Juniper Networks M10, M5 User Manual

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M5 and M10 Internet

Routers

Hardware Guide

Juniper Networks, Inc.

1194 North Mathilda Avenue

Sunnyvale, California 94089

USA

408-745-2000

www.juniper.net

Part Number : 530–007247–01, Revision 3

This product includes the Envoy SNMP Engine, developed by Epilogue Technology, an Integrated Systems Company. Copyright © 1986-1997, Epilogue Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. This program and its documentation were developed at private expense, and no part of them is in the public domain.

This product includes FreeBSD software developed by the University of California, Berkeley, and its contributors. All of the documentation and software included in the 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite Releases is copyrighted by the Regents of the University of California. Copyright © 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994. The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.

3.0 by Cornell University and its collaborators. Gated is based on Kirton’s EGP, UC Berkeley’s routing daemon (routed), and DCN’s HELLO routing protocol. Development of Gated has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation. Portions of the GateD software copyright © 1988, Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Portions of the GateD software copyright © 1991, D. L. S. Associa tes.

Juniper Networks is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in other countries as a trademark of Juniper Networks, Inc. ERX, ESP, E-series, Internet Processor, J-Protect, JUNOS, JUNOScript, JUNOSe, M5, M7i, M10, M10i, M20, M40, M40e, M160, M-series, NMC-RX, SDX, T320, T640, and T-series are trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, servicemarks, registered trademarks, or registered service marks

M5 and M10 Internet Routers: Hardware Guide

are the property of their respective owners. All specifications are subject to change without notice.

rved. Printed in USA.

Writ er : Tony Ma uro Editor: Stella Illustrator: Faith Bradford Covers and Template Design: Edmonds Design

Revision History 30 June 2003—Corrected and added component information. 07 October 2002—Corrected and added new component information. 12 March 2002—New edition—Changed book name and added PIC-related information. 03 Decembe r 2001—Fourth edition—Corrected AC power measurements. 10 May 2001—Third e 29 September 2000—Second edition—Corrected AC plug figure. 27 July 2000—First edition.

The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.

Juniper Networks a otherwise revise this publication without notice.

Products made or so M160, and T320 routers, T640 routing node, and the JUNOS and SDX-300 software) or components thereof might be covered by one or more of the following patents that are owned by or licensed to Juniper Networks: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,473,599, 5,905,725, 5,909,440, 6,192,051, 6,333,650, 6,359,479, 6,406,312, 6,429,706, 6,459,579, 6,493,347, 6,538,518, 6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.

YEAR 2000 NOTICE

Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS software has no known time-related limitations through the year

2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.

Hackell

dition—Added four-post rack mounting instructions.

ssumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer or

ld by Juniper Networks (including the ERX-310, ERX-705, ERX-710, ERX-1410, ERX-1440, M5, M7i, M10, M10i, M20, M40, M40e,

Table of Con

tents

About This Manual .......................................... ............................................... ...... xv

Objectives

Audience.......................................... ............................................... ...... xv

Document Org

Documentation Conventions. ............................................... .........................xvi

List of Techni

Documentation Feedback ............... .............................................. ...............xix

How to Request S

Part 1

Product Overview

Chapter 1

System Overvi

System Description .............. .............................................. ........................ 3

Field-Replac

Safety Requirements, Warnings, and Guidelines ........................ ............................. 4

................................ ............................................ ................. xv

anization ......................... ............................................ .........xvi

General Conve

Notes, Cautions, and Warnings.............................................. ...................xvii

............................... ........................................... ........................ 3

ntions................... .............................................. ............xvi

cal Publications.......................................................... ..............xvii

upport................. ............................................ .................xix

eable Units (FRUs).......................... ............................................ .. 3

Chapter 2

Hardware Component Overview .. ............................................... .......................... 5

Chassis ................... .............................................. ................................ 5

Packet Forwarding Engine.......... .............................................. ..................... 8

Midplane ................. ............................................ ............................. 8

Physical Interface Cards (PICs)........ ........................................... ................ 9

PIC Components................................................... ......................... 10

Flexible PIC Concentrators (FPCs) ............................................. ................. 10

Forwarding Engine Board (FEB)..................... ............................................ 10

FEB Components .............................. ............................................ . 11

Routing Engine........................... .............................................. ............... 12

Routing Engine Components................................................ .................... 13

Craft Interface.............. ............................................... ............................ 14

Alarm LEDs and Lamp Test Button ...................... ....................................... 15

Routing Engine Interface Ports and Status Indicators................... ....................... 15

PIC Offline Buttons ....................... .............................................. ......... 16

Ta b l e o f C on t e nt s

iii

Power Supplies...................... .............................................. .................... 16

AC Power Supply.................................... ............................................. 17

DC Power Supply ...................... .............................................. ............ 18

Power Supply LEDs and Self-test Button.................... .................................... 19

Fan Tray .......................................... ............................................... ...... 19

Cable Management System . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 20

Chapter 3

JUNOS Internet Software Overview ............................. ....................................... 21

Routing Engine Software Components ............... .............................................. . 21

Routing Protocol Process.............. .............................................. ............ 22

IPv4 Routing Protocols ...................... .............................................. . 22

IPv6 Routing Protocols ...................... .............................................. . 24

Routing and Forwarding Tables ..... .............................................. ......... 24

Routing Policy.................................. ............................................. 25

VPNs...................... ............................................... ......................... 26

Interface Process............................... ............................................ ...... 26

Chassis Process ....... ............................................... ............................ 26

SNMP and MIB II Processes ................... ............................................ ...... 26

Management Process. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... ... .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 27

Routing Engine Kernel............................................... ............................ 27

Tools for Accessing and Configuring the Software.................................................. .27

Tools for Monitoring the Software..................... .............................................. .27

Software Upgrades.................................. .............................................. .... 28

Chapter 4

System Architecture Overview ... ............................................... ......................... 29

Packet Forwarding E

Data Flow through the Packet Forwarding Engine ............................... .............. 30

RoutingEngineArch

Routing Engine Functions ..................................... .................................. 32

ngine Architecture............ .............................................. .... 29

itecture..................... ............................................... ...... 31

Part 2

Initial Installation

Chapter 5

Prepare for Router Installation......... .............................................. .................... 37

Rack Requirements

Rack Size and Strength ................... .............................................. ......... 37

Spacing of Mounting

Connection to Building Structure ................................... ............................ 39

Clearance Requirem

Router Environmental Tolerances..................... .............................................. . 40

Fire Safety Requirem

Fire Suppression .......................... .............................................. ......... 41

Fire Suppression Equ

................................. ............................................ ...... 37

Holes............................................. ......................... 39

ents for Airflow and Hardware Maintenance.................................. 40

ents............. ............................................... ................. 41

ipment .................................. .................................. 41

iv M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Power Guidelines, Requirements, and Specifications ................ ............................... 42

Site Electrical Wiring Guidelines ........... ............................................... ...... 43

Distance Limitations for Signaling ............. ............................................ 43

Radio Frequency Interference ................ ............................................ . 43

Electromagnetic Compatibility.............................. ............................... 43

Router Power Requirements ........................................ ............................ 43

AC Grounding and Power Cord Specifications................................. ................. 45

DC Grounding, Connection, and Cable Specifications ................ ......................... 46

Network Cable Specifications and Guidelines ........................... ............................ 48

Fiber Optic and Network Cable Specifications ....... .......................................... 48

Signal Loss in Multimode and Single-Mode Fiber-Optic Cable................................. 48

Attenuation and Dispersion in Fiber-Optic Cable ..................... ......................... 49

Calculating Power Budget for Fiber-Optic Cable....................... ......................... 49

Calculating Power Margin for Fiber-Optic Cable............................ .................... 50

Attenuate to Prevent Saturation at SONET/SDH PICs .......................................... 51

Cable Specifications for Routing Engine Management Interfaces ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 52

Site Preparation Checklist ........................................ .................................... 52

Chapter 6

Unpack the Router............ ............................................... .................................... 55

Tools Required ... .............................................. ....................................... 55

Unpack the Router ............................... ............................................... ...... 55

Choose Front or Cente

r Mounting ....................................... ............................ 57

Chapter 7

Install the Router ................ .............................................. .................................. 59

Tools and Parts Required ...................... .............................................. ......... 59

Install the Chassis into the Rack............................... ....................................... 59

Chapter 8

Connect the Router and Perform Initial Configuration............... ....................... 61

Tools and Parts Required ...................... .............................................. ......... 61

Connect the Router to Management Devices. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 61

Connect to a Network for Out-of-Band Management ... ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. ... . .. . .. . .. 62

Connect to a Management Console or Auxiliary D evice . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 63

Connect PIC Cables .................................... ........................................... .... 63

Provide Power to the Router................................... ....................................... 65

Connect Power to an AC-Powered Router ............................. ......................... 65

Connect Power to a DC-Powered Router.................................................. ...... 66

Power On the Router ..................... .............................................. ......... 67

Configure the JUNOS Internet Software............... ........................................... .... 69

Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s

Part 3

Hardware Maintenance, Replacement, and Troubleshooting Procedures

Chapter 9

Maintain Hardware Components .......................... .............................................. . 75

Routine Maintenance Procedures.......... .............................................. ............ 75

Maintain the Fan Tray.......................... .............................................. ......... 75

Maintain Packet Forwarding Engine Components............................ ....................... 76

Maintain the FEB.......................... .............................................. ......... 76

Maintain PICs and PIC Cables. ........................................... ....................... 76

Maintain the Power Supplies ....................... .............................................. .... 78

Maintain the Routing Engine ............................. ............................................ 79

Chapter 10

Replace Hardw

are Components

Tools and Parts Required ...................... .............................................. ......... 81

Replace the Fa

Remove the Fan Tray .................. ........................................... ............... 82

Install the Fan

Replace Packet Forwarding Engine Components..................... ............................... 84

Replace the FEB

Replace a PIC ..................................... .............................................. . 87

Replace PIC Cable

Replace an SFP.............................. ............................................... ...... 95

Replace Power Syste

Replace an AC Power Supply............................. ....................................... 98

Disconnect and Conne

Replace an AC Power Cord ....................... ........................................... ...103

Replace a DC Power Supp

Disconnect and Connect DC Power............................................... .............108

Replace Routing Engine C

Remove and Insert the PC Card.......................................... ...................... 112

n Tray.............................................. .................................... 82

Tray.......... ............................................ ......................... 83

Remove the FEB .......................... .............................................. .... 85

Install the FEB .................................... .......................................... 8

Remove a PIC.... ............................................... ............................ 87

Install a PIC ............ .............................................. ....................... 89

Remove a PIC Cable... .............................................. ....................... 92

Install a PIC Cable

Remove an SFP ........................................... .................................. 95

Install an SFP .. .............................................. ............................... 96

m Components ........................................ ......................... 98

Remove an AC Power Sup

Install an AC Power Supply............................................. ...................100

Disconnect AC Power from the Router ........................ ...........................102

Connect AC Power to the

Remove a DC Power Supply......................... ......................................104

Install a DC Power Suppl

Disconnect DC Power from

Connect DC Power to the Router ................................. ........................ 110

Remove the PC Card ....... ............................................... ................ 113

................................ .......................................... 81

................................ ............................................ ...... 84

s ......... .............................................. ....................... 92

................................ .......................................... 93

ply ............ .............................................. .... 99

ct AC Power ...................... ...................................... 101

Router............................ ..............................102

ly ......................................... ...........................104

y........... ........................................... ...........106

the Router..... ..............................................109

omponents ........................... ................................... 112

vi M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Insert the PC Card .. ............................................... ........................ 114

Replace the Routing Engine... ........................................... ...................... 115

Remove the Routing Engine ...................................... ........................ 115

Install the Routing Engine..................... ............................................ 116

Replace Connectors to Routing Engine Interface Ports ....................................... 118

Replace the Management E thernet Cable ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 118

Replace the Console or Auxiliary Cable................................ ................... 119

Chapter 11

Troubleshoot Hardware Components ................... ........................................... ...121

Overview of Trou

Command-Line Interface ...................................... .................................121

LEDs .............................. ............................................... ................122

LEDs on the Craft Interface ............................................ ...................122

LEDs on Hardware C

Hardware and Interface Alarm Messages. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .122

Juniper Networks T

Troubleshoot the Fan Tray............... .............................................. ..............124

Tro u b le s ho o t Pack

Troubleshoot the FEB............ ............................................ ...................125

Troubleshoot PICs.................................................... ...........................1

Troubleshoot the Power System............................... ......................................125

LED on Both Supplies I

LED on One Supply Is Off.. .............................................. ......................126

bleshooting Resources ...................................... ......................121

omponents.................................. ........................122

echnical Assistance Center ............................................. ...124

et Forwarding Engine Components............... ..............................124

s Off.............. ........................................... ...........126

Part 4

Appendixes

Appendix A

Safety and Regulatory Compliance Information.... ...........................................129

Definition of Safet

Safety Guidelines and Warnings............................................. ........................131

General Safety Guid

Qualified Personnel Warning................................ ..............................132

Restricted Access Ar

Prevent Electrostatic Discharge Damage ...................... ...........................134

Electrical Safety Gu

General Electrical Safety Guidelines ................... ...................................136

AC Power Electrical Sa

DC Power Electrical Safety Guidelines......... ...........................................137

Copper Conductors War

DC Power Disconnection Warning..................... ...................................138

DC Power Grounding Requ

DC Power Wiring Sequence Warning............ .........................................140

DC Power Wiring Terminat

Grounded Equipment Warning ................................... ........................142

In Case of Electrical Acc

Midplane Energy Hazard Warning .......... ..............................................143

Multiple Power Supplies D

y Warning Levels...................... ...........................................129

elines and Warnings ........ ..............................................131

ea Warning .... .............................................. ........133

idelines and Warnings.....................................................135

fety Guidelines ................................. ...................136

ning ..................................... ........................138

irements and Warning .......................................139

ions Warning ................ .................................141

ident ....... ........................................... ...........143

isconnection Warning ............. ...........................144

Ta b l e o f C on t e nt s

vii

Power Disconnection Warning...... ........................................... ...........144

TN and IT Power Warning........................... ......................................145

Installation Safety Guidelines and Warnings ............................................. .....146

Chassis Lifting Guidelines ........................ .........................................146

Installation Instructions Warning ........ ............................................ .....147

Rack-Mounting Requirements and Warnings.............................................147

Ramp Warning................................. ............................................151

Laser and LED Safety Guidelines and Warnings...............................................152

General Laser Safety Guidelines........................................ ...................152

Class 1 Laser Product Warning................................. ...........................153

Class 1 LED Product Warning. .............................................. ..............153

Laser Beam Warning .......... .............................................. ..............154

Radiation From Open Port Apertures Warning..................... ......................154

Maintenance and Operational Safety Guidelines and Warnings..............................155

Battery Handling Warning................................... ..............................155

Jewelry Removal Warning ................................... ..............................156

Lightning Activity Warning ........................................ ........................157

Operating Temperature Warning.......................................... ................158

Product Disposal Warning........................................... ......................159

Agency Approvals................ .............................................. ......................160

Compliance Statements for EMC Requirements................................. ...................161

Canada ........................... ............................................... ................161

European Community ....................................... ...................................161

Japan ........................................... .............................................. ...161

Taiwan.................... ............................................... ........................161

United States ................................ ............................................... .....162

Appendix B

Return the Router or Its Components ................................. ..............................163

Tools and Parts Required ...................... .............................................. ........163

Return Procedure ........................ .............................................. ..............163

Locate Component Serial Numbers ............. ............................................... .....164

FEB Serial Number ID Label................................................. ...................165

PIC Serial Number ID Label ...................... ..............................................165

Power Supply Serial Number ID Label............. ............................................166

Routing Engine Serial Number ID Label .......................................... .............167

Pack the Router for Shipment ......................................... ..............................168

Pack Components for Shipment ............................................ ........................169

Appendix C

Cable Connector Pinouts .... ............................................ ...................................171

RJ-45 Connector Pinouts

DB-9 Connector Pinouts for the Routing Engine AUX/MODEM and CONSOLE Ports... ... ... ... .171

RJ-48 Cable Pinouts for E

RJ-21 Cable Pinouts for Fast Ethernet 12-Port PIC..................................................175

for the Routing Engine MGMT Port.................................... ..171

1 and T1 PICs ......................................... ...................172

Part 5

Index ................................. ............................................ ......................................177

viii M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Index

Index ................................. ............................................ ......................................179

Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s

x M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

List of Figures

List of Figur

Figure 1: Front of M5 Chassis..................................... .............................................. ................ 6

Figure 2: Fro

Figure 3: Rear of Chassis..................................... .............................................. ..................... 7

Figure 4: Mid

Figure 5: Forwarding Engine Board..................................................... ....................................... 12

Figure 6: Rout

Figure 7: Craft Interface ........................................... ............................................ ................. 14

