Page 1
SAFETY &
COMFORT
GUIDE
Page 2
Page 3
Warning
There may be a risk of serious physical
injuries from working at your computer
workstation. Read and follow the recommendations in this Safety & Comfort Guide to
minimize the risk of injury and to increase
your comfort.
Some studies have suggested that long
periods of typing, improper workstation
setup, incorrect work habits, stressful work
conditions and relationships, or problems in
your personal health may be linked to
injuries. These injuries could include carpal
tunnel syndrome, tendinitis, tenosynovitis,
and other musculoskeletal disorders.
The warning signs of these
disorders can occur in the hands,
wrists, arms, shoulders, neck, or
back, and can include:
Numbness, burning, or
tingling
Soreness, aching, or
tenderness
Pain, throbbing, or swelling
Tightness or stiffness
Weakness or coldness
Symptoms may be felt during typing, while
using a mouse, or at other times when no
work with the hands is being performed,
including during the night when these
symptoms might awaken you. If you
experience these symptoms, or any other
persistent or recurring pain or discomfort
that you think may be related to using a
computer, you should promptly consult a
qualified physician and, if available, your
company’s health and safety department. The
earlier a problem is properly diagnosed and
treated, the less chance there is that it will
progress to a disabling condition.
The following pages describe proper
workstation setup, posture, and health and
work habits for computer users. In addition,
this Guide contains product safety information applicable to all Compaq products.
i
Page 4
Notice
The information in this guide is subject to
change without notice.
COMPAQ COMPUTER CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR TECHNICAL OR EDITORIAL ERRORS OR
OMISSIONS CONTAINED HEREIN; NOR FOR INCIDEN-
TAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING
FROM THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE, OR USE OF
THIS MATERIAL.
This guide contains information protected by copyright. No
part of this guide may be photocopied or reproduced in any
form without prior written consent from
Compaq Computer Corporation.
1997 Compaq Computer Corporation.
All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.
Compaq, Deskpro, Armada, Contura, Presario
Registered U. S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Safety & Comfort Guide
First Edition (September 1997)
Part Number 297660-001
Compaq Computer Corporation
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Page 5
Contents
Warning ..................................................................................................... i
Preface...................................................................................................... iv
Symbols and Conventions in Documentation
Symbols on Equipment
Chapter 1
Promoting a Safe and Comfortable Work Environment ................... 1
Important Choices
Take Action for Safety and Comfort
Key Principles
Chapter 2
Finding Your Comfort Zone ................................................................. 5
A Range of Positions
Feet, Knees, and Legs
Back
Forearms, Wrists, and Hands
Shoulders and Elbows
Eyes
Chapter 3
Arranging Your Work Area ................................................................ 13
Monitor
Keyboard and Pointing Device
Arm Supports and a Palm Rest
Papers and Books
Phone
Chapter 4
Working in Comfort ................................................................................ 21
Using a Notebook Computer
Typing Style
Pointing Style
Using a Keyboard on a Sofa
Taking Breaks and Varying Your Tasks
Monitoring Your Health Habits and Exercise
Chapter 5
Ordering Your Adjustments .................................................................. 27
From the Ground Up
From the Top Down
Chapter 6
Self-Check ............................................................................................. 29
Chapter 7
Important Electrical and Mechanical Safety Information .................... 33
Introduction
Product Safety Policy and General Practice
Installation Requirements
General Precautions for Compaq Products
Precautions for Portable Computer Products
Precautions for Server and Network Products
Precautions for Products with External Television Antenna Connectors
Precautions for Products with Modems, Telecommunications,
or Local Area Network Options
Precautions for Products with Laser Devices
Appendix
For More Information ............................................................................ 43
iii
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PREFACE
Symbols and Conventions in Documentation
The following words and symbols mark special messages throughout this guide.
WARNING: Text set off in this manner
indicates that failure to follow directions
could result in bodily harm or loss of life.
CAUTION: Text set off in this manner
indicates that failure to follow directions
could result in damage to equipment or loss
of information.
Text set off in this manner presents clarifying
.
information, specific instructions, commentary,
sidelights, or interesting points of information.
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Symbols on Equipment
The following table contains safety icons that may appear on Compaq equipment. Refer to this table for an explanation of the icons, and heed
the warnings that accompany them.
ICON MEANING WARNING
This symbol, when used alone or in conjunction with any of the
following icons, indicates the need to consult the operating
instructions provided with the product.
This symbol indicates the presence of electric shock hazards.
Enclosures marked with these symbols should only be opened by
a Compaq authorized service provider.
An RJ-45 receptacle marked with this symbol contains a
Network Interface Connection (NIC).
This symbol indicates the presence of a hot surface or component. Touching this surface could result in bodily injury.
This symbol indicates that the equipment is supplied with
multiple sources of power.
A potential risk exists if the operating
instructions are not followed.
To avoid risk of injury from electric shock, do
not open this enclosure.
To avoid risk of electric shock, fire, or damage to the
equipment, do not plug telephone or telecommunications connectors into this receptacle.
To avoid risk of injury from a hot component,
allow the surface to cool before touching.
To avoid risk of injury from electric shock,
remove all power cords to completely
disconnect power from the system.
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Adjust into Your
Comfort Zone
If you share a
computer with
others, readjust the
work environment to
your needs. Each
time you sit down to
work, adjust into
your comfort zone.
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1
1
PROMOTING A SAFE AND COMFORTABLE W ORK ENVIRONMENT
Posture, lighting, furniture, work
organization, and other work conditions
and habits may affect the way you feel and
how well you work. By adjusting your work
environment and personal practices, you
may be able to minimize fatigue and
discomfort, and reduce the risk of
resulting strains that some scientists
believe can lead to injury.
Important Choices
Whenever you use a computer, you make
choices that can affect your comfort and
potentially your safety. This is true
whether you use a full-size keyboard and
monitor on a desk, a notebook computer, or
a wireless keyboard on your lap. In every
case, you c hoose your working posture and
your body’s position relative to your
keyboard, pointing device, monitor, remote
control, phone, and any reference books
and papers. You may also have some control
over lighting and other factors.
Take Action for Safety
and Comfort
Many factors in our work environment
determine whether we work efficiently and
in a manner that promotes good health and
safety. By considering, acting on, and
periodically reevaluating the recommendations in this Guide, it is possible to create a
safer, more comfortable, healthful, and
efficient work environment.
IMPORTANT
Some scientists believe that working intensely,
or for a long time in uncomfortable or unnatural
positions, may pose risks, such as those
mentioned in the Warning.
included in this Guide is designed to help you
work more safely by recommending ways to
work more comfortably and effectively.
TIP
Self-check
After reviewing the information in this chapter,
double-check your postures and habits using
Chapter 6, "Self-Check."
