JVC KD-R207 User Manual

Page 1

KD-R207

CD RECEIVER: INSTRUCTIONS/INSTALLATION

Thank you for purchasing a JVC product.

Please read all instructions carefully before operation, to ensure your complete understanding and to obtain the best possible performance from the unit.

Installation/connection are explained at the last section of this manual (reverse page, indicated with

symbol).

GET0591-001A

[EE]

ENGLISH

IMPORTANT FOR LASER PRODUCTS

1. CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT

2. CAUTION: Do not open the top cover. There are no user serviceable parts inside the unit; leave all servicing to qualified service personnel.

3. CAUTION: Visible and/or invisible class 1M laser radiation when open. Do not view directly with optical instruments.

4. REPRODUCTION OF LABEL: CAUTION LABEL, PLACED OUTSIDE THE UNIT.

[European Union only]

For safety...

• Do not raise the volume level too much, as this will block

outside sounds, making driving dangerous.

• Stop the car before performing any complicated

operations.

Warning

If you need to operate the unit while driving, be sure to look around carefully or you may be involved in a traffic accident.

Caution on volume setting

Temperature inside the car...

If you have parked the car for a long time in hot or cold weather, wait until the temperature in the car becomes normal before operating the unit.

Discs produce very little noise compared with other sources. Lower the volume before playing a disc to avoid damaging the speakers by the sudden increase of the output level.

PREPARATIONS

Detaching the control panel

Attaching the control panel

How to reset your unit

Reset the unit after installation is complete.

• Your preset adjustments will also be erased.

How to forcibly eject a disc

• Be careful not to drop the disc when it ejects.

• If this does not work, reset your unit.

MORE ABOUT THIS UNIT

Basic operations

• By pressing SRC on the unit, you can also turn on the power. If the source is ready, playback also starts.

• If you turn off the power while listening to a track, playback will start from where it had been stopped previously next time you turn on the power.

Tuner operations

• During SSM search...

– All previously stored stations are erased and the

stations are stored anew.

– When SSM is over, the station stored in the lowest

preset number will be automatically tuned in.

• Network-Tracking Reception requires two types of Radio Data System signals—PI (Programme Identification) and AF (Alternative Frequency) to work correctly.

• If a Traffic Announcement is received by TA Standby Reception, the volume level automatically changes to the preset level (TA VOL) if the current level is lower than the preset level.

• When Alternative Frequency Reception is activated (with AF selected), Network-Tracking Reception is also activated automatically. On the other hand, NetworkTracking Reception cannot be deactivated without deactivating Alternative Frequency Reception.

Disc operations

Caution for DualDisc playback

• The Non-DVD side of a “DualDisc” does not comply with the “Compact Disc Digital Audio” standard. Therefore, the use of Non-DVD side of a DualDisc on this product may not be recommended.

General

• This unit has been designed to reproduce CDs/CD Texts, and CD-Rs (Recordable)/CD-RWs (Rewritable) in audio CD (CD-DA) and MP3/WMA formats.

Playing a CD-R or CD-RW

• Use only “finalized” CD-Rs or CD-RWs.

• This unit can play back multi-session discs; however, unclosed sessions will be skipped while playing.

• Some CD-Rs or CD-RWs may not be played back on this unit:

– Discs are dirty or scratched. – Moisture condensation has occurred on the lens inside

the unit.

– The pickup lens inside the unit is dirty.

0808DTSMDTJEIN

– The files on the CD-R/CD-RW are written using the

“Packet Write” method.

– There are improper recording conditions (missing data,

etc.) or media conditions (stained, scratched, warped, etc.).

• CD-RWs may require a longer readout time since the reflectance of CD-RWs is lower than that of regular CDs.

Playing an MP3/WMA disc

• This unit can play back MP3/WMA files with the extension code <.mp3> or <.wma> (regardless of the letter case—upper/lower).

• This unit can show the names of albums, artists (performer), and tag (Version 1.0, 1.1, 2.2, 2.3, or 2.4) for MP3 files and for WMA files

• This unit can play back MP3/WMA files meeting the conditions below:

– Bit rate: 8 kbps — 320 kbps – Sampling frequency: 48 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 32 kHz (for MPEG-1) 24 kHz, 22.05 kHz, 16 kHz (for MPEG-2) – Disc format: ISO 9660 Level 1/ Level 2, Romeo, Joliet,

Windows long file name

• The maximum number of characters for file/folder names vary depending on the disc format used (includes 4 extension characters—<.mp3> or <.wma>).

– ISO 9660 Level 1: up to 12 characters; ISO 9660 Level

2: up to 31 characters; Romeo: up to 128 characters; Joliet: up to 64 characters; Windows long file name: up to 128 characters

• This unit can recognize a total of 512 files, 255 folders, and 8 hierarchical levels.

• This unit can play back files recorded in VBR (variable bit rate).

Files recorded in VBR have a discrepancy in the elapsed

time display, and do not show the actual elapsed time. In particular, this difference becomes noticeable after performing the search function.

• This unit cannot play back the following files:

– MP3 files encoded in: MP3i and MP3 PRO format, in an

inappropriate format, layer 1/2.

– WMA files: encoded in lossless, professional, and voice

format; not based upon Windows Media® Audio; copyprotected with DRM.

– Files which have data such as AIFF, ATRAC3, etc.

• The search function works but search speed is not constant.

Basic settings

Enter PSM menu. Select an item.

Finish

Available characters on the display

Available characters Display indications

Adjust.

1 Canceling the display demonstrations

Select “DEMO,” then “DEMO OFF.”

2 Setting the clock

Select “CLOCK H” (hour), then adjust the hour. Select “CLOCK M” (minute), then adjust the

minute.

Select “24H/12H,” then “24H” (hour) or

“12H” (hour).

MAINTENANCE

How to clean the connectors

Wipe the connectors with a cotton swab or cloth moistened with alcohol.

Connectors

Moisture condensation

Moisture may condense on the lens inside the unit. Eject the disc and leave the unit turned on for a few hours until the moisture has evaporated.

Do not use the following discs:

Single CD (8 cm disc)

Unusual shape

1– EN

Warped disc

Sticker and sticker residue

C-thru Disc (semitransparent disc)

To keep discs clean

Wipe in a straight line from center of disc to edge. Do not use liquid cleaners, thinners, or benzene.

To play new discs

Remove any rough areas from the inner and outer edges of the disc.

Stick-on label

Transparent or semi-transparent

parts on its recording area

Page 2

OPERATIONS

Basic operations

Control panel

• Turn on the power.

• Turn off the power [Hold].

• Attenuate the sound (if the power is on).

Detach the panel.

Display window

Playback mode / item indicator

Disc indicator

Disc information indicators

Tr (track) indicator

• Source display

• Track number

• Folder number

• Volume level indicator

• Time countdown indicator

Disc operations

Select the source.

Check the current clock time/other information. See also “CLK DISP“ of “General settings—PSM.”

• MO: Lights up in monaural mode.

• ST: Lights up when receiving an FM stereo

Radio Data System indicators

Main display (time, playback information)

Volume control.

*You cannot select “CD” as the playback

source if no disc is in the unit.

broadcast with sufficient signal strength.

LOUD (loudness) indicator

EQ (equalizer) indicator

Sound mode indicator

Radio operations

Note:

FM1 and FM2:

87.5 MHz – 108.0 MHz FM3:

65.00 MHz – 74.00 MHz

Select preset station.

INSTRUCTIONS

Select “FM/AM.”

Select the bands.

Search for a station—Auto Search.

Manual Search: Hold either one of the buttons until “M” flashes on the display, then press it repeatedly.

When an FM stereo broadcast is hard to receive

Reception improves, but the stereo effect will be lost.

• MO indicator lights up.

To restore the stereo effect, repeat the same procedure.

FM station automatic presetting —SSM (Strong-station Sequential Memory)

You can preset 6 stations for each band.

Manual presetting (FM/AM)

Example: Storing the FM station of 92.5 MHz into preset number 4 of the FM1 band.

Eject disc.

• “NO DISC” appears. Press SRC to listen to another playback source.

•

4 / ¢

[Press] Go to the previous or next track. [Hold] Reverses or fast-forwards the track.

• 5 / ∞ : Go to the previous or next folder (for

Turn on the power.

Insert disc.

All tracks will be played repeatedly until you change the source or eject the disc.

MP3/WMA discs).

Selecting the playback modes

After pressing M MODE, press the following buttons to...

TRK RPT : Plays the current track

FLDR RPT * : Plays all tracks of the current

RPT OFF : Cancels.

FLDR RND * : Plays all tracks of the current

ALL RND : Plays all tracks of the current

RND OFF : Cancels.

* Only while playing an MP3 or a WMA disc.

repeatedly.

folder repeatedly.

folder, then the tracks of the next folder at random.

disc at random.

Skipping a track quickly during play

• For MP3/WMA disc, you can skip a track within the same folder.

Example: Select track 32

[Press] Select track (for CD) or folder* number

(01 – 06).

[Hold] Select track (for CD) or folder* number

(07 – 12).

* Folders are required to assigned with 2-digit

numbers at the beginning.

Changing the display information

While playing an audio CD or CD Text

= B = Disc title/

performer *1 = Track title *1 = (back to the beginning)

A : The elapsed playing time with the current track

number

B : Clock with the current track number

If the current disc is an audio CD, “NO NAME” appears.

* *2 If an MP3/WMA file does not have tags or “TAG DISP” is

set to “TAG OFF,” folder name and file name appear.

Prohibiting disc ejection

You can lock a disc in the loading slot.

To cancel the prohibition, repeat the same procedure.

External component operations

You can connect an external component to the AUX (auxiliary) input jack on the control panel.

3.5 mm stereo mini plug (not supplied)

Portable audio player,

etc.

While playing an MP3 or a WMA disc

A = B = Album name/ performer (folder name *2)

= Track title (file name * = (back to the beginning)

Turn on the connected component and start playing the source.

FM Radio Data System operations

Searching for your favourite FM Radio Data System programme

You can tune in to a station broadcasting your favourite programme by searching for a PTY code.

The last selected PTY code appears.

Select one of your favourite programme types or a PTY code.

If there is a station broadcasting a programme of the same PTY code as you have selected, that station is tuned in.

Standby receptions

)

TA Standby Reception

TA Standby Reception allows the unit to switch temporarily to Traffic Announcement (TA) from any source other than AM and FM3.

To activate/deactivate TA Standby Reception

• If the TP indicator flashes, TA Standby Reception is not yet activated.

To activate the reception, tune in to another station

providing Radio Data System signals required for TA Standby Reception.

PTY Standby Reception

PTY Standby Reception allows the unit to switch temporarily to your favourite PTY programme from any source other than AM and FM3.

To activate and select your favourite PTY code for PTY Standby Reception, see “General settings—PSM:

PTY-STBY.”

• If the PTY indicator flashes, PTY Standby Reception is

not yet activated.

To activate the reception, tune in to another station

providing these signals.

PTY codes

NEWS, AFFAIRS, INFO, SPORT, EDUCATE, DRAMA, CULTURE, SCIENCE, VARIED, POP M (music), ROCK M (music), EASY M (music), LIGHT M (music), CLASSICS, OTHER M (music), WEATHER, FINANCE, CHILDREN, SOCIAL, RELIGION, PHONE IN, TRAVEL, LEISURE, JAZZ, COUNTRY, NATION M (music), OLDIES, FOLK M (music), DOCUMENT

2– EN

Storing your favourite programme type

You can store six favourite programme types.

Preset programme types in the number buttons (1 to 6):

Example: Storing “ROCK M” into preset number 4.

Select a PTY code.

Finish.

Tracing the same programme — Network-Tracking Reception

When driving in an area where FM reception is not sufficient enough, this unit automatically tunes in to another FM Radio Data System station of the same network, possibly broadcasting the same programme with stronger signals.

To change the Network-Tracking Reception setting, see “General settings—PSM: AF-REG.”

Programme A broadcasting on different frequency areas (01 – 05)

Automatic station selection — Programme Search

Usually when you press the number buttons, the preset station is tuned in. If the signals from the FM Radio Data System preset station are not sufficient for good reception, this unit, using the AF data, tunes in to another frequency broadcasting the same programme as the original preset station is broadcasting. See “General settings—PSM: P-SEARCH.”

Page 3

SETTINGS

TROUBLESHOOTING

Sound adjustments

Preset values

Indication (For)

USER (Flat sound) 00 00 OFF

ROCK (Rock or disco music) +03 +01 ON

(Classical music) +01 –02 OFF

CLASSIC

POPS

(Light music) +04 +01 OFF

(Funk or rap music) +02 00 ON

HIP HOP

JAZZ

(Jazz music) +02 +03 OFF

BAS: Bass; TRE: Treble; LOUD: (loudness)

BAS TRE LOUD

Adjusting the sound

General settings—PSM

Enter PSM menu.

Select an item. Adjust.

BAS *1 (bass)

–06 to +06

Adjust the bass.

TRE *

(treble)

–06 to +06

Adjust the treble.

FAD *

(fader)

R06 to F06 Adjust the front and rear speaker balance.

BAL (balance)

L06 to R06 Adjust the left and right speaker balance.

LOUD *

(loudness)

Boost low and high frequencies to

LOUD ON or

LOUD OFF produce a well-balanced sound at a low volume level.

VOL (volume) Adjust the volume.

00 to 50

(or 00 to 30) *

*1 When you adjust the bass, treble, or loudness, the

adjustment you have made is stored for the currently selected sound mode including “USER.”

*2 If you are using a two-speaker system, set the fader level

to “00.”

*3 Depending on the amplifier gain control setting—AMP

GAIN.

Finish.

Symptoms Remedies/Causes

• Sound cannot be heard from the speakers. • Adjust the volume to the optimum level.

• Check the cords and connections.

General

• This unit does not work at all. Reset the unit.

• SSM automatic presetting does not work. Store stations manually.

FM/AM

• Static noise while listening to the radio. Connect the aerial firmly.

• Disc cannot be played back. Insert the disc correctly.

• CD-R/CD-RW cannot be played back.

• Tracks on the CD-R/CD-RW cannot be

skipped.

• Insert a finalized CD-R/CD-RW.

• Finalize the CD-R/CD-RW with the component which you used

• Disc can be neither played back nor ejected. • Unlock the disc.

• Eject the disc forcibly.

• Disc sound is sometimes interrupted. • Stop playback while driving on rough roads.

Disc playback

• Change the disc.

• Check the cords and connections.

• “NO DISC” appears on the display. Insert a playable disc into the loading slot.

• “PLEASE” and “EJECT” appear alternately

Press

on the display.

• Disc cannot be played back. • Use a disc with MP3/WMA tracks recorded in a format compliant

• Add the extension code <.mp3> or <.wma> to the file names.

INSTRUCTIONS

for recording.

0, then insert a disc correctly.

with ISO 9660 Level 1, Level 2, Romeo, or Joliet.

Indication Item ( : Initial) Setting

DEMO • DEMO ON

: The display demonstration will be activated automatically if no

operation is done for about 20 seconds.

CLK DISP *

• DEMO OFF

• ON

: Cancels.

: The clock time is shown on the display at all times when the power is

turned off.

• OFF

: Cancels; pressing DISP will show the clock time for about 5 seconds

when the power is turned off.

CLOCK H (Hour) 0 – 23 (1 – 12) : [Initial: 0 (0:00)]

CLOCK M (Minute) 00 – 59 : [Initial: 00 (0:00)]

24H/12H • 24H

: See “Basic settings.”

• 12H

CLK ADJ *

• AUTO

: The built-in clock is automatically adjusted using the CT (clock time)

data in the Radio Data System signal.

AF-REG *

• OFF

• AF

: Cancels.

: When the currently received signals become weak, the unit switches

to another station (the programme may differ from the one currently received).

• The AF indicator lights up.

• AF REG

: When the currently received signals become weak, the unit switches to

another station broadcasting the same programme.

• The AF and REG indicators light up.

• OFF

PTY-STBY *

TA VOL *

OFF, PTY codes Activates PTY Standby Reception with one of the PTY codes.

VOL 00 – VOL 50 (or VOL 00 – VOL 30) *

P-SEARCH *

• ON

• OFF

DIMMER • ON

• OFF

TEL • MUTING 1/

: Cancels.

[Initial: VOL 15]

: Activates Programme Search. : Cancels.

: Dims the display and button illumination. : Cancels.

: Select either one which mutes the sounds while using a cellular phone.

MUTING 2

SCROLL *

• OFF

• ONCE

• AUTO

• OFF

: Cancels.

: Scrolls the displayed information once. : Repeats scrolling (at 5-second intervals). : Cancels.

• Pressing DISP for more than one second can scroll the display regardless of the setting.

AUX ADJ A.ADJ 00

– A.ADJ 05

: Adjust the auxiliary input level to avoid the sudden increase of the

output level when changing the source to external component connected to the AUX input jack on the control panel.

TAG DISP • TAG ON

• TAG OFF

AMP GAIN • LOW PWR

: Shows the tag while playing MP3/WMA tracks. : Cancels.

: VOL 00 – VOL 30 (Select if the maximum power of each speaker is less

than 45 W to prevent the speaker from being damaged.)

• HIGH PWR

IF BAND • AUTO

: VOL 00 – VOL 50

: Increases the tuner selectivity to reduce interference noise between

adjacent stations. (The stereo effect may be lost.)

• WIDE

: Subject to the interference noise from adjacent stations, but the sound

quality will not be degraded and the stereo effect will remain.

If the power supply is not interrupted by turning off the ignition key of your car, it is recommended that you select “OFF” to

save the car’s battery.

*2 Only for FM Radio Data System stations. *3 Depends on the amplifier gain control. *4 Some characters or symbols will not be shown correctly (or will be blanked) on the display.

• Noise is generated. Skip to another track or change the disc. (Do not add the extension code <.mp3> or <.wma> to non-MP3 or WMA tracks.)

• A longer readout time is required

Do not use too many hierarchical levels and folders.

(“READING” keeps flashing on the display).

• Tracks are not played back in the order you

have intended.

MP3/WMA playback

Playback order is determined when the files are recorded.

• The elapsed playing time is not correct. This sometimes occurs during playback. This is caused by how the tracks are recorded on the disc.

• The correct characters are not displayed

(e.g. album name).

This unit can only display letters (upper case), numbers, and a limited number of symbols.

• Microsoft and Windows Media are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

SPECIFICATIONS

Audio amplifier section

Maximum Power Output: Front/Rear: 45 W per channel Continuous Power Output (RMS): Front/Rear: 17 W per channel into 4 Ω, 40 Hz to 20 000 Hz at no more than 0.8% total harmonic distortion. Load Impedance: 4 Ω (4 Ω to 8 Ω allowance) Tone Control Range: Bass: ±12 dB at 100 Hz Treble: ±12 dB at 10 kHz Frequency Response: 40 Hz to 20 000 Hz Signal-to-Noise Ratio: 70 dB Other Terminal: AUX (auxiliary) input jack

Tuner section

Frequency Range: FM1/2: 87.5 MHz to 108.0 MHz FM3: 65.00 MHz to 74.00 MHz AM: MW: 522 kHz to 1 620 kHz LW: 144 kHz to 279 kHz

[FM Tuner]

Usable Sensitivity: 11.3 dBf (1.0 μV/75 Ω) 50 dB Quieting Sensitivity: 16.3 dBf (1.8 μV/75 Ω) Alternate Channel Selectivity (400 kHz): 65 dB Frequency Response: 40 Hz to 15 000 Hz Stereo Separation: 30 dB

[MW Tuner]

Sensitivity/Selectivity: 20 μV/35 dB

[LW Tuner]

Sensitivity: 50 μV

3– EN

CD player section

Type: Compact disc player Signal Detection System: Non-contact optical pickup

(semiconductor laser) Number of channels: 2 channels (stereo) Frequency Response: 5 Hz to 20 000 Hz Dynamic Range: 93 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio: 98 dB Wow and Flutter: Less than measurable limit MP3 Decoding Format: (MPEG1/2 Audio Layer 3) Max. Bit Rate: 320 kbps WMA (Windows Media® Audio) Decoding Format: Max. Bit Rate: 192 kbps

General

Power Requirement: Operating Voltage:

(11 V to 16 V allowance) Grounding System: Negative ground Allowable Operating Temperature: 0°C to +40°C Dimensions (W × H × D): Installation Size (approx.): 182 mm × 52 mm × 160 mm Panel Size (approx.): 188 mm × 58 mm × 13 mm Mass (approx.):

1.3 kg (excluding accessories)

Design and specifications are subject to change without notice.

DC 14.4 V

Page 4

PREPARATION

INSTALLATION

This unit is designed to operate on 12 V DC, NEGATIVE ground electrical systems. If your vehicle does not have this system, a voltage inverter is required,

which can be purchased at JVC IN-CAR ENTERTAINMENT dealers.

WARNINGS

To prevent short circuits, we recommend that you disconnect the battery’s negative terminal and make all electrical connections before installing the unit.

• Be sure to ground this unit to the car’s chassis again after installation.

Notes:

• Replace the fuse with one of the specified rating. If the fuse blows frequently, consult your JVC IN-CAR ENTERTAINMENT dealer.

• It is recommended to connect to the speakers with maximum power of more than 45 W (both at the rear and at the front, with an impedance of 4 Ω to 8 Ω). If the maximum power is less than 45 W, change “AMP GAIN” setting to prevent the speakers from being damaged (see “General settings—PSM”).

• To prevent short-circuit, cover the terminals of the UNUSED leads with insulating tape.

• The heat sink becomes very hot after use. Be careful not to touch it when removing this unit.

Heat sink

Parts list for installation and connection

A/B

Control panel/ Hard case

Sleeve

Trim plate

The following illustration shows a typical installation. If you have any questions or require information regarding installation kits, consult your JVC IN-CAR ENTERTAINMENT dealer or a company supplying kits.

• If you are not sure how to install this unit correctly, have it installed by a qualified technician.

In dash-mounting

When you stand the unit, be careful not to damage the fuse on the rear.

Do the required electrical connections.

Bend the appropriate tabs to hold the sleeve firmly in place.

Removing the unit

Before removing the unit, release the rear section.

INSTALLATION / CONNECTION

Power cord

Mounting bolt

Washer (ø5)

Rubber cushion

Lock nut (M5)

Handles

(M4 × 5 mm ; M5 × 12.5 mm)

ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS

Typical connections

Before connecting: Check the wiring in the vehicle carefully. Incorrect connection may cause serious damage to this

unit. The leads of the power cord and those of the connector from the car body may be different in color.

1 Connect the colored leads of the power cord in the order specified in the illustration below. 2 Connect the aerial cord. 3 Finally connect the wiring harness to the unit.

Note: If your vehicle does not have any accessory terminal, move the fuse from the fuse position 1 (initial position) to fuse position 2, and connect the red lead (A7) to the positive (+) battery terminal.

• The yellow lead (A4) is not used in this case.

Aerial

terminal

Connect only the front speakers if your speaker system is two-speaker system.

15 A fuse

Rear ground terminal

Black

Fuse position 2

Fuse position 1

Ignition switch

To the metallic body or chassis of the car

When using the optional stay

Fire wall

Dashboard

Stay (option)

Screw (option)

Install the unit at an angle of less than 30˚.

When installing the unit without using the sleeve

In a Toyota car for example, first remove the car radio and install the unit in its place.

Flat type screws (M5 × 8 mm)*

Bracket*

Flat type screws (M5

Pocket

Bracket*

PRECAUTIONS on power supply and speaker connections

× 8 mm)*

* Not supplied for this unit.

Front speaker (left)

Front speaker (right)

Rear speaker (left)

Rear speaker (right)

White with black stripe

White

Gray with black stripe

Gray

Green with black stripe

Green

Purple with black stripe

Purple

To a live terminal in the fuse block connecting to the

Yellow *

Red

Blue with white stripe

Brown

*1 Not supplied for this unit.

Before checking the operation of this unit prior to installation, this

car battery (bypassing the ignition switch) (constant 12 V)

To an accessory terminal in the fuse block

To the remote lead of other equipment or power aerial if any (200 mA max.)

To cellular phone system

Fuse block

lead must be connected, otherwise the power cannot be turned on.

TROUBLESHOOTING

• The fuse blows. * Are the red and black leads connected correctly?

• Power cannot be turned on. * Is the yellow lead connected?

• No sound from the speakers. * Is the speaker output lead short-circuited?

• Sound is distorted. * Is the speaker output lead grounded? * Are the “–” terminals of L and R speakers grounded in common?

• Noise interfere with sounds. * Is the rear ground terminal connected to the car’s chassis using shorter and thicker cords?

• This unit becomes hot. * Is the speaker output lead grounded? * Are the “–” terminals of L and R speakers grounded in common?

• This unit does not work at all. * Have you reset your unit?

4 – EN