Kenwood TS-440S User Manual

HF TRANSCEIVER

TS-440S

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

KENWOOD CORPORATION

©PRINTED IN JAPAN B50-8048-30(K, M, T, W) 91/12 11 10 987654321

Thank you for purchasing the new TS-440S tran

sceiver. Please read this instruction manual carefully before placing your transceiver in service. This unit has been carefully engineered and manufactured to rigid quality standards, and should give you satisfactory and dependable operation for many years.

The following explicit definitions apply in this manual:

Note: If disregarded, inconvenience only, no risk

of equipment damage or personal injury.

Caution: Equipment damage may occur, but not per

sonal injury.

1. FEATURES.............................................................. 3

2. INSTALLATION........................................................ 4

2-1. PRECAUTIONS.................................................... 4

2-2. FIXED STATION................................................... 4

2-2-1. Interconnection................................................ 4

2-2-2. Grounding........................................................ 4

2-2-3. Antenna........................................................... 5

2-2-4. Key connection................................................ 5

2- 3. MOBILE

2-3-1. Mounting bracket installation

2- 3-2. Power supply connection............................. 5

3. OPERATION............................................................ 6

3- 1. OPERATING CONTROLS................................ 6

3- 1-1. Front panel

3-1-2. Rear panel..................................................... 10

3-1-3. Top cover

3-2. RECEIVE............................................................ 12

3-2-1. Initial setting 3-2-2. CW zero-beat operation 3-2-3. Direct keyboard frequency entry 3-2-4. AM reception

3-3. TRANSMIT

3-3-1. SSB (LSB, USB) mode 3-3-2. CW mode

3-3-3. FM mode

3-3-4. AM mode....................................................... 15

3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER 3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's

3-5-1. Why two VFO's.............................................. 15

3-5-2. Split frequency

3-6. MEMORY ........................................................... 16

3-6-1. Memory entry 3-6-2. Transferring memory information to the

3-6-3. Transferring data between memory 3-6-4. Entering/Transferring data in the split 3-6-5. Clearing a memory channel

3-6-6. Memory recall

3-7. SCAN

3-7-1. Memory scan 3-7-2. Program scan 3-7-3. Scan speed

3-7-4. Memory channel lockout

3-8. AFSK

3-8-1. Reception....................................................... 19

3-8-2. Transmit 3-8-3. AMTOR operation

3-9. OPERATION WITH A LINEAR AMPLIFIER.. 19

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(a) Semi-automatic break-in

(b) Full-automatic break-in.......................... 14

• Subaudible tone........................................ 15

(a) A = B switch

(b) A/B switch............................................... 1 5

(d) T-F SET switch...................................... 15

VFO channels frequency channels

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This Instruction Manual covers the TS-440S,

with and without AT (Automatic Antenna

Tuner) unit. When there are differences in

operation, separate instructions will be given for each model. Illustrations show the TS-440S with AT unit.

4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION 4-1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 4-2. TRANSMITTER SECTION 4-3. RECEIVER SECTION 4- 4. CIRCUIT BOARD DESCRIPTION

4-4-1. RF unit (X44-1 680-00) 4-4-2. IF unit (X60-1300-00)

4-4-3. Control unit (X53-1450-00)............................ 20

4-4-4. PLL unit (X50-2050-00)................................. 20

4-4-5. Final unit (X45-1470-00) 4-4-6. Filter unit (X51-1 340-00) 4- 4-7. AT (Automatic Antenna Tuner) unit

(X 57-1150-00)............................................ 20

5. MAINTENANCE AND ADJUSTMENT 5- 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 5-2. SERVICE

5-3. CLEANING.......................................................... 21

5-4. IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY.................................. 21

5-5. MICROPROCESSOR BACK-UP

LITHIUM BATTERY 5-6. MICROPROCESSOR RESET 5-7. ORDERING SPARE PARTS

5- 8. ADJUSTMENTS............................................. 23

5- 8-1. Cover removal.......................................... 23

5-8-2. Internal views

5-8-3. Digital display calibration.......................... 24

5-8-4. Optional 10 Hz display resolution 5-8-5. CW zero beat frequency selection

5-8-6. Side tone level.......................................... 25

5-8-7. Beep tone selection.................................. 25

5-8-8. Beep tone level 5-8-9. Tuning dial torque 5-8-10. Linear amplifier control

6. OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES.................................. 27

6- 1. CRYSTAL FILTER INSTALLATION 6-2. VOICE SYNTHESIZER UNIT VS-1

INSTALLATION

6-3. INTERFACE 1C KIT IC-10

INSTALLATION

6-4. OTHER ACCESSORIES

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM................................................. 33

8. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

9. SPECIFICATIONS AND ACCESSORIES............. 41

9-1. SPECIFICATIONS

9- 2. ACCESSORIES.............................................. 42

10. REFERENCE 10- 1. ANTENNA INSTALLATION

10-1-1. Fixed station 10-1-2. Mobile

10-2. MOBILE OPERATION...................................... 44

10-2-1. Installation....................................................44

10-2-2. Noise reduction............................................45

10-2-3. Battery capacity

10-3. RADIO FREOUENCY ALLOCATION

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1. FEATURES

1. Wide dynamic range

New advances in circuit design have made a 102 dB

dynamic range (500 Hz IF bandwidth) possible.

2. General coverage reception from 100 kHz

to 30 MHz

In addition to transmission and reception on all amateur bands from 1.8 to 28 MHz, the TS-440S provides a continuous tuning general coverage receiver with a range of 100 kHz to 30 MHz.

3. Automatic antenna tuner

The optional, built-in automatic antenna tuner will oper ate from 3.5 to 28 MHz.

4. All-mode operation

USB, LSB, CW, AM, FM, and AFSK modes are

provided.

