PG.S 1.
I
-----
PG.S-2
---------
CH8 CH9
14.200.00 14.320.00
USB
T
1
If you want to scan both ranges PG.S 1 and PG.S
2, press the 6 and then the 8 key while holding the
SCAN key down, and then release the SCAN key.
Scan will proceed thru the limits in memory chan
nels 6 and 7, thru the limits in memory channels
8 and 9, and then return to begin the process again.
3-7-3. Scan speed
Two scan speeds are available with the TS-440S.
To change the speed press the SCAN key after you
have initiated scan. You will be able to toggle between
fast and slow each time you press the key.
Note: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------The scan step size depends upon the mode that has
been selected for SSB, CW and AFSK the step size is
10 Hz, for FM and AM the step size is 100 Hz.
3-7-4. Memory channel lockout
This transceiver has a memory channel lockout func
tion which allows you to temporarily skip unwanted
memory channels during memory scan.
1.
Press the VFO/M key to enter the memory mode.
2.
Select the memory channel that you want to skip
using the numeric keypad, the TUNING knob, or the
UP/DOWN microphone or BAND switches.
3.
Press the CLEAR switch.
M CH
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/
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4. A decimal point will appear in the M.CH display to
indicate that the channel will be skipped.
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CH6
T
-PG.S-1СН7
CH8
-H---
USB
PG.S-2
СН9
6. To stop scanning press the PTT switch, or the
CLEAR key. Pressing the SCAN key allows scan to
resume from the point you stopped.
18
To cancel the lockout, select the desired channel
and then press the CLEAR switch. The decimal
point will go out indicating that the channel will
again be scanned.
- I U I 1 U I I
c r# I I. I I J.U
Page 21
3-8. AFSK
3-8-1. Reception
Note:
---------------------
An RTTY terminal is required to receive and display/print the RTTY signal.
1. The AFSK mode utilizes the LSB carrier frequency,
which conforms to international conventions.
2. When the optional YK-88C filter is installed, the nor
mal receiver bandwidth is 500 Hz when the SELEC
TIVITY switch is set to the AUTO position, and the
MODE switch is in AFSK.
The accompanying diagram illustrates the relation
ship between the carrier and the passband width.
3. The demodulated AFSK signal is sent from the
AFSK OUT terminal on the rear panel.
4. This completes the preparation for using the AFSK
mode.
Before connecting the terminal you should review the
contents of the instruction manual provided with that
terminal unit.
AFSK IN
AFSK keying signal.
Monitor
display
RTTY device
AFSK receive signal
The figure below shows the frequencies relationship.
TS-440
AFSK OUT
2295Hz
of the TS-440S. (See page 11 for the REMOTE ter
minal pin configuration.)
3. Place the MODE key on the TS-440S to AFSK, and
the Meter switch to ALC.
4. To transmit, either place the SEND/REC switch on
the TS-440S to SEND, or use the PTT signal from
your terminal unit.
5. When using AFSK, you can also apply your trans
mit signal tones to pin number 1 of the microphone
connector, if you do not wish to use the two jacks
on the rear of the TS-440S. To adjust the power
output in AFSK, increase or decrease the MIC gain
control setting. A mid-scale ALC reading will yield
full power output.
1. AFSK operation requires terminal unit designed to
supply this type of operation. You cannot use FSK
tones with an AFSK jack!
2. The AFSK oscillator circuit should provide audio
tones of 2125 and 2295 Hz. Lower tones may
cause spurious output due to the higher harmonic
content present with these lower frequencies.
3. The TS-440S and RTTY terminal unit should use
separate power supplies, in order to prevent RFI
(Radio Frequency Interference).
4. During AFSK mode operation, the microphone
switch should be OFF or ground pin No. 9 of the
ACC 2 jack, or the microphone disconnected, if you
are using the AFSK jacks on the rear panel.
5. The AFSK input level should be less than 100 mV.
3-8-3. AMTOR operation
For AMTOR operation, you should reverse the transmit/receive input polarity on your AMTOR terminal,
since AFSK on the TS-440S operates in the LSB mode.
If you cannot reverse the polarity, you should select
the USB mode on the TS-440S.
During AMTOR operation, the microphone switch
should be OFF, or ground pin No. 9 of the ACC 2 jack,
or the microphone disconnected, if you are using AFSK
IN/OUT jacks on the rear panel.
3-8-2. Transmit
Note:
Key down periods of 1 hour will require a cool down
period of approximately 30 minutes. The PS-50
heavy-duty supply is recommended for continuous
duty transmission.
1. Ensure that your terminal is set up for AFSK type
keying.
2. Connect the terminal units AFSK output jack to
TS-440S AFSK IN jack, and the terminal unit's
AFSK input jack to the TS-440S AFSK OUT jack
on the rear panel of the transceiver. The terminal
units standby (PTT) terminal should be connected
to the standby terminal on the REMOTE connector
3-9. OPERATION WITH A LINEAR AMPLI
FIER
The TS-440S may be operated with any conventional
linear amplifier which will accept up to approximately
125 watts of RF drive, has a low current DC operated
keying circuit, and returns approximately -8 to -1
VDC ALC back to the exciter. Please note that in ord
er to operate full QSK (FULL break-in) the linear ampli
fier must also be QSK capable.
Refer to the REMOTE connector diagram on page 11
and section 5-8-10..
