Keithley 2500, 2502 User Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176

Phone 781-665-1400 Toll Free 1-800-517-8431

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Models 2500 and 2502 Photodiode Meter

User’s Manual

WARRANTY

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Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective. To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in

Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modiﬁcation without Keithley’s express written consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

Keithley Instruments, Inc.

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Models 2500 and 2502 Photodiode Meter

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176 TestEquipmentDepot.com

User’s Manual

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Third Printing, June 2002

Document Number: 2500-900-01 Rev. C

Manual Print History

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The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 2500-900-01)..............................................................August 2000

Revision B (Document Number 2500-900-01).................................................................April 2001

Revision C (Document Number 2500-900-01)..................................................................June 2002

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc. Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

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afety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualiﬁed personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before using the product. Refer to the manual for complete product speciﬁcations.

If the product is used in a manner not speciﬁed, the protection provided by the product may be impaired. The types of product users are:

Responsible body

ment is operated within its speciﬁcations and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators

instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel

voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel

trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures. Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Installation Category I and Installation Category II,

as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Installation Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test ﬁxtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS,

42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present.

circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts,

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input power disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting ca-

is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equip-

use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the

perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line

are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly

A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown

no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

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bles or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

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Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its speciﬁcations and operating instructions or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as deﬁned in the speciﬁcations and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test ﬁxture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against ﬁre hazard. Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections. If you are using a test ﬁxture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use

of a lid interlock.

If or is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The

WARNING

information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure. The

CAUTION

ranty. Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans. Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables. To maintain protection from electric shock and ﬁre, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer,

test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments ofﬁce for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated

heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the war-

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1 Getting Started

General information ................................................................... 1-2

Warranty information .......................................................... 1-2

Contact information ............................................................ 1-2

Manual addenda .................................................................. 1-2

Safety symbols and terms ................................................... 1-2

Inspection ............................................................................ 1-3

Options and accessories ...................................................... 1-3

Product overview ........................................................................ 1-5

Front and rear panel familiarization ........................................... 1-6

Front panel summary .......................................................... 1-6

Rear panel summary ........................................................... 1-8

Power-up .................................................................................. 1-10

Line voltage selection ....................................................... 1-10

Line power connection ...................................................... 1-10

Power-up sequence ........................................................... 1-11

System identiﬁcation ......................................................... 1-11

Line frequency setting ....................................................... 1-12

Fuse replacement .............................................................. 1-12

Display ..................................................................................... 1-13

Display format .................................................................. 1-13

CHANNEL SELECT key ................................................. 1-14

DISPLAY TOGGLE key ................................................... 1-14

Status and error messages ................................................. 1-14

Disabling front panel display ............................................ 1-14

Remote display programming ........................................... 1-15

Front panel tests ................................................................ 1-15

Default settings ......................................................................... 1-16

Saving and restoring user setups ....................................... 1-16

Power-on conﬁguration ..................................................... 1-16

Factory default settings ..................................................... 1-16

Remote setups ................................................................... 1-19

Manuals ........................................................................ 1-3

Triax cables and adapters ............................................. 1-3

Interface cables ............................................................ 1-4

Rack mount kits ........................................................... 1-4

Carrying case ............................................................... 1-4

Front panel line frequency ......................................... 1-12

Remote command line frequency .............................. 1-12

Front panel control ..................................................... 1-14

Saving setups ............................................................. 1-16

Restoring setups ......................................................... 1-16

Menus ....................................................................................... 1-20

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Main menu ......................................................................... 1-20

Rules to navigate menus .................................................... 1-23

Editing voltage bias values ................................................ 1-24

Conﬁguration menus ......................................................... 1-24

2 Connections

Connection precautions .............................................................. 2-2

INPUT and OUTPUT connectors .............................................. 2-2

Connector terminals .................................................................... 2-3

Triax INPUT connectors ..................................................... 2-3

OUTPUT connectors ........................................................... 2-3

Output enable .............................................................................. 2-4

Photodiode connections .............................................................. 2-4

Typical connections ............................................................. 2-4

Equivalent circuit ................................................................. 2-6

Connection considerations .................................................. 2-6

Ground connect mode connections ..................................... 2-7

Alternate connecting methods ................................................... 2-9

Current measurement connections ...................................... 2-9

Voltage source connections ............................................... 2-10

Analog output connections (Model 2502 only) ........................ 2-11

Analog output connector terminals ................................... 2-11

Non-isolated connections .................................................. 2-12

Isolated connections .......................................................... 2-13

Equivalent circuits ............................................................. 2-14

3 Basic Operation

Operation overview .................................................................... 3-2

Measurement and voltage bias capabilities ......................... 3-2

Ranges ................................................................................. 3-2

Compliance .......................................................................... 3-3

Basic circuit conﬁguration .................................................. 3-3

Operation considerations ............................................................ 3-4

Warm-up .............................................................................. 3-4

Auto zero ............................................................................. 3-4

Front panel auto zero .................................................... 3-4

Remote command auto zero ......................................... 3-4

Source delay ........................................................................ 3-5

Auto delay period ......................................................... 3-5

Output slew time .......................................................... 3-6

Manual delay ................................................................ 3-6

Front panel source delay .............................................. 3-7

Remote command source delay ................................... 3-7

Ground connect mode ......................................................... 3-8

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Front panel ground connect ......................................... 3-8

Remote command ground connect .............................. 3-8

Basic measurement procedure .................................................. 3-10

Output control ................................................................... 3-10

Basic measurement circuit conﬁguration .......................... 3-10

Front panel measurement procedure ................................. 3-11

Step 1. Select measurement channel and range. ........ 3-11

Step 2. Select source channel and set source level. ... 3-11

Step 3. Turn source outputs on. ................................. 3-12

Step 4. Observe readings on the display. ................... 3-12

Step 5. Turn source output off. .................................. 3-12

Remote command measurement procedure ...................... 3-12

Basic measurement and voltage source commands ... 3-12

Measurement programming example ........................ 3-13

Using the analog outputs (Model 2502 only) ........................... 3-14

4 Photodiode Measurements

Conﬁguring measurements ........................................................ 4-2

Measurement conﬁguration menu ....................................... 4-2

Conﬁguring measurements ................................................. 4-3

Optical power ...................................................................... 4-3

Front panel photodiode measurements ...................................... 4-4

Photodiode measurement circuit conﬁguration .................. 4-4

Front panel photodiode measurement procedure ................ 4-4

Step 1. Conﬁgure measurement functions. .................. 4-4

Step 2. Set bias voltage source values. ........................ 4-5

Step 3. Turn source outputs on. ................................... 4-5

Step 4. Observe readings on the display. ..................... 4-5

Step 5. Turn source outputs off. ................................... 4-5

Remote photodiode measurements ............................................ 4-5

Photodiode measurement commands .................................. 4-5

Photodiode measurement programming example ............... 4-7

5 Measurement Concepts

Source-delay-measure cycle ....................................................... 5-2

Overview ............................................................................. 5-2

Triggering ............................................................................ 5-2

Delay phase ......................................................................... 5-3

Measurement time ............................................................... 5-3

Sweep waveforms ...................................................................... 5-4

Staircase sweeps .................................................................. 5-4

Custom sweep ..................................................................... 5-4

SDM cycle during sweeps .................................................. 5-5

Typical sweep applications .................................................. 5-5

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Sweep data storage .............................................................. 5-5

Bias source operating boundaries ............................................... 5-6

Limit lines ........................................................................... 5-6

Loading effects .................................................................... 5-6

Data ﬂow ..................................................................................... 5-8

Basic readings ..................................................................... 5-8

Data storage enabled ........................................................... 5-8

Limit test enabled ................................................................ 5-8

6 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters

Range and digits ......................................................................... 6-2

Measurement range ............................................................. 6-2

Available ranges ........................................................... 6-2

Maximum readings ...................................................... 6-2

Manual ranging ............................................................ 6-2

Auto ranging ................................................................ 6-3

Auto range limits .......................................................... 6-3

Auto range operation with range limits ........................ 6-3

Digits ................................................................................... 6-4

Setting display resolution ............................................. 6-4

Remote range and digits programming ............................... 6-4

Range and digits programming example ...................... 6-5

Speed .......................................................................................... 6-5

Setting speed ....................................................................... 6-6

SPEED-ACCURACY MENU ..................................... 6-6

Remote speed programming ................................................ 6-7

Speed commands .......................................................... 6-7

Speed programming example ....................................... 6-7

Filters .......................................................................................... 6-7

Filter stages ......................................................................... 6-7

Repeat ﬁlter .................................................................. 6-8

Median ﬁlter ................................................................. 6-8

Moving ﬁlter ............................................................... 6-10

Filter conﬁguration ............................................................ 6-11

Filter control ...................................................................... 6-12

Remote ﬁlter programming ............................................... 6-13

Filter commands ......................................................... 6-13

Filter programming example ...................................... 6-14

7 Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta

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Relative ....................................................................................... 7-2

Front panel rel ..................................................................... 7-2

Enabling and disabling rel ........................................... 7-2

Deﬁning a rel value ...................................................... 7-2

Using REL in the dual-channel mode .......................... 7-3

Remote rel programming .................................................... 7-3

Rel commands ............................................................. 7-3

Rel programming example .......................................... 7-4

Measurement math functions ..................................................... 7-4

Math functions .................................................................... 7-4

I/V ................................................................................ 7-4

V/I ................................................................................ 7-5

MX + B ........................................................................ 7-5

Electrical power ........................................................... 7-5

Optical power ............................................................... 7-5

Front panel math functions ................................................. 7-6

Remote math functions ....................................................... 7-7

Math function programming example ................................ 7-8

RATIO and DELTA .................................................................... 7-8

RATIO functions ................................................................. 7-8

MSR1/MSR2 ............................................................... 7-8

MSR2/MSR1 ............................................................... 7-9

DELTA functions ................................................................ 7-9

MSR1-MSR2 ............................................................... 7-9

MSR2-MSR1 ............................................................... 7-9

Front panel RATIO and DELTA conﬁguration ................. 7-10

Remote RATIO and DELTA ............................................. 7-11

RATIO and DELTA function programming example ....... 7-12

8 Data Store

Data store overview .................................................................... 8-2

Front panel data store ................................................................. 8-2

Storing readings .................................................................. 8-2

Recalling readings ............................................................... 8-2

Buffer location number ................................................ 8-3

Timestamp ................................................................... 8-3

Displaying other buffer readings ................................. 8-3

Buffer statistics ................................................................... 8-4

Minimum and maximum ............................................. 8-4

Peak-to-peak ................................................................ 8-4

Average ........................................................................ 8-4

Standard deviation ....................................................... 8-4

Timestamp format ............................................................... 8-5

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Timestamp accuracy ............................................................ 8-5

Buffer considerations .......................................................... 8-5

Using :TRACe commands to store data ....................... 8-5

Using :READ? to store data ......................................... 8-6

Remote command data store ...................................................... 8-6

Data store commands .......................................................... 8-6

Data store programming example ....................................... 8-7

9 Sweep Operation

Sweep types ................................................................................ 9-2

Linear staircase sweep ......................................................... 9-2

