This manual is intended for use by experienced technicians familiar with similar types of commercial grade communications equipment. It contains all required service information for the equipment and is current as of the publication data. Changes which may occur after publication are
covered by either Service Bulletins or Manual Revisions.
These are issued as required.
ORDERING REPLACEMENT PARTS
When ordering replacement parts or equipment information, the full part identification number should be included.
This applies to all parts : components, kits, or chassis. If the
part number is not known, include the chassis or kit number
of which it is a part, and a sufficient description of the required component for proper identification.
PERSONNEL SAFETY
The following precautions are recommended for personnel safety :
• DO NOT transmit until all RF connectors are verified se-
cure and any open connectors are properly terminated.
• SHUT OFF and DO NOT operate this equipment near
electrical blasting caps or in an explosive atmosphere.
• This equipment should be serviced by a qualified techni-
cian only.
SERVICE
This radio is designed for easy servicing. Refer to the
schematic diagrams, printed circuit board views, and alignment procedures contained within.
Unit
Model & Destination0-100-11
TK-5400
2
K✓✓806~825MHz (TX)1st IF : 44.85MHz–
K2✓✓851~870MHz (TX,RX)LOC : 44.395MHz✓
X57-6530-10
X53-4030-XX
NOTE
WE CANNOT guarantee oscillator stability when using
channel element manufactured by other than KENWOOD or
its authorized agents.
Frequency rangeRemarksKeypad
SYSTEM SET-UP / OPERATING FEATURES
Merchandise received
License and frequency allocated by FCC
TK-5400
Choose the type of transceiver
Transceiver programming
Are you using the optional antenna?
NO
Are you using the speaker microphone?
NO
Delivery
Model type
A personal computer (IBM PC or compatible), programming
interface (KPG-36), and programming software (KPG-78D)
are required for programming.
(The frequency, signalling data and features are programmed
for the transceiver.)
YES
YES
KRA-24
Whip antenna
KMC-25
TK-5400 K
TK-5400 K2
(Option)
No keypad
With keypad
OPERATING FEATURES
1. Getting Acquainted1-1. Key Descriptions
q Transmit/Busy/Battery low indicator
Lights red while transmitting. Lights green while receiving. Flashes red when the battery power is low while
transmitting. Replace or recharge the battery pack when
AB
Microphone
Speaker
the battery is low.
Note : This indicator can be disabled by your dealer.
w Power switch/Volume control
Turn clockwise to switch ON the transceiver. Rotate to
adjust the volume. Turn counterclockwise fully to switch
OFF the transceiver.
e Rotary encoder
Rotate this encoder to activate its programmable function
(page 4).
r Antenna connector
Connect an (optional KRA-24) antenna to this SMA male
type antenna connector.
t Toggle switch
Switch the toggle position to activate its programmable
function (page 4).
y Display
Refer to the display on page 4.
u Top 1 key
Press to activate its auxiliary function (page 4).
i Top 2 key
Press to activate its auxiliary function (page 4).
o Battery pack release latch
Pull back on this latch to release the battery pack.
3
TK-5400
OPERATING FEATURES
!0 Orange key
Press to activate its auxiliary function (page 4).
!1 PTT (Push-To -Talk) switch
Press this switch, then speak into the microphone to call
a station.
!2 Side 1 key
Press to activate its auxiliary function (page 4).
!3 Side 2 key
Press to activate its auxiliary function (page 4).
!4 Keypad (keypad models only)
Press the keys on the keypad to send DTMF tones.
!5 Universal connector
Connect the (optional) speaker/microphone here. Otherwise, keep the supplied cover in place.
1-2. Display
IndicatorDescription
Displays the operating zone or channel
number (or name). Also displays various
menu functions.
Displays the operating zone, channel, or
tone number. When the zone/channel
number is between 100 and 199, the
lower dot lights. When the number is
between 200 and 299, the upper dot
also lights. Also displays tA (Talk
Around), P1 (Priority 1), or P2 (Priority 2),
and other codes, depending on the
function being used.
Appears when a channel is added to the
scanning sequence.
Appears when you are using Scan mode.
Appears when the monitor function is
active.
Appears when low power is selected.
Appears when you are using the
Operator Selectable Tone function.
Reserved for future operation.
4
2. Programmable Functions
Refer to the following tables to determine which functions are available for appropriate channels (N/A = Not Available).
Conventional FM :
Channels set up for Conventional FM Operation
Conventional APCO :
Channels set up for Conventional APCO Operation
Trunking APCO :
The KPG-36 is required to interface TK-5400 to the computer. It has a circuit in its D-sub 25pin connector case that
converts RS-232C logic level to TTL level.
KPG-36 is used to connect between TK-5400 universal
connector and RS-232C serial port of computer.
3-3. Programming Software KPG-78D Description
KPG-78D is the programming software for TK-5400 supplied on a 3.5" floppy disk. This software runs under Windows 95, 98, ME or Windows 2000 on an IBM-PC/XT, AT, or
PS2 or compatible machine.
The data can be input to or read from TK-5400 and edited
on the screen. The programmed or edited data can be
printed out. It is also possible to tune the transceiver.
We recommend that install KPG-78D for example to
harddisk first then use it.