The information
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1
PROMOTING A SAFE AND COMFORTABLE W ORK ENVIRONMENT
Key Principles
To promote safety and comfort,
follow these principles whenever
you use your computer.
ADJUST
Adjust your body position and your
work equipment.
There is no one “right” position. Find
your comfort zone, as described in this
Guide, and when working at your
computer, frequently adjust within this
zone.
2
MOVE
Vary your tasks so that you can move
around; avoid sitting in one posture all
day.
Perform tasks that require walking.
Page 11
RELAX
LISTEN
REMEMBER
Build positive relationships at work and
home. Relax and strive to reduce sources
of stress.
Stay aware of physical tension such as
clenching your muscles and shrugging your
shoulders. Continually release tension.
Take frequent short breaks.
Listen to your body.
Pay attention to any tension, discomfort,
or pain you may feel, and take
immediate action to relieve it.
Remember to exercise regularly and
maintain general fitness. Doing this will
help your body withstand the rigors of
sedentary work.
Respect any medical conditions you may
have or other health factors you may
know of. Adjust your work habits
accordingly.
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Vary Your
Posture
Depending on your
tasks, you may find a
range of seated and
standing postures that
are comfortable.
Within your comfort
zone, change postures
often throughout the
day.
Reclined
Upright
Standing
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2
FINDING Y OUR COMFORT ZONE
A Range of Positions
Rather than working in a single posture, find
your comfort zone. Your comfort zone is a
range of positions that is generally appropriate
and comfortable for your given work
situation.
Move
Sitting still for long periods can cause
discomfort and muscle fatigue. Changing
postures is good for many parts of your body,
including your spine, joints, muscles, and
circulatory system.
♦ Within your comfort zone, change
postures often throughout the day.
♦ Take frequent short breaks: stand up,
carefully stretch, or walk around.
♦ Frequently switch to brief tasks that
require getting up, such as retrieving
output from a printer, filing paperwork, or
consulting a colleague down the hall.
♦ If your furniture offers a wide range of
adjustments, you might find it comfortable
to switch back and forth between sitting and
standing positions.
Different Tasks, Different Postures
Your choice of posture within your comfort
zone may vary with your task. For example,
you may find a reclined posture most
comfortable for computer tasks, and a more
upright posture more comfortable for tasks
requiring frequent reference to papers or
books.
Ordering Your Adjustments
The order in which you make various
adjustments to your body position and work
area may vary depending on the adjustability
of your furniture. For tips on how to order
your adjustments, see Chapter 5, “Ordering
Your Adjustments.”
TIPS
That afternoon slump
Pay particular attention to adjusting your
posture in the afternoon when you may
tend to get fatigued.
Everything is connected
When you reposition any one part of your
body, you may need to adjust other parts
as well.
AVOID!
Don't sit in one fixed posture all day.
Avoid slouching forward.
Be sure not to lean back too far.
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2
FINDING Y OUR COMFORT ZONE
Feet, Knees, and Legs
Make sure your feet can rest solidly and
comfortably on the floor while sitting. Use
an adjustable worksurface and chair that
allow your feet to rest firmly on the floor, or
use a footrest. If you use a footrest, be sure it
is wide enough to accomodate different leg
positions within your comfort zone.
Providing Enough Leg Room
Be sure you have sufficient space under your
work surface for your knees and legs. Avoid
concentrated pressure points along the
underside of your thigh near the knee and
the back side of your lower leg. Stretch your
legs and vary your leg posture throughout
the day.
RIGHT
Rest your feet firmly on
the floor or a footrest.
WRONG!
Don't dangle your feet
and compress your
thighs.
TIPS
Walk
Get up from your desk frequently and take
brief walks.
Leg comfort
Vary your leg positions throughout the day.
AVOID!
Avoid placing boxes or other items under
your desk that limit your leg room. You
should be able to pull yourself all the way
up to your desk without interference.
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Back
Use your chair to fully support your body.
Distribute your weight evenly and use the
entire seat and backrest to support your
body. If your chair has adjustable low back
support, match the contours of the chair’s
backrest to the natural curve of your lower
spine.
RIGHT
Distribute your weight
evenly and use the
entire seat and
backrest to support
your body.
TIP
Adjust often
If your chair is adjustable, experiment with
the adjustments to find numerous comfort-
able positions, then adjust the chair
frequently.
Getting comfortable
Always make sure your lower back is wellsupported. Make sure it feels comfortable in
the position in which you are working.
WRONG!
Don't slouch forward.
AVOID!
If you get a new adjustable chair, or if you
share a chair with someone else, don’t
assume the settings are properly set for you.
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2
2
FINDING Y OUR COMFORT ZONE
Forearms, Wrists, and Hands
Keep your forearms, wrists, and hands
aligned in a straight, neutral position,
whether you are working at a desk or table,
or sitting on a couch or bed. Avoid bending
or angling your wrists while typing or using a
pointing device.
Don't Anchor Your Wr ists
When typing, do not anchor or rest your
wrists on your work surface, your thighs, or
a palm rest (sometimes called a wrist rest).
Resting your palms while typing may be
harmful because it can cause you to bend
your wrists back and can apply pressure to
the undersides of your wrists. A palm rest is
designed to provide support during pauses,
when you are not typing.
RIGHT
Hold a straight, neutral
wrist position while
typing.
WRONG!
Don’t rest your palms on
a work surface while
typing.
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RIGHT
Hold a straight, neutral
wrist position while
typing.
WRONG!
Don’t angle your wrists;
this may cause
unnecessary strain.
TIP
Split Keyboards
If you find it difficult to type with a straight,
neutral wrist position, you may want to try
a split keyboard. Be aware, however, that
improper setup or posture while using a
split keyboard can increase bending in
your wrists. So if you try one, set it up
properly to align your forearms, wrists, and
hands.
AVOID!
Be sure not to rest your wrists on sharp
edges.
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FINDING Y OUR COMFORT ZONE
2
Shoulders and Elbows
Adjust your chair height or keyboard height
so that your shoulders are relaxed and your
elbows hang comfortably at your sides.
Adjust your keyboard slope so that your
wrists are straight.
Checking Elbow Height
Position your elbows in a zone that is near
the height of your keyboard’s home row (the
row that includes the letters G and H). This
position allows you to relax your shoulders.
If you have long upper arms, you may find
you need to position your elbows a bit below
the height of home row in order to provide
enough space under the work surface for
your knees and legs.
TIP
Relax
Remember to relax, particularly in areas
where muscle tension often builds, such as
your shoulders.
RIGHT
Turn your chair to the side
to help determine if your
elbow height is near the
height of your keyboard’s
home row.
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Eyes
Working at your computer for long periods
can be a visually demanding task and may
cause your eyes to become irritated and
fatigued. Therefore, you should give special
attention to vision care, including the
following recommendations:
Resting Your Eyes
Give your eyes frequent breaks. Periodically
look away from the monitor and focus at a
distant point. This may also be a good time to
stretch, breathe deeply, and relax.
