Keithley 2430 Service Manual

Model 2430

1kW Pulse SourceMeter

Service Manual

®

Contains Calibrating and Servicing Information

W ARRANTY

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a
period of 1 year from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables,
rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defec­tive.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in
Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation
prepaid, to the indicated service facility . Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid.
Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

LIMIT A TION OF W ARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express written
consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-recharge­able batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instruc­tions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUD­ING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE.
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT , INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF
THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS
BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAM­AGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION,
LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY T O ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. • 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, OH 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: [phone] • http://www.k eithley.com

BELGIUM: Keithley Instruments B.V. Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02/363 00 40 • Fax: [phone]
CHINA: Keithley Instruments China Y uan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-62022886 • Fax: [phone]
FRANCE: Keithley Instruments Sarl B.P. 60 • 3, allée des Garays • 91122 Palaiseau Cédex • 01 64 53 20 20 • Fax: [phone]
GERMANY: Keithley Instruments GmbH Landsberger Strasse 65 • D-82110 Germering • 089/84 93 07-40 • Fax: [phone]
GREAT BRITAIN: Keithley Instruments Ltd The Minster • 58 Portman Road • Reading, Berkshire RG30 1EA • 0118-9 57 56 66 • Fax: [phone]
INDIA: Keithley Instruments GmbH Flat 2B, WILOCRISSA • 14, Rest House Crescent • Bangalore 560 001 • 91-80-509-1320/21 • Fax: [phone]
ITALY: Keithley Instruments s.r.l. Viale S. Gimignano, 38 • 20146 Milano • 02/48 30 30 08 • Fax: [phone]
NETHERLANDS: Keithley Instruments B.V. Postbus 559 • 4200 AN Gorinchem • 0183-635333 • Fax: [phone]
SWITZERLAND: Keithley Instruments SA Kriesbachstrasse 4 • 8600 Dübendorf • 01-821 94 44 • Fax: [phone]
TAIWAN: Keithley Instruments Taiwan 1 Fl. 85 Po Ai Street • Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. • 886-3572-9077• Fax: [phone]

10/99

Model 2430 1kW Pulse SourceMeter

Service Manual

®

©1998, Keithley Instruments, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Second Printing, June 2000

Document Number: 2430-902-01 Rev. B

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created
for this manual. The Revision Le vel letter increases alphabetically as the manual under goes sub­sequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change in­formation that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered
sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revi­sion of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision
includes a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 2430-902-01)........................................................December 1998

Revision B (Document Number 2430-902-01)................................................................. June 2000

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

Safety Precautions

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated in­strumentation. Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous
voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar
with the safety precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information carefully
before using the product.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for

ensuring that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring
that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures

and proper use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous
live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating, for example,

setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the
manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be
performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of prod-

ucts. Only properly trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable con-

nector jacks or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock haz­ard exists when voltage lev els greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present.

practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.

Users of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must en­sure that users are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, con­nections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product users in these circumstances must be
trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or
above 1000 volts,

As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multi­meter measuring circuits (e.g., Keithley Models 175A, 199, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010) are Installation
Category II. All other instruments’ signal terminals are Installation Category I and must not be connect­ed to mains.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with
impedance limited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting
sources to switching cards, install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power re­ceptacle. Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks be­fore each use.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is ap­plied to the circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any
capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching
cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

A good safety

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power
line (earth) ground. Alw ays make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface ca­pable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions
or the safety of the equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications
and operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth

ground connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation

requires the use of a lid interlock.

If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documen­tation.

!

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in
the manual.

The symbol on an instrument sho ws that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the com­bined effect of normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to av oid personal contact
with these voltages.

The

WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always

read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The

CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may

invalidate the warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the

power transformer, test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses,
with applicable national safety approvals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original
component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain ac­curacy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component,
call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument
only. Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Prod­ucts that consist of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a
computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contami­nated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.

Rev. 10/99

T able of Contents

1 Performance V erification

Introduction ................................................................................ 1-2

Verification test requirements ..................................................... 1-2

Environmental conditions ................................................... 1-2

Warm-up period .................................................................. 1-2

Line power .......................................................................... 1-3

Recommended test equipment ................................................... 1-3

1 Ω resistor characterization ................................................ 1-4

Verification limits ....................................................................... 1-4

Example limits calculation .................................................. 1-4

Resistance limits calculation ............................................... 1-4

Restoring factory defaults .......................................................... 1-5

Performing the verification test procedures ............................... 1-5

Test summary ...................................................................... 1-5

Test considerations .............................................................. 1-5

Setting the source range and output value .......................... 1-6

Setting the measurement range ........................................... 1-6

Compliance considerations ........................................................ 1-7

Compliance limits ............................................................... 1-7

Types of compliance ........................................................... 1-7

Maximum compliance values ............................................. 1-7

Determining compliance limit ............................................ 1-8

Taking the SourceMeter out of compliance ........................ 1-8

Output voltage accuracy ............................................................. 1-8

Voltage measurement accuracy .................................................. 1-9

Output current accuracy ........................................................... 1-10

Current measurement accuracy ................................................ 1-13

