may result if personnel fail to observe safety precautions.
Learn the areas containing high voltage
in each piece of equipment.
Be careful not to contact high-voltage or 115-volt ac input connections
when installing or operating this equipment.
Before working inside the equipment, turn power off and ground points of
high potential before touching them.
POWER METER
432A
SERIAL PREFIX: 914-
This manual applies directly to HP Model
432A Power Meters having serial prefix
number 914.
SERIAL PREFIXES NOT LISTED
For serial prefixes above 914, a “Manual
Changes” sheet is included with this manual.
For HP Model 432A with serial prefix below 914 refer to Appendix A.
Thermistor Assembly
Replacement Kit, HP
00478-600------------------
List of ILLUSTRATIONS
Number
1
Maximum Power Meter Read-
ing vs PRF for Pulses
Shorter than 250 u s ----
2
Maximum Power Meter Read-
ings vs Duty Cycle for
Pulses Longer than
250 u s ----------------
3
3 Maximum Power Meter Read-
ing vs Square and Sine
Wave Frequency ----------
4
Source Impedance Shunting
One RF Thermistor
Mount ------ -------------
5
Schematic Diagram of a
Model 478A Thermistor
Mount when Connected to
a 431 Power Meter --------
6
Schematic
Model 478A Thermistor
Mount when Connected to
a 4,82 Power Meter ----
7
Check on Model 478A
Thermistor Resistance
Match
8
9
Thermistor Compensation --Model 478A Thermistor
Mount Assembly ----------
10
HP Model 478A Printed
Circuit A
LIST OF TALBLES
-- - ---------
Diagram of a
------- ------ -
SSy Wiring -----
-------
Page
8-2
8-4
8-8
Page
8-3
8-3
8-3
8-4
8-5
---
8-7
8-7
8-8
8-9
8-10
v
Section I
Model 432A
Figure 1-1. HP Model 432A POWER METER
vi
Model 432ASection I
SECTION I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1-1. DESCRIPTION.
1-2. The Hewlett-Packard Model 432A Power Meter,
with HPtemperature -compensated thermistor mounts,
measures RF power from 10 microwatt (-20 dBm)
to 10 milliwatts (+10dBm) full scale with 1% of full
scale accuracy from 10 MHz to 40 GHz. With a selector switch, the instrument normalizes the power
meter reading to compensate for the Calibration Factor
of a thermistor mount used for a given measurement.
For portable operation, Option 01 instruments have a
rechargeable nickel-cadmium battery. See Table 1-1
for complete specifications.
1-5. INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION.
1-6. Hewlett-Packard instruments are identified by
an 8-digit serial number. The first three digits are
the Serial Prefix. To properly match a manual with
the instrument to which it applies, the prefix on the
instrument must be the same as the pref ix at the front
of the manual. If the numbers are different, information is supplied either onyellow Manual Change
Supplements, or in an Appendix in the Manual. If the
change information is missing, contact your HP Sales
Office (Sales Offices are listed at the b a c k of the
Manual).
1-3. The Model 432A has provision for dc substitution
measurements and for power meter calibration. An
output is provided for recorders or digital voltmeter
readout.
1-4. Accessories, Two accessories are supplied with
the Model 432A Power Meter: a 7. 5-foot (2290 mm)
detachable power cable and a 5-foot ( 1520 mm) cable
that connects the thermistor mount to the meter. Ther mister mounts are available but not supplied with the
power meter (refer to Table 1-2). Table 1-1 lists
those accessories supplied and also those available.Figure 1-2. Instrument Identification
Table 1-1. Specifications
Instrument Type: Automatic, self -balancing power
Zero Carryover: Less than +0.5% of f u 11 scale
meterforuse with temperature -compensated ther -when zeroed on most sensitive range.
mister mount.
Power Range: 7 ranges with full-scale readings of
Fine Zero: Automatic, operated by toggle switch.
10, 30, 100, and 300 µW, 1, 3 and 10 mW; also
calibrated in dBm from -20 dBm to +10 dBm full
Recorder Output: 1.000 volt into open circuit cor scale in 5-dB steps.responds to full-scale meter deflection (1. O on
RFI: Meets all conditions specified in MIL-I-6181D.
realizes meter reading to account for thermistor
mount Calibration Factor.Power: 115 or 230 Vac ±10%, 50 to 400 Hz, 2-1/2
Range: 100% to 88% in l% steps.
watts. Optional rechargeable battery provides up
to 20 hours continuous operation. Automatic bat-
Thermistor Mount: External temperature -compen -tery recharge.
sated thermistor mounts required for operation
(see Table 1-2).
Weight: Net 6-1/2lb(3kg), shipping 9-1/4lb(4,2kg).
Meter: Taut -band suspension, individually com-
puter-calibrated, mirror-backed scales. Mini -Weight with Optional Battery Pack: Net 9-1/4 lb
watt scale more than 4-1 4 inches (108 mm) long.
(4,2 kg), shipping 12 lb (5,5 kg).
1-1
Section IModel 432A
Table 1-1.
1-2
Table 1-2.
Model 432A
Section II
Installation
SECTION II
INSTALLATION
2-1. INITIAL INSPECTION.
MECHANICAL CHECK.
2-2.
2-3. If damage to the shipping carton is evident, ask
that the carrier’s agent be present when the instrument
is unpacked. Inspect the instrument for mechanical
damage. Also check the cushioning material for signs
of severe stress.
2-4. PERFORMANCE CHECKS.
2-5. The electrical performance of the Model 432A
should be verified upon receipt. Performance checks
suitable for incoming inspection are given in Section V,
Maintenance.
2-6. DAMAGE CLAIMS.
2-7. If t h e instrument is mechanically damaged in
transit, notify the carrier and the nearest HewlettPackard field off ice immediately. A list of field offices
is at the back of this manual. Retain the shipping carton and padding material for the carrier’s inspection.
The field off ice will arrange for replacement or repair
of your instrument without waiting for claim settlements against the carrier,
2-8. Before shipment this instrument was inspected
and found free of mechanical and electrical defects.
If there is any def iciency, or if electrical performance
is not within specifications, notify your nearest Hewlett -Packard Sales and Service Off ice.
2-9. THREE-CONDUCTOR POWER CABLE.
To protect operating personnel, t h e National
2-10.
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NE MA) recommends that the instrument panel and cab in et be
grounded.
All Hewlett-Packard instruments are
equipped with a three-conductor power cable which,
when plugged into an appropriate receptacle, grounds
the instrument.
The off set pin on the power cable
three-prong connector is the ground wire.
2-11. To preserve the protection feature when oper-
ating the instrument from a two-connector outlet, use
a three-prong to two-prong adapter and connect the
green pigtail on the adapter to ground.
2-12. PRIMARY POWER REQUIREMENTS.
The Model 432A operates from 115 or 230 volts
2-13.
ac line voltage.
Line frequency may vary from 50 to
400 Hz. A slide switch on the rear panel is moved to
the correct position for the I in e voltage available.
Before operating the equipment, ensure that the fuse
installed in the instrument corresponds to the value
marked on the panel for the line voltage available ( 1/8
amp slow-blow).
2-14. INTERNAL BATTERY OPERATION.
Model 432A Option 01 instruments contain an
2-15.
internal battery and a battery charging assembly. By
connecting the 432A to an ac source, the battery may
be charged overnight. The battery can be maintained
in the charging state indefinitely without damage. It
will assume its full capacity, 1.25 ampere -hours, and
will not charge in excess of that. This enables the
instrument to operate for approximately 20 hours continuously without recharging.
2-16. BATTERY INSTALLATION.
a. Set power switch to off and remove power plug
from rear panel,
b. Remove top and bottom, and s i d e instrument
covers.
c. The battery is installed with the terminals toward
the right hand side of the instrument when faced from
the front. The two terminals on the battery fit into
spaces provided on the circuit board.
d. Using the retaining nuts, fasten the battery firmly
in place. Be careful not to short the battery terminals
at any time as this may cause battery cell damage.
e. Install Assembly A7, battery charging board, in
the space provided for it just ahead of the battery.
f. Reinstall instrument covers and adjust circuit.
Instrument is now ready for operation.
2-17. BATTERY STORAGE.
2-18. Store the battery at or below room temperature.
Extended storage at high temperature will reduce the
cell charge, but will not damage the battery if t h e
storage temperature is below 140” F. Install the battery in the instrument and recharge before using
Model 432A in battery operation.
2-19. RACK MOUNTING.
Model 432A is narrower than full-rack width.
2-20.
It is what is termed a sub-modular unit. When used
alone, the instrument can be bench mounted. When
used in combination with other sub-modular units it
may be bench or rack mounted. The HP 1051A and
1052A Combining Cases and Rack Adapter Frames are
designed specifically for this purpose.
2-21. COMBINING CASE.
2-22. A model 1051A Combining Case is shown in
Figure 2-1. This case is full rack width and accepts
varying combinations of submodular instruments. The
case, purchased separately, is provided with a rack
mount ing kit.
The combining case will hold three
2-1
Section II
Installation
Model 432A
instruments the same size as the Model 432A. When
instruments are installed in the combining case, they
may be installed or removed individually.
2-23. ADAPTER FRAMES.
2-24. The 5060-0797 Adapter Frame is shown in Figure 2-2. The frame will accept a variety of submod ular units in a manner suitable for rack mounting.
Submodular units, in combination with anv necessarv
spacers are assembled within the frame.
A submod-
ular unit cannot be removed individually.
2-25. REPACKING FOR SHIPMENT.
Figure 2-1.
Sub -module Installation in
Rack Adapter Frame
2-26. When returning an instrument
Packard use the original packing material.
to HewlettIf the orig -
inal foam type packing material is not available, contact an authorized HP Sales Office for assistance. If
this is not possible, first protect the instrument surfaces by wrapping in heavy kraft paper or with sheets
of cardboard flat against the instrument, Protect the
instrument on all s i d e s using approximately 4“ of
packing material and pack in a durable container. Mark
the container clearly for proper handling and insure
adequately before shipping.
2-27. When an instrument is returned to HP for ser-
vice or repair, attach atagtothe instrument specifying
the owner and desired action. All correspondence
should identify the instrument by model number and
full eight -digit serial number.
2-2
Figure 2-2. HP Model 1051A Combining Case Instrument Installation
Model 432A
Operating Instructions
Section III
SECTION Ill
OPERATING INFORMATION
3-1. INTRODUCTION.
3-2. The Model 432A Power Meter operates with HP
temperature-compensated thermistor mounts such as
the 8478B and 478A Coaxial, and 486A Waveguide
series. The frequency range of the 432A with these
mounts in 50-ohm coaxial systems is 10 MHz to 18 GHz;
in waveguide systems it is 2.6 GHz to 40 GHz. Fullscale power ranges are 10 microwatts to 10milliwatts
(-20 dBm to +10dBm). Extended measurements may
be made to 1 microwatt (-30 dBm). The total meas-
urement capacity of the instrument is divided into
seven ranges, selected by a f rent-panel RANGE switch.
3-3. This section describes general operating pro-
cedures and error analysis in microwave power messurement. Application Note 64, available on request
from Hewlett-Packard, is a detailed analysis of microwave power measurement problems and techniques.
3-4. CONTROLS, CONNECTORS, AND
INDICATORS.
3-5. The front and rear panel controls, connectors,
and indicators are explained in Figure 3-2. The des-
c riptions are keyed to the corresponding items which
are indicated on the figure.
3-6, The COARSE ZERO and FINE ZERO controls
zero the meter. Zero carry-over from the most sen-
sitive range to the other six ranges is within ± 0.5%.
When the RANGE switch is set to COARSE ZERO, the
meter indicates thermistor bridge unbalance, and the
front panel COARSE ZERO adjust is for initial bridge
balance. For best results, FINE ZERO the 432A on
the particular meter range in use.
3-7. The CALIBRATION FACTOR switch provides
discrete amounts of compensation for measurement
uncertainties related to SWR and thermistor mount
efficiency. The Calibration Factor value permits direct meter reading of the RF power delivered to an
impedance equal to the characteristic impedance (Z
of the transmission line between the thermistor mount
and the RF source. Calibration Factor values a r e
marked on the label of each 8478B, 478A, or 486A
Thermistor Mount.
For further details, see Para-
graph 3-23.
3-8. The MOUNT RESISTANCE switch on the front
panel compensates f o r t h r e e types of thermistor
mounts. Model 486A waveguide mounts can be used
by setting the MOUNT RESISTANCE switch to
100Ω
or 200Ω, depending on the thermistor mount used
(refer to Table 1-2). The
200Ω position is used with
Models 478A and 8478B Thermistor Mounts.