Cleaning Your Monitor and Glasses
Keep your display screen and your glasses or
contact lenses clean. If you use a glarereduction filter, clean it according to the
manufacturer’s directions.
Having Your Eyes Examined
To be sure that your vision is adequately
corrected, have your eyes examined regularly
by a vision care specialist. Consider having
glasses made that are specifically suited for
working with a computer monitor. If you
wear bifocals or trifocals, you may find these
special monofocal glasses more comfortable
for computer use. For more information,
see “Adjusting Monitor Height for Bifocal and
Trifocal Users” in Chapter 3.
TIPS
Eye comfort
While looking at your monitor and also while
resting your eyes, remember to blink. This
helps keep your eyes naturally protected and
lubricated and helps prevent dryness, a
common source of discomfort.
Eye break
Give your eyes frequent rests by focusing
them on a distant point.
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BLUR SECTION PHOTO - HOME OFFICE, WOMAN
MODEL, OVERHEAD SHOT, BOOKS, REFERENCE
PAPERS AND PHONE PLACED WITHIN EASY
REACH, CHAIR WITH ARMRESTS
Positioning
Your
Monitor
You may find a
range of monitor
heights that allows
your head to be
balanced
comfortably over
your shoulders.
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3
ARRANGING Y OUR W ORK AREA
Monitor
You will reduce eye strain and muscle fatigue
in your neck, shoulders, and upper back by
properly positioning your monitor and
adjusting its angle.
Positioning the Monitor
Place the monitor directly in front of you. To
determine a comfortable viewing distance,
stretch your arm toward the monitor and
notice the location of your knuckles. Place
your monitor near that location. You should
be able to clearly see the text on your
monitor.
Adjusting the Monitor Height
Your monitor position should allow your
head to be balanced comfortably over your
shoulders. It should not cause your neck to
bend forward uncomfortably or backward to
any degree. You may find it more comfortable to position the monitor so that the top
line of text is just below your eye height. Your
eyes should look slightly downward when
viewing the middle of the screen.
Many computer designs allow you to place
the monitor on top of the system unit. If this
places the monitor too high, you may want to
move the the monitor to the desktop. On the
other hand, if the monitor sits on your work
surface and you feel any discomfort in your
neck or upper back, the monitor may be too
low. In that case, try using a thick book or a
monitor stand to raise the monitor.
Tilting the Monitor
Tilt the monitor so that it faces your eyes. In
general, the monitor screen and your face
should be parallel to each other. To check for
correct monitor tilt, have someone hold a
small mirror in the center of the viewing
area. When sitting in your normal work
posture, you should be able to see your eyes
in the mirror.
TIP
Eye height
Your eye height will change considerably
whether you use a reclining or upright posture,
or some posture in between. Remember to
adjust your monitor’s height and tilt each time
your eye height changes as you move through
your comfort zone.
AVOID!
If you look at the monitor more than you look at
paper documents, avoid placing your monitor
to the side.
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ARRANGING YOUR W ORK A REA
3
Adjusting Monitor Height
for Bifocal and Trifocal Users
If you wear bifocals or trifocals, it’s especially
important to properly adjust your monitor
height. Avoid tilting your head back to view
the screen through the lower portion of your
glasses; this could lead to muscle fatigue in
your neck and back. Instead, try lowering
your monitor. You may want to consider using
monofocal glasses that are specially made for
computer use.
TIPS
Notebook viewing
Whenever using a notebook computer for long
periods, you may find it more comfortable to
connect a full-size monitor. A separate monitor
gives you a wider range of viewing distance and
height options.
14
WRONG!
If you wear bifocals or trifocals, don't position your
monitor so high that you have to tilt your head back to view
the screen.
Adjusting brightness and contrast
Reduce the potential for eye discomfort by
using brightness and contrast controls on your
monitor to improve the quality of text and
graphics.
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Eliminating Glare and Reflections
on Your Monitor
Take the time to eliminate glare and reflections. To control daylight, use blinds, shades,
or drapes, or try other glare-reducing
measures. Use indirect or reduced lighting to
avoid bright spots on your display screen.
If glare is a problem, consider these actions:
♦ Move your monitor to a place where glare
and bright reflections are eliminated.
♦ Turn off or reduce ceiling lights and use
task lighting (one or more adjustable
lamps) to illuminate your work.
♦ If you cannot control the ceiling lights, try
positioning your monitor between rows of
lights instead of directly beneath a row of
lights.
♦ Attach a glare-reduction filter to your
monitor.
♦ Place a visor on your monitor. This device
may be as simple as a piece of cardboard
extending out over the monitor’s top front
edge.
♦ Avoid tilting or swiveling your display in a
way that leads to an uncomfortable head
or upper back posture.
TIP
Eliminating glare
Try positioning your monitor so that its side
faces the windows.
AVOID!
Avoid compromising your posture to
compensate for glare or reflections.
Try to avoid bright light sources in your field
of vision. For example, don’t face an
uncovered window during daylight hours.
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ARRANGING Y OUR W ORK AREA
3
Keyboard and Pointing Device
Place your keyboard, mouse, and other
input devices, so that you can use them with
your body in a relaxed, comfortable
position. In this way, you don’t have to reach
or shrug your shoulders while working.
Positioning the Keyboard
Position the keyboard directly in front of you
to avoid twisting your neck and torso. This
makes it possible to type with your shoulders relaxed and your upper arms hanging
freely at your sides.
Adjusting the Keyboard Height and Slope
Your elbow height should be near the height
of your keyboard’s home row (see illustration under "Shoulders and Elbows"). Adjust
your keyboard slope so that your wrists are
straight.
Aligning the Mouse and Keyboard
When using a mouse or detached trackball,
position the device immediately to the right or
left of your keyboard.
Using a Keyboard Tray Comfortably
If you use a keyboard tray, make sure it is
wide enough to accommodate your pointing
device, such as a mouse or trackball.
Otherwise, you will probably place the
mouse on your desktop, higher and farther
away than the keyboard. This will lead you to
stretch forward repeatedly, and uncomfortably, to reach the mouse.
RIGHT
Position your pointing
device immediately to
the right or left of your
keyboard.
WRONG!
Don’t position your
keyboard and pointing
device at different levels
and distances.
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Arm Supports and a Palm Rest
You may find that supports for your forearms
or hands allow you to be more relaxed and
comfortable.
Using Arm Supports
Some chairs and desks provide padded areas
for resting your arms. You may find it
comfortable to rest the middle of your
forearms on these supports while typing,
pointing, or pausing. Arm supports are
properly adjusted when your shoulders are in a
comfortable position and your wrists are
straight.
Using a Palm Rest
A palm rest is designed to provide support
during pauses, not during typing or pointing.
