Keithley 576 Service and user manual

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Model 5% High Speed Data Logging System

____l__ll L_lll_~~~~~~~~~--:i.-...~~~~~:~~~~~~~~-~ .,-. _l”.“-l.-“~~,“lll.~.l”~l~~~~-~

For GPIB Controllers, or Computers with GPIB Control Capability

Publication Date: October 1991 Document Number: 576-901-01 Rev. C

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Third Edition (October1 991)

All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from Keithley. Changes are made periodically to the information contained herein. These changes will be incorporated in the new edition of this publication.

Keithley warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year from date of shipment.

Keithley warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, we will at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley in Taunton, MA. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

DlSCLAlMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY

The information contained in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Keithley assumes no responsibility for any errors, omissions, or inaccuracies whatsoever. Without limiting the foregoing, KEITHLEY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL AND THE SOFTWARE DESCRIBED HEREIN. The entire risk as to the quality

and performance of such information and software is upon the buyer or user. Keithley shall not be liable for any damages, including special or consequential damages, arising out of the use of such information or software even if Keithley has been advised in advanced of the possibility of such damages. The use of the information contained in the manual and software described herein is subject to Keithley, standard license agreement, which must be executed by the buyer or user before the use of such information or software.

NOTICE

Keithley reserves the right to make improvements in the product described in this manual at any time and without notice.

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their representative holders.

Data Acquisition Division 440 Myles Standish Blvd. Taunton, MA 02780 l-508-880-3000

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WARNING

This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause interference to radio communications. It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference.

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All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Insfxuments, Inc. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

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Model 576 Errata

This addendum contains new information covering the Keithley Model 576. Please add the attached new pages to your 576 manual, and read the following carefully.

AMM Module Installation for Model 576 Combo Systems

The Model 576 is available in “combo” packages with the AMM module and MEM option (if ordered) installed at the factory, and any applicable ZCAL or SYST CAL calibration steps already performed.

If your Model 576 came with the AMM module factory-installed, you may ignore the following sections of the manual during system set-up:

a. Portions of QuickStart Steps 2 and 3 which discuss installing the AMM module and CA-85 ca-

ble. These components should already be in place. You will, however, need to install any option module you have ordered.

b. The portion of the QuickStart Section which discusses “Applying the AMM Calibration Con-

stant....” The 576 has been calibrated at the factory.

c. Any information in the manual or Appendix section pertaining to ZCAL.

If you have any questions or difficulties concerning unpacking or setting up the Model 576 Combo package, contact the product support department at Keithley Instruments, Inc., Data Acquisition Division at (508)880-3000.

Using RESET ALL with Fast Computers and ROM-Based GPIB Adapters

With some types of Gl’Il3 adapter cards and computers, and beginning with firmware revision EO2, you must include a time delay of 2 seconds immediately after a RESET ALL command or the Model 576 may issue an en-or message on the next 576 command.

Specifically, GPIB interface cards having their operating software stored in ROM may encounter a timing problem when RESET ALL is issued. Affected cards include some CRC and National products. This situation has not been observed with GPIB boards using driver software loaded from diskette (e.g. IOtech Personal 488). It also does not apply to the RESET MEM or RESET OUT commands.

The need for the delay results from RESET ALL performing several additional tasks in revision E02. Normally, a program should check the status of bit 7 in the 576 SPOLL byte after any 576 command, before the next 576 command is issued. The 576 sets this bit while RESET ALL is busy. However, a fast computer with ROM-based GPIl3 interface may be fast enough to read the SPOLL byte and return a 0 (“not busy” status) before the 576 can actually set the bit. This results in an “Invalid command...” error as the system attempts to execute the 576 command following RESET ALL.

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To eliminate the possibility of problems, follow any RESET ALL command with a 2 second delay. In BASICA or QuickBASIC, this is done as follows:

t!=TIMER: WHILE TIMER-t!<2 WEND

The delay time is not critical as long as it is sufficient. If, following RESET ALL, the computer executes other non-CRIB activities requiring 2 seconds or more, the delay may not be necessary. However, using the delay will preclude any problems, regardless of any computer or interface type ultimately used with the program.

New Command - ZCAL

A new command “ZCAL” enables a user to determine the zener reference cal constant for an AMMlA or AMM2 module plugged into the Model 576. ZCAL is available in all versions of the Model 576 firmware. Detailed instructions for the use of ZCAL are attached to this addendum.

576 Power Transformers

The power transformers available for the Model 576 now include units for European, Japanese, and U.S. domestic power mains:

Keithley P.N. Input

I?!+29 125VAC, 50/6OHz B-31 22OVAC, 5OHz PS-33 lOOVAC, 50Hz

output Application

12VAC 8 3A 12VAC @ 4.2A 12VAC @ 3.3A

U.S. Europe

Japan

CHANNEL AMPLITUDE, DUTY, and FREQUENCY Commands

The CHAN :AMl?L, :DUTY, and :FREQ commands are grouped together at the end of the CHAN commands. They pertain to the WAVl module, but are alphabetically out of order with the rest of

the CHAN commands.

Calibrating the +lOV Reference - Section 8

The “Calibrating the +lOV Reference” section discusses a ences actually consist of a +lOV reference on the AMMlA or AMM2 module, and a mirror circuit on the 576 motherboard which generates the -1OV reference. This point is unclear in the manual. The procedure is correct, however.

Appendix C -

All programs in Appendix C have been modified to provide a 2 second delay after RESET ALL. This topic is described above. Depending on the revision level of the 576 Utility disk, the programs in the QCKSTART directory of the 576 Example/Utility diskette may not have been modified. Check them.

Changes to Accommodate ROM-Based GPIB interfaces

“rtlOV Reference”. The voltage refer-

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Quick Start Guide for the Keithley Model 576 SECTION 1 - Introduction SECTION 2 - Terms, Conventions, Safety Considerations

Terms, Conventions, Safety Considerations ....................................

A Few Precautions Designing Safe Control Set-ups

In Case of Problems or Malfunctions .........................................

UsingthisManual

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SECTION 3 - Setup

UnpackingYourSystem

SettingUp CompletingSetup In Case of Problems or Malfunctions

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SECTION 4 - Hardware Configuration

Self-IDFeature Changing Default Configuration Parameters Hardware Switch Configuration Setting Up Measurement and Control SignalConnections.. “Channel”and”Slot” AnalogInput-Slot1 Ttigger- Slot2 Setting Jumpers for Trigger Modes OptionSlot-Slot3 AnalogOu~ut-slot4 DigitalI/O-Slot5 PowerControl-Slot5 ExternalInput-Slot6 AdvancedTopics

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2-l 2-2 2-2 2-3 24

3-l 3-2 3-5 3-5

4-1 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-3 4-7 4-7 4-10 4-10 4-10 4-11 4-11 4-12 4-12

SECTION 5 - 576 Commands

IntrodudionandOverview Configuration.. Data and Memory Management Triggering and Program Control Timestamping Subroutines Engineering Units Conversion and Data Formats UsingthissectionofthemanuaI Some important notes on 576 commands

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5-l 5-l 5-2 5-2 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3

5-3

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Terms and Conventions used in this Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

576 PROGRAMMIN

BUFFCLEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

BUFFDIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BUFF INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BUFFMOVE...........................................................

BUFFREAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BUFFSTAT

BUFFWRITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CALL *...............................................................

CHAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAN:FILTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAN:GAIN..........................................................

CHAN:MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAN:OFFSET . . . .._.................................................. 5-22

CJ!LAN:lWNGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23

cH.AN:FuNc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAN:AMrL . . . . . . ..*................................................

CHAN:DU’TY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cHAN:FIREQ..........................................................

DEBUG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-........................... 5-28

DOLOOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._................._........... 5-29

HALT................................................................

IFELSEENDIF......................................................... 531

IREAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34

lw-JxrE _.............................................................

ONmlTINTOFF ..-..................................................... 5-36

PEEK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._...............................................

POKE .._.............................................................

READ . . . . . . . . . . . .._.................................................. 540

READ................................................................

RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SUBRRETSUBENDSUB.................................................. 544

SYST.................................................................

SYST:AMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SYST:BUF _........_..................................................

SYST:CAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-......-.............................. 548

sYST:cLOcK..........................................................

SYST:EOI . . . . . . . .._.................................................. 5-51

SYST:ERR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SYST:FORM...........................................................

SYST:IDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-54

SYSTMEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SYSTPEEK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._.........................-......-........ 5-56

SYSTPOKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-57

SYST:SAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-58

SYST:SLOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-59

SYST:SRQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-60

GCOMMANDSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5-7 5-9

5-10 5-11 5-13 5-14 5-15 5-16 5-17 5-18 5-20

5-24 5-25 5-26 5-27

5-30

5-35

5-38 5-39

542 543

545 546 547

550

5-52 5-53

5-55

Page 9

SYST:STAMp SYST:TERM SYST:TR1% SYST:UN?T TEST

TRIG -HARDWARE TRIGGER ...........................................

We WAVE WHnEWEND

wFccrE

ZCAL

Internal Data Buffer Description ............................................

Data Transfer Modes

Device Status (SPOLL) Byte ...............................................

SerialPollBitTest

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SECTION 6 - Applications for the Keithley Model 576

5-61 5-62 5-63 5-64 5-65 5-66 5-68

5-69

5-70 5-72 5-73 5-74 5-77 5-78 5-81 5-81

Introduction BatteryLifeTesting Lab Acquisition with the Model 576 and ASYSTANT GPIB

Multi-channel Voltage Measurements with Hardware Triggering Process Monitoring and Control: Triggering and Tune Stamping PortableandRemoteAcquisition Testing 8-bit DACs with the Model 576 Low Current Measurements Using the Model 576 with a GPIB Current Amplifier Data Logging with the Apple Macintosh HighSpeedDataTransfers

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SECTION 7 - 576 REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION THEORYOFOPERATION.. OverallFunctionalDescription

TheoryofOperation

SystemControlCircuitry PowerSupply MODEL 576 MOTHER BOARD Commands.. MotherBoardFunctions Analogrnput Gain.. Programmable Filter Analog-to-Digital Conversion Analog Input Command Locations

AnalogTrigger..............~

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6-l 6-l 64 6-8

6-9 6-12 6-15 6-17 6-18 6-21

7-1 7-l 7-l 7-5 7-5 7-5 7-6 7-10 7-10 7-11 7-12 7-12 7-12 7-12 7-15

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TriggerCommandLocations OptionSlot Installation Option Slot Command Locations AnalogOutput OutputLimitations Automatic Register Sequencing AnalogOutputCommandLocations DigitalInputandOutput DigitalInputTenninals DigitalI/OCommandLocations RelayControl Relay Board Relay ControlCommandLocations ExternalInput External Analog Input Command Locations

CommandLocationsinNumericOrder CMDlA SELECT A/D CMDlBSELECTSLOT.. CMD2A ANALOG TRIGGER AND IRQ CONFIGURATION CMD2B ANALOG TRIGGER INPUT CONFIGURATION CMD3A OPTION SLOT CO CMD3BOM’IONSLOTCOMMANDB CMD4A D/A CONTROL FOR ANALOG OUTPUT CMD4B D/A DATA FOR ANALOG OUTPUT CMD5A DIGITAL I/O PORT SELECTION AND CONFIGURATION CMD5BDIG~ALI/ODATA CMDZC ANALOG TRIGGER VOLTAGE (O-255) COUNTS CMD3C UNSPEClFlED OPTION SLOT CMDlCGLOBALGAIN CMDlDA/DSTART/STATUS SLOT1HARDWAREIDENTIFICATION.. STROBE GLOBAL ANALOG OUTPUT UPDATE GLOBAL GLOBAL CO 3lRESET SeNDCircuitry.. Considerations for Older, Non-Self-ID Modules 576~Series Measurement and Control System Specifications

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MMANDA

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7-16 7-18 7-18 7-18 7-19

7-19 7-20 7-20 7-23 7-23 7-24 7-26 7-26 7-26 7-28 7-28 7-30 7-30 7-30 7-30 7-31 7-31 7-31 7-31 7-31 7-32 7-32 7-32 7-33 7-33 7-33 7-33 7-33 7-33 7-33 7-33 7-34 7-34

SECTION 8 - Calibration, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting

Introduction CATJBRATION INFORMATION WhenShouldyouCalibrate EnvironmentalConditions RecommendedCalibrationEquipment CaliiraiingtheAMMlAorAMM2

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8-l 8-1 8-l 8-2 8-2 8-2

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Calibrating the +5 Volt Supply Calibrating the + 10 Volt Reference TROUBLESHOOTINGINFORMATION.. Isolating the Problem SystemChecks

PowerSupplyChecks.. ..................................................

MotherBoardChecks ....................................................

SignalChecks.. ........................................................

AnalogLnputModules ...................................................

AnalogOutput

DigitalModules ........................................................

SPECIAL HANDLING OF STATIC SENSITIVE DEVICES

REPLACEABLEPARTS ..................................................

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SECTION 9 - OPTION MODULES AND INTERFACES

8-2 8-2 8-3 8-3 8-3 84 84 84 8-6

8-6 8-6 8-6 8-7

Introduction Keithley Module Library

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A Device Clear and Interface Clear

APPENDIX B Error Conditions and Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDIX C Quick!?kart Program Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Al?PENDlXDlEEE488BusOverview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDIX E Calibration of the Model 576 Using the SYSTCAL and ZCAL Commands

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9-l 9-l

A-l B-l C-l D-l E-l

Page 12

Quick Stcrrt Guide for the

Keithlev Model 576

The Keithley Model 576 includes full documentation for unpacking, installing, and operating the hardware. For best results, you should read this information prior to working with your computer and the Model 576. If you are in a hurry to set up’the Model 576, you may use the following “Quick Start” Guide and the supplied example programs to set up and check out the system. However, you should still perform a complete installation according to the 576 manual after the Quick Start.

These instructions assume that you are using an IOtech, CRC, or National GPIB interface in conjunction with an IBM=co~p&ible-PC-or PS/2 (Advanced or GW) BASIC. if you are using another controller/language combination, you may use the supplied

example programs as guides to writing your own progr--

These programs simultaneously use the source and measurement capabilities of the Model 576 to generate and measure signals. You will need eight 4-inch lengths and one 18-inch length of 18-24 ga. hook-up wire stripped 3/X” on each end to make connections

Step l-

Make sure your GPIB interface is working

COLDPU~~T

SIC: hterpter

Step 2 - Unpack the Keithley hardware

Unpack the Model 576, power supply, and AMMlA or AMM2 module. The AMM module includes a small metal right-angle bracket which secures the rear corner of the module to the rear panel of the Model 576. Do not install the bracket at this time. Put it in a safe place; you will need it later. If you have a module for the 576 option slot, also set it aside for now.

Step 3 Refer to the attached diagram. Position the jumper J3 on

the AMM module over pins 1 and 2. Position the jumper W201 on the Model 576 mother board over pins 1 and 2. Install the trigger cable CA-85-1 from J7 on the AMM module to J201 on the 576 mother board. Install the AMM module in the lower expansion slot in the Model 576. This is a temporary installation - the metal right-angle

bracket will have to be installed later.

Step 4 -

The address switch is located on the rear of the Model 576 motherboard. The factory default address is 3 (switches 1 and 2 ON, and switches 3,4, and 5 OFF). You may use a different address, but all example programs for the 576 use address 3.

Configure the Model 576 and AMM module.

Check the Model 576 address switches

If you are using a personal computer with GPIB interface, install the interface and confirm that it is working properly. Refer to the computer and interface manufacturer’s documentation for details.

Step 5 Attach a GPIB cable with metric threads to the rear panel

of the Model 576. Connect the other end of the cable to the

Connect the computer and Model 576

Page 13

Quick Start Guide or the

Keithley Model 57

GPIB interface in the PC. Do not connect any other GMB equipment to the GPIB bus at this time.

Step 6 -

Connect the power supply to the Model 576

Turn the Model 576 power switch OFF. Verify that you have the proper power supply for your local mains. Plug the power supply into an AC mains outlet. Plug the power connector at the end of the transformer cable into the power input jack in the 576 rear panel.

Step 7 -

Turn on the equipment

Turn on the computer and the Model 576. The computer should boot up as usual. The Model 576 should come on with only the power light illuminated. The “RUN” light will flash three times during self-check. If the SRQ lamp flashes continuously or remains on, turn off the equipment and recheck your work. Refer to the startup section of the 576 manual. If you cannot locate the problem, contact Keithley technical support

Step 10 - Load and run the example programs

Connect the Model 576 analog and digital I/O channels as shown in the Figure. Insert the Model 576 Quick Start diskette into the disk drive on your computer. The supplied programs will perform the following tasks:

ANALOG.xxx - Analog input/output program. Output portion outputs a voltage from the 576 analog output channel. Input portion uses 576 analog input channel to collect data from output channel. Data is time stamped and retrieved into the computer.

DIGlTAL.xxx

- Digital input/output program. Digital port B is programmed for output; port A for input. Output port steps through O-255 while input port displays the byte value read at the port A.

Step 8 -

Load your system GPIB support software

Load the driver for your GPIB interface. This may require running a driver program from disk, or the driver mayreside in ROM-based firmware which loads automatically when you power up the controller. See documentation for your GPIB interface and driver software for details.

Step 9 -

Run GWBASIC

The supplied example programs are designed to run under Microsoft GW-BASIC or IBM BASICA, version 3.0 or later.

In each case, “xxx” will be “IOT” for an IOtech interface,

“CEC” for a CEC GPIB interface, “NAT” for a National

GPIB interface, ‘MBC” for a Metrabyte GPIB interface, or

“SER” for the 500-SERIAL adaptor. See the appendix sec-

tion for program listings.

Step ll-

Reinstall the Model 576 using the manual

The manual provides all the details for installation and operation of the Model 576.

Page 14

Quick Start Guide or the

Keithley MO el576

4 SEI’GPILI ADDRESS SWlTCH

RELAY-CL

MlIllllllllllIllTm h

DIGlTAL

514

-/-

. . . . . . . . . .

Jl3/

‘GPIB

EXERNALPUWBRlNPuT: IZ-ISVACI

I)-

4el I +4. 8. ,2 , ?

-1

-lNTERP*cE -

+3-

8. II T,&

ORDC

0 LuI.LWL

+ -GND

Model 576 I/O Connections

DO NOT INSTALL OR REMOVE AN OPTlON CARD WITH POWER ON.