3-9. The rear-panel BNC connector lab e 1 ed RE-
CORDER provides an output voltage linearly propor tional to the meter current; 1 volt into an open cir-
cuit equals full- scale meter deflection. This voltage
is developed across a lK resistor; therefore, when
a recorder with a lK input impedance is connected to
the RECORDER output, approximately .5 volts will
equal full scale deflection. This loading of the RE-
CORDER output has no effect on the accuracy of the
432A panel meter.
3-10. A digital voltmeter can be connected to the rearpanel RECORDER output for more resolution of power
meter readings. When a voltmeter with input impedance greater than 1 megohm is connected to the RE-
CORDER output, 1 volt equals full scale deflection.
3-11. The 432A has two calibration jacks (V
vcomp) on the rear panel that can be used for precision power measurements.
Instrument error can
be reduced from ±1% ±(0.2% of reading +5µW) of
reading, depending on the care taken in measure-
and on the accuracy of auxiliary equipment.
ment,
For further information, see Paragraph 3-27.
3-12. BATTERY OPERATION,
3-13. The Model 432A Option 01 operates from battery
and conventional 115- or 230-volt line power. A rechargeable Nickel-Cadmium b a t t e r y is factoryinstalled in Option 01 instruments. The same battery
can be ordered and later installed in the basic instrument, thereby modifying the power meter to the Option
01 configuration. The battery installation kit (including
battery charging circuit ) may be ordered from the
nearest HP Sales Office.
3-14. It is recommended that the Model 432A be bat-
tery -operated for up to 8 hours, and then allowed to
recharge 8 hours, or overnight.Continuous battery
operation is possible for up to about 24 hours, but then
)
o
the battery must be recharged f o r about 24 hours.
3-15. The 432A automatically operates on its internal
batteries whenever the ac line power is disconnected
and the POWER switch is ON. When the battery ter-
minal voltage decreases far enough to f orce the power
supply voltage regulator out of regulation, then the
meter stops working and the meter indicator points to
the red RECHG BAT. To recharge the battery, simply
connect the 432A to ac line power, and turn it ON.
3-16. Battery Storage. Storage of the battery at or
below room temperature is best, Extended storage
at temperatures above room temperature will reduce
cell charge, but will not damage the battery; however,
the battery should not be stored where the tempera-
ture exceeds 60” C (+140° F).
RF and
3-1
Section III
Operating Instructions
Model 432A
3-17. MICROWAVE POWER MEASUREMENT
ACCURACY.
3-18. A number of factors affect the overall accuracy
of power measurement.
The major sources of error
are mismatch error, RF losses, and instrumentation
error.
3-19. Mismatch Error.
In a practical measurement
situation, both the source and thermistor mount have
SWR, and the source is seldom matched to the ther mister mount unless a tuner is used. The amount of
mismatch loss in any measurement depends on the total
SWR present.
The impedance that the source sees is
determined by the acutal thermistor mount impedance,
the electrical length of the line, and the characteristic
impedance of the line, Z
.
o
3-20. In general, neither the source nor the thermistor mount has Z
are known only as reflection coefficients, mismatch
impedance, and the actual impedances
O
losses, or SWR. The power delivered to the thermis-
tor mount - and hence the mismatch loss - can only be
described as being somewhere between t w o limits.
The uncertainty of power measurement due to mismatch
loss increases with SWR. Limits of mismatch loss
are generally determined by means of a chart such as
the Mismatch Loss Limits charts in Application Note
64. The total mismatch 1 oss uncertainty in power
measurement is determined by algebraically adding
the thermistor mount losses to the uncertainty caused
by source and thermistor mount 2
3-21. RF Losses.
RF losses account for the power
match.
0
entering the thermistor mount but not dissipated in the
detection thermistor element.
Such losses may be in
the walls of a waveguide mount, the center conductor
of a coaxial mount, capacitor dielectric, poor connections within the mount, or due to radiation.
a load impedance equal to Z
relationship between indicated power and the power
, More accurately, the
o
available to a Z. load is given by the following equation:
Calibration factor d o e s not compensate for source
VSWR, or for multiple reflections between the source
and the thermistor mount.
3-26. To minimize mismatch between the source and
the thermistor mount without a tuner, insert a low
SWR precision attenuator in the transmission line between the thermistor mount and the source. Since the
mount impedance (and corresponding SWR) deviates
significnatly only at the high and low ends of a microwave band, it is generally unnecessary to use a tuner.
A tuner or other effective means of reducing mismatch
error is recommended when the source SWR is high
or when more accuracy is required. For further details, there is a complete discussion of microwave
power measurement with emphasis on modern techniques, accuracy considerations and sources of error
available in Application Note 64.
3-27. PRECISION POWER
MEASUREMENT.
3-22. Instrumentation Error. The degree of inability
of the instrument to measure the substitution power
supplied to the thermistor mount is called power meter
accuracy or instrumentation error. Instrumentation
error of the Model 432A is ±1% of full scale, O“C to
+55°c.
3-23. CALIBRATION FACTOR AND EFFECTIVE
EFFICIENCY.
3-24. Calibration factor and effective efficiency are
correction factors for improving power measurement
accuracy. Both factors are marked on every HP ther -
mister mount. Calibration factor compensates f o r
thermistor mount VSWR and RF losses whenever the
thermistor mount is connected to an RF source without
a tuner. Effective efficiency compensates for ther -
mister mount RF losses when a tuner is used in the
measurement system.
3-25. When the 432A CALIBRATION FACTOR selec tor is set to the appropriate factor indicated on the
thermistor mount, the power indicated by the meter
is the power that would be delivered by the source to
3-2
3-28. GENERAL.
3-29. Using precision instruments and careful procedures, measurement error can be reduced to ±0.2%
of reading +0.5 µW. The technique involves: 1) zero-
ing the bridge circuits and measuring the bridge amplifier output voltage difference with a digital voltmeter, then 2) connecting RF power to the thermistor
mount and then measuring the bridge amplifier output
voltage difference again, and 3) calculating the power
from ‘the two measurements. Figure 3-1 shows the
instrument setup for dc substitution measurement.
Use an HP Model 3440A DVM, with a 3443A Plug-in
Unit or a digital voltmeter with equivalent accuracy,
3-30. MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE.
a. Connect the DVM to the 432A rear panel Vcomp
and V
RF outputs.
Be sure that the digital voltmeter
input is isolated from chasses ground,
b. Turn off, or disconnect the RF power from the
thermistor mount.
Model 432A
Section III
e. Release the FINE ZERO toggle, and turn on, or
reconnect the RF power to the thermistor ,mount.
Figure 3-1.
Precision Power Measurements
3-3
Section III
General Information
Model 432A
3-4
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Controls, Connectors and Indicators (Sheet 1 of 2)
Model 432A
Operating Information
Section III
1.
POWER. Instrument power ON/OFF switch;
connects either ac line voltage or internal bat-sion so that meter indicates zero. To adjust
tery (Option 01 only) to internal voltage regu -the zero:
later circuits. When ac power is on, optional
battery charging circuit operates.
2.
COARSE ZERO. Meter zero adjustment; setthe indicator falls below zero and comes
the RANGE selector to COARSE ZERO, turnback up to zero again.
OFF the RF power, and adjust to zero the meter.
3.
RANGE. Power measurement range selector;
selects ranges from 0.01 to 10 milliwatts (-20
to +10dBm). COARSE ZERO setting is used
to zero meter with no power applied to ther -
mistor mount.
4.FINE ZERO.Electronic zero that balances
the compensation bridge with zero RF input.
To zero m e t e r during operation, close the
switch momentarily.
is not applied to the thermistor mount when the
FINE ZERO switch is depressed.
5.
Meter.
mount in milliwatts and dBm. To use the dBm
scale, note the value in dBm of the range in
use, and subtract from it the reading on thenectorfor 5-1/2 foot cable that connects to the
meter dBm scale.
Indicates power input to thermistormeter.
Be sure that RF power
6. Mechanical Meter Zero. Sets meter suspen-
a. Turn POWER switch off.
b. Turn the adjustment screw clockwise until
c. Turn the adjustment very slightly counter-
clockwise to free up tbe mechanism from
the adjusting peg.
CALIBRATION FACTOR. Amplifier gain com-
7.
pensation selector. Set to correspond to the
calibration factor printed on t h e thermistor
mount body. See Paragraph 3-23 for m o r e
information.
8.
MOUNT RESISTANCE. Se1ects resistance
equal to that of mount in use to balance bridges.
Table 1-2 lists Hewlett-Packard thermistor
mounts and resistances. Set with meter power
OFF, when mount is initially connected to the
9.
Thermistor Mount Cable Connector. Input con478A, 8478B, or 486A Thermistor Mounts.
Figure 3-2. Front Panel Controls, Connectors and Indicators (Sheet 2 of 2)
3-5
Section III
Operating Information
Model 432A
3-6
Figure 3-3. Rear Panel Controls and Connectors (Sheet 1 of 2)
Model 432A
Operating Information
Section III
1,
Line Fuse. For 115 Vac or for 230 Vac use
1/8 amp slow-blow fuse.
2.Power Cord Input. Use power cord provided,
HP 8120 -00?8. Line power limits are 115/230
Vat, 50-400 Hz. Check FUSE rating and
PO-
sition of line voltage slide switch before connetting power.
Line Voltage Slide Switch: Set to line voltage
3.
avallable (115 or 230 Vat, 50-400 Hz).
4.
Mounting Hole for Option 02 Model Power
Meters.
Thermistor mount cable connectormeter. Output impedance is approx.
installed and wired in parallel with f rent-panel
connector. Only one mount at a time may be
used with the power meter.
VRF Input. Connected directly to RF bridge.
5.
Used for calibrating power meter with HP 8477A
Power Meter Calibrator. Also used for precision power measurements.
VCOMP Input. Connected directly to compen-
6.
sation bridge. Used for calibrating power meter
with HP 8477A Power Meter Calibrator. Also
used for precision power measurements.
RECORDER OUTPUT. Voltage f r o m meter
7.
circuit to be used for recorder or digital volt-
1000Ω.
Figure 3-3. Rear Panel Controls and Connectors (Sheet 2 of 2)
3-7
Section III
Operating Information
Model 432A
3-8
Figure 3-4. Turn On and Zeroing Procedure (Sheet 1 of 2)
Model 432A
Operating Information
1. Connect the thermistor mount and cable to5. Set the RANGE selector to COARSE ZERO and
THERMISTOR MOUNT connector. Refer tothen zero the meter with the COARSE ZERO
Table 1-2 for recommended thermistor mountsscrewdriver adjustment.
and their frequency ranges.
Note
2.
Meter Mechanical Zero:
a. With the instrument turned off, rotate the
meter adjustment screw clockwise until the
pointer approaches the zero mark from the
left.
b. Continue the clockwise rotation until the
The power meter should be zeroed with the
RF power source turned off, or the mount
disconnected from the source.
6. Set the range selector to the 0.01 mW range;
then depress the FINE ZERO switch until the
meter indicates zero.
pointer coincides with the zero mark. If
the pointer overshoots, continue rotating
the adjustment screw clockwise until the
pointer once again approaches the zero mark
Range-to-range zero carryover is 1 ess
Note
from the left.than ±0.5% if the meter zero has been ad-
C. Rotate the adjustment screw about three de-
grees counterclockwise to disengage screw
adjustment from the meter suspension.
justed (step 2 above), and the instrument
has been properly zero-set on the sensi -
tive range. For maximum accuracy, zero-
set the power meter on the range to be
used.
3.
Set the MOUNT RES switch to correspond to
the operating resistance of thermistor mount
used.
4,
Turn the 432A POWER switch ON. For battery
operation, the AC LINE indicator does not turn
on.
Set CALIB FACTOR switch to correspond to
7.
Calibration Factor imprinted on HP thermistor
mount label.
8.
Apply RF power to the thermistor mount. Power
is indicated on the meter directly in mW or dBm.
Section III
Figure 3-4. Turn On and Zeroing Procedure
3-9
4-0
Section IV
Principles of Operation
Figure 4-1.
Model 432A
Model 432A
Principles of Operation
Section IV
SECTION IV
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
4-1. SIMPLIFIED DESCRIPTION
4-2. The HP 432A Power Meter consists of two major
sections:
the bridge and meter logic assemblies, The
instrument also contains an auto zero circuit which
provides for automatic zeroing on any range. A simplified Mock diagram of the HP 432A is shown in
Figure 4-1.
4-3. The bridge section contains circuits which form
two self-balancing bridge circuits when a suitable
thermistor mount is connected to the 432A. Each
bridge is automatically brought to balance by the
action of a high gain dc amplifier feeding power to the
top of the bridge, The voltage at the top of the RF
bridge V
RF is responsive to both input RF power and
ambient temperature changes.. The voltage at the top
of the compensation bridge, V
only to ambient temperature changes. Knowing V
COMP is responsive
RF
and VCOMP, the RFpower can be calculated.
4-4. The meter logic section processes V
V
COMP to produce a meter current proportional to
RF power.The sum (V
RF + VCOMP) controls the
width of 5 kHz pulses. The difference (V
RF and
COMP - VRF)
is chopped, amplified and fed to an electronic switch
actuated by the controlled width pulses. Therefore,
the meter current is pulses of variable height and
width with the meter indicating the average current.
(This process produces a meter current proportional
to (V
RF + VCOMP) (VRF - VCOMP ). Paragraph 4-10
explains why this is necessary.
4-8. If ambient temperature causes changes in the
thermistor resistance, the bridge circuits respond by
applying an error voltage to the bridges to maintain
bridge balance.
The voltage at the top of the RF
bridge is dependent upon both ambient temperature
and the RF input. The voltage at the top of the compensation bridge is dependent upon the ambient temperature only. The power meter reading is brought to
zero with no applied RF power by making V
COMP
equal to VRF so (VCOMP - VRF) equals zero. Since
ambient temperature causes both thermistors to respond similarly, there will be no net difference between the amplifier output voltages. Therefore, any
difference in output voltages from the bridges is now
due to RF power absorbed by the thermistor mount.
4-9. The RF bridge voltage, V
tion bridge voltage, V
COMP, contain the “RF power”
RF, and the compensa-
information. To provide a meter reading proportional
to RF power the dc voltages (V
RF, VCOMP) must be
further processed by the meter logic circuits.
4-10. The required processing is derived as follows:
P. is absorbed power needed by the RF thermistor
to bring its resistance to R ohms (100 or 200 ohms).
P. consists of two components: RF power from the
signal source to be measured and dc power supplied
by the 432A. The self balancing action of the bridge
circuit automatically adjusts the dc power so that the
4-5. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
4-6. A functional block of the 432A power meter is
shown in Figure 4-2. The instrument comprises two
major assemblies: bridge assembly Al and meter
logic assembly A2.
Auto zero circuit Al Al, which
provides for automatic zeroing of the instruemtn, is
included as part of logic assembly Al.
4-7. The thermistor bridges are biased with direct
current from the bridge amplifiers.
Each bridge
amplifier supplies enough heating current to br ing the
thermistor resistance to 100 or 200 ohms, depending
upon the setting of the MOUNT RESISTANCE switch
on the 432A. If one of the thermistor bridges is unbalanced due to incorrect thermistor resistance, an
error voltage occurs and is amplified by the bridge
amplifier. The error voltage is applied to the top of
the bridge and changes the power dissipation of the
negative temperature coefficient thermistor.
The
change of power dissipation causes the resistance to
the thermistor to change in the direction required to
balance the bridge. Application of RF power to the
RF bridge heats the thermistor and lowers its resis-
tance. The bridge circuit responds by reducing the
dc voltage applied to the top of the bridge thus main-
taining bridge balance.
4-11. RFpower can redetermined by measuring VRF
with and without applied RF power and then doing
some arithmetic. But this power measuring scheme
is neither convenient nor temperature compensated
(since P. changes with temperature). The 432A introduces another thermistor bridge circuit exposed
to the same ambient temperature but not RF power.
This circuit includes adjustments (COARSE and FINE
ZERO) so that the dc voltage V
bridge can be set equal to V
RF and compensation thermistors, V
power) and V
erature fluctuation.
COMP remain equal with ambient temp-
They cliff er only when the RF
COMP at the top of its
RF. Assuming matched
RF
(with no RF
O
power to be measured is applied to the RF thermistor.
Thus, we have
4-1
Section IV
Principles of Operation
Combining equations, we have
4-12. Thus an RF power measurement reduces to
setting V
COMP = V RF
measuring V
COMP and VRF, and computing with the
(with zero RF power) initially,
O
above formula. The 432A carries out the computation
by forming the indicated sum and difference, perform-
ing the multiplication and displaying the result on a
meter.
4-13. The meter logic circuits change the two dc
voltages to two pulse signals which contain all the RF
power information. One of the signals will be a square
wave whose amplitude is proportional to V
RF.The other signal will have a pulse width pro-
V
portional to V
4-14. The V
-
COMP
= VRF .
COMP-VRF signal is obtained by taking
COMP -
the dc voltage outputs from the Al assembly and applying them to a chopper circuit. This chopper cir-
cuit is driven by a 5-kHz multivibrator. The output
of the chopper is a square wave signal whose amplitude is proportional to V
COMP - VRF. The output of
the chopper is coupled to the range amplifier and then
to the calibration factor amplifier. The amplification
that the signal receives in these two amplifiers depends upon the setting of the RANGE switch and the
CALIBRATION FACTOR switch.
The output of the
calibration factor amplifier is V. This current is fed
to the electronic switch. A square wave current with
amplitude proportional to (V
COMP - VRF).
Model 432A
4-15. The V
COMP + VRF signal is obtained by taking
the two dc voltages from Al assembly through a summing circuit and feeding this voltage to a voltage-totime converter.
The voltage-to-time converter is
driven by a 5-kHz multivibrator. The output of the
voltage-to-time converter is a signal whose pulse
width is proportional to the sum of V
COMP + VRF.
This signal controls the electronic switch. From the
COMP - VRF and V COMP + VRF inputs, the elec-
V
tronic switch provides a 5-kHz pulse train whose amp-
litude is proportional to V
width is proportional to V
COMP-VRF and whose pulse
COMP + VRF. The pulse
width is always 90 msec or less.
4-16. The bias circuit switch and filter provides a
zero current reference for the meter circuit. This is
accomplished by controlling the dc bias to the first
stage of the calibration factor amplifier. This circuit,
in effect, restores the dc component to the square wave
which has been amplified by ac coupled amplifiers.
4-17. The meter is 0-1 mA, full-scale meter that
has a capacitor across its terminals. The capacitor
integrates the output pulses from the current switch
so the current into the meter is proportional to the
time average of the input pulses. That is, the input
current to the meter is proportional to the product of
4-18. The output from the meter is further filtered so
the voltage at the rear panel RECORDER output is
suitable for use with either a digital voltmeter or X-Y
recorder. The RECORDER output voltage is returned
to the compensation bridge through the automatic zero
circuit when the FINE ZERO switch is depressed.
The automatic zero circuit holds a correction voltage
at the input of the compensation bridge amplifier, so
when the RF is zero, the meter indication will also
be zero.
4-2
Model 432A
4-3
Principles of Operation
Section IV
Figure 4-2.
4-4
Section IV
Principles of Operation
Figure 4-3.
Model 432A
Model 432A
4-5
Figure 4-3.
Principles of Operation
Section
IV
4-6
Section IV
Principles of Operation
Figure 4-4.
Model 432A
Model 432A
4-7
Principles of Operation
Section IV
Figure 4-4.
4-8
Section IV
Principles of Operation
Figure 4-5.
Model 432A
Model 432A
4-9
Principles of Operation
Section IV
Figure 4-5.
Section V
Maintenance
Model 432A
Table 5-1.
5-0
Figure 5-2
Model 432A
SECTION V
MAINTENANCE
5-1. INTRODUCTION.
5-2. This section provides information for perfor mance testing, adjusting, troubleshooting and repairing
the 432A Power Meter.
instrument to be checked for conformance to specifications. If performance is not within specifications,
adjust or troubleshoot the instrument.
5-3. CONTENT.
5-4. PERFORMANCE TESTS .
5-5. The procedures test power meter performance
for incoming inspection, periodic evaluation, calibration and troubleshooting, Specifications in Table 1-1
are the performance standards. If the power meter
fails to meet any of the performance test specifications. refer to the troubleshooting diagrams.
Performance tests allow the
Section V
Maintenance
Figure 5-1. Check and Adjustment Test Set -up
5-6. ADJUSTMENTS
5-7. Procedures describe the adjustments necessary
to calibrate the power meter. Adjust the power meter
only when it is determined that the meter is out of
adjustment, and not malfunctioning due to a circuit
failure.
5-8. To avoid errors due to possible ground loop currents, isolate the power meter from ground used for
other auxiliary equipment. A power plug adapter that
removes the ground connection at the line outlet can
be used to isolate the power meter.
5-9. Several circuit components are factory-selected
to meet specific circuit requirements. The factory
selected parts are indicated on the schematic diagrams.
5-10. TEST EQUIPMENT.
5-11. Instruments and accessories required for ad-
justing and testing the power meter are listed and
briefly described in Table 5-1. Instruments used to
maintain the instrument must m e e t or exceed the
specifications given.
5-12. SERVICE INFORMATION.
5-13. Service information in the f o r m of troubleshooting, waveforms, schematics, and component 10cations are given in Section VII. Also, an overall system block diagram is included which contains keyed
numbers corresponding to the test points.
5-14. 432A
PERFORMANCE TESTS
WITH 8477A CALIBRATOR
5-15.
INITIAL SET-UP.
a. Connect the 8477A outputs to the 432A inputs as
shown in Figure 5-1. Use appropriate test equipment
as listed in Table 5-1.
b. If necessary, mechanically zero the meter move-
ment as follows:
(1) With instrument turned off, rotate meter adjust-
ment screw clockwise until pointer approaches
zero mark from the left.
(2) Continue rotating clockwise until pointer coin-
cides with zero mark. If pointer overshoots,
continue rotating adjustment screw clockwise
until pointer once again approaches zero mark
from the left.
(3) Rotate adjustment screw about three degrees
counterclockwise to disengage screw adjustment
from meter suspension.
g. Repeat steps d through f for each of the other
ranges. Set the power meter range selector to the
position indicated in Column 1 of Table 5-2, and set
the 8477A meter reading selector to the corresponding
position indicated in Column 2 of Table 5-2. In each
case, the meter indications should correspond to those
shown in Table 5-2, Columns 3 and 4.
Table 5-2. Meter Accuracy Test
±2 mV indi -
.. 0.01mW
TEST
. . . . .
f. Repeat steps d and e for each position of the
CALIBRATION FACTOR selector. In each case, the
digital voltmeter should indicate the voltage shown in
the second column of Table 5-3 for the CALIBRATION
FACTOR shown in the first column.
1) Set the RANGE selector maximum cw to
COARSE ZERO.
2) Set the COARSE ZERO screwdriver adjust so
that the meter indicates zero.
3) Set 432 ARANGE switch to .01 mW. Depress
the FINE ZERO switch. The meter indication
should to to zero without overshoot.
g. Rotate the RANGE switch clockwise, one step at
a time, while the oscilloscope is sweeping. On each
432 A range, the scope trace should be within .0lmW
divisions (±5 mV) from where it was on the .01 mWrange,
5-20. FINE ZERO RANGE CHECK.
a. Set the 432A RANGE selector to 0.3 mW. Leave
the thermistor mount connected to the cable, and the
MOUNT RESISTANCE selector set to correspond to
the resistance of the mount used.
b. Depress the FINE ZERO switch.
c. Slowly turn the COARSE ZERO screwdriver adjustment counterclockwise until the meter will no
longer zero. The FINE zero circuit is at one end of
its range.
d. Release FINE ZERO.
e. Set the COARSE ZERO screwdriver adjustment
so that the meter indicates full scale on the 0-3 scale
(0.3 ‘mW range).
Section V
Maintenance
f. Depress FINE ZERO switch (the fine zero circuit
is at the other end of its range). Meter should indicate
below 2 on the 0-3 scale. Record the indication.
g. Release FINE ZERO.
h. Rotate RANGE switch to COARSE ZERO position.
The fine zero circuit is now in the center of its range.
The meter reading should be (1.5 + reading of +1/2 of
reading in step f, ±0.1 on the 0-3 scale.
5-21. 432A CALIBRATION WITHOUT 8477A
CALIBRATOR
5-22. The 432A Power Meter can be calibrated without an 8477A Calibrator using a method similar to the
precision power method outlined in Paragraph 3-27.
5-23. A major difference between the two measurements is that external power need not be applied when
calibrating the instrument. Normally, in a stable environment, the V
output voltage remains con-
COMP
stant, not being affected by external RF power; only
the V
RF output varies during power measurement.
Since the power that the meter indicates is proportional to V
to indicate a power also by holding V
varying V
COMP and VRF, we can cause the meter
RF constant and
COMP. This is easily done on the 432A by
turning the COARSE ZERO control. Two calibration
procedures are given below.
5-24. CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 1.
a. Connect thermistor mount to power meter; let
instrument warm up for at least 10 minutes.
b. Select range which instrument is to be calibrated
on. Note: ranges below 0.3 mW require a precise
differential voltmeter capable of resolving 1 µV. The
HP 740B DC Standard/A Voltmeter, which has an accuracy of ±(0.005% of reading ±0.0004%ofrange ±1µV)
is recommended. A digital voltmeter is adequate for
the 1.0 mW and higher ranges.
c. Connect Differential Voltmeter (or DVM differentially) between the V
on the rear panel. See Figure 3-3 for location of V
and VCOMP outputs.
d. While pressing the FINE ZERO switch, measure
and record V
0. (V. is the difference of the bridge
voltages with no power applied. )
e. Turn COARSE ZERO control (on front panel)
clockwise to a convenient power, e.g., 9 on the zero to
10 scale or 2 on the 0 to 3 scale.
f. Differentially measure and record V
difference voltage between V
power applied.
g. Measure and record V
V
COMP jack is isolated from chassis ground; measure
from the center conductor of the BNC to the outer
conductor.
COMP and VRF output jacks
1. V1 is the
COMP and VRF with
COMP. Note that the
5-3
R
F
Model 432A
Section V
Maintenance
INSTRUMENT SERIAL NO.
DATE
TABLE 5-4. PERFORMANCE TEST CARD
Data in this test card corresponds to Performance Tests in
Paragraphs 5-16 through 5-20.
5-5
Section V
Maintenance
Model 432A
TABLE 5-4. PERFORMANCE TEST CARD
Para.Measurement
Ref.Test
5-16
e
f
METER ACCURACY
0.01 mW applied; measure RECORDER OUT voltage
Meter indicates full-scale (0-1 scale)
Unit
mVdc
divisions
Repeat on remaining 432A power ranges:
e
f
e
f
e
f
e
f
e
f
Power applied: 0.03 mW
Meter indication (0-3 scale)
Power applied: 0.1 mW
Meter indication (0-1 scale)
Power applied: 0. 3 mWmVdc938.8958.8
Meter indication (0-3 scale)
Power applied: 1 mW
Meter indication (0-1 scale)
Power applied: 3 mW
Meter indication (0-3 scale)
mVdc
divisions-1/2
m.Vdc9901010
divisions-1/2
divisions-1/2
mVdc
divisions-1/2
mVdc
divisions
Min.
990
-1/2
ActualMax.
1010
+ 1,/2
938.8958.8
+ 1,/2
+1/2
+1/2
990
1010
+ 1/2
938.8958.8
-1/2
+1/2
e
f
5-17
i
Power applied: 10 mW
Meter indication (0-1 scale)
CALIBRATION FACTOR
Calibration Factor (%)
88
89
90
91967
92957
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
DVM Reading (mVdc )
1000
989
9’78
946
935
926
916
907
897
889
880
mVdc
divisions
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
mVdc
990
-1/2
990
1010
+ 1,/2
1010
979999
968
957
947
936
925
916
906
988
977
967
956
945
936
926
897917
887
879
907
899
870890
5-6
Model 432A
Section V
Maintenance
TABLE 5-4. PERFORMANCE TEST CARD
Para.
Ref.
5-18
c
e
g
5-19
d
Test
Unit
METER LINEARITY
1 mW applied, 3 mW scale: meter indicates 1 mWdivisions
2 mW applied, 3 mW scale: meter indicates 2 mWdivisions
3 mW applied, 3 mW scale: meter indicates 3 mWdivisions
Meter indication on 1-3 scale:
Meter indication on 1-3 scale: 1.5+ 1/2 reading
of step f.
divisions
divisions
1.75
2.0
1.5
5-7
Model 432A
h. Calculate the power using the following formula?
where R is the resistance of the thermistor mount and
should be identical to the setting of the MOUNT RESISTANCE switch.
i. If calculated power is different from the value
that was set with the COARSE ZERO control, adjust
A2R6 so that the meter reads calculated power. If the
range of A2R6 is insufficient to set new power, it will
be necessary to change the value of A2R70.
j. Set COARSE ZERO so that meter reads one on
the 0 to 1’scale. Set A2R72 for 1.000 V±10 mV at the
RECORDER output jack on the rear panel.
5-25. There is a simpler form of the equation that
was used to calculate power in step h above. This
form ignores V
tween the two bridges with no power applied. How-
, the small voltage difference be-
o
ever, V. becomes negligible on the higher ranges,
that is, 1 mV and above, and can be ignored with little
decrease in accuracy. I’he simpler form is as follows:
5-26. CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 2.
a. Connect thermistor mount to power meter; let
instrument warm up for at least 10 minutes.
b. Select 1, 3, or 10 mW range.
c. Turn the COARSE ZERO control clockwise to
indicate some convenient on- scale reading.
d. Measure V
COMP and record. Note that VCOMP
jack is isolated from chassis ground; measure from
the center conductor of the BNC to the outer conductor.
e. Measure V
RF and record. Follow measurement
procedure in step d.
f. Measure and record V
COMP - VRF. This term
must be measured differentially, that is, one side of
the DVM connected to V
nected to V
RF. In this way the full resolution of the
COMP and the other side con-
DVM can be used.
g. Substituting the measured values into the above
formula, calculate the power,
h. If calculated power is different from the power
set with the COARSE ZERO control, adjust A2R6 so
that meter indicates that power. If the range of A2R6
is not great enough to set new power level, the value
of A2R70 will have to be changed.
i. Adjust COARSE ZERO so that meter reads 1 on
the O to 1 scale. Set A2R72 for 1.000 V ±10 mV at the
RECORDER output jack on the rear panel.
*This formula is accurate for on- scale readings; how-
ever, with no power applied (i. e., V
solveto P = O because of a deleted term + V
1 = V0) it does not
0. This
term can be neglected for any on-scale reading.
5-8
Section V
Maintenance
COVER REMOVAL AND
5-27.
REPLACEMENT.
The side covers can be removed and replaced
5-28.
independently of the top and bottom covers. Each side
cover is held in place by four screws retained by nuts
which are fastened to the side frames.
5-29. TOP COVER REMOVAL.
a. At the rear of the instrument, remove the screw
that retains the cover.
b. Grasp the cover from the rear, and slide it back
1/2 inch. Then tilt forward edge of the cover upward
and lift the cover from the instrument.
5-30. TOP COVER REPLACEMENT.
a. Rest the cover flat on the cast guides projecting
inward near the top of each side frame.
b. Slide t h e cover forward, allowing its forward
edge to enter the groove in the front panel.
c. Replace the cover retaining screw.
5-31. BOTTOM COVER REMOVAL.
a. Remove the retaining screw at the rear of the
cover.
b. Swing the tilt stand out to free the cover
c. Slide the cover rearward far enough to free the
forward edge.
d. Tilt the forward edge of the cover upward and
lift the cover from the instrument.
5-32. BOTTOM COVER REPLACEMENT.
a. Set the tilt stand out of the way of the cover
b. Rest the bottom cover flat on the cast guides
projecting inward near the bottom of each side frame.
c. Slide the cover forward on the guides so that the
formed portion at the rear of the cover slides over the
two short projections at the rear corner of each side
frame.
d. Replace the retaining screw.
5-33. ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES.
5-34. INITIAL SETUP.
a. Remove the power meter side panels.
b. Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 5-1.
Refer to Table 5-1 for equipment specifications.
5-35. MECHANICAL METER ADJUSTMENT.
a. Whenthe meter is properly zero-set, the pointer
rests over the zero mark on the meter scale when the
instrument is:
(1) at normal operating temperature
(2) in its normal operating position
(3) turned off
Section V
Maintenance
Model 432A
b. Set the pointer as follows to obtain best accuracy
and mechanical stability:
(1) Turn instrument off.
(2) Rotate the meter mechanical adjustment screw
clockwise until the meter pointer is to the left
of zero and moving up the scale toward zero.
Stop when the pointer is exactly over the zero
mark. If the pointer overshoots, repeat step 2.
(3) When the pointer is exactly on zero, rotate the
adjustment screw approximately 3 d e g r e es
counterclockwise.This frees the adjustment
screw from the meter suspension. If the pointer
moves during this step, repeat steps 2 and 3.
5-36. BRIDGE AMPLIFIER TESTS
a. Connect equipment as shown in Figure 5-3.
b. Compensation Bridge.
1. Connect 3440A/3443A between A1TP5 and
A1TP6 (using 10K isolation resistors).
3. Adjust A1R12 (OFFSET ADJUST) for 0.0 ±0.1
mV dc reading on the digital voltmeter.
4. Change 8477A FUNCTION to CHECK. The
digital VM reading should not exceed ±0.4
mVdc.
c . RF BRIDGE
1. Connect DVM between A1TP3 and AlTP4
using 10
the leads.
3. Set 8477A FUNCTION to SET. Adjust A1R15
(OFFSET ADJUST) for DVM reading of 0.0
± 0.1 mVdc.
432A
..200Ω
8477A
κΩ isolation resistors in series with
4. Change 8477A FUNCTION to CHECK. The
reading should not exceed ±0.4 mVdc.
Note: Failure of the instrument to meet the specification of steps (4) of b and c above indicates insufficient
bridge gain. Refer to Table 7-3 or 7-4 in the trouble-
shooting section.
5-37. METER AND RECORDER OUTPUT
CALIBRATION
a. Connect the DVM to the 432A RECORDER output.
b. Set 8477A controls as follows:
e. ZERO/TEST on 8477A to TEST
f. Adjust A2R6 in 432A for 432A meter reading of
1.0 mW ±.01 mW.
g. Adjust A2R74 in 432A for DVM reading of 1.0V
±.001V
h.
Change the following settings:
432A RANGE to 10 mW
8477A POWER (mW) to 10 mW and ZERO/
TEST to ZERO.
Note: When switching 432A to 10 mW or switching from 10 mW to any other range, the meter
will react slowly for a short period. This is due
to time constants in the instrument and is normal.
i.
Zero instrument as in step d and c.
200Ω
.200Ω
100%
Figure 5-3. Bridge Amplifier Test
Adjust A2R86 for DVM reading of 1.00 ±.00 IV.
j.
Return 432A RANGE and 8477A POWER switches
k.
to 1 mW and zero as before.
1. Adjust A2R6 for DVM reading of 1.000 ±.00 1V.
m. Perform the adjustments of steps h through 1
again until 432A reads 1 ±.010V (at recorder output)
on both 1 mW and 10 mW ranges.
n. Turn to the beginning of this section; verify that
the instrument meets its specifications by completing
the PERFORMANCE TESTS.
5-38. BATTERY CHARGER ADJUSTMENT
(OPTION 01 ONLY)
a.b.Remove the power meter top panel.
Connect 432A to ac line power and turn ON.
5-9
Model 432A
c. Set A7R8 fully clockwise for maximum battery
charge rate.
d. With the digital voltmeter, measure the voltage
between A7TP1 and A7TP2.
e. Adjust A7R8 for digital voltmeter reading of 0.2
to 0.4 volts (20 to 40 mA through R3).
Section V
Maintenance
5-43. To check a transistor, first see if the emitterbase diode is forward-biased by measuring the voltage
difference between emitter and base. When using an
electronic voltmeter, do not measure directly between
emitter and base; there may be sufficient loop current
between the voltmeter lead to damage the transistor.
Instead, measure each voltage separately with respect
to a voltage common point (e.g. , chassis).
f. Disconnect the test equipment and power and re-
place the power meter top and side panels.
5-39. BATTERY REMOVAL
a. Remove the top cover.
b. Remove the two Phillips screws on the top rear
of the battery cover.
c. Lift off the battery cover.
d. Loosen the nuts on the battery binding posts.
e. Lift out the battery.
5-40.
ISOLATING TROUBLE IN TRANSISTOR
CIRCUITS.
5-41. General. The following information should help
determine if a transistor works. There are tests for
both in-circuit and out -of -circuit transistors, which
help to determine if a particular trouble is due to a
faulty transistor or some other component. See Figure 5-2.
5-42. hi-circuit Testing. Intransistor Circuit testing
the most important consideration is the transistor
base-emitter junction. Like the control g r id of a
vacuum tube, this is the control point in the transistor.
5-44. If the transistor base-emitter junction is
forward-biased, the transistor conducts. If the diode
is heavily forward-biased, the transistor saturates.
However, if the base -emitter diode is reverse-biased,
the transistor is cut off (open). The voltage drop across
a forward-biased emitter-base junction varies with
transistor collector current. A germanium transistor
has a typical base -emitter voltage of 0.2-0.3 volt with
1-10 mA collector current, and 0.4-0.5 volt with 10100 mA collector current. In contrast, base-emitter
voltage for silicon transistors is about twice that for
germanium types; about 0.5-0.6 volt for low collector
current, and about 0.8-0.9 for high collector current.
5-45. If the emitter base-junction is forward-biased,
check for amplifier action by short-circuiting base to
emitter while observing collector voltage. The transistor should stop conduction (cut off), which should
shift the collector voltage close to the supply voltage.
Any difference is due to current leadage through the
transistor.
In general, the smaller the current, the
better the transistor.If collector voltage does not
change, the transistor has either an emitter-collector
short circuit or emitter-base open circuit.
5-46. OUT-OF-CIRCUIT TESTING,
5-47. The two common causes of transistor failure
are internal short - and open-circuits. Remove the
transistor from the circuit and use an ohmmeter to
measure internal resistance. See Table 5-5 for meas-
To test for transistor action, add collector -base short.
5-10
Connect Ohmmeter
Negative Lead toMeasure Resistance (ohms)
base *
collector
collectorseveral hundred
emitter
emittervery high (might read open)
emitter
Measured resistance should decrease.
I
200-500
10K - l00K
30-50
lK - 3K
200 -1000
high, often greater than lM
Section V
Maintenance
Model 432A
Figure 5-4. Transistor Biasing and Operating Characteristics
5-11
Model 432A
Section V
Maintenance
Table 5-6. Etched Circuit Soldering Equipment
Table 5-7
5-12
Section V
Maintenance
Model 432A
5-48. COMPONENT REPLACEMENT IN
ETCHED CIRCUITS.
5-49. General. Etched circuit boards are sensitive
to heat and to scratches with sharp objects. This is
because the conductors are plated o n t o the circuit
boards and the plating extends through the component
mounting holes. Whenever possible, avoid unnecessary component substitution; it can damage the circuit
board and adjacent components. See Table 5-6 for
recommended tools and materials.
5-50. AXIAL-LEAD COMPONENTS .
5-51. Resistors, tubular capacitors and other axial-
lead components can be replaced without unsoldering,
Cut the component leads near the body of the defective
component, remove the component and straighten the
leads left in the board. Wrap leads of the replacement
component one turn around the original leads, solder
the connection, and clip off the excess lead.
5-52. OTHER COMPONENTS.
5-53. Replace other components as follows:
a. Remove defective component from circuit board.
Use a low-power soldering iron because excessive
heat may lift a conductor or damage the board.
b. Remove solder from mounting holes with a suc-
tion device or a wooden toothpick. DO NOT USE A
SHARP METAL OBJECT SUCH AS AN AWL OR TWIST
DRILL. SHARP OBJECTS MAY DAMAGE THE
PLATED-THROUGH CONDUCTOR.
c. Shape the leads of the replacement component to
mat ch the mounting-hole spacing.
d. Insert the component leads in the mounting holes
and position it as the original was. DO NOT FORCE
LEADS OF REPLACEMENT COMPONENT INTO
MOUNTING HOLES. A sharp edge on the lead may
damage the plated -through conductor.
e. Solder the component in place and remove excess
flux from the soldered a r e as. Apply a protective
coating to prevent contamination and corrosion. See
Table 5-6 for recommendations.
CAUTION
Most ohmmeters can supply enough current
or voltage to damage a transistor. Before
using an ohmmeter to measure transistor
forward or reverse resistance, c h e c k its
open -circuit voltage and short -circuit cur -
rent output ON THE RANGE TO BE USED.
Open-circuit voltage must not exceed 1.5volts
and short-circuit current must be less than
3 mA.
5-13
SECTION VI
REPLACEABLE PARTS
6-1. INTRODUCTION.
6-2. This section contains information for ordering
replacement parts. Table 6-1 lists parts in alpha-
numerical order of their reference designators and
indicates the description and HP stock number of each
part, together with any applicable notes. Miscellaneous parts are listed at the end of Table 6-1, Table
6-2 lists parts in alpha-numerical order of their HP
stock number and provides the following information
on each part:
a. Description.
b. Manufacturer of the part in a five-digit code;
see list of manufacturers in Table 6-3.
c. Manufacturer’s part number.
d. Total quantity used (TQ column).
REFERSNCE DESIGNATORS
A=
B=
BT
=
c=
CP
CR :
DL
=
DS
=
E=
.4=
AFC =
AMPL
=
BFO
=
BE W
BH
=
BP
=
BRS
=
BWO
=
Ccw
=
CER
=
CMO
=
COEF
=
COM
=
cCmfP
=
COMPL
CONN
=
CP
=
CRT
=
Cw
=
DEPC
=
DR
=
ELEcT
EN CAP
EXT
=
F
FH =
FILH
m=
G=
01194-13
assembly
motor
battery
capacitor
coupler
diode
delay line
dmrice sisnaling (lamp)
mist electronic part
amperes
automatic frequency cent rol
amplifier
beat frequency oscillator
berylltum copper
=
btnder head
bamfpaBs
brass
backward wave oscillator
counter-clockwise
Ceratic
cabinet mount 0.19
coefficient
common
compaeition
complete
=
connector
cadmium plate
cathode -ray tube
c10ckwi6e
deposit ed cartwn
drive
electrolytic
=
encapsulated
=
external
farads
flat head
fintst er head
=
ftxed
gisa (109)
r e rmanium
ikss
gronndf ed)
F
FL
Ic
J
K
L
Ls
M
fdK
H
HDw
HEX
HG
HR
Hz
IF
IMPG
fNCD
lNC L
ms
INT
K
Lff
LIN
LK WASH
LOG
LPF
M
MEG
MET FLM
MET OX
MFR
MHZ
fdfNAT
MOM
MTG
hfY
N
N/C
NE
Nf PL
fuse
.
filter
integrated ckrcult
jack
relayRT
inductor
loud spe&ker
meterTB
.
microphone
ABBRZVL4TIONS
henries
hardware
hexagonaf
mercury
hour(s)
hertz
intermediate freq
Wnpregmated
.
tncandeecent
include(s)
insulation
fnternal
kno
=
1000
left hand
linear taper
lock washer
logarithmic taper
low pass filter
miUi
=
10-3
meg
= 106
metal film
metallic oxide
manufacturer
mega hertz
.
mintature
momentazy
mounting
,.my~r. t
nano (10-9)
normally closed
neon
nickel plate
6-3.
6-4.
Appendix D
table D-1
To obtain apart that is not listed, include:
6-5.
Instrument model number.
a
+
Instrument serial number.
b.
Description of the part.
c.
Function and location of the part.
d.
MP
:
R
s
T
TP
N/O
Nm
NPN
NRFR
NSR
OBD
on
ox
P
Pc
PF
PH BRZ
PHL
PIV
PNP
P/o
mLY
mRc
ms
mT
PP
PT
Pwv
RECT
RF
m
mechanical part
plug
transistor
.
resistor
thermistor
switch
transfmmer
terminal board
test point
normafly open
negative positive zero
(zero temperature
coefficient)
negative -PO sitive negative
.
not recommended for
field replacement
not separately
replaceable
order by description
oval bead
oxide
peak
f~f::a:~=”;ofarade
phosphor bronze
Phillips
peak inverse voltage
positive-negative positive
part of
polystyrene
prcelain
position(s)
potentiometer
peak-to-peak
point
peak working voltage
rectifier
radio frequency
round head or
right hand
v
VR
=
w
x
Y
z
RMO
Riws
RWV
S-B
SCR
SE
SECT
SEMICON
Sf=
SfL
SL
SPG
SPL
SST
SR
sTL
12
TA
TD
TGL
THD
TI
TOL
TRfM
TWT
u
VAR
VDCW
WI
w
Wfv
w
w/o
.
vacuum, tube, neon
bulb, photocell, etc.
voltage regulator
cable
socket
Crystal
tuned cavity,
net work
rack mount only
root- mean square
reverse working
voltage
slow-blow
screw
selenium
aection(
semicontictor
=
silicon
silver
.
slide
spring
special
.
stainless steel
split ring
steel
tantalum
time delay
toggle
thread
titanium
tolerance
trimmer
traveling wave tube
7-2. This section contains troubleshooting instructions, schematics, and component locations for t h e
power meter.
gram that indicates the location of test points in the
instrument.
7-3. Reference designations shown within circuit card
outlines are abbreviated. To find the part in the Parts
List, use the full reference designation. For example,
R6 on the A2 Meter Logic Assembly is listed as A2R6.
7-4. The Schematic Notes in Table 7-1 pertain to all
the schematics. Additional notes on the schematics
indicate test conditions, and special information for
use when maintaining the instrument.
7-5. TROUBLESHOOTING.
7-6. Table 7-2 is the Overall Troubleshooting chart
for the power meter. Procedures for isolating circuit
malfunctions to specific stages are based on the use
of the HP 8477A Power Meter Calibrator and the cali bration procedures in Section V. The information
obtained when calibration is attempted is used to
troubleshoot the instrument.
7-7. Table 7-2 contains references that direct the
user to the detailed troubleshooting charts, Tables 7-3
through 7-11. The detailed charts refer the user to
transistor stages. In a few instances, specific parts
are called out as being possible causes of circuit malfunction, however, the troubleshooting charts are not
intended to locate specific parts that have failed. They
are intended to locate only malfunctioning stages.
7-8. SCHEMATICS.
7-9. The schematics contain signal routing infer mation, nominal voltage levels, and notes that assist
in understanding the circuit. They are 1aid out to
show electrical operation, and are not int ended as
wiring diagrams.
Also included is an overall block dia-
7-10. Component location photographs next to the
schematic foldouts indicate the physical location of
parts. Test points are also shown, and are marked
on the schematic in the same manner as they are in
the meter.
7-11. Factory selected parts are indicated by an as-
terisk. These are components that generally are in-
stalled to fulfill circuit operation requirements. They
may be the nominal value, or they may be some value
close to nominal. In any case, if the component fails,
circuit operation should be verified after these com-
ponents are replaced.
7-12. AlAl AUTO ZERO ASSEMBLY.
7-13. The Auto Zero circuit is encapsulated and must
be replaced as a unit. A solder removing tool, such
as the Soldapullit suction device listed in Section V,
is required to remove solder around the leads. After
solder is removed, the unit must be carefully removed
f romthe circuit card in such a manner that the circuits
on the card do not delaminate. After the Auto Zero
assembly is replaced, perform the adjustment pro-
cedure given in Section V.
7-14. TEST CONDITIONS.
7-15. For most tests of circuit operation when troubleshooting the instrument, t h e troubleshooting charts
call out control settings. In special cases, notes on
the schematics indicate control settings required to
measure voltage levels in circuits. Generally, t h e
following control settings should be selected, and
changed only as the troubleshooting procedures
indicate:
2. The HP Model 478A Coaxial Thermistor Mount
isdesigned for use with HP Model 431 and 432 Power
Meters to measure microwave power from 1µW to
10 mW. Design of the mount minimizes adverse
effects from environmental temperature changes
during measurement. For increased measurement
accuracy, Effective Efficiency and Calibration Fac-
tor are measured for each mount, and at selected
frequencies across the operating range; the results
are marked on the label of the instrument (see
Paragraph 31).
the 10-MHz to 10-GHz frequency range, Through-
The Model 478A can be used over
out the range, the mount terminates the coaxial input in a 50-ohm impedance, and has a SWR of not
more than 1. 75 without external tuning.
3. Each mount contains two series pairs of thermistors, which are matched to cancel/the effects of
drift with ambient temperature change, Thermal
stability is accomplished by mounting the leads of
all four thermistors on a common thermal conductor to ensure a common thermal environment. This
conductor is thermally insulated from the main
body of the mount so the thermal noise or shocks
applied externally to the mount, such as those from
handling the mount manually, cannot significantly
penetrate to disturb the thermistor. This thermal
immunity enables the thermistors to be used in the
8-1
Model 478A
Tablc 1.
requency Ranxe: 478A: 10 MHzto
mmt Calibration:
Efficiency furnishedat
MHz and 10 GHz.
[npedance: 50 ohms.
aximum Reflection Coefficient:
10 to 25 MHz: 0.273 (1.75 SWR. 11.3 cfB rcturl-
10ss) .
25 MHz to
loss) .
7to 10 GHz: 0.2 (1.5 SWR, 14 dB return
pcrating Resistance:
ower Range with Model 431 and 432A: 1 pW to 1[
mW.
aximu~ Peak Power: 200W’.
‘aximum Average Power: 30 mW.
laximum Energy per Pulse: 10 W . PS for a PRI
zlkHz:5W.
lements:
thermistor
adjustable so that full “zero-set”
restored
(mount calibration
F Connector:
connectors
71 or MIL-c-39012.
utput Connector: Mates with 431 and 432 cables.
~eight: Net.
Uncertainty
Sum
Freq.
(GHz)
1.0
3.0
5.0
7.0
8.2
9.8
12.4
15.0
18.0
*Includes uncertainty
transfer uncertainty.
In addition
following for the indicated 431 ranges:
0.1 mW,
When using the 432 Power Me~cr no additional
uncertainties
7
GHz: 0.13 (1.3 SW’R. 17.7dB retorr
ps for a PRF
Field-replaceable,
assembly.
in
the event of inadvertent
Type -N male. compatible
whose dimensions
5 oz
of
Efficiency Data for 478A
Uncertainties
Cal.
Factor
2.3
“2.8
3.6
3.7
2.8
2.8
6.3
6.3
6.3
10
10.7(’( : 0.03 nlW. 1,5(’: 0.01 n]W.
Spccificatif]ns
10GHz
Calibration
no
(140 g). Shipping. 1 lb (450 g).
Calibration
Effective
Efficiency
2.3
3.1
3.5
4.1
3.5
3.1
4.6
4.6
4.8
of
the listed uncertainties.
are cncoujltcr(’d.
Factor and Effective
six frequencies
200 ohms.
<1
kHz.
thermally
Thermistor
longer valid).
Brass connector.
(7)
Directly traceal)lc to NBS.
conform to MIL-C
Factor and Effective
Uncertainties
‘Cal.
Factor
T
reference
between
assembly fielc
capability can bf
with femah
Probable
Effective
Efficiency
1.1
1.6
2.12.1
2.12.1
1.3
1.3
2.1 I 1.6
2.1
2.1
standard and
O. 3“
--
10SS)
balanced
overloat
(T)
1.1
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.6
add the
lC
—
:
-measurement
tvatt region.
4. INCOMING INSPECTION.
5, Inspect the Model 478A upon receipt for mechanical
damaye. Also check it electrically;
subjected k) severe mechanical shock during shipment.
the match bctw’een the thermistors
check thermistor
agraph 58.
6. If any damage is found. inform the carrier and your
nearest HP Sales and Service Office immediately.
7. PRECAUTIONS.
8. MECHANICAL
9. EON OTDROPORSUBJECT
ICAL SHOCK. SHOCK MAY DESTROY THE MATCH
BETWEEN THERMISTORS
BILITY TO DRIFT.
10.
BIASING THERMISTORS.
Before connecting the Model 478A to the 431
or 432 Power Meters, set the MOUNT RES
switch to 200-ohnl position. CONNECTING
A 200-OHM MOUNT TO A POWER METER
SET FORA 1OO-OHM MOUNT CAN RESULT
IN THERMISTOR
11.
MAXIMUM INPUT.
12.
The Model 478A 431 and 478A 432 combinations
spend to the average RF power applied. The maximum
signal applied to the thermistor
the limitations
and 3) peak pulse power. Excessive
nently damage the Model 478A
tw’een the Rr and compensation
in excessive
dicated power.
13. AVERAGE POWER. The 478A 431 and 478A ’432
combinations
To measure power in excess of 10 nl~’. insert a calibrated directional
770 series or 790 series between the mount and the
source. UNDER NO CIRCLTMSTANCES
THAN 30 nlw AVERAGE POWER TO THE MOUNT.
14. PULSE ENERGY AND PEAK POWER FOR 478A
432 COMBINATION,
energy per pulse must not exceed 10 WJ-IJS and peak
power shoL]ld never exceed 200 watts. (For example,
a 40 nlW, 250 ps pulse contains 10 W-us of energy. )
limit, a rating which applies to the 478A 431 combina-
tion. )
15. PULSE ENERGY AND PEAK POWER FOR 478A/
431 COMBINATION. The limitations of this combination are basically the same as the 478A 432 with the
exception that at pulse repetition rates less than 1 kHz,
energy per pulse must not exceed 5 W-Us and peak
power must not exceed 10 mW. These limits are also
interpreted in Figures 1 and 2.
16. Square-wave modulation is a special case of pulse
modulation, and maximum power-meter reading versus
square -wave frequency is illustrated in Figure 3. This
figure also holds for sine -wave modulation.
17. In the discussions above, the primary considerstion is maximum power or energy, However, for modulation frequencies less than 100 Hz, the low repetition
frequent y itself causes errors in indicated power. These
errors may be as large as two percent regardless of
range or reading.
-
Figure 3. Maximum Power Meter Reading vs Square
18. When RF is switched by pulse-gating (coaxial solid
state switches), consideration must be given to the RF
energy contained in the switching pulse itself.
energy must be added to actual RF pulse power when
estimating the RF power dissipated in the ther mister
mount.PIN diode modulators of H P Model 8741A/
8716A Modulators and 8614A/8616A Signal Generators,
however, are not subject to this consideration because
output filtering prevents transmission of modulating
signals.
19. DRIFT PRECAUTION.
20. Thermistors are inherently temperature -sensitive
devices, A cold thermistor mount connected to a warm
piece of equipment, or vice versa, produces rapid drift.
FOR MINIMUM DRIFT ON SENSITIVE RANGES, MAKE
SURE THAT THE MOUNT AND THE EQUIPMENTCONNECTED TO IT ARE AT NEARLY THE SAME TEMPERATURE BEFORE MAKING A MEASUREMENT.
21. ZERO-SET.
22. It is necessary to electrically zero-set the Model
431/432 Power Meter before making a power measure-
ment. To preserve the same zero reference through-
out the measurement, maintain the same thermal environment when RF power is applied. Two recommended
set-ups for 431 zero-set up are presented in Paragraphs
23 and 25. The recommended set-up for zero-set in
the 432 is shown in Paragraph 30.
and Sine -Wave Frequency
w.
This
Figure 2.
Maximum Power Meter Readings vs Duty.
Cycle for Pulses Longer than 250 µ
S
23. RF POWER TURNED OFF FOR ZERO-SET.
24. There is minimum zero drift when the zero is set
with the RF system connected to the thermistor mount
and the RF power switch off or greatly attenuated by the
generator attenuator,
I
RF output in HP signal generators are listed in Table
2.
After allowing time for the mount to stabilize
thoroughly, follow zero-set procedures in the 431 or
432 Power Meter manual and then turn on the RF source.
The methods used to switch off
8-3
HP Generator
Table 2. Methods of Switching Off RF Output of Various HP Signal Generators
Frequency Rangc
Proedure to Switch 0ff RF Output
Model 478A
Model 606
Model 8614A 8616A
Model 614 616
Model 618 620
Model 608
Modcl 682 687
r
—
Model 612
I
Model 690. 8690
50kHz to 65 MHzIncrease the generator output attenuation 30 or
800 to 2400 MHz 1800 to 4500 MHzRelease RF pushbutton
800 to 2100 MHz 1800 to 4200 MHZSet modulation selector to OFF
3.8 to 7.6 GHz 7 to 11 GHzSet modulation selector to OFF
10 to 480 MHZ 10 to 420 MHzSet MOD SELECTOR to PULSE . but do not apply
1 to 2 GHz 12.4 to 18.0 GHzmodulation signal to modulation input terminal
450 to 1230 MHz
I
1 to 20 G
HZ
Series
25. THERMISTOR
ZERO-SET.
26. 478A 431. When it is inconvenient
RF power in the RF system. connect the Model 478A
mount to the RF system and set RANGE on the Model
431 Power Meter for an approximate
ing. When the reading no longer drifts, disconnect
In the proximity of a high RF field, shield
the disconnected
possible stray RF pick-up during the zeroset.
MOUNT DISCONNECTED
Note
thermistor
to
turn off the
midscale read-
mount from
FOR
more dB
—
Set MODSELECTOR to PULSE 2, but do not apply
modulation signal to modulation input terminal
I
I
Set LINE to STANDBY
mount from the source, terminate the mount, if necessary, as described in Paragraph
the power meter. Immediately
the RF source for the power measurement,
27. With the Model 478A mount connected to the RF
the
system. the source impedance
thermistors
is disconnected,
Unless source impedance is high, this variation in impedance affects the RF bridge 10-kHz feedback loop in
the power meter, and the zero-level
with the source disconnected
measurement.
inating the mount in an impedance which approximately
matches the generator impedance at 10 kHz: the termination should be connected while the mount is disconnected (see Paragraph
ample, if the impedance
to 10 kHz is low (1K ohm or less) terminate the thermistor mount in a 50-ohnl resistor or a short. On the
other hand. if the impedance.of
is high (100 Kohms or more) leave the thermistor
unterminated
(see Figure 4); when the hfodel 478A mount
the source impedance
This error can be eliminated
26) from the source. For ex-
durin~ zero-set.
27, and then zero-set
reconnect the mount to
shunts one of the RF
is
is no
presented
the RF system at 10 kHz
setting obtained
longer zero for the
by
the RF system
removed.
by
term-
mount
Figure 4.
8-4
Source Impedance Shunt in+ One RF Thrrm
istor Mount
28. Note that some 10-kHz bias signal is coupled into
the RF transmission
RF source output impedance at 10 kHz is 15K ohms or
greater, 10-kHz bias, voltage is typically 1.3
and could equal 1.5 V RMS. For an RF source output
impedance of 50 ohms at 10 kHz, bias signal voltage is
typically
29. Theprescnce
solid state RF sources and RF voltmeter measuremcllls,
To minimize or eliminate these effects. use an addi -
tional l)locking capacitor at the iVt)rfel 478A or a hi@]pass filter at
30. 478A ‘432. When it is inconvenient
R F power off w,hile usinx the 478A 432 combination
simply remove the n]ount from the snurce, and using
the COARSE and FINE ZERO, zero the 432.
5 mV I?
l}]e RF
system by C2 (Figure 5). If the
MS.
of
this 10-kIIz l)ias signal m~y affcrt
source output.
to
V
RMS
turn the
Model 478A
Figure 5.
istor Mount when Connected to a 431 Power Meter
31. MOUNT CALIBRATION
32. The calibration
each 478A allow power measurements
increaaed accuracy.
Effective Efficiency are given at six frequencies
10 MHz and 10 GHz. The mounts are tested on a sweptfrequency basis to assure accurate interpolation
calibration
Efficiency values are traceable to the National Bureau
of Standards to the extent allowed by the Bureau’s calibration facilities.
33. CALIBRATION
the ratio of substituted
stor mount to the microwave
the mount.
34. Calibration
a thermistor
of error: 1) RF reflected
match. 2) RF loss raused by absorption within the mount
but not in the detection Thermistor elements.
to-microwave
Factor is applied as a ccmrection factor to all measurements made without a tuner. When these factors and
thermoelectric
into consideration,
that would be delivered by the R F source to the characteristic
total SWR in the (ransmissiun
of uncertainty
is discussed in Application
Ii’&wlett-Packard
Schematic Diagram of a 3$odel 478A Thernl -
DATA.
points imprinted
Values of Calibration
points.
Calibration
mount to correct for the iollowin~ sources
impedance
NOTE.
Calibration
FACTOR.
audio or dc power in a thermi-
RF
Factor
=
Factor is a figure of merit assigned to
by
power subst itut ion error,
effect (refer toParagraph
the power incfiratcd is the power
of
the transmission
about the measured poux?r. This suhjcct
Sales and Service Of Iicc. ”
Note 64. available from any
Calibration will be perfomed in the AN/TSM-55V5 Maintenance
on
the label of
to be
Factor and Effective
Calibration
power incident upon
Pdc Substituted
~
~vat,e Incident
the mount due to mis-
39) are taken
line determines
made with
Factor and
between
between
Factor is
and 3) dc -
Calibration
line.
a
region
Calibration Equiptment Shelter.
The
EFFECTIVE
35.
is the ratio of s~!l)stitlitcd, al]c[io or dc potver in a thern~ istor mount to the microwave RFpo\ver dissipated \vith in the mount.
Effec(iv(~ Efficiency
36. Et’t’cctivc Ef’fidicncv corrects
in parts of the mount othel’ than the detection thermis tor elements and
error in the the!’mister
applied as a correction
ma(ch (he thermistor
RF source. In this case. all of ,the RF power inc’idcnt
upon the mount is absorbed
power is absorbed in the mount. measurement
tainty due to mount SWR is eliminated:
in the tuner must
37. CALIBRATION
.38. When the 478A is used with the Model 43 I or 432
Power Meters, Calibration
ciency corrections
switch.
pensates for the Calibration
ciency in the 478A, If the 478A is used with a power
meter other than the 431 or 432, Calibration
Effective Efficiency corrections
ing the measured
Effective Efficiency value respectively.
39. THERMOELECTRIC
40. ” Mount calibration
include inaccuracies
error.
Effective Efficiency uncertainty
tained on the three lowest power ranges of the Model
431 series Power Meters by correcting
urement error introduced
error correction
41. A mild thermocouple
tact where the connecting wires join to the thermistor
elements.
Thus, two thermocouple
polarity are formed, one. at each junction to each thernl -
istor element.
42. Ideally, each thermocouple
in magnitude so that they cancel with no resultanl effect
on the accuracy
however, each point of contact does not have identical
thermocouple
peratures
differences
thermoelectric
causes a thcrmoclcctric
of the error is important when making dc suhstitut iotl
measurements
ranges with one of the Model 431 series Power Meters.
On other ranges, the cf’feet 1s negligible.
error introducec[ by thermoelectric
IJW
With the proper setting; the 431 or 432 com -
Calibration
and is typically
EFFICIENCY.
clc
-to-microwave
mount, Effective Efficiency is
factor when a tuner is used to
mount io the transmission
be
considered.
DATA APPLICATIOX.
can be made by setting a front panel
power by the Calibration
uncertainties
caused by thermoelectric
Factor uncertainty
procedure
Each thermocouple
of
characteristics,
at
each junction may not be the same. These
cause an incomplete
voltages.
on
power measurement.
the O. 1 nlW. 0, 03 mw’ and
O, 1 MW on
Effective El ficicn(y
Pdc Substituted
-
p
,~wave Dissipa~crt
for po!ver absorbed
power substitution
in
the mount.
ho!vever, losses
Factor or Effective Effi-
Factor or Effective Effi-
can be made by divid-
EFFECT.
given in Table
of
by
thermoelectric
is
given inParagraph
exists at each point of con-
voltages of opposite relative
and in adcfi tion, the tem -
resultin~
effect error.
the O. 01 mW range.
of
+2. 5[~ can be main-
for the meas-
creates a dc voltage.
voltage would be equal
cancellation
in a
voltage (hat
The magnitude
effect is
line or
Siocc all
uncer -
Factor or
Factor or
effect
=1. 52 and
effect. An
44,.
In practice
of
O. 01
mW
Maximum
about O. 3
thr
8-5
1
Model 478A
THFRMOEI
43. _~.—–-.
TION FOR 478A 431_COIvf BINATION.
44. Use the following technique to correct for thermo-
electric effect error.
Measure power.
a.
b. Connect a HP Model 8402 Power Meter Calibra-
tor to the power meter DC CALIBRATION
STITLTTION connector.
c.
Zero and null power meter.
d. Bydc substitution
ual), duplicate power measurement
Calculate and record substituted
e.
Reverse connection polarity between the calibra-
tor and power meter.
f. Re-zero and re-null power meter, if necessary.
Bydc substitution,
g.
made instep a. Calculate and record substituted
as P2.
h. Calculate arithmetic
powers Pl and P2.
rection for thermoelectric
45. THERMOELECTRIC
BINATION.
46. The thermoelectric
minimized
is negligible compared with the dc voltage used to bias
the thermistor
47. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION.
48. Two matched series thermistors
common thermal conducting block, represented
shaded rectangle in Figure 5. One pair, marked “D’
for detection, is mounted between the end of a coaxial
cable and cylindrical
exposed to incoming RF power which heats them, lowering their resistance.
for compensation
cavity, is completely
attached to the 431 Po\ver Meter, the detection thermistors are part of {he metering circuit.
ECTRIC l<: F_FL~T_E~ROR
?-–.
(refer toprocedurein
duplicate lower measurement
mean of the two substitution
This mean power includes a cor-
effect error.
PI
+
Power
=
ERROR FOR 478A ‘432 COM -
in
the 432 since the thermoelectric
bridges.
OPERATING
errors present in the 431 are
PRINCIPLES
cavity. These thermistors
The other pair, marked, “C”
and situated immediately
shielded from RF. With the 478A
made in step a.
power as P1.
P2
2“
are mounted on a
CORREC-
AND S~B-
431 Man-
power
voltage
by
outside the
50. During 431 478A operation,
dc and 10 kHz bias currents are supplied from the 431
Power Meter to heat the thermistors
tances are reduced to approximately
pair.
Capacitor Cl offers high impedance to 10 kHz,
but is practically
appear series connected to 10 kHz, but parallel con-
nected
to’
bridge of the 431 Power Meter as a 2000 resistance,
but terminates
blocks any dc and ‘audio power that may be present in
the incoming signal, and passes only RF power.
51. During 432 operation
amounts of dc current are supplied from 432 Power
Meter to heat the thermistors
are reduced to approximately
Capacitor Cl is practically
“D’ to appear series connected to the dc bridge, parallel connected to RF. In this manner, “D’ appears to
the dc bridge in the 432 Power Meter as a 2000 resistance that terminates
Capacitor C2 blocks any dc and audio power that may
be present in the incoming signal and passes only RF
power.
52. 431 POWER METER DETECTION.
53. Under normal operation,
to heat thermistor
1) RF signal, 2) 10 kHz,bias, 3) heat from the environment. The total power supplied to heat thermistor
“C” consists of:
kHz bias, and 3) heat from the same environment.
“D’ and “C” are matched thermally,
of heat applied to reduce their series resistance
must be equal.
54. 432 POWER DETECTION.
55. Under normal operation the total power applied to
heat thermistor
1)RF
total power supplied to heat thermistor
of:
As “D’ and “C” are matched thermally. the total amounts
the
are
of heat applied to reduce their series resistance
must be equal.
56. MECHANICAL
57. The Model 478A is a precision
dropping or other mechanical
destroy the match between the thermistors.
RF. In this manner, “D’ appears to the audio
signal and 2) heat from the environment.
1) dc
bias and 2) heat from the samd environment.
a
short to RF. This causes “D” to
the coaxial cable in 500. Capacitor C2
pair “D” (see Figure 5) consists of
1) dc
bias, 2) an equal amount of 10
pair “D” (see Figure 6). consists of:
MAINTENANCE
SHOCK.
sufficient amounts of
until their resis-
200$2 per series
(see Figure 6) sufficient
until their resistances
200$2 per series pair.
a
short to RF. This causes
the coaxial cable into 50!2.
the total power supplied
the total amounts
instrument.
shocks. Such shocks can
“C” consists
equally
equally
pair
The
Avoid
As
49. With the 478A attached to the 432 Power Meter the
detection thermistors
compensation
bridge.
same thermal environment,
which affects th[, RF bridge simultaneously
metering bridge : this allows tht, power mctrr t,ircuil to
compensate
imize drift.
Since the two pairs of thermistors
for chall~rs in temperat urr and thus m in-
thermistors
are part of the RF bridge and the
are part of the compensation
any chan~e in temperature
s!]ow the
affr?cts the
8-6
58. CHECK ON THERMISTOR
59. Match between the thermistors
comparin~ the thermistor
operating conditions.
in Figure 6.
rear of the thermistor
6. Note that the small lyattery in series with tl]e IiP
Model 3440 Digital Voltmeter is connected in opposition
Make connections
MATCH.
resistances
Equipment required is indicated
mount: pins are show’n in Fi~ure
may be checked by
under simulated
to
the (,onncrtor at the
Model 478A
Figure 6.
istor Mount when Connected to a 432 Power Meter
Schematic Diagram of a Model 478A Therm-
WARNING
Under no conditions
required to carry a current higher than 14
mA.
should the mount be
to tile
powT’1”
should be such
volt is obtained. Take readinxs with sfcit(h
to pin 1 and then to pin 3,
factory if Ihe two readings do not differ by more than
O.
030 volt. Nonoperating
as
O.
the succeeding paragraphs.
60, REPAIR.
61. Exceeding the cw or pulse power limit of the Model
478A Thermistor
the
mount \rill no Ionser zero on the ~Iod~l 431 Or 432
Po\ver Meter.
62. Before adjustin% the mount in ony way. make sure
[hat themount is the cause of the problem. An open or
short indication.
64. means that the mount is not reparable
cedures outlined in the follow ins paragraphs.
the mount may be nonoperative
Test for this by using the procedures
or by connecting the mount to a Model 431 or 432 Power
Meter and a cable which is known to be good. A faulty
cable will not have continuity through the respective
connector pins or may have poor contact in the mount
connector.
or a great deal of noise (visible on the 431 or 432 Meter)
when the cable is gently flexed near the connector end.
supply.
tkiat
150 vIJ1l can probably be repaired as ou[lined in
Poor contact will show as an intermittanc
The following procedures
the 431 478A combination.
cedures can be used for the 432 except_for
the ZERO ‘VERMER
trols on the431 are replaced by the COARSE
ZERO and FINE ZERO control on the 432.
The value of this buckins vollnuc
voltmeter resolution
Thermistor
mounts with readings as high
Llount may result in dama~e such that
using the checks in Para~raphs
Note
control. These con-
d{nvn to 0.001
S
cunne[tcd
n=
[cl) is satis-
by
but still repairable.
in
are set down for
The same pro-
However.
Paragraph
59
the pro-
or
58.
y
Figure 7.
Check on Model 478.4 Thermistor
ante Match
Resist-
63. The major difference
478A 432 combination
does not use 10 kHz as a biasing factor in the thermi-
stor. All biasing factors in the 432 are from dc sources
therefore,
64, To troubleshoot
lows:
65. If meter remains pegged upscale. the thermistor
elements have been damaged. However. it may be PO Ssible to recompcnsate
68 and 69 and return the mount to operation: otherwise
they must be rcplaeed.
Efficiency and Calibration
are no longer valid (see Paragraph
lowering the thermoelectric
a. Connect mount to Model 431.
b, Set:
Rotate ZERO from one limit to the other.
c.
MOUNT RES . . . . . . . .
RANGE . . .
POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ON
between the 478A 431 and
is
that the 478A 432 combination
effect.
a
damaged mount, proceed as fol-
.
per Paragraphs
77).
..2000hm
..1O mW
.. . . . . . .. .
lhe thermistors
In either case. the Effective
Factor chata on the nameplate
8-7
Figure 8.
Model 478A
d. When meter pointer rises .trim [o zerowith each
adjus[ing scre\v.
e.
Replace cover and three screws (A). The in-
strument is now operative.
Note
Make sure the three screw’s in the body of
the thermistor
mountis put Cogether; this insures quiet operation.
70. If meter is pegged upscale:
a. Set ZERO and VERNIER to mid-range.
b. Set RANGE to highest position which will not peg
the meter.
c.
Turn one of the screws (B) counterclockwise
obtain a meter reading half that observed in step b.
mount are tight \vhen the
to
66. If meter remains pegged downscale,
sistance between pins 1 and 2, and pins
resistance
An open or shorted reading indicates the need for replacement of the thermistors.
67. If the resistance
be possible to recompensate
service.
higher because of the damage to the thermistors,
it will be possible to zero the meter and to make measurements.
Factor indicated on the label will no longer be valid
(see Paragraph
inside the instrument
within limits. Most instruments
7663 do not have the adjusting screws at the time of
manufacture,
sent
68.
a.
b.
c.
d.
69.
a.
b.
c.
should measure between 1000 and 5000 ohms.
reading is satisfactory,
The drift with temperiiture
The Effective Efficiency
77). There are two adjusting screws,
in for repair after March 1964.
Refer to Figure
Remove the three screws (A).
Slide instrument
Plug cover into Model 431.
Set:
If meter ispegged downscale:
Set RANGE to 10mW.
Set ZERO and VERNIER to mid-range.
Turn screws (B) clockwise,
but are modified if the instrument
8
MOI’NTRES
POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the mount and return it to
which permit recompensation
with serials lower than
and proceed as follows:
out of its co,ver.
. . . . . . . . .
measure re
3
changes will be
and Calibration
1 8
turn alternately.
and 4. The
it
may
was
..2OO ohm
. .
but
ON
-
d. Turn the other screw (B) counterclockwise
the meter.
place the thermistors
e.
ment is now operative.
71. THERMISTOR
72. The procedure
thermistor
replacing
Table 3.
If it is impossible
Replace cover and three screws (A). The instru-
CEDURE.
After replacement
sembly, the Effective Efficiency and Calibration Factor indicated on the label of the
mount are no longer valid (see Paragraph
77).
assembly,
them with pretested
Parts Furnished
Replacement
(Paragraph
ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT
consists of removing the damaged
the printed circuit assembly and
to
zero the meter, re-
71).
Note
of
the thermistor
assemblies
in
Thermistor
Kit. HP 00478-600
to
as-
included in
Assembly
zero
PRO-
CAL TION
If there is a sudden jump in meter indication when advancing either screw, back off
1
8
turn, and donot advance that screw further, Check resistanreas
If either screw bottoms, do not apply force.
Thermistor
indicated.
replacement
in
(Paragraph
Para~raph
8-8
71) is
66.
Model. 478A
73. The rcplzcemcnt
factory. Rowever.
tormount depends un proper ins(allatiol> uf [he ~ssmnbly. it may be desirable
c-icncy following replacement.
checked by romparing
SW? is cheekedat
apln”oximately
1.5 nr less.
In the field,
sembly connection of
the Type Nrenter
bellows, If Me bellows does no[ col;tart the
center conductor.
10 GHz.
slight ly with a pair of tweezers,
74. The }ollowing special tools may be required for
the completion of this procvxlure:
a. One small screwdriver.
removing a 00-90 x
b. One pair of tweezers.
asscmhlie$
since the operation 0! the thermis -
to
against a knmm mount.
9
(XIZ and 10 GHz. SiVR shu.tld hc
equal at
9
replaceable
concfuu I r is made bya
SV”R wdl he abcwt 2,0 at
The beilolrs ma}- be L?nyhened
1 8
scretv.
m-c utc[cstcd
check the S\VR and cffi -
The efficiency may IN
and 10 Ghz. Jnd ShOUId be
!!k’rnlis.~or
(IIC RF
thermistors
O.
070 lip. suitable for
a[
as-
to
the
The
75. REMO\’AL
.
.
~ Remove throc 2-56 Y
i]ml shield [Figure9).
Do not break \vircs connecting printed circuit assembly to receptacle
b. Looscm lo$knot and remove
from thermistor
c .“
Disconnec{ the three wires beti(-eeo the printed
circuit assembly and the receptacle
printed circuit assembly.
d. In early thermistor
x 1
8
screw used to ccmncct the RF Thermistors
Type N center conductor. Remove this, scretv. if present. usia~ small screwdriver
Remove the three 2-56 x
e.
printed circuit and thermistor
connector assembly.
f. Remove printed circuit and thermistor
.
blles.
g. Remove the three insulator bushings from tbernl istor assembly.
damaged assembly.
PROCI?DLRE.
assembly.
This completes
3 16
hlove terminal shiclcf aside.
CAL’TION
scrc!t-s holding tcrm-
conne(tor.
5
connector from the
assemblies
and tweezers.
5 8
inch scre~vs holding
assemblies
the removal of the
16-32 setscrcit
there is a 00-90
to
assem-
to
the RF
the
Figure 9.
Model 478A Thermistor Mount Assembly
8-9
Model 478A
c.
Pass the rcd !virc from the [hcrn)is[ur
throu<h the hole indicated in Figure 10. Do not con-
ncc( to printed circuit assembly at this time.
assembly
Figure 10.
76. INSTALLATION
a. Referring
from receptacle
For strain relief ,the wires should go through
the holes indicated and connect from the
bottom of the printed circuit assembly.
b.
Install the three insulator bushings in the therm-
istor
assembly.
HP Model 478A Printed Circuit Assy
tViring
PROCEDURE.
to
Figure 10. connect the three wires
connector to printed circuit assembly.
Note
d. Mount thermistor
on RF coi]nector assembly.
s~re’~sY:d
firmly to]nsure
N center conductor.
e.
sembly to printed circuit assembly.
f. Connect thermistor
Check for proper null and zero.
g. If desired, check SWR and efficiency. The h!ount
SWR has been adjusted at the factory to be about equal
at
9
is made with the
a locknut.
SWR is being recalibrated.
by comparing to a known good mount.
h. When any testing or recalibration
secure terminal shield with three 2-56 x
screws,
77. RECALIBRATION.
is desired. the instrument
for repair and recalibration.
Sales and Service Office will arrange for such repair.
10ck’’’’ashers”
Printed circuit assembly must be positioned
so it does not cover cornpensa{in:
Connect red and !vhite wires from thermistor
GHz and 10 GHz and less than 1.5. The adjustment
The setscrew should not be moved unless
To prevent pulling wires out of terminal
connector,
2-56 x3 16 inch screw while making checks.
This completes
and printed circuit assemblies
Lse three 2-56 x
proper bellows contact with the Type
5
16-23 setscrew which is secured by
secure terminal shield with one
Screws must be tightened
Note
mount to a HP Model 431.
Efficiency may be checked
CAUTION
the Installation
If
recalibration
may be sent to the factory
Any He\vlett - Packard
screivs.
is
Procedure.
of
58
completed.
3 16
the mount
inch
as-
inch
8-10
APPENDIX A
MAKE ALL CORRECTIONS
INSTRUMENT SERIAL PREFIX
.
NEW ITEM.
SERIAL PREF[x OR NUMSER
f
812-00201
840
] 843
CHANGE
CHANGE
CHANGE 3
&
above
1
2
MANUAL CHANGES
BACKDATING
MODEL 432A
POWER METER
Manual Serial Prefixed:
IN
THIS MANUAL ACCORDING TO ERRATA BELOW, THEN CHECK THE FOLLOWING TABLE FOR YOUR
(3
DIGITS) OR SERIAL NUMBER
MAKE MANUAL CHANGES
Change 1, 4
Change 1, 2, 4
I Change
Change A2R61 and A2R62 to R: FXD 215K OHM 0698-3454
Change A2R36 to R:FXD lM OHM 0683-1055
Change A2C24 to C: FXD 270 PF 0140-0210
Add A2C48 from A3Q38 base to ground. C: FXD 68 PF 0490-0192
Add A1R3 between Al pin 11 and +7 Vdc. R: FXD
Delete A1R43.
Add A2C49 between A2 pin 15 and junction of A2R59 and A2R57.
C: FXD 2.2 ~f 0180-0197
Add A2R29 between ~ and the bottom of A2c31.
R: FXD 68.1$2 0757-0397
I,
2,3,4
812- Manual Printed: August 1968
(8
DIGITS) AND MAKE ANY LISTED CHANGE(S)
SERIAL
s
I
PREFIX OR
NUM6ER
3
1.6K 0698-3160
IN
THE MANUAL.
MAKE MANUAL CHANGES
CHANGE 4
Figure Al-1, Al-2, Al-3 and Table AlMeters with serial prefix 843 and below.
2100-2659 R: VAR WW 50K OHM 5% LIN 1-1/2 W (SERIAL PREFIX 904 and below)
R1
2100-2849 R: VAR WW 50K OHM 5% LIN 1-1/2 W (SERIAL PREFIX 919 and above)
1000Ω. “
Page 6-12, Table 6-2, change as follows:
Delete: 0160-2264 C: FXD CER 20 pF 5%, 500 VDCW
Add: 2 to the TQ column for 0160-2930
Page 7-3, Figure 7-1, change as follows:
Delete test point 7 from voltage-to-time converter
A1-11
Page 7-5, Figure 7-7, Assy A1, change as follows:
Delete: 5. 2V from test point 7 and 2.
ADD :
Page 7-11, Figure 7-9, change as follows:
Change the value of A1C13 and A1C14 to .01 µf.
Page 7-13/7-14, Figures 7-11 and 7-12.
Delete page 7-13/7-14, Figures 7-11 and 7-12,
Add new page 7-13/7-14, Figures 7-11 and 7-12 (an attached sheet)
1. 2V for test point 7.
5. 2V for test point 2.
A1-12
APPENDIX B
B1-1
APPENDIX C
MAINTENANCE ALLOCATION CHART
C-1.
Section I.
General.
INTRODUCTION
This Maintenance Allocation Chart designates overall responsibility for
the performance of maintenance functions on the identified end item or
component.
The inplementation of field maintenance tasks upon this end item
or component will be consistent with the assigned maintenance operations.
C-2 .
Maintenance Functions.
Maintenance functions will be limited to and defined as follows:
a. Insect To determine serviceabilty of an item by comparing its
physical, mechanical and electrical characteristics with established
standards.
b
_. Test. To verify serviceability and to detect electrical or
mechanical failure by use of test equipment.
c. Service. To clean, to preserve, to charge and to add fuel, lubricants,
cooling agents, and air,
If it is desired that elements, such as paint-
ing and lubricating, be defined separately, they may be so listed.
d
_. Adjust. To rectify to the extent necessary to bring into proper
operating range.
e. Align. To adjust specified variable elements of an item to bring
to optimum performance.
of instruments or test equipment used in precise measurement,
To determine the corrections to be made in the readings
Consists of
the comparison of two instruments, me of which is a certified standard of
known accuracy, to detect and adjust any discrepancy in the accuracy of the
instrument being compared with the certified standard.
g. Install.
To set up for use in an operational environment such as
an emplacement, site, or vehicle.
h. Replace. To replace unserviceable items
i. Repair.
Those maintenance operations necessary to restore an item to
with serviceable like items.
serviceable condition through correction of material damage or a specific
failure. Repair may be accomplished at each category of maintenance.
C1-1
Overhaul. Normally, the highest degree of maintenance performed by
i.
the Army in order to minimize time work in process is consistent with
quality and economy of operation.
It consists of that maintenancs necessary
to restore an item to completely serviceable condition as prescribed by
maintenance standards in technical publications for each item of equipment.
Overhaul normally does not return an item to like new, zero mileage, or
zero hour condition.
k.
Rebuild.
The highest degree of material maintenance. It consists
of restoring equipment as nearly as possible to new conditon in accordance
with original manufacturing standards.
Rebutld is performed only when required by operational considerations or other paramount factors and then
only at the depot maintenance category.
Rebuild reduces to zero the hours
or miles the equipment, or component thereof, has been in use.
1.
Symbols The uppercase letter placed in the appropriate column in-
dicates the lowest level at which that particular maintenance function is
to be performed.
C-3.
Explanation of Colums.
Listed below is an explanation of the columns shown in the maintenance
allocation chart:
Column 1 lists group numbers, the purpose
of which is to identify components, assemblies
, subassemblies and modules
with the next higher assembly.
b.
Column 2, Functional Group.
ponents asseblies
, subassemblies and modules on which maintenance is
Column 2 lists the noun names of com-
authorized.
c. Column 3, Maintenance Functions.
Column 3 lists the lowest level
at which that particular maintenance function is to be performed.
d.
Column 4, Tools and Equipment.This column shall be used to specify,
by code, those tools and test equipment required to perform the designated
function.
Column 5, Remarks.
e.
Self-explanatory.
C1-2
C1-3
APPENDIX D
REPAIR PARTS LIST
D-1.
This appendix provides a list of repair parts for maintenance support
of the equipment. The parts along with their descriptions are listed in
table D-1 below.
D-2.Instructions for ‘requisitioning parts not identified by Federal.
Stock Numbers require the following information be furnished to the Sup-
ply officer:
a. Manufacturer’s Federal Supply Code Number.
b
_. Manufacturer’s identification number,
c. Manufacturer’s nomenclature.
d
Any other information as listed on parts list that will aid in
ideification of the item being requisitioned.
D-3.
Remarks field in accordance with A
If DD Form 1348 is used, fill in all blocks except 4, 5, 6 and
R
725-50. Complete Form as follows:
In Blocks 4, 5 and 6 list Manufacturer’s Federal Supply Code
a.
Number followed by a colon and the Manufacturer’s part number.
b
Complete Remarks Field as follows;
Nomenclature of the repair
part and any other identification to assist Supply Officer in procurement.
D-4.
Report of errors, omissions and recommendations Eor improving this
publication by the individual user is encouraged. Reports should be sub-
mitted on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to DA Publications) and for-
warded direct to Commanding Officer,
Frankford Arsenal., ATTN: AMSWE-SMF-
W3100, Philadelphia, Pa. 19137.
D1-1
— .-— .—
Part ND.
—- ——---
01$0-9198
ol!@323ft
0150-0059
0150-0380
9~50”9973
0160-2143
0160-2264
0160-2265
0160-2672
0150-2917
Table D-1.
—--—-—-——.
Description
C:FXD MECA 200 I?F
5%
C:FXD I~cA 500 l?F 11
C:FXD CER 3.3-0.25
Pi? 500VDCW
C:FXD MY 0.22 ‘UF
la”: 200VDCW
C:I?XD MICA 1500 PF
1% 500VDCW
c:J?XD
CER 2000 PF
t80-20% 1000VIKW
C:FXD CER 20 PF 5%
500VDLW
C:FXD CER 22 PF 5’%
500VDCW
C:FXD MY 0.047 UF
5% 80vDW
C:FXD CER 0.2.5 UF
+80-20% 100VDGJ
Repair Parts List
.—-— -.——
Mfr.
for Power Meter 432A
Federal
supply
--— . -._.-—
28430
28480
72982
28430
2~480
91418
72982
72982
28480
84411
Code
Mfr. Part No.
-———(3~4(3.9193
0140-0234
301-000-COJO-339C
o150-93\3fl
0160-0978
Type B
301-900-cOW-200J
301-NPO-22PF
0160-2572
Type TA
Total I
Qty I
.+--
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
.—.—
FSN
i
I
i
5910-494-5056
!
I
5910-5;36-3233
I
I
I
,
5910-318-3758
0150-2930
0160-3043
0130-0106
0130-0137
0130-3229
0130-0291
()”~<3()m~374
0130-1746
01,30-1819
01!30-1940
0180-2178
0360-3124
C:FXD
C:FXD cm 2 x 0.’305
C:FXD ELIWT ‘TA 60UF
C:FXD ELECT 2.2 UF
C:FXD
C:FXD ELECT lUF
C:FXD ELECT iO UF
C:F.XD ELECT 15 UF
C:FXD ELECT 100 W
C:FXD ELECT 33 UT