HP HP-UX IPv6 Administrator's Guide

HP-UX IPv6 Transport Administrator Guide

HP-UX 11i v3

HP Part Number: 5992-6426 Published: May 2013 Edition: 4

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About This Document .................................................................................................................7

Intended Audience...................................................................................................7

New and Changed Documentation in This Edition........................................................7

Publishing History.....................................................................................................7

What Is in This Document..........................................................................................8

HP-UX Release Name and Release Identifier............................................................8

Related Documents...................................................................................................9

HP Documentation...............................................................................................9

Related RFCs.......................................................................................................9

HP Welcomes Your Comments.................................................................................10

1 Features Overview.................................................................................................................11

IPv6 Transport........................................................................................................11

New IPv6 Transport Features...............................................................................11

Support for RFC 3542 (Advanced Sockets API for IPv6)...........................................13

Configurable Policy Table Support.......................................................................13

Anycast Address Support....................................................................................13

Support for RFC 4291 (IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture)...................................13

Support for RFC 4213 (Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers).........13

Support for RFC 3484 (Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version 6

(IPv6))..............................................................................................................14

Support for RFC 3493 (Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6)............................14

Support for RFC 4584 (Extension to Sockets API for Mobile IPv6).............................14

Support for RFC 4193 (Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses)...................................14

Support for RFC 4443 (Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6))............14

Support for IPv6 over VLAN................................................................................15

Ability to Disable Autoconfiguration Based on Router Advertisements........................15

Support for RFC 3810 (Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2)).....................15

Support for RFC 3376 (Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3)).....15

Support for RFC 3678 (Socket Extension to Multicast Source Filter API)......................15

Support for RFC 4941 (Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in

IPv6)................................................................................................................15

New ndd Tunables.............................................................................................16

IPv6 Transport Features Available in the Core HP-UX 11i v3 Operating System...........18

Limitations.............................................................................................................21

setparms Not Enhanced for IPv6 Configuration......................................................21

Multihomed Host Limitation.................................................................................21

Distributed File System Limitations.........................................................................22

HP SMH Limitation.............................................................................................22

2 Configuration........................................................................................................................23

Configuring IPv6 Interfaces and Addresses................................................................23

Contents 3

Stateless Autoconfiguration......................................................................................23

Configuring a Primary Interface (Required)............................................................24

Configuring Secondary Interfaces........................................................................24

Configuring Route Information.............................................................................24

Manual Configuration.............................................................................................25

Configuring a Primary Interface...........................................................................25

Configuring Secondary Interfaces........................................................................25

Configuring a Default IPv6 Route.........................................................................26

Configuring Anycast Addresses............................................................................26

Tunneling .........................................................................................................26

Creating an IP6-in-IP Point-to-Point Configured Tunnel.........................................27

Creating a “6to4” Point-to-Multipoint Configured Tunnel.....................................27

Enabling rtradvd (Router Advertiser Daemon)........................................................28

Activating netconf-ipv6 file Configuration..............................................................29

Example ifconfig and route Commands................................................................29

To configure a primary interface, enter:............................................................29

To configure a secondary interface, enter:........................................................29

To configure a secondary interface with an anycast address, enter:.....................30

To add a default IPv6 route, enter: ..................................................................30

To create an IP6-in-IP tunnel, enter:..................................................................30

To create a “6to4” tunnel, enter:.....................................................................30

Configurable Policy Table for Default Address Selection for IPv6...................................30

Configuring Policies Using the ip6addrpol.conf File................................................30

Activating the ip6addrpol.conf File.......................................................................31

Configuring Policies Using the ip6addrpol Command.............................................31

Host Names and IPv6 Addresses..............................................................................31

Creating the /etc/hosts File................................................................................31

Example Host Name Entry.............................................................................32

Name and Address Lookup for IPv6.....................................................................32

Manually editing nsswitch.conf.......................................................................33

3 Troubleshooting.....................................................................................................................34

Troubleshooting Overview.......................................................................................34

Diagnostic Flowcharts.............................................................................................34

Flowchart 1: Transport Level Testing using Internet Services......................................35

Flowchart 1 Procedures..................................................................................35

Flowchart 2: Network Connectivity Test.................................................................36

Flowchart 2 Procedures..................................................................................37

Flowchart 3: Name Service Test...........................................................................38

Flowchart 3 Procedures..................................................................................38

Flowchart 4: Interface Test...................................................................................40

Flowchart 4 Procedures..................................................................................40

Flowchart 5: Interface Test continued....................................................................42

Flowchart 5 Procedures..................................................................................42

Flowchart 6: Router Remote Loopback Test............................................................44

4 Contents

Flowchart 6 Procedures..................................................................................44

4 IPv6 Addressing and Concepts................................................................................................46

Where to Get IPv6 Addresses..................................................................................46

IPv6 Address Formats..............................................................................................46

Address Scope..................................................................................................47

Address Type....................................................................................................47

Neighbor Discovery................................................................................................47

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration..........................................................................48

Link-Local Address Assigned Automatically............................................................48

Secondary Interface Autoconfiguration.................................................................49

Manual Configuration and Router Advertisements..................................................50

Manual Configuration Overwriting Autoconfiguration........................................50

Disabling Specific IPv6 Interfaces....................................................................51

Removing An Interface...................................................................................51

Networking Terminology.........................................................................................51

Node...............................................................................................................51

Router..............................................................................................................51

Host.................................................................................................................52

Network Interface Name....................................................................................52

5 IPv6 Software and Interface Technology...................................................................................53

Name and Address Lookup for IPv6..........................................................................53

Migrating Name and IPv6 Address Lookup...........................................................54

Migrating from IPv4 to IPv6.....................................................................................54

Tunneling..........................................................................................................54

Configured Tunnel IP6-in-IP Tunnel (Host-Host) Example......................................56

Configured IP6-in-IP6 Tunnel (Host-Host) Example..............................................57

Configured IP-in-IP6 Tunnel (Host-Host) Example................................................58

“6to4” - Connecting IPv6 Domains over IPv4 Clouds..............................................59

“6to4” Well-Known Prefix...............................................................................59

“6to4” Encapsulation....................................................................................59

“6to4” Topology Example..............................................................................60

“6to4” Security Considerations..................................................................61

Configuration Example:.............................................................................61

“6to4” End-Node View Example.....................................................................62

Using rtradvd to Advertise “6to4” Routing Prefix....................................................62

6 Utilities.................................................................................................................................63

Configuration Utilities..............................................................................................63

The ifconfig “inet6” Address Family......................................................................63

Neighbor Discovery Protocol Replaces arp in IPv6............................................63

The route “inet6” Option....................................................................................63

The ip6addrpol Command .................................................................................63

Network Diagnostic Utilities.....................................................................................63

IPv6 Additions to Network Tracing and Logging.........................................................64

Contents 5

Contacting Your HP Representative............................................................................64

A IPv6 ndd Tunable Parameters..................................................................................................67

Supported IPv6-related ndd parameters.....................................................................67

Index......................................................................................................................................70

6 Contents

About This Document

This document describes how to install, configure, and troubleshoot HP-UX 11i v3 IPv6 transport software.

The document printing date and part number indicate the document’s current edition. The printing date will change when a new edition is printed. Minor changes may be made at reprint without changing the printing date. The document part number will change when extensive changes are made.

Document updates may be issued between editions to correct errors or document product changes. To ensure that you receive the updated or new editions, you should subscribe to the appropriate product support service. See your HP sales representative for details.

The latest version of this document can be found online at:docs.hp.com/hpux/netcom/index.html#IPv6.

Intended Audience

This document is intended for system and network administrators responsible for installing, configuring, and managing IPv6 transport. Administrators are expected to have knowledge of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networking concepts and network configuration. As well it is helpful to have knowledge of operating system concepts, commands, and configuration.

This document is not a tutorial.

New and Changed Documentation in This Edition

The document has been updated to reflect new features and changes in the B.11.31.0803, B.11.31.0809, and B.11.31.0907 version of IPv6 in the HP-UX 11i v3 operating system. It also continues to provide relevant HP-UX 11i v2 IPv6 transport information that is not changed with HP-UX 11i v2 September 2004, but that has been present since the initial HP-UX 11i v2 release (July 2003).

Publishing History

Table 1 Publishing History Details

Number

Publication DateOperating Systems SupportedDocument Manufacturing Part

July 200911i v35992-5752

February 200711i v3B2355-91068

July 200311i v2B2355-90795

Intended Audience 7

What Is in This Document

This manual provides information for administering HP-UX 11i v3 IPv6 transport software. HP-UX 11i v3 IPv6 transport software uses the next generation Internet Protocol (IPv6) to connect HP-UX Servers and Workstations with other systems running IPv4 or IPv6 over IEEE 802.3, Ethernet, or FDDI Local Area Networks. An IPv6 for HP-UX 11i v3 network can extend over routers into a Wide Area Network (WAN).

This manual is organized as follows: Chapter 1 Features Overview provides a summary and overview of IPv6 features

offered in HP-UX 11i v3.

Chapter 2 Configuration describes how to automatically or manually configure

HP-UX 11i v3 IPv6 transport.

Chapter 3 Troubleshooting provides flowcharts to help diagnose HP-UX 11i v3

IPv6 software problems.

Chapter 4 Utilities describes useful tools for configuring, and maintaining HP-UX

11i v3 IPv6 software.

Chapter 5 IPv6 Addressing and Concepts describes IPv6 addressing and provides

some basic IPv6 networking terminology.

Chapter 6 IPv6 Software and Interface Technology discusses IPv6 deployment and

migration.

Appendix A IPv6 ndd Tunable Parameters provides a list of supported ndd IPv6

tunable parameters that allow for advanced performance tuning.

If you are unfamiliar with IPv6 networking concepts, refer to Chapter 4: “ IPv6 Addressing

and Concepts” (page 46) and Chapter 5: “IPv6 Software and Interface Technology” (page 53), before configuring IPv6 interfaces.

HP-UX Release Name and Release Identifier

Each HP-UX 11i release has an associated release name and release identifier. Theuname(1) command with the -r option returns the release identifier. This table shows the releases available for HP-UX 11i.

Table 2 HP-UX 11i Releases

HP-UX 11i v3B.11.31

HP-UX 11i v2B.11.23

Supported Processor ArchitectureRelease NameRelease Identifier

Intel® Itanium® and PA-RISC

PA-RISCHP-UX 11i v1B.11.11

HP Welcomes Your Comments

HP welcomes your comments concerning this document. HP is committed to providing documentation that meets your needs.

Please send comments to: docsfeedback@hp.com Please include document title, manufacturing part number, and any comment, error found,

or suggestion for improvement you have concerning this document. Also, please include what we did right so we can incorporate it into other documents.

1 Features Overview

This chapter summarizes the features for HP-UX 11i v3 and an overview of HP-UX 11i v3 IPv6 transport functionality.

IPv6 Transport

IPv6 is the next generation Internet Protocol. The IPv6 protocol is also referred to as "IPng" (IP next generation). It provides the infrastructure for the next wave of Internet devices, such as PDAs, mobile phones and appliances; it also provides greater connectivity for existing devices such as laptop computers.

IPv6 was designed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to improve upon the scalability, security, ease of configuration, and network management capabilities of IPv4. HP-UX 11i v3 IPv6 network transport software provides host support for IPv6.

NOTE: This guide focuses on IPv6 transport, but be aware that IPv6 is also supported on the following HP-UX 11i v3 components: Internet Services, DCE, DLPI, NCweb, Libc, Commands, Desktop (CDE), X11R6-based applications, C2 Audit, EMS, Online Diagnostics, SNMP, nettl, IPSec, Kerberos Client, Service Guard, Glance, HP-UX Secure Shell, Apache, and JVM. Refer to product-specific documentation for more information.

IMPORTANT: System Administration Manager (SAM) is deprecated in HP-UX 11i v3. HP System Management Homepage (HP SMH) is the system administration tool for managing HP-UX. HP SMH provides systems management functionality, at-a-glance monitoring of system component health and consolidated log viewing. HP SMH provides Graphical User Interface (GUI), Text User Interface (TUI), and Command Line Interface (CLI) for managing HP-UX. You can access these interfaces using the /usr/sbin/smh command.

When you run either the /usr/sbin/sam or /usr/sbin/smh command and the DISPLAY environment variable is set, HP SMH opens in the default web browser. If the DISPLAY environment variable is not set, HP SMH opens using its terminal interface.

New IPv6 Transport Features

The new IPv6 transport features in the HP-UX 11i v3 operating system are delivered through the IPv6Upgrade enhancement bundle. The IPv6Upgrade bundle is a cumulative product, each superseding version includes functionalities from the previous versions. The latest version of the IPv6Upgrade bundle is B.11.31.0907.

IPv6 Transport 11

Following lists the new features in different versions of the IPv6Upgrade bundle:

• IPv6 Transport Features Available with B.11.31.0907 Version of HP-UX 11i v3

“Support for RFC 3542 (Advanced Sockets API for IPv6)” (page 13)◦

◦ “Configurable Policy Table Support” (page 13)

◦ “Anycast Address Support” (page 13)

• IPv6 Transport Features Available with B.11.31.0809 version of HP-UX 11i v3

“Support for RFC 4291 (IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture)” (page 13)◦

◦ “Support for RFC 4213 (Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers)”

(page 13)

◦ “Support for RFC 3484 (Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version

6 (IPv6))” (page 14)

◦ “Support for RFC 3493 (Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6)” (page 14)

◦ “Support for RFC 4584 (Extension to Sockets API for Mobile IPv6)” (page 14)

◦ “Support for RFC 4193 (Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses)” (page 14)

◦ “Support for RFC 4443 (Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6))”

(page 14)

◦ “Support for IPv6 over VLAN” (page 15)

◦ “Ability to Disable Autoconfiguration Based on Router Advertisements” (page 15)

◦ “Support for RFC 3810 (Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2))”

(page 15)

◦ “Support for RFC 3376 (Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3

(IGMPv3))” (page 15)

◦ “Support for RFC 3678 (Socket Extension to Multicast Source Filter API)”

(page 15)

◦ “New ndd Tunables” (page 16)

• IPv6 Transport Feature Available with B.11.31.0803 version of HP-UX 11i v3

“Support for RFC 4941 (Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6)” (page 15)

12 Features Overview

NOTE: The HP-UX 11i v3 IPv6Upgrade depot contains the following prerequisite patches:

• PHNE_37899 Transport patch

• PHNE_37257 STREAMS patch

• PHCO_38048 libc patch

• PHNE_38153 inetd patch

If your HP-UX 11i v3 system already contains patches that are later than the prerequisite patches, the prerequisite patches will not be installed.

The subsequent sections discuss the IPv6 features in various versions of the IPv6Upgrade bundle.

Support for RFC 3542 (Advanced Sockets API for IPv6)

This release of IPv6 updates the HP-UX implementation of advanced sockets API for IPv6 from RFC 2292 (Advanced Sockets API for IPv6) to RFC 3542.

Configurable Policy Table Support

This release of IPv6 supports the configurable policy table specified in RFC 3484 (Default

Address Selection for IPv6). A new command ip6addrpol and a configuration file /etc/rc.config.d/ip6addrpol.conf are introduced to support the policy table

configuration. For more information on how to configure the policy table, see

“Configurable Policy Table for Default Address Selection for IPv6” (page 30) .

Anycast Address Support

This release of IPv6 supports anycast address specified in RFC 4291 (IPv6 Addressing Architecture). For more information on anycast address support, see “Configuring Anycast

Addresses” (page 26).

Support for RFC 4291 (IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture)

RFC 4291 defines the addressing architecture of the IP Version 6 (IPv6) protocol. The B.11.31.0809 release of IPv6 updates the HP-UX implementation of IPv6 addressing architecture from RFC 2373 (IP Version 6 Addressing Architecture) to RFC 4291.

NOTE: Anycast address support is not available in the B.11.31.0809 release of IPv6. It is available in the B.11.31.0907 release of IPv6.

Support for RFC 4213 (Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers)

RFC 4213 specifies mechanisms that IPv6 hosts and routers can employ to interoperate with IPv4 hosts and routers while utilizing the existing IPv4 routing infrastructure. The B.11.31.0809 release of IPv6 updates the HP-UX implementation of IPv6 addressing

IPv6 Transport 13

architecture from RFC 2983 (Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers ) to RFC

4213.

Support for RFC 3484 (Default Address Selection for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6))

A typical IPv6 host can be assigned multiple addresses with different characteristics, such as link local address, global address, temporary address, unique local address, special purpose addresses for IPv4-IPv6 transition. Additionally, if the host is dual-stack, it is also configured with IPv4 addresses. This leads to multiple possible source and destination address choices while initiating a communication. It is preferable to have default algorithms common across all implementations for selecting source and destination addresses. RFC 3484 specifies such default algorithms and address selection policies to make the address selection predictable and also configurable.

NOTE: Configurable policy table support is not available in the B.11.31.0809 release of IPv6. It is available in the B.11.31.0907 release of IPv6.

Support for RFC 3493 (Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6)

The B.11.31.0809 release of IPv6 updates the HP-UX implementation of basic socket interface extensions for IPv6 from RFC 2553 (Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6) to RFC 3493. As a result of RFC 3493 support, the IPV6_V6ONLY IP level option is available to restrict IPv6 communication with only IPv6 nodes.

Support for RFC 4584 (Extension to Sockets API for Mobile IPv6)

RFC 4584 specifies API support for Mobile IPv6 applications to retrieve and set mobility related information in the extension headers and destination options.

NOTE: The B.11.31.0809 release of IPv6 does not support the setting and sending of type 2 routing header and home address destination option. Although HP-UX does not support setting or sending of type 2 routing header, HP-UX still supports receiving of type 2 routing headers.

Support for RFC 4193 (Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses)

RFC 4193 specifies the guidelines and usage of unique local IPv6 unicast addresses that are globally unique and are intended for local communications only. These addresses are a replacement for site-local unicast addresses.

NOTE: The HP-UX DNS server requires manual configuration of the d.f.ip6.arpa zone as described in RFC 4193.

Support for RFC 4443 (Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 (ICMPv6))

RFC 4443 describes the format of a set of control messages used in the Internet Control Message Protocol for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) (ICMPv6). The B.11.31.0809 release updates the HP-UX implementation of ICMPv6 from RFC 2463 to RFC 4443.

14 Features Overview

Support for IPv6 over VLAN

The B.11.31.0809 release of IPv6 provides support for IPv6 over virtual LAN (VLAN). For information on VLAN configuration, see VLAN Administrator's Guide at http:// www.docs.hp.com.

Ability to Disable Autoconfiguration Based on Router Advertisements

Starting with this release of IPv6, HP provides the ability to disable autoconfiguration based on the contents of the received router advertisements using the ip6_nd_autoconf tunable in the ndd command. The default value of the ip6_nd_autoconf tunable is

1. For information on this tunable, enter the ndd help command or the Transport Administrator's Guide at http://www.docs.hp.com.

Support for RFC 3810 (Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2))

The B.11.31.0809 release of IPv6 updates the HP-UX implementation of Multicast Listener Discovery protocol from RFC 2710 (Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6) to MLD version 2, RFC 3810. The major feature available with RFC 3810 is the support for source filtering, which is the ability for a node to report the include or exclude list of source addresses the node is interested or not interested in listening. HP-UX supports the multicast listener feature in the MLDv2 protocol but does not support the multicast router feature in the MLDv2 protocol.

Support for RFC 3376 (Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3))

The B.11.31.0809 release updates the HP-UX implementation of Internet Group Management Protocol to IGMPv3, RFC 3376. The major feature available with RFC 3376 is the support for source filtering, which is the ability for a node to report the include or exclude list of source addresses the node is interested or not interested in listening. HP-UX supports the group member feature in the IGMPv3 protocol but does not support the multicast router feature in the IGMPv3 protocol.

Support for RFC 3678 (Socket Extension to Multicast Source Filter API)

The IGMPv3 and MLDv2 protocols enable applications to specify source filters on multicast group memberships. RFC 3678 defines new socket options and functions that enable applications to specify the source filters to the underlying IGMPv3 and MLDv2 protocols.

Support for RFC 4941 (Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6)

The B.11.31.0803 version of the IPv6Upgrade bundle supports the privacy extension to IPv6 auto-configuration feature, which is based on RFC 4941 (Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6).

All the IPv6 addresses of an interface formed using the stateless address autoconfiguration mechanism have the same interface identifier generated from the IEEE identifier of the interface. The constant interface identifier in multiple addresses enable information

IPv6 Transport 15

collectors to correlate multiple activities with different addresses to the same node. RFC 4941 defines privacy extensions for stateless address autoconfiguration to address this concern. RFC 4941 defines a mechanism to generate global scoped addresses with randomized interface identifiers that change over a period of time. The interface identifiers changing over a period of time make it more difficult for information collectors to associate different addresses to the same node.

New ndd Tunables

The following new tunables are introduced to enable the new functionalities released in various IPv6Upgrade bundles:

NOTE: For a detailed information on these tunables, see the help text for the ndd command or Table 6 (page 67).

The ip6_nd_use_temp_address, ip6_nd_temp_valid_lifetime, ip6_nd_temp_preferred_lifetime, and ip6_nd_prefer_temp_address tunables are introduced in the B.11.31.0803 release of the IPv6Upgrade bundle. The remaining tunables are introduced in the B.11.31.0809 release of the IPv6Upgrade bundle.

ip6_enable_rfc4291 Enables RFC 4291 or RFC 2373. Following are

the values for the tunable: 1 The addressing architecture conforms to RFC

4291.

0 The addressing architecture conforms to RFC

2373.

The default value is 0.

ip6_mld_version Controls the MLD protocol version used by the

ip6_addr_sel_enable Enables or disables RFC 3484. This tunable

ip6_icmp6_extended_errors Specifies whether to report additional ICMPv6

16 Features Overview

system. The values for this tunable are 1 and 2. The default value is 1.

specifies the default address selection for IPv6. The default value is 0.

NOTE: The IPv6Upgrade bundle sets this tunable to 1, to enable the RFC 3484 functionality.

error messages. 1 Reports additional ICMPv6 errors as specified

in RFC 4443. The unknown ICMP error message types are sent to upper layer

protocols instead of being dropped. A "Destination Unreachable" error message is sent, when forwarding the error message would have sent the message to an address on the same tunnel from which the message was received.

0 Suppresses ICMPv6 errors from being

reported, for compatibility with previous versions of IPv6.

By default, ndd sets the value of the ip6_icmp6_extended_errors tunable to 0. When the IPv6Upgrade bundle is installed, the bundle sets the value of the tunable to 1.

ip_igmp_version Controls the IGMP protocol version used by the

system. The values for this tunable are 2 and 3. The default value is 2.

ip6_nd_temp_valid_lifetime Controls the upper limit of valid lifetime for IPv6

temporary addresses configured using router advertisements.

ip6_nd_temp_preferred_lifetime Controls the upper limit of preferred lifetime for

IPv6 temporary addresses configured using router advertisements.

ip6_nd_prefer_temp_address Controls the source address selection preference

to use an IPv6 temporary address instead of a public IPv6 address.

ip6_nd_autoconf Controls IPv6 auto-configuration from the router

advertisement.

ip6_mld_compat_disable Controls compatibility with the old version of MLD. ip6_mld_rv Specifies the MLD robustness variable. ip6_mld_maxsrc Specifies the maximum source addresses in the

MLDv2 filter.

ip6_mld_v2_unsolicited_interval Specifies the MLDv2 unsolicited report interval. ip6_mld_qri Specifies the MLD query response interval. ip6_mld_status Displays a report of the MLD state. ip_igmp_compat_disable Controls compatibility with old version of IGMP. ip_igmp_rv Specifies the IGMP robustness variable. ip_igmp_maxsrc Specifies the maximum source addresses in the

IGMPv3 filter.

IPv6 Transport 17

ip_igmp_v3_unsolicited_interval Specifies the IGMPv3 unsolicited report interval. ip_igmp_qri Specifies the IGMP query response interval. ip_igmp_status Displays a report of the IGMP state. ip_ipc_mcast_maxsrc Specifies the maximum source addresses in the

application filter.

ip6_ill_no_dest_unreach Disables sending of ICMPv6 destination

unreachable message.

ip6_nd_use_temp_address Controls the generation of IPv6 temporary

addresses as defined in RFC 4941.

IPv6 Transport Features Available in the Core HP-UX 11i v3 Operating System

This section describes IPv6 transport features available with the core HP-UX 11i v3 operating system.

• netstat Enhanced to Support the Display of 64-bit MIB Counters: netstat in HP-UX

11i v3 (for IPv4 and IPv6) supports the display of 64-bit MIB (Management Information Base) counters. Thus, some of the netstat fields have the potential to display widened output. This can cause a wraparound effect on 80-character displays.

• IP over InfiniBand (IPoIB) Link Support: HP-UX 11i v3 provides transport support for

InfiniBand links that support IPoIB. The HP-UX 11i v3 transport software support is required for HP InfiniBand links to run IPoIB.

The HP-UX networking utilities ifconfig, netstat, lanadmin, lanscan, arp, rtradvd and ndp have all been enhanced to be capable of handling IPoIB-related data. (Note that rarp has not been enhanced for handling IPoIB.)

For more information on InfiniBand and the IPoIB protocol, refer to the HP-UX

InfiniBand Support Guide available at http://www.docs.hp.com/hpux/ netcom/index.html#InfiniBand.

• Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Support (Host Portion Only): The host part of

Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol for IPv6 based on RFC 2710 “Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6”, is supported. MLD is automatically enabled when an IPv6 interface is initialized. The Management Information Base for MLD, based on RFC 3019, is also supported.

RFC 2710 specifies the protocol used by an IPv6 router to discover the presence of multicast listeners (that is, nodes wishing to receive multicast packets) on its directly attached links, and to discover specifically, which multicast addresses are of interest to those neighboring nodes. This protocol is referred to as Multicast Listener Discovery or MLD. MLD is derived from version 2 of IPv4’s Internet Group Management Protocol, IGMPv2. One important difference to note is that MLD uses ICMPv6 (IP Protocol 58) message types, rather than IGMP (IP Protocol 2) message types.

18 Features Overview

For more MLD information refer to RFC 2710, “Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6”.

• Router Advertisement: Router Functionality as specified in RFC 2461 “Neighbor

Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)”, is implemented with a daemon, rtradvd, and an accompanying configuration file, /etc/rtradvd.conf. The rtradvd daemon listens to router solicitation and sends router advertisement messages on demand or periodically (as described in RFC 2461). These advertisements allow any listening host to configure their addresses and some other parameters automatically without manual intervention. They can also choose a default router based on these advertisements

Router advertisement is configured on a per interface basis. Refer to the rtradvd.conf(4) man page for more information.

• IPv6 Transition Mechanism Enhancements: HP-UX 11i v3 provides several IPv6

transition mechanism changes from those previously offered in base (default) HP-UX 11i v2. Highlights of these changes are provided below. There have been no changes to the dual stack mechanism, but several important changes to the tunneling mechanisms. The following RFCs are supported (the IETF documents listed below are available at http://www.ietf.org):

RFC 2473 - Packet Tunneling in IPv6 RFC 2893 - Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers RFC 3056 - Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds

IMPORTANT: As a result of supporting RFC 2893, tunnel configuration on HP-UX 11i v3, requires specific changes from tunnel configurations on base (default) HP-UX 11i v2. For detailed information, including specific configuration instructions, refer to relevant sections of Chapter 2: “Configuration”, of this guide.

HP SMH has not been enhanced to support the tunneling enhancements. HP-UX 11i v3 tunneling configuration must be done by editing the /etc/rc.config.d/netconf-ipv6 file or by using the ifconfig command.

◦ Configured tunneling is point-to-point with addresses assigned to tunnel endpoints:

In conformance with RFC 2893 (which obsoletes RFC 1933) configured tunnels are pseudo-interfaces with associated addresses. Previously, when conforming to RFC 1933, tunnels were implemented using special routing entries. The RFC 1933 implementation did not allow addresses to be associated with tunnels and hence, routing protocol daemons were not able to operate over tunnels. To

IPv6 Transport 19

overcome this problem, RFC 2893 specifies tunnels as IPv6 interfaces and requires them to be configured with at least (on primary interfaces) link-local addresses.

As a result, the process for configuring tunnels using the ifconfig and route commands and the /etc/rc.config.d/netconf-ipv6 file is different than it was in base (default) HP-UX 11i v2.

◦ HP-UX server can be configured as a router in a point-to-point configured tunnel:

You can configure tunneling between the following network nodes: host->router; host->host; router-> host; and router->router. The HP-UX server can perform the role of the router in the tunnel configuration.

◦ HP-UX server can be configured as a “6to4” router: The HP-UX server can perform

the role of a router in a “6to4” configuration. Prior to HP-UX 11i v2 PI, the HP-UX server was only able to perform the role of a host in a “6to4” configuration.

◦ IP6-in-IP6 and IP-in-IP6 Support: Two additional tunneling types are supported,

IP6-in-IP6 and IP-in-IP6. IP6-in-IP6 tunnel configuration allows transmission of IPv6 packets encapsulated in an IPv6 header. IP-in-IP6 tunnel configuration allows transmission of IPv4 packets encapsulated in an IPv6 header.

IP6-in-IP tunnel configuration allows transmission of IPv6 packets encapsulated in an IPv4 header. IP6-in-IP represents the tunneling scenario where isolated IPv6 domains are communicating across IPv4 networks.

◦ Automatic Tunneling using IPv4-compatible addresses is no longer supported:

Automatic Tunneling using the special IPv6 address type known as “IPv4-compatible address”, is not supported.

• IPv6/IPv4 Dual Stack support: HP-UX 11i v2 IPv6 supports both IPv4 and IPv6 applications. Programmers can write IPv6 applications that communicate with both IPv6 and IPv4 peers. Existing IPv4 applications do not need to be modified.

• IPv6 tunneling enables IPv6/IPv4 hosts and routers to connect with other IPv6/IPv4 hosts and routers over the existing IPv4 network. IPv6 tunneling encapsulates IPv6 datagrams within IPv4 packets. The encapsulated packets travel across an IPv4 network until they reach their destination host or router. The IPv6-aware host or router decapsulates the IPv6 datagrams, forwarding them as needed. IPv6 tunneling eases IPv6 deployment by maintaining compatibility with the large existing base of IPv4 hosts and routers.

• Fully supports Ethernet Links and FDDI links.

• MC/ServiceGuard Enablement for IPv6 support.

• IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration.

• IPv6 Neighbor Discovery.

• TCP/UDP over IPv6, PMTUv6, ICMPv6, IPv6 MIBs and Sockets APIs.

20 Features Overview

• Network Configuration and Troubleshooting Utilities for both IPv4 and IPv6:

• The netconf-ipv6 file stores IPv6 settings. The

• The /etc/hosts file now supports IPv6 and IPv4 addresses. The /etc/hosts

• Name Service Switch: /etc/nsswitch.conf is a configuration file for the name

Limitations

The following section describes limitations of IPv6 transport in HP-UX 11i v3.

ifconfig, netstat, ping, route, ndd, ndp (neighbor-discovery command for IPv6 only) and traceroute. There have also been enhancements to nettl and

netfmt for IPv6 tracing and formatting.

/etc/rc.config.d/netconf-ipv6 configuration file stores IPv6 configuration

information similar to IPv4’s /etc/rc.config.d/netconf file.

file contains IP addresses and corresponding host names. The file can contain IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for the same host. Lookup policies are identical to IPv4. For example:

15.15.15.15 hpindon 2001:db8::1234 hpindon hpindon6

service switch. The ipnodes entity specifies which name services resolve IPv6 addresses and host names. Refer to the nsswitch.conf(4) man page for more information.

setparms Not Enhanced for IPv6 Configuration

On HP-UX 11i v3, the setparms utility has not been enhanced to support IPv6 configuration.

Following are the changed and unsupported features in the B.11.31.08.09 version of IPv6:

• The usage of IPv6 site-local unicast addresses with prefix fec0::/10 is deprecated. The unique Local IPv6 unicast addresses (RFC 4193) with prefix fc00::/7 must be used for local communications.

• The IPv4-compatible IPv6 address, (for example, ::a.b.c.d) is deprecated.

Multihomed Host Limitation

In the absence of a router that is advertising prefixes, no more than one interface can be configured with IPv6 addresses on a host with multiple physical network interfaces. If multiple physical interfaces are configured with IPv6 addresses, and if there is no Router Advertisement received on any interfaces, the host has no way of knowing which interface to send packets out on. If packets are sent out on the interface that is on a different link than the destination node, then communication will fail. This configuration is neither recommended nor supported.

Limitations 21

Distributed File System Limitations

NIS, and NFS are currently not supported over IPv6.

HP SMH Limitation

HP SMHhas not been enhanced to support the tunneling enhancements available with HP-UX 11i v3. HP-UX 11i v3 tunneling configuration must be done by editing the /etc/rc.config.d/netconf-ipv6 file or by using the ifconfig command.

22 Features Overview

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