While typing or using a pointing device, keep
wrists free to move, not anchored or resting
on a palm rest, the desk, or your thighs.
RIGHT
You may find that arm supports help you relax your
shoulders and keep your wrists free to move while typing.
TIP
For pauses only
Palm rests should only be used during pauses,
when you are not typing or using your pointing
device.
AVOID!
Armrests should not cause you to:
Shrug or drop your shoulders.
Put excessive pressure on your elbows.
“Wing” your arms (extend elbows out to
the sides).
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ARRANGING Y OUR W ORK AREA
Papers and Books
Select a work surface or surfaces that are
large enough to hold the computer equipment and any additional items required for
your work. To help minimize eye fatigue,
position any materials to which you frequently refer at about the same viewing
distance.
Minimizing Your Reach
Arrange your frequently used papers, books,
or other items to minimize the distance you
reach for them. If you frequently refer to
books, papers, and writing materials, and if
you use a keyboard tray, make sure the tray,
when extended, doesn’t cause you to lean
forward or reach excessively. This can stress
your shoulders and back. If you find that such
stress occurs, you may want to consider a
different type of work setup.
Using a Document Holder
If you use a document holder, position it
near the monitor at the same distance,
height, and angle as the monitor. Positioning
the holder in this way can increase your neck
comfort as you refer back and forth between
your papers and the display screen, by
helping you keep your head balanced over
your shoulders.
If your primary task is typing from paper
documents, you may find it more comfortable to place your document holder directly
in front of you and your monitor slightly to
one side, or on a slant board between your
monitor and keyboard. Consider this option
only if you spend more time looking at the
paper than at your monitor.
WRONG!
Don’t arrange your work area in a way that
causes you to repeatedly strain forward to see
and reach frequently used items such as books,
papers, or a phone.
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Phone
Cradling your phone between your ear and
shoulder may lead to neck, shoulder, and
back discomfort. If you use your phone a
lot, try using a headset or positioning your
phone so you pick it up with your nondominant hand. This frees your dominant
hand for note-taking.
When not in use, place the phone within
easy reach.
RIGHT
Use a headset to free your
hands and help you avoid
uncomfortable positions.
WRONG!
Don’t cradle your phone
between your ear and
shoulder.
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20
On
the
Road
In a hotel, use a
blanket for
padding your
chair and a
rolled towel as an
inventive way to
support your
lower back area.
Page 29
4
WORKING IN COMFORT
Using a Notebook Computer
Maintaining a high level of comfort when
using a notebook computer may be more
challenging than when using a desktop
computer. Therefore, you should be especially alert to your body’s signals, such as any
feeling of discomfort. Also, be sure to adhere
to the key principles presented earlier in this
Guide.
The following strategies are intended to help
you maintain comfort when using a notebook
computer:
Seeking Comfort
When working with a notebook computer,
keep your shoulders and neck relaxed and
your head balanced over your shoulders. You
may find it comfortable to periodically use a
support surface (your briefcase, a bed table,
firm blanket, pillow, or large book) between
your lap and your notebook computer.
Being Inventive
Use pillows, blankets, towels, and books
to:
♦ Raise the height of your seat.
♦ Create a footrest, if needed.
♦ Support your back.
♦ Raise your computer to elevate the
keyboard and display.
♦ Provide arm supports, if you are
working on a couch or bed.
♦ Provide padding wherever needed.
Transpor ting the Computer
If you load up your carrying case with
accessories and papers, avoid shoulder
strain by using a cart or a carrying case
with built-in wheels.
TIPS
Notebook comfort
When you must work where proper seating or
support may not be available, such as on
airplanes or in wilderness areas, change your
position often while working and take brief
breaks more frequently.
Long hours of use
You may find it more comfortable to use a full-
size keyboard, monitor, and detached mouse or
trackball with your notebook computer. This is
especially important when working on your
notebook computer for long hours.
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WORKING IN COMFORT
4
Typing Style
Observe your typing style and notice how
you use your fingers and hands. Avoid
keeping any unnecessary tension in your
thumbs and fingers. Observe whether you
have a heavy touch or a light touch while
typing. Use the minimum amount of force
needed to depress the keys.
RIGHT
Relax your thumbs
and fingers while
typing and
pointing; notice
and release excess
tension.
TIPS
Keep it light
If your typing is on the heavy side, teach
yourself to lighten up. Press the keys more
gently.
Reaching for Keys and Key Combinations
To reach keys that are not near your
keyboard’s home row, move your whole
arm; avoid stretching your fingers and
angling your wrists. When pressing two keys
simultaneously, such as Ctrl+C or Alt+F, use
two hands instead of contorting one hand to
reach both keys.
22
WRONG!
Don’t type or point
with unnecessary
tension in your
thumbs and
fingers.
“Hunt-and-peck” typing
Non-touch-typing causes the neck to bend
forward repeatedly. To minimize this repetitive
movement, learn how to touch-type so you
don’t need to look down at the keyboard as
often.
AVOID!
Avoid banging on the keys.
Don't use more force than needed to
press the keys.
Page 31
Pointing Style
Use your whole arm and shoulder to move
the mouse, not just your wrist. Don’t rest or
anchor your wrist while using your pointing
device; keep your wrist, arm, and shoulder
free to move.
Adjusting Software Controls
You can use the software control panel to
adjust the properties of your pointing device.
For example, to reduce or eliminate mouselifting, try increasing the acceleration setting.
If you use a pointing device with your left
hand, the software control panel will allow
you to switch the button assignments for
maximum comfort.
Clean Frequently
Dirt can make pointing more difficult.
Remember to clean your mouse or trackball
frequently.
RIGHT
Keep your wrist in
a straight, neutral
position when
using your pointing
device.
WRONG!
Don't angle your
wrist when using
your pointing
device.
TIPS
Pointing comfort
When using a mouse or trackball, hold it
loosely. Keep your hand relaxed, and click the
buttons using a light touch. When you are not
using your pointing device, don’t hold onto it;
let it go.
Switch hands
To give your hand a break, you may choose to
control your mouse or trackball with the
opposite hand for awhile.
AVOID!
Avoid gripping or pinching your mouse tightly.
23
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4
WORKING IN COMFORT
Using a Keyboard on a Sofa
Even if you use your keyboard in a seemingly
comfortable place such as a sofa, bed, or
your favorite lounge chair, you can still cause
discomfort by sitting in an awkward position
or in one position for long periods. Remember to frequently make changes to your
position, within your comfort zone, and to
take short breaks.
Aligning Forearms, Wrists, and Hands
When working on a keyboard on your lap,
keep your forearms, wrists, and hands
comfortably aligned with each other in a
straight, neutral line. Avoid bending or angling
your wrists. If your keyboard has palm rests,
use them during pauses, not while typing or
using a pointing device.
RIGHT
Experiment with positioning pillows under your
forearms; they may help keep your shoulders
relaxed and your wrists straight.
TIP
Even on a sofa
Remember to properly support your lower
back.
AVOID!
Avoid slouching.
Be sure not to recline too much; this
may fatigue your neck and upper back.
Don't bend or angle your wrists.
Avoid sitting completely still and working
without breaks for long periods.
24
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Taking Breaks and Varying Your Tasks
As noted earlier in this Guide, your fur niture
placement, office equipment, and lighting
are only a few of the factors that determine
comfort. Your work habits are also very
important. Remember the following:
Take Breaks
When you work at your computer for long
periods, take short breaks at least once per
hour and preferably more often. You may find
that frequent, short breaks will benefit you
more than fewer, longer breaks.
If you find that you forget to take breaks, use
a timer or specialized software. Several
software tools are available that remind you
to take breaks at intervals you specify.
During your breaks, stand up and stretch,
especially any muscles and joints you may
have held in an extended static posture while
using the computer.
Vary Your Tasks
Examine your work habits and the types of
tasks you perform. Break up the routine and
try to vary your tasks during the day. By
doing so, you may avoid sitting in one
position or performing the same activities
continuously for several hours using your
hands, arms, shoulders, neck, or back. For
example, you could print out your work to
proofread rather than proofing from your
monitor.
Reduce Sources of Stress
Take an inventory of things at work that are
stressful to you. If you perceive that your
physical or psychological health is being
affected, take time to evaluate what changes
you can make to reduce or eliminate the
sources of stress.
TIPS
Try it and see
Contrary to what some may believe, several
studies have found that
decline when frequent short breaks are added
to the day.
Breathe deeply
Breathe fresh air deeply and regularly. The
intense mental concentration that may
accompany computer use may tend to cause
breath-holding or shallow breathing.
productivity does NOT
25
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4
WORKING IN COMFORT
Monitoring Your Health Habits and Exercise
The comfort and safety of working at your
computer can be affected by your general
state of health. Studies have shown that a
variety of health conditions may increase the
risk of discomfort, muscle and joint disorders, or injuries.
Vascular disorders
Generally poor physical condition and
dietary habits
Prior injuries, traumas, and
musculoskeletal disorders
Monitoring Personal Tolerance Levels
and Limits
Different users of computers have different
levels of tolerance for intensive work over a
long period. Monitor your personal tolerance
levels and avoid regularly exceeding them.
These preexisting conditions include:
Hereditary factors
Arthritis and other connective tissue
disorders
Diabetes and other endocrine
disorders
Thyroid conditions
26
Excessive weight
Stress
Smoking
Pregnancy, menopause, and other
conditions affecting hormone levels and
water retention
Advancing age
If any of the listed health conditions apply to
you, it is particularly important to know and
monitor your personal limits.
Cultivating Health and Fitness
Additionally, your overall health and tolerance
for the rigors of work typically can be
improved by avoiding adverse health conditions and by exercising regularly to improve
and maintain your physical fitness.
Page 35
5
ORDERING Y OUR ADJUSTMENTS
The order in which you follow the advice in
the proceeding chapters depends on the
adjustability of your work surface.
If your work surface height adjusts,
then systematically adjust yourself and
your computer “from the ground up.”
If you have a fixed desk or table,
systematically adjust yourself and your
computer “from the top down.”
From the Ground Up
1. Seat height: you should be able to
plant your feet firmly on the floor.
2. Chair back angles and lower back
support: your back should be well
supported.
3. Keyboard height: home row should be
near your elbow height.
4. Keyboard slope: wrists should be
straight.
5. Pointing device: should be placed to
the immediate left or right of your
keyboard.
6. Optional forearm supports: shoulder
should not be elevated or dropped.
7. Monitor distance, height, and angle:
should allow your head to be balanced
comfortably over your shoulders.
8. Document holder, phone, and
reference materials: frequently used
items should be within easy reach.
From the Top Down
1. Seat height: elbow height should be
near your keyboard’s home row.
2. Footrest, if you need one.
3. Follow steps 2 through 8 above.
TIP
Be inventive
Adjustable furniture designed for computer
use may not always be available. However,
you can use towels, pillows, blankets, and
books in many ways, such as to:
♦ Raise the height of your chair.
♦ Create a footrest.
♦ Support your back.
♦ Elevate the keyboard or display.
♦ Provide arm supports if you are working
on a sofa or bed.
♦ Provide padding wherever needed.
27
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28
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6
SELF-CHECK
To increase your comfort and reduce
potential safety risks, use this checklist to
help you evaluate your work posture and
habits.
Seated Position
r Have you found a range of seated
postures that are most comfortable for
you?
r Are you changing postures within your
“comfort zone” throughout the day,
especially in the afternoon?
r Are your feet firmly planted?
r Are the undersides of your thighs near
your knees free of pressure?
r Are the backs of your lower legs free
of pressure?
r Is there sufficient space under your
work surface for your knees and legs?
r Is your lower back supported?
Shoulders, Arms, Wrists, and Hands
r Are your shoulders relaxed?
r Are your hands, wrists, and forearms
aligned in a straight, neutral position?
r If you use arm supports, are they
adjusted so that your shoulders are
relaxed and your wrists are straight?
r Are your elbows in a relaxed position
near your body?
r Do you avoid resting your hands and
wrists while typing or pointing?
r Do you avoid resting your hands and
wrists on sharp edges?
r Do you avoid cradling the phone
between your ear and shoulder?
r Are items you use frequently, such as
your phone and reference materials,
easy to reach?
Eyes
r Do you rest your eyes frequently by
focusing on a distant point ?
r Do you get your eyes examined
regularly by a vision care specialist?
r Do you blink enough?
r If you wear bifocals or trifocals, do
you avoid tilting your head back to see
the monitor?
Typing Style
r Are you training yourself to lighten up
when you find you are pounding on
the keys?
r If you are not a touch typist, have you
been taking typing lessons?
r Are you training your fingers to relax
when they become tense?
r Do you use your whole arm to reach
for keys not located near the home
row?
29
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SELF-CHECK
6
Keyboard and Pointing Device
r Is your keyboard positioned directly in
front of you?
r Are your keyboard height and slope
adjusted so that your wrists are
straight and your shoulders relaxed?
r If you are typing with the keyboard on
your lap, are your shoulders relaxed
and your wrists straight?
r If you are using a mouse or detached
trackball, is it placed to the immediate
right or left of your keyboard?
r If you are using a mouse or trackball,
are you holding it loosely, with a
relaxed hand?
r Do you let go of your pointing device
when you are not using it?
r Are you using a light touch when you
click the buttons on your pointing
device (mouse, trackball, touchpad,
or pointing stick)?
r Are you cleaning your mouse or
trackball frequently?
Monitor
r Is your monitor positioned in front of
you and at a comfortable viewing
distance, about arm’s length? Or if you
look at a paper document more than
your monitor, is your document
holder in front of you with your
monitor to one side?
r Are the text and images on your
monitor easily visible in a comfortably
seated position?
r Have you eliminated glare and bright
reflections on your monitor, without
compromising your posture?
r Is your monitor’s entire viewing area
located just below your eye height?
r Is your monitor tilted so your face and
the monitor are parallel?
r Have you adjusted the brightness and
contrast controls to improve the
quality of text and graphics?
r Is your document holder positioned
near the monitor, at the same distance,
height, and angle as the monitor?
30
Page 39
Notebook Computing
r Do you change postures frequently?
r Do you avoid resting your wrists on
your thighs while typing?
r To avoid neck fatigue when using the
computer on a sofa or bed, do you
avoid reclining too far?
r Where possible, have you tried using
a full-size keyboard and detached
pointing device, such as a mouse or
trackball, with your notebook
computer?
r Similarly, have you tried using a full-
size monitor?
General Prevention
r Do you take breaks and walk around
briefly, at least once per hour?
r Do you exercise regularly?
r Periodically, do you take inventory of
the stress in your life and change what
is within your control to change?
r If you experience any symptoms that
you think may relate to your using a
computer, whether you experience
them during work or at other times,
have you consulted a doctor and, if
available, your company’s health and
safety department?
TIPS
Double-check
Review your postures and habits using
this checklist. Periodically reread
Chapters 1 through 5 of this Guide.
Listen to your body
Anytime you make changes to your
tasks, work area, or posture, "listen"
to your body. Its signals of comfort or
discomfort will help you know whether
your adjustments are right.
31
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32
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7
IMPORTANT ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SAFETY INFORMATION
Introduction
Compaq products are designed to operate
safely when installed and used according to
general safety practices. The guidelines
included in this chapter explain the potential
risks associated with computer operation and
provide important safety practices designed to
minimize these risks. By carefully following
the information contained in this chapter, you
can protect yourself from hazards and create a
safer computer work environment.
This chapter provides information on the
following topics:
♦ Product safety policy
♦ Product installation requirements
♦ General safety precautions for all Compaq
products
If you have a serious concern regarding the
safe use of the equipment that your Compaq
authorized service provider cannot address,
call Compaq Customer Support for your area.
Product Safety Policy
and General Practice
Compaq products are designed and tested to
meet IEC 950, the Standard for the Safety of
Information Technology Equipment. This is
the International Electrotechnical
Commission's safety standard covering the
type of equipment that Compaq manufactures. Testing may include evaluation according to other criteria such as many of the
international, national, and regional standards
based on deviations to IEC 950.
Safety Standards
The IEC 950 standards provide general safety
design requirements that reduce the risk of
personal injury to both the computer user and
the service provider. These standards protect
against the following hazards:
♦ Electric shock
Hazardous voltage levels contained in
parts of the product
♦ Fire
Overloads, temperature, material
flammability
♦ Mechanical
Sharp edges, moving parts, instability
♦ Energy
Circuits with high energy levels (240 volt
amperes) or potential as burn hazards
♦ Heat
Accessible parts of the product at high
temperatures
♦ Chemical
Chemical fumes and vapors
♦ Radiation
Noise, ionizing, laser, ultrasonic waves
33
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IMPORTANT ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SAFETY INFORMATION
7
3
Installation
Requirements
General Precautions
for Compaq Products
Compaq products operate safely when used
according to their marked electrical ratings
and product usage instructions. Use facilities
that comply with the following electrical
codes to ensure the safe operation of
Compaq products:
In the United States, operate the product
in commercial or residential structures
that have electrical installation in compliance with American National Standards
Institute/National Fire Protection Association (ANSI/NFPA) 70, United States
National Electric Code, or ANSI/NFPA 75,
Protection of Electronic Computer/Data
Processing Equipment, with branch circuit
current protection of up to 20 amperes.
In Canada, operate the product in
commercial or residential structures that
have electrical installation in compliance
with the Canadian Standards Association
(CAN/CSA) C22.1, Canadian Electrical
Code.
34
In all other countries, operate the product in
commercial or residential structures that
have electrical installation in compliance
with local and regional office and residential
electrical wiring codes such as International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 364
parts 1 through 7.
IMPORTANT: Do not use Compaq
products in areas classified as hazardous
locations. Such areas include patient care
areas of medical and dental facilities, oxygenladen environments, or industrial facilities.
Contact your local electrical authority
governing building construction, maintenance, or safety for more information
regarding the installation of any product.
For more information, please consult the
information, manuals, and literature
provided with your product or contact your
local sales representative.
Retain the product’s safety and operating
instructions for future reference. Follow all
operating and usage instructions. Observe all
warnings on the product and in the operating
instructions.
To reduce the risk of fire, bodily injury, and
damage to the equipment, observe the
following precautions.
Damage Requiring Service
Unplug the product from the electrical
outlet and take the product to a Compaq
authorized service provider under the
following conditions:
♦ The power cord, extension cord, or plug is
damaged.
♦ Liquid has been spilled or an object has
fallen into the product.
♦ The product has been exposed to water.
♦ The product has been dropped or damaged
in any way.
♦ There are noticeable signs of overheating.
♦ The product does not operate normally
when you follow the operating instructions.
Page 43
Servicing
Except as explained elsewhere in the
Compaq documentation, do not service any
Compaq product yourself. Opening or
removing covers that are marked
may
expose you to electric shock. Service
needed on components inside these
compartments should be done by a
Compaq authorized service provider.
Mounting Accessories
Do not use the product on an unstable
table, cart, stand, tripod, or bracket. The
product may fall, causing serious bodily
injury and serious damage to the product.
Use only with a table, cart, stand, tripod,
or bracket recommended by the manufacturer, or sold with the product. Any
mounting of the product should follow the
manufacturer’s instructions, and should
use a mounting accessory recommended
by the manufacturer.
Ventilation
Slots and openings in the product are
provided for ventilation and should never be
blocked or covered, since these ensure
reliable operation of the product and protect
it from overheating. The openings should
never be blocked by placing the product on
a bed, sofa, carpet, or other similar, flexible
surface. The product should not be placed in
a built-in apparatus such as a bookcase or
rack unless the apparatus has been specifically designed to accommodate the product,
proper ventilation is provided for the
product, and the manufacturer’s instructions
have been followed.
Water and Moisture
Do not use the product in a wet location.
Grounded (Earthed) Products
Some products are equipped with a threewire electrical grounding-type plug that has
a third pin for grounding. This plug only fits
into a grounded electrical outlet. This is a
safety feature. Do not defeat the safety
purpose of the grounding-type plug by
trying to insert it into a non-grounded
outlet. If you cannot insert the plug into
the outlet, contact your electrician to
replace the obsolete outlet.
Power Sources
The product should be operated only from
the type of power source indicated on the
product’s electrical ratings label. If you
have questions about the type of power
source to use, contact your Compaq
authorized service provider or local power
company. For a product that operates from
battery power or other power sources,
refer to the operating instructions included
with the product.
35
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7
IMPORTANT ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SAFETY INFORMATION
Accessibility
Be sure that the power outlet you plug the
power cord into is easily accessible and
located as close to the equipment operator
as possible. When you need to disconnect
power to the equipment, be sure to
unplug the power cord from the electrical
outlet.
Voltage Select Switch
Ensure that the voltage select switch is in
the correct position for the type of voltage
you use (115 VAC or 230 VAC).
Internal Battery
Your computer may contain an internal
battery-powered real-time clock circuit.
Do not attempt to recharge the battery,
disassemble it, immerse it in water, or
dispose of it in fire. Replacement should
be done by a Compaq authorized service
provider using the Compaq spare part for
the computer.
36
Power Cords
If you have not been provided with a
power cord for your computer or for any
AC-powered option intended for use with
your computer, you should purchase a
power cord that is approved for use in your
country.
The power cord must be rated for the
product and for the voltage and current
marked on the product’s electrical ratings
label. The voltage and current rating of the
cord should be greater than the voltage and
current rating marked on the product. In
addition, the diameter of the wire must be
a minimum of 0.75 mm
2
/18AWG and the
cord should be between 5 and 6.5 feet (1.5
and 2 meters) long. If you have questions
about the type of power cord to use, contact
your Compaq authorized service provider.
Route the power cord so that it will not be
walked on, tr ipped over, or pinched by
items placed upon or against it. Pay
particular attention to the plug, electrical
outlet, and the point where the cord exits
the product.
Protective Attachment Plug
In some countries, the product cord set
may be equipped with a wall plug having
overload protection. This is a safety
feature. If the plug needs to be replaced,
be sure the Compaq authorized service
provider uses a replacement plug specified
by the manufacturer as having the same
overload protection as the original plug.
Extension Cord
If an extension cord or power strip is used,
make sure that the cord or strip is rated for
the product and that the total ampere
ratings of all products plugged into the
extension cord or power strip do not
exceed 80% of the extension cord or strip
ampere ratings limit.
Page 45
Overloading
Do not overload an electrical outlet,
power strip, or convenience receptacle.
The overall system load must not exceed
80% of the branch circuit rating. If power
strips are used, the load should not exceed
80% of the power strip input rating.
Cleaning
Unplug the product from the wall outlet
before cleaning. Do not use liquid cleaners
or aerosol cleaners. Use a damp cloth for
cleaning.
Heat
The product should be placed away from
radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other
pieces of equipment (including amplifiers)
that produce heat.
Replacement Parts
When replacement parts are required, be
sure the service provider uses replacement
parts specified by Compaq.
Safety Check
Upon completion of any service or repairs
to the product, have your Compaq
authorized service provider perform safety
checks to determine that the product is in
proper operating condition.
Options and Upgrades
Use only the options and upgrades
recommended by Compaq.
Hot Surfaces
Allow the equipment’s internal components and hot-pluggable drives to cool
before touching them.
Object Entry
Never push a foreign object through an
opening in the product.
Precautions for
Portable Computer
Products
In addition to the general precautions
described earlier in this chapter, be sure to
observe the following precautions when
operating a portable computer product.
Failure to observe these precautions could
result in fire, bodily injury, and damage to
the equipment.
Monitor Support Cover
Do not place a monitor with an unstable
base or a monitor heavier than 55 pounds
(25 kilograms) on top of a monitor
support cover. Instead, place the monitor
on a work surface next to the docking
base.
Rechargeable Battery Pack
Do not crush, puncture, or incinerate the
battery pack or short the metal contacts.
In addition, do not attempt to open or
service the battery pack.
Docking Base
To avoid pinching your fingers, do not
touch the rear of the computer when
docking it into a base.
37
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7
IMPORTANT ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SAFETY INFORMATION
Precautions for Server
and Network Products
In addition to the general precautions
described earlier in this chapter, be sure to
observe the following precautions when
operating server and network products.
Failure to observe these precautions could
result in fire, bodily injury, and damage to
the equipment.
Safety Interlocks and Enclosures
To prevent access to areas containing
hazardous energy levels, some servers are
provided with enclosures and safety
interlocks. Many Compaq servers are
interlocked so that the power supply is
disabled when the enclosure cover is
removed. For servers provided with safety
interlocks, observe the following precautions:
♦ Do not remove enclosure cover s or
attempt to defeat the safety interlocks.
38
♦ Do not repair accessories and options
inside enclosed or interlocked areas of the
system. Repair should be performed only
by individuals who are qualified in
servicing computer equipment and
trained to deal with products capable of
producing hazardous energy levels.
Accessories and Options
Installation of accessories and options in
safety interlocked areas should performed
only by individuals who are qualified in
servicing computer equipment and trained
to deal with products capable of producing
hazardous energy levels.
Products with Casters
Products provided with casters should be
moved with care. Quick stops, excessive
force, and uneven surfaces may cause the
product to overturn.
Hot-Pluggable Power Supplies
Observe the following guidelines when
connecting and disconnecting power to the
power supplies:
♦ Install the power supply before connect
ing the power cord to the power supply.
♦ Unplug the power cord before removing
the power supply from the server.
♦ If the system has multiple sources of
power, disconnect power from the
system by unplugging all power cords
from the power supplies.
Floor Standing Products
Be sure the bottom stabilizers on the
equipment are installed and fully extended. Ensure that the equipment is
properly stabilized and supported before
installing options and cards.
Page 47
Rack-Mountable Products
Because the rack allows you to stack
computer components vertically, you must
take precautions to provide for rack
stability and safety:
♦ Do not move large racks by yourself.
Due to the height and weight of the
rack, Compaq recommends a minimum
of two people to accomplish this task.
♦ Before working on the rack, be sure the
leveling jacks (feet) extend to the floor
and that the full weight of the rack rests
on the floor. Also install stabilizing feet
on a single rack or join multiple racks
together before starting work.
♦ Always load the rack from the bottom
up, and load the heaviest item in the
rack first. This makes the rack bottomheavy and helps prevent the rack from
becoming unstable.
♦ Ensure that the rack is level and stable
before extending a component from the
rack.
♦ Extend only one component at a time.
The rack may become unstable if more
than one component is extended.
♦ Use caution when pressing the compo-
nent rail release latches and sliding a
component into the rack. The slide rails
could pinch your fingers.
♦ Do not overload the AC supply branch
circuit that provides power to the rack.
The total rack load should not exceed
80% of the branch circuit rating.
Precautions for
Products with
External Television
Antenna Connectors
In addition to the general precautions described earlier in this chapter, be sure to
observe the following precautions when using
external television antennas with your
product. Failure to observe these precautions
could result in fire, bodily injury, and damage
to the equipment.
Compatibility
Compaq television tuner cards with antenna
connections should be used only with
Compaq personal computers that are
intended for home use.
External Television Antenna
Grounding
If an outside antenna or cable system is
connected to the product, be sure the
antenna or cable system is electrically
grounded to protect against voltage surges
and built-up static charges. Article 810 of
the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA
70, provides information about proper
electrical grounding of the mast and
supporting structure, grounding of the
39
Page 48
IMPORTANT ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SAFETY INFORMATION
7
6
lead-in wire to an antenna discharge unit,
size of grounding conductors, location of
antenna-discharge unit, connection to
grounding electrodes, and requirements for
the grounding electrode.
Lightning Protection
To protect a Compaq product during a
lightning storm or when it will be unattended and unused for long periods of time,
unplug the product from the electrical
outlet and disconnect the antenna or cable
system. This prevents damage to the
product due to lightning and power line
surges.
Power Lines
Do not place an outside antenna system in
the vicinity of overhead power lines or other
electric light or power circuits, or where it
can fall into power lines or circuits. When
installing an outside antenna system, take
extreme care to avoid touching power lines
or circuits, as contact with them could be
fatal.
40
Antenna Grounding
This reminder is provided to call the CATV
(cable television) system installer’s attention
to Section 820-40 of the NEC (National
Electrical Code), which provides guidelines
for proper grounding and, in particular,
specifies that the cable ground shall be
connected to the grounding system of the
building, as close to the point of cable entry
as practical.
1 Electric Ser vice Equipment
2 Power Service Grounding Electrode System
(NEC Art 250, Part H)
3 Ground Clamps
4 Grounding Conductors (NEC Section 810-21)
5 Antenna Discharge Unit (NEC Section 810-20)
6 Ground Clamp
7 Antenna Lead in Wire
Antenna Grounding
Page 49
Precautions for
Products with Modems,
Telecommunications,
or Local Area
Network Options
In addition to the general precautions described
earlier in this chapter, be sure to observe the
following precautions when operating telecommunications and network equipment. Failure to
observe these precautions could result in fire,
bodily injury, and damage to the equipment.
♦ Do not connect or use a modem or
telephone (other than a cordless type)
during a lightning storm. There may be a
remote risk of electric shock from lightning.
♦ Never connect or use a modem or
telephone in a wet location.
♦ Do not plug a modem or telephone cable
into the Network Interface Card (NIC)
receptacle.
♦ Disconnect the modem cable before
opening a product enclosure, touching or
installing internal components, or touching
an uninsulated modem cable or jack.
♦ Do not use a telephone line to repor t a gas
leak while you are in the vicinity of the
leak.
Precautions for
Products with Laser
Devices
All Compaq systems equipped with a laser
device comply with safety standards,
including International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) 825. With specific regard
to the laser, the equipment complies with laser
product performance standards set by
government agencies for a Class 1 laser
product. The product does not emit hazardous
light; the beam is totally enclosed during all
modes of customer operation and maintenance.
Laser Safety Warnings
In addition to the general precautions
described earlier in this chapter, be sure to
observe the following warnings when
operating a product equipped with a laser
device. Failure to observe these warnings
could result in fire, bodily injury, and
damage to the equipment.
WARNING: To reduce the risk of
exposure to hazardous radiation:
♦ Do not try to open the unit
enclosure. There are no userserviceable components inside.
♦ Do not operate controls, make
adjustments, or perform
procedures to the laser device
other than those specified herein.
♦ Allow only Compaq Authorized
Service technicians to repair the
unit.
41
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IMPORTANT ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SAFETY INFORMATION
7
6
Compliance with CDRH Regulations
The Center for Devices and Radiological
Health (CDRH) of the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration implemented regulations for
laser products on August 2, 1976. These
regulations apply to laser products manufactured from August 1, 1976. Compliance
is mandatory for products marketed in the
United States.
Compliance with International
Regulations
All Compaq systems equipped with a laser
device comply with appropriate safety
standards including IEC 825 and IEC 950.
42
Laser Product Label
The following label or equivalent is located
on the surface of your laser device. This
label indicates that the product is classified
as a CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT.
Laser Information
Laser Type
Wave Length
Divergence Angle
Output Power
Polarization
Numerical Aperture 0.45 inches +/- 0.04 inches
Semiconductor GaAIAs
780 nm +/- 35 nm
53.5 degrees +/- 0.5 degrees
Less than 0.2 mW or 10,869 W·m-2 sr
Circular 0.25
-1
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APPENDIX
For More Information
If you want more information about arrangement of work space and equipment or safety
standards, consult the following references:
"American National Standard for Human
Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal
Workstations," ANSI/HFS Standard No. 100-
1988. Human Factors Society, Inc., P.O. Box
1369, Santa Monica, CA 90406.
Working Safely with Your Computer. Washington,
D.C.: National Safety Council, 1991.
Or write to:
American National Standards
Institute
11 West 42nd St.
New York, NY 10036
TEL: (212) 642-4900
FAX: (212) 398-0023
http://www.ansi.org
EMAIL: info@ansi.org
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH)
NIOSH Publications
4676 Columbia Pkwy, MS C-13
Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
TEL: (800) 356-4674
FAX: (513) 533-8573
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/
homepage.html
EMAIL: pubstaft@cdc.gov
Human Factors and Ergonomics
Society
ANSI/HFS 100-1988 Standard
P.O. Box 1369
Santa Monica, CA 90406-1369
TEL: (310) 394-1811
FAX: (310) 394-2410
http://hfes.org
EMAIL: hfes@compuserve.com
International Standards Organization
(ISO)
Central Secretariat
International Organization for Standardization
1, rue de Varembé
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Genève 20, Switzerland
TEL: +41 22 749 01 11
FAX: +41 22 733 34 30
http://www.iso.ch
http://www.iso.ch/infoe/stbodies.html
EMAIL: central@iso.ch
43
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APPENDIX
National Safety Council Library
1121 Spring Lake Dr.
Itasca, IL 60143-3201
TEL: (630) 775-2199
FAX: (630) 285-0242
http://www.nsc.org
EMAIL: bob-nsc@dupagels.lib.il.us
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
Publications Office
U.S. Depar tment of Labor
200 Constitution Ave. NW, Room N3101
Washington, DC 20210
http://www.osha.gov
http://www.osha-slc.gov/ergo
http://www.osha.gov/oshpubs/oshapubs
44
TCO Information Center
150 North Michigan Ave., Suite 1200
Chicago, IL 60601-7594
TEL: (312) 781-6223
FAX: (312) 346-0683
http://www.tco-info.com/chicago.html
EMAIL: info@tco-info.com
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