Resistance measurement accuracy ........................................... 1-14

2 Calibration

Introduction ................................................................................ 2-2

Environmental conditions .......................................................... 2-2

Temperature and relative humidity ..................................... 2-2

Warm-up period .................................................................. 2-2

Line power .......................................................................... 2-2

Calibration considerations .......................................................... 2-2

Calibration cycle ................................................................. 2-3

Recommended calibration equipment ................................. 2-3

1 Ω resistor characterization ................................................ 2-4

Unlocking calibration ................................................................. 2-4

Unlocking calibration from the front panel ........................ 2-4

Unlocking calibration by remote ........................................ 2-5

Changing the password ............................................................... 2-5

Changing the password from the front panel ...................... 2-6

Changing the password by remote ...................................... 2-6

Resetting the calibration password ............................................. 2-6

Viewing calibration dates and calibration count ......................... 2-7

Calibration errors ........................................................................ 2-7

Front panel error reporting .................................................. 2-7

Remote error reporting ........................................................ 2-7

Front panel calibration ................................................................ 2-7

Remote calibration .................................................................... 2-15

Remote calibration commands .......................................... 2-15

Recommended calibration parameters .............................. 2-16

Remote calibration procedure ........................................... 2-18

Single-range calibration ............................................................ 2-23

3 Routine Maintenance

Introduction ................................................................................ 3-2

Line fuse replacement ................................................................. 3-2

4 T roubleshooting

Introduction ................................................................................ 4-2

Safety considerations .................................................................. 4-2

Repair considerations ................................................................. 4-2

Power-on self-test ....................................................................... 4-3

Front panel tests .......................................................................... 4-3

KEYS test ............................................................................ 4-3

DISPLAY PATTERNS test ................................................. 4-3

CHAR SET test ................................................................... 4-4

Principles of operation ................................................................ 4-4

Overall block diagram ......................................................... 4-5

Analog circuits .................................................................... 4-6

Power supply ....................................................................... 4-7

Output stage ......................................................................... 4-7

A/D converter ...................................................................... 4-9

Active guard ........................................................................ 4-9

Digital circuitry ................................................................... 4-9

Display board circuit theory .............................................. 4-10

Troubleshooting ........................................................................ 4-11

Display board checks ........................................................ 4-11

Power supply checks ......................................................... 4-12

Digital circuitry checks ..................................................... 4-12

Analog circuitry checks ..................................................... 4-13

Battery replacement ................................................................. 4-13

Battery replacement precautions ....................................... 4-13

Battery replacement procedure ......................................... 4-14

No comm link error .................................................................. 4-14

5 Disassembly

Introduction ................................................................................ 5-2

Handling and cleaning ............................................................... 5-2

Handling PC boards ............................................................ 5-2

Solder repairs ...................................................................... 5-2

Static sensitive devices ............................................................... 5-3

Assembly drawings .................................................................... 5-3

Case cover removal .................................................................... 5-3

Analog board removal ................................................................ 5-4

Digital board removal ................................................................. 5-5

Front panel disassembly ............................................................. 5-6

Removing power components .................................................... 5-6

Power module removal ....................................................... 5-6

Instrument re-assembly .............................................................. 5-7

6 Replacement Parts

Introduction ................................................................................ 6-2

Parts lists .................................................................................... 6-2

Ordering information ................................................................. 6-2

Factory service ........................................................................... 6-2

Component layouts .................................................................... 6-2

A Specifications

Accuracy calculations ............................................................. A-11

Measurement accuracy ..................................................... A-11

Source accuracy ............................................................... A-11

B Command Reference

Introduction ............................................................................... B-2

Command summary .................................................................. B-2

Miscellaneous commands ......................................................... B-3

:CODE ................................................................................ B-3

:COUNT? ........................................................................... B-3

:LOCK ................................................................................ B-3

:SAVE ................................................................................ B-4

:DATE ................................................................................ B-4

:NDUE ............................................................................... B-5

:SENSE .............................................................................. B-5

:SOURCE ........................................................................... B-6

:DATA? .............................................................................. B-8

Detecting calibration errors ....................................................... B-8

Reading the error queue ..................................................... B-8

Error summary .................................................................... B-8

Status byte EAV (Error Available) bit ................................ B-9

Generating an SRQ on error ............................................... B-9

Detecting calibration step completion ..................................... B-10

Using the *OPC? query .................................................... B-10

Using the *OPC command ............................................... B-10

Generating an SRQ on calibration complete .................... B-11

C Calibration Programs

Introduction ............................................................................... C-2

Computer hardware requirements ............................................. C-2

Software requirements ............................................................... C-2

Calibration equipment ............................................................... C-2

General program instructions .................................................... C-2

Program C-1 Model 2430 calibration program .................. C-4

Requesting calibration constants ............................................... C-7

Program C-2 Requesting calibration constants .................. C-7

List of Illustrations

1 Performance V erification

Figure 1-1 Connections for voltage verification tests .................................. 1-9

Figure 1-2 Connections for 10µA to 1A range current verification tests .. 1-11

Figure 1-3 Connections for 3A range current verification tests ................. 1-12

Figure 1-4 Connections for resistance accuracy verification ..................... 1-15

2 Calibration

Figure 2-1 Voltage calibration test connections ........................................... 2-8

Figure 2-2 10µA to 1A range current calibration test connections ............ 2-11

Figure 2-3 3A range current calibration test connections .......................... 2-13

3 Routine Maintenance

Figure 3-1 Rear panel .................................................................................. 3-2

4 T roubleshooting

Figure 4-1 Overall block diagram ................................................................ 4-5

Figure 4-2 Analog circuitry block diagram ................................................. 4-6

Figure 4-3 Power supply block diagram ...................................................... 4-7

Figure 4-4 Output stage simplified schematic ............................................. 4-8

Figure 4-5 Digital circuitry block diagram ................................................ 4-10

List of T ables

1 Performance V erification

Table 1-1 Recommended verification equipment ....................................... 1-3

Table 1-2 Maximum compliance values ..................................................... 1-7

Table 1-3 Output voltage accuracy limits ................................................... 1-9

Table 1-4 Voltage measurement accuracy limits ...................................... 1-10

Table 1-5 Output current accuracy limits ................................................. 1-12

Table 1-6 Current measurement accuracy limits ...................................... 1-14

Table 1-7 Ohms measurement accuracy limits ......................................... 1-16

2 Calibration

Table 2-1 Recommended calibration equipment ........................................ 2-3

Table 2-2 Calibration unlocked states ......................................................... 2-5

Table 2-3 Front panel voltage calibration ................................................. 2-10

Table 2-4 Front panel current calibration ................................................. 2-14

Table 2-5 Remote calibration command summary ................................... 2-16

Table 2-6 Recommended :CALibration:PROTected:SENse

parameter ranges ........................................................ 2-17

Table 2-7 Recommended :CALibration:PROTected:SOURce

parameter ranges ........................................................ 2-17

Table 2-8 Voltage calibration initialization commands .............................2-19

Table 2-9 Voltage range calibration commands ........................................ 2-20

Table 2-10 Current calibration initialization commands ............................ 2-21

Table 2-11 Current range calibration commands ........................................ 2-22

3 Routine Maintenance

Table 3-1 Power line fuse ........................................................................... 3-3

4 T roubleshooting

Table 4-1 Display board checks ................................................................ 4-11

Table 4-2 Power supply checks ................................................................ 4-12

Table 4-3 Digital circuitry checks ............................................................. 4-12

Table 4-4 Analog circuitry checks ............................................................ 4-13

6 Replaceable Parts

Table 6-1 Analog board parts list ................................................................ 6-3

Table 6-2 Digital board parts list .............................................................. 6-13

Table 6-3 Display board parts list ............................................................. 6-19

Table 6-4 Pulse board parts list ................................................................. 6-20

Table 6-5 Mechanical parts list ................................................................. 6-21

1

Performance

V erification

1-2 Performance Verification

Introduction

Use the procedures in this section to verify that Model 2430 accuracy is within the limits stated

in the instrument’s one-year accurac y specifications. You can perform these verification procedures:

• When you first receiv e the instrument to make sure that it was not damaged during shipment.

• To verify that the unit meets factory specifications.

• To determine if calibration is required.

• Following calibration to make sure it was performed properly.

WARNING The information in this section is intended for qualified service personnel

only. Do not attempt these procedures unless you are qualified to do so.
Some of these procedures may expose you to hazardous voltages, which
could cause personal injury or death if contacted. Use standard safety pre­cautions when working with hazardous voltages.

NOTE If the instrument is still under warranty and its performance is outside specified limits, con-

tact your Keithle y r epr esentative or the factory to determine the correct course of action.

V erification test requirements

Be sure that you perform the verification tests:

• Under the proper environmental conditions.

• After the specified warm-up period.

• Using the correct line voltage.

• Using the proper test equipment.

• Using the specified output signals and reading limits.

Environmental conditions

Conduct your performance verification procedures in a test environment with:

• An ambient temperature of 18 to 28°C (65 to 82°F).

• A relative humidity of less than 70% unless otherwise noted.

W arm-up period

Allow the Model 2430 to warm up for at least one hour before conducting the verification

procedures.

If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (those outside the ranges stated
above), allow additional time for the instrument’s internal temperature to stabilize. T ypically , al­low one extra hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the specifi ed temperature range.

Also, allow the test equipment to warm up for the minimum time specified by the manuf acturer .

Line power

The Model 2430 requires a line voltage of 100 to 240V and a line frequency of 50 or 60Hz.

Verification tests must be performed within this range.

Recommended test equipment

T able 1-1 summarizes recommended verification equipment. You can use alternate equipment
as long as that equipment has specifications comparable to those listed in Table 1-1. Keep in mind,
however, that test equipment uncertainty will add to the uncertainty of each measurement. Gener­ally, test equipment uncertainty should be at least four times better than corresponding Model 2430
specifications. Table 1-1 lists the specifications of the recommended test equipment, including
maximum allowable uncertainty for alternate test equipment (shown in parentheses).

Performance Verification 1-3

Table 1-1

Recommended verification equipment

Description Manufacturer/Model Specifications

2

1

2

1V:
10V:
100V:

10 µ A:

µ A:

100
1mA:
10mA:
100mA:
1A:

1.9 Ω :

Ω :

19

Ω :

190

Ω :

1.9k

Ω :

19k

Ω :

190k

Ω :

1.9M

Ω :

19M

±5.6ppm
±4.3ppm
±6.3ppm

±25ppm
±23ppm
±20ppm
±20ppm
±35ppm
±110ppm

±65ppm (±460ppm)
±23ppm (±280ppm)
±10.5ppm (±230ppm)
±8ppm (±200ppm)
±7.5ppm (±195ppm)
±8.5ppm (±200ppm)
±11.5ppm (±180ppm)
±30ppm (±635ppm)

Digital Multimeter Hewlett Packard

HP3458A

Resistance Calibrator Fluke 5450A Resistance

3

Precision Resistor

1. 90-day, full-range accuracy specifications of ranges required for various measurement points.

2. 90-day, ±5°C specifications of nominal resistance values shown. Use actual values for tests. Maximum uncertainty of alter­nate test equipment shown in parentheses.

3. Required for verification of 3A current range. Characterize resistor to ±300ppm or better using recommended DMM
before verifying 3A current measurement range.

Isotec RUG-Z-1R00-0.1 1 Ω , ±0.1%, 100W

DC Voltage

DC Current

1 Ω

1-4 Performance Verification

resistor characterization

The recommended 1 Ω resistor should be characterized to ±300ppm or better before verifying
the 3A current measurement range. (You need not characterize the resistor if you are checking
only the 3A current source range.) Use the 4-wire ohms function of the DMM recommended in
T able 1-1 to measure the resistance v alue. Then use that measured v alue to calculate the current
during the 3A current measurement range test procedure.

V erification limits

The verification limits stated in this section have been calculated using only the Model 2430
one-year accuracy specifications, and they do not include test equipment uncertainty. If a partic­ular measurement falls outside the allowable range, recalculate ne w limits based on Model 2430
specifications and corresponding test equipment specifications.

Example limits calculation

As an example of how verification limits are calculated, assume you are testing the 20V DC
output range using a 20V output value. Using the Model 2430 20V range one-year accuracy
specification of ±(0.02% of output + 2.4mV offset), the calculated output limits are:

Output limits = 20V ± [(20V

Output limits = 20V ± (0.004 + 0.0024)

Output limits = 20V ± 0.0064V

Output limits = 19.9936V to 20.0064V

Resistance limits calculation

When verifying the resistance measurement accuracy, it will probably be necessary to recal­culate resistance limits based on the actual calibrator resistance values. You can calculate resis­tance reading limits in the same manner described above, b ut be sure to use the actual calibrator
resistance values and the Model 2430 normal accuracy specifications for your calculations.

As an example, assume you are testing the 20k
inal 19k
accuracy specifications of ±(0.063% of reading + 3

Ω calibrator resistor is 19.01k Ω . Using the Model 2430 20k Ω range one-year normal

Reading limits = 19.01k

Reading limits = 19.01k

Reading limits = 18.9950k Ω to 19.0250k Ω

Ω ± [(19.01k Ω × 0.063%) + 3 Ω ]
Ω ±15 Ω

× 0.02%) + 2.4mV]

Ω range, and that the actual value of the nom-

Ω ), the recalculated reading limits are:

Restoring factory defaults

Before performing the verification procedures, restore the instrument to its factory front panel

(bench) defaults as follows:

1. Press the MENU key. The instrument will display the following prompt:

MAIN MENU

SAVESETUP COMMUNICATION CAL

2. Select SAVESETUP, then press ENTER. The unit then displays:

SAVESETUP MENU

GLOBAL SOURCE-MEMORY

3. Select GLOBAL, then press ENTER. The unit then displays:

GLOBAL SETUP MENU

SAVE RESTORE POWERON RESET

4. Select RESET, then press ENTER. The unit displays:

RESET ORIGINAL DFLTS

BENCH GPIB

5. Select BENCH, then press ENTER to restore bench defaults.

Performance Verification 1-5

'

Performing the verification test procedures

T est summary

• DC voltage output accuracy

• DC voltage measurement accuracy

• DC current output accuracy

• DC current measurement accuracy

• Resistance measurement accuracy

If the Model 2430 is not within specifications and not under warranty , see the calibration pro-

cedures in Section 2 for information on calibrating the unit.

T est considerations

When performing the verification procedures:

• Be sure to restore factory front panel defaults as previously outlined.

• Make sure that the test equipment is properly warmed up and connected to the Model
2430 INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Also be sure that the front panel jacks are selected with
the TERMINALS key.

1-6 Performance Verification

• Make sure the Model 2430 is set to the correct source range (see below).

• Ensure that the Model 2430 output is turned on before making measurements.

• Ensure the test equipment is set up for the proper function and range.

• Allow the Model 2430 output signal to settle before making a measurement.

• Do not connect test equipment to the Model 2430 through a scanner, multiplexer, or
other switching equipment.

WARNING The maximum common-mode voltage (voltage between LO and chassis

ground) is 250V peak. Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown in
insulation, creating a shock hazard.

CAUTION

The maximum voltage between INPUT/OUTPUT HI and LO or 4-WIRE
SENSE HI and LO is 125V peak. The maximum voltage between INPUT/
OUTPUT HI and 4-WIRE SENSE HI or between INPUT/OUTPUT LO
and 4-WIRE SENSE LO is 5V. Exceeding these voltage values may result
in instrument damage.

Setting the source range and output value

Before testing each verification point, you must properly set the source range and output v al-

ue as outlined below.

1. Press either the SOURCE V or SOURCE I key to select the appropriate source function.

2. Press the EDIT ke y as required to select the source display field. Note that the cursor will
flash in the source field while its value is being edited.

3. W ith the cursor in the source display field flashing, set the source range to the lo west pos­sible range for the value to be sourced using the up or do wn RANGE ke y. For example,
you should use the 20V source range to output a 20V source value. With a 20V source
value and the 20V range selected, the source field display will appear as follows:

Vsrc:+20.0000 V

4. With the source field cursor flashing, set the source output to the required value using
either:

• The SOURCE adjustment and left and right arrow keys.

• The numeric keys.

5. Note that the source output value will be updated immediately; you need not press
ENTER when setting the source value.

Setting the measurement range

When simultaneously sourcing and measuring either voltage or current, the measure range is
coupled to the source range, and you cannot independently control the measure range. Thus, it
is not necessary for you to set the measure range when testing voltage or current measurement
accuracy.

Compliance considerations

Compliance limits

When sourcing voltage, you can set the SourceMeter to limit current from 10nA to 3.15A.
Conversely, when sourcing current, you can set the SourceMeter to limit voltage from 0.2mV to
105V. The SourceMeter output will not exceed the programmed compliance limit.

T ypes of compliance

There are two types of compliance that can occur: “real” and “range.” Depending on which
value is lower , the output will clamp at either the displayed compliance setting (“real”) or at the
maximum measurement range reading (“range”).

Performance Verification 1-7

The “real” compliance condition can occur when the compliance setting is less than the high­est possible reading of the measurement range. When in compliance, the source output clamps
at the displayed compliance value. For example, if the compliance voltage is set to 1V and the
measurement range is 2V, the output voltage will clamp (limit) at 1V.

“Range” compliance can occur when the compliance setting is higher than the possible read­ing of the selected measurement range. When in compliance, the source output clamps at the
maximum measurement range reading (not the compliance value). For example, if the compli­ance voltage is set to 1V and the measurement range is 200mV, the output voltage will clamp
(limit) at 210mV.

Maximum compliance values

The maximum compliance values for the measurement ranges are summarized in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2

Maximum compliance values

Measurement
range

200mV
2V
20V
100V

10

µ A

100

µ A

1mA
10mA
100mA
1A
3A

Maximum
compliance value

210mV

2.1V
21V
105V

10.5

µ A

105

µ A

1.05mA

10.5mA
105mA

1.05A

3.15A

1-8 Performance Verification

When the SourceMeter goes into compliance, the “Cmpl” label or the units label (i.e., “mA”)

for the compliance display will flash.

Determining compliance limit

The relationships to determine which compliance is in effect are summarized as follows.

They assume that the measurement function is the same as the compliance function.

• Compliance Setting < Measurement Range = Real Compliance

• Measurement Range < Compliance Setting = Range Compliance

You can determine the compliance that is in effect by comparing the displayed compliance
setting to the present measurement range. If the compliance setting is lower than the maximum
possible reading on the present measurement range, the compliance setting is the compliance
limit. If the compliance setting is higher than the measurement range, the maximum reading on
that measurement range is the compliance limit.

T aking the SourceMeter out of compliance

Verification measurements should not be made when the SourceMeter is in compliance. For
purposes of the verification tests, the SourceMeter can be taken out of compliance by going into
the edit mode and increasing the compliance limit.

NOTE Do not take the unit out of compliance by decreasing the sour ce value or changing the

range. Always use the recommended range and source settings when performing the
verification tests.

Output voltage accuracy

Follow the steps belo w to verify that Model 2430 output v oltage accurac y is within specified
limits. This test involves setting the output voltage to each full-range value and measuring the
voltages with a precision digital multimeter.

1. W ith the po wer off, connect the digital multimeter to the Model 2430 INPUT/OUTPUT
jacks, as shown in Figure 1-1.

2. Select the multimeter DC volts measuring function.

3. Press the Model 2430 SOURCE V key to source v oltage, and make sure the source out­put is turned on.

F

igure 1-1

Connections for voltage
verification tests

Performance Verification 1-9

4- WIRE

INPUT/

SENSE

OUTPUT

HI

125V

125V

5V
PEAK

PEAK

PEAK



Ω

230

FILTER

89

STORE

2430 1KW PULSE SourceMeter

SOURCE

FCTN

I

V

4

5

EDIT

TRIG

SWEEP

LIMIT

+/-

EXIT ENTER

RECALL

CONFIG MENU

MEAS

EDIT

V

I

DISPLAY

1

TOGGLE

LOCAL

REL

POWER

67

DIGITS SPEED

LO

250V
PEAK

!

RANGE
AUTO

TERMINALS

ON/OFF

FRONT/

RANGE

REAR

OUTPUT

Model 2430

Input HI

Input LO

Digital Multimeter

4. Verify output voltage accuracy for each of the voltages listed in Table 1-3. For each test
point:

• Select the correct source range.

• Set the Model 2430 output voltage to the indicated value.

• Verify that the multimeter reading is within the limits given in the table.

5. Repeat the procedure for negative output voltages with the same magnitudes as those
listed in Table 1-3.

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Be sure to
select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

Table 1-3

Output voltage accuracy limits

Model 2430
source range

200mV
2V
20V
100V

Model 2430 output
voltage setting

200.000mV

2.00000V

20.0000V

100.000V

Output voltage limits
(1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

199.360 to 200.640mV

1.99900 to 2.00100V

19.9936 to 20.0064V

99.968 to 100.032V

V oltage measurement accuracy

Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2430 voltage measurement accuracy is within
specified limits. The test inv olves setting the source v oltage to full-range values, as measured by
a precision digital multimeter, and then v erifying that the Model 2430 voltage readings are with­in required limits.

1. W ith the po wer off, connect the digital multimeter to the Model 2430 INPUT/OUTPUT
jacks, as shown in Figure 1-1.

1-10 Performance Verification

2. Select the multimeter DC volts function.

3. Set the Model 2430 to both source and measure v oltage by pressing the SOURCE V and
MEAS V keys, and make sure the source output is turned on.

4. Verify output voltage accuracy for each of the voltages listed in Table 1-4. For each test
point:

• Select the correct source range.

• Set the Model 2430 output voltage to the indicated value as measured by the digital

multimeter.

• Verify that the Model 2430 voltage reading is within the limits given in the table.

NOTE It may not be possible to set the voltage sour ce to the specified value . Use the closest

possible setting, and modify reading limits accordingly.

10 µ

5. Repeat the procedure for negative source voltages with the same magnitudes as those
listed in Table 1-4.

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Be sure to
select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

Table 1-4

Voltage measurement accuracy limits

Model 2430 source
and measure range

200mV
2V
20V
100V

1. Measure range coupled to source range when simultaneously sourcing and measuring voltage.

2. As measured by multimeter. Use closest possible value and modify reading limits accordingly.

1

Source voltage

200.000mV

2.00000V

20.0000V

100.000V

Output current accuracy

Follow the steps belo w to verify that Model 2430 output current accuracy is within specified
limits. The test involves setting the output current to each full-range value and measuring the
currents with a precision digital multimeter.

A to 1A range accuracy

2

Model 2430 voltage reading
limits (1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

199.676 to 200.324mV

1.99946 to 2.00054V

19.9960 to 20.0040V

99.982 to 100.018V

1. W ith the po wer off, connect the digital multimeter to the Model 2430 INPUT/OUTPUT
jacks, as shown in Figure 1-2.

F

igure 1-2

Connections for 10µA
to 1A range current
verification tests

Performance Verification 1-11

4- WIRE

INPUT/

SENSE

OUTPUT

HI

125V

125V

5V

PEAK

PEAK

PEAK



Ω

FILTER

STORE

FCTN

230

LIMIT

89

RECALL

V

4

TRIG

+/-

CONFIG MENU

SWEEP

2430 1KW PULSE SourceMeter

SOURCE

I

EDIT

5

EXIT ENTER

MEAS

EDIT

V

I

DISPLAY

1

TOGGLE

LOCAL

REL

POWER

67

DIGITS SPEED

LO

250V
PEAK

!

RANGE

AUTO

TERMINALS

ON/OFF

FRONT/

RANGE

REAR

OUTPUT

Model 2430

Input LO

Amps

Digital Multimeter

2. Select the multimeter DC current measuring function.

3. Press the Model 2430 SOURCE I ke y to source current, and make sure the source output
is turned on.

4. Verify output current accuracy for the 10

µ A-1A range currents listed in Table 1-5. For

each test point:

• Select the correct source range.

• Set the Model 2430 output current to the correct value.

• Verify that the multimeter reading is within the limits given in the table.

5. Repeat the procedure for negative output currents with the same magnitudes as those
listed in Table 1-5.

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Be sure to
select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

3A and 10A pulse range accuracy

NOTE Verification of the 3A range confirms 10A pulse range accuracy.

1. W ith the power of f, connect the digital multimeter and the 1 Ω resistor to the Model 2430
INPUT/OUTPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 1-3.

2. Select the multimeter DC volts measuring function.

3. Press the Model 2430 SOURCE I ke y to source current, and make sure the source output
is turned on.

1-12 Performance Verification

F

igure 1-3

Connections for
3A range current
verification tests

4- WIRE

INPUT/

SENSE

OUTPUT

HI

125V

125V

5V

PEAK

PEAK

PEAK



Ω

230

FILTER

89

STORE

2430 1KW PULSE SourceMeter

SOURCE

FCTN

I

V

4

5

EDIT

TRIG

SWEEP

LIMIT

+/-

EXIT ENTER

RECALL

CONFIG MENU

MEAS

EDIT

V

I

DISPLAY

1

TOGGLE

LOCAL

REL

POWER

67

DIGITS SPEED

LO

250V
PEAK

!

RANGE
AUTO

TERMINALS

ON/OFF

FRONT/

RANGE

REAR

OUTPUT

1Ω Resistor

Model 2430

Input HI

Input LO

Digital Multimeter

4. Verify output current accuracy for the 3A range. Be sure to:

• Select the 3A source range.

• Set the Model 2430 output current to the correct 3A output value.

• Verify that the multimeter reading is within the 3A range limits given in Table 1-5.

(Since the value of the 1Ω resistor value is assumed to be the same as its nominal
value, the DMM voltage reading is the same as the sourced current.)

5. Repeat the procedure for a negative 3A current output value.

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Be sure to
select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

Table 1-5

Output current accuracy limits

Model 2430
source range

10mA
100mA
1mA
10mA
100mA
1A

1

3A

1. See separate procedure for 3A range. DMM voltage reading is same as sourced current.

Model 2430
output current setting

10.0000mA

100.000mA

1.00000mA

10.0000mA

100.000mA

1.00000A

3.00000A

Output current limits
(1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

9.9947 to 10.0053mA

99.949 to 100.051mA

0.99946 to 1.00054mA

9.9935 to 10.0065mA

99.914 to 100.086mA

0.99893 to 1.00107A

2.99543 to 3.00457A

Current measurement accuracy

Follow the steps below to verify that Model 2430 current measurement accuracy is within
specified limits. The procedure inv olves applying accurate currents from the Model 2430 current
source and then verifying that Model 2430 current measurements are within required limits.

10µA to 1A range accuracy

1. W ith the po wer off, connect the digital multimeter to the Model 2430 INPUT/OUTPUT
jacks, as shown in Figure 1-2.

2. Select the multimeter DC current function.

3. Set the Model 2430 to both source and measure current by pressing the SOURCE I and
MEAS I keys, and make sure the source output is turned on.

4. Verify measure current accuracy for the 10µA-1A range currents listed in Table 1-6. For
each measurement:

• Select the correct source range.

• Set the Model 2430 source output to the correct v alue as measured by the digital mul-

timeter.

• Verify that the Model 2430 current reading is within the limits given in the table.

NOTE It may not be possible to set the current source to the specified value. Use the closest

possible setting, and modify reading limits accordingly.

Performance Verification 1-13

5. Repeat the procedure for neg ativ e calibrator currents with the same magnitudes as those
listed in Table 1-6.

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Be sure to
select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

3A and 10A pulse range accuracy

NOTE The 1Ω resistor should be characterized to within ±300ppm before verifying the 3A

current measur ement range. Use the 4-wir e ohms function of the DMM to measur e the
resistance value, and then use that measur ed value to calculate the curr ent during the
measurement procedure. Also note that verification of the 3A range confirms 10A
pulse range accuracy.

1. With the power off, connect the 1Ω resistor and digital multimeter to the Model 2430
INPUT/OUTPUT jacks, as shown in Figure 1-3.

2. Select the multimeter DC volts function.

3. Set the Model 2430 to both source and measure current by pressing the SOURCE I and
MEAS I keys, and make sure the source output is turned on.

4. Verify measurement current accuracy for the 3A range as follows:

• Select the 3A source range.

1-14 Performance Verification

• Set the Model 2430 source output to the correct 3A v alue as measured by the digital
multimeter.

• Note the DMM voltage reading, and then calculate the current from the v oltage read­ing and characterized 1Ω resistance value as I = V/R, where V is the DMM voltage
reading and R is the characterized resistance value.

• Verify that the Model 2430 current reading is within the 3A limits given in Table 1-6.

NOTE It may not be possible to set the current sour ce to the specified 3A value . Use the clos-

est possible setting, and modify reading limits accordingly.

5. Repeat the procedure for a negative 3A current.

6. Repeat the procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Be sure to select the
rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

Table 1-6

Current measurement accuracy limits

Model 2430 source
and measure range

10µA
100µA
1mA
10mA
100mA
1A
3A

1. Measure range coupled to source range when simultaneously sourcing and measuring current.

2. As measured by precision digital multimeter. Use closest possible value, and modify reading limits
accordingly if necessary.

3. Current calculated as follows: I = V/R, where V is the DMM voltage reading, and R is the character­ized value of the 1Ω resistor.

1

Source current

10.00000µA

100.000µA

1.00000mA

10.0000mA

100.000mA

1.00000A

3.00000A

Model 2430 current reading limits

2

(1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

9.9966 to 10.0034µA

99.969 to 100.031µA

0.99967 to 1.00033mA

9.9959 to 10.0041mA

99.939 to 100.061mA

0.99928 to 1.00072A

2.99673 to 3.00327A

Resistance measurement accuracy

Use the following steps to verify that Model 2430 resistance measurement accuracy is within
specified limits. This procedure involves applying accurate resistances from a resistance calibra­tor and then verifying that Model 2430 resistance measurements are within required limits.

3

Performance Verification 1-15

CAUTION Before testing the 2Ω and 20Ω ranges, make sure your resistance calibrator

can safely handle the default test currents for those ranges (see Model 2430
and calibrator specifications). If not, use the CONFIG OHMS menu to se­lect the MANUAL source mode, then set the source current to an appropri­ate safe value. When using the manual source mode, total resistance
reading uncertainty includes both Source I and Measure V uncertainty (see
specifications), and calculated reading limits should take the additional un­certainty into account.

If using the Fluke 5450A resistance calibrator, you cannot use the Auto
Ohms mode of the Model 2430 to verify the 2Ω range. The 1A test current
for the 2Ω range of the Model 2430 will damage the calibrator. On the Model
2430, use the CONFIG OHMS menu to select the MANUAL source mode,
and then set the source (test) current to 100mA.

1. With the power off, connect the resistance calibrator to the Model 2430 INPUT/
OUTPUT and 4-WIRE SENSE jacks, as shown in Figure 1-4. Be sure to use the 4-wire
connections as shown.

Figure 1-4

Connections for
resistance accuracy
verification

4- WIRE

INPUT/

SENSE

OUTPUT

HI

125V

125V

5V

PEAK

PEAK

PEAK



Ω

FILTER

STORE

FCTN

230

LIMIT

89

RECALL

V

4

TRIG

+/-

CONFIG MENU

SWEEP

2430 1KW PULSE SourceMeter

SOURCE

I

EDIT

5

EXIT ENTER

MEAS

EDIT

V

I

DISPLAY

1

TOGGLE

LOCAL

REL

POWER

67

DIGITS SPEED

LO

250V

PEAK

!

RANGE
AUTO

TERMINALS

ON/OFF

FRONT/

RANGE

REAR

OUTPUT

Model 2430

Output HI

Resistance Calibrator

Output LO

2. Select the resistance calibrator external sense mode.

Sense HI

Sense LO

1-16 Performance Verification

3. Configure the Model 2430 ohms function for the 4-wire sense mode as follows:

• Press CONFIG then MEAS Ω. The instrument will display the following:

CONFIG OHMS

SOURCE SENSE-MODE GUARD

• Select SENSE-MODE, then press ENTER. The following will be displayed:

SENSE-MODE

2-WIRE 4-WIRE

• Select 4-WIRE, then press ENTER.

• Press EXIT to return to normal display.

4. Press MEAS Ω to select the ohms measurement function, and mak e sure the source out-

put is turned on.

5. Verify ohms measurement accuracy for each of the resistance values listed in Table 1-7.
For each measurement:

• Set the resistance calibrator output to the nominal resistance or closest available

value.

NOTE It may not be possible to set the resistance calibrator to the specified value. Use the

closest possible setting, and modify reading limits accordingly.

• Select the appropriate ohms measurement range with the RANGE keys.

• Verify that the Model 2430 resistance reading is within the limits given in the table.

'

6. Repeat the entire procedure using the rear panel INPUT/OUTPUT and 4-WIRE SENSE
jacks. Be sure to select the rear panel jacks with the front panel TERMINALS key.

Table 1-7

Ohms measurement accuracy limits

Model 2430 resistance reading limits

Model 2430 range Calibrator resistance

2Ω
20Ω
200Ω
2kΩ
20kΩ
200kΩ
2MΩ
20MΩ

1. Nominal resistance values.

2. Reading limits based on Model 2430 normal accuracy specifications and nominal resistance values. If actual
resistance values differ from nominal values sho wn, recalculate reading limits using actual calibrator resistance
values and Model 2430 normal accuracy specifications. See Verification limits earlier in this section for details.

1.9Ω
19Ω
190Ω

1.9kΩ
19kΩ
190kΩ

1.9MΩ
19MΩ

1

(1 year, 18°C to 28°C)

1.89649 to 1.90351Ω

18.9784 to 19.0216Ω

189.824 to 190.176Ω

1.89845 to 1.90155kΩ

18.9850 to 19.0150kΩ

189.847 to 190.153kΩ

1.89861 to 1.90139MΩ

18.9517 to 19.0483MΩ

2

2

Calibration

2-2 Calibration

Introduction

Use the procedures in this section to calibrate the Model 2430. These procedures require accurate
test equipment to measure precise DC voltages and currents. Calibration can be performed either
from the front panel or by sending SCPI calibration commands over the IEEE-488 b us or RS-232
port with the aid of a computer.

WARNING The information in this section is intended for qualified service personnel

only. Do not attempt these procedures unless you are qualified to do so.
Some of these procedures may expose you to hazardous voltages.

Environmental conditions

T emperature and relative humidity

Conduct the calibration procedures at an ambient temperature of 18 to 28°C (65 to 82°F) with
relative humidity of less than 70% unless otherwise noted.

W arm-up period

Allow the Model 2430 to warm up for at least one hour before performing calibration.

If the instrument has been subjected to temperature extremes (those outside the ranges stated
above), allow additional time for the instrument’s internal temperature to stabilize. T ypically , al­low one extra hour to stabilize a unit that is 10°C (18°F) outside the specified temperature range.

Also, allow the test equipment to warm up for the minimum time specified by the manuf acturer .

Line power

Model 2430 requires a line voltage of 100 to 240V at line frequency of 50 or 60Hz. The in­strument must be calibrated while operating from a line voltage within this range.

Calibration considerations

When performing the calibration procedures:

• Ensure that the test equipment is properly warmed up and connected to the Model 2430
front panel INPUT/OUTPUT jacks. Also be certain that the front panel jacks are selected
with the TERMINALS switch.

• Always allow the source signal to settle before calibrating each point.

• Do not connect test equipment to the Model 2430 through a scanner or other switching
equipment.