Page 15

Quick Start Guide or the

Keith@ Model 57

Page 16

Quick Start Guide

Keith@ MO el576

r the

Applying the AMM Calibration

Constant to the Keithley Model 576

Ah4MlA and AMM2 modules shipped for use with the Model 576 bear a calibration sticker carrying a 5-digit number. This number is the calibration constant for use with the 576 “SYST CAL” command. Do not confuse the calibration sticker with the 6-d.@ serial number, which is printed on a metal foil label.

When properly entered, the calibration constant configures and enables the automatic gain and offset correction feature of the AMMlA and AMM2 global amplifiers. This enables the Ah&I module to achieve the “corrected” specifications for analog measurements as published in the Model 576 manual. If the calibration factor is not entered, the “uncorrected” accuracy specifications will ap-

PlY-

An important benefit of the Calibration factor concerns measurements made with an analog input module in the option slot. With the calibration factor applied, the accuracy of such measurements will be the accuracy of the module itself. It will not be necessary to factor in the specifications of the AMM module.

The RESET command also clears any calibration constant previously stored in the 576.

Use the following procedure to enter the calibration constant and calibrate the 576:

n-..~J.l-~~x~~~,t~~ --2 --r--.ZL-X . ..2.- .D -

1. vytm UL~ IVLUU~L 310 anuses swiccn mimner 0 on the address/SAVE switch to ON.

2. Send the following commands to the Model 576 (“xxxxx” is the AMM calibration constant):

SYST :SAVE CNFG; SYST CAL xxxxx; SYST CAL;

3. Confirm that the calibration factor has successfully been stored. First, turn off the power to the Model 576, and then turn the unit back on. Issue the following command to the Model 576:

SYST :SAVE ?; The Model 576 should respond: SAVE CNFG

If your AMM module does not have a calibration sticker attached, contact Keithley DAC Technical Support for further instructions.

Entering the AMM Calibration Constant

The Model 576 can retain calibration data in its configuration memory. Thus, it is necessary to enter the factor only when:

1. you first set up the system,

2. you physically recalibrate your AMM module and determine a new calibration factor, or

3. you install a new AMM module having a different calibration constant.

4. Confirm that the calibration was successful by issuing the following command to the Model 576:

SYST :CAL ?; The Model 576 should respond: AMM CAL xxxxx ccorrl>,<corr2>,...<corrlo>

See documentation for the SYST :CAL command in the 576 manual for details. If you do not obtain the expected messages, review your work.

Note: The Model 576 will retain the calibration data when switched off onZy if switch 8 of the Address/SAVE Model switch is ON and the 576 has been issued a “SYST :SAVE CNFG;” command.

Page 17

uick Start Guide or the

*fhley Model 57 d

Page 18

Quick Starf Guide

Keithley MO el576

r the

6”

Model 576

Notes

Input Resistor Pin-Out Error

The input resistor sockets J4, J5, and J6 shown on the overlay inside beta-version and early production Model 576 units incorrectly indicate the position of pin I. The correct position of pin 1 is shown in the diagrams in the 576 manual and AMM module manuals.

Use of the CAL Command

The Model 576 firmware includes a “SYST :CAL” command which enables the self-calibration feature of the AMMlA and AMM2 global amplifiers. This command is intended to compensate for the cumulative effects of time and temperature drift. The SYST CAL command will not enhance the performance of these modules beyond specifications. The effect of SYST CAL

even noticeable if the AMM module is already operating

within or close to specifications.

may

not be dramatic or

Additional QuickStart Programs

The 576 Example Disk also includes ANALOGSER and DIGITAL.SER QuickStart programs for use with the Keithley 500-SERIAL adapter. These programs are not mentioned in the QuickStart section, but they are de-

scribed on the disk’s RBADMElST file.

time users of the Model 576, or even to seasoned users of traditional GPIB instruments.

IMMEDIATE commands cause the Model 576 to behave most like traditional GPIB instruments, and provide the easiest means of using the system. Immediate commands execute at once when they are sent to the Model 576. An immediate data read (IREAD) results in the data being instantly placed in the Model 576 output queue where it can be read via the GPIB bus. Similarly, an immediate data write (IWRlTE) outputs the data directly to the selected channel. In each case, there is no buffering or use of the 576’s internal data memory. System configuration (SYST) commands are also immediate in that the configuration instructions are written directly to the system memory.

PROGRAM commands facilitate more intelligent operation for the 576, including subroutines, conditional triggering, automatic program restart, and other features beyond the capabilities of most GPIB instnunents. PROGRAM commands are stored in the 576’s program memory, and do not take effect until an Execute (Xl instruction is encountered in the program. PROGRAM mode input and output commands work in conjunction with the 576’s data buffers, and the firmware also includes mands which dimension, read, and write data to the buffers.

com-

Use of “Immediate” vs “Program” Commands

The choice of when to use IMMEDIATE versus PRO-

GRAM mode commands may not seem obvious to first-

Refer to the Example Disk programs and the Applications section of the Model 576 manual for examples IMMEDIATE and PROGRAM modes.

Page 19

Quick Starf Guide Keifhky Model Q 57

the

Battery Replacement

TheMode contains a battery which is used to backup data and programs stored in system RAM. Under normal

conditions, the battery should last for a minimum of five years with the standard 128k memory, or 2-l/2 years with the 512k memory option.

This battery is an internal part of the socket holding the

system data/program memory chip U304, and is not us-

er-serviceable. The socket must be replaced when the bat-

tery is exhausted. This condition wiIl become evident when the Model 576 no longer retains the correct time when the system is switched off.

The socket is Keithley part number SO-129, or Dallas Semiconductor part DS-1216D.

See topics in the Reference and Maintenance sections concerning maintenance and servicing of the battery, data memory chip, and socket.

Page 20

SECTION 1

Introduction

Welcome to the Model 576 GPIB High Speed Data Log-

ging System.

The 576 is a general-purpose data acquisition and control device - an interface between a GPIB controller and

countless research, industrial, and educational applica-

tions. With the 576, you can measure voltages, currents,

and many other types of signals, as well as implement intelligent process control systems.

The Model 576 is a complete system. It integrates hardware and documentation to make measurement and control technology easy to use. The Model 576 combines the most often used analog and. digital I/O functions into a single package.

The Model 576 has two expansion slots, one of which is

normally occupied by a master analog input module.

This leaves one slot for other modules you might want to

add. If your application does not require analog input,

~GIJ m-2~~ IXP hnth slnts fnr evnansinn

--1--.1A vy -.,*

_ “.yu’y *..,*..

The Model 576 interfaces readily to many types of con-

trollers, and is equally easy to operate. It includes ROMbased firmware and an easy-to-use programming language. The pro

gramming command set can be used with

many language environments such as BASIC, C, and Pas-

cal. In many cases, the controller will be a computer which is equipped with an IEEE-488 (GPIBJ interface

card. This includes a wide variety of configurations such as:

0 IBM PC, XT, AT, and ES/2 Personal Computers

equipped with an IOtech, National, CEC, Metrabyte, or other IBM-compatible GMB interface.

Apple Macintosh and Macintosh SE computers equipped with a suitable external GPIB interface (e.g. IOtech MacSCSI488, Mac488B).

Apple Macintosh II computers equipped with a suitable NubusB GPIB interface (e.g. IOtech MacII488).

Most other computers which have an RS-232 or RS-422 compatible serial port. The Keithley500-Serial adapter will convert such ports to GPIB input/output.

(If your computer is not listed, contact the Keithley Data Acquisition and Control Applications Support Group. Many possible methods exist for connecting the Model 576 to various computers.)

Features of the Model 576

Microprocessor-controlled for stand-alone operation.

128K of mother board data RAM memory. Factory option to 512K.

Battery-backed mother board memory for program and data retention.

Real-time clock allows time stamping and time referenced triggering.

Shielded all-metal case.

One option slot for adding a signal conditioning module.

l-l

Page 21

SECTION 1 Preface

Accepts 12-bit 62.5kHz AMMlA or X-bit 5OkHz AMM2 Master Analog Measurement Module for analog input. Add up to 32 more analog input channels via option slot. Trigger circuitry for synchronizing data acquisition to

external analog or digital events. Provides O&IOscope-like trigger modes. Dual high-speed 13bit analog output channels. Add

up to five more analog output channels via option slot.

Thirty-two digital I/O channels organized as four 8-bit ports. Programma ble in groups of 8 channels for

input or output. Add up to 32 more digital I/O channels via option slot.

Sixteen power control channels use digital I/O ports 2 and 3. Programmable for sensing or switching of AC or DC loads.

Convenient mass-termination connector for direct connection of up to 8 Analog Devices 3B signal condi-

tioning modules or other single-ended analog inputs.

Operates from transformer or automotive cable. Requires 12-18V AC or DC @ 40VA max.

l-2

Page 22

SECTION 2

Terms, Conventions,

Safety Considerations

This manual is a comprehensive introduction to the Model 576 scientific workstations, a set of integrated, computer-controlled measurement and control systems.

Terms and Conventions used in the

Manual

The 576 is compatible with many types of computers using a GPIB interface which may be installed in or attached to the computer. In this manual, the controlling computer will be referenced generically as “controller”, “computer”, or ‘TC” unless the information refers to a specific type or model. In that case, the type or model will be called out.

A wide range of computers and host languages can be used to control the 576. It is thus impractical to anticipate every environment under which the 576 will be used. Therefore, it is important that you refer to your selected software, computer, and GPIB interface documentation as part of installation and operation.

The following safety terms are used in this manual or found on the instrument.

The symbol ’ A indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions in this manual for further details.

The WARNING heading used in this manual explains dangers that could result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.

The NOTE heading is used in this manual to identify information which may be useful or helpful.

Following these warnings will reduce the chances of personal injury or system damage.

2-l

Page 23

SECTION 2

Terms, Conventions, Safety Considerations

A Few Precautions

This manual will instruct you to open the case of the

Model 576 during installation and when making connections to the system.

WARNING User supplied lethal voltage may be present on connections and option card. To avoid the possibility of electric shock, disable external power sources before making any adjustments or connections to this product. The Model 576 is not for use in electrically sensitive areas, nor for connection to humans.

CAUTION

Do not exceed the input ratings of the Model

576. Apply no more than z!%VDC to a nonisolated analog input of the Model 576.

CAUTION Do not apply more than +5.5 VDC or negative voltages to any digital input of the Model 576.

product warranty. If necessary, replacement parts are available from Keithley Data Acquisition and Control.

(See Servicing Information sections for parts information.)

CAUTION “Non-isolated” as used in this manual means that internal circuit common is at power ground potential, and that external circuit common must also be at power line ground potential.

Designing Safe Control Set-Ups

Keithley Instruments manufactures its data acquisition

and control products to the highest technical and safety standards. However, you, the user of this equipment, have ukimate control over how the equipment is used in the field. Always use techniques and procedures which

result in safe operation of external equipment and proc-

eSSeS.

Before beginning power up, make sure the computer, 576 and all external equipment are off.

CAUTION Do not install or remove a module from the Model 576 option slot while power to the Model 576 is on

Even though it is convenient when setting up an experiment or process to leave the top open on the 576, the system should not normally be operated in this way. Dirt and small objects can easily become lodged in the 576 circuitry. This can cause unreliable performance or damage the system

CAUTION To minimize electromagnetic interference, operate the system only with the cover

closed.

A second precaution concerns connection of signals with voltages that exceed the specified ranges. Information on the voltage ranges accepted by each module can be found in the Specifications section of each module’s documentation. Damage to the system caused by connecting voltages which exceed these ranges is not covered by the

Turn on the 576 and controller.

After the 576 and controller have stabilized, turn on the external equipment or process.

For power-down, turn off or otherwise prepare the external equipment before turning off the GLIB controller or

576.

Please consider the following points about the 576 and your particular applications when you design control configurations:

Where loss of power, interruption of the control program, or failme of any equipment can lead to unsafe conditions, do not leave equipment unattended.

Before you energize any external equipment or processes, make sure the controller and Model 576 have been switched on and have stabilized.

2-2

Page 24

SECTION 2

Terms, Conventions, Safety Considerations

Revision A, B, and C of the DOMl and PCMl modules, which you may use in the 576 option slot, do not contain a power-on reset (the feature was added with Revision D). Output lines on pm-Rev D. modules may power up in a random state under some circumstances. Do not use pm-Rev D. versions of these modules where random output at power up is undesirable. Older modules can befactory-modified to include the power-on reset. Contact Keithley Data Acquisition and Control for more information.

The DIOl module does not contain a power-on reset. Use the DIOl only to sense TIT,-level digital signals, or for digital applications where random output at power-up is of no consequence. The newer DIOlA does include a power-on reset.

The AOMl, AOM2, AOMS, and AOM4 analog output modules do not contain a power-on reset. Therefore, these modules may power up with random output. The AOM5 does contains power up circuitry and powers up to ov output.

The AIM7 module does not incorporate an “open thermocouple sense”.

the AlM7 are in good condition and operating properly.

Make sure thermocouples used with

ALWAYS observe the following safety rules:

If you need to open the controller: Disconnect the IEEE cable from the 576. Turn off the controller and disconnect the power cord.

If you need to open the 576: Turn off or disconnect any equipment connected to the

inputs of the 576. Set the 576 ON/OF?? switch to OFF before opening the

576 case.

NOTE It is not necessary to turn off the controller when you open only the 576.

WARNING To avoid electric shock, use only a proper GPIB cable to connect the 576 to the GPIB interface. If the controller is AC-powered, note that it must be plugged into a properly grounded 3-wire outlet.

In some cases, external equipment or processes must be returned to a particular state before control can be interrupted or power can safely be removed. Take all necessary precautions and make all necessary preparations before you interrupt a control program or switch off external equipment or processes.

CAUTION

When some personal computers are

switched off or lose power, they must remain off for a short period to permit the computer supply to “bleed down” and reset. This period may be up to 30 seconds or more. If power is restored before the specified reset period has elapsed, the computer will not resume operation. Under these conditions, a

576, which contains its own power supply, will power on when power is restored, regardless of computer. Do not leave equipment unattended where a power failure may

result in undesirable operation of equip-

ment.

WARNING Attach one end of the supplied safety ground wire between the ground binding post on the rear of the 576 and a safety earth ground.

In Case of Problems or Malfunctions

This manual will provide you with all the information

you need to set up your system quickly and correctly. If you do have problems, however, call the Keithley Data Acquisition and Control Product Support Department at 216-248-0400.

If a 576 mainframe or module in the system is determined

to be defective you will receive a return authorization

(RA.) number. Pack the module carefully in the original

antistatic bag and mark the R.A. number on the outside of

the box. If at any time the entire unit must be returned for

servicing be sure to pack it in the original shipping materials.

2-3

Page 25

SECTION 2 Terms, Conventions, Safety Considerations

Using This Manual

This manual is not a replacement for documentation which came with your controller or software. Consult the appropriate controller and software documentation for any and all information relating to the controller itself or the use of various operating systems and programming languages.

With that exception, every effort has been made to explain all important theoretical ideas, unfamiliar terms, and useful formulas. If a topic is important but lengthy you may be referred to another source for additional information.

Setup

The Setup section contains general instructions for un-

packing the system, positioning jumpers and switches, and installing system cabling. These procedures gener-

ally need to be performed only once.

576 Applications

This section describes several typical applications and the corresponding example programs for the Model 576.

Reference

The reference section discusses the internal operation of the Model 576, as well as the programmable register associated with each of the Model 576’s I/O functions.

Calibration, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting

This section describes how to isolate problems to the sub-

system level, and how to calibrate a properly operating

Model 576. A list of spare parts is included.

Option Modules and Interfaces

Hardware Configuration The Hardware Configuration section describes how to

set up the input and output functions of the Model 576. These topics include programming the various operating parameters, as well as pin-out information for each I/O function.

576 Programming The Progr amming section describes how to use the

Model 576 Command set which is stored in firmware within the system.

The Modules and Interfaces sections provides informa-

tion on compatible option modules, their power require-

ments, and ID numbers. You may insert other manuals,

such as those from your

face, in this space.

Appendix Section

The appendix section includes additional information about the Model 576 and Gl?JB bus which you may find helpful.

option modules and GPIB inter-

2-4

Page 26

SECTION 3

Setup

Unpacking Your System

The Model 576, documentation, and accessories are shipped in one or more cartons. Locate all shipping cartons, and check that you have the following items.

In addition to the Model 576 manual which you are reading, you should have the following:

Model 576 High Speed Data Logger

AMMlA or AMM2 Analog Master Measurement Module with mounting hardware and trigger cable assembly. (Model 576-l and 576-Z only).

AC Line adapter

Ground wire assembly

Any options you may have purchased

At the bottom of the case you will see the mother board

with screw terminals for making connections to the sys-

tern. The expansion slots are mounted on a PC bo&d

which is on the right side of and perpendicular to the

mother board.

The 576 front panel includes power ON/OFF switch and

five indicator lamps. The ON/OFF switch controls

power to the 576’s internal circuits. The lamps include a

POWER indicator, a REMOTE lamp, an SRQ lamp, a

TALK lamp, and a RUN lamp, which indicates that the

576’s data acquisition circuitry is being accessed.

Mounted at the back of the mother board, on the lower

rear panel, is the 24pin connector which mates with the

cable to the computer and GPIB Interface.

The rear panel also contains an external power input,

power control relay rack edge connector, and a ground

lug.

Take the 576 unit out of its packing box. Be sure to save

the box and packing in case you need to return the instrument to Keithley for service.

Open the 576 by unfastening the latch on the left side of the case and swinging the lid to the right.

You will find that any module(s) you ordered are not in-

stalled in the 576 expansion slots. A detailed description

of module installation is found later in this manual.

Before going any further, check the packing slip and

make sure you have received the correct modules.

3-l

Page 27

SECTEON 3 Setup

When you have checked the Model 576 and the modules,

please fill out your purchaser registration card and mail it to:

Product Support Department

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Data Acquisition and Control Division

28775 Aurora Road

Cleveland, Ohio 44139

Address

A-- “SaveTction ~

Setting Up

Use of the Model 576 requires a suitable controller. This

may be a dedicated GPIB controller, or a computer with the proper monitor and GPlB interface.

If you have just purchased the controller hardware, take the time to review all documentation before continuing.

In general, the 576 can be used under the same environmental conditions as the controller. It should be kept at normal room temperature, out of strong sunlight. If exposed to extreme heat or cold, the system should be allowed to return to room temperature before it is turned on. Otherwise, performance may be outside the specified tolerances, or the system may be damaged.

At this point, you should set up your GPIB controller, or install a GPIB interface in your computer. Please consult the appropriate documentation as necessary. In particular, carry out any instructions concerning the setting of switches, jumpers, or other user-configured components on this equipment. If the controller, computer, or interface includes drivers, diagnostics, or other support software, please install and run the software to be certain everything is operating correctly before you connect the

576.

