Hp HP-UX 11.x OpenGL 1.1 Reference

OpenGL 1.1 Reference

for HP-UX 11.x

Manufacturing Part Number: B2355-IE001

Edition E0302

© Copyright 2002 by Hewlett-Packard

Legal Notices

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its

software on equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett-Packard.
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced or
translated to another language without the prior written consent of
Hewlett-Packard Company.

Restricted Rights Legend

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government Department of Defense is
subject to restrictions as set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of the Rights in
Technical Data and Software clause in DFARS

252.227.7013.
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.

All rights arereserved.No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced
or translated to another language without the prior written consent of
Hewlett-Packard Company.

UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States of America and other
countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Limited.

This software and documentation is based in part on the Fourth Berkeley
Software Distribution under license from the Regents of the University of
California.

© Copyright 2002 Hewlett-Packard Company. All Rights Reserved.
© Copyright 1980, 1984 AT&T, Inc.

© Copyright 1979, 1980, 1983 The Regents of the University of California.

2

Contents

glAccum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

glAlphaFunc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

glAreaTexturesResident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

glArrayElement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

glBegin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

gluBeginCurve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

gluBeginPolygon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

gluBeginSurface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

gluBeginTrim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

glBindTexture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

glBitMap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

glBlendColorEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

glBlendFunc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

gluBuild1DMipmaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

gluBuild2DMipmaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

glCallList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

glCallLists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

glXChooseVisual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

glClear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

glClearAccum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

glClearColor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

glClearDepth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

glClearindex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

glClearStencil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

glClipPlane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

glColor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

glColorMask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

glColorMaterial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

glColorPointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

glXCopyContext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

glCopyPixels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

glCopyTexImage1D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

glCopyTexImage2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

glCopyTexSubImage1D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

glCopyTexSubImage2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

glCopyTexSubImage3DEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

glXCreateContext. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

glXCreateGLXPixmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

3

Contents

glCullFace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

gluCylinder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

glDeleteLists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

gluDeleteNurbsRenderer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

gluDeleteQuadric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

gluDeleteTess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

glDeleteTextures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

glDepthFunc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

glDepthMask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

glDepthRange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

glXDestroyContext. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

glXDestroyGLXPixmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

glDisable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

gluDisk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

glDrawArrays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

glDrawArraysSethp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

glDrawBuffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

glDrawElements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

glDrawPixels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

glEdgeFlag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

glEdgeFlagPointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

glEnable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

glEnableClientState. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

glErrorString . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

glEvalCoord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

glEvalMesh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

glEvalPoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

glFeedbackBuffer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

glFinish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

glFlush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

glFog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

glFrontFace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

glFrustum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

glGenLists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

glGenTextures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

glGet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

4

Contents

glXGetClientString . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

glXGetClipPlane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

glXGetConfig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

glXGetCurrentContext. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

glXGetCurrentDisplay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

glXGetCurrentDrawable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

glGetError . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

glGetLight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

glGetMap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

glGetMaterial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

gluGetNurbsProperty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

glGetPixelMap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

glGetPointer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

glGetPolygonStipple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

glGetString. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

gluGetString. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

gluGetTessProperty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

glGetTexEnv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

glGetTexGen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

glGetTexImage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

glGetTexLevelParameter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

glGetTexParameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

glHint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

glIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

glIndexMask. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

glIndexPointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

glInitNames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

glInterleavedArrays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

glXIntro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

glXIsDirect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

glIsEnabled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

glIsList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

glIsTexture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

glLight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

glLightModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

glLineStipple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

glLineWidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

glListBase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

5

Contents

glLoadIdentity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

glLoadMatrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

glLoadName . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

gluLoadSamplingMatrices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

glLogicOp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

gluLookAt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

glXMakeCurrent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

glMap1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

glMap2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

glMapGrid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

glMaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

glMatrixMode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

glMultMatrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

glNewList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

glNextVisibilityTesthp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

gluNewNurbsRenderer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

gluNewQuadric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

gluNewTess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

gluNextContour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

glNormal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

glNormalPointer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

gluNurbsCallback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

gluNurbsCurve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

gluNurbsPrperty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

gluNurbsSurface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

glOrtho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

gluOrtho2D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

gluPartialDisk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

glPassThrough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

gluPerspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

gluPickMatrix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

glPixelMap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

glPixelStore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

glPixelTransfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

glPixelZoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

glPointSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

6

Contents

glPolygonMode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

glPolygonOffset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

glPolygonStipple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

glPrioritizeTextures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

gluProject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

glPushAttrib. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

glPushClientAttrib. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

glPushMatrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

glPushName. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

gluPwlCurve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

gluQuadricCallback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

gluQuadricDrawStyle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

gluQuadricNormals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

gluQuadricOrientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

gluQuadricTexture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

glXQueryExtension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

glXQueryExtensionsString . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

glXQueryServerString. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

glXQueryVersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

glRasterPos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

glReadBuffer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

glReadPixels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

glRect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

glRenderMode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

glRotate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

glScale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

gluScaleImage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

glScissor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

glSelectBuffer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

glShadeModel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

gluSphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

glStencilFunc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

glStencilMask. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

glStencilOp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

glXSwapBuffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

gluTessBeginContour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

gluTessBeginPolygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

gluTessCallback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

7

Contents

gluTessEndPolygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

gluTessNormal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

gluTessProperty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

gluTessVertex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

glTexCoord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

glTexCoordPointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

glTexEnv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

glTexGen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

glTexImage1D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

glTexImage2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

glTexImage3DEXT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

glTexParameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

glTexSubImage1D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

glTexSubImage2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

glTexSubImage3DEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

glTranslate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

gluUnProject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

glXUseXFont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

glVertex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

glVertexPointer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

glViewport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

glVisibilityBufferhp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

glXWaitGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

glXWaitX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485

8

1A

Chapter 1

9

A

glAccum

glAccum

glAccum: operate on the accumulation buffer.

C Specification

void glAccum(

GLenum op,
GLfloat value)

Parameters

op Specifies the accumulation buffer operation. Symbolic constants

GL_ACCUM, GL_LOAD, GL_ADD, GL_MULT, and GL_RETURN are
accepted.

value Specifies a floating-point value used in the accumulation buffer

operation. op determines how value is used.

Description

The accumulation buffer is an extended-range color buffer. Images are not rendered into
it. Rather, images rendered into one of the color buffers are added to the contents of the
accumulation buffer after rendering. Effects such as anti-aliasing (of points, lines, and
polygons), motion blur, and depth of field can be created by accumulating images
generated with different transformation matrices.

Each pixel in the accumulation buffer consists of red, green, blue, and alpha values. The
number of bits per component in the accumulation buffer depends on the
implementation. You can examine this number by calling glGetIntegerv four times, with
arguments:

GL_ACCUM_RED_BITS,
GL_ACCUM_GREEN_BITS,
GL_ACCUM_BLUE_BITS, and
GL_ACCUM_ALPHA_BITS.

Regardless of the number of bits per component, the range of values stored by each
component is [- 1, 1]. The accumulation buffer pixels are mapped one-to-one with frame
buffer pixels.

glAccum operates on the accumulation buffer. The first argument, op, is a symbolic
constant that selects an accumulation buffer operation. The second argument, value,isa
floating-point value to be used in that operation. Five operations are specified:
GL_ACCUM, GL_LOAD, GL_ADD, GL_MULT, and GL_RETURN.

10

All accumulation buffer operations are limited to the area of the current scissor box and
applied identically to the red, green, blue, and alpha components of each pixel. If a
glAccum operation results in a value outside the range [- 1, 1], the contents of an
accumulation buffer pixel component are undefined.

The operations are as follows:
GL_ACCUM Obtains R, G, B, and A values from the buffer currently selected for

reading (see glReadBuffer).

Chapter 1

glAccum

Each component value is divided by 2n -1, where n is the number of
bits allocated to each color component in the currently selected buffer.
The result is a floating-point value in the range [0, 1], which is
multiplied by value and added to the corresponding pixel component in
the accumulation buffer, thereby updating the accumulation buffer.

GL_LOAD Similar to GL_ACCUM, except that the current value in the

accumulation buffer is not used in the calculation of the new value.
That is, the R, G,B, and A values from the currently selected buffer are

divided by 2n - 1, multiplied by value, and then stored in the

corresponding accumulation buffer cell, overwriting the current value.
GL_ADD Adds value to each R, G, B, and A in the accumulation buffer.
GL_MULT Multiplies each R, G,B, and A in the accumulation buffer by value and

returns the scaled component to its corresponding accumulation buffer

location.
GL_RETURN Transfers accumulation buffer values to the color buffer or buffers

currently selected for writing. Each R, G, B, and A component is

multiplied by value, then multiplied by 2n- 1, clamped to the range [0,

2n - 1], and stored in the corresponding display buffer cell. The only

fragment operations that are applied to this transfer are pixel

ownership, scissor, dithering, and color writemasks.

A

To clear the accumulation buffer, call glClearAccum with R, G, B, and A values to set it
to, then call glClear with the accumulation buffer enabled.

Notes

Only pixels within the current scissor box are updated by a glAccum operation.

Errors

• GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if op is not an accepted value.

• GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if there is no accumulation buffer.

• GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glAccum is executed between the

execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd.

Associated Gets

glGet with argument GL_ACCUM_RED_BITS
glGet with argument GL_ACCUM_GREEN_BITS
glGet with argument GL_ACCUM_BLUE_BITS

glGet with argument GL_ACCUM_ALPHA_BITS

See Also

Chapter 1

glBlendFunc,
glClear,
glClearAccum,
glCopyPixels,
glGet,

11

A

glAccum

glLogicOp,
glPixelStore,
glPixelTransfer,
glReadBuffer,
glReadPixels,
glScissor,
glStencilOp

12

Chapter 1

glAlphaFunc

glAlphaFunc

glAlphaFunc: specify the alpha test function.

C Specification

void glAlphaFunc(

GLenum func,
GLclampf ref)

Parameters

func Specifies the alpha comparison function. Symbolic constants

GL_NEVER, GL_LESS, GL_EQUAL, GL_LEQUAL, GL_GREATER,

GL_NOTEQUAL, GL_GEQUAL, and GL_ALWAYS are accepted. The

initial value is GL_ALWAYS.
ref Specifies the reference value that incoming alpha values are compared

to. This value is clamped to the range 0 through 1, where 0 represents

the lowest possible alpha value and 1 the highest possible value. The

initial reference value is 0.

A

Description

The alpha test discards fragments depending on the outcome of a comparison between
an incoming fragment’s alpha value and a constant reference value.

glAlphaFunc specifies the reference value and the comparison function. The comparison
is performed only if alpha testing is enabled. By default, it is not enabled. (See glEnable
and glDisable of GL_ALPHA_TEST.)

func and ref specify the conditions under which the pixel is drawn. The incoming alpha
value is compared to ref using the function specified by func. If the value passes the
comparison, the incoming fragment is drawn if it also passes subsequent stencil and
depth buffer tests. If the value fails the comparison, no change is made to the frame
buffer at that pixel location. The comparison functions are as follows:

GL_NEVER Never passes.
GL_LESS Passes if the incoming alpha value is less than the reference value.
GL_EQUAL Passes if the incoming alpha value is equal to the reference value.
GL_LEQUAL Passesif the incoming alpha value is less than or equal to the reference

value.
GL_GREATER Passes if the incoming alpha value is greater than the reference value.
GL_NOTEQUAL Passes if the incoming alpha value is not equal to the reference value.
GL_GEQUAL Passes if the incoming alpha value is greater than or equal to the

reference value.

Chapter 1

GL_ALWAYS Always passes (initial value).

13

A

glAlphaFunc

glAlphaFunc operates on all pixel write operations, including those resulting from the
scan conversion of points, lines, polygons, and bitmaps, and from pixel draw and copy
operations. glAlphaFunc does not affect screen-clear operations.

Notes

Alpha testing is performed only in RGBA mode.

Errors

• GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if func is not an accepted value.

• GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glAlphaFunc is executed between the

execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd.

Associated Gets

glGet with argument GL_ALPHA_TEST_FUNC
glGet with argument GL_ALPHA_TEST_REF

glIsEnabled with argument GL_ALPHA_TEST

See Also

glBlendFunc,
glClear,
glDepthFunc,
glEnable,
glStencilFunc

14

Chapter 1

glAreaTexturesResident

glAreaTexturesResident

glAreaTexturesResident: determine if textures are loaded in texture memory.

C Specification

GLboolean glAreTexturesResident(

GLsizei n,
const GLuint *textures,

GLboolean *residences)

Parameters

n Specifies the number of textures to be queried.
textures Specifies an array containing the names of the textures to be queried.
residences Specifies an array in which the texture residence status is returned.

The residence status of a texture named by an element of textures is

returned in the corresponding element of residences.

A

Description

GL establishes a “working set” of textures that are resident in texture memory. These
textures can be bound to a texture target much more efficiently than textures that are
not resident.

glAreTexturesResident queries the texture residence status of the n textures named by
the elements of textures. If all the named textures are resident, glAreTexturesResident
returns GL_TRUE, and the contents of residences are undisturbed. If not all the named
textures are resident, glAreTexturesResident returns GL_FALSE, and detailed status is
returned in the n elements of residences. If an element of residences is GL_TRUE, then
the texture named by the corresponding element of textures is resident.

The residence status of a single bound texture may also be queried by calling
glGetTexParameter with the target argument set to the target to which the texture is
bound, and the p_name argument set to GL_TEXTURE_RESIDENT. This is the only

way that the residence status of a default texture can be queried.

Notes

glAreTexturesResident is available only if the GL version is 1.1 or greater.
glAreTexturesResident returns the residency status of the textures at the time of

invocation. It does not guarantee that the textures will remain resident at any other
time.

If textures reside in virtual memory (there is no texture memory), they are considered
always resident.

Chapter 1

Some implementations may not load a texture until the first use of that texture.

15

A

glAreaTexturesResident

Errors

• GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if n is negative.

• GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated if any element in textures is 0 or does not name a

• GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glAreTexturesResident is executed

Associated Gets

glGetTexParameter with parameter name GL_TEXTURE_RESIDENT retrieves the
residence status of a currently bound texture.

See Also

glBindTexture,
glGetTexParameter,
glPrioritizeTextures,
glTexImage1D,
glTexImage2D,

glTexParameter

texture. In that case, the function returns GL_FALSE and the contents of residences
is indeterminate.

between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd.

16

Chapter 1

glArrayElement

glArrayElement

glArrayElement: render a vertex using the specified vertex array element.

C Specification

void glArrayElement(

GLint i)

Parameters

i Specifies an index into the enabled vertex data arrays.

Description

glArrayElement commands are used within glBegin/glEnd pairs to specify vertex and
attribute data for point, line, and polygon primitives. If GL_VERTEX_ARRAY is enabled
when glArrayElement is called, a single vertex is drawn, using vertex and attribute data
taken from location i of the enabled arrays. If GL_VERTEX_ARRAY is not enabled, no
drawing occurs but the attributes corresponding to the enabled arrays are modified.

A

Use glArrayElement to construct primitives by indexing vertex data, rather than by
streaming through arrays of data in first-to-last order. Because each call specifies only a
single vertex, it is possible to explicitly specify per-primitive attributes such as a single
normal per individual triangle.

Changes made to array data between the execution of glBegin and the corresponding
execution of glEnd may affect calls to glArrayElement that are made within the same
glBegin/glEnd period in non-sequential ways. That is, a call to glArrayElement that
precedes a change to array data may access the changed data, and a call that follows a

change to array data may access original data.

Notes

glArrayElement is available only if the GL version is 1.1 or greater.
glArrayElement is included in display lists. If glArrayElement is entered into a display

list, the necessary array data (determined by the array pointers and enables) is also
entered into the display list. Because the array pointers and enables are client-side
state, their values affect display lists when the lists are created, not when the lists are

executed.

See Also

glColorPointer,
glDrawArrays,
glEdgeFlagPointer,
glGetPointer,
glIndexPointer,
glInterleavedArrays,

Chapter 1

17

A

glArrayElement

glNormalPointer,
glTexCoordPointer,

glVertexPointer

18

Chapter 1

2B

Chapter 2

19

B

glBegin

glBegin

glBegin, glEnd: delimit the vertices of a primitive or a group of like primitives.

C Specification

void glBegin(

GLenum mode)

void glEnd(void)

Parameters

mode Specifies the primitive or primitives that will be created from vertices

presented between glBegin and the subsequent glEnd. Ten symbolic

constants are accepted:

GL_POINTS, GL_LINES, GL_LINE_STRIP, GL_LINE_LOOP,

GL_TRIANGLES, GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, GL_TRIANGLE_FAN,

GL_QUADS, GL_QUAD_STRIP, and GL_POLYGON.

Description

glBegin and glEnd delimit the vertices that define a primitive or a group of like
primitives. glBegin accepts a single argument that specifies in which of ten ways the
vertices are interpreted. Taking n as an integer count starting at one, and n as the total
number of vertices specified, the interpretations are as follows:

GL_POINTS Treats each vertex as a single point. Vertex n defines point n. n points

are drawn.
GL_LINES Treats each pair of vertices as an independent line segment. Vertices

2n - 1 and 2n define line n. n/2 lines are drawn.
GL_LINE_STRIP

Draws a connected group of line segments from the first vertex to the

last. n - 1 lines are drawn.
GL_LINE_LOOP

Draws a connected group of line segments from the first vertex to the

last, then back to the first. Vertices n and n+1 define line n. The last

line, however, is defined by vertices n and 1. n lines are drawn.
GL_TRIANGLES

Treats each triplet of vertices as an independent triangle. Vertices 3n-

2, 3n - 1, and 3n define triangle n. n/3 triangles are drawn.
GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP

Draws a connected group of triangles. One triangle is defined for each

vertex presented after the first two vertices. For odd n, vertices n, n+1,

and n+2 define triangle n. For even n, vertices n+1, n, and n+2 define

triangle n. n2 triangles are drawn.

20

Chapter 2

glBegin

GL_TRIANGLE_FAN

Draws a connected group of triangles. One triangle is defined for each

vertex presented after the first two vertices. Vertices 1, n+1, and n+2

define triangle n. n - 2 triangles are drawn.
GL_QUADS

Treats each group of four vertices as an independent quadrilateral.

Vertices 4n - 3, 4n - 2, 4n - 1, and 4n define quadrilateral n. n/4

quadrilaterals are drawn.
GL_QUAD_STRIP

Draws a connected group of quadrilaterals. One quadrilateral is

defined for each pair of vertices presented after the first pair. Vertices

2n -1, 2n, 2n+2, and 2n+1 define quadrilateral n. n/21 quadrilaterals

are drawn. Note that the order in which vertices are used to construct

a quadrilateral from strip data is different from that used with

independent data.
GL_POLYGON

Draws a single, convex polygon. Vertices 1 through n define this

polygon.
Only a subset of GL commands can be used between glBegin and glEnd. The commands

are glVertex, glColor, glIndex, glNormal, glTexCoord, glEvalCoord, glEvalPoint,
glArrayElement, glMaterial, and glEdgeFlag. Also, it is acceptable to use glCallList or
glCallLists to execute display lists that include only the preceding commands. If any
other GL command is executed between glBegin and glEnd, the error flag is set and the
command is ignored.

B

Regardless of the value chosen for mode, there is no limit to the number of vertices that
can be defined between glBegin and glEnd. Lines,triangles, quadrilaterals, and polygons
that are incompletely specified are not drawn. Incomplete specification results when
either too few vertices are provided to specify even a single primitive or when an
incorrect multiple of vertices is specified. The incomplete primitive is ignored; the rest
are drawn.

The minimum specification of vertices for each primitive is as follows: 1 for a point, 2 for
a line, 3 for a triangle, 4 for a quadrilateral, and 3 for a polygon. Modes that require a
certain multiple of vertices are GL_LINES (2), GL_TRIANGLES (3), GL_QUADS (4),
and GL_QUAD_STRIP (2).

Errors

• GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if mode is set to an unaccepted value.

• GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glBegin is executed between a glBegin

and the corresponding execution of glEnd.

• GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glEnd is executed without being

preceded by a glBegin.

• GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if a command other than glVertex, glColor,

glIndex, glNormal, glTexCoord, glEvalCoord, glEvalPoint, glArrayElement,
glMaterial, glEdgeFlag, glCallList, or glCallLists is executed between the execution
of glBegin and the corresponding execution glEnd.

Chapter 2

21

B

glBegin

Execution of glEnableClientState, glDisableClientState, glEdgeFlagPointer,
glTexCoordPointer, glColorPointer, glIndexPointer, glNormalPointer, glVertexPointer,
glInterleavedArrays, or glPixelStore is not allowed after a call to glBegin and before the

corresponding call to glEnd, but an error may or may not be generated.

See Also

glArrayElement,
glCallList,
glCallLists,
glColor,
glEdgeFlag,
glEvalCoord,
glEvalPoint,
glIndex,
glMaterial,
glNormal,
glTexCoord,

glVertex

22

Chapter 2

gluBeginCurve

gluBeginCurve

gluBeginCurve, gluEndCurve: delimit a NURBS curve definition.

C Specification

void gluBeginCurve(

GLUnurbs* nurb)

void gluEndCurve(

GLUnurbs* nurb)

Parameters

nurb Specifies the NURBS object (created with gluNewNurbsRenderer).

Description

Use gluBeginCurve to mark the beginning of a NURBS curve definition. After calling
gluBeginCurve, make one or more calls to gluNurbsCurve to define the attributes of the
curve. Exactly one of the calls to gluNurbsCurve must have a curve type of
GL_MAP1_VERTEX_3 or GL_MAP1_VERTEX_4. To mark the end of the NURBS curve
definition, call gluEndCurve.

B

GL evaluators are used to render the NURBS curve as a series of line segments.
Evaluator state is preserved during rendering with glPushAttrib(GL_EVAL_BIT) and
glPopAttrib().See the glPushAttrib reference page for details on exactly what state these

calls preserve.

See Also

gluBeginSurface,
gluBeginTrim,
gluNewNurbsRenderer,
gluNurbsCurve,
glPopAttrib,

glPushAttrib

Chapter 2

23

B

gluBeginPolygon

gluBeginPolygon

gluBeginPolygon, gluEndPolygon: delimit a polygon description.

C Specification

void gluBeginPolygon(

GLUtesselator* tess)

void gluEndPolygon(

GLUtesselator* tess)

Parameters

tess Specifies the tessellation object (created with gluNewTess).

Description

gluBeginPolygon and gluEndPolygon delimit the definition of a nonconvex polygon. To
define such a polygon, first call gluBeginPolygon. Then define the contours of the polygon
by calling gluTessVertex for each vertex and gluNextContour to start each new contour.
Finally, call gluEndPolygon to signal the end of the definition. See the gluTessVertex and
gluNextContour reference pages for more details.

Once gluEndPolygon is called, the polygon is tessellated, and the resulting triangles are
described through callbacks. See gluTessCallback for descriptions of the callback

functions.

Notes

This command is obsolete and is provided for backward compatibility only. Calls to
gluBeginPolygon are mapped to gluTessBeginPolygon followed by gluTessBeginContour.
Calls to gluEndPolygon are mapped to gluTessEndContour followed by

gluTessEndPolygon.

See Also

gluNewTess,
gluNextContour,
gluTessCallback,
gluTessVertex,
gluTessBeginPolygon,

gluTessBeginContour

24

Chapter 2

gluBeginSurface

gluBeginSurface

gluBeginSurface, gluEndSurface: delimit a NURBS surface definition.

C Specification

void gluBeginSurface(

GLUnurbs* nurb)

void gluEndSurface(

GLUnurbs* nurb)

Parameters

nurb Specifies the NURBS object (created with gluNewNurbsRenderer).

Description

Use gluBeginSurface to mark the beginning of a NURBS surface definition. After calling
gluBeginSurface, make one or more calls to gluNurbsSurface to define the attributes of
the surface. Exactly one of these calls to gluNurbsSurface must have a surface type of
GL_MAP2_VERTEX_3 or GL_MAP2_VERTEX_4. To mark the end of the NURBS
surface definition, call gluEndSurface.

B

Trimming of NURBS surfaces is supported with gluBeginTrim, gluPwlCurve,
gluNurbsCurve, andgluEndTrim. See the gluBeginTrim reference page for details.

GL evaluators are used to render the NURBS surface as a set of polygons. Evaluator
state is preserved during rendering with glPushAttrib(GL_EVAL_BIT) and
glPopAttrib().See the glPushAttrib reference page for details on exactly what state these

calls preserve.

See Also

gluBeginCurve,
gluBeginTrim,
gluNewNurbsRenderer,
gluNurbsCurve,
gluNurbsSurface,

gluPwlCurve

Chapter 2

25

B

gluBeginTrim

gluBeginTrim

gluBeginTrim, gluEndTrim: delimit a NURBS trimming loop definition.

C Specification

void gluBeginTrim(

GLUnurbs* nurb)

void gluEndTrim(

GLUnurbs* nurb)

Parameters

nurb Specifies the NURBS object (created with gluNewNurbsRenderer).

Description

Use gluBeginTrim to mark the beginning of a trimming loop, and gluEndTrim to mark
the end of a trimming loop. A trimming loop is a set of oriented curve segments (forming
a closed curve) that define boundaries of a NURBS surface. You include these trimming
loops in the definition of a NURBS surface, between calls to gluBeginSurface and
gluEndSurface.

The definition for a NURBS surface can contain many trimming loops. For example, if
you wrote a definition for a NURBS surface that resembled a rectangle with a hole
punched out, the definition would contain two trimming loops. One loop would define the
outer edge of the rectangle; the other would define the hole punched out of the rectangle.
The definitions of each of these trimming loops would be bracketed by a
gluBeginTrim/gluEndTrim pair.

The definition of a single closed trimming loop can consist of multiple curve segments,
each described as a piece wise linear curve (see gluPwlCurve) or as a single NURBS
curve (see gluNurbsCurve), or as a combination of both in any order. The only library
calls that can appear in a trimming loop definition (between the calls to gluBeginTrim
and gluEndTrim) are gluPwlCurve and gluNurbsCurve.

The area of the NURBS surface that is displayed is the region in the domain to the left of
the trimming curve as the curve parameter increases. Thus, the retained region of the
NURBS surface is inside a counterclockwise trimming loop and outside a clockwise
trimming loop. For the rectangle mentioned earlier, the trimming loop for the outer edge
of the rectangle runs counterclockwise, while the trimming loop for the punched-out hole
runs clockwise.

If you use more than one curve to define a single trimming loop, the curve segments
must form a closed loop (that is, the endpoint of each curve must be the starting point of
the next curve, and the endpoint of the final curve must be the starting point of the first
curve). If the endpoints of the curve are sufficiently close together but not exactly
coincident, they will be coerced to match. If the endpoints are not sufficiently close, an
error results (see gluNurbsCallback).

26

Chapter 2

gluBeginTrim

If a trimming loop definition contains multiple curves, the direction of the curves must
be consistent (that is, the inside must be to the left of all of the curves). Nested trimming
loops are legal as long as the curve orientations alternate correctly. If trimming curves
are self-intersecting, or intersect one another, an error results.

If no trimming information is given for a NURBS surface, the entire surface is drawn.

See Also

gluBeginSurface,
gluNewNurbsRenderer,
gluNurbsCallback,
gluNurbsCurve,

gluPwlCurve

B

Chapter 2

27

B

glBindTexture

glBindTexture

glBindTexture: bind a named texture to a texture target.

C Specification

void glBindTexture(

GLenum target,
GLuint texture)

Parameters

target Specifies the target to which the texture is bound. Must be either

GL_TEXTURE_1D or GL_TEXTURE_2D. Initially, both

GL_TEXTURE_1D and GL_TEXTURE_2D are bound to texture 0.
texture Specifies the name of a texture.

Description

glBindTexture binds the texture named texture to the specified target. If the name does
not exist, it is created. target must be either GL_TEXTURE_1D or GL_TEXTURE_2D.
When a texture is bound to a target, the previous binding for that target is broken.

Texture names are unsigned integers. The value 0 is reserved to represent the default
texture for each texture target. glGenTextures may be used to generate a set of new
texture names.

When a texture is first bound, it assumes the dimensionality of its target: A texture first
bound to GL_TEXTURE_1D becomes one-dimensional and a texture first bound to
GL_TEXTURE_2D becomes two-dimensional. The state of a one-dimensional texture
immediately after it is first bound is equivalent to the state of the default
GL_TEXTURE_1D at GL initialization, and similarly for two-dimensional textures.

While a texture is bound, GL operations on the target to which it is bound affect the
bound texture, and queries of the target to which it is bound return state from the bound
texture. If texture mapping of the dimensionality of the target to which a texture is
bound is active, the bound texture is used. In effect, the texture targets become aliases
for the textures currently bound to them, and the texture name “0” refers to the default
textures that were bound to them at initialization.

A texture binding created with glBindTexture remains active until a different texture is
bound to the same target, or until the bound texture is deleted with glDeleteTextures.
When a bound texture is deleted, the default texture is bound to that target.

28

Once created, a named texture may be re-bound to the target of the matching
dimensionality as often as needed. It is usually much faster to use glBindTexture to bind
an existing named texture to one of the texture targets than it is to reload the texture
image using glTexImage1D or glTexImage2D. For additional control over performance,
use glPrioritizeTextures.

Chapter 2

glBindTexture

Notes

glBindTexture is available only if the GL version is 1.1 or greater.

Errors

• GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if target is not one of the allowable values.

• GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if texture has a dimensionality that

doesn’t match that of target.

• GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glBindTexture is executed between the

execution of glBegin and the corresponding execution of glEnd.

Associated Gets

glGet with argument GL_TEXTURE_1D_BINDING
glGet with argument GL_TEXTURE_2D_BINDING

See Also

B

glAreTexturesResident,
glDeleteTextures,
glGenTextures,
glGet,
glGetTexParameter,
glIsTexture,
glPrioritizeTextures,
glTexImage1D,
glTexImage2D,

glTexParameter

Chapter 2

29

B

glBitMap

glBitMap

glBitmap: draw a bitmap.

C Specification

void glBitmap(

GLsizei width,
GLsizei height,
GLfloat xorig,
GLfloat yorig,
GLfloat xmove,
GLfloat ymove,

const GLubyte *bitmap)

Parameters

width, height Specify the pixel width and height of the bitmap image.
xorig, yorig Specify the location of the origin in the bitmap image. The origin is

measured from the lower left corner of the bitmap, with right and up

being the positive axes.
xmove, ymove Specify the x and y offsets to be added to the current raster position

after the bitmap is drawn.
bitmap Specifies the address of the bitmap image.

Description

A bitmap is a binary image. When drawn,the bitmap is positioned relative to the current
raster position, and frame buffer pixels corresponding to 1s in the bitmap are written
using the current raster color or index. Frame buffer pixels corresponding to 0s in the
bitmap are not modified.

glBitmap takes seven arguments. The first pair specifies the width and height of the
bitmap image. The second pair specifies the location of the bitmap origin relative to the
lower left corner of the bitmap image. The third pair of arguments specifies x and y
offsets to be added to the current raster position after the bitmap has been drawn. The
final argument is a pointer to the bitmap image itself.

The bitmap image is interpreted like image data for the glDrawPixels command, with
width and height corresponding to the width and height arguments of that command,
and with type set to GL_BITMAP and format set to GL_COLOR_INDEX.

Modes specified using glPixelStore affect the interpretation of bitmap image data; modes
specified using glPixelTransfer do not.

30

If the current raster position is invalid, glBitmap is ignored. Otherwise, the lower left
corner of the bitmap image is positioned at the window coordinates

xw =xr - x
yw = yr - y



o



o

Chapter 2