KPG-78D instruction manual part No. : B62-1593-XX.
IBM-PC
KPG-36
REALIGNMENT
1. Mode
ModeFunction
User modeCustomer use this mode
PC modeCommunication between the radio
and PC (IBM compatible).
It requires the KPG-78D
PC programming modeFrequency, signalling and features
write to the radio and read from
the radio.
PC test modeCheck the radio using the PC.
This feature is included in the FPU.
Panel test modeDealer use to check the fundamen-
(Refer to Adjustment)tal characteristics.
Firmware programming mode
Re-write the firmware of the flash
ROM.
KPG-78D
Fig. 1
2. How to Enter Each Mode
ModeOperation
User modePower on
PC modePower on begins the USER MODE.
Panel test modeHold down the [Side 2] key and
[PTT], turn the radio power on, and
release [PTT] first.
Firmware programming mode
Held down the [Side 2] key and
[PTT], turn the radio power on, and
release [Side 2] key first.
5
TK-5400
REALIGNMENT
3. Firmware Programming Mode
3-1. Preface
Flash memory is mounted on the transceiver. This al-
lows the transceiver to be upgraded when new features are
released in the future. (For details on how to obtain the firmware, contact Customer Service.)
3-2. Connection Procedure
Connect the transceiver to the personal computer (IBM
PC or compatible) with the interface cable (KPG-36). (Connection is the same as in the PC Mode.)
3-3. Programming
1. Start up the firmware programming software (Fpro).
2. Set the communications speed and communications port
in the Configuration items.
3. Set the firmware to be updated by File select.
4. Held down the [Side 2] and [PTT]. Turn the transceiver
power on, and release [Side 2] first. Until the display
change to “PROGRAM”, also the green LED turns on.
5. Check the connection between the transceiver and the
personal computer, and make sure that the transceiver is
in the Program mode.
6. Click the “Write” button on the personal computer. A
window will display to indicate progress of writing.
When the transceiver starts to receive data, “PG” is appeared on 2 digit small LCD.
7. If writing ends successfully, the red LED on the transceiver lights and the checksum is displayed.
8. If you want to continue programming other transceivers,
repeat steps 4 to 7.
Notes :
• This mode cannot be entered if the Firmware programming mode is set to Disable in the Programming software (KPG-78D).
• If the updating firmware fails to update the firmware, the
red LED on the transceiver does not light and an incorrect
checksum appears.
In this case, turn the transceiver off, then turn it on. The
transceiver will automatically starts the Firmware programming mode.
• Since the updating firmware (non-erasable) is stored in
the transceiver, you can safely upload the new control
firmware again, even if it fails.
• Make sure the communication speed between the FPRO
program and the transceiver settings are the same. Refer to section 3-4. for details.
• When programming the firmware, it is recommend to
copy the data from the floppy disk to your hard disk before your update the radio firmware.
Directly copying from the floppy disk to the radio may not
work because the access speed is too slow.
• Use a fully charged battery to load firmware into the
transceiver.
• Do not turn the power off while loading the firmware.
• If the firmware is loaded in Firmware Programming
Mode, use Fpro.EXE of Version 3.01 or later.
• If the firmware is loaded into the transceiver using
Fpro.EXE of Version 3.00 or earlier, the old firmware in
the transceiver must be erased before loading the new
firmware.
3-4. Function
1. If you press the [Top 2] key while “PROGRAM” is displayed, the checksum is displayed. If you press the
[Top 2] key while the checksum is displayed, “PROGRAM” is redisplayed.
2. A transmission speed can be selected by pressing the
[Top 1] key while “PROGRAM” is displayed.
19200bps : P R O G R A M.1 dot lights
38400bps : P R O G R A. M.2 dot lights
57600bps : P R O G R. A. M.3 dot lights
3. Firmware Erasing Method
Hold down the [orange] key in Firmware Programming
Mode for longer than two seconds, “PROGAM” appears
on the LCD, the Orange LED illuminates, and firmware
erasure begins.
When the firmware is erased from the transceiver, the
Orange LED goes off.
Note :
Normally, write in the high-speed mode.
4. Panel Test Mode
Setting method refer to ADJUSTMENT.
6
DISASSEMBLY FOR REPAIR
TK-5400
Disassembly of Front Case and Chassis
1. Remove the 2 screws (1) and a cap fixed screw (2).
2. Press the chassis bottom upwards and remove the clips
3
) at the top. The front case is still connected to the
(
chassis by the FPC at this time so be gentle when lifting
upwards, otherwise unwanted stress is applied on the
FPC.
3. The front case and chassis can only be opened to the
4
side when connected by the FPC (
Front case
3
4
).
Chassis
2
1
Remove the TX-RX Unit from the Chassis
1. The TX-RX unit cannot be removed simply by removing
5
the eight screws (
2. A total of eight solder connections on the RF power amplifier board (6).
).
Remove the Side Key Assy
1. The side key assy is clips form a slide-hook structure. Lift
up gently and take from the side (10).
Side key assy
10
Disassembly of the Panel Assy
1. The LCD assy and toggle switch are joined by wire (11).
Use caution not to break this wire during handling.
Toggle switch
11
LCD assy
Remove the Universal Connector
1. The universal connector (7) is fastened to the chassis
with double-side tape.
2. Press firmly with a tool such as a screwdriver and so that
8
it can peel (
Note : You must replace both parts together when replacing the universal connector or the FPC (
6
).
).
9
5
6
6
6
7
8
x8
9
Panel assy
7
TK-5400
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
1. Overview
The KENWOOD model TK-5400 is an 800MHz/FM/APCO
hand-held transceiver designed to operate in the frequency
range of 806 to 825MHz (TX)., 851 to 870MHz (TX/RX), the
unit consists of a receiver, a transmitter, a phase-locked
loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer, base band parts, power
supply circuits, a control unit.
2. Circuit Configuration by Frequency
The receiver is a double-conversion superheterodyne using first intermediate frequency (IF) of 44.85MHz and second IF of 455kHz. Incoming signals from the antenna are
mixed with the local signal from the PLL circuit to produce
the first IF of 44.85MHz.
This is then mixed with the 44.395MHz second local oscillator output to produce the 455kHz second IF. This signal
is detected to give the demodulated signal in the DSP.
The transmit signal frequency is generated by the PLL
VCO, and modulated by the signal from the DSP. It is then
amplified and fed to the antenna.
ANT
TX 806~825MHz
RX 851~870MHz
ANT
AMP
SW
PA
AMP
AMP
851~870MHz
1st MIX
RF
TX
806~825MHz
851~870MHz
MCF
44.85MHz
44.395MHz
806.15~
825.15MHz
CF
455kHz
MIX
IF AMP
OSC
PLL
VCO
A/D
D/A
DSP
AF
AMP
MIC
AMP
SP
MIC
The VCO oscillation frequencies are 403 to 412.5MHz
and 425.5 to 435MHz, and locking occurs at both ranges of
doubled frequencies of 806 to 825MHz and 851 to 870MHz.
The VCO output components, other than the doubled frequencies, are eliminated by a band-pass filter, and the resulting signal is amplified by a buffer amplifier (Q201) and
routed to pin 5 of the PLL IC. The VCO output is amplified
by two buffer amplifiers (Q205, Q206) and routed to the
transmit drive stage and receiver mixer through the TX/RX
switch (D101, D102).
The PLL IC consists of a prescaler, a fractional divider, a
reference divider, phase a comparator and a charge pump.
The PLL IC is a fractional N type synthesizer and operates at
100kHz, which is 8 times the 12.5kHz channel step. The
input signal from pins 5 and 16 of the PLL IC are divided to
100kHz in the PLL IC and compared with a phase comparator. The pulse output signal of the phase comparator is applied to the charge pump and converted to a DC signal with
a loop filter (LPF). The DC signal is applied to pin 4 of the
VCO and locked to keep the VCO at a fixed frequency.
The PLL division data is output from DPM (pin 29), CPM
(pin 30) and EPM (pin 31) of the microprocessor (IC507),
converted by level converters (IC201, IC203, IC202) and input to the PLL IC. This division data is fed to the PLL IC
when the channel is changed or when transmission is
switched to reception. The PLL frequency lock state is always monitored with pin 78 (UL) of the microprocessor.
When the PLL is unlocked, the UL goes Low.
When the TK-5400 is operated for Talk Around, the transmit frequency is 851 to 870MHz, so pin 5 (TA) of the VCO is
made Low during transmission and the VCO oscillation frequency band is switched. The control signal that is sent to
pin 5 of the VCO is output from the shift register IC (IC701)
controlled by the microprocessor, and a High signal is output
except for Talk Around transmission.
Fig. 1Frequency configuration
3.PLL Frequency Synthesizer
The PLL frequency synthesizer of the TK-5400 transceiver consists of a VCXO (X201), a VCO (L702), a PLL IC
(IC204) and a buffer amplifier (Q201).
The PLL reference oscillator VCXO produces 16.8MHz
and its frequency stability is 1.5 ppm or less (Temperature
range –30 to +60°C). VCXO frequency tuning and modula-
tion are performed by applying voltage to pin 1 of the VCXO.
The VCXO oscillation output is applied to pin 16 of the PLL
IC.
8
(TA :
LOW)
UL
CPU
IC507
L702Q205Q206
TA
DPM
CPM
EPM
VCO
1
CV
PLL IC
Level
Shifter
BPF
IC204
IC201
IC202
IC203
BUFFLPF
5
16
Fig. 2PLL block diagram
D101
BUFF
Q201
VCXODAC
BUFFSW
SW
To mixer
TO
D102
IC605IC607X201
To
drive
amp
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
TK-5400
4. Power Supply Circuit
The battery power (+B) is supplied from the battery terminal to the TX-RX unit through a 3A fuse. The power (SB)
that passes through the power supply are routed to three
AVR ICs (IC702, IC704, IC705), the DC/DC converter IC
(C402) and the power transistor switch (Q5,Q6 : Control
unit) for the audio amplifier IC. It is then reduced to 3.8V by
the DC/DC converter IC and the signal goes to the three
AVR ICs (IC403, IC404, IC405).
5C is common 5V. Unless SAVE is set to OFF, 5V is always output. 5R is 5V for the receive circuitry and 5V is
supplied to the RF receive circuit during reception. 5T and
5TB are 5V for the transmit circuitry and 5V is supplied to the
RF transmit circuit during transmission. 5M supplies 5V to
the shared circuits. 33D mainly provides 3.3V to the microprocessor (IC507), DSP (IC611) I/O section and memory IC
(IC508). 25D supplies 2.5V to the DSP core. 33A mainly
supplies 3.3V to the A/D converter IC (IC609) for reception
and the codec IC (IC608). 33AR provides 3.3V to the 2nd IF
amplifier (IC302) for reception.
The power (Vp) switched from the SB by Q5 and Q6 (control unit) supplies approx. 7V to the audio amplifier IC (IC1).
The transmit power amplifier power supply (Vd) provides
approx. 7.2V from +B through the 3A fuse and current detection resistor.
5. Receiver System
5-1. Front-end RF Amplifier
The signal are passed through an antenna matching coil,
where the high-frequency components are amplified by a
dual gate FET (Q302). The signals are then fed through the
band-pass filter (L302, L307) to reject unwanted signal components, and is fed to the 1st mixer.
5-2. First Mixer
The 1st mixer uses the IC (IC301). The 1st mixer mixes
the signal with the signal 1st local oscillator frequency from
the VCO, and converts it to the 1st IF (44.85MHz).
The signal then passes through monolithic crystal filter
(XF301) to remove unnecessary nearby frequency components. The signal from the MCF is used as the 1st IF signal.
+B 7.5V
3A FUSE
Q702
Power SW
SB
5M
5V
IC705
AVR IC
IC402
DC/DC IC
5V
IC401
REG
5CC (Shift Register)
AMP SW (Shift Register)
3.8V
5RC (Shift Register)
IC702
AVR IC
5TR
5TBC (Shift Register)
5C
IC704
AVR IC
IC701 (7 pin)
Q5,Q6
Tr SW
IC701 (4 pin)
33D
IC405
AVR IC
25D
IC404
AVR IC
33A
IC403
AVR IC
IC701 (6 pin)
5V
Q714
FET SW
IC701 (14 pin)
5V
7V
Fig. 3Power supply circuit
7.2V
3.3V
2.5V
3.3V
Q306
FET SW
Q709
FET SW
5T
Q712
Tr SW
5TC (Shift Register)
IC701 (5 pin)
Vd
5M
33D
25D
33A
33AR
5R
5TB
5T
5C
Vp
ItemRating
Nominal center frequency44.85MHz
Pass bandwidth±5 to 7kHz at 3dB
Attenuation bandwidth±25kHz or less at 30dB
Ripple1.0dB or less
Insertion loss4dB or less
Guaranteed attenuation80dB or more at fo±910kHz
40dB or more within fo±1MHz
Terminating impedance350Ω/4.5pF
Table 1Crystal filter XF301 (L71-0588-05)
L302
BPF
XF301
MCF
MIX, IF AMP
OSC
IC301
1st MIX
IC303
CF301
Q302
RF AMP
Q304
1st IF AMP
X301
44.395MHz
L307
BPF
Fig. 4Receiver system
T/R
SW
CF302
9
TK-5400
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
5-3. IF Amplifier
The 1st IF signal is amplified (Q304) and fed into IC303 in
the MIX, IF AMP IC. The IF signal is then mixed with the
2nd local oscillator frequency of 44.395MHz to generate the
2nd IF of 455kHz. The 455kHz signal is then passed through
a ceramic filter (CF301) and fed back into IC303 for additional amplification. Again the 455kHz signal is then passed
through a ceramic filter (CF302).
5-4. Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Demodulation
Processing
The 455kHz signal that passes through the ceramic filter
is amplified to the appropriate value by the 2nd IF amplifier
and fed to ADC (pin 6 of IC609). The base band signal A/Dconverted at the ADC is processed by the DSP (IC611).
The DSP performs FM demodulation for FM signals and
C4FM demodulation for C4FM signals. Then, the base band
signal is D/A-converted and an AF signal is output from
CODEC (pin 15 of IC608).
The D/A-converted noise component enters the SW (pin
5 of IC706) through CODEC (pin 16 of IC608) and is output
as a squelch noise signal.
MOD
IC706
IC302
2nd IF
AMP
IC609
ADC
IC611
DSP
NOISE
IC608
CODEC
AF
SW
Fig. 5DSP demodulation processing
5-6. Audio Amplifier Circuit
• TX-RX unit
The converted D/A signal from IC608 is amplified by AF
amplifier IC606 (2/2). The signal then goes through an electronic volume control (IC605), an AF amplifier IC607 (2/2),
and an AF switch (Q8 is on and Q7 is on/off the control unit),
and is routed to audio power amplifier (IC1 of the control
unit), where the signal is amplified and output to the internal
speaker.
• Control unit
The audio mute signal (AMP SW) from the microprocessor becomes Low in the standby mode and Q5 and Q6 in
the power supply circuit for IC1 are turned off. When the
audio outputs, AMP SW becomes High to turn Q5 and Q6
on, and the DC is supplied to power terminal VP of IC1.