5. 100% continuous duty transmit

Transmission at a 100% duty cycle is possible for rela tively long durations (one hour or less) in any mode,

including FM and AFSK.

6. CW full break-in

Full break-in operation is possible in the CW mode.

Rapid transmit/receive switching also makes the radio

suitable for data communications in the SSB mode,

such as AMTOR.

7. Build-in XIT

XIT (Transmitter incremental tuning) allows fine tun ing of the transmitter frequency.

8. Switchable IF bandwidth

The IF bandswitch allows you to tailor the receiver

bandwidth to the operating conditions. Several selec

tions are provided; AUTO, W (Wide), Ml (Medium 1),

M2 (Medium 2) and N (Narrow). When the AUTO po

sition has been selected the radio will select the opti

mum bandwidth for the selected mode of operation.

9. Switchable AGC time constant

A switch is provided to select either FAST or SLOW AGC action.

10. All mode squelch

11. Built-in RF power/SWR meter

12. Versatile frequency control

• Accurate frequency selection is possible due to the use of a single reference oscillator circuit.

• Continuous tuning of all frequencies thru the use of digital VFO technology. The basic 10 Hz step tun ing rate is modified, according to the selected mode, for optimum tuning speed and accuracy. An auto matic fast scan function is also provided.

• Dual, digital VFO's (A/B) enable crossband, cross mode operation.

• 100-channel memory (including 10 odd-split chan

nels) stores the frequency, band, and mode.

• Memory scan and two programmable scan ranges.

• Direct entry of the desired frequency using the front

panel numeric keypad is also possible.

• A memory scroll function allows review of the

memory channel contents.

• Selection of the desired memory channel Ts possi

ble using either the TUNING dial or microphone UP/DOWN pushbuttons.

• The T-F SET function is useful for split frequency operation.

• An optional tone unit TU-8 may be used in conjunc tion with the odd-split memory channels to allow 10 meter repeater operations with CTCSS access.

• Optional computer interface.

• Built-in long-life memory back-up battery.

• 2-color fluorescent display tube indicates frequen cy and other operational data.

13. Front panel control of the TUNING dial

torque is provided.

2. INSTALLATION

2-1. PRECAUTION

1. Avoid direct sunlight, and select a dry, well venti lated location.

2. Since the heat sink is on the rear panel, avoid plac ing the equipment with the bottom and rear sides close to a wall or desk.

3. When installing the equipment in an automobile, en sure adequate ventilation. Install the equipment in

2-2. FIXED STATION

2-2-1. Interconnection

The TS-440S requires more than 18A at 13.8 VDC when transmitting at full power. Use the PS-50 or PS-430 power supply for fixed stations.

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The PS-50 base station supply is needed for continu ous transmission operation.

Key

a location where the rear does not make direct con tact with the seat, and is not directly exposed to vibration. Avoid installing the equipment in front of the car heater air outlet. The standard operating voltage of the equipment is 13.8 V. Do not operate below 12 V or over 16 V.

The transceiver can be elevated for operating con venience.

Caution: -----------------------------------------------------------------------

2-2-2. Grounding Caution: -----------------

Never use a gas pipe or electrical conduit pipe.

Notes:

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1. A ground connection that is a 1/4 wavelength or its multiple may provide a good DC ground, but it will not provide a good RF ground.

2. A city water pipe cannot be used as a good earth in some cases.

Making a good earth connection is important for preventing dangers such as electric shock and for emit ting a high quality signal with minimum spurious radi ation. Bury a commercially available ground rod or copper plate under the ground and connect it to the GND terminal of the TS-440S. A thick wire, cut as short as possible, should be used for the connection. To make a good earth connection, connect the GND terminal to a grounded metal water pipe.

2-2-3. Antenna

Caution:

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Protect your equipment —Use a LIGHTNING AR RESTOR.

2-3-2. Power supply connection Cautions:

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1. Turn POWER switch OFF before connecting/disconnecting the power cable.

2. Observe battery polarity.

Any of the common antenna systems designed for use on the high frequency amateur bands may be used with the TS-440S provided the input impedance of the transmission line is not outside the capability of the Au tomatic Antenna Tuner. The transmission line should

be coaxial cable. An antenna system which shows a SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) of less than 1.5:1 when using 50 ohm coaxial transmission line, or a system

that results in a transmission line input impedance that

is essentially resistive, and between 20 and 1 50 ohms will take power from the transceiver through the AT unit.

2-2-4. Key connection

Your key should be connected as illustrated in the figure below. When using an electronic keyer, make

sure that polarity is set for positive. Always use shield

ed line from the key to transceiver.

DC power cable

Red and white -fBlack and gray -

3. When charging your vehicle battery, or when jumpstarting a dead battery, ALWAYS disconnect the power cable from the back of the transceiver, or damage may result to the transceiver.

Connect the TS-440S power cable to the battery ter minals, with consideration to current requirements and noise prevention. The maximum current drawn by the TS-440S reaches between 18 and 20A when trans mitting. Therefore, the cable should be made as short as possible, using the specified fuse. Also, confirm that the power system of the car (including the battery and generator or alternator) will handle the increased load of the TS-440S.

2-3. MOBILE

Being compact in design, this transceiver is ideal for mobile operation. Satisfactory mobile operation is achieved through proper power and antenna connec tion, and thoughtful transceiver installation and ad justment.

2-3-1. Mounting bracket installation

Secure the TS-440S under the dashboard using an op

tional MB-430 mounting bracket. As an alternative, use

strapping, making sure that the TS-440S will not slip out of place while operating the vehicle.

Notes:

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1. Do not install the TS-440S near the heater outlet.