Switch settings designates factory defauit

IEEE address of 3.

Figure 3-1.

IEEE Address Switch Setfinn

.k% !%33w?d

that switches 1,3, and 4 be turned on. Address 0 results when all switches are off, and 31 results when all switches are on. Make sure that the address you have set does not conflict with any other instruments or equipment you plan to connect to the GRIP bus.

Make the connection between the GPIS interface and 576 by attaching the cable to the GPIl3 connector at the rear of the 576 mother board. See Figure 3-2.

Note that the Model 576 is designed to accept an IEEE-488 connector having metric (black) attachment screws. Do not attempt to use a connector with silver screws or you will damage the threads.

Next, check the address of the 576 and reset it if necessary. The 576 address switch sits inside the case, near the IEEE-488 connector. The 576 permits the setting of a primary address only; a secondary address is not implemented. The DIP switch positions l-5 set the address of the 576 between 0 and 31 (refer to Figure 3-l).

For a desired address, simply turn on the switches whose

bit values add up to the address. The factory default ad-

dress for the 576 is 3, which requires that switches 1 and 2 be set to the “ON” position. Address 13 would require

3-2

Line up the connector on the cable with the connector on the rear panel of the instrument.

Tighten the screws securely, but do not overtighten them.

Make sure the other end of the cable is properly connected to the controller. Some controllers have an IEEE-488 type connector, while others do not. Consult the instruction manual for your controller for the proper connecting method. If you have followed these instruc-

Page 28

SECTION3

Sefup

tions you have now completed the connection between the 576 and the computer.

If your system is a 576-l or 576-2, it includes an AMM

module. You must install this module in the 576 before installing any option modules. The AMM modules are physically identical and are installed in the same way.

Make sure the 576 is turned off. Unlatch the fastener on

the side of the 576 cabinet and open the 576.

Prepare the AMM module for installation. Confirm that

trigger select jumper J3 on the AMM module is over pins 1 and 2 @@ure 3-3). Confirm that trigger select jumper

W201 on the 576 mother board is over pins 1 and 2.

If you wish to connect your signals to the AMM module

at this time, consult Section 4 of this xnanua.l covering the AMM connectors. Remove the cable clamp along the back edge of the AMM module. Attach your input signals to the quick-disconnect blocks on the AMM module and replace the connectors. Replace the cable clamp and attach the mounting screw nearest the card edge connector on the AMM module.

A small right-angle bracket and screw are included to fasten the rear comer of the AMM module to the rear panel of the 576. Install this bracket to the other cable clamp

mounting

hole on the front edge of the AMh4 module with the remaining cable clamp mounting screw (see Figure 3-4).

of the module into the lower module guide located on the power supply shield, and slide the module into the lower option slot connector. Fasten the support tab to the rear panel of the 576 with the supplied screw.

Attach the trigger cable from the GLOBAL OUTPUT J7 at the top edge of the Ah&I module to the trigger GLOBAL INPUT terminal J201 on the 576 mother board using the supplied cable. Pay close attention to the orientation of the beveled comer on the connector at each end of the cable. (see Figure 33).

NOTE If you reverse the connections of the trigger transmission cable at J7 or J201, you may introduce noise into all analog input measurements, or invert the polarity of the trigger signal.

To install an optional module, see the manual for your option module for any required configuration of gains, ranges, switches, etc. Set up the module and make connections according to your application. Hold the module

with the component side facing upward. Insert the rear

edge of the module into the upper module guide located on the power supply shield, and slide the module into the upper option slot connector. Attach any necessary

mounting

screws or strain relief to complete the hard-

ware installaiion.

Figure 3-2.

IEEE-488 Connecfor

Install the module in the 576 now. Hold the module with the component side facing upward. Insert the rear edge

WARNING Attach one end of the supplied safety ground wire between the ground binding post on the rear of the 576 and a safety earth ground.

Connect an external power source capable of supplying 12-18V AC or DC at 40 VA to the 576.

This completes installation of the Model 576 hardware.

3-3

Page 29

SECTION 3

Setup

ripre 3-3.

3-4

M Module and Analog Trigger Cable

Page 30

End View

l)b

Threaded Hole

Figure 3-4.

AMM Module Mom fin% Bracket

Completing Setup

Bracket

Side View

SECZTON 3

Setup

board firmware ROM. The SRQ lamp flashing at a rate of 20 flashes/second (or appearing to be on permanently)

indicates a problem with on-board RAM. In either case, contact the Keithley Data Acquisition and Control Applications Support Group for further instructions.

WARNING

To avoid electric shock, use only a proper

GPIB cable to connect the 576 to the GPIB interface. If the controller is AC-powered, note that it must be plugged into a properly grounded 3-wire outlet.

After the system has been assembled, make sure any covers have been reinstalled on the controller and 576.

Once connected and plugged in, the controller and 576 can be turned on and off in any order. The controller can, of course, be operated normally with the interface installed, or with the interfacing cable disconnected.

When you turn on the 576, pay attention to the frontpanel “SRQ” lamp. The 576 performs automatic poweron diagnostics, and will signal important error conditions via the SRQ lamp. If the SRQ lamp flashes coniinuously at 2 flashes/second, a problem exists with the on-

In Case of Problems or Malfunctions

If you have problems with setting up the 576 call the Keithley Data Acquisition and Control Product Support Department at 216-248-0400.

If a 576 mainframe or module in the system is determined to be defective you will receive a return authorization (RA.) number. Pack the module carefully in the original antistatic bag and mark the R.A. number on the outside of the box. Ifat any time the entire unit must be returned for servicing be sure to pack it in the original shipping materials.

3-5

Page 31

SECTION 4

Hardware Configuration

The 576 accepts signal conditioning and measurement

modules from the Keithley signal conditioning module library. These are the same modules used in other Keithley 5OOseries data acquisition systems.

Self-ID Feature

All current production versions of Keithley modules include “self-ID” capability. Self-ID enables the 576 firmware to identify an option module’s type when the system is powered up provided an AMM module is installed in slot 1.

It is conceivable that some users may have older Keithley modules and wish to use these modules in the 576. These modules may or may not include self-ID, depending on when they were manufactured. The self-ID component is a precision resistor which is connected across pins 4 and 41 of the module’s card edge connector. If there is some question about a module’s self-ID capability, check the module or its documentation.

Most modules without self-ID are also compatible with

the 576; however, a few older modules are specifically not compatible. These exceptions are as follows:

The AIMl, ADMI, ADM2 are obsolete, and are not compatible with the 576.

The AMMl (pm-“A” revision) is not compatible with the 576. However, its replacement, the fully compatible.

The 5OOGPlB is not compatible with the 576.

When a 576 system is turned on, its firmware will identify

any modules that support the self-ID feature provided an AMMlA or AMM2 module is mounted in slot 1. If a module is an older unit which does not include the self-ID capability, the 576 will simply not detect the module. No error message will be issued. If no AMM module is in-

c+allm-l &

“---.A,

language.

If a compatible module does not have self-ID capability, it still can be used in the 576 provided it is identified manually from within the programming environment. The SYST :SLOT command assigns a module to a specified slot. For example, an older AlM7 module lacking self-ID could be assigned to slot 3 with the command:

SYST :SLOT 3, AlM7;

If you attempt to assign a module to a slot for which the firmware has already identified a module, an error will

be issued.

576

mrlct ho rgnfi~& I~Q *Le proeqmb

---- “.. _ ---e,

’ Assign an AIM7 to slot 3

AMMlA,

4-1

Page 32

SECTION 4

Hardware Configurafion

Changing Default Configuration Parameters

When you manually assign a module to a slot, certain default information will be assumed for the module. This information includes items such as gain switch settings and single-ended or differential input configuration, and will vary according to the module type. You are free to reprogram these defaults to any legal values for a given module. You may also check the defaults for any module

by checking the parameters in question with the CHAN

command.

Hardware Switch Configuration

Some modules, notably the DIOl and PlM2, have performance features which are set by physical switches on the module. There is no direct method for the firmware to detect the positions of these switches, so the information must be passed to the system within the test program at run time. The “CHAN” command enables you to enter this additional information about a module which is not covered by other commands. Review the “CHAP? com-

mand in the programming section of this manual.

Setting Up Measurement and Control

The Model 576 permits you to conveniently make meas-

urements and generate control signals for a wide variety of conditions. This section of the 576 Manual presents information you will need for setting up the various acquisition and control functions of the Model 576.

Signat Connections

The Model 576 uses quick-disconnect terminal blocks for

convenient connection and disconnection of signaT leads.

Where an AMM module is plugged into slot 1, a ribbon

cable mass termination can also be used for analog input connections. This hardware is available with newer

AMMlA and AMM2 modules.

OpenyourModel576andyouwillnoteaseriesofbrown screw-terminal blocks mounted on the rear of the 576 mother board. These terminals are for digital I/O. You will also note a pair of smaller brown terminal blocks located at the front of the motherboard near the front panel. These termin als are for analog output and trigger input. Finally, the AMMIA or AMM2 module, as well as most other

modules

you may mount in the remaining option

slot, will have these brown terminal blocks. See Figure 4-1.

Top View

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

00p0000000

Set Screw

Side View

I I

Wire Receptacle

Figure 4-1. Model 576 Terminal Block

A quick-disconnect terminal block can be removed from the motherboard by pulling it straight off the motherboard with a firm, even pressure. Do not pry the terminals with a screwdriver or sharp object, or you may dam-

age the motherboard

CAUTION Some older Keithley signal conditioning modules do not have removable terminal blocks. These blocks are blue, rather than brown. You may find these types of terminals on modules which you are installing in the 576 option slot(s). Do not attempt to remove the blue terminal blocks or you will damage the board.

To make connections to a quick-disconnect terminal block, first strip 3/16 of insulation from the end of the wire which you want to attach. Loosen the desired terminal screw on the block and slide the bare end of the wire into the hole beneath the metaL tab visible in the hole. Tighten the screw to compress the tab against the wire.

After you have attached all the desired signal wires to a terminal block, replace the terminal block on the motherboard or module from which it was removed.

4-2

Page 33

Hardware Configurafion

SECTION4

There are also four holes each in the 576 front and rear panels that will accommodate standard BNC connectors. To install a BNC connector in the front panel, use a pointed knife to cut the panel overlay (the rear panel holes are open). Solder leads to the BNC connector and mount the connector in the open hole. Connect the leads to the desired terminal block according to the steps listed above.

“Channel” and “Slot”

This manual uses the terms “slot” and “channel”. Channel refers to an independent path over which signals travel between the Model 576 and the outside world. lndividually-numbered screw terminals on eachModel terminal block provide connection to its various input and output channels. One to three screws make up a channel connection, depending on the type of measurement or control signal.

The meaning of “slot” is not as obvious as “channel”. The Model 576’s companion product, the 500series, will ac-

cept up to 10 optional I/O modules which plug into

physical slots on the Model 500 mother board. Thus, one

describes modules as being mounted in certain “slots”.

The Model 576 has two physical slots in which modules may be mounted. One slot is normally occupied by an AMMlA or AMM2 module, leaving the other slot for an

optional signal conditioning module. However, the term

“slot” is still associated with other I/O functions on the Model 576 motherboard. The firmware views the Model 576 as a series of slots into which certain modules have been mounted. Slots 2,4,5, and 6 are “virtual” slots which consist of circuitry built into the 576 motherboard. Table4-1 shows these I/O functions and their corresponding slot numbers.

The following information describes connections and

jumpering for the various functions of the 576. You

should also consult the manual for the AMMlA or AMM.2 if one is mounted in slot 1. Similarly, consult the documentation for any optional module you have mounted in slot 3. Throughout the following discussion, refer to Figure 4-2, Figure 4-3, and Figure 4-4 which are component and terminal I/O drawings of the Model 576 motherboard and sideboard.

Table 4-1.

Model 576 Functions and Slot Assignments

Slot Type Function

Physical slot

Used to mount an AMMlA or AMM.2 (described hereout as “AMM”) analog input module,

or an option module where analog I/O is not required. 2 virtual slot Trigger circuitry performs all functions of the TRGl module. 3 Physical slot 4

virtual slot Analog output circuitry performs functions of an AOM5/2 analog output module.

5 virtual slot

virtual slot+

6 Eight single-ended analog inputs, with connector compatible with 3B signal conditioning

Used to mount optional module.

Digital I/O circuitry performs all functions of DIOl TTL digital I/O module.

subsystem.

*NOTE: These analog inputs are shown to exist in slot 6 according to the 576 internal configuration. This is for convenience only. The external function actually uses the AMM global analog inputs 3-10 which feed the A/D converter of the Ah04 module in slot 1. If an analog input module is used in slot 3, only 7 external inputs will be available.

4-3

Page 34

SECTION 4

Hardware Configuration

Figure 4-2.

Model 576 Mother Board

Page 35

Hardware Confipra fion

SECTION4

Figure 4-3.

Model 576 Side Board

Page 36

SECTION 4

Hardware Configuration

EXTBUWLWWERINPVT: 12-ISVACORDC-,

J15

TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK CONNECT REAR PANEL BINDIN POST TO SAFETY EARTH WITH 18 AWG WlRE MINIMUM.

J14

CAUTION

ALLINPUTS AND 0InPm-s

REFERRED M EARTH GROUND.

513

’ WARNING

USER SUPPLD LETHAL VOLTAGE MAY BE PRESENT ON CONNECTIONS AND OPnON CARa TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK DISABLE EXTERNAL POWER SOURCE?2 BEFORE MAKING ANY ADJU~RNTB OR CCINNRCTIONS TO THIS PRODUCT. THE ELECTRICALLY Sl?XSITIVE

TOHUMANS.

MODEL 515 IS

NOT FOR USE IN

AREAS,

OR FOR CONNECl7ON

J4 56

+/-J (-1

, 1 zW;;L;;N I

4-6

Model 576 I/O Connections

Page 37

Hardware Configuration

SECTION4

Analog Input - Slot 1

The lower option slot is normally occupied by AMMlA

in the Model 576-1, or AMM2 module in the Model 576-2. The AMMlA offers 62.5kHz/12-bit A/D resolution, while the AMM2 offers a 5OkHz/l6-bit A/D. Both AMM modules are physically identical. If your system is a Model 576-l or 576-2, it includes an AMM module and corresponding manual. Consult the AMM manual for more information on the AMMlA or AMM2 module.

The AMM modules contain quick-disconnect terminals for connection of up to 8 differential channels or 16 single-ended channels. If the AMM module is used in single-ended mode, connect the input signal to the desired signal terminal screw (O-15). Connect signal low to an AMM SGND terminal. If the AMM module is used in differential mode, connect the signal high input to the desired signal terminal screw (O+ to 7-t). Connect the signal low to the corresponding low input terminal (O- to 7-I.

Attach the cable ground to the AMM GND terminal

screw. See Figure 4-4.

include local amplifier gains of Xl and X10, global amplifier gains of xl, x2, x5, and x10, programmable filter

(2kHz or lOOkHz), and 0-1OV unipolar or +lOV bipolar A/D ranges. The Ah4h4 modules also contain DIP sockets for current shunt and pull-down resistors which are sometimes useful in making analog measurements. The A/D converter on the AMM modules also performs A/D conversion for any other analog input module which may be plugged into the system. The AMM modules can also perform an A/D gain and offset calibration under software control.

If analog input is not required, slot 1 may be used for another module.

NOTE The precision reference on the AMM module is used by the 576 analog output circuitry. If an AMM module is not mounted in the 576, the analog output circuitry will not achieve its rated accuracy.

NOTE For best analog input performance, be sure to use the proper ground screw on the AMM module for single-ended or differential measurements. Single-ended measurements use the SGND screw for signal low. Differential measurements use the GND screw for the cable shield connection. Do not use the SGND terminal as part of differential measurements.

NdTE You may have to detach the AMM mouniing bracket from the rear panel of the 576 to make or change analog semble the bracket when you are done.

The AMM module input mode is controlled through software. Be sure to indicate whether single-ended or differential input is desired.

The default operating modes for the AMMlA and AMM2 are 16 single-ended inputs and HOV A/D converter range.

The AMM modules are fuhy software programmable;

there are no hardware switches. Programmable features

co~ections.

NOTE

Be sure to reas-

Trigger - Slot 2

The trigger function is built into the 576 motherboard and provides one trigger input channel. The 576 firmware does not directly support a TEGl in option slot 3. PEEK/ POKE may be used.

The trigger function is a true hardware trigger by which data acquisition and control can be synchronized to external digital or analog signals. The trigger input is located on terminal block J2 at the forward left comer of the 576 mother board. Jumper W201, which also controls trigger operation, is located on the 576 motherboard.

The trigger function only operates in the AMM module’s high-speed “auto-acquire” mode which is driven by the

crystal oscillator on the AMM module.

The 576 motherboard also includes a global input to the trigger circuitry, which is accessed via the “GLOBAL IN” connector J201. J201 is located in the forward left comer of the 576 motherboard. This connector permits a signal input to the AMM module to also be used as the trigger input without requiring that the signal be connected to J2.

4-7

Page 38

SECTION 4

Hardware Configurafion

NOTE The GLOBAL OUT terminal on the AMMlA and AMM2 modules is located near the top edge of the module. If you want to use the global input feature of the trigger circuitry, you must connect the GLOBAL OUT terminal pins of the AMM module to the GLOBAL IN terminal pins of the 576. A cable for this purpose is provided. Refer to Figure 4-4.

NOTE Make sure the trigger cable is installed correctly or you may introduce noise into the measurements. The trigger cable extends from the GLOBAL OUTPUT J7 at the top edge of the AMM module to the trigger GLOBAL INPUT terminal J201 on the 576 motherboard. Pay close attention to the orientation of the beveled comer on the connector at each end of the cable. The bevel must be over pm 1 on J7 and over pin 2 on J201.

Typical trigger modes include the following (see Figure 45):

1. Trigger at a user-defined threshold on the falling edge of the trigger signal. Stop when the prescribed number of points have been acquired.

2. Trigger at a user-defined threshold on the rising edge of the trigger signal, and acquire data only when the signal is above the threshold. Stop when the prescribed number of points have been acquired.

3. Trigger at a user-defined threshold on the falling edge of the trigger signal, and acquire data only while the signal is below the threshold level.

4. Trigger at a user-defined threshold on the rising edge of the trigger signal and take only one reading. (Normally used to uigger a readjng of another channel.>

5. Trigger at a user-defined threshold on the falling edge of the trigger signal and acquire one reading. Repeat each time the trigger condition is met until the prescribed number of points have been acquired.

Page 39

Hardware Confiprafion

3. Tngger at a user-defined threshold on the Wling slope of the trigger signal, and acquire data only the first time the signal goes below the thereshold level. Stop when the signal goes baok up above the thresholc

SECTION4

1, Trigger at a userdefined threshokf on the falling slope of the trigger

slgnal. Stop when the prescribed number of points have been acquired

2. Trigger at a userdefined threshold on the tking slope of the trfgger signal and acquire data only when the signal is above the threshold Stop when the prescribed number of points have been acquired.

Figure 4-5. Typical Trigger Modes

4. Trigger at a userdefmed threshold on the rising slope of the trfgger signal and take oniy one reading. Nonnaliy usedfo of another channeL

5. Trigger at a userdefined threshold on the falling slope of the trigger signal, and acquire one reading. Repeat eaoh time the trigger condition

is satisfkf until the pmsorfberf number of points have been taken. NormaZy used to synohronke readings to an external event.

triggera

mating or7

Page 40

SECTTON Hardware Configuration

Setting Jumpers for Trigger Modes

Jumpers on the 576 motherboard and the AMM module select and configure the trigger function.

Single Trigger Input analog input module off a single trigger signal fed to the 576, set jumpers and connections as follows:

576 trigger jumpers - Locate W201. Jumper pin 1 to

pin 2. Connect the trigger signal to J2. AMM module - place jumper J3 over pins 1 and 2.

Connect the signal of interest to one of the AMM mput channels.

To gain access to the jumpers on the AMM module and 576 motherboard, you must remove the AMM module from slot 1. If you have a module in slot 3, you must also remove it to gain access to the AMM module and 576 motherboard.

to trigger an AMMlA or AMM2

NOTE

Option Slot - Slot 3

nections according to your application. Hold the module with the component side facing upward. Insert the rear edge of the module into the upper module guide located on the power supply shield, and slide the module into the upper option slot connector. Attach any necessary brackets, mounting screws, or strain relief to complete the hardware installation. If you are using both slots for option modules, install the slot 1 (lower) option module first. The steps are the same as outlined for slot 3.

Analog Output - Slot 4

The analog output function is built into the 576 motherboard, and consists of two high-speed 13-bit output channels which behave as a 2 channel AOM5 module. Terminal screws are located on Jl at the forward left corner of the 576 mother board. The 576 analog output circuitry has a 5@ settling time, and can theoretically achieve speeds upwards of 2OOkHz. However, the speed of the 576 microprocessor limits the analog output speed.

There are restrictions as to the output capabilities of each channel. Generally, there is an upper limit on the amount of -capacitance and a lower limit to the resistance that can be connected across the output. To avoid possible oscillation, output capacitance must be less than 2OOpF.

The Model 576 has two option slots. Slot 1 is normally used for an AMMlA or AMM2 analog measurement module. The second option slot can be used to operate a module to provide a capability which is not built into the Model 576. Examples are modules for isolated input, current input or output, thermocouples, strain gauges, frequencies, and LVDTs.

Consult the Keithley catalog for more information on specific available module functions and capabilities. If YOU are in doubt as to the compatibilitv of a certain module with the Model tion and Control

(216)248-0400.

Before you install or remove a module from the Model 576 option front panel power switch or you will damage the module.

To install an optional module, see the manual for your option module for any required configuration of gains, ranges, switches, etc. Set up the module and make con-

576, con&t Keithley Data Acquisi-

product support in the U.S. at

CAUTION

slot, turn off the

576

if it is necessary to drive a capacitive load larger than 2OOpF, a 100&Z or larger resistor must be placed in series with the output. This will slow down the settling time somewhat, depending on the value of the capacitive load. If an analog output channel must drive a load with both low resistance and high capacitance, the output must be buffered by an external voltage amplifier.

Similar restrictions apply to the output current, which is determined largely by the resistive component of the load connected across the output. If the resistance is too small, accuracy will suffer. To maintain rated accuracy, the load resistance should be no smaller than 2wz with a maximum output of *lOV. Maximum current output is 5mA.

The analog output circuitry also offers an “auto-sequence” mode which can be implemented through PEEK and POKE commands. This feature makes it possible to write optimized high-speed analog output routines. It is described later in this manual.

NOTE The 576 analog output function uses lO.OOV precision reference on the AMM module. If an

410

Page 41

Hardware Configurafion

SECTiON

AMMl A or AMM2 module is not mounted in slot 1, the 576’s analog output feature cannot achieve the rated accuracy.

Digital I/O - Slot 5

The digital input and output functions are built into the 576 motherboard. Digital I/O consists of 32 non-isolated, TlLcompatible channels which are configured in

groups of eight channels, called ports, for input or output (see Figure 4-4).

TTL standards define an input “0” or ‘low” as being less than OBV, and an input “1” or “high” as being greater than 2.OV. A typical output high level is 3.75-4V.

The ports are configured through software control. When the Model 576 is initially switched on, all digital ports on the 576 motherboard initialize in a high-impedance, t&state condition. Four terminal blocks (Jl2 - J15) are located at the rear of the 576 motherboard. Each terminal block provide connections to a port plus two ground screws for ports 0, 1,2, and 3, respectively. The ports correspond to the connectors as shown in Table 4-2.

Power Control - Slot 5

Ports 2 and 3 of the digital I/O circuitry can also be used for power control. These ports are internally connected to the card-edge J16 located at the rear of the 576 motherboard (see Figure 4-4). Thus, they are shared by the power control connector and 2/3 port digital terminals. When the ports are used for power control, they should not be used for digital I/O, and vice versa.

Power control requires the optional PCM3 relay card and ribbon cable assembly, plus whatever relays are needed for the application. The power control function includes switching of external loads as well as sensing when current is flowing through an external circuit. The ports 2 and 3 can both be configured for sensing, control, or one port can be dedicated to each function. You must select relays according to the voltage range, function, and AC or DC voltage. See Table 4-3 for available types.

Table 43.

Keithley Part No.

Power Control Relays for the PCM3

Description

Table 42.

1 Connector 1 Port Designation

Do not short a digital output terminal to ground or you may damage the digital circuitry of the Model 576.

The digital ports 2 and 3 are used for power control as well. Do not leave a PCM.3 relay board connected to the 576 motherboard unless you are doing power control.

Digital Channels and Ports

J12

J13

J14

T15

CAUTION

WARNING

1 z

5OO-OACl 5OO-OAC2 500~IACl 500~IAC2 500-ODCl 500-ODC2 500-IDCI

The digital ports 2 and 3 are used for digital I./O as well. Do not leave a PCM3 relay board connected to the 576 motherboard unless

you are doing power control.

When progra mming the power control (output) function, note that the logic is “low-true”. The output of the 576 channel corresponding to a selected relay must be set to logic “0”, or ‘low” in order to turn on the relay. A channel will be read as “low” when a sensing relay detects current flow to an external load.

120V AC Control Relay

240V AC Control Relay

120V AC Sensing Relay 240V AC Sensing Relay 60V AC Control Relay 200V DC Control Relay 32V DC Sensing Relay

WARNING

4-11

Page 42

SECTION 4

Hardware Configurafion

External Input - Slot 6

The external input function offers eight single-ended

analog input channels for direct connection to an optional Analog Devices 3B signal conditioning rack, or any

single-ended input. Connection is made through mass-

termination connector J307 which is located near the

lower option slot on the 576 sideboard assembly. The

connector is a 26-pm ribbon-cable type. You will normally make connection to this termination using a cable you receive with the Analog Devices 3B subsystem. The pinout data for this connector is shown on Figure 4-4.

Input signals from J307 are routed directly to the global multiplexer of the AMM module in slot 1 along analog pathways 3-10 as shown in Table 4-4. This frees all the mput channels on AMM module for other signals. As such, the external input is really an extension of slot 1, not slot

6. Slot 6 is used in the 576’s configuration for user convenience only.

Table 44. External

Input

Channels- Slot 6

NOTE

The EXTERNAL function requires an AMM module in Slot 1. The input signal may be analog or digital.

Advanced Topics

The following information covers topics which will enable you to optimize the performance of your Model 576.

Gain Most analog input modules compatible with the 576 offer

some type of gain which can be applied to the input signal. The gain will be set according to software parameters, or with older modules, according to hardware switches on the module.

The value of applying gain conditioning is that it can in-

crease a relatively low input voltage before the voltage is digitized by the A/D converter. This provides a greater number of A/D counts which improves the effective

resolution of the reading.

External Input AMM Global

Channel Multiplexer Input

0 10 1 9 2 8 3 4 5 ; 6 7 3

The external signals are selected by the AMM global multiplexer and sent to the AMM A/D converter for digitizing. Programmable global gains of xl, x2, x5, and xl 0 can be applied to external analog input signals. Local gain is fixedatxl.

NOTE If an analog input module is used in slot 3 of the 576, the external channel 7 will not be available for use.

For instance, with a 16-bit A/D converter input range of +lOV, an input of OV produces 32768 counts from the A/D converter, while O.lV produces 33095 counts. With

a gain of Xl00 applied, the O.lV signal will be amplified to 1OV at the input of the A/D converter. This corresponds to 65535 counts from the A/D converter. Thus, the A/D

converter now breaks a difference of O.lV into 32767 steps, not 327. This substantially improves the resolution of the measurement.

Two types of gain are available. First, the AMMlA and AMM2 modules and several other analog input modules include a front-end amplifier called the “local gain amplifier? or “instrument amplifier”. This stage applies gain to the signals input directly to the screw terminals of that

module.

is selected through software control, and consists of xl and x10 gain ranges. Other modules gains of xl, x10, x100, or x1000, set through software control or hardware switches depending on the module. Some “high-level input” modules, such as the AlM2, have a gain of only xl.

For the AMMIA and AMA&! modules, local gain

may

have available

412

Page 43

Hardware Configurafion

SECTION 4

The second type of gain available in a the Model 576 is applied by an amplifier stage immediately before the AMM

A/D converter. The amplifier stage is called a “global

gain amplifier” because its gain can be applied “globally” to any analog input signal as it is routed to the system

A/D. This circuitry and the A/D converter are both lo-

cated on the analog master measurement module. In the

case of the Model 576, this is an AMMlA or AMM2 module. The global gain amplifier normally has ranges of xl, x2, x5, and x10, which are selected on a channel-by-channel basis through software.

Local gain and global gain can both be applied to a signal simultaneously, and the overall gain is multiplicative.

Therefore, gains as high as x10,000 are available (AIM8

module local gain at x1000, followed by A/D global gain of x10).

NOTE To optimize low-level measurements, use shielded cable and other low-noise measurement techniques, such as differential input. As much as possible, avoid noisy environments. These are good practices for any measurement set-up, but especially important when measuring low-level signals.

Single-ended inputs normally have two wires, or a wire and shield. For two wires, one wire is generally considered the signal lead, while the other is the ground lead. For a shielded cable, the center wire is usually signal, while the shield is ground.

WARNING To prevent a shock hazard, the ground lead of equipment powered from ll5V AC must be connected to ground potential. The voltage difference between the equipment ground and the Model 576 ground should never exceed a few millivolts.

CAUTION

Maximum input voltage for Model 576 in-

puts is &15V. Note that if any input exceeds HOV, all inputs will be inoperative.

Differential signals may have two or three wires. For twowire circuits, one wire is signal positive and the other is signal negative. Unlike single-ended configurations, this negative lead is not necessarily at ground potential. Three-wire differential inputs normally consist of a positive lead, a negative lead, and a ground shield.

A/D Converter Range A second general method of optimizing analog input sig-

nals is to change the A/D converter input range. The AMMl A and AMM2 modules used in the Model 576 provide two A/D ranges: &lOV and 0 to +lOV. This range is selected through software.

Changing the A/D converter range allows you to more precisely match the converter to the voltage produced by the instrument amplifier. You can make measurements

with different A/D ranges, global amplifier gains, and lo-

cal amplifier gains in your test programs. This matches the system to a wide range of voltage inputs.

Single-Ended vs Differential Input

Analog inputs applied to the Model 576 will fall into two general categories: single-ended inputs and differential inputs. These input schemes can usually be identified by the numbers of wires which must be connected for one signal.

Differential outputs are commonly found on laboratory instrumentation and other precision instrumentation. The use of two leads plus ground offers maximum immunity from common mode noise and ground loops. The shield should be connected to the GROUND terminal screw on the analog input module.

Whether you use a differential or single-ended input depends on several factors. You can measure many types of

differential signals in single-ended mode. Three-wire

differential signals must be measured in differential mode. Low-level signals should be measured in differential mode to also be used where maximum precision is required. Single-ended mode affords the greatest number of channels, and can be used where you need the maximum number of inputs for measuring higher-level voltages.

Measuring Currents

The Model 576 cannot measure current directly, but it can measure the voltage drop produced across a resistor when current flows through the resistor. The AMMlA and AMM2 modules have three 16-pin DJJ?sockets (J4, J5,

minimize noise. Differential input should

413

Page 44

SECl-TON 4 Hardware Conjiprafion

and J6), each of which accepts a “header” plug which can hold up to eight analog input resistors. Each resistor must be connected from a pin on one side of the header to the corresponding pin on the other side of the header. See the AMMl A or Ah4M2 manual for details.

For differential current measurements, the header must be plugged into J4 on the AMM module. This places the resistor across the (+) and (-1 inputs of the differential channel.

For single-ended current measurements, the header must be plugged into J5 on the AMM module. This places the resistor across the (+> and ground inputs of the singleended channel.

Choose a value for the resistor which produces a voltage drop of one to a few volts. Calculate the resistor value you need with Ohm’s law E = I x R,

E (desired voltage drop) = I (in amperes) x R (in ohms)

Generally, you may choose any resistor value which gives a suitable voltage drop. To avoid heating which may affect measurement accuracy, make sure the maximum power dissipated in the resistor is well within the power rating of the resistor. Calculate this dissipation with another Ohm’s law equation,

each signal input. These resistors can be soldered to headers plugged into input resistor sockets on the module. The header should be plugged into J6 on the AMM module.

Input Filtering

When noise is a problem, filtration may be applied to analog input signals. The AMMlA and AMM2 modules in the Model 576 both include a programmable filter between the global gain amplifier and A/D converter stages. This filter has cut-off frequencies of 1OOkHz and 2kH.z.

Where further filtering is desired, a single-pole input filter may be placed on the incoming signal line for any analog input (see Figure 4-6). The relative RC values will depend on a variety of factors, including the frequency of the noise, the required attenuation, and the necessary response time. The RC values can be computed from the formula:

f(3dB) =

2nRc

Where f is in Hz, C is farads, and R is ohms. The resulting system response time within .Ol% is then equal to

9.2xRc.

P=l?xR

Measuring Floating Sources

You may need to install analog input resistors when you measure a floating signal in differential mode. A floating signal typically has a “+” terminal and a “-” terminal neither of which is at ground potential. The signal has no low-impedance return path to ground. Under these circumstances, the input of the AMM module or other analog input module may exhibit a capacitive effect and build a charge from the input signal. Over several minutes, the common mode voltage may rise until the analog input no longer functions properly. This causes no damage to the module, but does make it impossible to meas-

ure signals.

The solution is to connect a resistor of 1OK ohms or less from the negative analog input terminal to ground for

414

As an example, assume that 10 counts of 6OHz noise is present in the signal. To reduce the noise to one count, an attenuator factor of lO(2OdB) will be necessary at 6OHz. A single-pole filter will roll off at a rate of 20dB per decade. Thus, a 3dB point of 6Hz would be chosen to attenuate to 6OHz noise by 20dB. Rearranging the above equation to solve for R we have:

27~ x C x f(3db)

Picking a nominal value of 0.5@? for C, the necessary resistance is:

2n:x(O.5x10-9~6

R = 53,000 ohms

Page 45

Hardware

SECTION 4

Configurafion

The resulting response time (Tr) is:

Tr = 9.2xRC

Tr = 9.2 x 53000 x 0.5 x lOA Tr = 024sec

Note that there are a number of RC values that can be used in a given application. To minimize the effects of the series resistance, however, it is recommended that the value of R be kept as low as possible.

Figure 4-6.

Single-pole Input Filter

Analog Output Range

The analog output range is set through software control.

You may select from several ranges for the Model 576

analog output function. The default D/A range is rtlOV. Available ranges of analog output are +lOV, fiV, &2V, and &IV.

The analog output converter circuitry data format is 12 bits plus a sign bit. For unipolar ranges, the D/A output will be divided over 4096 steps. For bipolar operation, the sign bit causes the polarity of the converter to be positive or negative. The result is that the full A/D range of -10 to

+lOV is effectively divided into 8192 steps. By selecting a narrower output range, the output resolution can be improved further at the expense of the available voltage span. Progr amming -0V or +OV results in the same output. Note that if you are writing raw D/A counts to the analog output channels, the output value will be written as two 8-bit words. The sign bit is the most significant bit. Format:

s XXX HHHH LLLLLLLL

where

S =Sign H = High-order bits L = Low-order bits X = Don’t care.

4-15

Page 46

576 Commands

Introduction and Overview

The 576 is programmed over the GPIB bus, which is the standard implementation of IEEE standard 488-1978. The GPIB interface is the communication link between the 576(s), other GMB devices, and controller. The interface and bus supply all the necessary programming, data and control information to operate the 576. The 576 programming language includes commands for data and memory management, creating subroutines, rate control, triggering, timestamping, system configuration, and engineer-

ing units conversion.

SECTION 5

set default engineering units conversions and data format (UNlT, :FORMAT),

set up GPIB parameters (:EOI, :SRQ TERM),

set and read the real time clock (CLOCK),

return system error message CERR?),

set system power up/down options (:SAVE),

configure the slots with modules CSLOT),

set up timestamping CSTAMP),

10.

and return the system ID CIDN?).

11.

Apply calibration factor to AMM module (CAL)

Read and write data directly to hardware (PEEK and

POKE)

The 576 fully supports all the series 500 I/O modules except the AIMl, ADMl, ADMZ?, AMMI, MEMl, PCM2, STEP1 /STEP2, TRGl and GPIB modules. A revised version of the AMMl, the AMMlA, is fully compatible with the 576. The MEMl, STEPI, STEP2, TRGl, PROTO, and WAVl modules may be used in the 576 if they are accessed through the PEEK and POKE commands.

Configuration

The SYST command is used to configure or interrogate

the system functions of the 576. The command contains a function parameter which allows the user the following capabilities:

1. select the filter of the system A/D (:AMM),

2. get memory and buffer information (:MEM?, :BTJF?),

All

the system commands are executed immediately upon receipt and those ending with ‘?” will immediately buffer the requested data for a reading by the controller.