Figure 8: AC Pow

Figure 9: DC Power Supply..................... ............................................ .................................... 18

Figure 10: Airf

Figure 11: Cable Management System .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20

Figure 12: Syste

Figure 13: Packet Forwarding Engine Components and Data Flow..... ............................................... ...... 31

Figure 14: Routin

Figure 15: Control Packet Handling for Routing and Forwarding Table Updates .. .......................................... 33

Figure 16: Typical

Figure 17: Chassis Dimensions and Clearance Requirements ................................ ............................... 40

Figure 18: AC Plug T

Figure 19: DC Power and Grounding Cable Connections................... .............................................. .... 47

Figure 20: Unpack th

Figure 21: Routing Engine Management Ports. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. . .. . 62

Figure 22: Routing E

Figure 23: Console and Auxiliary Serial Port Connector................. ............................................... ...... 63

Figure 24: Attach Cab

Figure 25: Connect DC Power and Grounding Cables ...... .............................................. .................... 67

Figure 26: Remove the F

Figure 27: Install the Fan Tray ...... ............................................ .............................................. . 84

Figure 28: Remove the F

Figure 29: Install the FEB ........................... ............................................... ............................ 87

Figure 30: Remove a PIC............ ............................................ .............................................. . 8

Figure 31: Install a PIC ............................................ ............................................ ................. 92

Figure 32: Connect Fibe

Figure 33: Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) .. ... . .. ... . .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... . .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . .. . ... ... ... ... ... 95

Figure 34: Remove an AC Po

Figure 35: Install an AC Power Supply............................... .............................................. ...........101

Figure 36: Remove a DC Powe

Figure 37: Install a DC Power Supply............................. .............................................. ..............108

Figure 38: Connect Power C

Figure 39: Connect Power Cables to a DC Power Supply..... ............................................... ................ 112

Figure 40: Remove the PC Car

Figure 41: Insert the PC Card .... ............................................... .............................................. 115

Figure 42: Remove the Routi

Figure 43: Install the Routing Engine.................. ............................................... ........................ 118

Figure 44: Routing Engine In

Figure 45: Ethernet Cable Connector................................................ ......................................... 119

Figure 46: Serial Port Connec

Figure 47: Place a Component into an Electrostatic Bag ... .............................................. ...................135

Figure 48: Serial Number ID La

nt of M10 Chassis ............. ............................................ ........................................ 6

plane.................................................... .............................................. ............. 9

ing Engine.................... ............................................... .................................... 14

er Supply ........................................... .............................................. ............ 17

low through the Chassis ........................ ............................................... ................. 19

m Architecture ........................... .............................................. ....................... 29

g Engine Architecture .. .............................................. ....................................... 32

Center-Mount Rack.......................................................... ............................... 39

ypes. ............................................... .............................................. ......... 46

e Router..................... .............................................. ............................... 56

ngine Ethernet Cable Connector ......................... .............................................. . 63

le to a PIC ............................. .............................................. .................... 65

an Tray .......................................... ............................................... ...... 83

EB .................................... ............................................... ................. 86

r-Optic Cable to a PIC......................... .............................................. ......... 95

wer Supply ............................ ........................................... ..............100

r Supply................................. ........................................... ...........106

ables to a DC Power Supply........... ............................................ .............108

d ........................................ .............................................. ........ 114

ng Engine ..................................... .............................................. ... 116

terface Ports and Alarm Relay Contacts ................... ................................... 118

tor..................................... ........................................... ..............120

bel ............................... .............................................. ..............165

List of Figures

Figure 49: FEB Serial Number ID Label ..................... ........................................... ......................165

Figure 50: PIC

Figure 51: AC Power Supply Serial Number ID Label ............ ............................................ ................166

Figure 52: DC Po

Figure 53: Routing Engine 333 Serial Number ID Label ....................................... ..............................167

Figure 54: Routi

Figure 55: Fast Ethernet 12-port PIC ..... ........................................... .........................................175

Figure 56: VHDCI

Serial Number ID Label ................ ............................................... ........................166

wer Supply Serial Number ID Label.......................................................... ..............167

ng Engine 600 Serial Number ID Label .................................... .................................168

to RJ-21 Cable............................................................. .................................175

xii M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

List of Tables

Table 1: Juniper Networks Technical Documentation ...................................... .....................................

Table 2: Field-Replaceable Units .................. .............................................. ................................ 4

Table 3: Chassis Physical Specifications ............................................. ........................................... 7

Table 4: Alarm LEDs and Lamp Test Button .................. ............................................... ................. 15

Table 5: Electrical Specifications for AC Power Supply...................................... .................................. 18

Table 6: Electrical Specifications for DC Power Supply ..................... .............................................. .... 18

Table 7: States for Power Supply LED................................................ .......................................... 19

Table 8: Router Environmental Tolerances .... .............................................. .................................. 40

Table 9: Component Power Requirements ....................... ............................................... .............. 44

Table 10: AC Power Cord Specifications .......... .............................................. ............................... 45

Table 11: DC Power and Grounding Cable Specifications... .............................................. .................... 46

Table 12: Estimated Values for Factors Causing Link Loss ...................... ........................................... .50

Table 13: Cable Specifications for Routing Engine Management Interfaces ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 52

Table 14: Site Preparation Checklist ................... ............................................ ............................ 52

Table 15: Generic Inventory of Router Components.......... ............................................... ................. 56

Table 16: Tools and Parts Required ............ .............................................. .................................. 81

Table 17: Chassis Alarm Messages.. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... ... ... .. . ..123

Table 18: SONET/SDH Interface Alarm Messages .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... ... .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... ... ...123

Table 19: RJ-45 Connector Pinout....................................... .............................................. ........171

Table 20: DB-9 Connector Pinout ......... .............................................. ......................................172

Table 21: RJ-48 Connector to RJ-48 Connector (Straight) Pinout ........................... .................................172

Table 22: RJ-48 Connector to RJ-48 Connector (Crossover) Pinout.................................. ........................173

Table 23: RJ-48 Connector to DB-15 Connector (Straight) Pinout ........................................... ................174

Table 24: RJ-48 Connector to DB-15 Connector (Crossover) Pinout...................... ...................................174

Table 25: RJ-21 Pin Assignments........................................ .............................................. ........176

List of Tables

xiii

List of Tables

xiv M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

About This Manual

This chapter provides a high-level overview of the M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide:

• Objectives on page xv

• Audience on page xv

• Document Organization on page xvi

Objectives

• Documentatio

n Conventions on page xvi

• List of Technical Publications on page xvii

• Documentation Feedback on page xix

• How to Request Support on page xix

This manual explains the hardware installation and basic troubleshooting for the M5 and M10 Internet routers. It contains procedures for preparing your site for router installation, unpacking and installing the hardware, starting up the router, performing initial software configuration, and doing routine maintenance and upgrades. After completing the installation and basic configuration procedures covered in this manual, refer to the JUNOS Internet software configuration guides for information about fu rther configuring the JUNOS software.

To obtain additional information about Juniper Networks Internet routers and the Physical Interface Cards (PICs) they support—either corrections to information in this manual or information that might have been omitted from this manual—refer to the hardware release notes.

To obtain the most current version of this manual, the most current version of the hardware release notes, an d other Juniper Networks technical d ocumentation, refer to the product documentation page on the Juniper Networks Web site, which is located at

http://www.juniper.net.

Audience

To order printed copies of this manual or to order a documentation CD-ROM, which contains this manual, please contact your sales representative.

This manual is designed for network administrators who are installing and maintaining a Juniper Networks router, or preparing a site for router installation. It assumes a broad understanding o f networks in general, the Internet in particular, networking principles, and

About This Manual

Documentation Co

nventions

network configuration. Any detailed discussion of these concepts is beyond the scope of this manual.

Document Organization

This manual is divided into several parts:

• Preface "About This Manual" (this chapter), provides a brief description of the contents

• Part 1, "Product Overview," provides an overview of the router, describing its hardware

• Part 2, "Initial Installation," describes how to prepare your site for router installation,

and organization of this manual and describes how to contact customer support.

components, the JUNOS Internet software, and the system architecture.

and how to unpack, install, and power on the router. It describes requirements and specificati provides detailed safety guidelines and warnings.

ons for the installation site, power source, rack, wiring, and cabling. It also

Documentat

General Con

• Part 3, "Hard

describes how to maintain, replace, and troubleshoot router components.

This manual

ion Conventions

ventions

This manual uses t he following text conventions:

• Router and router component labels are shown in a sans serif font. In the following

example, ETHERNET is the label for the Ethernet management port on the router:

The 10/100-Mbps Ethernet RJ-45 connector is used for out-of-band management of the router and is labeled ETHERNET.

• Statements, commands, filenames, directory names, IP addresses, and configuration

hierarchy l evels are shown in a sans serif font. In the following example, stub is a statement

Toconfigureastubarea,includethestub statement at the [edit protocols ospf area area-id ] h

ware Maintenance, Replacement, and Troubleshooting Procedures,"

also contains a complete index.

name and [edit protocols ospf area area-id] is a configuration hierarchy level:

ierarchy level.

• In examples, text that you type literally is shown in bold. In the following example, you

type the wo

For example, you can use the following command to get information about the source of an alar

rds show chassis alarms:

m condition:

user@host> show chassis alarms

xvi M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Notes, Cautions, and Warnings

List of Technical

Publications

Notes, cautio

ns, and warnings are denoted by the following symbols:

A note indicates information that might be helpful in a particular situation or that might oth

A caution indicates a situation that requires careful attention. Failure to observe a cautionary note could result in minor injury or discomfort to yourself, or serious damage to the router.

A warning indicates a potentially dangerous situation. Failure to follow the guidelines in a warning could result in severe injury or death.

erwise be overlooked.

List of Technical Publications

Ta b l e 1 l contents of each book.

Table 1: Juniper Networks Technical Documentation

ists the software and hardware books for Juniper Networks routers and describes the

Book Description

JUNOS Internet Software Configuration Guides

Feature Guide

Getting Started

Network Interfaces and Class of Service

s a detailed explanation and configuration examples for

Provide several of the most complex features in the JUNOS software.

Provides an overview of the JUNOS Internet software and describes how to install and upgrade the software. This manual also describes how to configure system management functions and how to configure the chassis, including user accounts, passwords, and redundancy.

Provides an overview of the network interface and class-of-service functions of the JUNOS Internet software and describes how to configure the network interfaces on the router.

About This Manual xvii

List of Technical

Publications

Book Description

MPLS Applications

Multicast

Network Management

Policy Framework

Routing and Routing Protocols

Services Interfaces

VPNs

JUNOS Internet Software References

Operational Mode Command Reference: Interfaces

Operational Mode Command Reference: Protocols, Class of Service, Chassis, and Management

System Log Messages Reference

JUNOScript API Documentation

JUNOScript API Guide

JUNOScript API Reference

JUNOS Internet Software Comprehensive Index and Glossary

Comprehensive Index and Glossary

Hardware Documentation

Hardware Guide

PIC Guide

Provides an overview of traffic engineering concepts and describes how to configure traffic engineering protocols.

Provides an overview of multicast concepts and describes how to configure multicast routing protocols.

Provides an overview of network management concepts and describes how

to configure various network management

features, such as SNMP, accounting options, and cflowd.

Provides an overview of policy concepts and describes how to configure routing policy, firewall filters, and forwarding options.

Provides an overview of routing concepts and describes how to configure routing, routing instances, and unicast routing protocols.

Provides an o

verview of the services interfaces functions of the JUNOSsoftwareanddescribeshowtoconfiguretheservices interfaces o

ntherouter.

Provides an overview and describes how to configure Layer 2 and Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS), and Layer 2 circuits. Provides configuration examples.

Describes the JUNOS Internet so ftware operational mode commands yo

u use to monitor and troubleshoot network and services interfaces on Juniper Networks M-series and T-series routers.

Describes the JUNOS Internet so ftware operational mode commands you use to monitor and troubleshoot most aspects of Juniper Networks M-series and T-series routers.

Describes how to access and interpret system log messages generated by JUNOS software modules and provides a reference page for each message.

Describes how to use the JUNOScript API to monitor and configure Juniper Networks routers.

Provides a reference page for each tag in the JUNOScript API.

Provides a complete index of all JUNOS Internet software books and the JUNOScript API Guide.Alsoprovidesa comprehensive glossary.

Describes how to install, maintain, and troubleshoot routers and router components. Each platform has its own hardware guide.

Describes the router Physical Interface Cards (PICs). Each router platform has its own PIC guide.

xviii M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Book Description

JUNOScope Software Documentation

JUNOScope Software Guide

Release Notes

JUNOS Internet Software Release Notes

Hardware Release Notes

JUNOScope Software Release Notes

Describes the JUNOScope software graphical user interface (GUI), how to install and administer the software, and how to use the software to manage router configuration files and monitor router operations.

Provide a summary of new features for a particular software release. Software release notes also contain corrections and updates to published JUNOS and JUNOScript manuals, provide information that might have been omitted from the manuals, and describe upgrade and downgrade procedures.

Describe the available documentation for the router platform and summarize known problems with t he hardware and accompanying software. Each platform has its own release notes.

Contain corr manual, provide information that might have been omitted from the manu procedures.

How to Request Sup

ections and updates to the published JUNOScope

al, and describe upgrade and downgrade

port

Documentation Feedback

We are always interested in hearing from our customers. Please let us know what you like and do not like about the Juniper Networks documentation, and let us know of any suggestions you have for improving the documentation. Also, let us know if you find any mistakes in the documentation. Send your feedback to techpubs-comments@juniper.net.

How to Request Support

For technical support, contact Juniper Networks at support@juniper.net, or at 1-888-314-JTAC (within the United States) or 1-408-745-9500 (from outside the United States).

About This Manual

xix

How to Request Sup

port

xx M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Part 1

Product Overview

• System Overview on page 3

• Hardware Component Overview on page 5

• JUNOS I nternet Software Overview on page 21

• System Architecture Overview on page 29

2 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Chapter 1

System Overview

This chapter provides an overview of the Juniper Networks M5 and M10 Internet routers, discussing

• System Description on page 3

• Field-Replaceable Units (FRUs) on page 3

• Safety Requirements, Warnings, and Guidelines on page 4

System Description

The M5 and M10 Internet routers provide high-speed interfaces for medium and large networks and network applications, such as those supported by Internet service providers (ISPs). Application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), a definitive part of the router design, enable the router to forward data at the high speeds demanded by current network media.

The M5 router supports up to four Physical Interface Cards (PICs), and the M10 router supports up to eight PICs. Each PIC accepts a specific type of network media, providing up to 16 physical interface ports per system o n the M5 router and up to 32 ports per system on the M10 router. The router height of 5.25 in. (13.3 cm) enables stacked installation of 14 M5 or M10 routers in a single floor-to-ceiling rack, for increased port density per unit of floor space.

the following topics:

The router’s maximum aggregate throughput is 6.4 gigabits per second (Gbps), full duplex. The router provides very high throughput for any combination of PICs that does not exceed 3 Gbps for the M5 router or 6 Gbps for the M10 router. A combination that exceeds these numbersissupported,butconstitutes oversubscription.

The router architecture cleanly separates control operations from packet forwarding operations, which helps to eliminate processing and traffic bottlenecks. Control operations in the router are performed by the Routing Engine, which runs JUNOS Internet software to handle routing protocols, traffic engineering, policy, policing, monitoring, and configuration management. Forwarding operations in the router are performed by the Packet Forwarding Engine, which consists of hardware, including ASICs, designed by Juniper Networks.

Field-Replaceable Units (FRUs)

Field-replaceable units (FRUs) are router components that can be replaced at the customer site. Replacing most FRUs requires minimal router downtime. The router uses the following types of FRUs:

System Overview

Safety Requireme

nts, Warnings, and Guidelines

• Hot-removable and hot-insertable FRUs—You can remove and replace these

components without powering down the router or disrupting the routing functions.

• FRUs that require powering down the router—You must power down the router before

removing these components.

Table 2 lists the FRUs for the M5 and M10 routers.

Table 2: Field-Replaceable Units

Hot-Removable and Hot-Insertable FRUs FRUs That Require Powering Down the Router

Fan tray with cable management system

Physical Interface C ard (PIC)

Power supply (AC or DC)

Forwarding Engine Board FEB)

Routing Engine

Small form factor pluggable (SFP)

For FRU replacement instructions, see “Replace Hardware Components” on page 81.