2. Allow sufficient space behind the TS-440S to en sure proper ventilation.

12V Battery

Fuse should be as close to the battery

terminal as possible.

Diock battery accsition. 20A mini-

rt as possible. TS-440S

3. OPERATION

3-1. OPERATING CONTROLS

3-1-1. Front panel

0 POWER switch

Press to turn the power ON or OFF.

(2) Meter

During receive the meter is used as an S-meter. Dur ing transmit the function of the meter is controlled by

the Meter switch , and provides either ALC level,

PWR (power) or SWR readings.

MODE/KEY (Numeric Keypad)

These keys are used to select the desired mode of oper

ation (USB, LSB, CW, AM, FM, AFSK). When program ming a memory channel or directly entering a frequency

these keys are used as a numeric keypad to enter the

channel number or frequency.

Indicators

AT TUNE: Lights when the AT TUNE switch is ON.

Turns itself OFF when the antenna tuner has completed tuning.

NOTCH: Lights when the NOTCH switch is ON. F.LOCK: Lights when the F.LOCK switch is ON.

1 MHz: Lights when the 1 MHz step switch is ON.

M.SCR: Lights when the M.IN switch is pressed.

When the memory scroll function is active you can review the contents of the memory channels without a break in the reception of the station you are listening to.

ON AIR: Lights during transmit.

(^ Frequency display

The operating frequency is displayed down to the nearest 100 Hz. Also displays the memory channel number, RIT/XIT frequency, and includes indicators for memory, VFO A/B, scan, split and RIT/XIT operations.

(D FUNCTION switches

The switches included in this group are the RIT/XIT, T-F SET switch, and the VFO select switches. (See page 15.)

(j) MIC gain control

Microphone gain can be adjusted during USB, LSB, AFSK and AM operations. Gain is increased thru clock wise rotation of this control.

CAR (Carrier level) control

This control sets the carrier level during CW, FM and AM operations. When transmitting in the CW mode, adjust so that the ALC meter pointer is within the ALC zone.

SQL (Squelch) control

This function operates in all modes, FM, USB, LSB, CW, AFSK, and AM. This control is used to eliminate atmospheric noise, and receiver static noise during no signal periods. Slowly rotate the control clockwise to the point where the am bient noise just disapears, and speaker shuts off. This point is known as the squelch threshold point. Now you will only hear output from the speaker when an incomming signal is present. For weak signal reception this control should be fully counterclockwise.

•(0)

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The squelch threshold position will vary from mode to mode, so you may have to readjust when you change modes.

(0) NOTCH control

The NOTCH function is used to reduce or eliminate het erodyne, or CW type signals. The NOTCH filter will not

be effective against SSB, AM or FM type signals. To use the control, place the NOTCH switch ON and slow ly rotate the NOTCH control to reduce the interference. Normally the notch point will occur between the 11:00 and 1:00 o'clock position.

Notes:

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1. The NOTCH frequency can be varied within a range of approximately 400 to 2600 Hz.

2. When an interfering signal such as a CW station appears, slowly rotate the NOTCH control. If you rotate the knob too quickly you may pass right over the notch point. Slow rotation will yield the best results.

Interfering signal

Receive signal

Interfering signal attenuated by NOTCH control

Receive signal

Audio output

(NOTCH OFF)

NOTCH control

Audio output (NOTCH ON)

(Q) IF SHIFT control

Note: —------------------------------------------------------------------------

The IF SHIFT control does not function in the AM or

FM modes.

The IF SHIFT control allows you to shift the IF pass-

band of the receiver without changing the actual center frequency of the receiver. This control is useful when

there is interference near your center frequency. As the

accompanying illustration shows rotating this control may place the interfering signal outside the receiver passband, allowing for easier copy. The operation of

this control in the USB, LSB, AFSK, and CW modes

is detailed below.

• USB mode

Interference from lower frequencies can be reduced or eliminated by rotating the IF SHIFT control in the

0 direction. This will cause the resulting audio fre quencies to have a slightly treble response, i.e.low cut filter (low frequencies attenuated). Interference from higher frequencies can be reduced or eliminat ed by rotating the IF SHIFT control in the 0 direc tion. This will cause the resulting audio frequencies to sound a little bassy, i.e.high cut filter (high fre quencies attenuated).

• LSB/AFSK mode

Interference from lower frequencies can be reduced or eliminated by rotating the IF SHIFT control in the

0 direction. This will cause the resulting audio fre quencies to sound a little bassy, just the opposite of the effect in the USB mode. Interference from higher frequencies can be reduced or eliminated by

rotating the IF SHIFT control in the Q direction. This will cause the resulting audio frequencies to ap

pear a little on the high side, again just the opposite

of the USB mode.

CW mode The operation of the IF SHIFT control is similar to that for USB with the exception that you can con trol the tone of the CW note by using the RIT

control.

VFO

1 u n I~l n n

1 /. u u u. u

1 D O O n n

t -I. 1 1 1. 1

1 D O O n n

1 -1. 1 1 ~l. ~l

1 D O O n n

1 -1. 1 1 1. i

RIT

0.D

-0.0

-00

-0 /

Turned in ^direction

Turn in Qdirection

to eliminate inter ference from signal

Turned in ^direction

IF SHIFT operation

Turn in ^direction to eliminate inter ference from signal

K-

1 D O O O n

1 J. 1 1 l.u

XIT control

When the RIT/XIT control is rotated with the XIT switch depressed the transmit frequency can be varied

+/-^.2 kHz without affecting the receiver

frequency. Pressing the switch again releases the XIT function.

-0 /

RF gain control

This control adjusts the gain of the receiver highfrequency amplifier section.