The GHAN command is used to configure or interrogate the input / output functions of the 576. The GHAN command also contains a function parameter which allows the configuration 0E

1. the filter of the specified channel or range of channels. (:FILTER),

2. the gain applied of the specified channel or range of

channels. CGAIN),

3. the offset enable or disable (:OFFSET),

4. the mode of the specified channel or range of channels. (:MODE), and

5. the range of the specified channel or range of channels. (:RANGE).

. . -

5-l

Page 47

SECITON 5 576 Gmmands

The use of these functions is dependent on the module being configured. Consult your hardware manual for the detail description of the hardware. These commands are also immediately executed upon receipt and those end-

ing

efi m?,

for a read by the controller.

The 576 supports calibration of the AMM modules through use of the SYST CAL command. This calibration is a gain and offset correction for the global input amplifier. To allow the system to perform correction it is required that the calibration constant supplied with the AMM module be sent to the 576. This constant is stored in battery backed up RAh4 and need only be downloaded to the 576 the first time the system is used. If calibration is disabled and later re-enabled, if the AMM module is recalibrated, or if the battery support of the RAM fails. Any time after the constant is sent to the 576 the command “SYST CAL;“, without the constant, can be issued to generate all the calibration coefficients used by the 576. This command should be issued only after the 576 has been powered up long enough to meet the warm-up time specification.

will immediately buffer the requested data

Data and Memory Management

The 576 allows up to twenty buffers, named BO through B19, to be dynamically allocated from the 100,000 bytes of system data memory. The system data memory size can be increased to over 480,000 bytes through the use of the memory expansion option.

Data buffers are created in the 576 using the BUFF DIM

(dimension buffer) command. Buffers are of a specified type (BYTE, WORD, LONG, TC) and are dimensioned as the number of channels in a scan by the number of scans. The TC specifier handles the special case of reading thermocouples and automatically allocates an additional channel (WORD) per scan to store the cold junction reference. The dimension statement also enables timestamping through use of the STAMP specifier. When this feature is specified, six additional bytes are automatically allocated per scan or per buffer (see SYST :STAMJ?).

Data in a buffer can be copied from one buffer to another to change the data format and/or to apply a scale and offset to the data using the BUFF MOVE command. For example, this command allows buffered A/D data collected in a 12 bit format to be scaled, offset, and then stored in another buffer in a 16 bit format for output to a 16 bit D/A.

Triggering and Program Control

The 576 supports the use of conditional triggers, similar to BASICS IF...ELSE...ENDIF constructs. These permit a sequence of user-specified commands to be executed based on the trigger condition being true or false. The trigger conditions compare an input to a user specified value or to two user values in the case of windowed triggering. Triggering can be done on any 576 input data, the DATE and / or TIME, or on the status of any buffer (full or not full).

Most data in the 576 is managed through buffered operations using the BUFF commands. The BUFF READ com-

mand is used to convert and format data in the specified buffer to the specified engineering units and data format. The data is then ready for a read by the controller.The

BUFF WRITE command is used to send data, in the specified engineering units, from the controller to the speci-

fied buffer. The READ command collects data from an input device and stores it to a specified buffer. The WRITE

command sends data in a specified buffer to an output

device.

All data stored in 576 buffers is stored as raw binary data. Data being sent to the 576 from a controller is converted as it is sent, based on specified engineering units conversion and system data format, to raw binary and then stored in the buffer. Data stored in the 576 buffers is converted from raw binary to the specified engineering units and format as it is sent to the controller.

5-2

The 576 also provides an analog trigger, using the TRIG command, for time critical triggering. The TRIG command is used in conjunction with the READ command in the QUICK mode.

Looping constructs are also supported, permitting the user to implement a standard DO...LOOP and

WHILE...WEND loop construct similar to that used in

BASIC. The WHILE triggering can be done on any 576 in-

put data (also allows windowed trigger), the DATE and /

or TIME, or on buffer status (full or not full).

Delays can be set in a 576 program using the WAIT command. This command can be used to halt a program an absolute amount of time, from 1 millisecond to 65 minutes, or until a group execute trigger (GET) is received. There is also a HALT command which can stop the program execution on an SRQ condition or when the command is encountered.

Page 48

SECTION 5

576 Commands

The 576 can be programmed when to begin execution of the stored program. Use the SYST :TRIG function to select the start option. The options include: start on receipt of X command, start on receipt of group execute trigger (GET), or start at a specified TIME and/or DATE.

Timestamping

Several modes for timestamping of data are provided with the 576. The SYST :STAMP function is used to configure the timestamp mode. Timestamping can be configured to stamp a buffer one time (ONCE) or can stamp the buffer at the start of each scan of data (SCAN). of timestamp can be configured to contain the time only (TIME) or may contain both time and date (CLOCK). The resolution of the timestamp is 10 milliseconds. When timestamping is enabled and hardware triggering (TRIG) is being used the 576 applies a special timestamp

mode with a resolution of 1 microsecond.

Timestamping of a buffer is enabled through the dimension buffer (BUFF DIM) command by selecting the optional timestamp specifier (STAMP). The 576 will automatically allocate the appropriate amount of buffer space based on the timestamp mode and type set in the SYST

:STAM? command.

The type

Using subroutines and the ONINT command allows the capability to chain subroutines. This is done by issuing the ONINT command from within a subroutine to execute a different subroutine at the next interrupt. The interrupt rate must be set high enough to allow time to complete execution of the longest subroutine. With this feature the user can create a time - sliced multiprogram system in the 576. The RETSUB command used in a subroutine with interrupts active allows the creation of a limited time sliced multitasking system. The command IN-

TOFF is used to turn off interrupts.

Engineering Units Conversion and Data Formats

Engineering units conversions include volts, milliamps, hertz, and degrees C or F for thermocouple types J, K, S, T, E, B, and R, and RTDs . The default conversion is set using the SYST :TJNIT function. The system default can be overridden using the optional “unit” parameter in various commands.

Data formats supported in the 576 are MOTOROLA binary, INTEL binary, ASCII with a prefix, and ASCII without a prefix. The default data format is set using the SYST

:FORMAT function.

Subroutines

A subroutine in the 576 is a series of commands begin-

ning with a SUBR “name” command and ending with an

ENDSUB command. The SUBR “name” command assigns a name to the subroutine which can later be called with the CALL “name” command, or to execute the subroutine when an interrupt occurs, it can be called with the ONINT “name” command at the interrupt rate specified in the command. The RETSUB command can be used at any time in a subroutine to return to the place in the program from which the subroutine was called.

When using the ONINT command only the last specified ONINT subroutine name will be active. Ample time must be allotted in the interrupt rate specified to allow complete execution of the subroutine or an interrupt overrun error will occur.

Up to ten user defined subroutines can be loaded in the

system at

within a subroutine.

one time. Any 576 command can be used

Using this section of the manual

This section of the 576 manual contains an alphabetic listing of aE the commands used in controlling the 576. Each command includes a description of the command, the command syntax or format, programming notes, and progmmming examples.

The progmmmin g examples are shown for selected commands. These programming examples list only the 576 commands required to do a given task; they do not include any other syntax which may be specific to any controller progr be written by combining the supplied 576 commands and appropriate commands from the user’s chosen programming language environment. Comments may follow some commands, and are preceded by an apostrophe (‘1.

If entered into a program, these comments must adhere

to the specific language’s conventions for identifying comments or remarks.

amming language. Actual test programs can

5-3

Page 49

SEC2-TON 5

576 Commands

Some important notes on 576 commands

ALL 576 COMMANDS must be terminated with a semi-colon (;I.

Commands can be delimited with a space, a comma, or a tab. Only the first four characters of any command or

3. function are required by the 576. Those commands

having less than four characters require the full name. Any characters entered after the first four characters are ignored. Using the full command names are recommended for good program documentation since all commands are very english-like.

The parameters in 576 commands are position de-

pendent. All parameters, including optional parameters must be entered in the order documented in the manual or an error will be issued.

The 576 is case insensitive. Upper and lower case are

accepted.

Terms and Conventions used in this Section

1. All 576 commands shown in this section will show the command name followed by a space and will separate the command parameters with commas.

2. Some commands contain optional parameters. Opiional parameters are enclosed in square brackets ( “[ I” > and are position dependent.

3. Some commands allow the use of command extenders. The command extender character is the colon ( ‘2” > and is used to string functions in a single command together without reissuing the command each time.

4. Some commands require the selection of one of several options. The use of braces ( “{ )” ) denotes that one of the items in the braces must be selected. A vertical bar ( ” I ” > is used to indicate an OR condition

where the choice of one or more of the several op-

tions listed must be made. “< >” denotes user supplied values or data.

5. All information shown in italics are controller spe-

6. cific commands. Where a range of channels is specified, there can be

7. no spaces included in the channel range parameter, i.e. “2-7” is correct; “2 - 7” is not.

576 PROGRAMMING COMMAND SET

“BUFE - Buffer Clear, Dim, Index, Move, Read, Stat,

Write CALL - Call Subroutine **CHAN - Channel Configuration DEBUG - Debug Tag DO, LOOP - Loop Control HALT - Halt +*IREAD - Immediate READ ‘Y*TWR1TE - Immediate WRITE IF, ELSE, ENDIF - Conditional Execution ONINT, INTOFF - Setup Background Subroutine PEEK - Peek at address POKE - Poke to address READ - Read Input Device RESET - Reset System SUBR, RETSUB, ENDSUB - Create Subroutine “‘SYST - System Configuration TEST -Self Test TRIG -Hardware Trigger WAIT - Time or GET delay WAVE - Control WAV module output. WHILE, WEND - While Condition ControI WRITE -Write Output Device X - Execute **ZCAL - Zener reference calibration

* BUFF DIM and BUFF WRITE are immediate commands ** = hnmediate commands

5-4

Page 50

SECTION5

576 Commands

- CHAN *

- DEBUG

- DO, LOOP

- HALT * - HALT [SRQ]:

- IREAD IREAD [unit,] slot....; *

- IWRITE

1 ZLX&~ E-g?3 CQ;f:

- PEEK PEEK slot....:

- POKE POKE slot,...:

- READ

- RESET

- SUBR, RETSUB, ENDSUB- SUUa$

- SYST -

- DEBUG n;

- DO [n times): LOOP:

IWRlTE [unit.] slot,...: e

L PEEK ID....;

READ slot, chans, Bn...; READ slot, char6 Bn. QUICK; READ TIME. Bn;

---E

READ CLOCK, En;

SYST :AMM [jilter] SYST :BUF ? : SYST :CAL...: SYST :CLOCK...; SYST :EOI...; SYST :EFiR ? ; SYST :FORM...: SYST :IDN ? ; SYST :MEM ? ;

CHAN slot, chans :FILTER...: CHAN slot, chans GAIN...: CHAN slot. chans MODE...: CHAN slot; chans :OFF&f-..; G-IAN slot, chans :RANGE...; CHAN slot, chans :FUNC...: CHAN slot, chans :AMPL...; CHAN slot, chans :DUlY...; CHAN slot. chans :FREQ...:

POKE GLOBAL....;

POKE RESET...; POKE STROBE...;

RESET OUT; RESET MEM; RESET ALL;

SYST :TERM...:

- TEST - TEST:

- TRIG -

- WAIT

- WAVE -

- WHILE, WEND

- WRITE

-x

- ZCAL - ZCAL cwb;’

TRIG source...; WAIT dime>...;

L WAlTGET;

WAVE slot. than. mode;

-WRITE slot, chans, En...;

WHILE slot, char+: WHILE {DATE 1 TIME)...: WHILE Buffer...; WEND;

= Immediate Commands

-+ condition 1

5-5

Page 51

BUFF CLEAR

Clear buffer contents

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

The BUFF CLEAR command clears the contents of the specified buffer.

BUFF CLEAR Bn;

Bn - any valid buffer number

1. A “BUFF READ Bn” command (no [&an] option) automatically reads back the entire contents of the specified buffer and then clears the contents of a buffer.

2. A “BUFF READ [than] Bn” command reads the specified channel’s data from a buffer but does not clear the contents of the buffer. Therefore, it is necessary to use BUFF CLEAR after a “BUFFREAD [than] Bn” command before any new data can be put into the buffer.

5-6

Page 52

BUFF DIM

Dimension buffer

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

To dimension and allocate a data buffer for input or output operations. There are up to twenty buffers that may be allocated from system memory, named BO through B19.

BUFF DIM [type,]Bn, #than, #scan [,STAMP];

type

Bn - number of the buffer to be allocated: BO-B19. #than - number of channels per scan, up to 32 maximum.

#scan - number of scans per channel to allocate for the buffer.

STAMP - optional flag to enable timestamping on specified buffer.

1. BUSI? DIM is an immediate command.

2. The buffer dimension ‘type’ needed to store a reading varies with the module and type of reading:

Digital reading (port) BYTE Analog reading Thermocouple reading TC allocates 1 WORD per reading +l WORD per scan for

- optional array type specifier, default is WORD (16 bits). BYTE = 8 bits, WORD = 16 bits (default), LONG = 32 bits, TC = temperature array. See programming notes 1 and 2 below.

WORD (non thermocouple) the cold reference junction. Example:

ChO data vahre 1, Chl data value 1, reference 1, ChO data vaIue 2, Chl data value 2, reference 2,

ChO data value 5, Chl data value 5, reference 5 PI&U, PIM2 (16-bit count) WORD PIM2 (32-bit count) LONG PCMl, DIOlA

CLOCK

3. When dimensioning an array for temperature measurements using thermocouples the array must be of type ‘TC’. This wiU allocate an additional WORD per scan to store the cold junction reference data which is read on each scan. This is only valid on modules

with a cold junction reference (AIM5, AIM7).

4. If TIME is read with the READ command, the buffer must be dimensioned for type ‘LONG’ and one channel. If CLOCK is used, the type is also ‘LONG’ but ‘#chans’ must be

2, one long for the date and another for the time. See READ TIME command for more information on reading real time clock information to buffers.

5. See the BUFF READ or BUFF WRITE command for more information on using buffers.

6. See SYST :BUF?; co

7. See SYST :MEM?; command for information on finding blocks of free memory.

mmand for information on checking buffer status.

BYTE LONG (for READ TIME only) LONG (for BEAD CLOCK only, must specify 2 in ‘khan’)

5-7

Page 53

8. To conserve system memory space specify the optional array type specifier when dimensioning arrays for digital I/O or MM I/O.

9. Timestamping requires the 576 to allocate additional space per buffer. 6 bytes per buffer or scan (depending on the mode and type) is allocated automatically by the 576 if the optional STAMP flag is specified. See SYST :STAMI? for more information on timestamp configuration.

Programming

Examples

Example 1. Temperature Array BUFF DIM TC,BO,l,lO;

SYST :SLOT 3, AIM’; READ 3,5,BO,FILL; x;

Example 2. Timestamped Array

SYST :STAMP SCAN,CLOCK;

BUFF DIM B2,2,100,STAMP;

DO 100;

IF 1,2,GT&DCV;

READ l,O-l,B2;

ENDIF;

LOOP;

‘allocate a TC array for 1 channel of temperature 10 scans. ’ Note: an extra WORD (2 bytes) per scan will be allocated in ’ I30 for the cold junction reference.

‘AIM7

‘read AIM7 in slot 3, channel 5 and cold junction reference to ’ buffer 0, fiU buffer.

‘time stamp time and date on every scan ‘allocate word array for 2 channels of 100 scans. Note: 6 ex ‘tra bytes allocated per scan for timestamp.

‘if voltage on slot 1 channel 2 greater than 3 volts ‘read slot 1 channels O-l with a time/date stamp

in slot 3

5-8

Page 54

BUFF INDEX

Report last point accessed in buffer

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

The BTJFFINDEX command returns the number of scans of data that have been written to the specified buffer. The information is returned as an unsigned long integer.

BUFF INDEX Bn;

1. The buffer specified in BTJFF INDEX must exist or an error will be generated.

- valid 576 buffer number, BO-B19

5-9

Page 55

BUFF MOVE

Translate/move buffer contents

Purpose

Format BUFF MOVE slot,chans,Bnew, Bold,[,<scale>,coffset>];

Parameters

Programming

Notes

The BUFFMOVE command copies data from one buffer to another translating it to the format required by the output device which is identified by the module in the specified slot. This command also allows a scale and / or offset (y=mx+b) to be applied during the conversion.

The scale value is a floating point multiplier and the offset value is in units of volts.

slot

ChaIXS

Bnew Bold scale

offset

1. Buff Move permits scaling and offset of data for use by a subsequent READ or WRITE command.

2. ‘Bold’ and ‘Bnew’ must be dimensioned identically.

3. Scale and offset are any valid single precision floating point number.

- slot number of the module which is the destination for the translated data.

- channel or range of channels that specify data conversion.

- number of the buffer to store the translated data: BO-B19.

- number of the buffer to translate: BO-B19.

- (optional) parameter which will scale the buffer data as it is being converted from one slot format to another.

- (optional) parameter which will offset the buffer data as it is being converted from one slot format to another.

Programming

Examples

4. If values for scale or offset are out of valid range for the input/output device the value will be clipped at the maximum or down, rounding errors may result in loss of resolution of original signal.

5. The offset value is in units of volts only.

6. If the data in ‘Bold’ is to be read to the controller, it should be read before the BMOVE command is issued. BUFF MOVE resets the buffer pointers and disables subsequent BUFF READ’s of the data. BUF.F MOVE may be issued more than one time on Bold.

7. BUFF MOVE will not accept buffers dimensioned with “STAMP”.

SYST :SLOT 3,AOM4;

BUFF DIM BO, 2,100; BUFF DIM Bl, 2,100; BUFF DIM B2,2,lOO; READ l,O-l,BO,FILL;

BUFF MOVE 4,0-l,B2,BO; BTJFF MOVE 3,1-2,Bl,B0,2,.1;

WRITE 3,1-2,Bl,l; WRITE 4,0-l,B2,1; x;

‘Slot 3 has an AOM4

‘read 2 channels, 100 pts each into buffer 0 ‘translate BO data to 12 bits + sign for AOM5

‘translate BO data to 12 bit for AOM4 with a gain of 2 and an ’ offset of +.lV (y = 2x f .l>

‘write 1 cycle of Bl to AOM4 charts l-2 ‘write 1 cycle of B2 to AOM5 chans O-l ‘execute program

minimum value for the device. If values are scaled

5-10

Page 56

BUFF READ

Read data from a buffer

Purpose

The BUFF READ command reads a specified channel’s data from a specified data buffer or channel into the controller’s memory. The data is read from the buffer, converted to specified engineering units and data format, and buffered for reading by the host through the GPIB port. If a channel is not specified, the entire buffer is returned.