Speaker switching is performed by the IC701 (TX-RX unit)
using INT AFC or EXT AFC. First, the logic level at the
speakers switching terminal (SSW) on the universal connector is fed to the microprocessor (IC507 TX-RX unit). The microprocessor then outputs data to IC701 based on this input.
When there is no SP-MIC installed, this logic level becomes high. When the INT AFC is high, the EXT AFC goes
low, so the AF signal is only fed to the amplifier for the internal speaker (INT SP) of IC1.
However, when a SP-MIC has been connected, this logic
level becomes low, so the INT AFC goes low and the EXT
AFC goes high. In this case, the AF signal is fed only to
amplifier for the external speaker (EXT SP) of IC1.
5-5. Squelch Circuit
The output from the SW (IC706 pin 6), goes through a
low-pass filter (IC601 2/2). The noise component from
IC601 (2/2) is amplified by Q602 and rectified by D602 to
produce a DC voltage corresponding to the noise level. The
DC voltage is fed to the CPU (IC507 pin 88).
IC601
LPF AMP
Q602
NOISE
AMP
D602
DET
IC507
CPU
Fig. 6Squelch circuit
SB
AMP SW
AF
INT AFC
EXT AFC
IC606
AF AMP
Q8
IC605
DAC
VOL
Q5
IC1
Q7
SWSW
Q15
SW
IC607
AF AMP
Fig. 7Audio amplifier circuit
Q6
INT.SP
EXT.SP
AF
10
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
TK-5400
6. Transmitter System
6-1. Microphone Amplifier
The signal from the noise canceller amplifier (control unit
IC3) passes through the MIC changeover circuit (Q711), the
mute switch (Q713) and the AGC circuit, and goes to the
microphone amplifier IC (IC602).
When an accessory speaker microphone (SP-MIC) is not
installed, the microphone switching terminal (MSW/CTS)
goes high and the microphone changeover switch (Q711)
turns on. When the SP-MIC is installed, the MSW/CTS is
connected to GND in the SP-MIC, Q711 turns off, the internal microphone is muted and only the external microphone
input is supplied to the microphone amplifier of the TX-RX
unit.
The AGC circuit consists of IC602 (1/2), D600, D601,
Q600 and Q601. The AGC is operated by using the current
obtained by detecting positive or negative polarity of the audio signal amplified by IC602 (1/2) and controlling the positive (+) and negative (–) level of the amplifier.
The transmit audio signal output from IC602 (2/2) is input
to pin 3 (AINL) of the codec IC (IC608) and converted from
analog to digital. The digitalized transmit audio signal undergoes AGC processing, pre-emphasizing, filtering, vocoding
(in APCO mode), and returns to the codec IC (IC608). The
signal is converted from digital to analog and an analog signal (C4FM base band signal in APCO mode) is output from
pin 16 (AOUTR).
The audio signal that is DSP-processed by the codec IC
(IC608) and DSP (IC611) passes through the analog switch
(IC706) and amplifier (IC606, IC604) and goes to the D/A
converter (IC605). The audio signal whose maximum deviation is adjusted by the D/A converter passes through the AF
switch (Q202 is off in TX mode) and goes to VCO modulation input. The audio signal whose modulation balance is
adjusted by the D/A converter passes through a buffer amplifier (IC607) and goes to VCXO modulation input.
EXT.
MIC
MAIN
MIC
SUB
(IC703)
MUTE
SW
AMPAMP
SW
N/C
AMP
(CONT)
MIC
Q710
MSW/CTS
IC706
SW
Q711IC3
IC606IC604
Fig. 8Microphone amplifier
D600
D601
DET
ATTAMP
D/A
IC602
BUFF
AMP
IC607X201
Q600
Q601
SW
5R
IC611
DSP
CODEC
IC608
L702Q202IC605
VCO
VCXO
6-2. Noise Cancelling Microphone Circuit
The two signals from INT MIC (Main & Sub) are fed to the
positive (+) input (Sub) and to the negative (–) input (Main) of
the IC3. If the same signals is fed to both Main and Sub, the
Main signal is terminated at the output of IC3 (pin7). In another words, noise from nearby sources not directly connected to the transceiver enters the Main and Sub input at
the same signals and is therefore canceled out.
When a signal is only fed to the Main and there is no
signal at the Sub, IC3 (pin 7) outputs the Main signal as it is.
In other words, only the voice audio of the operator to the
Main MIC is input to the Main so that “N/C” switch is set to
“L”, transistor Q14 is turned off and the Sub microphone
also is turned off and the operation is same as above.
6-3. Drive and Final Amplifier
The signal from the T/R switch (D101 is active) is amplified by the pre-drive (Q101) and drive amplifier (Q103) to
50mW. The drive amplifier output is amplified by the RF
power amplifier (Q1, Q2, Q3) to 3W (1W when the power is
low).
The RF power amplifier has two-stage MOS FET transistor. The output of the RF power amplifier is then passed
through the Transmit-Receive (TX-RX) antenna switching
(D103 is active) and low-pass filter (LPF) and applied to the
antenna terminal.
6-4. APC Circuit
The APC circuit always monitors the current flow through
the RF power amplifier (Q1, Q2 or Q3) and maintains a constant current. The voltage drop at R101, R102 and R103 is
caused by the current flow through the RF power amplifier
and this voltage is applied to the differential amplifier (IC101
1/2).
IC101 (2/2) compares the output voltage of IC101 (1/2)
with the reference voltage from IC605. The output of IC101
(2/2) controls the voltages the VGG of the RF power amplifier to make the both voltages to same voltage.
The power high/low switching is carried out by changing
the reference voltage. The Q102, Q104 and Q105 are
turned on in transmit and the APC circuit is active.
ANT
From
T/R SW
(D101)
+B
REF
VOL
(IC605)
Q101
Pre
DRIVE
AMP
R101
R102
R103
Q104
SW
Q103
DRIVE
AMP
Q1,2,3
RF
POWER
AMP
IC101
(1/2)
D103
TX-RX
ANT
SW
Q105
VGGVDD
SW
––
++
IC101
(2/2)
LPF
Q102
SW
Fig. 9Drive and final amplifier and APC circuit
11
TK-5400
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
7. Control Circuit
The control unit has microprocessor IC507, flash
memory IC508, and its peripheral circuits. It controls the TXRX unit and transfers data to and from the control unit. The
CPU (IC507) mainly performs the following:
1) Switch between transmission and reception with the PTT
signal input.
2) Read a channel, frequency, and program data from the
memory circuit.
3) Send a frequency program data to the PLL.
4) Control the audio mute circuit by decode data input.
5) Send serial data to output expander (IC701, IC703) to
control various function in the unit.
7-1. CPU
The CPU (IC507) is a 16bit single-chip microprocessor,
equipped with a 64k ROM and 10k RAM. This CPU operates at 12.288MHz clock and 3.3V DC. Controls the flash
memory IC, the DSP, the receive circuit, the transmitter circuit, the control circuit, and the display circuit and transfers
data to or from an external device.
7-2. Memory Circuit
IC508 is a flash memory with 8M bits capacity that stores
the transceiver control program for the CPU and the data
such as transceiver channels and operating parameters.
This program can be easily written from an external devices. The data, such as DTMF memories and operating
parameters, are stored into the EEPROM (IC505).
7-4. D/A Converter
IC605 is used as a conventional semi-fixed-resister con-
verter. It controls the followings:
1) Transmission power
2) Modulation level
3) Audio power
4) Frequency
7-5. Key Input
Kl1 or Kl2 becomes HIGH when a key is pressed (or En-
able signal on the optional circuit).
When Kl1 or Kl2 becomes HIGH, Kl0 also becomes HIGH
to trigger the interrupt to IC507 in order to start the key
scan.
When the key scan starts, the output terminals (Q1~Q5)
become LOW. Only the key sensing circuit remains HIGH.
When a key is pressed, the signal routed through Kl1 or Kl2
to the microprocessor. Then, the microprocessor determines which key is pressed using this signals.
IC2
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Monitor
Tone1Tone2
CLK
DAT
STB
IC504IC507
Level
Shifter IC
IC5
AND IC
CLK
DAT
STB
CPU
7-3. Shift Register Circuit
IC701 and 703 are interface ICs for the output port expan-
sion. It is used to expand the CPU (IC507) output ports.
IC505
EEPROM
IC506
Reset IC
X501IC502
TCXO
12.288MHz
IC507
CPU
IC611
DSP
IC508
FLASH
ROM
IC701,703
Shift
Register IC
IC605
D/A IC
IC608
CODEC IC
IC609
A/D IC
Fig. 10Control circuit
OPPTT
KEY1
IC6IC4
SW ASW B
AND IC
AND IC
TCONTMAN D
KEY2
Fig. 11Key input
7-6. Low Battery Warning
The battery voltage is monitored by the microprocessor
(IC507). When the battery voltage falls below the voltage
set by the Low battery warning adjustment, the red LED
blinks to notify the operator that it is time to replace the battery. If the battery voltage falls even more (approx. 6.0V), a
beep sounds and transmission stops.
Low battery warningBattery condition
The red LED blinks duringThe battery voltage is low but
transmissionthe transceiver is still usable.
The red LED blinks andThe battery voltage is low but
continuous beep soundsthe transceiver is not usable to
while the PTT pressedmake calls.
12
TK-5400
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION / SEMICONDUCTOR DATA
7-7. DSP
The DSP circuit consists of a DSP (IC611), a codec
(IC608), and an A/D converter (IC609) and processes the
base band signal. The DSP (IC611) operates on an external
clock of 12.288MHz (the same as the CPU), the I/O section
operates at 3.3V and the core section operates at 2.5V. The
DSP carries out the following processes:
• C4FM modulation and demodulation
• Analog FM modulation and demodulation
• Vocoder (IMBE) processing between audio codec and
modulation/demodulation
• CAI processing, such as error correction encoding
• QT/DQT encoding/decoding
• DTMF encoding
• Compressor/expander processing
• Transmit/receive audio filtering processing
• VOX processing
• Microphone amplifier AGC processing
• Beep tone generation, audio mute processing
• Modulation level processing
8. Signaling Circuit
8-1. Encode (QT/DQT/DTMF)
Each signaling data signal of QT, DQT and DTMF is generated by the DSP circuit, superposed on a modulation signal and output from pin 16 of the codec IC (IC608).
The modulation balance of the QT/DQT signal is adjusted
by the D/A converter (IC605) and the resulting signal is
routed to the modulation input of the VCO (L702) and VCXO
(X201).
The DTMF deviation of the TX DTMF tone is adjusted by
the D/A converter (IC605) and the resulting signal is routed
to VCO and VCXO. The RX DTMF tone is output from pin 15
of the codec IC, passes through the receive audio signal system, and is output from the speaker.
8-2. Decode (QT/DQT)
The audio signal is removed from the FM detection signal
sent to the DSP circuit and the resulting signal is decoded.
9. Compander Circuit
The term “compander” means compressor and expander. The compander reduces noise by utilizing a compressor and an expander.
The TK-5400 contains DSP IC (IC611) to perform this operation. The TK-5400 compander can be turned on or off
using the FPU.
1. PLL : SA7026DH (TX-RX Unit IC204)
1-1. Block Diagram
17
CLOCK
DATA
STROBE
RFin+
RFin–
REFin+
REFin–
AUXin
TEST
2-bit Shift
18
19
Address decoder
5
6
Amp
16
15
Amp
12
2
register
Load signals
Latch
Reference
divider
22-bit Shift
register
Control
latch
Latch
Main divider
SM
2222
SA
Latch
AUX divider
47,10
GNDGND
CP
1-2. Pin Function
Pin No.
Pin NameFunction
1LOCKLock detect output
2TESTTest (should be either grounded or
connected to VDD)
3VDDDigital supply
4GNDDigital ground
5RFin+RF input to main divider
6RFin–RF input to main divider
7GNDCPCharge pump ground
8PHPMain normal charge pump
9PHIMain integral charge pump
10GNDCPCharge pump ground
11PHAAuxiliary charge pump output
12AUXinInput to auxiliary divider
13VDDCPCharge pump supply voltage
14RSETExternal resistor from this pin to ground
sets the charge pump current
15REFin–Reference input
16REFin+Reference input
17CLOCKProgramming bus clock input
18DATAProgramming bus data input
19STROBEProgramming bus enable input
20PONPower down control
Pump
current
setting
Pump
bias
COMP
Phase
detector
Phase
detector
3
V
DD
13
V
DDCP
14
R
SET
20
PON
8
PHP
9
PHI
1
LOCK
11
PHA
13
TK-5400
SEMICONDUCTOR DATA
2. Microprocessor : 30620M8A-2W4GP (TX-RX Unit IC507)
2-1. Terminal Function
No.Port NameI/OFunction
1P94/DA1/TB41NINot used : GND Pull-down
2(HSDO)OHSD Output (Not used)
3PWROSB Contorol
4SCLOEEPROM Clock
5SDAI/OEEPROM Data
6BYTEIData Bus 8 bits
7CNVssIExtended Memory Mode
8BSWOBattery Detect SW
9(CLKS)OBeat Shift (Not used)
10RESET-Reset Iuput
11Xout-NC
12Vss-GND
13Xin-12.288MHz
14Vcc-+3.3V
15NMIINot used : Vcc Pull-up
16BDET (INT2)Iµ-com Stop Interrupt
17PSW (INT1)IPower Switch Detect
18HINT (INT0)IDSP Interrupt
19CLKMOCommon Data
20DATMOCommon Clock
21LDMOD/A CS
22LCDCSMOLCD CS
23KESMOKey Counter CS
24STBMOShift Register CS
25P73INot used : GND Pull-down
26SOEOShift Register OE
27PTTIPTT
28EXSPIExt. SP Install Check
29DPMOPLL Data
30CPMOPLL Clock
31LEMOPLL CS
32CTSMICTS
33TXDMOTXD
34RXDMIRXD
35DSRMIDSR
36RTSMORTS
37RDYIDSP Ready
38ALEONC
No.Port NameI/OFunction
39HOLDINot used : Vcc Pull-up
40HLDAONC
41BCLKONot used : Vcc Pull-up
42RDOFlash Memory RD bus
43BHEONC
44WROFlash Memory WR bus
45FRBSYIFlash Memory RY/BY
46DSPRSTODSP RESET
47CS1ODSP CS
48CS0OFlash ROM CS
49~59A19~A9OFlash Memory Address bus
60Vcc-+3.3V
61A8OFlash Memory Address bus
62Vss-GND
63~70A7~A0OFlash Memory Address bus
71CH_AIRotary SW 1
72CH_BIRotary SW 2
73CH_CIRotary SW 3
74CH_DIRotary SW 4
75TGLIToggle SW
76SELFINot used
77DINTODSP Interrupt
78ULIPLL Lock Detect
79~86D7~D0I/OFlash Memory Data bus
87(SENSB)ITX Inhibit
88P106/AN6/K23ISQL Level
89CVIVCO CV
90(RSSI)IRSSI Level
91(TEMP)ITemperature
92BATTIBattery Level
93REMISP Key 1/2
94Avss-GND
95VOLIVolume Level
96Vref-+3.3V
97Avcc-+3.3V
98KEY1IKey Counter Return 1
99KEY2IKey Counter Return 2
100KEY0IKey Input
14
SEMICONDUCTOR DATA
3. DC/DC Converter : XC6365D103M (TX-RX Unit IC402)
3-1. Block Diagram
FB
CE
5
3
Error amp
Vref with
soft start,
CE
compensation
+
–
PWM/PFM
controller
Phase
PWM
comparator
+
–
Ramp wave
generator,
OSC
Buffer
driver
2
VDD
1
EXT/
3
GND
4. VCO : L78-0500-05 (TX-RX Unit L702)
4-1. Schematic Diagram
L4R4
C5
D2
C19
C1
L3L1
C8
C7
3-2. Pin Assignment
Pin No.Pin NameFunction
1 EXT/External transistor connection
2 VDDPower supply
3 GNDGround
4 CEChip enable
5 FBOutput voltage set-up external
Q5
Q4
TK-5400
L12
MOD1
MOD2
GND
CV
D1
1
2
3
4
R1
R2
D6
D4
D3
TC1
C21
C9
L7
C20
D5
C10
TC2
C3
L8L6
C22
C2
L2
Q1
C4
L9R6
C13
Q2
C12C11
C6
C14
L5
R3
C16
L10
R5
C15
R9
OUT
R8
C18
Q3
L11
C17
R7
8
7
GND
6
4C
5
TA
15
TK-5400
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
Control Unit (X53-4030-XX) -10 : K, -11 : K2
Ref. No.Part NameDescription
IC1Bi-polar ICAF Amplifier
IC2MOS ICShift Register
IC3MOS ICMIC Noise Canceling Circuit
IC4~6MOS ICOption Board Control SW
IC7MOS ICShift Register
IC10MOS ICInverter
IC101MOS ICLCD Driver
Q5TransistorPower Supply SW Control
Q6TransistorAF Amplifier Power Supply SW
Q7FETInternal Audio Mute SW
Q8FETAudio Mute SW
Q14TransistorNoise Canceling SW
Q15FETExternal Audio Mute SW
D2Zener diodeAVR
D6~9LEDBack Light
D11~20DiodeReverse Current Prevention
D101DiodeSpeed up
D102,103LEDBack Light
D104LEDTX/RX LED
D105DiodeSurge Absorption
TX-RX Unit (X57-6530-10)
Ref. No.Part NameDescription
IC101MOS ICAuto Power Control
IC201~203MOS ICLevel Converter
IC204MOS ICPLL
IC205MOS ICDC Amp.
IC301MOS ICDBM
IC302Analog ICIF Amp.
IC303Bi-polar ICMixer and IF system
IC401MOS ICVoltege Detector
IC402MOS ICDC/DC Converter
IC403~405MOS ICVoltege Regulator
IC502MOS ICBuffer
IC504MOS ICLevel Converter
IC505ROM ICEEPROM
IC506MOS ICVoltage Detector
IC507MCUMPU
IC508SRAM ICFlash Memory
IC509~511MOS ICLevel Converter
IC601~604MOS ICOp. Amp.
IC605MOS ICD/A Converter
IC606,607MOS ICOp. Amp.
IC608MOS ICCodec
IC609MOS ICA/D Converter
IC611MPUDSP
IC701MOS ICShift Register
Ref. No.Part NameDescription
IC702MOS ICVoltage Regulator
IC703MOS ICShift Register
IC704,705MOS ICVoltage Regulator
IC706MOS ICDual Bilateral Switch
Q1FETRF Driver Amp.
Q2,3FETRF Final Amp.
Q101TransistorRF Amp.
Q102TransistorSwitch
Q103TransistorRF Amp.
Q104,105FETSwitch
Q201TransistorRF Amp.
Q202FETSwitch
Q204TransistorFilter
Q205,206TransistorRF Amp.
Q301TransistorRF Switch
Q302FETFirst Amp.
Q304FETIF Amp.
Q305TransistorOscillator
Q306FETSwitch
Q401FETDC/DC Converter
Q501FETSwitch
Q600,601TransistorAGC
Q602TransistorNoise Amp.
Q701,702FETSwitch
Q703TransistorSwitch
Q704FETSwitch
Q705~707TransistorSwitch
Q708,709FETSwitch
Q710TransistorSwitch
Q711~714FETSwitch
D101DiodeLocal Switch
D102Zener diodeVoltage Protection
D103DiodeAntenna Switch
D105DiodeSurge Absorption
D201DiodeFilter
D202DiodeLocal Switch
D301,302DiodeAttenuater
D401DiodeDC/DC Converter
D402,403DiodeOutput Stabilization
D501,502DiodeReverse Current Protection
D504DiodeDiode OR Circuit
D600,601DiodeAGC
D602DiodeRectification
D603DiodeReverse Current Protection
D701DiodeReverse Protection
D702DiodeRegulator
D703DiodeDiode OR Circuit
D704,705Zener diodeSurge Absorption
16
PARTS LIST
TK-5400
✽ New Parts. indicates safety critical components.
Parts without Parts No. are not supplied.
Les articles non mentionnes dans le Parts No. ne sont pas fournis.
Teile ohne Parts No. werden nicht geliefert.