Logarithmic staircase sweep ............................................... 9-3

Custom sweep ..................................................................... 9-4

Custom sweep examples .............................................. 9-5

Conﬁguring and running a sweep ............................................... 9-6

Front panel sweep operation ............................................... 9-6

Conﬁguring a sweep ..................................................... 9-6

Setting delay ................................................................. 9-7

Trigger count and sweep points ................................... 9-8

Performing sweeps .............................................................. 9-8

Performing a linear staircase sweep ............................. 9-8

Performing a log staircase sweep ................................. 9-9

Performing a custom sweep ....................................... 9-11

Remote sweep operation ................................................... 9-12

Staircase sweep commands ........................................ 9-12

Staircase sweep programming example ..................... 9-13

Custom sweep commands .......................................... 9-14

Custom sweep programming example ....................... 9-15

10 Triggering

Trigger model (front panel operation) ...................................... 10-2

Idle ..................................................................................... 10-2

Event detection .................................................................. 10-4

Arm layer ................................................................... 10-4

Trigger layer ............................................................... 10-5

Trigger delay ..................................................................... 10-5

Source, delay, and measure actions ................................... 10-5

Counters ............................................................................ 10-6

Output triggers ................................................................... 10-6

Bench defaults ................................................................... 10-7

Operation summary ........................................................... 10-7

Trigger link ............................................................................... 10-8

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Input trigger requirements ................................................. 10-8

Output trigger speciﬁcations ............................................. 10-9

External triggering example .............................................. 10-9

Model 2500 setup .................................................... 10-11

Switching mainframe setup ..................................... 10-12

Operation ................................................................. 10-12

Conﬁguring triggering ............................................................ 10-14

CONFIGURE TRIGGER menu ..................................... 10-14

Remote triggering .................................................................. 10-17

Trigger model (remote operation) ................................... 10-17

Idle and initiate ............................................................... 10-17

Event detection ................................................................ 10-19

Arm layer ........................................................................ 10-19

Trigger layer .................................................................... 10-20

Trigger delay ................................................................... 10-21

Source, delay, and measure actions ................................. 10-21

Counters .......................................................................... 10-22

Output triggers ................................................................ 10-22

GPIB defaults .................................................................. 10-23

Operation summary ......................................................... 10-23

Remote trigger commands .............................................. 10-24

Remote trigger example .................................................. 10-25

11 Limit Testing

Types of limits .......................................................................... 11-2

Pass/fail information ......................................................... 11-2

Data ﬂow ........................................................................... 11-3

Limit test feeds .................................................................. 11-3

Limit 1 and 2 tests (compliance) ....................................... 11-3

Limit 3 to 6 tests ............................................................... 11-3

Limit test modes ................................................................ 11-3

Binning .............................................................................. 11-4

Operation overview .................................................................. 11-4

Grading mode .................................................................... 11-4

Binning control .......................................................... 11-6

Pass condition ............................................................ 11-7

Fail condition ............................................................. 11-7

Sorting mode ..................................................................... 11-8

Binning ...................................................................... 11-8

Binning systems ...................................................................... 11-10

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Handler interface ............................................................. 11-10

Digital I/O connector ............................................... 11-10

Digital output lines ................................................... 11-10

SOT line ................................................................... 11-11

/OE line .................................................................... 11-11

Handler types ................................................................... 11-11

Category pulse component handler .......................... 11-11

Category register component handler ...................... 11-12

Basic binning systems ..................................................... 11-12

Single-element device binning ........................................ 11-12

Multiple-element device binning ..................................... 11-14

Digital output clear pattern ..................................................... 11-14

Enabling auto-clear .................................................. 11-14

Auto-clear timing ............................................................ 11-15

Conﬁguring and performing limit tests .................................. 11-16

Conﬁguring limit tests ..................................................... 11-16

Performing limit tests ...................................................... 11-18

Step 1. Conﬁgure test system. .................................. 11-18

Step 2. Conﬁgure bias source and measure

functions. ............................................................. 11-18

Step 3. Conﬁgure limit tests. .................................... 11-19

Step 4. Turn output on. ............................................. 11-19

Step 5. Start testing process. .................................... 11-19

Step 6. Stop testing process. ..................................... 11-19

Remote limit testing ............................................................... 11-20

Limit commands .............................................................. 11-20

Limit test programming example .................................... 11-21

12 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, and Output Conﬁguration

Digital I/O port ......................................................................... 12-2

Port conﬁguration .............................................................. 12-2

Digital output lines ..................................................... 12-3

SOT line ..................................................................... 12-3

EOT/BUSY line ......................................................... 12-3

+5V output ................................................................. 12-3

Digital output conﬁguration .............................................. 12-4

Sink operation ............................................................ 12-4

Source operation ........................................................ 12-5

Controlling digital output lines ......................................... 12-5

Front panel digital output control ............................... 12-5

Remote digital output control .................................... 12-6

Output enable ........................................................................... 12-6

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Front panel output conﬁguration .............................................. 12-8

Conﬁgure OUTPUT menu ................................................ 12-8

Remote output conﬁguration .................................................... 12-9

Output conﬁguration commands ....................................... 12-9

Output conﬁguration programming example .................. 12-10

13 Remote Operations

Differences: remote vs. local operation .................................... 13-2

Local-to-remote transition ................................................ 13-2

Remote-to-local transition ................................................ 13-2

Selecting an interface ............................................................... 13-2

GPIB operation ........................................................................ 13-3

GPIB standards ................................................................. 13-3

GPIB connections ............................................................. 13-4

Primary address ................................................................. 13-6

General bus commands ............................................................ 13-6

REN (remote enable) ........................................................ 13-7

IFC (interface clear) .......................................................... 13-7

LLO (local lockout) .......................................................... 13-7

GTL (go to local) .............................................................. 13-7

DCL (device clear) ............................................................ 13-8

SDC (selective device clear) ............................................. 13-8

GET (group execute trigger) ............................................. 13-8

SPE, SPD (serial polling) .................................................. 13-8

Front panel GPIB operation ..................................................... 13-9

Error and status messages ................................................. 13-9

GPIB status indicators ....................................................... 13-9

REM ........................................................................... 13-9

TALK ......................................................................... 13-9

LSTN ......................................................................... 13-9

SRQ .......................................................................... 13-10

LOCAL key .................................................................... 13-10

Programming syntax .............................................................. 13-10

Command words ............................................................. 13-10

Commands and command parameters ..................... 13-10

Query commands ............................................................ 13-12

Case sensitivity ............................................................... 13-13

Long-form and short-form versions ................................ 13-13

Short-form rules .............................................................. 13-13

Program messages ........................................................... 13-14

Single command messages ...................................... 13-14

Multiple command messages ................................... 13-14

Command path rules ................................................ 13-15

Using common and SCPI commands in the

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same message ....................................................... 13-15

Program message terminator (PMT) ........................ 13-15

Command execution rules ........................................ 13-15

Response messages ......................................................... 13-16

Sending a response message .................................... 13-16

Multiple response messages ..................................... 13-16

Response message terminator (RMT) ...................... 13-16

Message exchange protocol ............................................. 13-16

RS-232 interface operation ..................................................... 13-17

Sending and receiving data .............................................. 13-17

Baud rate ......................................................................... 13-17

Data bits and parity ......................................................... 13-17

Terminator ....................................................................... 13-18

Flow control (signal handshaking) .................................. 13-18

RS-232 connections ......................................................... 13-18

Error messages ................................................................ 13-19

Programming example .................................................... 13-20

14 Status Structure

Overview .................................................................................. 14-2

Status byte and SRQ .......................................................... 14-2

Status register sets ............................................................. 14-2

Queues ............................................................................... 14-2

Clearing registers and queues ................................................... 14-4

Programming and reading registers .......................................... 14-5

Programming enable registers ........................................... 14-5

Reading registers ............................................................... 14-6

Status byte and service request (SRQ) ..................................... 14-7

Status byte register ............................................................ 14-8

Service request enable register .......................................... 14-9

Serial polling and SRQ ...................................................... 14-9

SPE, SPD (serial polling) ........................................... 14-9

Status byte and service request commands ..................... 14-10

Programming example - set MSS (B6) when

error occurs .......................................................... 14-10

Status register sets .................................................................. 14-11

Standard event register ............................................. 14-11

Operation event register ........................................... 14-13

Measurement event register ...................................... 14-14

Questionable event register ...................................... 14-16

Condition registers .......................................................... 14-17

Event registers ................................................................. 14-17

Event enable registers ..................................................... 14-18

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Programming example - program and read

Queues .................................................................................... 14-19

Output queue ................................................................... 14-19

Error queue ...................................................................... 14-20

Programming example - read error queue ............... 14-21

15 Common Commands

Command summary ................................................................. 15-2

Command reference ................................................................. 15-3

*IDN? — identiﬁcation query .......................................... 15-3

*OPC — operation complete ............................................ 15-3

*OPC? — operation complete query ................................ 15-3

*OPC programming example .................................... 15-4

*OPT? — option query ..................................................... 15-4

*SAV <NRf> — save ........................................................ 15-4

*RCL <NRf> — recall ..................................................... 15-4

*SAV, *RCL programming example ......................... 15-5

*RST — reset .................................................................... 15-5

*TRG — trigger ................................................................ 15-5

*TRG programming example .................................... 15-6

*TST? — self-test query ................................................... 15-6

*WAI — wait-to-continue ................................................. 15-6

16 SCPI Signal-Oriented Measurement Commands

Command summary ................................................................. 16-2

Conﬁguring measurement function .......................................... 16-2

CONFigure:CURRent[:DC] ............................................. 16-2

Acquiring readings ................................................................... 16-3

FETCh? ............................................................................. 16-3

DATA[:LATest]? ............................................................... 16-4

READ? .............................................................................. 16-4

MEASure[:CURRent[:DC]]? ............................................ 16-5

17 SCPI Command Reference

Reference tables ....................................................................... 17-2

Calculate subsystems ............................................................. 17-22

CALCulate[1] and CALCulate2 ............................................ 17-23

Select math function ....................................................... 17-23

FORMat <name> ..................................................... 17-23

Set MX + B parameters ................................................... 17-24

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MBFactor <n> .......................................................... 17-24

MMFactor <n> ......................................................... 17-24

MUNits <name> ...................................................... 17-24

Set optical power parameters .......................................... 17-25

DC<n> ...................................................................... 17-25

RESP<n> .................................................................. 17-25

Enable and read math function result .............................. 17-26

STATe ................................................................ 17-26

DATA? ...................................................................... 17-26

LATest? .................................................................... 17-26

CALCulate3 and CALCulate4 ............................................... 17-27

Select input path .............................................................. 17-27

FEED <name> .......................................................... 17-27

Set or acquire relative value ............................................ 17-28

OFFSet <n> .............................................................. 17-28

ACQuire ................................................................... 17-28

Enable and read relative result ........................................ 17-28

STATe ................................................................ 17-28

DATA? ...................................................................... 17-28

CALCulate5 ............................................................................ 17-29

Select RATIO calculation mode ...................................... 17-29

FORMat <name> ..................................................... 17-29

Enable and read RATIO result ........................................ 17-29

STATe ................................................................ 17-29

DATA? ...................................................................... 17-29

CALCulate6 ............................................................................ 17-30

Select DELTA calculation mode ..................................... 17-30

FORMat <name> ..................................................... 17-30

Enable and read DELTA result ........................................ 17-30

STATe ................................................................ 17-30

DATA? ...................................................................... 17-30

CALCulate7 ............................................................................ 17-31

Select input path .............................................................. 17-31

FEED <name> .......................................................... 17-31

Read limits data ............................................................... 17-32

DATA? ...................................................................... 17-32

LATest? .................................................................... 17-32

Conﬁgure and control limit tests ..................................... 17-32

COMPliance:FAIL <name> ..................................... 17-32

[:DATA] <n> ............................................................ 17-32

SOURce3 <NRf> | <NDN> ..................................... 17-33

PASS:SOURce3 <NRf> | NDN ............................... 17-35

STATe ................................................................ 17-35

FAIL? ....................................................................... 17-36

Composite testing ............................................................ 17-36

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PASS:SOURce3 <NRf> | NDN ............................... 17-36

FAIL:SOURce3 <NRf> | <NDN> ........................... 17-37

BCONtrol <name> .................................................. 17-37

MODE <name> ....................................................... 17-38

Clear test results .............................................................. 17-38

[:IMMediate] ............................................................ 17-38

AUTO ............................................................... 17-38

CALCulate8 ........................................................................... 17-39

Select statistic .................................................................. 17-39

FORMat <name> ..................................................... 17-39

Acquire statistic .............................................................. 17-39

DATA? ..................................................................... 17-39

DISPlay subsystem ................................................................ 17-40

Control display ................................................................ 17-40

DIGits <n> ............................................................... 17-40

ENABle ............................................................ 17-40

MODE <name> ....................................................... 17-41

ATTRibutes? ............................................................ 17-41

Read display .................................................................... 17-42

DATA? ..................................................................... 17-42

Deﬁne :TEXT messages ................................................. 17-42

DATA <a> ................................................................ 17-42

STATe ............................................................... 17-43

FORMat subsystem ................................................................ 17-43

Data format ..................................................................... 17-43

[:DATA] <type>[,length] ......................................... 17-43

Data elements .................................................................. 17-46

ELEMents <item list> ............................................. 17-46

SOURce3 <name> ................................................... 17-49

CALC data elements ....................................................... 17-49

CALCulate <item list> ............................................ 17-49

TRACe data elements ..................................................... 17-50

TRACe <item list> ................................................... 17-50

Byte order ........................................................................ 17-51

BORDer <name> ..................................................... 17-51

Status register format ...................................................... 17-51

SREGister <name> .................................................. 17-51

OUTPut subsystem ................................................................ 17-52

Turn source on or off ....................................................... 17-52

[:STATe] ........................................................... 17-52

Output enable control ...................................................... 17-53

ENABle[:STATe] .............................................. 17-53

TRIPped? ................................................................. 17-53

SENSe subsystem ................................................................... 17-54

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Select measurement range ............................................... 17-54

[:UPPer] <n> ............................................................ 17-54

Select auto range ............................................................. 17-55

AUTO ............................................................... 17-55

LLIMit <n> .............................................................. 17-55

ULIMit <n> .............................................................. 17-55

Set measurement speed ................................................... 17-56

NPLCycles <n> ........................................................ 17-56

Conﬁgure and control ﬁlters ............................................ 17-57

Average ﬁlter commands .......................................... 17-57

COUNt <n> .............................................................. 17-57

[:STATe] ............................................................ 17-57

TCONtrol <name> ................................................... 17-58

ADVanced:NTOLerance <n> ................................... 17-58

ADVanced[:STATe] .......................................... 17-58

Median ﬁlter commands ........................................... 17-59

MEDian:RANK <NRf> ........................................... 17-59

MEDian[:STATe] .............................................. 17-59

SOURce subsystem ................................................................ 17-60

SOURce[1] and SOURce2 .............................................. 17-60

Control source output on-off ........................................... 17-60

[:IMMediate] ............................................................ 17-60

MODE <name> ........................................................ 17-60

Select sourcing mode ...................................................... 17-61

MODE <name> ........................................................ 17-61

Select range ..................................................................... 17-61

RANGe <n> ............................................................. 17-61

AUTO ............................................................... 17-62

Set amplitude for ﬁxed source ......................................... 17-63

[:IMMediate][:AMPLitude] <n> .............................. 17-63

TRIGgered[:AMPLitude] <n> ................................. 17-64

Set delay .......................................................................... 17-65

DELay <n> ............................................................... 17-65

AUTO ............................................................... 17-65

Select ground connect mode ........................................... 17-66

GCONnect ........................................................ 17-66

Conﬁgure sweeps ............................................................ 17-66

RANGing <name> ................................................... 17-66

SPACing <name> ..................................................... 17-67

STARt <n> ................................................................ 17-67

STOP <n> ................................................................ 17-67

CENTer <n>.............................................................. 17-68

SPAN <n> ................................................................ 17-68

STEP <n> ................................................................ 17-69

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POINts <n> .............................................................. 17-70

DIRection <name> .................................................. 17-71

Conﬁgure list ................................................................... 17-71

VOLTage <NRf list> ................................................ 17-71

APPend <NRf list> .................................................. 17-72

POINts? .................................................................... 17-72

Sweep and list program examples ................................... 17-72

Linear voltage sweep ............................................... 17-72

List sweep ................................................................ 17-72

Logarithmic sweep ................................................... 17-73

SOURce3 ........................................................................ 17-74

Setting digital output ....................................................... 17-74

[:LEVel] <NRf> | <NDN> ....................................... 17-74

ACTual? ................................................................... 17-75

MODE <name> ....................................................... 17-75

BSTate .............................................................. 17-76

BSIZe <n> ............................................................... 17-76

Clearing digital output .................................................... 17-76

[:IMMediate] ............................................................ 17-76

AUTO ............................................................... 17-76

DELay <n> .............................................................. 17-77

STATus subsystem ................................................................. 17-78

Read event registers ........................................................ 17-78

[:EVENt]? ................................................................ 17-78

Program event enable registers ....................................... 17-78

ENABle <NDN> or <NRf> ..................................... 17-78

Read condition registers .................................................. 17-79

CONDition? ............................................................. 17-79

Select default conditions ................................................. 17-79

PRESet ..................................................................... 17-79

Error queue ...................................................................... 17-79

[:NEXT]? ................................................................. 17-79

CLEar ....................................................................... 17-79

ENABle <list> ......................................................... 17-80

DISable <list> .......................................................... 17-80

SYSTem subsystem ................................................................ 17-81

Default conditions ........................................................... 17-81

PRESet ..................................................................... 17-81

POSetup ................................................................... 17-81

Control auto zero ............................................................. 17-82

STATe <name> ........................................................ 17-82

Select power line frequency setting ................................ 17-82

LFRequency <freq> ................................................. 17-82

Error queue ...................................................................... 17-82

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[:NEXT]? ................................................................. 17-82

ALL? ........................................................................ 17-83

COUNt? ................................................................... 17-83

CODE[:NEXT]? ....................................................... 17-83

CODE:ALL? ............................................................ 17-83

CLEar ....................................................................... 17-83

Simulate key presses ....................................................... 17-84

KEY ......................................................................... 17-84

Read version of SCPI standard ........................................ 17-85

VERSion? ................................................................. 17-85

RS-232 interface .............................................................. 17-85

LOCal ....................................................................... 17-85

REMote .................................................................... 17-85

RWLock ................................................................... 17-86

Reset timestamp .............................................................. 17-86

RESet ....................................................................... 17-86

TRACe subsystem .................................................................. 17-87

Read and clear buffer ....................................................... 17-87

DATA? ...................................................................... 17-87

CLEar ....................................................................... 17-87

Conﬁgure and control buffer ........................................... 17-88

FREE? ...................................................................... 17-88

POINts <n> .............................................................. 17-88

ACTual? ................................................................... 17-88

CONTrol <name> .................................................... 17-89

Select timestamp format .................................................. 17-89

FORMat <name> ..................................................... 17-89

Trigger subsystem ................................................................... 17-90

Initiate source/measure cycle .......................................... 17-90

INITiate ................................................................... 17-90

Abort source/measure cycle ............................................ 17-90

ABORt ..................................................................... 17-90

Program trigger model .................................................... 17-91

COUNt <n> .............................................................. 17-91

DELay <n> ............................................................... 17-92

SOURce <name> ..................................................... 17-92

TIMer <n> ................................................................ 17-93

DIRection <name> ................................................... 17-93

INPut <event list> .................................................... 17-94

ILINe <NRf> ............................................................ 17-95

OLINe <NRf> .......................................................... 17-95

OUTPut <event list> ................................................ 17-96

A Speciﬁcations

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B Status and Error Messages

Introduction ............................................................................... B-2

Status and error messages ......................................................... B-2

Eliminating common SCPI errors ............................................. B-8

-113, Undeﬁned header ............................................... B-8

-420, Query UNTERMINATED ................................. B-9

C Data Flow

Introduction ............................................................................... C-2

SENS1 and SENS2 ............................................................ C-3

INIT ............................................................................ C-3

FETCh? ....................................................................... C-3

READ? ........................................................................ C-3

CALCulate[1]:DATA? and CALCulate2:DATA? .............. C-4

CALCulate3:DATA? and CALCulate4:DATA? ................. C-4

CALCulate5:DATA? and CALCulate6:DATA? ................. C-4

CALCulate7:DATA? .......................................................... C-4

TRACe:DATA? .................................................................. C-4

CALCulate8:DATA? .......................................................... C-4

D IEEE-488 Bus Overview

Introduction ............................................................................... D-2

Bus description .......................................................................... D-3

Bus lines .................................................................................... D-5

Data lines ........................................................................... D-5

Bus management lines ....................................................... D-5

Handshake lines ................................................................. D-5

Bus commands .......................................................................... D-7

Uniline commands ............................................................. D-8

Universal multiline commands .......................................... D-8

Addressed multiline commands ......................................... D-9

Address commands ............................................................ D-9

Unaddress commands ........................................................ D-9

Common commands ........................................................ D-10

SCPI commands ............................................................... D-10

Command codes ............................................................... D-10

Typical command sequences ............................................ D-12

IEEE command groups .................................................... D-13

Interface function codes .......................................................... D-14

E IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information

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Introduction ............................................................................... E-2

F Measurement Considerations

Low current measurements ........................................................ F-2

Leakage currents ................................................................ F-2

Noise and source impedance .............................................. F-2

DUT resistance ............................................................ F-2

Source capacitance ...................................................... F-3

Generated currents .............................................................. F-4

Offset currents ............................................................. F-4

Electrochemical effects ............................................... F-5

Humidity ..................................................................... F-5

Triboelectric effects ..................................................... F-5

Piezoelectric and stored charge effects ....................... F-5

Dielectric absorption ................................................... F-6

Voltage burden .................................................................... F-6

General measurement considerations ........................................ F-7

Ground loops ...................................................................... F-7

Light ................................................................................... F-8

Electrostatic interference .................................................... F-9

Magnetic ﬁelds ................................................................. F-10

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) ................................ F-10

G GPIB 488.1 Protocol

Introduction ............................................................................... G-2

Selecting the 488.1 protocol ...................................................... G-2

Protocol differences ................................................................... G-3

Message exchange protocol (MEP) .................................... G-3

Using SCPI-based programs .............................................. G-3

Bus hold-off ........................................................................ G-4

Trigger-on-talk ................................................................... G-4

Message available ............................................................... G-4

General operation notes ...................................................... G-4

H Example Programs

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Introduction ............................................................................... H-2

Hardware requirements ...................................................... H-2

Software requirements ....................................................... H-2

General program instructions ............................................. H-2

Basic measurement program ..................................................... H-3

Photodiode measurement program ............................................ H-4

Data store program .................................................................... H-5

Linear sweep program ............................................................... H-6

Limit test program ..................................................................... H-7

List of Illustrations

Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176 TestEquipmentDepot.com

1 Getting Started

Figure 1-1 Front panel ............................................................................. 1-6

Figure 1-2 Model 2500 rear panel ........................................................... 1-8

Figure 1-3 Model 2502 rear panel ........................................................... 1-9

Figure 1-4 Main menu tree .................................................................... 1-22

2 Connections

Figure 2-1 Model 2500 rear panel showing INPUT and

OUTPUT connectors ......................................................... 2-2

Figure 2-2 INPUT connector terminals ................................................... 2-3

Figure 2-3 Typical photodiode connections ............................................ 2-5

Figure 2-4 Equivalent circuit of photodiode test connections ................. 2-6

Figure 2-5 Test connections using ground connect mode ....................... 2-7

Figure 2-6 Ground connect mode equivalent circuit ............................... 2-8

Figure 2-7 Stand-alone current measurement connections ...................... 2-9

Figure 2-8 Stand-alone voltage source connections .............................. 2-10

Figure 2-9 Analog output connector terminals ...................................... 2-11

Figure 2-10 Non-isolated analog output connections .............................. 2-12

Figure 2-11 Isolated analog output connections ...................................... 2-13

Figure 2-12 Analog output equivalent circuit with ground

connect disabled .............................................................. 2-14

Figure 2-13 Analog output equivalent circuit with ground

connect enabled ............................................................... 2-15

3 Basic Operation

Figure 3-1 Basic circuit conﬁguration ..................................................... 3-3

Figure 3-2 Output slew time .................................................................... 3-6

Figure 3-3 Ground connect enabled ........................................................ 3-9

Figure 3-4 Ground connect disabled ....................................................... 3-9

Figure 3-5 Circuit conﬁguration for basic measurements ..................... 3-10

4 Photodiode Measurements

Figure 4-1 Measurement conﬁguration menu tree .................................. 4-2

Figure 4-2 Circuit conﬁguration for photodiode measurements ............. 4-4

5 Measurement Concepts

Figure 5-1 Source-delay-measure (SDM) cycle ...................................... 5-2

Figure 5-2 Simpliﬁed trigger model ........................................................ 5-3

Figure 5-3 Basic sweep waveform types ................................................. 5-4

Figure 5-4 Bias source limit lines ............................................................ 5-6

Figure 5-5 Loading effects ....................................................................... 5-7

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Figure 5-6 Data ﬂow front panel .............................................................. 5-9

Figure 5-7 CALC block data ﬂow .......................................................... 5-10

6 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters

Figure 6-1 Speed conﬁguration menu tree ............................................... 6-6

Figure 6-2 2-stage ﬁltering ....................................................................... 6-7

Figure 6-3 Repeat ﬁlter (count 10) ........................................................... 6-8

Figure 6-4 Median ﬁlter (rank 5) ............................................................. 6-9

Figure 6-5 Moving ﬁlter (count 10) ....................................................... 6-10

Figure 6-6 Conﬁgure ﬁltering menu tree ............................................... 6-12

9 Sweep Operation

Figure 9-1 Linear staircase sweep ............................................................ 9-2

Figure 9-2 Logarithmic staircase sweep (example 5-point sweep

from 1 to 10 volts) .............................................................. 9-3

Figure 9-3 Custom pulse sweep ............................................................... 9-5

Figure 9-4 Custom sweep with different pulse widths ............................ 9-5

Figure 9-5 Sweep conﬁguration menu tree .............................................. 9-7

10 Triggering

Figure 10-1 Trigger model (front panel operation) .................................. 10-3

Figure 10-2 Rear panel pinout ................................................................. 10-8

Figure 10-3 Trigger link input pulse speciﬁcations ................................. 10-8

Figure 10-4 Trigger link output pulse speciﬁcations ............................... 10-9

Figure 10-5 DUT test system ................................................................... 10-9

Figure 10-6 Trigger link connections ..................................................... 10-10

Figure 10-7 Operation model for triggering example ............................ 10-13

Figure 10-8 Conﬁgure trigger menu tree ............................................... 10-16

Figure 10-9 Trigger model (remote operation) ...................................... 10-18

Figure 10-10 Measure action ................................................................... 10-21

11 Limit Testing

Figure 11-1 Limit tests ............................................................................. 11-2

Figure 11-2 Grading mode limit testing ................................................... 11-5

Figure 11-3 Immediate binning ............................................................... 11-6

Figure 11-4 End binning .......................................................................... 11-6

Figure 11-5 Sorting mode limit testing .................................................... 11-9

Figure 11-6 Handler interface connections ............................................ 11-10

Figure 11-7 Binning system—single element devices ........................... 11-13

Figure 11-8 Binning system—multiple element devices ....................... 11-13

Figure 11-9 Digital output auto-clear timing example ........................... 11-15

Figure 11-10 Limits conﬁguration menu tree .......................................... 11-18

12 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, and Output Conﬁguration

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Figure 12-1 Output Enable and digital I/O .............................................. 12-2

Figure 12-2 Sink operation ...................................................................... 12-4

Figure 12-3 Source operation .................................................................. 12-5

Figure 12-4 Using test ﬁxture output ....................................................... 12-7

Figure 12-5 Output conﬁguration menu tree ........................................... 12-8

13 Remote Operations

Figure 13-1 IEEE-488 connector ............................................................. 13-4

Figure 13-2 IEEE-488 connections ......................................................... 13-4

Figure 13-3 IEEE-488 and RS-232 connector location ........................... 13-5

Figure 13-4 RS-232 interface connector ............................................... 13-18

14 Status Structure

Figure 14-1 Model 2500 status register structure .................................... 14-3

Figure 14-2 16-bit status register ............................................................. 14-5

Figure 14-3 Status byte and service request (SRQ) ................................. 14-7

Figure 14-4 Standard event status .......................................................... 14-11

Figure 14-5 Operation event status ........................................................ 14-13

Figure 14-6 Measurement event status .................................................. 14-15

Figure 14-7 Questionable event status ................................................... 14-16

17 SCPI Command Reference

Figure 17-1 ASCII data format .............................................................. 17-44

Figure 17-2 IEEE-754 single precision data format (32 data bits) ........ 17-45

C Data Flow

Figure C-1 Data ﬂow block diagram ....................................................... C-2

D IEEE-488 Bus Overview

Figure D-1 IEEE-488 bus conﬁguration .................................................. D-4

Figure D-2 IEEE-488 handshake sequence ............................................. D-6

Figure D-3 Command codes .................................................................. D-11

F Measurement Considerations

Figure F-1 Voltage burden ....................................................................... F-6

Figure F-2 Power line ground loops ........................................................ F-7

Figure F-3 Eliminating ground loops ...................................................... F-8

List of Tables

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1 Getting Started

Table 1-1 Line fuses ............................................................................. 1-13

Table 1-2 Basic display commands ...................................................... 1-15

Table 1-3 Factory default settings ........................................................ 1-17

Table 1-4 Main menu ........................................................................... 1-20

Table 1-5 Measurement conﬁguration menus ...................................... 1-25

Table 1-6 Source conﬁguration menus ................................................. 1-26

Table 1-7 Rel, ﬁlter, and range conﬁguration menus ........................... 1-26

Table 1-8 Limit conﬁguration menu .................................................... 1-27

Table 1-9 Trigger conﬁguration menu ................................................. 1-28

Table 1-10 Sweep, digits, speed, and data store conﬁguration menus ... 1-29

Table 1-11 Output and display conﬁguration menus ............................. 1-30

3 Basic Operation

Table 3-1 Current measurement ranges ................................................. 3-2

Table 3-2 Voltage source ranges ............................................................ 3-2

Table 3-3 Auto source delay .................................................................. 3-5

Table 3-4 Source delay commands ........................................................ 3-7

Table 3-5 Ground connect commands ................................................... 3-8

Table 3-6 Basic measurement and voltage source commands ............. 3-13

Table 3-7 Basic measurement command sequence .............................. 3-14

Table 3-8 Analog output voltage examples .......................................... 3-14

4 Photodiode Measurements

Table 4-1 MSR1 and MSR2 conﬁguration menus ................................. 4-2

Table 4-2 Photodiode measurement commands ..................................... 4-6

Table 4-3 Basic measurement command sequence ................................ 4-8

6 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters

Table 6-1 Current measurement ranges ................................................. 6-2

Table 6-2 Range and digits commands .................................................. 6-4

Table 6-3 Range and digits programming example ............................... 6-5

Table 6-4 Speed commands ................................................................... 6-7

Table 6-5 Filter conﬁguration menu ..................................................... 6-12

Table 6-6 Filter commands .................................................................. 6-13

Table 6-7 Filter programming example ............................................... 6-14

7 Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta

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Table 7-1 Rel commands ........................................................................ 7-3

Table 7-2 Rel programming example ..................................................... 7-4

Table 7-3 Measurement function conﬁguration menu ........................... 7-6

Table 7-4 Math function commands ....................................................... 7-7

Table 7-5 Math function programming example .................................... 7-8

Table 7-6 RATIO and DELTA conﬁguration menus ............................ 7-10

Table 7-7 RATIO and DELTA function commands ............................. 7-11

Table 7-8 RATIO and DELTA programming example ......................... 7-12

8 Data Store

Table 8-1 Data store commands ............................................................. 8-6

Table 8-2 Data store example ................................................................. 8-7

9 Sweep Operation

Table 9-1 Logarithmic sweep points ...................................................... 9-4

Table 9-2 Linear and log staircase sweep commands .......................... 9-12

Table 9-3 Staircase sweep programming example (photodiode test) ... 9-13

Table 9-4 Custom sweep commands .................................................... 9-14

Table 9-5 Custom sweep programming example ................................. 9-15

10 Triggering

Table 10-1 Remote trigger command ................................................... 10-24

Table 10-2 Remote triggering example ................................................ 10-25

11 Limit Testing

Table 11-1 Limit commands ................................................................. 11-20

Table 11-2 Limits test programming example ...................................... 11-22

12 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, and Output Conﬁguration

Table 12-1 Digital output line settings ................................................... 12-6

Table 12-2 Output conﬁguration commands .......................................... 12-9

Table 12-3 Output conﬁguration programming example ..................... 12-10

13 Remote Operations

Table 13-1 General bus commands ........................................................ 13-6

Table 13-2 RS-232 connector pinout .................................................... 13-19

Table 13-3 PC serial port pinout ........................................................... 13-19

+ 398 hidden pages

Keithley 2500, 2502 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Tables