Format BUFF READ [unit,][chan,]Bn;

Parameters

tit

than

- (optional) EU specifier, overrides system default if specified. RAW = raw A/D counts no EU conversion DCV = volts

TCn[,CIFJ=TCtyp e n: J, K, S, T, E, B, or R. Reading in C or F. RTDn [,C I F] = RTD type n: 85 or 92. Reading in C or F. HZ = Hertz

TIME = data to be read is time information

CLOCK = data to be read is date/time information

- optional channel number. If the than option is used, only the specified channel’s data is returned to the controller. If the than option is not used, the entire buffer will be returned. The CHAN option is not valid with TIME or CLOCK units.

- number of the buffer to use: BO-B19

Programming

Notes

1. Data is read from the buffer according to the units specified in the command. The system defaults are used if the units option is not specified. See SYSTUNJT and SYS’PFORMAT for information on setting up default system engineering units and data transfer formats.

2. If the specified buffer or channel does not exist, an error will be generated.

3. Each BUFF READ of a buffer returns the contents of the entire buffer. If the [&an] option is used, data will be returned only for the specified channel. After a BUFF READ without [chanl option, the buffer may be reused immediately. If a BUFF READ is performed with [than] option, the buffer may not be reused until either a BUFF READ of the entire buffer is performed, a BUFF CLEAR is executed.

4. When reading a buffer that was configured for time stamping, the data is returned in the following format:

Mode,Type Output Format ONCE, TIME

ONCE, CLOCK SCAN,TIME TlME,<scanl data>,TIME,cscarQ data>...

SCAN, CLOCK DATE,TIME,<scanl data>,DATE,TlME,cscarQ data>...

TIME,<scanl data>cscan2 data>... DATE,TlME,cscanl data>cscan2 data>...

5-11

Page 57

5. Timestamp information is returned in ASCII format except when engineering units of “RAW” is specified. If the engineering units flag is “RAW”, data is returned in packed BCD format. See the appendix section for information on buffer format.

6. The TIME and CLOCK unit options must be specified when the buffer data is collected

using READ TIME or READ CLOCK commands. TIME and CLOCK engineering units cannot be used if the “[chanl” option is used.

7. A BUFF CLEAR command must be issued to clear a buffer’s contents before a READ com-

mand can place new data in the buffer.

8. Tune/Date information is returned in ASCII format except when engineering units of

“RAW” is specified. Engineering units of “RAW” returns data in packed BCD format.

5-12

Page 58

BUFF STAT

Calculate buffer statistics

Purpose

Format BUFF STAT [unit,][chan,]Bn;

Parameters

Programming

Notes

The BUFF STAT command provides Minimum, Maximum, and Mean values for the specified buffer channel. This function generates statistical information based on the currently selected Engineering Units.

unit

than

1. The format of the data returned from the BTJFF STAT command is:

2. If the optional channel number is not specified, then the BUFF STAT command returns a minimum, maximum, and mean value for each channel in the buffer.

3. This function does not perform a buffer clear operation upon completion.

- Optional Engineering Unit conversion specifier. Use to override the system default settings. TIME and CLOCK are invalidUnits for this function.

- Optional Channel specifier. If the optional channel is specified, then the statistics returned are for the given channel only.

- Valid 576 buffer number, BO-B19.

eMin Va.lue>,cMax Value>,cMean Value>

5-13

Page 59

BUFF WRITE

Write/convert data to buffer

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes 2

Writes data from controller to selected data buffer. Everything sent to the 576 after the BUFF WRITE command will be considered data until the specified number of samples for each channel have been placed in the data array.

BUFF WRITE [unit,]slot,chans,Bn,<data>,cdata>,cdata>,...cdata>;

unit

slot chans - channel or range of channels to be used. A range of channels is specified

Bn <data> -

BUFJ? WRITE is an immediate command. As data is written to the 576 it is converted from the specified data format and engineering

units to raw binary based on the configuration of the specified channels. The system default unit is used if the option is not specified. See SYST :UNIT and SYST :FORMAT for information on setting up default engineering tits conversions and data transfer formats.

If the specified buffer does not exist an error will be generated.

The number of samples that must be written to the buffer are specified in the BUFF DIM command for the buffer. The system will generate an error if a line terminator is received

before all data is transmitted.

- (optional) engineering units specifier, default is system default. RAW = Raw A/D counts, no conversion DCV = Volts

slot number of the module the data is for. as “start &n-stop than” ( eg. “2-5”).

- number of the buffer to be written: BO-B19. stream of data sent to the specified buffer. The number of bytes, words, or longs placed in the buffer is specified by the BUFF DIM command.

= Milliamperes

5-14

Page 60

CALL

Call subroutine

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

The CALL command allows the inline execution of a subroutine created using the SUBR,

ENDSUB commands.

CALL subname;

subname -

1. The subroutine must exist at run time or an error will occur during program execution.

2. See the SUBR, RETSTJB, ENDSUB commands for information on creating subroutines.

3. See the ONINT, INTOFF command for information about background subroutine execution.

SUBR TstBOFul;

IF BO, FU; ENDIF;

ENDsTJB; Main Program

BUFF DIM BYTE, BO, 3,100; DO;

READ 5,0-2, BO;

CALL TstBOFul;

LOOP; x;

name of a user defined subroutine.

‘Create subroutine TstBOFul ‘Test if buffer 0 is FULL

BUFF READ DCV, BO;

‘If BO is f%l, send data to host

‘End subroutine

‘Create buffer 0 for 3 channels, 100 bytes each ‘Loop forever ‘Take 1 reading, slot 5 DIOlA , ports O-2 to BO ’ Call subroutine to test for buffer full

5-15

Page 61

CHAN

Configure channel

Purpose

General

Format

Parameters

Functions

The CHAN command is used to configure and interrogate channel functions. These functions are listed below..

CHAN slot,chans :functionLoptions];

WAN slot,chans :function ?;

slot chans

:function

options

:FILTER :GAIN :MODE

:OFFSET :RANGE :FuNc :WL

:DUlY

:EREQ

- slot number of the module to be configured.

- channel or range of channels to be configured. A range of channels is specified as ‘start than-stop than ’ ( eg. ‘2-4’). Legal values depend on the module

type*

- module function to be configured or interrogated. The CHAN command must always be followed by a function. If the function is followed by a ‘?“, the setup or value of the specified function will be returned. If the function is followed by parameters, the function wiIl be configured by the specified data.

- function parameters, required and/or optional, for the specified function. See specific function for details.

sets the filter for the specified channel sets the total channel gain to the specified value set up operating mode of module (single-ended/differential, gated/normal, read/read&reset, input/output ) enable or disable offset (AIM8 and WAVI.) sets the range of an A/D, D/A, PlMl frequency, or WAVl module. sets wave shape. Used for WAVl module. sets wave amplitude. Used for WAVl module. sets wave duty cycle. Used for WAVl module. sets wave frequency. Used for WAVl module.

Programming

Notes

5-16

1. All CHAN commands are immediate.

The use of the colon (“:“) in front of a function is required. It is used as a command exten-

der to allow multiple functions to be declared in a single command. For exampIe to configure a channel on an AMM module:

CHAN 1,3 :GAIN 20 :MODE DF :RANGE 1OB; sets channel 3 of the AMM in slot 1 to a gain of 20, in differential input mode, on a +lOV

A/D range.

3. The AMM filter can be programmed on a channel-by-channel basis with the SYSTEM:AMM command.

4. See the RESET command for information on resetting module functions to their default states.

Page 62

CHAN :FILTER

Set local filter

Purpose

Format CHAN slot,chans :FILTER val;

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

The FILTER function allows the user to select which local filter will be used during the acqui-

sition of data. The command must precede the acquisition or a default value will be used.

CHAN slot,chans :FILTER ?;

All CHAN commands are immediate.

Once a filter value has been assigned to a channel, it remains in use until another filter command is issued for that channel,

AMM modules do not have local filters. See the SYST :AMM command for information

on con!Quring the system filter on the AMMlA and AMM2 modules.

If wideband fiber operation is desired on the AIM8 module, specify ‘NONE” as the val parameter.

SYST :SLOT 3, AIM9; SYST :AMM IOOK; CHAN 3,0 :FILTER 2; READ 3,O,Bl; BTJFF READ Bl;

Module 1 Lot. Filter

- filter value, depending on the module in the slot.

- returns the current f&r setting for the slot/than in the form: ‘FILTER [chans] valL val]...“.

or the 576 is reset to the power-up state.

’ AIM9 in option slot 3 ’ Set AM&f system filter to lOOKH2 ‘AIM9 filter=2Hz ’ Read slot 3, channel 0 into buffer 1 ’ Read buffer 1

Val

IIxs.L.a

WTDEBANDI

AIM9

2%%$

TRGl

?OE

l?Ei

3okHz 1ooliHz 3ookHz

1MHzl

nH.z

Note 3

Default

2. Use “NONE” (without quotes) for wideband filter

3. General format, where filter information for module specifies nHertz, &Hz, or nMHz. See module for available filters.

nl3.z nHz

u&jN 2

% 300

1OK

30K

1OOK

300K

nK nM

5-17

Page 63

CHAN :GAIN

Set channel gain

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Default

The GAIN function allows the user to set the total gain desired on the specified channel(s).

The function will set the programmable global gain amplifier of the master analog module in

slot 1, and the local programmable gain amplifier of analog input modules with software programmable gain amplifiers, or the gain switch settings to the 576 so that engineering units conversions can compensate for the gain applied.

CHAN slot,chans :GAIN total gain; CHAN slot,chans :GAIN global, local; CHAN slot,chans :GAIN ?;

total

gain

global local - optional gain specifier used to notify the 576 of the local gain setting of the ana ?

Gain switch defaults to Xl on all slots where applicable. Gain local defaults to the lowest value applicable for each slot.

- the value of the total gain to be applied to the specified chans. optional gain specifier for the global gain setting applied to the analog input channels (must be used with local gain).

log input chans (must be used with global gain).

returns the current gain setting for the slot/than in the form:

“GAIN [chans] val, local [ val, local I...“.

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

5-18

All GHAN commands are immediate.

This command will set the total channel gain. It will always set the highest gain possible nearest to the input signal and the rest of the gain at the AMM programmable gain amplifier. It is possible to alter this by specifying the ‘local gain that you desire closest to the

input signal.

For modules with switch selectable gain, the ‘local” gain parameter must be issued if the switch is set to a gain other than the default gain.

The ‘local gain’ parameter can also be used to override the gain settings set by the system as described in program note 1.

BUFF DIM BO, 4,100; CHAN l, O-2 :GAT.N 100;

CHAN I,3 :GAIN 10,l; READ l, O-3, BO, FILL;

BUFF READ BO; x

‘Dimension BO for 4 channels, 100 scans ‘Set total gain on channels 0, 1,2 to 100 (xl0 local, x10 global)

‘Set total gain on channel 3 to 10 (override local to xl, global to ‘x10) ‘Read channels O-3 to BO and fill buffer ‘Read buffer BO ‘Execute

Page 64

Module

Module Gains and Input Ranges

Global Local

Default

Voltage Range 1

AMMlA

1,2,5,10 1,lO

10 / 1 / 0.1

Same

When specifying TOTAL GAINc5

Total = Local x

Voltage shown at gains of xl, x10, . . . ranges are available using global gains of x2 or x5.

2. Isolated input. Maximum input = 5V for AIM4,0.05V for AIM5.

3. Module gain continuousIy adjustable from xl to x20. Firmware always treats local gain as xl.

4. When TRGl is used as a single analog input channel.

5. Where several combinations equal the same total, highest appropriate local gain will be used, with any remainder applied as global.

Global

x10,000 as is available with a given module. Other intermediate

above

I I

Same as above

5-19

Page 65

CHAN :MODE

Set module operating mode

Purpose

Format

Parameters

The MODE function sets the mode of operation of the module in the specified slot.

CHAN slot,chans :MODE mode;

CHAN slot,chans :MODE ?;

mode ?

Module

AMMlA SE AlM3A DIOl IN Set port for Input

DIOlA

PIMl NORM, {COW I RESET} Normal event counting mode, continuous

operating mode for the module in the indicated slot. See table below.

- returns the current mode setting for the slot/chan in the form: “MODE [chans] mode Loption] modet, option]...”

modes

:F Differential mode

GATE, {CONT I RESET} Gated event counting mode, continuous count

Explanation

Single-ended mode

Set port for Output

count or read/reset

or read/reset

Frequency mode

5-20

Default

On power up, modes are set as follows: AMM and AIM3A -Single ended (SE).

DIOl /DIOA - Ports 0 and 1 are input, ports 2 and 3 are output PIMl -Frequency mode and 62.5k range MM2 - 16-bit reading with reset AOM5 -+-1OV (10B)

CONT, (16 I 32)

RESET, (16 I 32)

by other commands.

Continuous counting - read PIM2 and allow counting to continue, use specified than in 16 or 32 bit mode Read and Reset - read PIM2 value and immediately restart count at 0, use specified than in 16 or 32 bit mode

Other defaults &lOV A/D (10B) and gain = xl) are set

Page 66

Programming

Notes

1. All CIHAN commands are immediate.

2. The RIM2 32-bit mode uses channels O-l as one channel pair and 2-3 as another and the mode assigned is used by the pair. In 16 bit mode eachchannelmay have individual mode

settings.

3. When an input mode is set for analog input, it applies to all channels on the associated module. Single-ended and differential can not be mixed on one module.

Programming

Examples

CHAN 3,0 :K4NGE 62 :MODE FREQ ’ Set PIMl in slot 3, than 0 to frequency, range

’ to 62.5kI-Iz

GHAN 3,0 :MODE RESET,32; ’ Set NM2 in slot 3, than 0 (and 1) to Read and

’ Reset, 32 bits

5-21

Page 67

CHAN :OFFSET

Set offset

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Default

ProgramN;::

This function is used to set the offset on a module. At present only the AIM8 and WAV modules implement this feature.

CHAN slot, chans :OFFSET offs; (WAVI) CHAN slot,chans :OFFSET option; (AIM8)

CHAN slot,chans :OFFSET ?;

offs - the desired DC offset value, in volts, for a WAVl module output waveform. option -

On power up the offset condition is DISABLE for an AM8 and 0 volts for a WAVl.

1. All CHAN commands are immediate.

2. When used with a WAVl module, CHAN :OFFSET sets the DC bias of an output waveform. The offset cannot exceed the amplitude range set for the module (e.g. flV or t-1OV for a WAVI).

is the condition of the offset ENABLE = enable offset DISABLE= disable offset

- returns the current offset setting for the slot/chan in the form: “OFFSET [charts] option option...“.

Programming

Examples

5-22

CHAN 3,0 :OFFSET ENABLE; ‘Enable offset on AIM8 in slot 3, than 0 CHAN 3,l :OFFSET DISABLE; ‘Disable offset on AIM8 in slot 3, than 1

BUFF DIM BO, 2,l; ‘Dimension buffer

READ 3,0-l,BO; ‘Read slot 3 channels O-l into buffer 0 BUFF READ BO; ‘Read buffer 0

‘Execute

Page 68

CHAN :RANGE

Set A/D, D/A, or frequency range

Purpose

Format

Parameters

me RANGE function is used to inform the 576 of A/D, D/A, frequency, a slot and charme basis.

CHAN slot,chans :RANGE range; CHAN slot,chans :RANGE freq; (PIMI) CHAN slot,chans :RANGE ?;

range -

freq -

the operating range for the indicated module: 10B

IOU 10B

1OTJ 5B 5u

Frequency range for counter module.

62K

125K

250K

4.M 8M

= &lOV = o-1ov

= +1ov = o-1ov

=&.5V = 0-5v = f2.5V or k2V = flV

= 62 kHz (default) =125kHZ =25okHz =lMJS.Z =2MH.z =4MHz =8MHz

(default) (for Analog Input)

(default) (for Analog Output)

(for PlMl)

or voltage ranges on

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

1. All CHAN commands are immediate.

2. On power up all ranges are set according to defaults.

3. WAVl output range is set by a switch on the module. Range programmed with GHAN :RANGE must match this setting (i.e. 1B or IOB).

CHAN 3,0-2 :R4NGE 1OB;

returns the range setting in the form: ‘RANGE [chansl range/freq range/ freq . ..”

‘Set the output range of channels 0 to 2 of the AOMl/5 ’ in slot 3 to +1ov

S-23

Page 69

CHAN :FUNC

Set waveform shape

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Sets the output waveform shape for a WAVl module.

CHAN slot, than :FUNC function

slot

chan function -

1. All CHAN commands are immediate.

2. The CHAN :FUNC command is used in conjunction with the WAVE command. Any errors in this command will not be reported until the program containGng the WAVE command is executed.

- slot in which module is mounted (3 = 576 option slot). the channel being addressed.

the desired output waveform shape: SINE

SQUA

NONE = DC output, no waveform.

= sine wave = triangle wave = square wave

5-24

Page 70

CHAN :AMPL

Set output amplitude

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Sets the peak-to-peak output amplitude of a WAVl module.

CHAN slot, than :AMPL amplitude

slot - slot in which module is mounted (3 = 576 option slot). than amplitude - the desired output amplitude, specified in volts peak-to-peak. The specified

All CHAN commands are immediate.

The CHAN :AMPL command is used in conjunction with the WAVE command. Any er-

rors in this command will not be reported until the program containing the WAVE com-

mand is executed. The specified amplitude must be less than the maximum by at least one bit’s value. For

3. example, the WAVl’s nominal output range is 20V p-p. The maximum that can be programmed is 19.9951V for the 20V p-p range, or 2V p-p max value is 1.9951.

The WAVl module has two output ranges (&lV or +lOV) which are selected via a switch

4. on the module. The programmed amplitude must conform to the maximum permitted by the switch position.

- the channel being addressed. amplitude must be less than the maximum.

5-25

Page 71

CHAN :DUTY

Set output duty cycle

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Sets the duty cycle for the waveform output by a WAV module.

CHAN slot, than :DUTY duty-cycle

slot than duty-cycle -

1. All CHAN commands are immediate.

2 The CHAN :DUTY command is used in conjunction with the WAVE command. Any er-

rors in this command will not be reported until the program containing the WAVE command is executed.

3. The specified duty cycle must be within the permissible range for the module, e.g. 5-95(%) for the WAVl module.

- slot in which module is mounted (3 = 576 option slot).

- the channel being addressed. the desired duty cycle, expressed as whole number percent, e.g. specify 50 for

50%.

5-26

Page 72

CHAN :FREQ

Set waveform frequency

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Sets the output frequency for a WAV module.

CHAN slot, than :FREQ frequency [,freq-range]

slot than frequency freq-range - optional parameter which selects a specific frequency range:

1. All CHAN commands are immediate.

2. The CHAN :EREQ command is used in conjunction with the WAVE command. Any errors in this command will not be reported until the program containing the WAVE command is executed.

3. The specified frequency must be within the permissible range of the module. If the freq-range option is omitted, or if AUTO is specified as the freq-range parameter, the firmware will select the best frequency range for the desired frequency and duty cycle.

- slot in which module is mounted (3 = 576 option slot). the channel being addressed.

- the desired frequency, expressed in Hz. AUTO

200 2K 20K 200K

=autorange to the optimum range. =2Hz range

=2OHz

=2OOHz range

=2kHz

=2OkHz range =2OOkHz range

range

5-27

Page 73

DEBUG

Set debug number

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

The DEBUG command allows the user to tag commands sent to the 576 for debugging purposes. Each time the DEBUG command is encountered, the value of its associated debug number will be stored in the serial poll byte, bits 0 through 2. If an error is encountered in a program, the value stored in the serial poll byte can be used to indicate the location in the program where an error occurred. By monitoring the serial poll byte, the DEBUG command can also be used to indicate the status of program execution.

DEBUG number;

number -

1. The numbers assigned to the debug command do not have to be in sequential order or start with the number 0.

2. See SYST :ERR ? command for information on getting error information to the controller. A listing of error strings and an explanation of the error is included in the Appendix section of this manual.

3. See SYST :SRQ ERR; command for information on generating an SRQ for an error condition.

1. Monitoring program status DO;

LOOP; X;

is a number from 0 to 7.

DEBUG 1; READ l,O,BO,FILL; DEBUG 2; READ l,l,Bl,FILL; ‘read channel 1 DEBUG 3; BTJFF READ BO; BUFF READ Bl;

‘Set serial poll byte bits 0, 1,2 to 1 ‘read CHANNEL 0 ‘set serial poll byte bits 0, I,2 to 2

‘set serial poll byte bits 0, 1,2 to 3 ‘read buffers BO and Bl

5-28

SPOLL 03

INPUT POLLBYTE IF BITO,l,2=1

PROGRAM STATUS = READING GHAN 0

IFBITO,l,2=2

PROGRAM STATUS = READING CHAN 1

IFBITO,1,2=3

PROGRAM STATUS = READ BUFFERS

LOOP

’ Serial poll the 576 ’ Read the serial poll byte

Page 74

DO LOOP

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

Loop control

The DO and LOOP commands are used together to define a program loop to be executed in the 576. The loop construct allows an operation similar to the BASIC FORNEXT loop.

DO b-d;

LOOP;

n - loop count, 1 - 4,294,967,295 (232-l), or LOOP FOREVER if n is not specified.

Every DO command must have an associated LOOP or an error will be issued.

1. Loops can be nested to eight levels.

Example 1. Execute program in loop indefinitely

Do;

cprogram>

LOOP; x;

’ loop forever ’ execute program ’ loop end

Example 2. Execute program in loop 1000 times DO 1000; ’ Loop 1000 times

READ l,O,BO;

LOOP; ’ End loop

’ Read slot 1 channel 0 into buffer 0

5-29

Page 75

HALT

Halt program

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

The HALT command causes the 576 to stop executing the program. This command may be used with a conditional trigger command to stop the 576 from overwriting data collected prior to a specific condition becoming true.

HALT [SRQ];

SRQ -

1. Halt on SRQ is an immediate command.

2. The HALT command, like a DEVICE CLEAR, stops program execution.

3. See the SYST :SRQ function for information on generating service requests.

Example 1. Halt program execution on SRQ (buffer full)

SYST :SRQ BUFF; BTJFF DIM B0,5,10; HALT SRQ

Do;

READ 1,0-4,BO;

WAITl,MlN;

LOOP; x;

will stop program execution when an SRQ is issued. If SRQ is not included, program stops when HALT is issued.

’ Issue SRQ on buffer full ’ Halt program on SRQ

’ Loop forever ’ Read slot 1, channel O-4, into buffer 0,l scan ’ Sample about every minute.

5-30

WAIT ON SRQ

DEVICE CLEAR

READ DATA

Example 2. Stop program execution on condition

DO;

IF l,O, GT, 2.5, DCV;

HALT; ENDIF; READ l,O,BO;

LOOP; x;

’ Reinitialize communication with 576

’ Loop forever ’ If slot 1, channel 0 >2.5V then ‘Halt ‘Endif ’ Read slot 1, channel 0 into buffer 0 ’ End loop

’ Execute

Page 76

IF ELSE ENDIF

Purpose

Format

Conditional execution

The IF command allows the definition of a code segment that only gets executed if the conditional portion of the IF construct evaluates TRUE. IF, ELSE, and ENDIF can be nested to eight levels.

The ELSE command allows the definition of a segment of code that gets executed only if the condition expression portion of the IF command evaluates FALSE.

The ENDIF command terminates the IF command.

IF slot,chan,[NOT,]cond,<vall> [[,cval2>] [,unit]]; IF { DATEITIME}, [NOT,]cond, cvall>; IF Bn, [NOT,]FU;

(action 1)

ELSE;

(action 2 )

ENDIF;

Parameters

Programming

Notes

slot than

NOT

cond <vail>

cvd2>

unit

1. If specifying date/time stamps you must specify the date in the same mode that was used to set the real time clock. Also note that you can not specify both the time and date in one IF command. To do conditional triggering on both date and time use two nested IF statements. See SYST :CLOCK for more information.

- location of the module being tested.

- number of the channel being tested.

- optional specifier to test for condition being NOT TRUE.

- expression which must evaluate TRUE. (See Valid Expression Table for all available condition operators)

- value typically used in an expression when a single limit or low threshold value is required. If DATE or TIME is used vall is the date, in the last format specified or the time.

- optional value typically used in an expression as an upper limit or high threshold value.

- optional engineering units conversion specifier. The lower and upper threshold values, vail and val2, will be used in the ‘units’ specified otherwise the default units will be used. See SYST: UNIT for setting default engineering units.

- number of the buffer to be tested: BO-B19. Test is for buffer full (FLJ) or not full (I;\TOT,FU).

5-31

Page 77

2. Every IF must have a matching ENDIF or a run time error will be issued upon receivingx (execute).

3. IF’s can be nested 8 levels deep.

4. With Bit Test Operators the vail parameter specifies the bits to be tested.

Nested IF’s must be used to simulate a between (BT) or NOT between condition for time and date.

Expression

Table

6. If the specified operator is

tional

test, i.e.

VAL must be less than the high limit and greater than the low limit.

BT,

the lower and upper limit are excluded from the condi-

7. If the specified operator is NOT BT, then the low and high limits are included in the condi-

tional test, i.e. the VAL mustbe greater than or equal to the high limit, or less than or equal to the lower limit.

van Val2

Operator

MEUIillg

LT Less Than

EQ LE

GE Fu

Greater Than Yes Equal To YeS Less Than or Equal To Yes Greater Than or Equal To Buffer Full No No

BT Between

Required Required

YeS

No No No No

Yes No Yes

Yes

Bit Test - Any bits set in val Yes No

fsi

NOT OR

Bit Test -All bits set in val Bit test - all bits not set Yes

Yes No

NOT AND Bit test - Any bit not set Yes No

Programming

Examples

5-32

Example 1. Generic example to show nesting

IF 0;

ELSE;

‘level 1 ‘Ievel2

‘level 3

‘else level 3 WI; ‘level 4 ELSE;

‘else level 4 ENDIF; ‘end level 4

ENDIF;

ELSE; ‘else

ENDIF

‘end level 3

‘end level 2

level 1

‘end level 1

Example 2. Trigger Buffer Full Example BUFF DIM BO, 1,25;

Do;

READ l,O,BO; IF BO,J?U;

BUFF READ BO;

ENDIF;

‘read slot 1, than 0, to buffer 0

‘when buffer becomes full

‘read

buffer 0

LOOP;

Page 78

Example 3. Trigger Conditional example taken 1 step further SYST :UNIT TCJ,C;

Do;

IF l,O,GT,4000;

READ l,O,BO; BUFF READ BO;

‘loop forever

‘if slot 1,channelO is > than 4000 counts ‘read slot 1, channel 0

‘read buffer

ELSE;

IF 3,O,LT,23;

READ 3,O,Bl; BUFF READ Bl;

ENDIF;

LOOP;

‘if temp is less than 23 deg C

‘read temperature ‘send buffer 1 up bus ‘end if (level 2)

‘end if (level 1)

‘end loop

Example 4. Trigger on DATE / TIME IF DATE, GT, 4-4-1990;

IF TIME, GT, 12~00;

READ l,O,BO; BUFF READ BO;

’ if the date is greater than April 4,199O

‘and the time is greater than 12:00

‘read slot 1, channel 0 ‘send data up the bus

ENDIF;

5-33

Page 79

IREAD

Immediate data read

Purpose

Format IREAD [unit,] slot, chans [,cAvg>];

Parameters

Programming

Notes 2

The IREAD command is used to read data immediately from an input channel to the controller. The command reads data from the start channel to the stop channel of the specified slot,

applies the specified engineering unit conversion, and immediately puts the data in the 576

output queue for reading by the GPIB controller.

unit

slot - slot number of the module being read.

chans cAvg>

TREAD is an immediate command, and not intended for program mode.

If the channel list is invalid for the module, an error will be generated.

If the specified engineering unit is illegal for the module, an error will be generated. (MA is illegal for TREAD).

Typical co mmand for averaging: IREAD- 1, 0,100; will take 100 readings from channel 0, sum the readings, divide the sum by 100, and return the result to the 576 output queue.

See discussion of immediate vs program mode at the end of the command section.

- (optional) EU specifier, overrides system default if specified. RAW = raw D/A counts no EU conversion

Dcv = volts TCn [,C I F] = TC type n: J, K, S, T, E, B, or R. Reading in C or F. RTDn [,C I FJ = RTD type n: 85 or 92. Reading in C or F. Hz = Hertz

channel or range of channels to be read (specify range as

“start chart-stop than”, e.g. “1-5”).

- the number of points to be averaged (l-65535).

5-34

Page 80

IWRITE

Immediate data write

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

The IWRlTE command is used to write data immediately from the controller to an output

channel. The command writes data from the start channel to the stop channel of the specified

slot.

IWRITE [unit,] slot, chans, <data>...;

unit

slot

ChElllS

<data> - stream of data to the specified buffer.

1. IWKJTE is an immediate command, and not intended for program mode.

2. If the channel list is invalid for the module, an error will be generated.

3. If the specified engineering unit is illegal for the module, an error will be generated.

4. A data value must be specified for each channel in the list or an error will be generated.

5. When writing a negative voltage as a raw value to an AOM5 or slot 4, calculate the raw value as the required data bits plus 32768.

6. See discussion of immediate vs program mode at the end of the command section.

- (optional) EU specifier. System default is used if unit is not specified: RAW = A/D counts, no conversion

Dcv = volts MA = milliamperes

- slot number of the module the data is for.

- channel or range of channels (specify range as “start than-stop chart”, e.g. “l-5”).

5-35

Page 81

ONINT INTOFF

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Setup background subroutine

The ONINT command allows the user to have a subroutine execute on an interrupt at the rate specified. This command gives the system a ‘background’ processing capability. This command also allows the chaining of subroutines on subsequent interrupts. The INTOFF command is used to turn interrupts off.

ONINT sub[,crate>,unit]; INTOFF;

sub rate

unit

- the name of one of ten user definable subroutines. The subroutine name specified will be executed at the specified rate.

- the magnitude of the interrupt period.

- the time frame of the specified rate. The range of rate for each unit is shown below. USEC MSEC = milliseconds, 1 - 65535 SEC

MLHZ = millihertz,

= microseconds, 125-65535 = seconds, 1 - 3267

= minutes, = hertz,

l-65

1 - 65535 1 - 8000

Programming

Notes

1. Only the last issued ONINT command subroutine will be executed at the specified rate.rate. Every time ONINT is issued, ‘sub’ becomes the active background subroutine.

2. To suspend background activity, the command ‘INTOFF;’ will turn off interrupts. A subsequent ONTNT command will resume execution of the specified routine.

3. The interrupt rate specified must allow adequate time to execute the subroutine specified in the background. If not enough time is specified to complete the background execution before the next interrupt, an interrupt overrun error will occur.

To determin e the amount of time required to complete execution of subroutine send a program to the system which begins by reading the real time clock, then executes the subroutine in question using a CALL command, and finally reads the real tune clock again. The execution time of the subroutine can be calculated by subtracting the first real time clock reading from the last.

READ TIME,B2; ’ Read real time clock to buffer 2 CALL GETDATA; ‘Execute subroutine GETDATA using a CALL READ TIME,B3; ’ Read real time clock to buffer 3 BUFF READ TIME,B3; ’ Read real time clock values in buffers BUFF READ TIME,B2;

TIME DIFFERENCE B2 to B3

If the time difference is 0, the timed routine executes in less than 10 milliseconds.

4. When changing interrupt rates, the new rate will take effect upon completion of the execution of the present interrupt cycle.

’ Calculate elapsed time to execute subroutine

5-36

Page 82

5. If a READ . . ,QUKK is encountered while interrupts are active, interrupts will be suspended until the READ is complete. See READ for more information.

6. If no subroutines have been defined, the error “Only 10 subroutines can be defined” will be issued.

Programming

Examples

Example 1. Simple subroutine in background BUFF DIM TC, BO, 3,100; BUFF DIM Bl, 5,100; ONINT GETDATA,l, SEC;

DO;

IF BO, FU;

BUFF READ TCJ,F,BO; ENDIF; IF Bl, FU;

BTJFF READ DCV,Bl; ENDIF;

LOOP; SUBR GETDATA;

READ 3,1-3, BO; READ 1,0-4, Bl;

ENDSUB; x;

Example 2. Example of multi-tasking subroutines BUFF DIM TC, BO, 3,100; BUFF DIM Bl, 5,100; ONTNT GETTEMP,1, SEC;

DO;

IF BO, FU;

BUFF READ TCJ,F,BO;

ENDIF; IF Bl, FU;

BUFF READ DCV, Bl;

ENDIF; LOOP; SUBR GETTEMI?;

READ 3,1-3, BO;

ONINT GETAMM;

ENDSUB;

SUBR GETAMM;

READ 1,04, Bl; ‘cead AMM slot 1, channels 0 to 4 to buffer 1

ONINT GETTEMP; ‘change to subroutine GETTEMP next interrupt ENDSUB;

’ Dimension arrays ’ Execute subroutine GETDATA in background at a rate

’ of every 1 second ’ loop forever ‘ifbufferofull ’ read BO, J type thermocouple deg F

‘ifbufferlfull ’ read Bl, DCV

’ Create subroutine GETDATA ’ Read AIM7 slot 3, channels 1 to 3 to buffer 0 ’ Read AhIM slot 1, channels 0 to 4 to buffer 1

’ Dimension arrays ‘ Execute subroutine GETTEME in background at a rate

’ of every 1 second ’ Loop forever ‘IfbufferOfull ‘read buffer 0, J type thermocouple degrees F

‘ifbufferlfull ’ read buffer 1, DCV

‘create subroutine GETTEMP ‘read AIM7 slot 3, channels 1 to 3 to buffer 0 ‘change to subroutine GETAMM next interrupt

‘create subroutine GETANIM

5-37

Page 83

PEEK

Read data at address

Purpose

Format

Parameters

The PEEK command allows the user to examine the contents of the 576 hardware, and places the data in the specified buffer.

PEEK slot, cmd, Bn [,FILL]; PEEK ID, Bn [,FILL];

slot cmd

Bn BILL ID

- the slot number of the module to be read. See table below.

- the command to be used for the read. Valid commands are A, B, C, or D. See table below.

- the number of the buffer to use: BO-B19.

- (optional) flag used to specify peek until buffer full.

- reads the contents at the self ID address location

Slot Function

option slot 1 2 TRGl 3 option slot 2 4 AOM5 5 DIOlA

Command

AlBlClD

AIBIC AlBlC

AIB AIB

Programming

Examples

1. PEEKing at invalid locations wilI generate an error.

2. Buffers should be dimensioned using “BYTE” type specifier.

3. See 576 reference section for detaiIs on CMDA, CMDB, CMDC, and CMDD.

BTJFF DIM BYTE,BO,l,lO; PEEK 3,A,BO,BILL; X;

BUFF DIM BYTE,Bl,l,lO; PEEK 3,B,Bl; X;

’ dimension BO for 10 byte inputs ’ Store 10 samples of PEEK on Command A of module ’ in slot 3 to BO ’ dimension Bl for 10 byte inputs ’ Store a sample of PEEK on Command B of module in ’ slot 3 to Bl

5-38

Page 84

POKE

Write data to address

Purpose

The POKE command allows the user to write data (O-255) to any accessible 576 hardware location from the specified buffer.

Format POKE slot, cmd, {Bn [,CYCLES] 1 dab);

POKE GLOBAL, {Bn [,CYCLES] 1 dab}; POKE RESET, {Bn [,CYCLES] 1 cval>}; POKE STROBE, {Bn [,CYCLES] 1 cvab};

Parameters

slot cmd

Bn CYCLES

cVd> GLOBAL RESET STROBE

- the slot number of the module to be written. See table below.

- the command to be used for the write. Valid commands are A, B, C, or D. See table below.

- the number of the buffer to use: BO-B19.

- the number of cycles through the buffer to perform, if not specified one data

value is written. Maximum number of CYCLES is 65535. See Note 4.

- a byte value from O-255. Data is evaluated MODULO 256

- write data to the GLOBAL 1 location.

- write data to the RESET location. (aka GLOBAL 2).

write data to the GLOBAL STROBE location.

Slot Function Command

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

1 option slot 1 AIBICID 2 TRGl AIBIC 3 option slot 2 AIBIC 4 AOM5 AIB 5 DIOlA AIB

1. Poking at invalid locations will generate an error.

2. CAUTIONz Poking at STROBE, GLOBAL, and RESET will cause a strobe on the selected lines to all modules.

3. Buffers should be dimensioned using ‘BYTE” type specifier.

4. The maximum number for CYCLES may be less than 65535. The maximum number of cycles is r2 / #scans. If the specified CYCLES number is too large the 576 will generate an error.

5. See 576 reference section for details on CMDA, CMDB, CMDC, and CMDD.

Poke an array or 100 points to the PROTO module in slot 3 BUFF DIM BYTE,BO,l,lOO; ‘setup buffer for 100 points BUFF WRITE RAW,3,0,BO, ~100 data bytes>; POKE 3,A,B0,2;

‘fill buffer with byte data ‘write 200 bytes to PROTO card slot 3,

‘command

A. (2 cycles of 100 points)

539

Page 85

Read data from channel

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Read Input(s) - Sets up the 576 to read a specified number of samples per channel from the starting channel to the stop channel of the specified slot and place the data into the specified buffer.

READ slot, chans, Bn; READ slot, chans, Bn ,FILL; READ slot, chans, Bn, QUICK; READ slot, chans, Bn ,cAvg>;

slot

ChifU-lS

Bn FILL

Qua

<Avg>

A single READ command cannot scan across more than 1 card. Two read commands cannot access one buffer.

2. If the specified buffer does not exist an error will be generated.

3. When collecting data to a buffer and more samples are collected than memory allocated, the data collected beyond the buffer size is lost. The data will not be stored anywhere. To avoid this problem, don’t collect data beyond the amount of memory allocated, or use the IF...ENDIF conditional commands and trigger on a buffer fuB (FU) condition and then read the data.

4. When type “TC” is specified in the dimension command for buffer, (for AIM5 or AIM7,) it forces the 576 to automatically read the cold reference junction on the module once per scan. See the BUFF DIM command for information on temperature reading.

5. The QUICK option can not be used with the AIM7 or AIM5 if “TC” is specified.

6. The QUICK option is only valid with selected analog input modules (AMMlA, AMM2, AIM2, and AlM3A) if multiple channels are specified. Errors will be generated for other modules. Gain or range cannot be changed in the middle of a scan.

7. The QUICK option will force the READ to run to completion before resuming program execution. This includes suspension of the ONINT command.

8. The QUICK option can be queued using the hardware trigger command (TRIG). See TRIG command for information on hardware triggering.

- the slot number of the module to be read

- the channel or range of channels to be read. A range of channels is specified as “start r&an-stop than” (eg. “2-V).

- the number of the buffer to use: BO-B19.

- (optional) flag used to specify READ until buffer full

- flag for high speed READ. (AMMIA - 31.25KH2, AMM2 - 25KHz)

- the number of points to be averaged (l-65535)

5-40

9. For single-channel acquisition, the QUICK option will allow acquisition rates of 5OKHk on the AMhU and 62.5KKz on the AMMlA. If timestamping is enabled, hardware triggering is used, or both, th e rate will drop to 25KHz and 31.25KHk respectively.

10. See the BUFF DIM command for information on buffer setup and allocation. See SYST :STAMl? and BUFF DIM for information on using the time stamping option with the READ command.

Page 86

11. A typical average operation is as follows: for a command READ l,O, BO, 100; -- 100 readings are taken and summed. The sum is divided by the number of points (100) and stored as a single reading in buffer 0.

Programming

Examples

Example 1. Read inputs and read buffer BUFF DIM BO, 3,lO; ‘setup buffer BO for 3 channels, 10 scans READ l, O-2, BO, FILL; ‘read 10 scans of slot 1, channels O-2 into BO BUFF READ DCV, BO; ‘format BO data in DC volts for a read by the controller

x; Example 2. Read Quick (576 with AMM2 in slot 1)

BUFF DIM BO, 8,100; READ l, O-7, BO, QUICK; ‘into buffer 0 at 25KHz BUFF READ BO; ‘format BO for a read in default units and format

‘read 100 samples from slot 1 channels 0 to 7

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Page 87

READ

Read real time clock

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

Read Real Time Clock - Reads the time and date information from the real time clock and stores the data to the specified buffer. The SYST :CLOCK command allows the real time clock to be read directly, (without specifying a buffer).

READ TIME, Bn; READ CLOCK, Bn;

1. See the BUFFDIM command for information on allocating buffers for BUF’FERREAD operations of the real time clock.

2. See SYST CLOCK for more information on configuring the real time clock and doing immediate reads of the clock.

BUFJ? DIM LONG, B2,1,1; BUFF DIM LONG, B3,1,1; READ TIME, B2; CALLANYSu!3; READ TIME, B3; BTJ!XER READ TIME, B2; BUFF READ TIME, B3;

- the number of the buffer to use: BO-B19. See the programming note for information on using the BUFF DIM command for these buffers.

Read time only Read date and time

’ setup buffer B2 for 1 long, 1 reading ’ setup buffer B3 for 1 long, 1 reading ’ read time to B2 ’ call a subroutine that will be timed ’ read time to B3 ’ format read of B2 and B3 to controller’s memory ’ as soon as 576 becomes talker.

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Page 88

RESET

Reset system

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

Notes

Reset specified sections of 576 hardware to power up state.

RESET mode;

mode - specifies what is to be reset

OTJT = clear outputs (i.e. set all analog and digital outputs to zero). MEM = clear memory (i.e. return all data memory to free space list). ALL

When using “ALL”, no other commands should be on the command line or awaiting exe-

1. cution. The ALL mode resets the 576 and clears the input buffer and program memory. Any commands on a line with ALL or pending execution will be lost. For example; the command string “RESET ALL; X; SYST :BUF ?; would cause the SYST :BUF ?; command to be lost, resulting in a timeout error.

The RESET OUT; command sets:

2. DOMl outputs to logic 1: (DOMl uses inverting logic).

DIOlA port A and B outputs to logic 0: (if configured as outputs).

DIOlA port C and D outputs to logic 1: (if configured as outputs). AOM outputs to OV: (based on current range setting).

If the system is not programmed to reflect the actual switch settings of all AOM modules

when RESET OUT is issued, other output voltages will result. See SYST :lUNGE function for information on setting analog output ranges.

RESET ALL; contains execution of MEM and OUT and resets all CHAN and SYST com-

mands to their default states. See appendix for module default conditions. If a DEVICE CLEAR is sent immediately after a RESET ALL, the RESET ALL will not have

sufficient time to initialize the 576. The RESET ALL command will have to be re-issued to fully reset the system. To assure that RESET ALL is complete, test the Serial Poll “IDLE” Bit after RESET ALL, and wait until the system is idle before sending additional commands.

= simulated cold boot (power up default state).

Special Note

Beginning with firmware revision E02, and when you use a GPIB interface card having its operating software stored in ROM, you must wait 2 seconds immediately after a RESET ALL command, before issuing another command to the 576. Otherwise, an error may result on the next 576 command.

To eliminate the possibility of problems, follow any RESET ALL command with a 2 second delay. In BASICA or QuickBASIC, this is done as follows:

t! = TIMER: WHILE TIMER-t! c2: WEND

This does not apply to the RESET MEM or RESET OUT commands.

5-43

Page 89

SUBR

RETSUB ENDSUB

Purpose

Format SUBR sub;

Parameters

Create subroutine

The SUBR command is used to create a program that can be called from the main program. These programs are similar to subroutines in other languages with the exception that these

can not return any data or status. The ENDSUB command is the subroutine end flag and is used to mark the end of the program to be used as a subroutine. Subroutines can be executed using the CALL command or can be executed on an interrupt at a specified rate using the ONINT command. The RETSUB command allows the return from the subroutine to the calling program.

There can be up to ten user defined subroutines at one time in the system. Subroutine names may be up to eight characters in length and may use the characters ‘A -Z ‘, ‘O-9 ‘, ’ _ ‘, and ’ $ ‘.

RETSUB;

ENDSUB;

sub

- the name of the subroutine to be created. The subroutine name may be up to eight characters in length and all characters are converted to upper case. Legal characters are ‘A-Z ‘, ‘O-9 ‘, ’ _ ‘, and ’ $ ‘.

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

1. Subroutines can call other subroutines but they can not be nested (a subroutine cannot be defined within a subroutine).

2. See CALL command for more information on calling subroutines.

3. See ONINT command for more information on executing subroutines in the background.

4. Subroutine names longer than eight characters will be truncated to eight.

5. If RETSUB is issued in the active ONINT subroutine, execution will return to the calling routine until the next interrupt occurs.

6. There is a limit of 10 subroutines in the system at one time.

SUBR TstBOFul; ‘Create subroutine TstBOFul

IF BO, FU;

BUFF READ DCV, BO; ‘If BO is full, send data to host

ENDLF;

ENDsuB;

Main Program

BUFF DIM BYTE, BO, 3,100; DO;

READ 5,0-2, BO; CALL TstBOFul;

LOOP;

‘Test if buffer 0 is FULL

’ End subroutine

’ Create buffer 0 for 300 bytes ’ Loop forever ’ Read slot 5 DIOlA , ports O-2 to BO ’ Test for buffer full

5-44

Page 90

SYST

System configuration

Purpose

General

Format

Parameters

Functions

The SYST command is used to configure and interrogate system features and functions. These system functions include the real time clock, the slot/module configuration, the IEEE data

transfer parameters (EOI, terminator), the default data transfer format and engineering unit conversion, the system calibration, system peek and poke, the SRQ mask, the startup options, the time stamping setup, the system identification string, available memory, and the error

string.

SYST :function[,options]; SYST :function ?;

:function

options

:AMM

:BTJF ? CAL :CLOCK :EOI :ERR ? :FORM :IDN ? :MEM ? PEEK POKE :SAVE :SLOT :SRQ :STAMl? TERM :TRIG :UNIT

- the system function to be configured or interrogated. The SYST command must always be followed by a function. If the function is followed by a ‘I?“, the setup or value of the specified function will be returned. If the function is followed by data, the function will be configured with the specified data.

the function parameters, required and/or optional, for the specified

function.

Set up AMM system parameters Return buffer status information Setup system calibration Setup or Read the Real Time Clock Enable/Disable EOI flag Returns system error to controller Set system default data transfer format Return system identification string Return size of largest block of free RAM Immediate read of 576 address location Immediate write to 576 address location Setup system power up options Configure slots with modules Setup SRQ mask Set up time stamping mode Set data transfer terminator sequence Select start program execution trigger

Set up system default engineering units conversion

Programming

Notes

1. All SYST commands are immediate.

2. The

I’:” used in front of the functions above is used as a command extender. A command

extender allows the use of multiple functions declared in a single command. For example to configure a system:

SYST :AMM 1OOK :SLOT 3,AIW’ :UNlT TCJ,F; This command will set up the system AMM filter for 1 OOkIIz, configure an AIM7 in slot 3,

and set the default engineering units conversion for J type thermocouple and degrees F.

5-45

Page 91

SYST :AMM

Set AMM global filter

Purpose

Format SYST :AMM filter;

Parameters

Default

Programming

Notes

The AMM function allows the user to set up the system A/D module filter.

SYST :AMM ?;

filter

The default filter setting of the AMMlA and AMM2 is 1OOkHz UOOK).

1. All SYST commands are immediate.

- filter value to be programmed for AMM global filter. ZOOK 2K

- return system A/D module filter setting in the form: “AMM filter”

= 100 kH2 filter = 2kHzfilter

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Page 92

SYST :BUF

Check buffer status

Purpose

Format

Programming

Notes

Programming

Notes

The BUF? function allows the user to get the status, full or not full, of the buffers in the system.

SYST :BUF ?;

This function returns the status of the system buffers in a 32 bit word.

Each bit number corresponds to a buffer number. Bit 0 is buffer BO, bit 1 is buffer Bl and so on. Bits 20 through 31 are not used and will be set to 0.

The status information of each bit is: 1 =BUFFERFLTLL 0 = BUFFER NOT FULL

Bit 0 is always the rightmost bit (Least Significant Bit).

1. All SYST commands are immediate.

5-47

Page 93

SYST CAL

Calibrate AMM

Purpose

Format

AMMlA and AMM2 modules bear a calibration sticker carrying a S-digit number. The SYST CAL co calibration constant configures and enables the automatic gain and offset correction feature of the AMMlA and AMM2 global amplifier. This enables the AMM module to achieve the “cor-

rected” specifications for analog measurements as published in the Model 576 manual. If the

calibration factor is not entered, the “uncorrected” accuracy specifications will apply. The calibration factor also simplifies error budgets for measurements made with any analog input

module in the option slot. With the calibration factor applied, the accuracy of these measure-

ments will be the accuracy of the module itself. It wiIl not be necessary to factor in the specifications of the AMM module.

SYST :CAL [cconsb]; SYST :CAL; SYST :CAL ?;

Parameters

const - is the factorv suuulied calibration constant found on the AMM module. If not

Programming 1.

Notes

mmand provides for entry of this calibration constant to the Model 576. The

specified the 576’&ill generate the calibration coefficients for the AMM module.

- will return the calibration constants in the form shown below

All SYST commands are immediate. The SYST CAL command will not enhance the performance of AMM modules beyond

specifications. The effect of SYST CAL may not be dramatic or even noticeable if the AMM module is already operating within or close to specifications.

The gain and offset error correction wilI only be performed if the SYST CAL function is issued with the calibration constant.

The command “SYST CAL;” must be issued, without the calibration constant, to generate the correction coefficients used in the 576. This command should be issued only after the 576 has met the specified warm-up period.

To clear the gain and offset tables, issue the command BESET ALL;. If the Model 576 hasn’t been calibrated, only the “AhJM CAL” portion of the string will be

returned. Data is returned in the format:

“AMM CAL, gain xl UP, xlBP, x2 UP, x2BP, x5 UP, x5BP, x10 UP, xlOBl?, Where

User the user-supplies a cal factor. GAIN is the gain correction factor. xl UP is the xl gain unipolar offset correction factor. xlBP is the xl gain bipolar offset correction factor. x2u-r is the x2 gain unipolar offset correction factor. x2BP is the x2 gain bipolar offset correction factor. x5ur is the x5 gain unipolar offset correction factor. x5BP is the x5 gain bipolar offset correction factor. x1oul? is the x10 gain unipolar offset correction factor. xlOBP is the xl0 gain bipolar offset correction factor.

Page 94

Programming

Examples

SYST :CAL XXXXX;

SYSTCAL;

SYST CAL ?;

READ DATA PNNT DATA

AMMCALXXXXX 0.994322 -13.107200 6.553600

0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.019200

0.009000

‘Enter fac’torysupplied calibration constant ‘Issue calibrate command ‘Read cal. constant from 576

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Page 95

SYST :CLOCK

Set, read, or disable clock

Purpose

Format

Parameters

The CLOCK function allows the user to set and read the Real Time Clock.The Real Time Clock should be set before using any command which makes use of the clock.

SYST CLOCK [format,] {[date,][time]}; SYST :CLOCK ?; SYST :CLOCK DISABLE;

format -

date

time

DISABLE - prolongs the life of the battery by disabling the oscillator for the real time

specifies the format of the date string. STD = MM/DD/YYYY or MM-DD-YYYY (default) EURO

- values for date information DD = day value between 1 and 31.

Yyyy MMM

- time is always in 24 hours format - HHMMSS

read the real time clock and return the data in the format: “date time”, using the last set format or the default format.

clock. Clock is enabled by issuing command with time and/or date.

= DD.MM.yyyY = DD-MMM-YYYY

= month value between 1 to = year between 1990 and 2089

= first characters of the month. (e.g. JAN, FEB, MAR, Al?R, MAY,

JUN, JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, DEC)

= hoursOto23 = minutes 0 to 59 = seconds 0 to 59

12.

Default

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

5-50

The default date format is STD, (MM/DD/YYYY)

1. All SYST commands are immediate.

The real tune clock will not be set unless the SYST :CLOCK command is issued.

3. See the READ command for more information on reading time and date to buffers.

4. See the SYST :STAMl? and BUFF DIM commands for information on using the real time clock for timestamping.

5. See the IF, WHILE, and SYST :TRIG commands for more information about triggering control off of the real time clock.

SYST :CLOCK, STD, 7/4/1990,0:0:0; SYST :CLOCK ?;

READ DATA PRlNT DATA

‘07/04/1990,00:00:10’

‘set clock to midnight, July 4,199O ’ read date, time ’ read 576 data ’ display it to console

’ 576

returned string

Page 96

SYST :EOI

Purpose

The EOI (END or IDENTIFY) byte of its data transfer sequence.

variable length data words to be transmittedThe 576 normally sends EOI during the last byte of its data string or status.

Enable/disable EOI

e on the GPIB bus is usually set low by a device during the last

lin

In this way the last byte is properly identified, allowing

Format

Parameters

Default

Programming

Notes

SYST :EOI option; SYST :EOI ?;

option - specifies whether EOI is enabled or disabled

ENABLE DISABLE

EOI enabled at power-up

1. All SYST commands are immediate.

returns the status of EOI usage in the form:

“ENABLE” or “DISABLE”

= enable the transmission of EOI = disable the transmission of EOI

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Page 97

SYST :ERR

Check error status

Purpose

Format

Programming

Notes

Retums system error in the form: “error string”

SYST :ERR ?;

SYST :ERR?

1. All SYST commands are immediate.

2. All system error messages are listed with explanation in the Appendix section.

3. See DEBUG command for information on using debugging tags.

4. If no errors are active, the string “No System Error” is returned.

- returns an ASCII string which gives a short explanation of the error.

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Page 98

SYST :FORM

Set data transmission format

Purpose

Format

Parameters

Programming

The FORM function allows the user to specify the format of the data being transmitted across the bus. Data can be transmitted in ASCII or binary. Ifit is transmitted in ASCII, there are two sections that may be put together to make up each data value. specifies whether the data is normal or an overflow condition and what engineering units are represented by the data, the second is the data value.

First there is a prefix which

SYST :FORM format; SYST :FORM ?;

format - data transfer format specifier, default is ASCN.

The following table summarizes the data formats: MOT0 ASCI

ASCN

All SYST commands are immediate.

1. Detailed information on data formats is included at the end of the command section (5).

- returns the current default system data transfer format in the form: “FORMAT format”

= Motorola binary format = Intel binary format = ASCII with prefix = ASCII without prefix

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Page 99

SYST :IDN

Get system revision and ID

Purpose

Format

Programming

Notes

The IDN? function returns the system ide+ification string in the form;

“Keithley Instruments Model 576, Rev xxx”.

where xxx is the firmware revision level.

SYST :IDN ?;

1. All SYST commands are immediate.

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Page 100

SYST :MEM

Report available memory

Purpose

Format

Programming

Notes

Programming

Examples

The SYST :MEM? command returns the size of the largest free block of data memory and the available program memory. The memory size is returned in bytes, in the form dargest available block of data memory>,<available program memory>.

SYST :MEM ?;

1. All SYST commands are immediate.

SYST :MEM ?; READ DATA

"MEMORY102400,l0240"

‘Ask for available memory

5-55

Keithley 576 Service and user manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual