Keithley 2420, 2400, 2440, 2410, 2401 User guide
moc.yelhtiek.www
Series 2400 SourceMeter
User’s Manual
2400S-900-01 Rev. K / September 2011
®
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2400 Series SourceMeter
User’s Manual
®
©2011, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Document Number: 2400S-900-01 Rev. K / September 2011
The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation.
Although some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are
situations where hazardous conditions may be present.
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety
precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance
information carefully before using the product. Refer to the user documentation for complete product specifications.
If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product warranty may be impaired.
The types of product users are:
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring
that the equipment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are
adequately trained.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper
use of the instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example,
setting the line voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the user
documentation. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be
performed only by service personnel.
Safety Precautions
04/09
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, perform safe installations, and repair products. Only properly
trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.
Keithley Instruments products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Measurement Category I
and Measurement Category II, as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC
60664. Most measurement, control, and data I/O signals are Measurement Category I and must not be directly
connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high transient over-voltages. Measurement Category II
connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with local AC mains connections.
Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sources unless
otherwise marked or described in the user documentation.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks
or test fixtures. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage
levels greater than 30V RMS, 42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous
voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.
Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that
operators are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be
exposed to potential human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect
themselves from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000V, no conductive part
!
of the circuit may be exposed.
Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedancelimited sources. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards,
install protective devices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.
Before operating an instrument, ensure that the line cord is connected to a properly-grounded power receptacle.
Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate
main input power disconnect device must be provided in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of
the operator.
For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the
circuit under test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before:
connecting or disconnecting cables or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes,
such as installing or removing jumpers.
Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line
(earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of
withstanding the voltage being measured.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions, or
the safety of the equipment may be impaired.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and
operating information, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with the same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground
connections.
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation
requires the use of a lid interlock.
If a screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.
The symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of danger. The user should refer to the operating instructions
located in the user documentation in all cases where the symbol is marked on the instrument.
The symbol on an instrument means caution, risk of danger. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal
contact with these voltages.
The symbol on an instrument shows that the surface may be hot. Avoid personal contact to prevent burns.
The symbol indicates a connection terminal to the equipment frame.
If this symbol is on a product, it indicates that mercury is present in the display lamp. Please note that the lamp
must be properly disposed of according to federal, state, and local laws.
The WARNING heading in the user documentation explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death.
Always read the associated information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading in the user documentation explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such
damage may invalidate the warranty.
Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits - including the power
transformer, test leads, and input jacks - must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses with
applicable national safety approvals may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are
not safety-related may be purchased from other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component
(note that selected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and
functionality of the product). If you are unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a Keithley
Instruments office for information.
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water-based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only.
Do not apply cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist
of a circuit board with no case or chassis (e.g., a data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never
require cleaning if handled according to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected,
the board should be returned to the factory for proper cleaning/servicing.
Table of contents
Section Title Page
1 Getting Started
General information ....................................................................... 1-2
Contact information ................................................................. 1-2
Manual addenda ..................................................................... 1-2
Safety symbols and terms ...................................................... 1-2
Inspection ............................................................................... 1-3
Options and accessories ........................................................ 1-3
Product overview ........................................................................... 1-5
Front and rear panel familiarization ............................................... 1-6
Front panel summary .............................................................. 1-6
Rear panel summary .............................................................. 1-7
Power-up ....................................................................................... 1-9
Line power connection ............................................................ 1-9
Power-up sequence .............................................................. 1-10
Line frequency setting ........................................................... 1-11
Fuse replacement ................................................................. 1-11
Cooling fan .................................................................................. 1-12
Display ........................................................................................ 1-13
Display format ....................................................................... 1-13
EDIT key ............................................................................... 1-13
TOGGLE key ........................................................................ 1-13
Status and error messages ................................................... 1-14
Remote display programming ............................................... 1-14
Front panel tests ................................................................... 1-14
Default settings ........................................................................... 1-15
Saving and restoring user setups ......................................... 1-15
Factory default settings ......................................................... 1-16
Remote setups ...................................................................... 1-18
Menus ......................................................................................... 1-19
Table of Contents 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
Main menu ............................................................................ 1-19
Rules to navigate menus ...................................................... 1-22
Editing source and compliance values ................................. 1-23
Toggling the source and measure display fields ................... 1-23
Disabling front panel display ................................................. 1-24
Configuration menus ............................................................ 1-24
2 Connections
Connection overview ..................................................................... 2-2
Front/rear terminals selection ................................................. 2-2
Connections to DUT ...................................................................... 2-3
Sensing methods .................................................................... 2-5
Guarding methods .................................................................. 2-8
3 Basic Source-Measure Operation
WARNING - CAUTION .................................................................. 3-2
Operation overview ....................................................................... 3-4
Source-measure capabilities .................................................. 3-4
Compliance limit ..................................................................... 3-6
Setting the compliance limit .................................................... 3-8
Basic circuit configurations ..................................................... 3-9
Operation considerations ............................................................ 3-10
Warm-up ............................................................................... 3-10
Auto zero .............................................................................. 3-10
NPLC caching ....................................................................... 3-11
V-source protection ............................................................... 3-12
Source delay ......................................................................... 3-13
Basic source-measure procedure ............................................... 3-15
Front panel source-measure procedure ............................... 3-15
Remote command source-measure procedure .................... 3-18
Measure only ............................................................................... 3-20
Front panel measure only ..................................................... 3-20
Remote command measure only .......................................... 3-21
Sink operation ............................................................................. 3-22
Battery charging/discharging ................................................ 3-22
Sink programming example .................................................. 3-24
4 Ohms Measurements
Ohms configuration menu ............................................................. 4-2
Ohms measurement methods ....................................................... 4-3
Selecting ohms measurement method ................................... 4-4
Ohms measurement procedure .............................................. 4-4
Ohms sensing ............................................................................... 4-6
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents
Sense selection ...................................................................... 4-7
Offset-compensated ohms ............................................................ 4-8
Enabling/disabling offset-compensated ohms ........................ 4-8
Ohms accuracy calculations ................................................... 4-9
Ohms source readback ............................................................... 4-11
Ohms source readback selection ......................................... 4-11
6-wire ohms measurements ........................................................ 4-12
Remote ohms programming ........................................................ 4-13
Remote ohms commands ..................................................... 4-13
Ohms programming example ............................................... 4-14
5 Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only)
Overview ....................................................................................... 5-2
Pulse characteristics ..................................................................... 5-3
Pulse width ............................................................................. 5-4
Output off-time ........................................................................ 5-6
Pulse duty cycle ...................................................................... 5-6
Fast pulse output .................................................................... 5-7
Pulse jitter ............................................................................... 5-8
Pulse energy limitations (10A range) ............................................ 5-9
Pulse Mode configuration ............................................................ 5-10
Front panel Pulse Mode configuration .................................. 5-10
Remote command Pulse Mode configuration ....................... 5-11
Pulse-measure considerations .................................................... 5-12
Measurement speed ............................................................. 5-12
Filter ...................................................................................... 5-12
Auto range ............................................................................ 5-12
Concurrent measurements ................................................... 5-12
Ohms source readback ......................................................... 5-12
Toggle key ............................................................................. 5-13
Offset-compensated ohms .................................................... 5-13
Source delay ......................................................................... 5-13
Trigger delay ......................................................................... 5-14
Input triggers ......................................................................... 5-14
Output triggers ...................................................................... 5-14
Auto output-off ...................................................................... 5-14
Output-off state ..................................................................... 5-15
Turning source on ................................................................. 5-15
SCPI signal oriented measurement commands ................... 5-15
6 Source-Measure Concepts
Compliance limit ............................................................................ 6-2
Types of compliance ............................................................... 6-2
Maximum compliance values .................................................. 6-3
Table of Contents 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
Compliance examples ............................................................ 6-4
Determining compliance limit .................................................. 6-4
Overheating protection .................................................................. 6-6
Overheating conditions ........................................................... 6-6
Source-delay-measure cycle ......................................................... 6-7
Sweep waveforms .................................................................. 6-9
Operating boundaries .................................................................. 6-10
Source or sink ....................................................................... 6-10
Duty cycle ............................................................................. 6-10
I-Source operating boundaries ............................................. 6-15
V-Source operating boundaries ............................................ 6-19
Source I measure I and source V measure V ....................... 6-22
Basic circuit configurations .......................................................... 6-23
Source I ................................................................................ 6-23
Source V ............................................................................... 6-24
Measure only (V or I) ............................................................ 6-25
Guard .......................................................................................... 6-27
Cable guard .......................................................................... 6-27
Ohms guard .......................................................................... 6-28
Guard sense ......................................................................... 6-32
Data flow ..................................................................................... 6-34
Buffer considerations ............................................................ 6-36
7 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters
Range and digits ........................................................................... 7-2
Range ..................................................................................... 7-2
Digits ....................................................................................... 7-5
Remote range and digits programming .................................. 7-5
Speed ............................................................................................ 7-7
Setting speed .......................................................................... 7-7
Remote speed programming .................................................. 7-8
Filters ............................................................................................ 7-9
Front panel filter control ........................................................ 7-10
Remote filter programming ................................................... 7-12
8 Relative and Math
Relative ......................................................................................... 8-2
Front panel rel ......................................................................... 8-2
Remote rel programming ........................................................ 8-3
Math operations ............................................................................ 8-4
Built-in math functions ............................................................ 8-4
Front panel math operations ................................................... 8-6
Remote math operations ........................................................ 8-7
User-defined math functions ................................................... 8-7
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents
9 Data Store
Data store overview ...................................................................... 9-2
Front panel data store ................................................................... 9-2
Storing readings ...................................................................... 9-2
Recalling readings .................................................................. 9-2
Buffer statistics ....................................................................... 9-3
Timestamp format ................................................................... 9-4
Buffer considerations .............................................................. 9-5
Remote command data store ........................................................ 9-5
Data store commands ............................................................. 9-5
Data store programming example .......................................... 9-5
10 Sweep Operation
Sweep types ................................................................................ 10-2
Linear staircase sweep ......................................................... 10-2
Logarithmic staircase sweep ................................................ 10-4
Abort on compliance ............................................................. 10-5
Custom sweep ...................................................................... 10-6
Source memory sweep ......................................................... 10-6
Configuring and running a sweep ............................................. 10-12
Front panel sweep operation .............................................. 10-12
Remote sweep operation .................................................... 10-19
Pulse Mode sweeps (Model 2430 only) .................................... 10-24
Front panel Pulse Mode sweep procedure ......................... 10-25
Remote Pulse Mode sweep operation ................................ 10-26
11 Triggering
Front panel trigger operation ....................................................... 11- 2
Front panel trigger model ...................................................... 11-2
Configuring triggering ........................................................... 11 - 7
Remote trigger operation .......................................................... 11-10
Remote trigger model ......................................................... 11-10
Remote trigger commands ................................................. 11-18
Trigger link ................................................................................. 11-19
Input trigger requirements ................................................... 11- 19
Output trigger specifications ............................................... 11-20
Pulse Mode triggering (Model 2430) ......................................... 11-20
Trigger models .................................................................... 11-20
Invalid trigger settings ......................................................... 11- 2 4
12 Limit Testing
Types of limits ............................................................................. 12-2
Pass/fail information ............................................................. 12-2
Table of Contents 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
Data flow ............................................................................... 12-3
Limit 1 test (compliance) ....................................................... 12-3
Limit 2, limit 3, and limit 5-12 tests ........................................ 12-3
Limit 4 ................................................................................... 12-3
Limit test modes ................................................................... 12-3
Binning .................................................................................. 12-4
Operation overview ..................................................................... 12-4
Grading mode ....................................................................... 12-4
Sorting mode ........................................................................ 12-7
Binning systems ........................................................................ 12-10
Handler interface ................................................................ 12-10
Handler types ..................................................................... 12-12
Basic binning systems ........................................................ 12-13
Digital output clear pattern .................................................. 12-14
Configuring and performing limit tests ....................................... 12-16
Configuring limit tests ......................................................... 12-16
Performing front panel limit tests ........................................ 12-19
Remote limit testing ................................................................... 12-20
Limit commands ................................................................. 12-20
13 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, & Output Configuration
Digital I/O port ............................................................................. 13-2
Port configuration ................................................................. 13-2
Digital output configuration ................................................... 13-3
Controlling digital output lines ............................................... 13-4
Output enable line ....................................................................... 13-6
Front panel output configuration ................................................. 13-7
Configure OUTPUT menu .................................................... 13-8
Output-off states ................................................................... 13-9
Output-off states and inductive loads ................................. 13-11
Remote output configuration ..................................................... 13-12
Output configuration commands ......................................... 13-12
14 Remote Operations
Differences: remote vs. local operation ....................................... 14-2
Operation enhancements (remote operation) ....................... 14-2
Local-to-remote transition ..................................................... 14-2
Remote-to-local transition ..................................................... 14-3
Selecting an interface .................................................................. 14-3
GPIB operation ............................................................................ 14-4
GPIB standards .................................................................... 14-4
GPIB connections ................................................................. 14-4
Primary address ................................................................... 14-4
General bus commands .............................................................. 14-5
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents
Front panel GPIB operation ........................................................ 14-5
Error and status messages ................................................... 14-5
GPIB status indicators .......................................................... 14-5
LOCAL key ........................................................................... 14-6
Programming syntax ................................................................... 14-6
Command words ................................................................... 14-6
Query commands ................................................................. 14-9
Case sensitivity ..................................................................... 14-9
Long-form and short-form versions ....................................... 14-9
Short-form rules .................................................................. 14-10
Response messages .......................................................... 14-12
Message exchange protocol ............................................... 14-13
RS-232 interface operation ....................................................... 14-13
Sending and receiving data ................................................ 14-13
Baud rate ............................................................................ 14-14
Data bits and parity ............................................................. 14-14
Terminator ........................................................................... 14-14
Flow control (signal handshaking) ...................................... 14-15
RS-232 connections ........................................................... 14-15
Error messages .................................................................. 14-17
15 Status Structure
Overview ..................................................................................... 15-2
Status byte and SRQ ............................................................ 15-2
Status register sets ............................................................... 15-2
Queues ................................................................................. 15-2
Clearing registers and queues .................................................... 15-4
Programming and reading registers ............................................ 15-5
Programming enable registers .............................................. 15-5
Reading registers .................................................................. 15-6
Status byte and service request (SRQ) ....................................... 15-7
Status byte register ............................................................... 15-8
Service request enable register ............................................ 15-9
Serial polling and SRQ ......................................................... 15-9
Status byte and service request commands ....................... 15-10
Status register sets .................................................................... 15-11
Register bit descriptions ..................................................... 15-11
Condition registers .............................................................. 15-16
Event registers .................................................................... 15-16
Event enable registers ........................................................ 15-17
Queues ...................................................................................... 15-18
Output queue ...................................................................... 15-18
Error queue ......................................................................... 15-19
Table of Contents 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
16 Common Commands
Command summary .................................................................... 16-2
Command reference ................................................................... 16-3
*IDN? — identification query ................................................ 16-3
*OPC — operation complete ................................................ 16-3
*OPC? — operation complete query .................................... 16-3
*SAV <NRf> — save ............................................................. 16-3
*RCL <NRf> — recall ........................................................... 16-3
**RST — reset ...................................................................... 16-4
*TRG — trigger ..................................................................... 16-4
**TST? — self-test query ...................................................... 16-4
*WAI — wait-to-continue ....................................................... 16-5
17 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands
Command summary .................................................................... 17-2
Configuring measurement function ............................................. 17-2
:CONFigure:<function> ......................................................... 17-2
Acquiring readings ...................................................................... 17-3
:FETCh? ............................................................................... 17-3
[:SENSe[1]]:DATA[:LATest]? ................................................. 17-4
:READ? ................................................................................. 17-4
:MEASure[:<function>]? ....................................................... 17-5
18 SCPI Command Reference
Reference tables ......................................................................... 18-2
Calculate subsystems ............................................................... 18-26
CALCulate[1] ............................................................................. 18-26
Select (create) math expression name ............................... 18-26
Assign unit suffix ................................................................. 18-28
Define math expression ...................................................... 18-29
Enable and read math expression result ............................ 18-32
CALCulate2 ............................................................................... 18-33
Select input path ................................................................. 18-33
Null feed reading ................................................................ 18-34
Read CALC2 ...................................................................... 18-34
Configure and control limit tests ......................................... 18-35
Composite testing ............................................................... 18-39
Clear test results ................................................................. 18-42
CALCulate3 ............................................................................... 18-43
Select statistic ..................................................................... 18-43
Acquire statistic ................................................................... 18-43
DISPlay subsystem ................................................................... 18-44
Control display .................................................................... 18-44
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents
Read display ....................................................................... 18-46
Define :TEXT messages ..................................................... 18-46
FORMat subsystem .................................................................. 18-47
Data format ......................................................................... 18-47
Data elements ..................................................................... 18-49
CALC data elements ........................................................... 18-53
Byte order ........................................................................... 18-54
Status register format .......................................................... 18-54
OUTPut subsystem ................................................................... 18-55
Turn source on or off ........................................................... 18-55
Output enable line ............................................................... 18-56
Output-off states ................................................................. 18-56
ROUTe subsystem .................................................................... 18-57
Select input jacks ................................................................ 18-57
SENSe1 subsystem .................................................................. 18-58
Select measurement functions ........................................... 18-58
Select measurement range ................................................. 18-62
Select auto range ................................................................ 18-65
Current range holdoff .......................................................... 18-66
Set compliance parameters ................................................ 18-67
Set measurement speed ..................................................... 18-69
Configure and control filter .................................................. 18-70
SOURce subsystem .................................................................. 18-71
SOURce[1] .......................................................................... 18-71
Control source output-off .................................................... 18-71
Select function modes ........................................................ 18-72
Select sourcing mode ......................................................... 18-73
Select range ........................................................................ 18-74
Set amplitude for fixed source ............................................ 18-77
Set voltage limit .................................................................. 18-79
Set delay ............................................................................. 18-82
Configure voltage and current sweeps ............................... 18-83
Abort on compliance ........................................................... 18-90
Configure list ....................................................................... 18-91
Configure memory sweep ................................................... 18-93
Set scaling factor ................................................................ 18-95
Soak time ............................................................................ 18-96
Pulse Mode delays (Model 2430 only) ................................ 18-97
SOURce2 ............................................................................ 18-98
Setting digital output ........................................................... 18-98
Clearing digital output ......................................................... 18-99
STATus subsystem .................................................................. 18-101
Read event registers ......................................................... 18-101
Program event enable registers ........................................ 18-101
Read condition registers ................................................... 18-101
Table of Contents 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
Select default conditions ................................................... 18-102
Error queue ....................................................................... 18-102
SYSTem subsystem ................................................................ 18-103
Default conditions ............................................................. 18-103
Control remote sensing .................................................... 18-104
Select guard mode ........................................................... 18-105
Initialize memory ............................................................... 18-106
Control beeper .................................................................. 18-106
Control auto zero .............................................................. 18-107
Control NPLC caching ...................................................... 18-107
Select power line frequency setting .................................. 18-108
Error queue ....................................................................... 18-109
Simulate key presses ....................................................... 18-110
Read version of SCPI standard ........................................ 18-112
RS-232 interface ............................................................... 18-112
Query timestamp .............................................................. 18-112
Reset timestamp ............................................................... 18-113
Auto reset timestamp ........................................................ 18-113
Auto range change mode ................................................. 18-113
TRACe subsystem .................................................................. 18-114
Read and clear buffer ....................................................... 18-114
Configure and control buffer ............................................. 18-114
Select timestamp format ................................................... 18-116
TRIGger subsystem ................................................................ 18-116
Clear input triggers ........................................................... 18-116
Initiate source/measure cycle ........................................... 18-117
Abort source/measure cycle ............................................. 18-117
Program trigger model ...................................................... 18-117
Accuracy calculations ................................................................... A-2
Measure accuracy ................................................................. A-2
Source accuracy .................................................................... A-2
Source-Delay-Measure (SDM) cycle timing ................................. A-3
Definitions .............................................................................. A-3
Timing diagrams .................................................................... A-4
Introduction .................................................................................. B-2
Status and error messages .......................................................... B-2
Eliminating common SCPI errors ................................................. B-8
Introduction .................................................................................. C-2
FETCh? ................................................................................. C-3
CALCulate[1]:DATA? ............................................................. C-4
CALCulate2:DATA? ............................................................... C-4
TRACe:DATA? ....................................................................... C-4
CALCulate3:DATA? ............................................................... C-4
Introduction .................................................................................. D-2
Bus description ............................................................................. D-3
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Table of Contents
Bus lines ....................................................................................... D-5
Data lines ............................................................................... D-5
Bus management lines .......................................................... D-5
Handshake lines .................................................................... D-5
Bus commands ............................................................................ D-6
Addressed multiline commands ............................................. D-8
Address commands ............................................................... D-8
Unaddress commands ........................................................... D-8
Common commands .............................................................. D-8
SCPI commands .................................................................... D-8
Command codes .................................................................... D-9
IEEE command groups ........................................................ D-11
Interface function codes ............................................................. D-12
Introduction .................................................................................. E-2
Introduction ................................................................................... F-2
Overview ....................................................................................... F-2
Description .............................................................................. F-2
Operation ...................................................................................... F-3
DUT connections .................................................................... F-3
Contact check threshold resistances ...................................... F-4
Contact check failure indications ............................................ F-5
Auto and manual ohms ........................................................... F-5
Trigger model operation .......................................................... F-6
Sweep and binning considerations ............................................... F-6
Sweep limitations .................................................................... F-6
Limit test sequence ................................................................. F-7
Binning failure indications (grading mode) ............................ F-10
Front panel contact check operation ........................................... F-11
Menu selections .................................................................... F-11
Using contact check .............................................................. F-12
Remote contact check operation ................................................. F-14
Contact check remote commands ........................................ F-14
Contact check programming example .................................. F-15
Contact check command reference ............................................ F-17
Configure and control contact check .................................... F-17
Configure and control contact check limit test ...................... F-17
Configure and control contact check event detection ........... F-19
Contact check defaults ................................................................ F-20
Introduction .................................................................................. G-2
Selecting the 488.1 protocol ......................................................... G-2
Protocol differences ..................................................................... G-3
Message exchange protocol (MEP) ....................................... G-3
Using SCPI-based programs ................................................. G-4
NRFD hold-off ........................................................................ G-4
NDAC hold-off ........................................................................ G-4
Table of Contents 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
Trigger-on-talk ....................................................................... G-5
Message available ................................................................. G-5
General operation notes ........................................................ G-5
1
Getting Started
• General information — Covers general information that includes contact
information, safety symbols and terms, inspection, and available options
and accessories.
• Product overview — Summarizes the features of the SourceMeter.
• Front and rear panel familiarization — Summarizes the controls and con-
nectors of the instrument.
• Power-up — Covers line power connection, line voltage settings, fuse
replacement, and the power-up sequence.
• Cooling fan — Covers the cooling fan in the Models 2410, 2420, 2425,
2430, and 2440.
• Display — Provides information about the SourceMeter display.
• Default settings — Covers factory default setups and saving and recalling
user setups.
• Menus — Covers the main and configuration menus as well as rules to
navigate menus.
1-2 Getting Started 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
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General information
Contact information
Worldwide phone numbers are listed at the front of this manual. If you have any
questions, please contact your local Keithley representative or call one of our
Application Engineers at 1-800-348-3735 (U.S. and Canada only).
Manual addenda
Any improvements or changes concerning the instrument or manual will be
explained in an addendum included with the manual. Be sure to note these
changes and incorporate them into the manual.
Safety symbols and terms
The following symbols and terms may be found on the instrument or used in this
manual.
The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.
The symbol on the instrument shows that high voltage may be present on
the terminal(s). Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with
these voltages.
The WARNING heading used in this manual explains dangers that might result in
personal injury or death. Always read the associated information very carefully
before performing the indicated procedure.
The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains hazards that could damage
the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-3
Inspection
The SourceMeter was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before
shipment. After unpacking all items from the shipping carton, check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit. (There may
be a protective film over the display lens, which can be removed.) Report any
damage to the shipping agent immediately. Save the original packing carton for
possible future shipment. The following items are included with every SourceMeter order:
• SourceMeter with line cord.
• Test leads (Model 8605 for 2400, 2400-C; Model 1754 for all other series
2400 units).
• Accessories as ordered.
• Certificate of calibration.
• User’s Manual.
• Service Manual.
• Support Software Disk including TestPoint instrument library for GPIB and
LabVIEW for Windows driver.
• Manual addenda containing any improvements or changes to the instrument or manual.
If an additional manual is required, order the appropriate manual package (for
example, 2400-901-00). The manual packages include a manual and any pertinent addenda.
Options and accessories
The following options and accessories are available from Keithley for use with the
SourceMeter.
Cables and adapters
Model 2499-DIGIO adapter — Lets you expand the Digital I/O port to 16 bits
instead of 4 bits.
Models 7007-1 and 7007-2 shielded GPIB cables — Connect the SourceMeter to
the GPIB bus using shielded cables and connectors to reduce electromagnetic
interference (EMI). The Model 7007-1 is 1m long; the Model 7007-2 is 2m long.
Models 8501-1 and 8501-2 trigger link cables — Connect the SourceMeter to
other instruments with Trigger Link connectors (e.g., Model 7001 Switch System).
The Model 8501-1 is 1m long; the Model 8501-2 is 2m long.
Model 8502 trigger link adapter — Lets you connect any of the six Trigger Link
lines of the SourceMeter to instruments that use the standard BNC trigger connectors.
1-4 Getting Started 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
Model 8503 DIN to BNC trigger cable — Lets you connect Trigger Link lines one
(Voltmeter Complete) and two (External Trigger) of the SourceMeter to instruments that use BNC trigger connectors. The Model 8503 is 1m long.
Model 8505 trigger link cable — The Model 8505 is a male to dual-female trigger
link cable.
Rack mount kits
Model 4288-1 single fixed rack mount kit — Mounts a single SourceMeter in a
standard 19-inch rack.
Model 4288-2 side-by-side rack mount kit — Mounts two instruments (Models
182, 428, 486, 487, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2010, 2015, 2400, 2410, 2420, 2425,
2430, 2440, 6430, 6517, 7001) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.
Model 4288-3 side-by-side rack mount kit — Mounts a SourceMeter and a Model
199 side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.
Model 4288-4 side-by-side rack mount kit — Mounts a SourceMeter and a 5.25-
inch instrument (Models 195A, 196, 220, 224, 230, 263, 595, 614, 617, 705, 740,
775, etc.) side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.
Model 4288-5 dual fixed rack mounting kit — Mounts a SourceMeter and another
3H-inch high instrument (Model 182, 428, 486, 487, 2000, 2010, 2400, 2410,
2420, 2425, 2430, 6430, or 7001), side-by-side in a standard 19-inch rack.
Carrying case
Model 1050 padded carrying case — A carrying case for a SourceMeter. Includes
handles and a shoulder strap.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-5
Product overview
The SourceMeter combines a precise, low-noise, highly stable DC power supply
with a low-noise, highly repeatable, high-impedance multimeter. It has 0.012%
basic accuracy with 5H-digit resolution. At 5H digits, the SourceMeter delivers 520
readings/second over the IEEE-488 bus. At 4H digits, it can read up to 2000 read-
ings/second into its internal buffer. See Appendix A for specifications.
Some additional capabilities of the SourceMeter include:
• Concurrent measurements of all three functions over the remote interface.
• Source-measure sweep capabilities (linear and logarithmic staircase
sweeps, source sweep list of up to 2500 points, memory sweep of up to 100
instrument setups).
• 6-wire Ω measurement with programmable I-source or V-source with V or I
clamp.
• 4-quadrant source and sink operation.
• Up to 12 stages of limit testing with a built-in comparator for pass/fail testing.
• Digital I/O for stand-alone binning operations or interface to component
handler.
• Programming language and remote interfaces — The SourceMeter uses
the SCPI programming language and two remote interface ports (IEEE488/GPIB and RS-232C).
• Trigger-Link interface to Keithley Series 7000 switching hardware.
• Math expressions — Five built-in, up to five user-defined (bus only).
• Reading and setup storage — Up to 2500 readings and seven setups (five
user defaults, factory default, *RST default) can be stored and recalled.
• Closed-cover calibration — The instrument can be calibrated either from
the front panel or remote interface.
1-6 Getting Started 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
SourceMeter
250V
PEAK
5V
PEAK
HI
LO
OUTPUT
250V
PEAK
250V
PEAK
EDIT
TOGGLE
POWER
RANGE
INPUT/
OUTPUT
4-WIRE
SENSE
DISPLAY
ON/OFF
TERMINALS
FRONT/
REAR
AUTO
RANGE
EXIT ENTER
CONFIG MENU
SWEEP
TRIG
REL
LOCAL
FILTER
LIMIT
DIGITS SPEED
V
Ω
MEAS
I
FCTN
V
I
SOURCE
230
1
67
89
4
+/-
5
STORE
RECALL
EDIT
Front and rear panel familiarization
NOTE The SourceMeter models covered in this manual are very similar in
appearance. Therefore, to avoid redundancy, a generic Model 2400 is
used for illustration purposes.
Front panel summary
The front panel of the SourceMeter is shown in Figure 1-1. The following abbrevi-
ated information should be reviewed before operating the instrument.
Figure 1-1
SourceMeter front panel
Measurement (MEAS) function keys:
V Measure volts.
I Measure amps.
Ω Measure ohms.
FCTN Perform math functions.
SOURCE function keys:
V Source voltage (V-Source).
I Source current (I-Source).
∆ and ∇ Increase/decrease source or compliance value.
Operation keys:
EDIT Select source or compliance reading for editing.
TOGGLE Toggle display positions of source and measure readings, or display V and I
LOCAL Cancel remote operation.
REL Enable/disable relative reading on present function.
FILTER Display digital filter status for present function and toggle filter on/off.
LIMIT Perform configured limit tests.
TRIG Trigger a measurement from the front panel.
measurements.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-7
SWEEP Start configured sweep.
left/right arrows Move through parameter values or selections within functions and operations.
DIGITS Change number of digits of display resolution.
SPEED Change measurement speed by selecting accuracy or specifying NPLC.
STORE Set buffer size and enable reading storage.
RECALL Display stored readings and timestamp.
CONFIG Press CONFIG and then appropriate key to configure function or operation.
MENU Access and configure Main Menu selections. When entering numeric data, use to
EXIT Cancels selection. Use to back out of menu structures.
ENTER Accepts selection.
clear reading to minimum absolute value.
RANGE keys:
∆ Moves to next higher range, increments digit, moves to next selection.
∇ Moves to next lower range, decrements digit, moves to previous selection.
AUTO Enables or disables measurement auto range.
Annunciators:
EDIT Instrument in edit mode.
ERR Questionable reading, invalid cal step.
REM Instrument in GPIB remote mode.
TALK Instrument addressed to talk over GPIB.
LSTN Instrument addressed to listen over GPIB.
SRQ Service request over GPIB.
REAR Rear input/output connectors selected.
REL Relative measure reading displayed.
FILT Digital filter enabled.
MATH Math function enabled.
4W Remote sensing enabled.
AUTO Autoranging enabled.
ARM Source-measure operations being performed.
TRIG External trigger source selected.
* Reading being stored.
Input/output connectors:
INPUT/OUTPUT HI and LOUse to source-measure volts, amps, and ohms.
4-WIRE SENSE HI and LOUse for 4-wire remote sensing.
Input/output controls:
ON/OFF Turns the source on or off.
FRONT/REAR Selects front or rear panel input/output connections.
Handle:
Pull out and rotate to desired position.
Rear panel summary
The rear panel of the Model 2400 SourceMeter is shown in Figure 1-2. (The Mod-
els 2410, 2420, 2425, 2430, and 2440 are similar.) The following abbreviated
information should be reviewed before operating the instrument.
NOTE Models 2420, 2425, 2430, and 2440 are not UL listed.
1-8 Getting Started 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
WARNING: NO INTERNAL OPERATOR SERVICABLE PARTS, SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
CAUTION: FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE HAZARD, REPLACE FUSE WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING.
MADE IN
U.S.A.
INPUT/
OUTPUT
250V
PEAK
250V
PEAK
TRIGGER
LINK
4-WIRE
SENSE
HI
LO
LINE RATING
100-240VAC
50, 60, Hz
190VA MAX.
RS-232
IEEE-488
(ENTER IEEE ADDRESS
WITH FRONT PANEL MENU)
250V
PEAK
5V
PEAK
5V
PEAK
5V
PK
V, Ω,
GUARD
GUARD
SENSE
LINE FUSE
SLOWBLOW
2.5A, 250V
OUTPUT
ENABLE
FUSE DRAWER
L
U
CUS
LISTED
SourceMeter
4ZA4
CAT I
!
Figure 1-2
SourceMeter rear panel
Input/output connectors:
INPUT/OUTPUT HI and LOUse to source-measure volts, amps, and ohms.
4-WIRE SENSE HI and LOUse for 4-wire remote sensing.
V, Ω GUARD Driven guard for guarded measurements.
GUARD SENSE Use to correct for IR drops in Guard Output lead.
Earth (chassis) ground screw.
WARNING INPUT/OUTPUT LO is not internally connected to the chassis and
cannot be allowed to float more than the values shown in
Section 2 above chassis ground.
Output enable and digital input/output port:
OUTPUT ENABLEConnector for digital output lines, output enable, and component handler signals.
Power module:
Contains the AC line receptacle and the power line fuse.
Trigger link connector:
TRIGGER LINK 8-pin micro-DIN connector for sending and receiving trigger pulses. Use a trigger
link cable or adapter, such as Models 8501-1, 8501-2, 8502, 8504.
RS-232 connector:
RS-232 Connector for RS-232 remote operation. Use a straight through (not null modem)
GPIB connector:
DB-9 cable.
IEEE-488 Connector for GPIB remote operation. Use a shielded cable (Model
INTERFACE 7007-1 or 7007-2).
Figure 2-1 in
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-9
Power-up
During the power-up, voltage spik es may appear on the terminals of
the SourceMeter. These voltage spikes could be at hazardous levels
(42.4V peak) and could damage sensitive DUTs. Never touch external
circuitry or the test leads when powering up the SourceMeter. It is good
practice to always disconnect DUTs from the SourceMeter before pow
ering up the unit.
To prevent electric shock, test connections must be configured such
that the user cannot come in contact with conductors or any DUT that
is in contact with the conductors. Safe installation requires proper
shields, barriers, and grounding to prevent contact with conductors.
Operator protection and safety are the responsibility of the person
installing the product.
When handling the SourceMeter, NEVER touch the heat sink located
on the left side of the case. This heat sink could be hot enough to cause
burns.
-
Line power connection
The SourceMeter operates from a line voltage in the range of 100 to 240V at a frequency of 50 or 60Hz. Line voltage and line frequency are automatically sensed.
Therefore, there are no switches to set. Check to be sure the operating voltage in
your area is compatible.
CAUTION Operating the instrument on an incorrect line voltage may cause
damage, possibly voiding the warranty.
Perform the following steps to connect the SourceMeter to line power and turn it
on:
1. Before plugging in the power cord, make sure the front panel power switch
is in the off (0) position.
2. Connect the female end of the supplied power cord to the AC receptacle on
the rear panel.
1-10 Getting Started 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
The power cord supplied with the SourceMeter contains a separate
ground for use with grounded outlets. When proper connections are
made, instrument chassis is connected to power line ground through
the ground wire in the power cord. Failure to use a grounded outlet
may result in personal injury or death due to electric shock.
3. Turn on the instrument by pressing the front panel power switch to the on
(1) position.
Power-up sequence
On power-up, the SourceMeter performs self-tests on its EPROM and RAM and
momentarily lights all segments and annunciators. If a failure is detected, the
instrument momentarily displays an error message, and the ERR annunciator
turns on (error messages are listed in Appendix B).
NOTE For the Model 2430, there is an internal bank of capacitors that need to
charge. While charging, the message “Charging capacitor bank, please
wait” message will be displayed for approximately 10 seconds.
If a problem develops while the instrument is under warranty, return it to
Keithley Instruments, Inc., for repair.
If the instrument passes the self-tests, the model number and the firmware revision levels are displayed. For example:
REV A01 A02
where: A01 is the main board ROM revision.
A02 is the display board ROM revision.
Also displayed is the line frequency. (If the wrong frequency is displayed, it can be
set manually as covered below). The communication interface status is briefly displayed. If the IEEE-488 bus is the presently selected interface, the identification
message will include the primary address. For example, if the primary address is
24 (factory default), the “IEEE Addr=24” message is displayed. If the RS-232
interface is selected, the “RS-232” message is displayed.
After the power-up sequence, the instrument goes to its normal display state with
the output off (OUTPUT indicator light off). With the output off, the “OFF” message
is displayed, and dashes replace the reading.
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-11
Line frequency setting
At the factory, the SourceMeter is configured to sense the power line frequency
and automatically select the frequency setting. If, however, the line power source
is noisy, the SourceMeter may select the wrong setting on power-up. If this situation occurs, noisy measurement readings will result, and accuracy may be
affected. You can manually set the line frequency from the front panel MENU/ADCTRL/LINE-FREQ selection, or SYST:LFR by remote.
Fuse replacement
A rear panel fuse protects the power line input of the SourceMeter. If the line fuse
needs to be replaced, perform the following steps:
CAUTION For continued protection against fire or instrument damage, replace
the fuse only with the type and rating listed. If the instrument repeat
edly blows fuses, locate and correct the cause of the problem
before replacing the fuse.
1. The fuse is located in a drawer above the AC receptacle (Figure 1-2). At the
bottom of the fuse drawer is a small tab. At this location, use a small bladed
screwdriver to pry the fuse drawer open.
2. Slide the fuse drawer out to gain access to the fuse. Note that the fuse
drawer does not pull all the way out of the power module.
3. Snap the fuse out of the drawer and replace it with the same type
(
Appendix Table 1-1).
4. Push the fuse drawer back into the power module.
-
Table 1-1
Power line fuse
SourceMeter Fuse description Keithley part number
2400, 2400-LV,
2401, and 2410
2420, 2425, 2430,
and 2440
250V, 2.5A, 5 × 20mm FU-72
250V, 3.15A, 5 × 20mm FU-106-3.15
1-12 Getting Started 2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual
Cooling fan
The Models 2410, 2420, 2425, 2430, and 2440 use a cooling fan to help keep
them from overheating. The Models 2400 and 2401 do not have a cooling fan. In
either case (fan or no fan), proper ventilation must be maintained to prevent
overheating. Refer to the “WARNING - CAUTION” located at the beginning of
Section 3 for details on maintaining proper ventilation.
Model 2410 — Uses a constant-speed fan that runs continuously while the power
is on.
Models 2420, 2425, 2430, and 2440 — Uses a 3-speed fan. With the OUTPUT
ON, the fan speed setting is determined by the present current range (source or
measure).
2420, 2425, 2430, and 2440
range
10uA, 100uA, 1mA Low (50%)
10mA, 100mA Medium (75%)
1A, 3A, 3A/10A (2430) High (100%)
1A, 5A (2440) High (100%)
Fan speed
When the OUTPUT is turned OFF, the fan will either run at the low speed or stay
at the speed it was at when the output was on (current range dependent). This
speed option is set from the FAN selection of the GENERAL MENU. (See “Main
menu” in this section.)
NOTE If the Model 2420, 2425, 2430, or 2440 overheats, the output will trip and
the cooling fan will run at high speed (regardless of the speed option set
ting). See Section 6, “Overheating protection,” for details.
-
2400 Series SourceMeter® User’s Manual Getting Started 1-13
Display
Display format
The SourceMeter display is used primarily to program source and compliance values and display measured readings. Annunciators, which are located along the
top of the reading/message display, indicate various states of operation, as covered previously in “Front panel summary.”
On power-up, the top (primary) display is used for measurements when the output
is on (with the output off, “OFF” is displayed). The bottom-left display is used for
the programmed source value (Vsrc or Isrc), and the bottom-right display is used
for the programmed compliance (Cmpl) limit.
Reading information can be displayed using either engineering units or scientific
notation in either fixed- or floating-point format. Use the GENERAL/NUMBERS
selection of the main MENU to select the display format, as discussed in “Menus”
later in this section.
Engineering units example: 1.23456µA
Scientific notation example: 1.23456e -6
NOTE The display may be disabled for faster operation. See “Disabling front
EDIT key
The SourceMeter must be in the edit mode to set source and compliance values.
The edit mode is selected by pressing the EDIT key (EDIT annunciator on). The
editing cursor (flashing digit) appears for the source or compliance reading. If a
value is not edited within six seconds, the edit mode is cancelled. While in the edit
mode, the EDIT key toggles between the source value and compliance value. See
Section 3 for details on setting source and compliance values.
TOGGLE key
NOTE For the Model 2430 Pulse Mode, the TOGGLE key is disabled.
With the output on, the TOGGLE key manipulates readings on the top display and
on the bottom-left display. It has no effect on the compliance reading (Cmpl),
which is located on the bottom right. Each press of the TOGGLE key sequences
through the display options.
panel display,” page 1-24.
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