For normal receiver performance, and maximum gain, this control should be in the full clockwise position. If you are having trouble copying the desired signal make a note of the stations peak S-meter reading. Then, ad just the RF control counterclockwise, so that the meter needle is stationary at this level. Now, all signals that were less than the desired signal will be attenuated, such as static noise, etc., making the completion of the QSO easier.

® RIT/XIT control

• RIT control

When the transmit frequency of the distant station drifts a little bit during the QSO, but you do not wish

to alter your transmit frequency to compensate, you

may wish to make use of the RIT control function. This control allows shifting the receive frequency without shifting the transmit frequency. The RIT control allows you to shift the receiver frequency

+ /- 1.2 kHz. This control is also useful for pileups

when the DX station is transmitting a little above or below his receive frequency.

Notes:

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1. The RIT offset is displayed on the main display. You can therefore preset the offset before you actually need to use it. When you move to another station make sure you turn OFF the RIT switch.

2. The figure at the right illustrates that the RIT dis play and the VFO display may not agree exactly in all instances since the RIT and VFO tune in 10 Hz steps. The normal resolution of the VFO is 100 Hz, so if the RIT or VFO is turned slowly the associat ed display may not update immediately. You will have to tune 100 Hz to see the display actually change.

If the incoming signal pegs the S-meter you can also reduce the receiver gain by counterclockwise rotation of the RF control. The S-meter pointer will always ad vance up-scale as the RF control is rotated counter clockwise, as a visual reminder that the gain of the radio has been reduced.

(Q) AF gain control

Turn the inside knob to increase or decrease the volume.

SELECTIVITY switch

When an optional filter is installed, the radio's passband can be switched to one of four different bandwidths.

The switch has five positions; AUTO, N, M1, M2 and W, that are used to select the bandwidth. The M1, and

N positions are not active until the optional filters are installed, see the accompanying chart. This switch

should normally be set to the AUTO position. The IF

bandwidth will then be selected for optimum receiver characteristics, according to the MODE that has been selected. Manual override is possible by simple rota tion of the SELECTIVITY control.

The table in section 6-1, CRYSTAL FILTER INSTAL LATION on page 27 shows the bandwidth of each switch setting. Note the differences when the option al filters are installed. The YK-88C is used in the "N” position and the YK-88SN in the "Ml" position.

Notes: ----------------------------------------------------------------———

1. During transmit the wide filter position is selected regardless of the position of the SELECTIVITY switch.

2. When in the FM mode the bandwidth is always 1 5 kHz, regardless of the position of the SELECTIVI TY switch.

3. When the SELECTIVITY switch is set to N or Ml, and no optional filters have been installed, there will

be no sound from the speaker. Refer to the option

al filter installation procedure in the rear of this

manual for information on installation of these

options.

(jj) AGC switch

This switch selects the operating time constant of the AGC (Automatic Gain Control) circuit during receive. When the AGC switch is set to SLOW, the receiver

gain and S-meter readings will react slowly to large in put changes, and when set to FAST, the receiver gain and S-meter will react quickly to changes in the input signal level. The normal position when using all modes is the SLOW

position. When working weak signals, or high speed

CW you might wish to use the FAST position.

Note: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This switch is disabled during FM operations.

® NOTCH switch

When this switch is ON, the notch filter is activated.

PROC (Processor) switch

Effective transmit power output will increase when the PROC switch is turned ON during USB, LSB, AFSK, or FM mode operations.

Note: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------When the speech processor function is used in the USB, LSB, or AFSK mode it is possible to overdrive the transmitter: An easy way to check for excessive modu lation is to monitor the ALC meter. If the needle is over the ALC zone you are overmodulating. Reduce the MIC gain control setting until the needle remains in the ALC zone on voice peaks.

(jj) F.LOCK switch

The selected dial frequency is locked and cannot be changed except thru the use of the RIT/XIT controls,

when this switch is ON.

@ UP/DOWN switches

Pressing the UP switch increases the frequency, and pressing the DOWN switch decreases it.

1 MHz step switch

This switch is used to determine if the UP/DOWN switches will function in 1 MHz steps or only thru the amateur bands. When the 1 MHz step position is selected, the 1 MHz indicator will light.

@ TUNING dial (VFO)

Rotate the knob to select the desired frequency. Fast tuning is possible by rotating the knob rapidly. This con trol may also be used to select the desired memory

channel. The dial drag is adjustable by holding the out

side knob and turning the inside knob clockwise to in

crease drag, and counterclockwise to decrease drag.

@) Program keys

M^V: Used to recall a frequency from memory

to the VFO.

SCAN: Pressing during VFO operation will initiate

program scan, and pressing during memory operation will initiate memory scan. Press ing during scan operation will cause the scan speed to toggle between 2 speeds, fast and slow.

CLEAR: Used to cancel memory storage operations,

or to cancel an entry during direct keyboard entry of frequency using the ENT key.

VFO/M: Used to switch between memory or VFO

operations. M.IN: Used to enter data into a memory channel. ENT: Used to directly enter a frequency from the

numeric keypad.

PHONES jack

Output terminal for headphones.

MIC jack

Connector for a microphone.

MIC connector (Front view)

@ AT TUNE switch

When this switch is turned ON with the AUTO/THRU switch is placed in the AUTO position, the automatic tuner will be engaged and the tuner will try to match the antenna.

@ AUTO/THRU switch

AUTO: The auto antenna tuner is used in

transmit.

THRU: The auto antenna tuner is not used in

transmit.

Standby switch

This switch is used when you want to manually con

trol transmit or receive.

SEND: Places the radio into transmit. REC: Places the radio into receive.

The Standby switch is also used to clear an entry dur ing direct entry of VFO frequencies, or when entering a memory channel.

@ ALC/PWR/SWR meter switch

ALC meter Used to monitor the drive level in USB, LSB, and AFSK modes.

PWR meter Used to indicate the output power. Note that this meter is a peak reading meter, not an average reading meter.

SWR meter Used to indicate the Standing Wave Ratio of the an tenna and feedline connected to the ANT connector when the AUTO/THRU switch is in the THRU position.

@ ATT (Attenuator) switch

The incoming receive signal level is attenuated by ap

proximately 20 dB when this switch is activated.

When the incoming receive signal is very strong (20 dB over S-9), the signal should be attenuated to pre

vent distortion of the signal, thereby stabilizing the receiver performance. This is easily done by activat ing the ATT switch. This control is also useful when a strong signal is near your desired signal, while some loss will occur to the desired signal as well as the un desired signal, the use of the attenuator will sometimes allow you to complete the QSO.

NB (Noise Blanker) switch

When pulsating noise, such as that caused by automo bile ignitions is encountered, place the NB switch ON. This will provide approximately 40 dB's of attenuation to this interfering signal. If there is no noise present, the switch should be in the OFF position. This switch will not help to eliminate atmospheric or line noises, only pulse type noise.

VOICE switch

When the optional VS-1 voice synthesizer unit is in stalled the operating frequency will announced whenever the VOICE switch is depressed. For a dial frequency of 14.200.0 the frequency will be an nounced as: "one", "four", "point", "two", "zero", "zero", "zero", "zero". Please refer to page 28 for installation instructions con cerning the VS-1 Voice Synthesizer.

3-1-2. -Rear panel

(T) ACC 3 terminal

Spare RCA type terminal. No internal connections have been made.

(2) AFSK IN terminal

AFSK input terminal.

AFSK OUT terminal

Constant level AF output terminal for AFSK operation.

® ANTI VOX control

VOX operations are sometimes difficult with high speaker volume control settings. The ANTI VOX con trol is used to reduce the tendency of the VOX to acti vate from inputs from the speaker. The ANTI VOX control is not active when headphones are connect ed, for obvious reasons!

-ANTI

vox GAIN control

This control adjusts the sensitivity of the VOX ampli fier. Adjust this control for your personal preference.

vox GAIN

@ ACC 1 jack

This jack is designed for connection of the 6-pin DIN connector supplied with the optional interface unit.

(D EXT. SP (External speaker) jack

This jack is for connection of an external speaker.

(9) DC power connector

This is used to connect the DC power supply.

KEY jack

Using shielded line, connect a 1/4" phone plug to this jack for CW operation. Open-terminal voltage is approx imately 5.5 VDC.

® DELAY control

This control adjusts the "hang-time” that the radio will remain keyed after voice input has stopped.

DELAY

(Q) ANT (Antenna) connector

This UHF connector should be attached to a suitable antenna for transmitting and receiving. The antenna ca

ble should be 50-ohm coax, terminated with a PL-259

connector.

® GND (Ground) terminal

To prevent electric shock, as well as RFI and BCI, con

nect the transceiver to a good earth ground.

@ ACC 2 jack

Terminal numbers and their applications are as follows:

View from the

rear panel.

Internal wiring

View from cord

7. . ^ 6

3-1-3. Top cover

CW OFF SEMI FULL

13-pin DIN plug

Pin No.

1 2 NC 3

10 NC

12 GND Grounding (The shielded wire of the

Pin Name

Data output Output level is fixed regardless of the

GND

5 NC 6

NC 8 GND 9

MIC mute

Data input

Standby Standby terminal

No connection No connection

AF control setting. Output voltage:

300 mV or more at maximum re

ceiving input with 4.7 kQ load.

Grounding (The shielded wire of the audio output terminal is connected here.)

No connection No connection No connection Grounding Signal input from the MIC jack is mut

ed. Grounding mutes signal. No connection Input terminal for data communica

tion. In SSB, MIC gain can be con trolled by the MIC control.

Input voltage:

500 mV or less (SSB: Voltage starts deflecting ALC.

FM: Voltage providing ±3.0 kHz modulation ratio.)

audio input is connected here.)

Grounding transmits.

Application

VOX OFF ON

VOX/BREAK IN switch

VOX (Voice Operated Switch) operation is possible in

LSB, USB, FM or AFSK mode operations. To activate

the VOX circuitry place the VOX switch ON.

This control is also used to select either Full or Semi

automatic break-in.

(Q) REMOTE connector

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

When the control relay is used refer to section 5-8-10.

+ 12 VDC ON transmit

max. 10 mA.

From standby switch

(PTT circuit for foot switch)

GND

ALC input

Speaker output

-Ar

Control relay

3-2. RECEIVE

SQL control: Fully counterclockwise.

RF gain control:

, Fully clockwise.

AF gain control: Fully counter clockwise.

3-2-1. Initial setting

1. Preset the controls as shown in the accompanying illustration above.

2. Place the POWER switch to ON. (During fixedstation operation you must first turn ON your DC power supply, the PS-50 is recommended.)

3. The meter will illuminate and a frequency will ap pear in the display.

4. Set the BAND switches for the desired band. If you desire to tune a frequency other than one of the amateur radio frequencies, place the 1 MHz switch ON. With the 1 MHz switch ON the UP/DOWN switches will advance the frequency in 1 MHz steps, rather than thru the amateur radio bands.

5. Select the desired MODE using one of the mode switches.

Notes:----------------------------------------------------------------------

1. By international convention amateur radio fre quencies below 10 MHz utilize the LSB (Lower Sideband) mode, and frequencies of 10 MHz and above use USB (Upper Sideband).

2. The TS-440S automatically selects the normal

mode for you. The exact changeover point is

9.5 MHz. You can override this selection by pressing the desired mode switch.

3-2-2. CW zero-beat operation Zero-beat operation with a station during CW mode

operation

1. Set the RIT/XIT switches to OFF.

2. When an optional filter is not used, tune the TUN ING dial so that the receive beat frequency is ap proximately 800 Hz. You can check this by turning the VOX OFF, and then closing your CW key. Then by using the sidetone oscillator, and the incoming receive signal you can zero-beat by turning the TUNING dial until the two tones are the same fre quency.

3. When the YK-88C filter is used the simplest method

to use is to adjust the TUNING dial for a maximum S-meter deflection.

Reception at the desired pitch after zero-beat operation.

1. After zero-beating turn the RIT switch ON, and ad just the RIT control for the desired pitch.

2. Adjust the IF SHIFT control for the strongest sig nal level.

6. Adjust the AF gain control for the desired volume.

7. Slowly rotate the TUNING dial until the desired sig nal can be heard clearly.

8. The desired receive frequency can also be entered directly by using the numeric keypad. For details of this operation please refer to the “Direct key board frequency entry" section on page 13.

Your frequency

Receiver carrier frequency (BFO) 1

Tuning for CW Operation

Displayed frequency

Transmit-Receive frequency

(Displayed frequency)

800Hz

Beat note

3-2-3. Direct keyboard frequency entry

Direct keyboard entry of the frequency is possible us ing the numeric keypad on the TS-440S. This allows rapid changes in frequency without the delays encoun tered when using other tuning methods.

1. Select the VFO mode.

2. Press the ENT key. The display will indicate

3. Enter the desired operating frequency from Most Significant Digit to the Least Significant Digit. You do not have to enter trailing zeros, but you must enter a leading zero for frequencies between 1 and

3.99999 MHz or two leading zeros for frequencies between 0.1 and 0.99999 MHz. (03.500.00 MHz).

A VFO

D C

_/. _/

4. After the last digit has been entered press the ENT key again to signify you want the radio to change frequency. If you entered the frequency down to the nearest 10 Hz a beep will sound and the radio

will automatically change to the new frequency without the need of pressing the ENT key for the second time.

3-2-4. AM reception

There are cases during AM broadcast reception, where interference in noticeable when SELECTIVITY is W, but the intelligibility is poor with the radio in the M2 posi tion, due to a lack of high frequency response. If this condition occurs place the SELECTIVITY switch to M2

and rotate the TUNING dial +/- 1 kHz from the center

frequency. It should be possible to find a point where the interference will be a little greater, intelligibility should be improved. Another method utilizes the execellent receiver stabil ity of the TS-440S by selecting USB or LSB and tun ing to one of the sidebands of the AM signal. The only disadvantage to this method is that a 5 Hz beat tone might be detected along with the desired receive signal.

3-3. TRANSMIT

3-3-1. SSB (USB, LSB) mode

1. Set the MODE keys to USB or LSB. By internation al convention frequencies below 10 MHz utilize the LSB (Lower Sideband) mode, and frequencies above 10 MHz use USB (Upper Sideband). The ac tual switchover point on the TS-440S is 9.5 MHz. The TS-440S will select the proper mode when you tune to the desired frequency. You can override this

by simply pressing the desired mode key.

2. Set the Meter switch to ALC.

ALC PWR SWR

I\. 1

I U I I li I I I I

u u u. u

For example: To enter 14.200.00 MHz there are

two methods:

Method one: Press [ENT], [1], [4], [2], [ENT]. Method two: [ENT], [1], [4], [2], [0], [0], [0], [0].

I U D I I I I I I

/. /_

u u. u

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------

Attempting to enter a frequency outside the tun

ing range of the radio will cause the display to return

to " . .

If you make a mistake while entering the frequen cy and have not yet pressed the ENT key, or en

tered the final digit, you may cancel the input by

pressing either the CLEAR key or standby switch.

------

3. Press the microphone PTT switch, or set the Stand by switch from REC to SEND.

4. Speak into the microphone and adjust the MIC gain control so that the meter deflection does not ex ceed the ALC zone on voice peaks.

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Adjustment using the ALC meter provides greater ac

curacy than if you try and use the power meter for ad justment. Never adjust for ALC deflection above the ALC zone, as this will cause distortion of the transmit

ted audio signal.

1 3 5 7 9 20 40 60

S \\\\\\\lf / / / ///b

-----

PWR 0 10 SWR 1 1.5

Note:

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Do not exceed the ALC zone on voice peaks.

-V

ALC zone

I 11111/—ry

50 100 150 W

5 10 00

-----------

3-3-2. CW mode

Set MODE keys to CW and set the Meter switch to ALC.

ALC PWR SWR

^ 1 /---------

Placing the Standby switch to send and depressing the CW key will cause the radio to transmit. Transmission is also possible when in the SEMI or FULL

break-in mode by simply depressing the key, with the

Standby switch in the REC position.

Adjust the CAR control until the meter deflection is

within the ALC zone.

7 9 20 40 60

s \ \ N V \ \ \ \ i l / / / / / A

PWR 0 1 SWR 1 1.5

ALC zone

• SEMI and FULL break-in

Two break-in methods are provided with the TS-440S transceiver, SEMI and FULL break-in. With either break-

in operation depressing the CW key will cause the ra dio to transmit without the need for manually switch

ing the SEND/REC switch. The difference between FULL and SEMI break-in is that during FULL break-in operation it is possible to listen between dots and dash es, and that during SEMI break-in it is not.

Note:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

With either SEMI or FULL break-in operation, cross

band/cross mode operation is not possible. Addition ally, when you are using FULL break-in operation you should not work cross band splits, only in the same band.

The TS-440S also provides a side-tone oscillator cir

cuit to allow monitoring of your CW signal during trans

mission.

(a) Semi-automatic break-in

Depressing the CW key will automatically place the

transceiver into the transmit mode. Transmit mode

will be maintained for a period determined by the setting of the VOX DELAY control on the rear panel of the transceiver, even after the CW key is

released.

1—rjnin—T7"

50 100 150 W

5 10 00

(b)

Full-automatic break-in

Depressing the CW key will automatically place the transceiver into the transmit mode. Releasing the CW key will return the radio to receive immediately enabling reception between characters.

Caution: -----------------------------------------------------------------

The TL-922A/922 linear amplifer is not designed for full break-in type operation. Attempting to use this accessory in the FULL break-in mode cause damage to occur to the linear amplifier.

CW OFF SEMI FULL

VOX OFF

On occasion an electronic keyer may be used that has no method of producing a continuous trans mit condition. In order to obtain a continuous car rier for tuning simply place the Standby switch to the SEND position.

3-3-3. FM mode

Select the desired frequency within the 28 MHz amateur radio band. Place the MODE key to FM and the Meter switch to ALC.

ALC PWR SWR

\ I

ZEL

Press the microphone PTT switch or place the Stand by switch to SEND.

Adjust the CAR control until the meter deflection is

within the ALC zone. This will provide full power in the

FM mode.

To decrease the power, place the Meter switch to PWR and while observing the meter rotate the CAR control counterclockwise until the desired output level is ob

tained.

1 3 5 7

9 20 40 60

ALC PWR

SWR

1 /•

s '^\\\\\

PWR 0 V 10 SWR 'l \5 2

ALC zone

Notes:-------------------------------------------------------------------------—

1. The FM power output may fluctuate if running less than full output.

2. Ensure that an antenna with a low SWR is used. The TS-440S provides several protection circuits, continually loading into an antenna with a high SWR

(3 to 1 or greater) will eventually cause damage to

the final amplifiers.

3. The PWR meter reading may not be accurate with high SWR values. Use a good antenna for the most accurate readings.

1 i / / / / / /dB

V 1

\+aLC

Ì II II// 1 /

50 100 150 W

3 5 10 00

• Subaudible tone

An optional subaudible tone unit TU-8 is available for installation in the TS-440S for accessing 10 meter FM repeaters. This tone is activated whenever the TS-440S is in the SPLIT mode.

3-3-4. AM mode

1. Set the Meter switch to PWR.

2. Set the MODE key to AM.

3. Place the Standby switch to SEND.

4. Adjust the CAR control so that the meter indicates 25 watts.

5. Place the Meter switch to ALC.

6. Adjust the MIC gain control so that the meter

deflection does not exceed ALC zone on voice peaks.

3-5-1. Why two VFO's

Occasionally DX stations will utilize an operational

procedure known as split frequency operation. When the DX station is in this mode he will be transmitting on one frequency and receiving on another. This is done in order for the DX station to be able to recog

nize the calls of stations during pile-ups.

Older transceivers required the use of an external VFO

to allow this split frequency operation. The TS-440S,

thru the use of microprocessor controls, effectively pro

vides two separate VFOs in the same package. Several

different controls and switches have been provided to

increase the operators convenience when faced with this type of operation. The use of these controls is dis cussed below.

3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER

(The AT unit AT-440 is required for this function.)

The automatic antenna tuner operates within the amateur radio bands from 3.5 thru 29.7 MFIz.

1. Ensure that an antenna designed for use within the band you intend to operate on is properly connect

ed to the antenna terminal.

2. Set the AUTO/THRU switch to the AUTO position.

3. Place the AT TUNE switch to the ON position. The

AT TUNE indicator will light and the tuner will be

gin tuning. Then the CW mode indicator will light.

4. After a short period the AT TUNE indicator will go OFF and the motors will stop turning.

5. Place the AT TUNE switch to OFF.

6 . Tuning is now completed. You may now carry out

normal communications.

Notes:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. When the AT TUNE switch is ON and the AT indi cator lights but then goes out immediately it is an

indication that the antenna was not that far off resonance and that tuning has been completed.

2 . Normal operation is not possible until the AT TUNE

switch has been turned OFF.

3 . If the motors do not stop turning after approximately

30 seconds, place the AT TUNE switch to OFF, and then back to ON again. The tuner will attempt to tune again, and should find a good match. If the tuner will not stop after several tries it indicates

some problem exists with the antenna system.

Readjust the antenna and feedline before attempt

ing to tune again.

3-5-2. Split frequency

(a) A = B switch

Depressing this switch causes the data contained in the inactive VFO (the VFO that is not currently

being displayed) to change to the same data con

tained in the active VFO (the one currently dis

played). Both the frequency and mode are

changed.

For example: VFO A is set at 7 MHz in LSB, and VFO B is 21 MHz in USB. VFO A is the active VFO

(show on the display). Depressing the A = B switch

will cause VFO B to change to 7 MHz in LSB.

(b) A/B switch

Allows selection of the desired active VFO. Each time this switch is depressed the active VFO will alternate between VFO A and VFO B.

Allows the use of one VFO for transmit, and the

other for receive (Split Frequency operation). For example: VFO A is the active VFO, and VFO B is the inactive VFO. Depressing the SPLIT switch will

cause the TS-440S to receive on VFO A and trans

mit on VFO B. The mode of reception and trans

mission will follow the mode contained in the

appropriate VFO memory. It is possible to work

cross band, cross mode if desired.

To avoid confusion during contest, or pile-up oper

ations we recommend using VFO A for receive and

VFO B for transmit.

(d) T-F SET switch

Depressing this switch will allow you to rapidly set

or check the transmit frequency, during SPLIT

operations, without the need of actually trans

mitting.

3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's

Operational convenience can be enhanced thru the use of both VFO A and VFO B.

This switch is especially convenient when you are

trying to locate the transmit frequency of the sta

tion currently in contact with the DX station, since

depressing this switch allows you to receive on the transmit frequency as long as the switch is held depressed. The TUNING dial is active when this switch is depressed, so it is easy to change your transmitter frequency at the same time, if neces sary. Releasing the switch will return you to the original receive frequency.

3-6. MEMORY

The TS-440S incorporates a convenient 100 channel memory that can be used to store and recall common ly used frequencies. These channels can be subdivid ed into 10 user-defined groups to tailor the TS-440S for optimum operation in a particular application. You

can, for instance, assign channels 10 through 19 to

the 160 meter band, channels 20 through 29 to the

80 meter band, channels 30 through 39 to the 40 meter band (LSB), channels 40 through 49 to the 20 meter band (USB), channels 50 through 59 to the 1 5 meter band, channels 60 to 69 to the 10 meter band (FM), channels 70 through 79 to the 12 meter band, and channels 80 through 89 to various shortwave bands. Channels 90 through 99 could then be assigned as split frequency channels. After completing channel assignments, you can then use the convenient memory scan function to automatically recall the stored fre quencies on a group basis.

b. Enter a two digit channel number using the nu

meric keypad, being sure to include the leading zero for channels 00 through 09. Pressing the CLEAR key or the standby switch before press ing the second digit will return you to the origi nal channel.

A VFO

1 U 1

/ /. /

1 J.U

c n

c. Use the UP/DOWN switches and/or microphone

UP/DOWN switches to scroll thru the different memory positions.

5. When the desired memory channel is displayed, press the M.IN key again. The current frequency and mode will be stored, the scroll mode will be cancelled, and the TS-440S will return to the oper ating mode and frequency that was displayed be fore the M.IN key was pressed initially. Note that if RIT was selected prior to step 2, the actual fre quency stored will be the indicated frequency plus or minus the RIT variable.

3-6-2. Transferring memory information to the VFO.

1. Press the VFO/M key to select the memory mode.

3-6-1. Memory Entry

1. With the TS-440S in the VFO mode, select the desired operating frequency and mode as described

in previous sections.

A VFO

' U 1

1 /. /

c n

1 J.U

2. Press the M.IN switch. The radio will enter the Memory Scroll (M.SCR) mode. The current memory channel number (M.CH), frequency and mode will be displayed, but the actual operating frequency and mode will remain unchanged allowing uninter rupted reception.

n n

u u

3. Select the desired memory channel using one of the three methods described below, a. Turn the TUNING dial until the desired channel

number is displayed (One revolution of the dial cover about 10 channels).

I U / “7 C n

<_ -I

I I. I I J.IJ

2. Select a channel using any of the methods dis cussed under the Memory Entry section.

r n -J O U i~l n I I

O o

/_ /_/.

u u u. u

Press the M^V key. The stored data will be trans

ferred to the active VFO allowing you to begin tun

ing from that point. The TS-440S automatically returns to the VFO mode when the M^V key is

depressed.

A VFO

D O O n n

L U. U U U. U

Notes:--------------------------------------------------------------------

-------

1. The RIT/XIT status will be copied from the memory to the VFO when the M^V key is depressed.

2. When data is transferred from the split frequency

memory, the active VFO is loaded with the receive data and the inactive VFO will be loaded with the transmit data. The TS-440S will then automatical ly enter the SPLIT mode.

3. This operation will not function if no data is con-

+ 39 hidden pages

Kenwood TS-440S User Manual

CONTENTS

1. FEATURES

1. Wide dynamic range

3. Automatic antenna tuner

4. All-mode operation

5. 100% continuous duty transmit

6. CW full break-in

7. Build-in XIT

8. Switchable IF bandwidth

9. Switchable AGC time constant

10. All mode squelch

11. Built-in RF power/SWR meter

12. Versatile frequency control

2. INSTALLATION

2-2-1. Interconnection

Notes:

2-3-2. Power supply connection Cautions:

2-2-4. Key connection

2-3. MOBILE

2-3-1. Mounting bracket installation

Notes:

3. OPERATION

3-1. OPERATING CONTROLS

3-1-1. Front panel

0 POWER switch

(2) Meter

MODE/KEY (Numeric Keypad)

Indicators

(^ Frequency display

(D FUNCTION switches

(j) MIC gain control

CAR (Carrier level) control

SQL (Squelch) control

(0) NOTCH control

(Q) IF SHIFT control

RF gain control

® RIT/XIT control

(Q) AF gain control

SELECTIVITY switch

(jj) AGC switch

® NOTCH switch

PROC (Processor) switch

(jj) F.LOCK switch

@ UP/DOWN switches

1 MHz step switch

@ TUNING dial (VFO)

@) Program keys

PHONES jack

MIC jack

@ AT TUNE switch

@ AUTO/THRU switch

Standby switch

@ ALC/PWR/SWR meter switch

@ ATT (Attenuator) switch

NB (Noise Blanker) switch

VOICE switch

(T) ACC 3 terminal

(2) AFSK IN terminal

AFSK OUT terminal

® ANTI VOX control

vox GAIN control

@ ACC 1 jack

(D EXT. SP (External speaker) jack

(9) DC power connector

KEY jack

(Q) ANT (Antenna) connector

® GND (Ground) terminal

@ ACC 2 jack

Internal wiring

3-1-3. Top cover

VOX/BREAK IN switch

(Q) REMOTE connector

3-2. RECEIVE

3-2-1. Initial setting

3-2-2. CW zero-beat operation Zero-beat operation with a station during CW mode

3-3. TRANSMIT

3-4. AUTOMATIC ANTENNA TUNER

(The AT unit AT-440 is required for this function.)

3-5. DUAL DIGITAL VFO's