Initial linear amplifier tune-up should be performed with
the TS-440S set for approximately 50 watts output
to reduce wear and tear on both the linear, and the
TS-440S. Use of a dummy load is strongly recom
mended, since the bands are already sufficiently
crowded.
19
Page 22
4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
4-1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TS-440S utilizes double-conversion for FM trans
missions, and triple-conversion for all other transmis
sion modes, and for all modes in receive. The
intermediate frequencies are 45.05 MHz, 8.83 MHz
and 455 kHz.
A wide dynamic range is made possible thru the use
of 2SK125 junction FET's in the receiver section's 1 st
and 2nd mixers, and by a 3SK73 dual-gate MOS FET
in the 3rd mixer.
An integrated circuit balanced modulator (AN612) is
used in the 1st transmitter mixer and 2SK122's are
used in the 2nd and 3rd mixers. The PLL circuit, con
sisting of 5 loops, and the digital VFO are controlled
by a single reference oscillator circuit. IF SHIFT and 10
Hz tuning steps are provided thru the use of this
system.
4-2. TRANSMITTER SECTION
The incoming microphone audio is routed to the IF unit
where it is amplified by the microphone amplifier and
then distributed to the SSB, FM and VOX circuits. The
SSB signal is applied to the balanced modulator, then
amplified and converted to the 1st IF frequency of 455
kHz. This DSB (Double Side Band) signal is filtered to
obtain the SSB signal. The SSB signal is mixed with
the local oscillator frequency of 8.375 MHz in the 1st
mixer to obtain the 2nd IF signal of 8.83 MHz. This
signal is filterd by a CF (Ceramic Filter) to remove the
unwanted by-products of the mixing action. The
filtered output is applied to the RF unit.
In the RF unit the signal is mixed with the НЕТ OSC
frequency of 36.22 MHz by the 2nd mixer to obtain
a frequency of 45.05 MHz. This signal is combined
with the VCO signal in the 3rd mixer to obtain the
transmit frequency which is applied to the Final unit
via a LPF (Low Pass Filter). The Final unit amplifies the
signal to the desired power level and then routes the
signal thru an additional LPF to the antenna terminal,
or the Antenna Tuner, if installed.
4-3. RECEIVER SECTION
The incoming signal for the antenna is fed to the
receive band-pass filters in the RF unit, via a front panel
controlled attenuator circuit. Selection of the desired
BPF is accomplished thru data supplied from the Con
trol unit. Signals from the BPF are mixed with the VCO
signal in the 1 st RX mixer to obtain the 1 st IF frequen
cy of 45.05 MHz This signal is filtered by a MCF
(Monolithic Crystal Filter) and applied to the 2nd RX
mixer. This mixer combines the 1st IF frequency with
the НЕТ OSC frequency of 36.22 MHz to obtain the
2nd IF frequency of 8.83 MHz.
The 2nd IF frequency is split into two paths, one to
the noise blanker circuits, and the other past the noise
blanking gate to the 2nd IF filter. The signal that is
taken from the output of the 2nd IF filter is applied to
the 3rd RX mixer, via a buffer amplifier, where it is
mixed with the local oscillator frequency of 8.375
MHz, to obtain the 3rd IF frequency of 455 kHz.
This 3rd IF frequency is either amplified and then
demodulated by the FM detector 1C, for FM operation,
or applied to the 455 kHz filter. After filtering the sig
nal is amplified and applied either to the SSB or AM
detector circuits.
4-4. CIRCUIT BOARD DESCRIPTION
The TS-440S contains the following major units;
RF unit, IF unit. Control unit, PLL unit. Filter unit, AT
unit, etc. A brief description of these units follows.
4-4-1. RF unit (X44-1680-00)
The receive section of this unit includes the BPF's for
each band, the 1st RX mixer, a 45.05 MHz MCF, the
2nd RX mixer, noise blanker circuits, and an 8.83 MHz
MCF. The transmit section includes the 2nd TX mix
er, 3rd TX mixer, amplifier circuits, FM microphone am
plifier circuit, microphone limiter circuits, and four
VCO's required to cover the frequencies from 100 kHz
to 30 MHz.
4-4-2. IF unit (X60-1300-00)
The receive section of this unit contains the 8.83 MHz
filter, 3rd RX mixer, 455 kHz filter, detector, and low
frequency amplifiers. The transmit section contains the
er, 8.83 MHz filter, etc. This unit also includes the tim
ing circuit which controls the CW break-in circuit, and
the 8.375 MHz local oscillator circuit.
4-4-3. Control unit (X53-1450-00)
The unit is centered around the main microprocessor,
and provides a wide variety of control signals for all
the various units.
4-4-4. PLL unit (X50-2050-00)
Five PLL loops are provided, as well as the reference
crystal oscillator (36 MHz).
4-4-5. Final unit (X45-1470-00)
This unit amplifies the TX RF signal for transmission.
TS-440S has an output of 100 W. This is accomplished
by utilizing a three-stage final amplifier section having
a relatively low collector loss figure, and a high effi
ciency cooling system.
4-4-6. Filter unit (X51-1340-00)
Provides for a high quality transmitter output by reduc
ing unwanted harmonic emissions. This unit also de
tects the forward and reflected power sensing circuits
for ALC, SWR and Antenna Tuner circuits.
4-4-7. Automatic Antenna Tuner unit (X57-1150-00)
This unit consists of the tuner and control sections. The
tuner section consists of three coils and motor driven
variable capacitors which form the actual tuning cir
cuit. The control section takes the information provid
ed by the filter unit, as well as band and frequency data
provided by the RFunit to control the variable capaci
tors, and switching off the coil. The automatic anten
na tuner operates from 3.5 thru 29.7 MHz.
20
Page 23
5. MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT
5-1. GENERAL INFORMATION
Your transceiver has been factory aligned and tested
to specification before shipment. Under normal circum
stances the transceiver will operate in accordance with
these operating instructions. All adjustable trimmers
and coils in your transceiver were preset at the facto
ry and should only be readjusted by a qualified techni
cian with proper test equipment.
Attempting service or alignment without factory
authorization can void the transceiver's warranty.
When operated properly, the transceiver can give years
of service without requiring realignment. The informa
tion in this section gives some general service proce
dures which can be accomplished without
sophisticated test equipment.
5-2. SERVICE
Should it ever become necessary to return the equip
ment to your dealer or service center for repair, pack
in its original box and packing, and include a full
description of the problems involved. Also include your
telephone number. You need not return accessory
items unless directly related to the service problem.
You may return your radio for service to the Autho
rized TRIO-KENWOOD Dealer from whom you pur
chased it. A copy of the service report will be returned
with the unit. Please do not send sub-assemblies or
printed circuit boards. Send the complete unit, in its
original boxes and packing.
Tag all returned items with your name and call for iden
tification. Please mention the model and serial num
ber of your radio in any correspondence, whether
phone or written. For future reference, record this in
formation in the space provided on the back cover of
this manual.
Service note:---------------------------------------------------------------
Dear OM, if you desire to correspond on a technical
or operational problem, please make your note short,
complete, and to the point. And PLEASE make it
readable.
Please list: Model and serial number.
The question or problem you are having.
Please give sufficient detail to diagnose: other equip
ment in the station, meter readings and anything you
feel might be useful in attempting diagnosis.
1. Record the date of purchase, serial number and
dealer from whom purchased.
2. For your own information, retain a written record
of any maintenance performed on the unit.
3. When claiming warranty service, please include a
photocopy of the bill of sale, or other proof of pur
chase showing the date of sale.
5-3. CLEANING
The knobs, front panel and cabinet of the transceiver
are likely to become soiled after extended use. The
knobs should be removed from the transceiver and
cleaned with a neutral soap and warm water. Use a
neutral soap (not harsh chemicals) and damp cloth to
clean the cabinet and front panel.
5-4. IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY
The problems described in this table are failures caused
in general by improper operation or connection of the
RECEPTION
SymptomProbable cause
Indicators do not light and no receiver
noise is heard when the POWER
switch is turned on.
Nothing is displayed or wrong digits
are displayed when the POWER
switch is turned on.
No signal is received even when the
antenna is connected.
An antenna is connected, but no sig
nal is received and the S-meter fully
deflects.
1. Bad power cable or connections.
2. Blown power supply fuse.
3. Power supply is OFF.
The microprocessor malfunctions. This
occurs when the battery is old or the sup
ply voltage drops extremely on the occa
sion of consuming large current.
1. SQL control fully clockwise.
2. Microphone PTT switch is in the trans
mit position, and the TS440S is in the
transmit mode.
3. SELECTIVITY switch is set to "N" or
"Ml'' and no optional filter is installed.
RF control is too low, decreasing the high
frequency circuit gain.
transceiver, not by defective components. Examine
and check according to the following table. If the
problem persists, contact an authorized agent or serv
ice station.
Corrective action
1. Check cables and connections.
2. Check for the cause of the blown fuse
and replace the fuse.
1. Adjust the supply voltage to nominal
voltage ±10V with use of a boost
ing transformer.
Use a 12 to 16V battery.
2. Turn the POWER switch on again.
1. Turn the SQL control counter
clockwise.
2. Set the PTT switch to the receive
positon.
3. Ensure the SELECTIVITY switch is set
to either "AUTO", "M2", or "W"
Turn the RF gain control fully clockwise.
21
Page 24
Symptom
The S-meter deflects and stays at a
certain position even with no signal.
Signal is received, but no sound is
heard.
SSB received signal is extremely high
cut or low cut.
Frequency is not changed by pressing
the BAND switch or turning the tuning
control.
Program scan fails.
Memory scan fails.
Display goes out with VFO/M ON.When nothing is stored in the memory
1. Low AC line voltage.
2. RF gain control closed.
MODE key position is incorrect.
IF SHIFT control is wrong adjusted.
F. LOCK switch is ON.
Memory channel is 6 and 7 or 8 and 9 are
empty.
Memory is empty.
channel, a channel is displayed and
blanked with only the decimal point dis
played.
Probable cause
TRANSMISSION
Symptom
No output in SSB (RF and ALC meters
do not deflect.)
VOX does not operate.1. VOX GAIN control too low.
VOX trips by speaker output.
No output in CW
Linear amplifier does not key.
1. Open microphone cable or bad
microphone.
2. Low microphone gain.
2. ANTI VOX control requires ad
justment.
ANTI VOX control requires adjustment.
The key plug is incompletely inserted or
KEY contact failure.
1. Internal connector was not moved.
2. REMOTE connector is miswired, or has
a poor contact.
Probable cause
Corrective action
1. Use a step-up transformer to raise the
line voltage.
Use a 12 to 16V battery.
2. Turn the RF gain control fully
clockwise.
Change the MODE key to the correct
mode.
Set the control to the center (click po
sition).
Set F. LOCK switch to OFF.
Store the frequency.
Corrective action
1. Check the microphone.
2. Increase the MIC gain control.
See section 3-1-2, VOX GAIN control.
See section 3-1-2, ANTI VOX control.
1. Insert the key plug fully.
2. Turn the CAR control clockwise.
1. Move the connector as described in
section 5-8-10.
2. Correct wiring.
5-5. MICROPROCESSOR BACK-UP LITHIUM
BATTERY
A lithium battery is contained in the transceiver to retain
memory. Turning off and POWER switch, disconnec
ting the power cable, or a power failure will not erase
the memory. The battery should last for approximately
five years. When the battery discharges, an erroneous
display may appear in the display. Lithium battery
replacement should be performed by an authorized
KENWOOD service facility; either your KENWOOD
dealer, or the factory, since this unit contains CMOS
type circuitry.
1. When the lithium battery is replaced, the
microprocessor must be reset, using the procedure
in section 5-6.
2. When the lithium battery fails, the radio's microcoded functions are NOT affected. Only information
stored in memory will be cleared.
22
5-6. MICROPROCESSOR RESET
When the microprocessor has functioned erroneously
or when setting the transceiver in the initial state,
switch on the power with the A = B switch pressed.
The microprocessor can be easily reset. However, only
perform this operation when necessary since the con
tents of memory are cleared by resetting.
5-7. ORDERING SPARE PARTS
When ordering replacement or spare parts for your
equipment, be sure to specify the following:
Model and serial number of your transceiver. Schematic
number of the part. Printed circuit board number on
which the part is located, part number and name, if
known, and quantity desired. Part numbers for most
replacement parts is contained in the service manual
(available as an option from your dealer).
1. Before removing the cover, turn the DC power sup
ply's power switch OFF and disconnect the power
cable.
2. Do not pinch wiring when opening or closing cases.
Removing the covers
Remove the top cover (9 screws), filter unit cover (3
screws) and the bottom covers (8 screws) from radio.
5-8-2. Internal view
(A) Top view
Switch unit
PLL unit
VS-1 (option)
(B) Bottom view
Switch unit
Switch unit
Switch unit
Switch unit
Switch unit
Final unit
Filter unit
23
Page 26
5-8-3. Digital display calibration
1. Removing the top cover, filter unit cover and the
bottom covers from radio, and place the radio on
its side with the antenna tuner area down.
2. Remove the two screws that secure the rear of the
IF unit to the chassis and raise the IF unit up
towards the front panel. Connect the two pin end
of the supplied calibration cable to connector num
ber 8 on the PLL unit, as shown in the figure.
3. Connect the single pin end of the cable to the CAL
terminal pin that is located along the back edge of
the RF unit, near the large shielded area.
4. Connect your antenna and tune to WWV.
5. Using a small flat bladed screwdriver adjust trim
mer capacitor TCI, near connector 8 of the PLL
unit, for zero beat. Zero beat is the point where the
two audio tones are oscillating at the slowest rate.
5-8-4. Optional 10 Hz display resolution
If you would like 10 Hz resolution instead of the sup
plied 100 Hz display resolution, cut D66 as shown on
the Control unit.
1. Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio.
2. Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side)
that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently
pull the front panel forwards.
3. Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure
the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom)
to the front panel, and remove the shield plate.
4. Cut the lead of diode D66 located below the dip
1. When reassembling the radio make sure that you
do not cut or pinch any wires between the chassis
and front panel!
2. Do not alter the settings of the dip switch. They
are factory adjusted, and damage or misoperation
may result.
PLL unit
5-8-5. CW zero beat frequency selection
You may select between 800 Hz and 400 Hz zero beat
adjustments in the CW mode by cutting diode D73 on
the control unit.
1.
Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio.
2.
Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side)
that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently
pull the front panel forwards.
3.
Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure
the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom)
to the front panel, and remove the shield plate.
Cut the lead of diode D73 located below the dip
switch on the control unit.
1. When reassembling the radio make sure that
you do not cut or pinch any wires between the
chassis and front panel!
2. Do not alter the settings of the dip switch. They
are factory adjusted, and damage or misoperation may result.
5-8-8. Beep tone level
1. Remove the top cover.
2. Adjust VR-10 for your reference.
3. Replace the top cover.
5-8-7. Beep tone selection
The audio oscillator that provides the Morse Code sig
nal when you press a mode key may be changed to
provide only a single confirmation tone by cutting di
ode D65 on the Control unit.
1. Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio.
2. Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side)
that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently
pull the front panel forwards.
3.
Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure
the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom)
to the front panel, and remove the shield plate.
25
Page 28
5-8-9. TUNING dial torque
Turn the VFO knob while holding the silver ring. As the
VFO knob is turned clockwise, drag will be increased.
5-8-10. Linear amplifier control
As delivered from the factory, the external keying re
lay for control of a linear amplifier is disabled. If you
want to connect a linear amplifier connect the jumper
wire on the Switch unit to the ON terminal as shown
The control relay functions only when the jumper wire
on board X41 -1610-N/14 is connected to the ON po
sition.
Rear panel
26
Page 29
6. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
The following accessories are available for more
sophisticated operation of your transceiver.
6-1. CRYSTAL FILTER INSTALLATION
1. Remove the top cover from the radio. Be careful
of the speaker lead, which may be unplugged.
2. Remove the seven screws securing the IF unit to
the chassis.
3. Install the crystal filter in the appropriate location
on the IF unit. The SSB filter goes towards the
center and the CW filter towards the edge of the
board. Solder the filter in place, and cut off the ex
or less), and a high quality rosin core solder. Do not
use acid core solder as this will eventually cause
damage to the circuit board. Solder quickly, but en
sure that you have a good solder connection. If the
connection is dull, or looks crystalized you will have
to remove the solder and try again.
4. When installing the optional crystal filter, move the
white or blue lead, or both to the appropriate ter
minal as shown in the chart on page 28.
5. Replace the IF unit and secure with the seven
screws removed in step 2.
2. Remove the two screws on the rear of the IF unt
and raise the unit to allow access to the PLL unit.
3. Install the VS-1 in the area at the left rear of the 6.
PLL unit using the three screws provided with the
VS-1. 7.
4. Install the 3-pin plug on connector J01 and the 8.
8-pin plug on connector J02.
28
Select the desired language that you want with
switch S-1 on the VS-1. ENG for English, or JA for
Japanese.
Install the 4-pin plug on connector (3) 05 the IF
unit.
Reverse step 1 . — 2,
Turn on the power switch and press the VOICE
switch. The frequency will be announced. Adjust
VR-1 for the desired audio output level.
Page 31
Programming and recall of VFO A and VFO B fre
quency
MR (Memory Recall) and M.IN (Memory Input)
Microphone UP/DOWN frequency control disable
Control of the F.LOCK switch
Memory channel selection
MODE selection
Control of RIT/XIT
Selection of RIT/XIT frequency
Scan operation
Review of transceiver status
6-3-1. Installation
1. Remove the top and bottom covers from the radio.
2.
Remove the countersink screws (2 on each side)
that secure the front panel to the chassis and gently
pull the front panel forwards.
3.
Remove the 5 small round head screws that secure
the shield plate (2 on the top and 3 on the bottom)
to the front panel, and remove the shield plate.
Install the IC's into the vacant sockets on the Con
trol unit. Orientation of this component is critical
for proper operation of the radio, and interface.
Caution:
Install the IC's so that the notch in the end is on
Refer to the instruction manual provided with the IC-10
Interface 1C Kit.
29
Page 32
6-4. OTHER ACCESSORIES
■ PS-50 HEAVY DUTY DC POWER SUPPLY
Designed to match the TS-440S. Supplies regulated
13.8 VDC at 20 A with built-in cooling fan and pro
tection circuits for maximum relliability.
■ PS-430 DC POWER SUPPLY
The PS-430 is a regulated DC power supply with high
current capability. The output is 13.8 VDC/20 A (in
termittent). Since terminals for 13.8 VDC/10 A are also
provided, in addition to an output power cable for use
with the TS-440S, the PS-430 can be used as the pow
er source for another low power mobile transceiver
such as a 2-meter rig.
■ AT-440 automatic ANTENNA TUNER UNIT
The AT-440 Automatic Antenna Tuner unit can be in
stalled in the TS-440S. The tuner covers all amateur
bands from 80 through 10 meters, including the new
WARC bands. Matching capability is 20 to 1 50 ohms,
unbalanced.
■ AT-250 AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER
The AT-250 Automatic Antenna Tuner covers
through 10 meters bands.
160
■ MC-85 MICROPHONE (8-pin)
The MC-85 is a unidirectional high-class electret con
denser microphone provided with the output selective
switch, audio level compensation circuit, low cut filter,
level meter, PTT and LOCK switches. An 8-pin cable
is provided, with optional cables, up to three outputs
are possible.
■ MC-80 MICROPHONE (8-pin)
The MC-80 is an omnidirectional electret condenser
microphone provided with UP/DOWN switches,
volume adjustment for output level, PTT and LOCK
switches, built-in pre-amplifier.
■ MC-60A MICROPHONE (8-pin)
The zinc die-cast base provides high stability, and the
MC-60A is complete with PTT and LOCK switches,
UP/DOWN switches, and impedance selector switch
and a built-in pre-amplifier.
■ MC-55 MOBILE MICROPHONE (8-pin)
The MC-55 provides UP/DOWN switches, LED display
for switching transmit or receive, adjustable micro
phone gain, automatic receive returning circuit (approx.
5 minutes) and many functions.
■ AT-230 ANTENNA TUNER
The AT-230 Antenna Tuner covers 160 through 10
meters bands.
■ AT-130 ANTENNA TUNER
The AT-130 Antenna Tuner covers 80 through 10
meters bands.
PS-50
■ MC-42S UP/DOWN HAND MICROPHONE
The MC-42S is handy dynamic microphone with PTT
switch and UP/DOWN switches.
■ LF-30A LOW PASS FILTER
AT-250
MC-60A
30
PS-430
MC-85
MC-80
MC-42S
Page 33
■ MB-430 MOBILE MOUNT
The Mobile Mount MB-430 allows easy installation and
removal of the TS-440S. The MB-430 can either be
suspended from the dashboard or attached to the
transmission tunnel or a center console. The tran
sceiver tilt angle can be adjusted 5 steps.
■ PG-2C DC POWER CABLE
■ SP-41 COMPACT MOBILE SPEAKER (4 ohms)
■ TL-922A/TL-922 HF LINEAR AMPLIFIER
(Not for QSK operation.)
The TL-922A/922 is an HF linear amplifier operating
at maximum legal power, and employing a pair of
3-500Z high performance transmitting tubes. TL-922A
(without 10 meter band) is available only in U.S.A.
■ MA-5 5 BAND HELICAL TYPE HF MOBILE
ANTENNA
■ VP-1 BUMPER MOUNT FOR MA-5
■ SP-430 EXTERNAL SPEAKER
The SP-430 is an attractive, compact external speak
er. This low-distortion speaker provides clear reproduc
tion of the high-quality audio obtained from the
transceiver.
■ SP-50 MOBILE SPEAKER (8 ohms)
Compact and smart high quality external speaker pro
vides flexibility of installation for maximum con
venience.
■ SM-220 STATION MONITOR
Built around a basic 10 MHz oscilloscope, the SM-220
station monitor features, in combination with a built-
in two-tone generator, a variety of waveform-observing
capabilities.
■ PC-1 A PHONE PATCH
(Available only where phone patch operation legal.)
Hybrid phone patch with VU meter for null and audio
gain measurements. The PC-1 A Phone Patch provides
interface between the transceiver and telephone line.
Providing excellent performance, it is designed with
high isolation between receive input and transmit out
put. Its compact design permits easy installation in a
limited space. (FCC Part 68 registered)
KENV«X)0
SP-41
MB-430
S P-430
SM-220
TL-922A/TL-922
31
Page 34
■ TU-8 SUBAUDIBLE TONE UNIT
38 CTCSS tone frequencies can be selected by set
ting of the dip switch.
■ IF-232C INTERFACE
The IF-232C Interface is the adapter for connection be
tween the RS-232C terminal of a personal computer
and the interface terminal of the TS-440S.
■ IC-10 INTERFACE 1C KIT
■ SW-2000 SWR/POWER METER
SWR/POWER meters cover 1.8-54 MHz in range of
0-200/2000 W, full scale for base station use.
■ SW-200A SWR/POWER METER
SW-200 A supplied with SWC-1. Selectable Peakreading/RMS. SWR/POWER meters cover 1.8-150
MHz in range of 0-20/200 W full scale for base sta
tion use.
■ SW-100A SWR/POWER METER
Compact and lightweight SWR/POWER/VOLT meters
cover 1.8 - 1 50 MHz in range of 1 50 W full scale for
mobile use.
■ HS-7 MICRO HEADPHONES (16 OHMS)
■ HS-6 COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES (12.5
OHMS)
Deluxe, very light-weight headphones designed for
communications equipment.
■ HS-5 COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES (8
OHMS)
Headphones designed for communications equipment.
These light-weight open air-type headphones remain
comfortable during extended operation. Easily attached
earpads are provided.
■ HS-4
OHMS)
COMMUNICATIONS HEADPHONES (8
HS-7HS-6
HS-5
32
Page 35
7. BLOCK DIAGRAM
33
Page 36
8. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
8-1. FILTER UNIT(X51-1340-00)/DISPLAY UNIT (X54-1870-00) (B/4)
34
Page 37
00
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I
AT UNIT (X57-1150-00) (A/2)
>
H
c
2
H
X
СЛ
СЛ
0
1
о
о
oo
1C 1
;NJ M2903 0
; HD10M6
I C 2
:hd ioi 3i
I C 3
:HD t01 25
1C 4
1C 5.6 ;BA 6I0 9U 2
1C 7 :NE 555 P
I c a ; M 63 6t4
0 1.3.6
0 2.9
0 5
0 7
010 0-1 05
:0T C!I4 ES
: 2S A9 50(Y)
:7S C24 58 (Y)
;DT C124E S
;2S C26 66 (Y>
8-6. CONTROL UNIT(X53-1450-00)/DISPLAY UNIT (X54-1870-00) (A/4)
Page 44
ENCODER ASS^*
39
Page 45
8-7. IF UNIT (X60-1300-00)
40
Page 46
iillÉIlillllî lijiiiililiitII 1 î II!
ûh h ¡I l il I
Page 47
8-8. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
DISPLAY UNIT (X54-1870-00) (B/4)
Page 48
Page 49
SWITCH UNIT(X4I-I6I0-00)(N/14)
Page 50
9. SPECIFICATIONS AND ACCESSORIES
9-1. SPECIFICATIONS
Mode
Antenna impedance
Power requirement
Grounding
Current drain
Operating temperature
Dimensions ( ) includes
projection.
Weight
Frequency range
Input power
Modulation
Spurious radiation (CW)
Carrier suppression
Unwanted sideband suppression
Third order distortion
Maximum frequency deviation (FM)
Frequency response (-6 dB)
Microphone impedance
Circuitry
Frequency range
Intermediate frequency
LSB, USB, CW, FSK
(at 10 dB S/N)
Sensitivity
AM (at 10 dB S/N)
FM (at 12 dB SINAD)
LSB (A3J), USB (A3J), CW (A1), AM (A3),
FM (F3), FSK (FI)
With AT unit
Without AT unit
Receive mode with no input
signal
Transmit mode
Wide
High
Deep
With AT unit
Without AT unit
160 m band
80 m band
40 m band
30 m band10.1
20 m band
17m band
15m band
12 m band
10 m band
LSB, USB, CW, FM, FSK
AM
LSB, USB
FM
AM
100 to 150 kHz
1 50 to 500 kHz
500 kHz to 1.6 MHz
1.6 to 30 MHz
100 to 150 kHz
1 50 to 500 kHz
500 kHz to 1.6 MHz
1.6 to 30 MHz
1.6 to 30 MHz
20 to 150 ohms (Transmit only)
12 to 16 VDC (13.8 VDC reference)
-lOto +50°C (+14to +122°F)
More than 40 dB (with 1.5 kHz reference)
More than 50 dB (with 1.5 kHz reference)
More than 26 dB below one of two tones
Triple conversion superheterodyne
1st: 45.05 MHz, 2nd: 8.83 MHz, 3rd: 455 kHz
50 ohms
Negative
1.9 A
20 A
270 (279) mm
96 (108) mm
313 (335) mm
7.3 kg (16.1 lbs)
6.3 kg (13.9 lbs)
1.8
to2.0MHz
3.5to4.0
7.0to7.3
to
10.15MHz
14.0to
18.068 to
21.0to
24.89 to
28.0
Balanced modulation
Reactance modulation
Low level modulation
Less than -40 dB
400 to 2600 Hz
500 ohms to 50 kfl
100 kHz to 30 MHz
Less than 2.5 /iV
Less than 1/iV
Less than 4/iV
Less than 0.25/iV
Less than 25 fN
Less than 13iA/
Less than 40 fiW
Less than 2.5 /iV
Less than 0.7¡N
Frequency accuracy (at RIT/XIT off)Less than ±1x10-5
c o
0) i
i- §
a> o
Frequency stability (at RIT/XIT off)
LL
AM
FM
100 kHz to 1.6 MHz
1.6 to 30 MHz
100 kHz to 1.6 MHz
1.6 to 30 MHz
LSB, USB, CW, AM,
FSK
FM
500 kHz to 1.6 MHzLess than 20 ¡iV
-6 dB
-60 dB
-6 dB
- 50 dB
-6 dB
-50 dB
More than 20 dB (at 1.5 kHz)
100 to 150 kHz
1 50 to 500 kHz
1.6 to 30 MHz
1.6 to 30 MHz
1.5 W across 8 ohms load (10% distortion)
4 to 16 ohms (both ext. speaker and phones)
Less than ± 1 x 10-5 (-10 to + 50°C)
TS-440S
2.2 kHz
4.4 kHz
More than 50 dB
More than 70 dB
More than 50 dB
More than 70 dB
More than ±0.9 kHz
More than ± 1 kHz
Less than 20 fiW
Less than lO^iV
Less than 2 /¿V
Less than 0.32 fiV
6 kHz
18 kHz
12 kHz
25 kHz
Circuit and ratings are subject to change without notice due to development in technology.
9-2. ACCESSORIES
Dynamic microphone (Except Europe and U.K.)............................................. T91-0352-05
DC power cable assembly............................................................................... E30-1638-05................................. 1 pc.
For HF fixed-station operation, an antenna specifically
designed for amateur operation is recommended. An
tenna types include wire antennas, verticals, rotary
beams, and other antenna types. (Fig. 10-1) HF anten
nas are quite large and must be installed to withstand
strong wind, heavy rain, etc.
Any antenna used with the TS-440S should be of
50-ohm impedance and should be connected using an
appropriate coaxial cable such as RG-8/U.
Impedance matching is important. Impedance mis
matching will result in a high VSWR and power loss,
or can cause unwanted harmonic radiation and inter
ference (TVI, BCD.
The impedance match can be checked with an SWR
meter. Generally, satisfactory operation is assured
when the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is less
than 1.5:1.
A rotary beam antenna is very effective for DX com
munication in the 14,21 and 28 MHz bands. (Fig. 10-2)
If open wire or balanced type transmission line is used
with the antenna, a suitable antenna tuner with balun
is recommended between the transceiver and the feed
line. Methods of construction and operating such
tuners are described in detail in the ARRL Antenna
Handbook, or similar publications. For operation on the
160,75 and 40 meter bands, a simple dipole antenna,
cut to resonance in the most used portion of the band,
will perform satisfactorily. For operation on the 10,1 5
and 20 meter bands, the efficiency of the station will
be greatly increased if a good directional rotary anten
na is used. Remember that even the most sophisticat
ed transceiver is useless without a good antenna.
(1) Antenna
Use a sturdy mount for the mobile antenna since HF
antennas are larger (and have more wind load) and are
heavier than VHF antennas. A bumper mount is recom
mended for general use. The ground side of the mount
must be well grounded to the car body, since the body
itself functions as the ground plane for the mobile an
tenna. (Refer to Fig. 10-4)
Notes:
1. Some cars have plastic bumpers. For such cars,
ground the antenna mount to the body.
2 .. When tuning a newly installed antenna, use the fol
lowing procedure:
• Turn the CAR control fully counter-clockwise for
minimum transmit power.
• With the transceiver in transmit mode, raise
transmit power output slowly by rotaing the CAR
control clockwise. The antenna should be adjust
ed with minimum power.
• Transmitting with full power is recommended
only after the antenna has been adjusted for a
VSWR below 1.5:1.
Fig. 10-1
Ground plane antenna
3. Antenna installation is critical for successful mo
bile operation. For further information refer to THE
RADIO AMATEUR'S HANDBOOK, RADIO HAND
BOOK, or other texts.
(2) Coaxial cable connection
When the antenna is mounted on the behicles bum
per, the coaxial cable from the antenna can be routed
through a drain hole in the trunk. When the antenna
is roof mounted pass the cable between the body and
door. Leave a driploop at the lowest point in the cable
before entry into the vechicle to prevent water from
entering the car.
(3) Adjustment
Some mobile antennas are not designed at 50-ohm impredance. In this case, impedance matching between
the antenna and the coaxial cable (50i2) is required.
This can be achieved by using an antenna matching
device or coupler.
43
Page 53
The antenna to be used should first be checked with
a dip meter to insure that it is designed for your oper
ating band, then the impedance matching should be
checked with an SWR meter. (Fig. 10-3)
The VSWR should preferably be less than 1.5:1 for
stisfactory operation. For antenna adjustment refer to
the antenna instruction manual.
(4) Antenna matching
In general, mobile antennas have a lower impedance
than the 50-ohm coaxial cable used to feed them,
resulting in a mismatch between the antenna and the
coax. Such trouble can be eliminated by using an an
tenna tuner between the transceiver and the coaxial
cable.
o Matching circuit examples
/
INPUTS ^
O
-- -
i—
OUTPUT
--------
o
-^1
INPUTj_j^
O—*■
OUTPUT
10-2.MOBIL OPERATION
10-2-1. Installation
Route battery and ANTENNA leads away from all high
voltage secondary circuits to prevent ignition noise in
terference.
44
Page 54
10-2-2. Noise reduction
In motor vehicles, noise is generated by the ignition
system. Other sources of noise include the wiper and
heater motors.
Although the transceiver is equipped with a noise
blanker to minimize ignition noise, it is imperative that
some preventive measures be taken to reduce the noise
to the lowest possible level.
(1) Antenna location selection
Since ignition noise is generated by the vehicles en
gine, the antenna must be installed as far from the en
gine as possible.
(2) Bonding
The component parts of motor vehicles, such as the
engine, transmission, muffler system, accelerator, etc.,
are coupled to one another at DC and low frequencies,
but are isolated at high frequencies. By connecting
these parts using heavy, braided ground straps, igni
tion noise can be reduced. This connection is called
"bonding”.
(3) Use ignition suppressor cable or suppressor spark
plugs
Noise can be reduced by using spark plugs with inter
nal resistors, or resistive suppressor ignition cable.
10-2-3. Battery capacity
The power system of a motor vehicle is comprised of
a battery and an alternator (which generates power
while the engine is running) to supply current to loads
or to charge the battery.
Since the transceiver draws high current during trans
mit, care should be exercised so the power system
is not overloaded. When using the transciever, the fol
lowing points should be observed from the viewpont
of battery maintenance:
1. Turn the transceiver OFF when the lights, heater,
wipers and other high-draw accessories are used.
2. Avoid transceiver operation when the engine is not
running.
3. If necessary, use an ammeter and/or a voltmeter
to check battery condition.
45
Page 55
10-3. RADIO FREQUENCY ALLOCATION
kHz
148.5
283.5
525
1606
1705
1800
2000
2300
2500
1 s( 2nd 3rd
Zdne Zone Zone
Low frequency
broadcast band
Medium frequency
broadcast band
160 m
amateur band
90 m
broadcast band
80 m
amateur band
75 m
broadcast band
60 m
broadcast band
49 m
broadcast band
40 m
amateur band
41 m
broadcast band
1st 2nd 3rd
MHz
10.100
10.150
1 1.650
12.050
13.600
13.800
14.000
14.350
15.000
15.100
15.600
17.550
17.900
18.068
18.168
20.000
21.000
21.450
21.850
24.890
24.990
25.000
25.670
26.100
28.000
29.700
1st Zone:
Europe and Africa (Soviet Russia, Turkey and Mongolia included)
2nd Zone:
South and North America
3rd Zone:
Asia and Oceania (Soviet Russia, Turkey and Mongolia excluded)
• In some countries, frequencies allocations do not accord with this
Zone Zone Zone
-------------
table.
---------
Standard time frequency General broadcast band
-------
30 m amateur band
25 m
broadcast band
20 m
amateur band
19m
broadcast band
1 7 m
amateur band
1 5 m
amateur band
13m
broadcast band
12m
amateur band
11m
broadcast band
10 m
amateur band
31 m
broadcast band
10MHz
Radio Frequency Allocation
Frequency distribution in the broadcast and amateur
bands
The general coverage receiver covers from 100 kHz
to 30 MHz, to receive international broadcast and com
munication services.
As shown in the frequency allocation chart, above
figure, broadcast and amateur radio station frequen
cies are allocated in specific bands expressed in mega
hertz (MHz) or wavelength in meters (m). Also in the
above figure the frequencies of "other stations" are
assigned for fixed station business use, marine mobile,
aviation mobile, land mobile, radio beacon stations, etc.
1. Radio stations throughout the world are listed in the
WORLD RADIO TV HANDBOOK or similar publi
cations.
2. Antennas designed for ham band operation will
generally provide satisfactory reception for SW sta
tions near the ham bands. For antenna construc
tion details, see the ARRL ANTENNA HANDBOOK,
or similar publications.
46
Page 56
Model TS-440S
Serial No.
_____
Date of Purchase
Dealer
__
47
Page 57
KENWOOD
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