Safety Requirements, Warnings, and Guidelines

To avoid harm to yourself or the router as you install and maintain it, you need to follow the guidelines for working with and near electrical equipment, as well as the safety procedures for working environment, see “Prepare for Router Installation” on page 37. For a list of safety warnings, see “Safety and Regulatory Compliance Information” on page 129 and particularly “Electrical Safety Guid guidelines for working with electrical equipment is beyond the scope of this manual.

with Internet routers. For a discussion of how to make the installation site a safe

elines and Warnings” on page 135. However, providing an exhaustive set of

4 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Chapter 2

Hardware Component Overview

This chapter provides an overview of the hardware components on the M5 and M10 Internet ro

• Chassis on page 5

• Packet Forwarding Engine on page 8

• Routing Engine on page 12

• Craft I nterface on page 14

• Power Supplies on page 16

uters:

Chassis

• FanTrayonpa

ge 19

• Cable Management System on page 20

The router chassis is a rigid sheet metal structure that houses the other hardware components. The chassis is 17.5 in. (44.5 cm) wide and 24 in. (61 cm) deep. The chassis height of 5.25 in. (13.3 cm) enables stacked installation of 14 M5 and M10 routers in a single floor-to-ceiling rack. For more information, see “Rack Requirements” on page 37.

The two mounting ears (one on each side) extend the chassis width to 19 in. (48.3 cm) and enable installation into either a front-mount or a center-mount rack.

Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3 show front and rear views of the router chassis.

Hardware Component Overview

Chassis

Figure 1: Front of M5 Chassis

PICs

1301

Mounting ear

Figure 2: Front of M10 Chassis

Mounting ear

Craft interface

PICs

ESD

point

1300

ESD

point

6 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Figure 3: Rear of Chassis

Chassis

Forwarding Engine Board

Routing Engine cover

Power supply A

The chass

Power supply B

is includes two electrostatic discharge (ESD) points (banana plug receptacles) for

ESD point

Fan tray

electrical safety, one front and one rear, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3.

Before removing or installing components of a functioning router, attach an ESD strap to an ESD point and place the other end of the strap around your bare wrist. Failure to use an ESD strap could result in damage to the router.

1302

Table 3 summarizes physical specifications for the router chassis.

Table 3: Chassis Physical Specifications

Description Value

Chassis height

Chassis width 17.5 in. (44.5 cm) for sides of chassis

Chassis depth

Weight, maximum configuration M5 router: 61 lb (27.6 kg)

The router must be connected to earth ground during normal operation.

For further safety information, see “Safety and Regulatory Compliance Informat

ion” on page 129.

5.25 in. (13.3 cm)

19 in. (4

8.3 cm) with mounting ears

24 in. (61 cm)

M10router: 67lb(29.5kg)

Hardware Component Overview 7

Packet Forwardin

gEngine

Description Value

Weight, minimum configuration 57 lb (25.8 kg)

Thermal output 2550 BTU/hour

Packet Forwarding Engine

The Packet Forwarding Engine is a multicomponent system that uses application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to perform Layer 2 and Layer 3 packet switching, route lookups, and packet fo Processor II ASIC, I/O Manager ASIC, and media-specific controller ASICs.

rwarding. The ASICs include the Distributed Buffer Manager ASIC, Internet

Midplane

The Packet F

orwardingEnginehasthefollowingcomponents:

• Midplane—Physically separates front and rear cavities inside the chassis, distributes

power from t components, which plug into it.

• Physical In

as OC-12/STM-4, OC-48/STM-16, Ethernet, and channelized interfaces.

• Flexible PI

built in (cannot be removed from the chassis as on some other M-series platforms).

• Forwardin

installs into the midplane from the rear of the chassis.

For inform

ation about Packet Forwarding Engine components, see t he following sections:

he power supplies, and transfers packets and signals between router

terface Cards (PICs)—Physically connect the router to network media such

C Concentrators (FPCs)—House PICs. On the M5 and M10 routers, FPCs are

g Engine Board (FEB)—Performs route lookup, filtering, and switching. It

• Midplane on page 8

• Physical Interface Cards (PICs) on page 9

• Flexible PIC Concentrators (FPCs) on page 10

• Forwarding Engine Board (FEB) on page 10

The midplan forming the rear of the PIC card cage (see Figure 4). All router components plug directly into the midplane. The midplane contains an EEPROM that stores the serial number and revision l

The midplane performs the following functions:

e is a panel located in the center of the chassis, running from side to side and

evel of the midplane.

• Transfer of packets—After being processed by a PIC, an incoming data packet crosses

themidplanetotheFEB.TheFEBperformsswitchingandforwardingfunctionsand transfers to the network.

outgoing packets back across the midplane to the P ICs for transmission

8 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Figure 4: Midplane

Packet Forwardin

gEngine

• Power distribution—The midplane distributes power to all router components from the

power supplies attached to it.

• Signal connectivity—The midplane transports the signals exchanged by system

components for monitoring and control pur poses.

Midplane

1304

Physical Interface Cards (PICs)

Physical Interface Cards (PICs) physically connect the router to network media. They are housed in Flexible PIC Concentrators (FPCs); for more information about FPCs, see “Fl exible PIC Concentrators (FPCs)” on page 10.

PICsreceiveincomingpacketsfromthenetwork and transmit outgoing packets to the network, performing framing and line-speed signaling for their media type as required. PICs also encapsulate outgoing packets received from the FPCs before transmitting them. The controller ASIC on each PIC performs additional control functions specific to the PIC media type.

The router supports various PICs, including ATM, Channelized, Gigabit Ethernet, IP Services, and SONET/SDH interfaces. For complete PIC specifications, see the M5 and M10 Internet Routers PIC Guide.

Some PICs, such as selected Gigabit Ethernet PICs, accept small form factor pluggables (SFPs), which are fiber-optic transceivers that can be removed from the PIC. Various SFPs have different reach characteristics. You can mix them in a single PIC and change the combination dynamically. SFPs are hot-removable and hot-insertable, as described in “Field-Replaceable Units (FRUs)” on page 3. For SFP replacement instructions, see “Replace an S FP” on page

95. For information about PICs that use SFPs, see the M5 and M10 Internet Routers PIC Guide.

Up to four regular PICs install into an M5 router and up to eight regular PICs install into an M10 router, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. The PIC slots on an M5 router and in the upper FPConanM10routerarenumberedfrom0/0 (zero/zero) through 0/3, right to left. The PIC slots in the lower FPC on an M10 router are numbered from 1/0 (one/zero) through 1/3,right to left. The slot number for a PIC appears next to its offline button on the craft interface (see “PIC Offline Buttons” on page 16). The number of ports on a PIC depends on the type of PIC.

Hardware Component Overview

Packet Forwardin

gEngine

Quad-wide PICs, such as the 4-port Gigabit Ethernet and OC-48/STM-16 SONET/SDH PICs, occupy all four slots in an FPC. Some quad-wide PICs might not be supported on both the M5 and M10 router

Both regular and quad-wide PICs are hot-removable and hot-insertable. A removed PIC no longer rece forwarding of traffic through the remaining PICs.

s; for more information, see the M5 and M10 Internet Routers PIC Guide.

ives or transmits data, and removing or inserting a PIC briefly interrupts

For PIC repla

PIC Components

Most PICs supported on the M5 and M10 routers have the following components. For complete specifications, see the M5 and M10 Internet Routers PIC Guide.Forinformation about pinouts for PIC cable connectors, see “Cable Connector Pinouts” on page 171.

cement instructions, see “Replace a PIC” on page 87.

• One or more cable connector ports—Accept a network media connector.

• LEDs—Indicate PIC and port status. Most PICs have an LED labeled STATUS on the

PIC faceplate. Some P ICs h ave additional LEDs, often one per port. The meaning of the LED states differs for various PICs. For more information, see the M5 and M10 Internet Routers PIC Guide.

• Ejector lever—Controls the locking system that secures the PIC in the card cage.

Flexible PIC Concentrators (FPCs)

Flexible PIC Concentrators (FPCs) house the PICs that connect the router to network media (for information about PICs, see “Physical Interface Cards (PICs)” on page 9). On the M5 and M10 routers, each FPC is built in (cannot be removed from the chassis as on other M-series platforms) and corresponds to a horizontal row of PIC slots. The single FPC on the M5 router is numbered 0 (zero) and the two FPCs on the M10 router are numbered 0 and 1,topto bottom. Each FPC accommodates up to fourregularPICsoronequad-widePIC.

Forwarding Engine Board (FEB)

The Forwarding Engine Board (FEB) performs route lookup, filtering, and switching on incoming data packets, then directs outbound packets to the appropriate FPC for transmission to the network. It can process 40 million packets per second (Mpps).

The FEB installs into the midplane from the rear of the chassis, as shown in Figure 3. It weighs approximately 7 lb (3.2 kg). The FEB is field-replaceable, but you must power down the router before removing it from the chassis. Packet forwarding halts until the FEB is replaced, the router is powered on, and the Routing Engine finishes booting.

For FEB replacement instructions, see “Replace the FEB” on page 84.

The FEB communicates with the Routing Engine using a d edicated 100-Mbps Fast Ethernet link that transfers routing table data from the Routing Engine to the forwarding table in the Internet Processor II ASIC. The link is also used to transfer from the FEB to the Routing

10 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Packet Forwardin

Engine routing link-state updates and other packets destined for the router that have been received through the router interfaces.

The ASICs and other components on the FEB provide the following functions:

gEngine

• Route lookups

using the forwarding table stored in SSRAM.

• Creation and r

into 64-byte data cells for easier processing, and reassembles the cells for each packet after the forwarding decision is made for it. There is one I/O Manager ASIC on the M5 router and

—The Internet Processor II ASIC on each FEB performs route lookups

eassembly of data cells—The I/O Manager ASIC divides incoming packets

two on the M10 router.

• Management of memory on the FEB—One Distributed Buffer Manager ASIC receives

the 64-byte d uniformly allocates the cells throughout the memory buffers on the FEB.

• Transfer of o

notification of the forwarding decision for each packet to an I/O Manager ASIC so that data cells for the outgoing packet can be reassembled for transmission to the network.

ata cells into which t he I/O M anager ASIC divides incoming packets, and

utgoing data packets—The second Distributed Buffer Manager ASIC passes

• Transfer of exception and control packets—The Internet Processor II ASIC passes

exception packets to the microprocessor on the FEB, which processes almost all of them. The FE further processing. When the FEB detects an error originating in the Packet Forwarding Engine, it sends it to the Routing Engine using system logging (syslog) messages.

B sends any remaining exception packets to the Routing Engine for

• Monitoring of system components—The FEB monitors other system components for

failure and alarm conditions. It collects statistics from all sensors in the system and relays the the temperature of a component exceeds the lower of two internally defined thresholds, the Routing Engine issues a “high temperature” alarm. If the temperature exceeds the higher thr

m to the Routing Engine, which sets alarms as appropriate. For example, if

eshold, the Routing Engine initiates a system shutdown.

FEB Components

• Providing SONET/SDH clock source—The FEB generates a 19.44-MHz clock signal for

use by SON

An FEB has the following components (see Figure 5):

ET/SDH interfaces.

• I/O Manager ASIC (one on the M5 router and two on the M10 router)—Divide incoming

packets into 64-byte data cells for easier processing, and reassemble the cells for each packet after the forwarding decision is made for it.

• Two Distributed Buffer Manager ASICs—Process incoming and outgoing packets: one

distributes data cells (which the I/O Manager ASIC derives from incoming packets) to the memory buffers on the FEB, while the second forwards notification of routing decisions to an I/O Manager ASIC.

• One Internet Processor II ASIC—Performs route lookups and makes routing decisions.

• Parity-protected synchronous SRAM (SSRAM)—Stores the forwarding table.

Hardware Component Overview

Routing Engine

• Processor subsystem—Manages FEB functions and handles exception packets. The

processor has the following components:

• OnePowerPC603eprocessor

• EEPROM—Stores the serial number and revision level.

• 19.44-MHz str

• I

C controller—Monitors the status of router components.

• Ejector levers—Control the locking system that secures the FEB in the chassis.

Figure 5: Forwarding Engine Board

• Parity-prote

cted Level 2 cache

• Parity-protected DRAM

atum 3 reference clock—Generates clock signal for SONET/SDH PICs.

For specific information about FEB components (for example, the amount of DRAM), issue the show chassis feb command.

Routing Engine

The Routing Engine is an Intel-based PCI platform that runs JUNOS Internet software. Software processes that run on the Routing Engine maintain the routing tables, manage the routing protocols used on the router, control the router’s interfaces, control some chassis components, and provide the interface for system management and user access to the router.

12 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

1307

The Routing Engine installs into a slot in the FEB at the rear of the chassis. The Routing Engine is field-replaceable, but you must power down the router before removing it from the chassis. P powered on. For replacement instructions, see “Replace the Routing Engine” on page 115.

acket forwarding halts until the Routing Engine is replaced and the router is

Routing Engine Components

The Routing Engine (shown in Figure 6) is a two-board system with the following components:

Routing Engine

• CPU—Runs JUN

protocols. It has a Pentium-class processor.

• SDRAM—Provi

Engine processes.

• Compact flas

and microcode. The drive is fixed and inaccessible from outside the router.

• Hard drive—P

the system if the flash drive fails.

• PC card slot

upgrades.

• LED—Indica

indicate routing-related activity.

• Interfaces

Routing Engine status to devices (console, laptop, or terminal server) that can be attached to access ports located on the craft interface.

OS Internet software to maintain the router’s routing tables and routing

des storage for the routing and forwarding tables and for other Routing

h drive—Provides primary storage for software images, configuration files,

rovides secondary storage for log files, memory dumps, and rebooting

—Accepts a removable PC card, which stores software images for system

tes disk activity for the internal IDE interface. It does not necessarily

for out-of-band management access—Provide information about

• EEPROM—Stores t he serial number of the Routing Engine.

• Reset butt

on—Reboots the Routing Engine when pressed.

• Extractor clips—Control the locking system that secures the Routing Engine in the

chassis.

The appear on your Routing Engine might differ from Figure 6 and other figures in this document Routing Engine installation and removal or functionality.

ance and position of electronic components or the PC card slot

that depict the Routing Engine. These differences do not affect

Hardware Component Overview 13

Craft Interface

For specific information about Routing Engine c om ponents (for example, the capacity of th

Figure 6: Routing Engine

Routing Engine 333 Routing Engine 600

eharddrive),issuetheshow chassis routing-engine command.

Extractor clipExtractor clip

LED

PC card slot

Craft Interface

Figure 7: Craft Interface

Lamp test button

Link status LED Routing Engine

ports

JUNIPER NETWORKS LABEL THIS SIDE

RESET

PC card slot

Extractor clip

LED

Extractor clip

The craft interface provides status and troubleshooting information at a glance and has buttons for deactivating alarms and preparing FPCs for removal. The L-shaped craft interface is located along the left and bottom edges of thefrontofthechassis,asshowninFigure1 and Figure 2. It includes the elements shown in Figure 7. (The LEDs for the power supplies are located on the power supply faceplate, rather than on the craft interface. For more information, see “Power Supply LEDs and Self-test Button” on page 19.)

Red alarm LED

Yellow alarm LED

Activity status LED

1596

PIC0/3 PIC1/3

14 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

PIC0/2 PIC1/2

PIC online/offline buttons

PIC0/1 PIC1/1

PIC0/0 PIC1/0

1336

Craft Interface

For information about the elements on the craft interface, see the following sections:

• Alarm LEDs and Lamp Test Button on page 15

• Routing Engine

Interface Ports and Status Indicators on page 15

• PIC Offline Buttons on page 16

AlarmLEDsandLampTestButton

Two large alarm LEDs are located at the top of the craft interface. The circular red LED lights to indicate a critical condition that can result in a system shutdown. The triangular yellow LED lights to indicate a less severe condition that requires monitoring or maintenance. Both LEDs can be lit simultaneously. The button labeled LT (for “lamp test”), located to the left of the alarm LEDs, causes all LE Ds on the c raft interface to light when pressed and held; use it to test that LEDs are functional.

Table 4 describes the alarm LEDs and lamp test button in more detail.

Table 4: Alarm LEDs and Lamp Test Button

Shape Color State Description

Red On steadily Critical alarm LED—Indicates a critical condition

Yellow On steadily Warning alarm LED—Indicates a serious but

——

that can cause the router to stop functioning. Possible causes include component removal, failure, or overheating.

nonfatal error condition, such as a maintenance alert or a significant increase in component temperature.

Lamp test button—Causes all LEDs on the craft interface t pressed and held.

o light (for testing purposes), when

Routing Engine Interface Ports and Status Indicators

Below the alarm LEDs on the craft interface are ports for connecting the Routing Engine to one or more external devices on which system administrators can issue JUNOS command-line interface (CLI) commandstomanagetherouter(seeFigure7).Theportswith the indicated label in each set function as follows:

• MGMT—Connects the Routing Engine through an Ethernet connection to a

management LAN (or any other device that plugs into an Ethernet connection) for out-of-band management. The port uses an autosensing RJ-45 connector to support both 10- and 100-Mbps connections.

Totheleftoftheportisalinkstatusindicator, which lights to show that a link has been established over the Ethernet connection. To the r ight of the port is an activity indicator, which flashes when data is being transferred.

Hardware Component Overview

Power Supplies

• CONSOLE—Connects the Routing Engine to a system console through an RS-232

(EIA-232) serial cable.

• AUX/MODEM— Connects the Routing Engine to a laptop, modem, or other auxiliary

device through an RS-232 (EIA-232) serial cable.

For information about the pinouts for the connectors, see “Cable Connector Pinouts” on page 171.

PIC Offline B

uttons

Power Supplies

An offline button for each PIC is located below the PIC slot along the bottom edge of the craft interf when pressed. The buttons are labeled with the PIC slot numbers. The PIC slots on an M5 router and in the upper FPC on an M10 router are numbered from 0/0 (zero/zero) through

0/3,rightto 1/0 (one/zero) through 1/3,righttoleft.

The router uses either AC or DC power. There are two load-sharing, isolated power supplies located at the bottom rear of the chassis, as shown in Figure 3. The power supplies connect to individual voltage requirements. When the power supplies are installed and operational, they automatically share the electrical load. If a power supply stops functioning for any reason, the remain normal functioning and can provide full power indefinitely.

ace(seeFigure7). ThebuttonpreparesthePICforremovalfromtherouter

left. The PIC slots in the lower FPC on an M10 router are numbered from

the midplane, which distributes power to router components a ccording to their

ing power supplies instantly begin providing all the power the router needs for

Mixing AC and DC power supplies is not supported. The two power supplies must be either both AC or both D C.

An enable control signal on the output connector of each power supply ensures that the supply i enable pin prevents a user-accessible energy hazard, so there is no interlocking mechanism. The enable pin disables the voltage at the output connector if the power supply is not turned

Power supplies are hot-removable and hot-insertable, as described in “Field-Replaceable Units ( “Replace an AC Power Supply” on page 98 and “Replace a DC Power Supply” on page 104.

s fully seated into the router midplane before the supply can be turned on. The

off before removal.

FRUs)” on page 3. To avoid electrical injury, carefully follow the instructions in

16 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Power Supplies

After powering off a power supply, waitatleast60secondsbeforeturning it back on. Afte before turning it off.

If the router is completely powered down when you power on the power supply, the Routing Engine boots as the power supply completes its startup sequence. If the Routing Engine finishes booting and you need to power down the router again, first issue the CLI request system halt command. For more information, see “Disconnect AC Power f rom the Router” on page 102 or “Disconnect DC Power from the Router” on page 109.

After a power supply is powered on, it can take up to 60 seconds for status indicators—such as LEDs on the power supply and show chassis commands—to indicate that the power supply is functioning normally. Ignore error indicators that appear during the first 60 seconds.

See the following sections for further information about power system components:

r powering on a power supply, wait at least 60 seconds

AC Power Supply

An AC-powered router has two load-sharing AC power supplies, located at the bottom rear of the chassis, as shown in Figure 3. For information about power supply redundancy and replaceabili

Figure 8 shows the power supply and Table 5 lists electrical specifications. For information about the LED

Figure 8: AC Power Supply

• AC Power Suppl

y on page 17

• DC Power Supply on page 18

• Power Supply LEDs and Self-test Button on page 19

ty, see “Power Supplies” on page 16.

and self-test button, see “Power Supply LEDs and Self-test Button” on page 19.

Safety lever

1316

Appliance

inlet

Power switch

Self test

button

Status LED

Hardware Component Overview 17

Power Supplies

Table 5: Electrical Specifications for AC Power Supply

Description Specification

Maximum power output 800 W

AC input voltage Nominal range: 100–240 VAC

Operating range: 100–264 VAC

AC input line frequency

AC input curre

Output voltages

nt rating

47–63Hz

8–4A

+1.5 V, +2.5 V, +3.3 V, +5.0 V, + 12 V, +12 V

DC Power Supply

A DC-powered router has two load-sharing DC power supplies, located at the bottom rear of the chassis, as shown in Figure 3. For information about power supply redundancy and replaceability, see “Power S upplies” on page 16.

Figure 9 shows the power supply and Table 6 lists electrical specifications. For information about the LED and self-test button, see “Power Supply LEDs and Self-test Button” on page 19.

Figure 9: DC Power Supply

terminals

Status LED

Table 6: Electrical Specifications for DC Power Supply

Description Specification

Maximum power output 700 W

DC input voltage Nominal: –48 VDC, –60 VDC

Self test

button

Power switchQuick connect

1320

Operating range: –42.5 to –72 VDC

18 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Fan Tray

Description Specificatio

Input DC current rating 13.5 A @ –48 V

Output voltages

The DC power supplies are marked –48 VDC. This is the nominal voltage associated with the battery circuit. Any higher voltages are to be associated only with float voltages for the charging function.

+1.5 V, +2.5 V, +3.3 V, +5.0 V, + 12 V, +12 V

Power Supply LEDs and Self-test Button

Table 7 describes the LED on both AC and DC power supplies.

Table 7: States for Power Supply LED

Label Color State Description

OUTPUT OK

Blue

On steadily Power supply is functioning normally, input is

Blinking Power supply has failed.

occurring, outp uts are within range, and the temperature is within range.

The self-test button on the power supply faceplate initiates a self-test sequence. Do not press this button; it is for use by qualified service personnel only.

Fan Tray

The router cooling system c onsists of a fan tray that installs into the chassis from the rear, as shown in Figure 3. It houses four fans, which draw room air into the chassis to keep the internal temperature below a maximum acceptable level. The air flows side-to-side in the chassis, as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10: Airflow through the Chassis

Front of chassisFan tray

1305

Hardware Component Overview 19

Cable Management

System

The fan tray is hot-removable and hot-insertable, as described in “Field-Replaceable Units (FRUs)” on page 3. For instructions on replacing it, see “Replace the Fan Tray” on page 82.

Do not remove the fan tray for more than a about one minute while the router is operating. The fans are the solesourceofcooling,andtherouter can overheat when they are absent.

Cable Manag

Figure 11: Cable Management System

ement System

The cable management system consists of racks that attach vertically to each side of the chassis at t racks to keep the cables organized and securely in place, and to avoid bending optical cables beyond the proper bend radius. The cable management system evenly distributes the weight of a cable,

he front, as shown in Figure 11. Pass PIC cables through the openings in the

so that it is not subjected to undue stress at the connector.

1341

Cable management system

20 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Chapter 3

JUNOS Internet Software Overview

The JUNOS Internet software is especially designed for the large production networks typically supported b software and software for management of interfaces, networks, and the router chassis.

y Internet Service Providers (ISPs). It incorporates Internet Protocol (IP) routing

The JUNOS In that support Internet routing protocols, control the router’s interfaces and the router chassis itself, and provide an interface for system management. The processes run on top of a kernel that thePacketForwardingEnginesoftware.

Use the JUN the properties of router interfaces. After you have activated a software configuration, use the JUNOS Internet software to monitor the protocol traffic passing through the router and to troublesh

For additional information about the JUNOS Internet software, includ ing its security features and a list Guide: Getting Started. For complete information about configuring the software, including examples, see the JUNOS Internet software configuration guides.

This chapter discusses the following topics:

ternet software runs on the Routing Engine. The software consists of processes

coordinates the communication among processes and has a direct link to

OS Internet software to configure the routing protocols that run on the router and

oot protocol and network connectivity problems.

of the industry standards it su pports, see the JUNOS Internet Sof tware Configuration

• RoutingEngineSoftwareComponentsonpage21

• To o l s for

Accessing an d Configuring the Software on page 27

• Tools for Monitoring the Software on page 27

• Software Upgrades on page 28

Routing Engine Software Components

The Routing Engine software consists of several software processes that control router functions and a kernel that coordinates communication among the processes, as described in the fol

lowing sections:

• Routing Protocol Process on page 22

• VPNs on page 26

• Interface Process on page 26

• Chassis Process on page 26

JUNOS Internet Software Overview

Routing Engine So

ftware Components

• SNMP and MIB II Processes on page 26

• Management Process on page 27

Routing Protoc

• Routing Engine

Kernel on page 27

ol Process

The JUNOS software routing protocol process controls the routing protocols that run on the router. The ro routing messages. It consolidates the routing information learned from all routing protocols into common routing tables. From this routing information, the routing protocol process determines th Routing Engine’s forwarding table. Finally, the routing protocol process implements the routing policies you specify, which determine how routing information is transferred between the routing p

This section discusses the following topics:

uting protocol process starts all configured routing protocols and handles all

e active routes to network destinations and installs these routes into the

rotocols and the routing table.

• IPv4 Routing Protocols on page 22

• IPv6 Routing Protocols on page 24

• Routing and Forwarding Tables on page 24

• Routing Polic

For complete information about routing concepts, see the JUNOS Internet software configurati

on guides.

y on page 25

IPv4 Routing Protocols

The JUNOS Internet software implements full IP routing functionality, providing support for IP version 4 (IPv4). The routing protocols are fully interoperable with existing IP routing protocols and provide the scale and control necessary for the Internet core. The software provides support for the following routing and traffic engineering protocols:

• Unicast routing protocols

• BGP—Border Gateway Protocol, version 4, is an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)

that guarantees loop-free exchange of routing information between routing domains (also called autonomous systems). BGP, in conjunction with JUNOS routing policy, provides a system of administrative checks and balances that can be used to implement peering and transit agreements.

• ICMP—Internet Control Message Protocol router discovery is a method that

hosts can use to discover the addresses of operational routers on a subnet.

• IS-IS—Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System is a link-state interior

gateway protocol (IGP) for IP networks that uses the shortest-path-first algorithm (SPF algorithm, also called the Dijkstra algorithm) to determine routes.

22 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Routing Engine So

ftware Components

• OSPF—Open Shortest Path First, version 2, is an IGP developed for IP networks

by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). OSPF is a link-state protocol that makes routing

decisions based on the SPF algorithm.

• RIP—Routing Information Protocol, version 2, is an IGP for IP networks

based on the Be dynamically routes packets between a subscriber and a service provider without the subscriber having to configure BGP or to participate in the service provider’s I

llman-Ford algorithm. RIP is a distance-vector protocol. RIP

GP discovery process.

• Multicast routing protocols

• DVMRP—Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol is a dense-mode

(flood-and-prune) multicast routing protocol.

• IGMP—Internet Group Management Protocol, versions 1 and 2, is used to

manage membership in multicast groups.

• MSDP—Multicast Source Discovery Protocol enables multiple PIM sparse mode

domains to be joined. A rendezvous point (RP) in a PIM sparse mode domain has a peerin multicast sources from other domains.

g relationship with an RP in another domain, thereby discovering

• PIM sparse m

multicast routing protocol used to route traffic to multicast groups that might span wide-area and interdomain internetworks. In PIM sparse mode, routers explicitl protocol.

• SAP/SDP—S

handle conference session announcements.

• MPLS appli

cation protocols

ode and dense mode—Protocol-Independent Multicast is a

y join and leave multicast groups. PIM dense mode is a flood-and-prune

ession Announcement Protocol and Session Description Protocol

• LDP—Label Distribution Protocol provides a mechanism for distributing

labels in n label-switched paths (LSPs) through a network by mapping network-layer routing information directly to data-link layer switched paths. LSPs created by LDP can al

ontraffic-engineered applications. LDP allows routers to establish

so traverse LSPs created by Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP).

• MPLS—Multiprotocol Label Switching enables you to configure LSPs through a

network e the network by directing it through particular paths, rather than relying on an IGP’s least-cost algorithm to choose a path.

ither manually or dynamically. You can control how traffic traverses

• RSVP—Resource Reservation Protocol, version 1, provides a mechanism for

engineering network traffic patterns that is independent of the shortest path determi is designed to operate with current and future unicast and multicast routing protocols. JUNOS RSVP software supports dynamic signaling for MPLS LSPs.

ned by a routing protocol. RSVP itself is not a routing protocol, but

JUNOS Internet Software Overview

Routing Engine So

IPv6 Routing Protocols

ftware Components

The JUNOS Inte IP version 6 (IPv6). The routing protocols are fully interoperable with existing IP routing protocols and provide the scale and control necessary for the Internet core. The software provides supp

rnet software implements full IP routing functionality, providing support for

ort for the following unicast routing protocols:

• BGP—Border Gateway Protocol, version 4, is an EGP that guarantees loop-free exchange

of routing in BGP, in conjunction with JUNOS routing policy, provides a system of administrative checks and balances that can be used to implement peering and transit agreements.

formation between routing domains (also called autonomous systems).

• ICMP—Internet Control Message Protocol router discovery is a method that hosts can

use to discover the addresses of operational routers on a subnet.

• IS-IS—Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System is a link-state interior gateway

protocol (IGP) for IP networks that uses the shortest-path-first algorithm (SPF algorithm, also called

the Dijkstra algorithm) to determine routes.

• OSPF—Open Shortest Path First, version 3 (OSPFv3), supports version 6 of the Internet

Protocol (I Router (DR) election, area based topologies and the Shortest Path First (SPF) calculations remain unchanged. Some differences exist either due to changes in protocol semantics between IPv

Pv6). The fundamental mechanisms of OSPF such as flooding, Designated

4 and IPv6, or to handle the increased address size of IPv6.

• RIP—Routing Information Protocol, version 2, is an IGP for IP networks based on the

Bellman-F packets between a subscriber and a service provider without the subscriber having to configureBGPortoparticipateintheserviceprovider’sIGPdiscoveryprocess.

ord algorithm. RIP is a distance-vector protocol. RIP dynamically routes

Routing and Forwarding Tables

The primary function of the JUNOS routing protocol process is maintaining routing tables and using the information in them to determine active routes to network destinations. It copies information about the active routes into the Routing Engine’s forwarding table, which the JUNOS kernel copies to the Packet Forwarding Engine.

By default, the routing protocol process maintains the following routing tables and uses the information in each table to determine active routes to network destinations:

• Unicast routing table—Stores routing information for all unicast protocols running on

• Multicast routing table (cache)—Stores routing information for all multicast protocols

the router, including BGP, IS-IS, OSPF, and RIP. You can also configure additional routes, such as static routes, for inclusion in the routing table. The unicast routing protocols use the routes in this table when advertising routing information to their neighbors.

In the unicast routing table, the routing protocol process designates routes with the lowest preference values as active. By default, a route’s preference value is simply a function of how the routing protocol process learned about the route. You can modify the default preference value by setting routing policies and configuring other software parameters. See “Routing Policy” on page 25.

running on the router, including DVMRP and PIM. You can configure additional routes for inclusion in the routing table.

24 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Routing Engine So

In the multicast routing table, the routing protocol process uses traffic flow and other parameters specified by the multicast routing protocol algorithms to select active routes.

ftware Components

• MPLS routing table—Stores MPLS label information.

Routing Policy

For unicast ro most preferred route, which is the route with the lowest preference value. By default, the route’s preference value is simply a function of how the routing protocol process learned about the rou with software configuration parameters.

For multicas flow and other parameters specif ied by the multicast routing protocol algorithms. The routing protocol process then installs one or more active routes to each network destination into the Rout

You can configure additional routing tables to meet your requirements, as described in the

JUNOS Inter

By default, all routing protocols place their routes into the routing table. When advertising routes, the routing protocols, by default, advertise only a limited set of routes from the routing table. Specifically, each routing protocol exports only the active routes that were learned by that protocol. In addition, IGPs (IS-IS, OSPF, and RIP) export the direct (interface) routes for the interfaces on which the protocol is explicitly configured.

For each routing table, you can affect the routes that a protocol places into the table and the routes from the table that the protocol advertises by defining one or more routing policies and then applying them to the specific routing protocol.

utes, the routing protocol process determines active routes by choosing the

te. You can modify the default preference value using routing policy and

t traffic, the routing protocol process determines active routes based on traffic

ing Engine’s forwarding table.

net Software Configuration Guide: Routing and Routing Protocols.

Routing policies applied when the routing protocol places routes into the routing table are called import policies because the routes are being imported into the routing table. Policies applied when the routing protocol is advertising routes that are in the routing table are called export policies because the routes are being exported from the routing table. In other words, the terms import and export are used with respect to the routing table.

Routing policy enables you to control (filter) which routes are imported into the routing table and which routes are exported from the routing table. Routing policy also allows you to set the information associated with a route as it is being imported into or exported from the routing table. Routing policies applied to imported routes control the routes used to determine active routes, whereas policies applied to exported routes control which routes a protocol advertises to its neighbors.

You implement routing policy by defining policies. A policy specifies the conditions to use to match a route and the action to perform on the route when a match occurs. For example, when a routing table imports routing information from a routing protocol, a routing policy might modify the route’s preference, mark the route with a c olor to identify it for later manipulation, or prevent the route from even being installed in a routing table. When a routing table exports routes to a routing protocol, a policy might assign metric values, modify theBGPcommunityinformation,tagtheroutewith additional information, or prevent the route from being exported altogether. You also can define policies for redistributing the routes learned from one protocol into another protocol.

JUNOS Internet Software Overview

Routing Engine So

VPNs

ftware Components

Interface Process

The JUNOS soft

ware supports several types of VPNs:

• Layer 2 VPNs— A Layer 2 VPN links a set of sites sharing common routing information,

and whose conn aware of routes within a customer’s network. It simply provides private links between a customer’s sites over the service provider’s existing public Internet backbone.

ectivity is controlled by a collection of policies. A Layer 2 VPN is not

• Layer 3 VPNs—A Layer 3 VPN links a set of sites that share common routing

information, and whose connectivity is controlled by a collection of policies. A Layer 3 VPN is aware o the part of the service provider than a Layer 2 VPN. The sites that make up a Layer 3 VPN are connected over a service provider’s existing public Internet backbone.

f routes within a customer’s network, requiring more configuration on

• Interprovider VPNs—An interprovider VPN supplies connectivity between two VPNs

in separate autonomous systems (ASs). This functionality could be used by a VPN customer wi same ISP in various geographic regions.

• Carrier-of

VPN service to a customer who is also a service provider. The latter service provider supplies Internet or VPN service to an end customer.

The JUNOS interface process manages the physical interface devices and logical interfaces on the router. It implements the JUNOS command-line interface (CLI) commands and configura location in the FPC card cage and PIC location on an FPC), the interface type (such as SONET/SDH or ATM), encapsulation, and interface-specific properties. You can configure both inter

tion statements that you use to specify interface properties such as location (FPC

faces that are currently active and interfaces that might be installed later.

th connections to several various ISPs, or different connections to the

-Carrier VPNs—Carrier-of-carrier VPNsallowaVPNserviceprovidertosupply

The JUNOS interface process communicates with the interface process in the Packet Forwardi the status and co ndition of router interfaces.

ng Engine through the JUNOS kernel, enabling the JUNOS Internet software to track

Chassis Process

The JUNOS chassis process allows you to configure and control the properties of the router, including conditions that trigger alarms and clock sources. The chassis process communic

ates directly with a chassis process in the JUNOS kernel.

SNMP and MIB II Processes

The JUNO versions 1, 2, and 3, which provides a mechanism for monitoring the state of the router. This software is controlled by the JUNOS SNMP and Management Information Base (MIB) II process

S Internet software supports the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP),

es, which consist of an SNMP master agent and a MIB II agent.

26 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Management Process

Tools for Monitor

ing the Software

t process starts all the other JUNOS software processes and the CLI when

t also provides the link between the routing tables maintained by the routing

ng the Packet Forwarding Engine’s forwarding table with the master forwarding

Routing Engin

The managemen the router boots. It monitors the running JUNOS processes and makes all reasonable attempts to restart any process that terminates.

eKernel

The Routing Engine kernel provides the underlying infrastructure for all JUNOS software processes. I protocol process and the forwarding table maintained by the Routing Engine. Additionally, it coordinates communication with the Packet Forwarding Engine, which primarily involves synchronizi table maintained by the Routing Engine.

Tools for Accessing and Configuring the Software

The JUNOS CLI is the primary tool for accessing and controlling the JUNOS Internet software. You use it when accessing the router through the console or a connection to an out-of-band management JUNOS Internet software, and network connectivity.

The JUNOS C and enter the commands by pressing the Enter key. The CLI provides command help and command completion, as well as Emacs-style keyboard sequences for moving around on a command li For more information about the CLI, see the JUNOS Internet Software Configuration Guide: Getting Started.

network. The CLI includes commands for configuring router hardware, the

LI is a straightforward command interface. You type commands on a single line

ne and scrolling through a buffer that contains recently executed commands.

Tools for

Monitoring the Software

In addition to commands for configuring router hardware and software, the CLI includes commands network connectivity. CLI commands display information from routing tables, information specific to routing protocols, and information about network connectivity derived from the ping

You can also use the JUNOS Internet software implementation of SNMP to monitor routers. The SNMP support for MIB II SNMP version 1 traps and version 2 notifications, SNMP version 1 Get and GetNext requests, and version 2 GetBulk requests. For more information about SNMP, see the JUNO

The software also supports tracing and logging operations, which you can use to track normal router o Logging operations use a syslog-like mechanism to record systemwide, high-level events such as interfaces going up or down and user logins on the router. Tracing operations record more detail routing protocol packets sent and received, and routing policy actions.

for monitoring and troubleshooting hardware, software, routing protocols, and

and traceroute utilities.

software consists of an SNMP master agent and a MIB II agent. It provides full

S Internet Software Configuration Guide: Network Management.

perations, error conditions, and the packets that the router generates or forwards.

ed information about the operation of routing protocols, such as the various types of

JUNOS Internet Software Overview

Software Upgrade

Software Upgrades

The router is d software, you use CLI commands to copy a set of software images over the network to memory storage on the Routing Engine. The JUNOS Internet software set consists of several images provid simultaneously. For information about installing and upgrading JUNOS software, see the JUNOS Internet Software Configuration Guide: Getting Started.

elivered with the JUNOS Internet software preinstalled. To upgrade the

ed in individual packages or as a bundle. You normally upgrade all packages

28 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Chapter 4

System Architecture Over view

The router architecture consists of two major components:

• Packet Forwarding Engine—Performs Layer 2 and Layer 3 packet switching, route

lookups, and packet forwarding.

• Routing Engine—Provides Layer 3 routing services and network management.

The Packet F communicate constantly through a 100-Mbps internal link. This arrangement provides streamlined forwarding and routing control and the ability to run Internet-scale networks at high speeds and the Routing Engine.

Figure 12: System Architecture

For a discussion of the architectural components, see the following sections:

• Packet Forwarding Engine Architecture on page 29

• Routing Engine Architecture on page 31

orwarding Engine and the Routing Engine perform independently but

. Figure 12 illustrates the relationship between the Packet Forwarding Engine

Routing Engine

100-Mbps link

Packets

Packet Forwarding

Engine

Packets

out

1244

Packet Forwarding Engine Architecture

The Packet Forwarding Engine performs Layer 2 and Layer 3 packet switching. It can forward up to 40 for all packet sizes. The aggregate throughput for the router is 6.4 gigabits per second (Gbps), full duplex. The Packet Forwarding Engine is implemented in application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). It uses a centralized route lookup engine and shared memory.

The Packet Forwarding Engine architecture includes the following components:

System Architecture Overview

Packet Forwardin

gEngineArchitecture

• Midplane—Transports packets, notifications, and other signals between the PICs and

the Packet Forwarding Engine (as well as other system components).

• Physical Interface C ard (PIC)—Physically connects the router to fiber-optic or digital

network media. A controller ASIC in each PIC performs control functions specific to thePICmediat

ype.

• Forwarding Engine Board (FEB)—Hosts the Internet Processor II ASIC, I/O Manager

ASIC (one on t Manager ASICs. An I/O Manager ASIC divides incoming packets into 64-byte data cells and reassembles cells into data packets for transmission on the network after the Internet Pro Manager ASIC distributes the data cells among the memory buffers on the F EB and the other notifies the PICs of the forwarding decision for outgoing packets.

he M5 router, two on the M10 router), and two Distributed Buffer

cessor II ASIC decides how to forward the packets. One Distributed Buffer

Data Flow through the Packet Forwarding Engine

Use of ASICs promotes efficient movement of data packets through the system. Packets flow through the Packet Forwarding Engine in the following sequence (see Figure 13):

1. Packets arrive at an incoming PIC interface.

2. The PIC passes the packets through the midplane to the FEB.

3. An I/O Manager ASIC on the FEB processes the packet headers and divides the packets into64-bytedatacells.

4. A Distributed Buffer Manager ASIC on the FEB distributes the data cells throughout the memory bu

5. The Inter and decides how to forward it.

6. The Internet Processor II ASIC notifies the second Distributed Buffer Manager ASIC of the forwarding decision, and the Distributed Buffer Manager ASIC forwards the notific

7. The I/O M data packets as they are ready for transmission and passes them to the outbound PIC.

8. The outbound PIC transmits the data packets.

ffers on the FEB.

net Processor II ASIC on the FEB performs a route lookup for each packet

ation to the appropriate outbound PIC.

anager ASIC on the FEB reassembles data cells stored in shared memory into

30 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Figure 13: Packet Forwarding Engine Components and Data Flow

Routing Engine Ar

chitecture

Routing E

Packet

out

= ASIC

ngine Architecture

The Routing Engine is an Intel-based PCI platform running the JUNOS Internet software, which Ju interfaces and routes. The software consists of a set of system processes running in protected memory modules on top of an independent operating system. The JUNOS kernel supports JUNOS sy and control functions (see Figure 14).

niper Networks has developed and optimized to handle large numbers of network

stem processes, which handle system management processes, routing protocols,

PIC

Controller

PIC

Controller

Midplane

I/O

Manager

FEB

Distributed

Buffer

Manager

Distributed

Buffer

Manager

Routing

Engine

Internet

Processor

1335

The Rout Engine.

ing Engine has a dedicated 100-Mbps internal connection to the Packet Forwarding

System Architecture Overview

Routing Engine Ar

Figure 14: Routing Engine Architecture

chitecture

Routing En

JUNOS

software

gine Functions

The Routing Engine handles all routing protocol processes, as well as the software processes that contr access to the router. These routing and software processes run on top of a kernel that interacts with the Packet Forwarding Engine. For more information about the processes, see “Rout

The Routing Engine includes the following functions and features:

ol the router’s interfaces, the chassis components, system management, and user

ing Engine Software Components” on page 21.

• Processing of routing protocol packets—The Routing Engine han dles all packets that

concern routing protocols, freeing the Packet Forwarding Engine to handle only packets t

System

management

processes

Intel-based PCI platform

hat represent Internet traffic.

Routing

protocols

Kernel

Control

functions

System processes

Operating system

1164

• Software modularity—Because each software process is devoted to a different

function effect on the others.

• In-depth

set of Internet f eatures and provides full flexibility for advertising, filtering, and modifying routes. Routing policies are set according to route parameters (for example, prefix,

and uses a separate process space, the failure of one process has little or n o

Internet functionality—Each routing protocol is implemented with a complete

prefix lengths, and Border Gateway Protocol [BGP] attributes).

• Scalability—The JUNOS routing tables have been designed to hold all the routes in

current software can efficiently support large numbers of interfaces and virtual circuits.

• Managem

including the JUNOS command-line interface (CLI), the JUNOScript application programming interface, the craft interface, and SNMP.

networks with ample capacity for expansion. Additionally, the JUNOS Internet

ent interface—Different levels of system management tools are provided,

• Storage and change management—Configuration files, system images, and microcode

can be held and maintained in primary and secondary storage systems, permitting

rremoteupgrades.

local o

32 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

• Monitoring efficiency and flexibility—The router supports func tions such as alarm

handling and packet counting on every port, without degrading packet-forwarding performance.

The Routing Engine constructs and maintains one or more routing tables. From the routing tables, the Ro which is then copied into the Packet Forwarding Engine. The design of the ASICs allow the forwarding table in the Packet Forwarding Engine to be updated without interrupting forwarding p

Figure 15: Control Packet Handling for Routing and Forwarding Table Updates

uting Engine derives a table of active routes, called the forwarding table,

erformance. See Figure 15.

Routing protocol

process

Routing Engine Ar

chitecture

Forwarding table

updates

Packets

Routing Engine

Forwarding table

Packet Forwarding

Engines

Routing protocol

packets from network

Packets

out

1240

System Architecture Overview 33

Routing Engine Ar

chitecture

34 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Part 2

Initial Installation

• Prepare for Router Installation on page 37

• Unpack the Router on page 55

• Install the Router on page 59

• Connect the Router and Perform Initial Configuration on page 61

36 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Chapter 5

Prepare for Router Installation

This chapter describes how to prepare your site for installation of the M5 and M10 Internet routers. It

• Rack Requirements on page 37

• Clearance Requirements for Airflow and Hardware Maintenance on page 40

• Router Environmental Tolerances on page 40

• Fire Safety Requirements on page 41

• Power Guidelines, Requirements, and Specifications on page 42

discusses the following topics:

• Network Cabl

• Cable Specifications for Routing Engine Management Interfaces on page 52

• Site Preparation Checklist on page 52

Rack Requirements

The router must be installed in a rack. Many types of racks are acceptable, including front-mount racks, 4-post (telco) racks, and center-mount racks. An example of a center-moun

The following sections describe rack requirements:

• Rack Size and Strength on page 37

• Spacing of Mounting Holes on page 39

• Connection to Building Structure on page 39

Rack Size and Strength

The router is designed for installation in a rack that complies with either of the following standards:

• A 19-in. rack as defined in Cabinets, Racks, Panels, and Associated Equipment

(document number EIA-310-D) published by the Electronics Industry Association (http://www.eia.org).

e Specifications and Guidelines on page 48

t rack appears in Figure 16.

Prepare for Router Installation

Rack Requirement

• A 600-mm rack as defined in the four-part Equipment Engineering (EE); European

telecommunications standard for equipment practice (document numbers ETS 300 119-1

through 119-4 (http://www.etsi.org).

) published by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute

The horizonta are usually wider than the router’s mounting ears, which measure 19 in. (48.3 cm) from outer edge to outer edge. Use approved wing devices to narrow the opening between the r

The rack rails must be spaced widely enough to accommodate the router chassis’s external dimensions: outer edges of the mounting ears extend the width to 19 in. (48.3 cm). The spacing of rails and adjacent racks must also allow for the clearances around the router and rack that are specified i

In general, a center-mount rack is preferable to a front-mount rack, because the more even distribu rack is used, we recommend supporting the back of the router with a shelf or other structure.

The chass Cabinets, Racks, Panels, and Associated Equipment (document number EIA-310-D) published by the Electronics Industry Association. Youcanstack14M5andM10routersinarackthat has at le

n “Clearance Requirements for Airflow and Hardware Maintenance” on page 40.

tion of weight in the center-mount rack provides greater stability. If a front-mount

is height of 5.25 in. (13.3 cm) equals 3 U, the standard rack unit defined i n

ast 42 U (73.5 in. or 1.87 m) of usable vertical space.

l spacing between the rails in a rack that complies with this standard

ails as required.

5.25 in. (13.3 cm) high, 24 in. (61 cm) deep, and 17.5 in. (44.5 cm) wide. The

The router front-to-back position of the front mounting rails inside the cabinet.

If you mount the router in a cabinet, be sure that ventilation is sufficient to prevent overheating.

might not fit into an 800-mm-deep cabinet, even if you adjust the

The rack must be strong enough to support the weight of the fully configured router, up to about 61 routers in one rack, it must be capable of supporting about 940 lb (427 kg).

lb (27.6 kg) for the M5 router or 67 lb (29.5 kg) for the M10 router. If you stack 14

38 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Figure 16: Typical Center-Mount Rack

7 ft

(2.13 m)

19 in. (48.3 cm)

Rack Requirement

Mounting rails

Spacing of Mounting Holes

les in the mounting brackets are spaced at 2 U (3.5 in. or 8.89 cm), so the router can

The ho be mounted in any rack that provides holes spaced at that distance.

Connection to Building Structure

Always secure the rack to the structure of the building. If your geographical area is subject to earthquakes, bolt the rack to the floor. For maximum stability, also secure the rack to

ng brackets. For more information, see “Rack-Mounting Requirements and Warnings”

ceili on page 147.

Floor bolts

1011

Prepare for Router Installation

Router Environme

ntal Tolerances

Clearance Requirements for Airflow and Hardware Maintenance

When planning rack (see Figure 17):

• For the coolin

unrestricted. Allowing at least 6 in. ( 15.2 cm) o f clearance between each side of the chassis and adjacent racks or equipment is recommended, particularly for routers in which air flo in the M5 and M10 routers.

• For service p

adequate space at the front and back of the router. Allow at least 24 in. (61 cm) in front of the router and 19 in. (48.3 cm) behind it.

Figure 17: Chassis Dimensions and Clearance Requirements

Clearance required

the installation site, you need to allow sufficient clearance around the

g system to function properly, the airflow around the chassis must be

ws from side to side through the chassis. Figure 10 depicts the airflow

ersonnel to remove and install hardware components, there must be

for maintenance

17.5"

44.5 cm

24"

(61 cm)

6" (15.2 cm)

for airflow

19" (48.3 cm)24" (61 cm)

Clearance required

for maintenance

Rear of chassisFront of chassis

19"

(48.3 cm)

Router Environmental Tolerances

Table 8 specifies the environmental conditions required for normal router operation. In addition, the site should be as dust-free as possible. Dust can clog air intake vents, reducing cooling system efficiency. Check the vents frequently, cleaning them as necessary. For more information, see “Maintain Hardware Components” o n page 75.

Table 8: Router Environmental Tolerances

Description Tolerance

Altitude No performance degradation to 10,000 ft (3048 m)

ve humidity

Relati

6" (15.2 cm)

Mounting ear

Normal 90%, noncondensing

operation ensured in relative humidity range of 5% to

1303

for airflow

40 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Description Tolerance

Temperature

Seismic

Fire Safety Requirements

Fire Safety Requi

Normal operation ensured in temperature range of 32° F to 104°F(0°Cto40°C)

Designed to meet Bellcore Zone 4 earthquake requirements

Install the router only in restricted areas, such as dedicated equipment rooms and equipment closets, in accordance with Articles 110-16, 110-17, and 110-18 of the National Electrical Code, A NSI/NFPA 70.

For additional safety guidelines and requirements, see “Safety and Regulatory Compliance Information” on page 129.

rements

In the event of people is the primary concern. You should establish procedures for protecting people in the event of a fire emergency, provide safety training, and properly provision fire-control equipment a

In addition, you should establish procedures to protect your equipment in the event of a fire emergency electronic equipment. We recommend that fire suppression equipment be available in the event of a fire in the vicinity of the equipment, and that all local fire, safety, and electrical codes and o

of a fire emergency involving routers and other network equipment, the safety

nd fire extinguishers.

. Juniper Networks products should be installed in an environment suitable for

rdinances be observed when installing and operating your equipment.

Fire Suppression

In the eve the equipment at the source. Then use a Type C fire extinguisher, which uses noncorrosive fire retardants, to extinguish the fire. For more information about fire extinguishers, see “Fire Sup

nt of an electrical hazard or an electrical fire, you should first turn power off to

pression Equipment” on page 41.

Fire Suppression Equipment

Type C f ir (CO2) and Halotron™, are most effective for suppressing electrical fires. Type C fire extinguishers displace the oxygen from the point of combustion to eliminate the fire. For exti cooling, you should use this type of inert oxygen displacement extinguisher instead of an extinguisher that leave residues on equipment.

e extinguishers, which use noncorrosive fire retardants such as carbon dioxide

nguishing fire on or around equipment that draws air from the environment for

Do not use multipurpose Type ABC chemical fire extinguishers (dry chemical fire extinguishers) near Juniper Networks equipment. The primary ingredient in these fire

uishers is monoammonium phosphate, which is very sticky and difficult to clean.

exting

Prepare for Router Installation

Power Guidelines

, Requirements, and Specifications

In addition, in minute amounts of moisture, monoammonium pho sphate can become highly corrosive and corrodes most metals.

Any equipment in a room in which a chemical fire extinguisher has been discharged is subject to premature failure and unreliable operation. The equipment is considered to be irreparabl

We recommend that you dispose of any irreparably damaged equipm ent in an environme

y damaged.

To keep warranties effective, do not use a dry chemical fire extinguisher to control a fire at or near a Juniper Networks router. If a dry chemical fire extinguisher is used, the unit is no longer eligible for coverage under a service agreement.

ntally responsible manner.

Power Guidelines, Requirements, and Specifications

The router located at the bottom rear of the chassis, as shown in Figure 3. The power supplies connect to the midplane, which distributes power to router components according to their individu automatically share the electrical load. If a power supply stops functioning for any reason, the remaining power s upplies instantly begin providing all the power the router needs for normal fu

For site wiring and power system guidelines, requirements, and specifications, see the following sections:

uses either AC or DC power. There are two load-sharing, isolated power supplies

al voltage requirements. When the power supplies are installed and operational, they

nctioning and can provide full power indefinitely.

Mixing AC and DC power supplies is not supported. The two power supplies must be e

ither both AC or both DC.

• Site Electrical Wiring Guidelines on page 43

• Router Power Requirements on page 43

• AC Grounding and Power Cord Specifications on page 45

• DC Groun

ding, Connection, and Cable Specifications on page 46

42 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Site Electrical Wiring Guidelines

Power Guidelines

, Requirements, and Specificatio ns

When planning following sections.

Distance Limitations for Signaling

Improperly installed wires can emit radio interference. In addition, the potential for damage from lightning strikes increases if wires exceed recommended distances, or if wires pass between buildings. The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) caused by lightning can damage unshielded conductors and destroy electronic devices. If your site has previously experienced such problems, you might want to consult experts in electrical surge suppression and shielding.

Radio Frequency Interference

You can reduc site wiring by using twisted-pair c able with a good distribution of grounding conductors. If you must exceed the recommended distances, use a high-quality twisted-pair cable with one ground c

Electromagnetic Compatibility

If your site is susceptible to problems with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), particularly from lightning or radio transmitters, you might want to seek expert advice. Strong sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) can destroy the signal drivers and receivers in the router and conduct power surges over the lines into the equipment, resulting in an electrical hazard. It is particularly important to provide a properly grounded and shielded environment and to use electrical surge-suppression devices.

the electrical wiring at your site, consider the factors discussed in the

e or eliminate the emission of radio frequency interference (RFI) from your

onductor for each data signal when applicable.

Router Power Requirements

Table 9 lists t he power requirements for various hardware components when the router is operating under typical voltage conditions. For PIC power requirements, see the M5 and M10 Internet Routers PIC Guide.

To comply with intrabuilding lightning/surge requirements, intrabuilding wiringmustbeshielded,andtheshieldforthewiringmustbegrounded at both ends.

Prepare for Router Installation

Power Guidelines

, Requirements, and Specifications

Table 9: Component Power Requirements

Component

Base system (all components except PICs, with fans running at normal speed)

Fans running at full speed (additional power

Power Requirement (Watts)

188 (approximate)

40 (approximate)

Power Requirement (Amps)

4A/48V (approximate)

0.833 A/48 V

required)

Routing Engine 17

FEB 50

0.2 A/48 V

1.1 A/48 V

You can use the information in Table 9 and the M5 and M10 Internet Routers PIC Guide to calculate power consumption for various hardware configurations, input current from a different s

ource voltage, and thermal output, as shown in the following examples. (For an

added safety margin, the examples use a generalized value for PICs of 0.625 A/48 V each.)

• Power consu

mption for minimum configuration:

Base system + 1 FEB + 1 Routing Engine + 1 PIC = 4A+1.1A++0

.2 A + 0.625 A = 5.925 A @ 48 V = 284 W DC

• Power consumption for maximum configuration (M5 router):

Base system + 1 FEB + 1 Routing Engine + 4 PICs = 4 A + 1.1 A + 0.2 A + 4(0.625 A) = 4A +1.1A +0.

2 A + 2.5 A = 9.6 A @ 48 V = 461 W DC

• Power consumption for maximum configuration (M10 router):

Base system + 1 FEB + 1 Routing Engine + 8 PICs = 4 A + 1.1 A + 0.2 A + 8(0.625 A) = 4A + 1.1A +0.

2 A + 5 A = 10.3 A @ 48 V = 494 W DC

• Input current from a DC source other than 48 V (based on maximally configured M10

router; app

• System ther

lies to DC power supply only):

(54 VDC input) x (input current X) = (48 VDC input) x (input current Y) 54 x X = 48 x 10 X = 48 x 10.3 A / 5 4 = 9.1 A

.3 A

mal output for maximally configured AC-powered M10 router:

Watts DC/85% AC PEM efficiency/0.293 = BTU/hr 494/0.85/0

.293 = 1984 BTU/hr

• System thermal output for maximally configured DC-powered M10 router:

Watts DC/0.293 = BTU/hr 494/0.293 = 1686 BTU/hr

44 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Power Guidelines

If you plan to operate a maximally configured DC-powered router, we recommend that circuit breaker rated for 20 A minimum. Doing so enables you to operate the router in a and allows the router to function at full capacity using one power supply.

If you plan to operate a DC- powered router at less than the maximum configuration and do not provision a 20 A circuit breaker, we recommend that you provision a circuit breaker rated for at least 125% of the continuous current that the system draws at 48 V.

you provision at least 13.5 A @ 48 VDC and use a facility

ny configuration without upgrading the power infrastructure,

AC Grounding and Power Cord Specifications

To ground an AC-powered router, plug each power supply into a grounded AC power receptacle. The receptacle provides the grounding for the router, so no additional grounding is necessary. The receptacle must be within about 8 ft (2.5 m) of the router and must be easily accessible.

, Requirements, and Specificatio ns

Detachable AC power cords, each 2.5 m (approximately 8 ft) long, are supplied with the router. The appliance coupler at the female end of the cord inserts into the ap pliance inlet on the faceplate of the AC power supply. The coupler is type C13 as described by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 60320. The plug at the male end of the power cord fits into the power source receptacle that is standard for your geographical location.

Table 10 provides specifications and Figure 18 depicts the plug on the AC power cord provided for each country or region.

Table 10: AC Power Cord Specifications

Country Electri

Australia

Europe (except Italy and United Kingdom)

Italy

Japan

North America

United Kingdom

In North America, AC power cords must not exceed 4.5 m (approximately

14.75 ft) in length, to comply with National Electrical Code (NEC) Sections 400-8 (NFPA 75, 5-2.2) and 210-52, and Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) Section 4-010(3). The cords supplied with the router are in compliance.

cal Specification

240 VAC, 50 Hz AC

220 or 230 VAC, 50 Hz AC

230 VAC, 50 Hz AC

110VAC,50or60HzAC 498G

120 VAC, 60 Hz AC NEMA 5-15P

240 VAC, 50 Hz AC

Plug Typ

SAA/3

VII

I/3/16

BS89/3

Prepare for Router Installation 45

Power Guidelines

Figure 18: AC Plug Types

, Requirements, and Specifications

ItalyEurope UKAustralia

For information about the AC power supply, including electrical specifications and a descriptio connecting the power cord during initial installation, see “Connect Power to an AC-Powered Router” on page 65. For instructions on replacing the power cord on an operating router, see “Disconnec

n of components, see “AC Power Supply” on page 17. For instructions on

t and Connect AC Power” on page 101.

Power cords and cables must not block access to router components or drape where people could trip on them.

Japan North America

DC Grounding, Connection, and Cable Specifications

To ground it to one of the chassis grounding points on the upper rear edge of the chassis. To supply power to the router, connect power cables to a separate, dedicated DC power source for each pow supply. Most sites distribute DC power through a main conduit that leads to frame-mounted DC power distribution panels, one of which might be located at the top of the rack that houses t terminals to the power distribution panel.

a DC-powered router, connect a grounding cable to earth ground and then attach

er supply and attach the cables to the quick connect terminals o n each power

he router. A pair of cables (one input and one return) connects the quick connect

1013

1 sum marizes the specifications for the grounding and power cables, which you supply.

Ta b l e 1

Table 11: DC Power and Grounding Cable Specifications

Cable Type Quantity and Specification

Power

Grounding One 12-AWG (3.33 mm2) single-strand-count wire cable

-AWG (3.33 mm2) single-strand-count wire cables

Two 1 2

46 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Maximum Equal Length

None

Power Guidelines

For field-wiring c onnections, use copper conductors only.

For other electrical safety information, see “Electrical Safety Guidelines and Warnings” on page 135.

Figure 19 shows how to attach the grounding and power cables. The grounding cable attaches to o accessory box shipped with the router contains the lug used to secure the grounding cable the grounding point. The power cables insert into the quick connect terminals located on each power suppl

ne of the grounding points on the upper edge of the router rear panel. The

y— the input terminal is labeled -48V and the return terminal is labeled RTN.

Before router installation begins, a licensed electrician must attach the cable lug to the grounding cable that you supply. A cable with an incorrectly attached lug can damage the router (for example, by causing a short circuit).

, Requirements, and Specificatio ns

Figure 19: DC Power and Grounding Cable Connections

-48V

RTN

Grounding

lug

Grounding

point

To ground

1331

For information about the DC power supply, including electrical specifica tions and a description of compo nents, see “DC Power Supply” on page 18. For instructions on

Prepare for Router Installation

Network Cable Spe

cifications and Guidelines

connecting the DC power and grounding cables during initial installation, see “Connect Power to a DC-Powered Router” on page 66. For instructions on replacing the cables on an operating rou

ter, see “Disconnect and Connect DC Power” on page 108.

Power cords and cables must not block access to router components or drape where people could trip on them.

Network Cable Specifications and Guidelines

The various multimodeandsingle-modefiber-opticcable. Formoreinformation,seethefollowing sections:

PICs supported on the router accept different kinds of network cable, including

• Fiber O p tic and Network Cable Specifications on page 48

• Signal Loss in Multimode and Single-Mode Fib er-Optic Cable on page 48

• Attenuation and Dispersion in Fiber-Optic Cable on page 49

• Calculatin

g Power Budget for Fiber-Optic Cable on page 49

• Calculating Power Margin for Fiber-Optic Cable on page 50

• Attenuate to Prevent Saturation at SONET/SDH PICs on page 51

Fiber Optic and Network Cable Specifications

The router supports PICs that use various kinds of network cable, including multimode and single-mode fiber-optic cable. For information about the type of cable used by each PIC, see the M5 and M1

0 Internet Routers PIC Guide.

Signal Loss in Multimode and Single-Mode Fiber-Optic Cable

Multimode off the walls of the fiber). Interfaces with multimode optics typically use LEDs as light sources. LEDs are not coherent sources, however . They spray varying wavelengths of light into the mu lines through a multimode fiber, causing signal dispersion. When light traveling in the fiber core radiates into the fiber cladding, higher-order mode loss (HOL) results. Together these factors l

fiber is large enough in diameter to allow rays of light to reflect internally (bounce

ltimode fiber, which reflects the light at different angles. Light rays travel in jagged

imit the transmission distance of multimode fiber compared to single-mode fiber.

Single-mode fiber is so small in diameter t hat rays of light can reflect internally through one layer onl single wavelength of light, which travels in a straight line through the single-mode fiber.

y. Interfaces with single-mode optics use lasers as light sources. Lasers generate a

48 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Network Cable Spe

Compared with multimode fiber, single-mode fiber has higher bandwidth and can carry signals for longer distances. It is consequently more expensive.

For information about the maximum transmission distance and supported wavelength rangeforthetypesofsingle-modeandmultimodefiber-opticcableusedbyPICson theM5andM10r the maximum transmission distances can result in significant signal loss, which c auses unreliable transmission.

The router uses optical lasers for SONET/SDH PIC single-mode interfaces. These optics comply with IR-1 of Bellcore GR-253-CORE Issue 2, December 1995 and ANSI TI.105.06.

outers, see the M5 and M10 Internet Routers PIC Guide. Exceeding

cifications and Guidelines

Attenuation

and Dispersion in Fiber-Optic Cable

Correct functioning of an optical data link depends on modulated light reaching the receiver with enough p light signal as it is transmitted. Attenuation is caused by passive media components, such as cables, cable splices, and connectors. While attenuation is significantly lower for optical fiber than for oth efficient optical data link must have enough light available to overcome attenuation.

Dispersion

can affect an optical data link:

• Chromatic

speeds of light rays.

• Modal disp

propagation modes in the fiber.

For multim attenuation, usually limits the maximum bit rate and link length. For single-mode transmission, modal dispersion is not a factor. However, at higher bit rates and over longer distance

An efficient optical data link must have enough light to exceed the minimum power that the receiver be less than the lim its specified for the type of link in Telcordia Technologies document GR-253-CORE(Section4.3)andInternational Telecommunications Union (ITU) document G.957.

ower to be demodulated correctly. Attenuation is the reduction in power of the

er media, it still occurs in both multimode and single-mode transmission. An

is the spreading of the signal in time. The following two types of dispersion

dispersion—The spreading of the signal in time resulting from the different

ersion—The spreading of the signal in time resulting from the different

ode transmission, modal dispersion, rather than chromatic dispersion or

s, chromatic dispersion rather than modal dispersion limits maximum link length.

requires to operate within its specifications. In addition, the total dispersion must

When chromatic dispersion is at the maximum allowed, its effect can be considered as a power pe component attenuation, power penalties (including those from dispersion), and a safety margin for unexpected losses. For more information about power budget, see “Calculating Power Bu

nalty in the power budget. The optical power budget must allow for the sum of

dget for Fiber-Optic Cable” on page 49.

Calculating Power Budget for Fiber-Optic Cable

To ensur to calculate the link’s power budget, which is the maximum amount of power it can transmit.

e that fiber-optic connections have sufficient power for correct operation, you need

Prepare for Router Installation

Network Cable Spe

cifications and Guidelines

When you calculate the power budget, you use a worst-case analysis to provide a margin of error, even though all the parts of an actual system do not operate at the worst-case levels. To calculate the power (PT) and minimum receiver sensitivity (PR):

worst-case estimate of power budget (PB), you assume minimum transmitter

PB=PT–P

The following hypothetic a l power budget equation uses values measured in decibels (dB) and decibels ref

PB=PT–P

PB= –15 dBm – (–28 dBm)

PB=13dB

erred to one milliwatt (dBm):

Calculating Power Margin for Fiber-Optic Cable

After calcul Budget for Fiber-Optic Cable” on page 49), you can calculate the power margin (PM), which represents the amount of power available af ter sub tracting attenuation or link loss (LL)from the power bu

PM=PB–LL

A PMgreater than zero indicates that the power budget is sufficient to operate the receiver.

Factors tha dispersion, connectors, splices, and fiber attenuation. Table 12 lists an estimated amount of loss for the factors used in the following sample calculations. For information about the actual amount of si

ating a link’s power b udget (using the equation described in “Calculating Power

dget (PB). A worst-case estimate of PMassumes maximum LL:

t can cause link loss include higher-order mode losses, modal and chromatic

gnal loss caused by equipment and other factors, refer to vendor documentation.

Table 12: Estimated Values for Factors Causing Link Loss

Link-Loss Factor Estimated Link-Loss Value

Higher-order mode losses Single-mode—None

Modal and chromatic dispersion Single-mode—None

Connector

Splice 0.5 dB

Fiber attenuation Single-mode—0.5 dB/km

50 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Multimode—0.5 dB

Multimode—None, if product of bandwidth and distance is less than 500 MHz–km

0.5 dB

Multimode

—1 dB/km

Network Cable Spe

The following example uses the estimated values in Table 12 to calculate link loss (LL)fora 2 km-long multimode link with a power budget (PB)of13dB:

cifications and Guidelines

• Fiber attenuation for 2 km @ 1.0 dB/km= 2 dB

• Loss for five c

onnectors @ 0.5 dB per connector = 5(0.5 dB) = 2.5 dB

• Loss for two splices @ 0.5 dB per splice =2(0.5 dB) = 1 dB

• Higher-order loss = 0.5 dB

• Clock recover

The power margin (PM) is calculated as follows:

PM=PB–LL

PM=13dB–2km(

PM=13dB–2dB–2.5dB–1dB–0.5dB–1dB

PM=6dB

The following of 13 dB uses the estimated values from Table 12 to calculate link loss (LL)asthesumof fiber attenuation (8 km @ 0.5 dB/km, or 4 dB) and loss for seven connectors (0.5 dB per connector, o

PM=PB–LL

PM=13dB–8km(0.5dB/km)–7(0.5dB)

y module = 1 dB

1.0 dB/km) – 5 (0.5 dB) – 2 (0.5 dB) – 0.5 dB [HOL] – 1 dB [CRM]

sample calculation for an 8 km-long single-mode link with a power budget (PB)

r3.5dB).Thepowermargin(PM)iscalculatedasfollows:

PM=13dB–4dB

PM=5.5dB

In both examples, the calculated power margin is greater than zero, indicating that the link has sufficient power for transmission and does not exceed the maximum receiver input power.

–3.5dB

Attenuate to Prevent Saturation at SONET/SDH PICs

SONET/SDH i (IR), and long reach (LR)— generate different output power levels and tolerate different input power levels. Interfaces that h ave a longer reach can transmit enough power to saturate the receive PICs, and both IR and LR interfaces can saturate SR PICs. Interfaces in the same reach class can also potentially saturate one another.

To prevent saturation, you might need to attenuate power at the PIC receiver, particularly if you know that it has a shorter reach than the interface that is sending the signal. Determine the amount

nterfaces in the different reach classes—short reach (SR), intermediate reach

rs on PICs that have a shorter reach. Specifically, LR interfaces can saturate IR

of attenuation needed by measuring the power level at each receiver. Attenuate

Prepare for Router Installation

Site Preparation

Checklist

the power to bring it within the allowable range; for short lengths of fiber, with fiber and connector loss close to zero, an attenuator of 5 to 10 dB should be sufficient.

For specifications of minimum and maximum input level (receiver sensitivity and receiver saturation) and minimum and maximum output level (average launch power) for the SONET/SDH PIC

s supported on the M5 and M10 routers, see the M5 and M10 Internet

Routers PIC Guide.

Cable Specifications for Routing Engine Management Interfaces

For managem ent and service operations, you connect the Routing Engine to an external console or management network through ports on the craft interface. For information about the ports, se

Table 13 lists the specifications for the cables that connect to management ports.

e “Routing Engine Interface Ports and Status Indicators” on page 15.

Table 13: Cable Specifications for Routing Engine Management Interfaces

Port

Routing Engine console or auxiliary interface

Routing Engine Ethernet interface

Cable Specification

RS-232 (EIA-232) serial

Category 5

cable or equivalent suitable f

100BaseT

Cable/Wire Supplied

One 6-ft (1.83-m) length with DB-9/DB-9 connectors

One 15-ft (

4.57-m) length with RJ-45/RJ-

connectors

operation

Site Preparation Checklist

The checkl forrouterinstallation.

Table 14: Site Preparation Checklist

Item or Task

Verify t as temperature and humidity do not exceed r Environmental Tolerances” on page 40).

Measure distance between external power sources and router installation site.

ist in Table 14 summarizes the tasks you need to perform w hen preparing a site

Performed By Date Notes

hat environmental factors such

outer tolerances (see “Router

Maximum Length

Router Receptacle

6 ft (1.83 m) DB-9 male

RJ-45

328 ft (100

autosensing

52 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Site Preparation

Checklist

Item or Task

Select the type of rack.

Plan rack location, including required space clearances.

Secure rack to floor and building structure.

Acquire cables and connectors.

Locate sites for connection of system grounding.

Calculate power budget and power margin.

Performed By Date Notes

Prepare for Router Installation 53

Site Preparation

Checklist

54 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Chapter 6

Unpack the Router

This chapter explains how to unpack the router and verify the parts received. Before beginning, on page 37 and review the safety information in “Safety and Regulatory Compliance Information” on page 129, especially “General Safety Guidelines and Warnings” on page 131 and “Instal following topics:

• Tools Required on page 55

prepare the installation site as described in “Prepare for Router Installation”

lation Safety Guidelines and Warnings” on page 146. This chapter discusses the

Tools Required

Unpack the Router

• Unpack the R

outer on page 55

• Choose Front or Center Mounting on page 57

To unpack the router and prepare for installation, you need the following tools:

• Utility knife for cutting the sealing tape on the shipping carton

• Phillips (+) screwdriver, to move the mounting brackets and install the support shelf

if front-mounting the router

The router is shipped in a cardboard carton, held in place with foam packing material. The crate also contains an accessory box, the front-mounting shelf, and the M5 and M10 Internet Router Installation Quick Start poster.

The router is maximally protected inside the shipping carton. Do not unpack it until you are ready to begin installation.

To unpack the router, perform these steps:

1. Move the shipping carton to a staging area as close to the installation site as possible.

Unpack the Router

2. Position the carton so that the arrows are pointing up.

3. Using a utility knife, cut through the sealing tape on the top seam of the carton. Open the top flaps of the carton.

4. Remove the accessory box and packing material from the top of the router.

5. Open the accessory box and verify the contents against the parts inventory on the label attached to t

he box.

6. Remove the r

7. Verify the c

8. Save the shipping carton, packing materials, and pallet in case you later need to

Figure 20: Unpack the Router

outer from the shipping carton.

hassis components received against the packing list included with the router.

A generic parts inventory appears in Table 15.

move or ship the router.

Accessory box Packing material

Router Shipping carton

Table 15: Generic Inventory of Router Components

onent

Comp

Fan tray 1

FEB 1

56 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Quan

1339

tity

Component Quantity

Front-mounting shelf

Mounting ears 2

PIC and PIC blank

Power supply

Routing Engine 1

Choose Front or Center Mounting

You can mount t he router into either a center-mount rack, or into front-mount rack, four-post rack, or cabinet. In general, a center-mount rack is preferable, because the more even distribution of weight in the center-mount rack provides greater stability. If installing the router in a front-mount rack, four-post rack, or cabinet, use the shelf that is provided in theshippingcartontosupporttherouter.Before router installation, attach the shelf to the back of the support posts in a front-mount rack, or to the front side of the rear posts in a four-post rack or cabinet .

Choose Front or Ce

Upto4onanM5r

Upto8onanM10router

outer

nter Mounting

The router is shipped with the mounting ears installed in the center-mounting position, asshowninFigure1andFigure2. Ifyouarefront-mountingtherouter,useaPhillips screwdriver to remove the mounting ears from the center-mounting position. Remove the screws from the two holes on each side of the chassis that are approximately 1.5 in. (3.8 cm) back from the router faceplate. Install the mounting ears into those holes. If front-mounting the router, also install the support shelf into therackbeforeinstallingthechassis. Attachthe shelf to the rear of the rack’s front posts.

Unpack the Router

Choose Front or Ce

nter Mounting

58 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Chapter 7

Install the Router

Because the router weighs between 57 lb (25.8 kg) and about 61 lb (27.6 kg) for the M5 router or 67 lb (29.

If you do not use a mechanical lift, installing the chassis safely requires two people to lift and an addit

This chapter has the following sections:

• Tools and Parts Required on page 59

• Install the Chassis into the Rack on page 59

Tools and Parts Required

5 kg) for the M10 router, using a mechanical lift to install it is recommended.

ional person to insert the mounting screws.

To instal l t parts:

• Mechanical

he chassis into a rack using a mechanical lift, you need the following tools and

lift (recommended)

• Phillips (+) screwdrivers, numbers 1 and 2

Install the Chassis into the Rack

Using a mechanical lift to maneuver the router into the rack is recommended because of the router’s size and weight. The lift must be able to accommodate the router’s weight—between 57 lb (25.8 router depending on configuration—and must fit between the support posts of the rack.

First, p

kg) and about 61 lb (27.6 kg) for the M5 router or 67 lb (29.5 kg) for the M10

If you are installing multiple routers in one rack, install the lowest one first and proceed upward in the rack.

erform the following prerequisite procedures:

• Verify that the router site meets the requirements described in “Prepare for Router

ation” on page 37.

Install

Install the Router

Install the Chass

is into the Rack

• Place the rack in its permanent location, allowing adequate clearance for airflow

• Read the information in “Installation Safety Guidelines and Warnings” on page 146,

• Remove the router from the shipping carton, as described in “Unpack the Router”

Then, perform the following procedures to install the router:

1. If you are front-mounting the router, move the mounting ears on the chassis from the

and maintenance, and secure it to the building structure. For details, see “Rack Requirements

with particul

on page 55.

center-mounting position to the front-mounting position, and install the support shelf. For instruct

” on page 37.

ar attention to “Chassis Lifting Guidelines” on page 146.

ions, see “Choose Front or Center Mounting” on page 57.

2. Position th

• If using a me

• If not using

3. Align the bottom hole in both mounting ears with a hole in each rack rail, making sure the chassis is level.

4. Install one o f the mounting screws provided (in the accessory box shipped with the router) i screws.

5. Install a mounting screw into the top hole in each mounting ear.

6. Verify that the router is level.

7. If using a mechanical lift, move it away from the rack.

8. To continue the installation, proceed to “Con nect the Router and Perform Initial Configuration” on page 61.

e chassis at the appropriate height in the rack:

chanical lift, load the router onto the lift, making sure it rests securely

on the lift platform. Use the lift to raise the chassis to the correct height.

a mechanical lift, have one person stand behind the router and another person in front. Grasp the chassis, lift it, and position it at the correct height. Have athirdpersonreadytoinstallthemountingscrews.

nto each of the two aligned holes. Use a Phillips screwdriver to tighten the

60 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Chapter 8

Connect the Router and Perform Initial Configuration

After installing the router into the rack as described in “Initial I nstallation” on page 35, complete th cables. This chapter has the following sections:

• Tools and Parts Required on page 61

e installation by connecting management and alarm devices, PICs, and power

• Connect the

Router to Management Devices on page 61

• Connect PIC Cables on page 63

• Provide Power to the Router on page 65

• Configure the JUNOS Internet Software on page 69

Tools and Parts Required

To connect the router to management devices and PICs and to power on the router, you need the following tools and parts:

• Phillips (+) screwdrivers, numbers 1 and 2

• Flat-blade(-)screwdrivers,2.5mmand3mm

• Electrostatic damage (ESD) grounding wrist strap

Connect the Router to Management Devices

After you have installed the router into the rack, attach one or more external devices to the ports on the craft interface that connect to the Routing Engine for management and service operations (see Figure 21). For specifications for the cable accepted by the Routing Engine management ports, see “Cable Specifications for Routing Engine Management Interfaces” on page 52.

Connect the Router and Perform Initial Configuration

Connect the Route

r to Management Devices

Figure 21: Routing Engine Management Ports

Red alarm LED

Lamp test button

Yellow alarm LED

Link status LED Routing Engine

Activity status LED

ports

PIC0/3 PIC1/3

PIC0/2 PIC1/2

PIC online/offline buttons

To connect external devices to the Routing Engine management ports, perform the procedures described in the following sections:

• Connect to a Network for Out-of-Band Management on page 62

• Connect to a Management Console or Auxiliary Device on page 63

Connect to a Network for Out-of-Band Management

To connect Ethernet cable with RJ-45/RJ-45 co nnectors to the MGMT port on the craft interface. One such cable is provided with the router. For cable specifications, see “Cable Specifications for Routing En

1. Turn off the power to the management device.

2. Plug one end of the Ethernet cable (Figure 22 shows the connector) into the MGMT port

3. Plug the o

the Routing Engine to a network for out-of-band management, connect an

gine Management Interfaces” on page 52. Follow this procedure:

on the cra

ftinterface(seeFigure21).

ther end of the cable into the network device.

PIC0/1 PIC1/1

PIC0/0 PIC1/0

1336

62 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Figure 22: Routing Engine Ethernet Cable Connector

Connect to a Management Console or Auxiliary Device

Connect PIC Cable

1063

To use a sys CONSOLE port on the craft interface. To use a laptop, modem, or other auxiliary device, connect it to the appropriate AUX/MODEM port on the craft interface. Both ports accept an RS-232 (EI therouter. Ifyouwanttoconnectadevicetoboth ports, you must supply another cable. See “Cable Specifications for Routing Engine Management Interfaces” on page 52. To connect a manageme

1. Turn off the power to the console or au xiliary device.

2. Plug the female end (shown in Figure 23) of the provided console cable into the

3. Usinga2

4. Attach t

Figure 23: Console and Auxiliary Serial Port Connector

tem console to configure and manage the Routing Engine, connect it to the

A-232) serial cable with DB-9/DB-9 connectors. One such cable is provided with

nt console or auxiliary device, follow this procedure:

CONSOLE

or AUX/MODEM port (see Figure 21).

.5 mm flat-blade screwdriver, tighten the screws on the connector.

he other end of the cable to the console or auxiliary device.

1027

Connect PIC Cables

Now connect PICs to the network by plugging in network cable. To connect cable to the PICs, follow this procedure (see Figure 24, which shows a fiber-optic PIC):

1. HavereadyalengthofthetypeofcableusedbythePIC.Forcablespecifications,see the M5 and M10 Internet Routers PIC Guide.

Connect the Router and Perform Initial Configuration

Connect PIC Cable

2. If the PIC cable connector port is covered by a rubber safety plug, remove the plug.

Do not look directly into the ends of fiber-optic cables or into the transceivers on the interface faceplate. Single-mode fiber-optic cable and the interfaces that use it (such as ATM and SONET/SDH interfaces) emit laser light that can damage your eyes.

Do not leave a fiber-optic transceiver uncovered except when inserting or removing cable. The safety cap keeps the port clean and prevents accidental exposure to laser light.

3. Insert the cable connector into the cable connector port on the PIC faceplate.

4. Arrange the cable in the cable management system to prevent it from dislodging or developing stres it hangs to the floor. Place excess cable out of the way in a neatly coiled loop in the cable management system. Placing fasteners on the loop helps to maintain its shape.

s points. Secure the cable so that it is not supporting its own weight as

Avoid bending fiber-optic cable beyond its minimum bend radius. An arc smaller than a few inches in diameter can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

Do not l et fiber-optic cable hang free from the conn e ctor. Do not allow fastened loops of cable to dangle, which stresses the cable at the fastening point.

64 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Figure 24: Attach Cable to a PIC

PIC

Provide Power to t

he Router

PIC cable

Provide Power to the Router

Connect th procedures:

e router to external power sources and power it on by performing the following

• Connect Power to an AC-Powered Router on page 65

• Connect Po

wer to a DC-Powered Router on page 66

• Power On the Router on page 67

Connect Power to an AC-Powered Router

Connect AC power to the router by plugging the power cord supplied with each power supply into the appliance inlet on the power supply faceplate and into an AC power source receptacle. Follow this procedure:

1. Locate the power cords shipped with the router, which should have a plug appropriate for your geographical location (see “AC Grounding and Power Cord Specifications” on page 45).

1334

2. Attach an electrostatic discharge (ESD) grounding strap to your bare w rist and connect the strap to one of the ESD points on the chassis. For more information about ESD, see “Prevent Electrostatic Discharge Damage” on page 134.

3. Verify that the s witch on each power supply faceplate is in the OFF (O) position.

4. For each power supply, insert the appliance coupler end of a power cord into the appliance inlet on a power supply faceplateandinserttheplugintoanACpowersource receptacle. Verify that the power cord does not block access to router components or drape where people could trip on it.

Connect the Router and Perform Initial Configuration

Provide Power to t

he Router

Connect Power to a DC-Powered Router

Connect DC pow into the quick-connect terminals on the faceplate of each power supply. Power and grounding cables are not supplied with the router. For information about the required cable type, see “DC Grounding

To connect DC power to the router, follow t his procedure (see Figure 25:

er to the router by inserting power cables from external DC power sources

, Connection, and Cable Specifications” on page 46.

The router must be connected to at least two separate external DC power sources.

There is no standard color coding for DC power cables. The color coding used by the external DC power source at your site determines the c olor coding for the leads on the power cables that attach to the terminal studs on the power supply faceplate. You must ensure that power connections maintain the proper polarity. The power source cables might be labeled (+) and (–) to indicate their p olarity.

1. Verify that there is no power flowing from either external power source, so that the voltage across the leads of the power cables is 0 V. Ensure that there is no chance that the cable

2. For each the OFF (O) position.

3. Connect the grounding cable to a proper earth ground for both external DC power sources, if it is not already.

4. Verify that a licensed electrician has attached the cable lug provided with the router to the gro

5. Using a symbols along the upper edge of the chassis rear. Secure the grounding cable lug to the chosen grounding point by reinstalling and tightening the screw.

6. If necessary, strip a short section of the protective cladding from the end of each power cable

7. Threa the quick-connect terminals.

leads might become active during the procedure.

power supply, verify that the power switch on the power supply faceplate is in

unding cable.

Phillips screwdriver, remove the screw that is next to one of the grounding

so that the metal core can come in direct contact with the quick-connect terminal.

d the power cables through the hook located on the faceplate to the right of

66 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Provide Power to t

8. Insert the exposed end of each power cable straight into the appropriate quick-connect terminal:

he Router

• Insert the positive (+) source cable into the return terminal, which is labeled RTN.

• Insert the negative (–) source cable into the input terminal, which is labeled –48V.

9. Usinga3-mmfl clockwise to tighten the terminal connector around the cable.

10. Verify that the DC source power cabling and the grounding cabling are correct, that they are not touching or blocking access to router components, and that they do not drape where p

Figure 25: Connect DC Power and Grounding Cables

at-blade screwdriver, turn the screw on each quick-connect terminal

eople could trip on them.

-48V

Grounding

point

RTN

Grounding

lug

Power On the Router

To power on the router, follow this procedure:

1. Verify that the power supplies are fully inserted in the chassis and the thumbscrews on their faceplates are tightened.

Connect the Router and Perform Initial Configuration

To ground

1331

Provide Power to t

he Router

2. For each power supply on an AC-powered router, verify that the ends of the power cord are firmly plugged into the appliance inlet on the power supply faceplate and the external p

ower source receptacle.

For each power are connected to the appropriate terminal on the power supply faceplate: the positive (+) source cable to the return terminal (labeled RTN) and the negative (–) source cable to the input t

3. Verify that a ports on the craft interface (AUX/MODEM, CONSOLE,orMGMT). For more information on connecting management devices, see “Connect the Router to Management Devices” on

4. Turn on the p

5. Press the p DC power supplies, the switch is located on the power supply faceplate.

6. Verify that the OUTPUT OK LED o n the power supply faceplate eventually lights steadily.

supply on a DC-powered router, verify that the source DC power cables

erminal (labeled –48V).

n external management device is connected to one of the Routing Engine

page 61.

ower to the external management device.

ower switch for one power supply to the ON ( | ) position. On both AC and

After powering off a power supply, wait at least 60 seconds before turning i 60 seconds before turning it off.

If the router is completely powered down when you power on the power supply, the Routing Engine boots as the power supply completes its startup sequence. If the Routing Engine finishes booting and you need to power down the router again, first issue the CLI request system halt command. For more information, see “Disconnect ACPowerfromtheRouter”onpage102or“DisconnectDCPowerfrom the Router” on page 109.

t back on. After powering on a power supply, wait at least

After a power supply is powered on, it can take up to 60 seconds for status indicators—such as LEDs on the power supply and show chassis commands—to indicate that the power supp ly is functioning nor mally. Ignore error indicators that appear during the first 60 seconds.

7. Press the power switch for the second power supply to the ON ( | )positionand verify that the O LED does not light after 60 seconds, verify that the power supply is properly inserted into the chassis and repeat the cable installation procedures described in “Connect Power to an AC-P Router” on page 66.

8. On the external management device connected to the Routing Engine, monitor the startup process to verify that the system has booted properly.

UTPUT OK LED on the power supply faceplate lights steadily. If the

owered Router” on page 65 or “Connect Power to a DC-Powered

68 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Configure the JUNOS Internet Software

Configure the JUN

OS Internet Software

The router is s configured when the router is powered on. There are three copies of the software: one on a nonrotating flash drive in the Routing Engine, one on a rotating hard drive in the Routing Engin Engine faceplate.

When the rout not inserted into the Routing Engine or the attempt otherwise fails, the router next tries the flash drive, and finally the hard drive.

You configure the router by issuing JUNOS command-line interface (CLI) commands, either on a console device attached to the CONSOLE port on the craft interface, or over a telnet connection t following information before configuring the router:

• Name the rou

hipped with the JUNOS Internet software preinstalled and ready to be

e, and one on a PC card that can be inserted into the slot in the Routing

er boots, it first attempts to start the image on the PC card. If a PC card is

o a network connected to the MGMT port on the craft interface. Gather the

ter will use on the network

• Domain name the router will use

• IP address and prefix length information for the Ethernet interface

• IP address o

fadefaultrouter

• IP address of a DNS server

• Password for the root user

To con f ig ur

1. If the router is not already turned on, power it on as described in “Power On the

2. Log in as th

3. Start the C

4. Enter configuration mode.

5. Configur

6. Configu re the router’s domain name.

e the software, follow this procedure:

Router” on p

quotation marks (“ ”).

age 67.

e “root” user. There is no password.

LI.

root# cli root@>

cli> configure [edit] root@#

e the name of the router. If the name includes spaces, enclose the name in

[edit] root@# set system host-name host-name

[edit] root@# se

t system domain-name domain-name

Connect the Router and Perform Initial Configuration 69

Configure the JUN

OS Internet Software

7. Configure the IP address and prefix length for the router’s Ethernet interface.

[edit] root@# set interfaces fxp0 unit 0 family inet address address/prefix-length

8. Configure the IP address of a backup router, which is used only while the routing protocol is no

[edit] root@# set system backup-router address

9. Configure the IP address of a DNS server.

[edit] root@# set system name-server address

10. Set the root authentication password by entering either a clear-text password, an encrypted pa

[edit] root@# set system root-authentication plain-text-password New password: password Retype new pa

t running.

ssword, or an ssh public key string (DSA or RSA).

ssword: password

[edit] root@# set system root-authentication encrypted-password encrypted-password

[edit] root@# set system root-authentication ssh-dsa public-key

[edit] root@# set sy

stem root-authentication ssh-rsa public-key

70 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Configure the JUN

11. Optionally, display the configuration to verify that it is correct.

[edit] root@# show system {

host-name host-name; domain-name domain-name; backup-router root-authentication {

authentication-method (password | public-key); } name-server {

address; }

} interfaces {

fxp0 {

unit 0 {

} }

}

address;

family inet {

address address/

}

prefix-length;

OS Internet Software

12. Commit the configuration to activate it on the router.

[edit] root@# commit

13. Optionally, configure additional properties by adding the necessary configuration statements. The

[edit] root@host# commit

n commit the changes to activate them on the router.

14. When you have finished configuring the router, exit configuration mode.

[edit] root@host# exit root@host>

The commands in S

teps 5 through 12 connect the router to the network but do not enable it to forward traffic. For complete information about the commands to issue in Step 13, including examples, see the JUNOS Internet software configuration guides.

Connect the Router and Perform Initial Configuration

Configure the JUN

OS Internet Software

72 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Part 3

Hardware Maintenance, Replacement, and Troubleshooting Procedures

• Maintain Hardware Components on page 75

• Replace Hard

• Troubleshoot Hardware Components on page 121

ware Components on page 81

74 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Chapter 9

Maintain Hardware Components

This chapter describes how to maintain hardware components installed in the router. For informatio “Return the Router or Its Components” on page 163.

• Routine M aintenance Procedures on page 75

n about returning a part to Juniper Networks for repair or replacement, see

• Maintain th

e Fan Tray on page 75

• Maintain Packet Forwarding Engine Components on page 76

• Maintain the Power Supplies on page 78

• Maintain the Routing Engine on page 79

Routine Maintenance Procedures

For optimum router performance, perform the following preventive maintenance procedures on a regular basis:

• Inspect the installation site for potential problems caused by moisture, loose wires or

cables, and excessive dust. Make sure that airflow around the router is unobstructed.

• Check the LEDs on the craft interface and on hardware components. See “Craft

Interface” on page 14.

Maintain the Fan Tray

Thefantrayinstallsintotherearofthechassis,asshowninFigure3. Tocheckthestatusof the fans in the fan tray, issue the show chassis environment command. The output includes an entry for each fan, as shown in this example:

user@host> show chassis environment

Class Item Status Measurement ... Fans Left Fan 1 OK Spinning at normal speed

Left Fan 2 OK Spinning at normal speed Left Fan 3 OK Spinning at normal speed Left Fan 4 OK Spinning at normal speed

...

Maintain Hardware Components 75

Maintain Packet F

orwarding Engine Components

For further description of the output from the command, see the JUNOS Internet Software Operational Mode Command Reference: Protocols, Class of Service, Chassis, and Management.

Maintain Pack

et Forwarding Engine Components

Maintain the FEB

For instructions o n maintaining Packet Forwarding En gine components, see the following sections:

• Maintain the FEB on page 76

• Maintain PICs and PIC Cables on page 76

The Forwarding Engine Board (FEB) installs into the rear of the chassis, as shown in Figure 3. To maintain the FEB, perform the following procedures on a regular basis:

• Check the system logging messages on the management console. The FEB notifies the

Routing Engine of any errors it detects during normal operation.

• Issue the CLI show chassis feb command to check the status of the FEB.

user@host> s

FEB status:

Temperature 32 degreesC/89degrees F CPU utilizati Interrupt utilization 0 percent Heap utilization 18 percent Buffer utiliz Total CPU DRAM 64 MB Internet Processor II Version 1, Foundry IBM, Part number 9 Start time: 20 Uptime: 3 days, 9 hours, 3 minutes, 13 seconds

how chassis feb

on 3 percent

ation 44 percent

03-05-01 15:08:59 PDT

For a description of the output from the command, see the JUNOS Internet Software Operational Mode Command Reference: Protocols, Class of Service, Chassis, and Management.

Maintain PICs

and PIC Cables

To maintain PICs and PIC cables, follow these guidelines:

• Check the LEDs on PIC faceplates. Most PIC faceplates have an LED labeled STATUS.

Some PICs have additional LEDs, often one per port. The meaning of the LED states differs for va Guide. If the FPC that houses the PIC detects a PIC failure, the FPC generates an alarm message to be sent to the Routing Engine.

rious PICs. For more information, see the M5 and M10 Internet Routers PIC

76 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Maintain Packet F

orwarding Engine C omponents

• Issue the CLI show chassis fpc pic-status command. The PIC slots in an FPC are

numbered from 0 through 3,righttoleft:

user@host> show chassis fpc pic-status

Slot 0 Online

PIC 0 4x OC-3 SO PIC 1 1x CSTM1, SMIR PIC 3 2x OC-3 ATM, MM

Slot 1 Online

PIC 0 1x OC-12 SONET, MM PIC 1 1x OC-12 ATM, MM PIC 2 2x OC-3 ATM, PIC 3 2x OC-3 ATM, MM

For further description of the output from the command, see the JUNOS Internet Software Operational Mode Command Reference: Protocols, Class of Service, Chassis, and Management

NET, MM

• Use the cable management system (shown in Figure 11) to support cables and prevent

cables from dis

lodgingordevelopingstresspoints.

• Place excess cable out of the way in the cable management system. Do not allow

fastened loops because this stresses the cable at the fastening point. Putting fasteners on the loops helps to maintain their shape.

of cable to dangle from the connector or cable management system,

• Keep the cable connections clean and free of dust and other particles, which can cause

drops in the received power level. Always inspect cables and clean them if necessary before connec

ting an interface.

• Label both ends of PIC cables to identify them .

The following guidelines apply specifically to fiber-optic cable:

• When you unplu

thetransceiveronthePICfaceplateandontheendofthecable.

• Anchor fiber-

PIC, be sure to secure the fiber so it is not supporting its own weight as it hangs to the floor. Never let fiber-optic cable hang free from the connector.

g a fiber-optic cable from a PIC, always place a rubber safety plug over

optic cable to avoid stress on the connectors. When attaching fiber to a

• Avoid bending fiber-optic cable beyond its bend radius. An arc smaller than a few

inches can damage the cable and cause problems that are difficult to diagnose.

• Frequent plugging and unplugging of fiber-optic cable into and out of optical

instruments, such as ATM or SONET/SDH analyzers, can cause damage to the instrument optical equipment. Any wear and tear due to frequent plugging and unplugging is then absorbed by the short fiber extension, which is easy and inexpensive to replace.

s that is expensive to repair. Instead, attach a short fiber extension to the

• Keep fiber-optic cable connections clean. Small micro-deposits of oil and dust in the

canal of the transceiver or cable connector could cause loss of light, reducing signal power and po

ssibly causing intermittent problems with the optical connection.

Maintain Hardware Components

Maintain the Powe

r Supplies

To clean the transceivers, use an appropriate fiber-cleaning device, such as RIFOCS Fiber Optic Adaptor Cleaning Wands (part number 946). Follow the directions for the cleaning kit y

After you have cleaned the transceiver on th e fiber-optic PIC, make sure that the connector tip fiber-optic cable cleaning kit, such as the Opptex Cletop-S® Fiber Cleaner. Follow the directions for the cleaning kit you use.

Maintain the Power Supplies

To verify that the power supplies are functioning normally, perform the following procedures on a regular basis:

• Check that the blue OUTPUT OK LED is lit on the faceplate of both power supplies.

For more information about the LED, see “Power Supply LEDs and Self-test Button” on page 19.

• Issue the following CLI com mand to check the status of the power supplies. As shown

in the sampl supply is operating normally:

ou use.

of the fiber-optic cable is clean. Use only an approved alcohol-free

e output, the value OK in the Status column indicates that the power

user@host>

Class Item Status Measurement Power Power Supply A OK

...

For further description of the output from the command, see the JUNOS Internet Software Operational Mode Command Reference: Protocols, Class of Service, Chassis, and Managem

show chassis environment

Power Suppl

ent.

yB OK

• Check the red and yellow alarm LEDs on the craft interface. Power supply failure or

removal tri the associated error messages by issuing the following CLI command:

user@host>

For a list of possible alarm messages, see “Hardware and Interface Alarm Messages” on page 122.

ggers an alarm that causes one or both of the LEDs to light. You can display

show chassis alarms

• Verify that the power source has the proper current rating and that each power supply

is connect

ed to a separate power source.

• Verify that the cable or cord connecting the power supply to the external power source

is securel

y in place and that there is no moisture accumulating near the router.

• Verify that the cable or cord from the power source to the router is not damaged. If the

insulatio

n is cracked or broken, replace the cable or cord immediately.

• Verify that the power cables or cord do not touch or obstruct access to other router

component

s, and that they do not drape w here people could trip on them.

78 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

• Verify that the air flow in and out of cooling system components is not obstructed.

Maintain the Routing Engine

Maintain the Rout

ing Engine

The Routing En

gine installs into a slot in the Forwarding Engine Board (FEB) at the rear of the chassis, as shown in Figure 3. To maintain the Routing Engines, issue the CLI show chassis routing-engine command on a regular basis to check the status of the Routing Engin

user@host> show chassis routing-engine

Routing Engin

Temperature 35 degreesC/95degrees F DRAM 768 MB Memory utiliz CPU utilization:

User 0 percent Background 0 pe Kernel 0 percent Interrupt 0 percent

Idle 100 percen Model RE-2.0 Serial ID f1000004f91d2901 Start time 2003Uptime 3 days, 9 hours, 4 minutes, 5 seconds Load averages: 1 minute 5 minute 15 minute

e status:

ation 16 percent

rcent

05-01 15:07:12 PDT

0.04 0.01 0.00

For further description of the output from the command, see the JUNOS Internet Software Operational Mode Command Reference: Protocols, Class of Service, Chassis, and Management.

Maintain Hardware Components

Maintain the Rout

ing Engine

80 M5 and M10 Internet Routers Hardware Guide

Juniper Networks M10, M5 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual