HP 54616B, 54625B, 45616C User And Service Manual

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User and Service Guide

Publication number 54615-97009 July 1996 (pdf version Nov 1998)

For Safety Information, Warranties, and Regulatory information, see the pages behind the index.

HP 54615B, HP 54616B, and HP 54616C Oscilloscopes

A General-Purpose Oscilloscope

The HP 54615B, HP 54616B, and HP 54616C oscilloscopes offer exceptional waveform viewing and measurements in a small, lightweight package. These dual channel, 500 MHz bandwidth oscilloscopes are designed for use in labs where high speed analog and digital circuits are being tested. These oscilloscopes give you:

1 ns peak detect

•

1 GSa/s sample rate (HP 54615B)

•

2 GSa/s sample rate (HP 54616B and HP 54616C) 500 MHz bandwidth, and 1 ns/div Main and Delayed time bases

•

Selectable input impedance

•

Protection of the internal 50 ohm load

•

Adjustable time nulling to remove the effects of cabling

•

250 MHz single-shot bandwidth (HP 54615B)

•

500 MHz single-shot bandwidth (HP 54616B and HP 54616C) Color display (HP 54616C)

•

These oscilloscopes are very easy to use because of their familiar controls and real time display. You can discard your viewing hood as these oscilloscopes have none of the viewing problems that are associated with analog oscilloscopes. A bright, crisp display is obtained at all sweep speeds and delayed sweep magnifications. Storage is as simple as pressing a button. View events ahead of the trigger using negative time. Cursors and automatic measurements greatly simplify your analysis tasks.

You can upgrade this oscilloscope for hardcopy or remote control with the addition of an interface module. Unattended waveform monitoring and additional waveform math, such as FFT, can be added with the addition of one of the Measurement/Storage modules.

Bring your scope and PC together with BenchLink software. BenchLink, which runs under Windows, allows easy transfer of scope traces and waveform data to your PC for incorporation into documents or storage.

Accessories supplied

Two 1.5 meter, 10:1 Rugged 500 MHz Passive Probes (HP 10073A)

•

Power cord for country of destination

•

This

•

• Programmer’s Guide

Accessories available

•

User and Service Guide

with Microsoft Windows 3.1 Help file, ascii

help file, and sample programs.

HP 34810A BenchLink/Scope Software (version 1.4 or later) HP 54650A HP-IB Interface Module HP 54652B Serial/Parallel Interface Module HP 54654A Operator’s Training Kit HP 54657A HP-IB Measurement/Storage Module HP 54659B Serial/Parallel Measurement/Storage Module HP 5041-9409 Carrying Case HP 5062-7345 Rackmount Kit HP 10020A Resistive Divider (1:1 through 100:1) Passive Probe Kit HP 10070A 1.5 meter, 1:1 Passive Probe HP 10444A 10:1 500 MHz, Low Capacitance Miniature Passive

Probe (1.6 m) HP 1137A 1000:1 1 MHz High Voltage Passive Divider Probe HP 1141A 1:1 200 MHz Differential Active Probe. Probe power

accessed directly from oscilloscope rear panel. HP 1144A 10:1 800 MHz Active Probe. Probe power accessed

•

directly from oscilloscope rear panel. HP 1145A 10:1 750 MHz Small-Geometry Dual Active Probe for

•

surface mount devices. Probe power accessed directly from oscilloscope rear panel.

iii

Options available

Option 001 RS-03 Magnetic Interference Shielding Added to CRT

•

(HP 54615B and HP 54616B only) Option 002 RE-02 Display Shield Added to CRT (HP 54615B and

•

HP 54616B only) Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

•

Option 101 Accessory Pouch and Front-Panel Cover

•

Option 103 Operator’s Training Kit (HP 54654A)

•

Option 104 Carrying Case (HP 5041-9409)

•

Option 106 BenchLink/Scope Software (HP 34810A)

•

Option 090 Deletes Probes

•

Option 1CM Rackmount Kit

•

Power Cords (see the table of Replaceable Parts in chapter 4,

•

Service)

In This Book

This is the User and Service Guide for the HP 54615B, HP 54616B, and HP 54616C Oscilloscopes. This guide contains five chapters.

First Time Users

start guide that gives you a brief overview of the oscilloscope.

Chapter 1 is a quick

The Oscillos cope at a Glance

Operating your Oscillosco pe

Using Opti on 005 Enhanced

TV/Video Tr igger

Service

Performance Characteristics

Advanced users

of exercises that guide you through the operation of the oscilloscope.

TV/Video triggering

how to use enhanced TV/Video triggering if you have Option 005 installed in your oscilloscope.

Service technicians

contains the service information for the oscilloscope. There are procedures for verifying performance, adjusting, troubleshooting, and replacing assemblies in the oscilloscope.

Reference information

the characteristics of the oscilloscope.

Chapter 2 is a series

Chapter 3 shows

Chapter 4

Chapter 5 lists

Glossary

Index

1 The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To connect a signal to the oscilloscope 1–5 To display a signal automatically 1–7 To set up the vertical window 1–8 To expand the vertical signal 1–10 To set up the time base 1–11 To trigger the oscilloscope 1–13 To use roll mode 1–16

Using Color (HP 54616C only) 1–17

To select the color palettes and observe colors 1–18 To print in color 1–20

2 Operating Your Oscilloscope

To use delayed sweep 2–3 To use storage oscilloscope operation 2–6 To capture a single event 2–8 To capture glitches or narrow pulses 2–10 To trigger on a complex waveform 2–12 To make frequency measurements automatically 2–14 To make time measurements automatically 2–16 To make voltage measurements automatically 2–19 To make cursor measurements 2–23 To remove cabling errors from time interval measurements 2–27 To view asynchronous noise on a signal 2–28 To reduce the random noise on a signal 2–30 To save or recall traces 2–33 To save or recall front-panel setups 2–34 To reset the instrument setup 2–35 To use the XY display mode 2–36 To analyze video waveforms 2–40

Contents-1

Contents

3 Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

To select TV display grid 3–4 To autoscale on a video signal 3–4 To trigger on a specific line of video 3–5 To trigger on all TV line sync pulses 3–7 To trigger on a specific field of the video signal 3–8 To trigger on all fields of the video signal 3–9 To trigger on odd or even fields 3–10 To make cursor measurements 3–12 To use delayed sweep 3–14 To analyze video waveforms with Option 005 3–16 To window in on harmonic distortion using FFT 3–18 To connect to other instruments 3–20

4Service

To return the oscilloscope to Hewlett-Packard 4–4

Verifying Oscilloscope Performance 4–5

To check the output of the To verify voltage measurement accuracy 4–8 To verify bandwidth 4–10 To verify horizontal ∆t and 1/∆t accuracy 4–13 To verify trigger sensitivity 4–15 To verify Vertical Output on Option 005 4–18

CALIBRATOR

4–6

Adjusting the Oscilloscope 4–21

To adjust the power supply 4–22 To perform the self-calibration 4–25 To adjust the high-frequency pulse response 4–27 To adjust the display (HP 54615B/16B only) 4–29 To adjust the Option 005 offset (R15) 4–31

Contents-2

Troubleshooting the Oscilloscope 4–32

To construct your own dummy load 4–33 To check out the oscilloscope 4–34 To clear error messages 4–37 To check the Low Voltage Power Supply 4–41 To run the internal self-tests 4–42 To troubleshoot Option 005 4–45

Replacing Parts in the Oscilloscope 4–45

To replace an assembly 4–46 To remove the fan 4–47 To remove the front panel 4–47 To remove the display 4–49 To remove the system board 4–49 To remove the attenuator 4–50 To remove and replace an acquisition hybrid 4–51 To remove and replace a hybrid connector 4–53 To remove the power supply 4–54 To remove the keyboard 4–55 To remove the handle 4–56 To remove the Option 005 board 4–56 To order a replacement part 4–57

Contents

5 Performance Characteristics

Vertical System 5–2 Horizontal System 5–4 Trigger System 5–5 TV Functions 5–6 XY Operation 5–6 Display System 5–6 Acquisition System 5–7

Contents-3

Contents

Advanced Functions 5–8 Power Requirements 5–8 General General General

(HP 54615B and HP 54616B only) (HP 54616C only) (HP 54615B, HP 54616B, and HP 54616C) 5–12

5–11

5–9

Option 005 General Performance Characteristics 5–13 Option 005 Trigger System 5–14

Glossary

Index

Contents-4

Perform self-calibration first

For the oscilloscope to perform most accurately in the ambient temperature where it will be used, the self-calibration procedure described on page 4-25 should first be performed. Allow the unit to operate for at least 30 minutes before performing the self-calibration.

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

One of the first things you will want to do with your new oscilloscope is to become acquainted with its front panel. Therefore, we have written the exercises in this chapter to familiarize you with the controls you will use most often.

The front panel has knobs, grey keys, and white keys. The knobs are used most often and are similar to the knobs on other oscilloscopes. The grey keys bring up softkey menus on the display that allow you access to many of the oscilloscope features. The white keys are instant action keys and menus are not associated with them.

Throughout this book, the front-panel keys are denoted by a box around the name of the key, and softkeys are denoted by a change in the text type. For example, labeled Source under the trigger portion of the front panel, and

Line

is a softkey. The word

display directly above its corresponding softkey.

Source

Line

appears at the bottom of the

is the grey front-panel key

Figure 1-1 is a diagram of the front panel controls and input connectors.

Figure 1-2 is a status line example. The status line, located at the top of of the display, lets you quickly determine the setup of the oscilloscope. In this chapter you will learn to read at a glance the setup of the oscilloscope from the status line.

Figure 1-3 is a diagram showing which grey keys to press to bring up the various softkey menus.

1–2

Figure 1–1

General controls

Storage keys

Trigger controls

Channel controls

Channel inputs

Front Panel C ont rols

Figure 1–2

External trigger control

External trigger input

Horizontal controls

Delayed swe ep is on, 200 ns/di v

Main swe ep 500 µs/div

Display Status Line Indicators

Sample rate display (Main/Delayed)

Auto triggered,

Channel 2 is on, 4 V/div

Channel 1 is on, ac coupled, inverted, 100 mV/div Peak detect is on

positive sl ope, trigger sour ce is channel 1

Auto st o re is on

1–3

Figure 1– 3

Press this key To obtain this menuPress this key To obtain this menu

Softkey Menu Reference

1–4

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To connect a signal to the oscilloscope

The HP 54615B is a two-channel, 500 MHz bandwidth, 1 GSa/s sample rate oscilloscope with an external trigger input. The HP 54616Band HP 54616C are two-channel, 500 MHz bandwidth, 2 GSa/s sample rate oscilloscopes with an external trigger input. The input impedance of these oscilloscopes is

selectable – either 50Ω or 1 MΩ. The 50Ω mode matches 50Ω cables commonly used in making high frequency measurements. This impedance matching gives you the most accurate measurements since reflections are minimized along the signal path. The 1 MΩ mode is for use with probes and for general purpose measurements. The higher impedance minimizes the loading effect of the oscilloscope on the circuit under test. In this exercise you connect a signal to the channel 1 input.

To avoid damage to your new oscilloscope, make sure that the voltage level of the signal you are using is less than or equal to 250 V (dc plus the peak ac). For a complete list of the characteristics see chapter 5, "Performance Characteristics."

CAUTION

Do not exceed 5 Vrms in 50Ω mode. When input protection is enabled in 50Ω mode, the 50Ω load will disconnect if greater than 5 Vrms is detected. However the inputs could still be damaged, depending on the time constant of the signal.

The 50Ω input protection mode only functions when the oscilloscope is powered on.

•

Use a cable or a probe to connect a signal to channel 1.

•

The oscilloscope has automatic probe sensing . If you are using the probes supplied with the oscilloscope, or other probes with probe sensing, then the input impedance and probe attenuation factors will be automatically set up by the oscilloscope when automatic probe sensing is turned on. The default setting is to have automatic probe

Auto n

sensing on. This is indicated by the selection of

under the

softkey, where n is 1, 10, 20, or 100.

•

If you are not using automatic probe sensing, then follow these next two steps.

Probe

1–5

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To connect a si gnal to the oscilloscope

Figure 1–4

Overcompensation causes pulse peaking.

•

To set the input impedance, press

Ω

impedance of 50

•

To set the probe attenuation factor press softkey. Next toggle the

or 1MΩ.

Probe

. Select the desired Input

. Select the

Next Menu

softkey to change the attenuation

factor to match the probe you are using.

You should compensate 10:1 probes to match their characteristics to the oscilloscope. A poorly compensated probe can introduce measurement errors. To compensate a probe, follow these steps.

Connect the 10:1 probe from channel 1 to the front-panel probe compensation signal on the oscilloscope.

2 3

Autosc ale

Press

Use a nonmetallic tool to adjust the trimmer capacitor on the probe for the flattest pulse possible as displayed on the oscilloscope.

Figure 1–5

Correct compensation with a flat pulse top.

Figure 1–6

Undercompensation causes puls e rol l of f .

1–6

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To display a signal automatically

The oscilloscope has an Autoscale feature that automatically sets up the oscilloscope to best display the input signal. Using Autoscale requires signals with a frequency greater than or equal to 50 Hz and a duty cycle greater than

0.5%. When you press

channels that have signals applied, and selects a time base range based on the trigger source. The trigger source is selected from inputs that have a signal applied. The priority of trigger source assignment is External Trigger, input 1, then input 2. Autoscale will, in both 50Ω and 1MΩ impedance modes, reset the

BW Lim

( Input protection in 50Ω mode is not affected by Autoscale.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope.

Press

When you press setup to display the signal. However, if you pressed unintentionally, you can use the feature, perform the following step.

•

The oscilloscope returns to the configuration in effect before you pressed

) to

Autosc al e

Setup

Press

Autosc al e

Off

Verniers

, all

Autosc al e

, then press the

, the oscilloscope turns on and scales all

Coupling

Off

, and Signal Inversion (

, the oscilloscope changes the front-panel

Undo Autoscale

to DC, the Bandwidth Limit

Invert

) to

Autosc al e

feature. To use this

softkey.

Off

1–7

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To set up the vertical window

The following exercise guides you through the vertical keys, knobs, and status line.

Center the signal on the display with the Position knob.

The Position knob moves the signal vertically, and it is calibrated. Notice that as you turn the Position knob, a voltage value is displayed for a short time indicating how far the ground reference is located from the center of the screen. Also notice that the ground symbol on the right side of the display moves in conjunction with the Position knob.

Measuremen t hi nts

If the channel is dc coupled, y ou can quickly measure the dc component of the signal by si m pl y noting its distance from the gr ound symbol.

If the channel is ac coupled, th e dc component of the s i gnal is removed allowing you to use gre ater sensitivit y t o di splay the ac component of the si gnal .

1–8

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To set up the vertical window

Change the vertical setup and notice that each change affects the status line differently.

You can quickly determine the vertical setup from the status line in the display.

Change the vertical sensitivity with the Volts/Div knob and notice that it

•

causes the status line to change.

Press

•

A softkey menu appears on the display, and the channel turns on (or remains on if it was already turned on).

Toggle each of the softkeys and notice which keys cause the status line to

•

change. Channels 1 and 2 have a vernier softkey that allows the Volt/Div knob

to change the vertical step size in smaller increments. These smaller increments are calibrated, which results in accurate measurements even with the vernier turned on.

To turn the channel off, either press

•

left-most softkey.

a second time or press the

Invert operating hint

When you are tri ggered on the signal you are inv erting, the inver sion applies only to the displayed waveform, not to the trigger signal. Therefore, the trigger slope of the displayed waveform is inverted from the trigger slope icon dipl ayed on the status li ne.

1–9

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To expand the vertical signal

When changing the Volts/Div for analog channels, you can have the signal expand (or compress) about the center screen or about the ground point.

•

To expand the signal about center screen, press Then select

•

To expand the signal about ground, press select

System Config

and

Expand Vertical Center

and

Expand Vertical Ground

Print/ Ut il it y

. Then

1–10

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To se t up the time base

To set up the time base

The following exercise guides you through the time base keys, knobs, and status line.

Turn the Time/Div knob and notice the change it makes to the status line.

The Time/Div knob changes the sweep speed from 1 ns to 5 s in a 1-2-5 step sequence, and the value is displayed in the status line. The sample rate is also displayed on the status line.

Change the horizontal setup and notice that each change affects the status line differently.

Main/D elayed

Press

•

A softkey menu appears on the display with six softkey choices.

Toggle each of the softkeys and notice which keys cause the status line to

•

change.

1–11

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To set up the time base

Turn the Delay knob and notice that its value is displayed in the status line.

•

The Delay knob moves the main sweep horizontally, and it pauses at

0.00 s, mimicking a mechanical detent. At the top of the graticule is a solid triangle (

▼

) symbol and an open triangle ( ∇ ) symbol. The

▼

symbol indicates the trigger point and it moves in conjunction with the Delay knob. The ∇ symbol indicates the time reference point. If the time reference softkey is set to left, the ∇ is located one graticule in from the left side of the display. If the time reference softkey is set to center, the ∇ is located at the center of the display. The delay number tells you how far the reference point ∇ is located from the trigger

▼

point All events displayed left of the trigger point

▼

happened before the trigger occurred, and these events are called pretrigger information or negative time. You will find this feature very useful because you can now see the events that led up to the trigger point. Everything to the

▼

right of the trigger point

is called posttrigger information. The amount of delay range (pretrigger and posttrigger information) available is dependent on the sweep speed selected. See "Horizontal System" in chapter 5, for more details.

1–12

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To trigger th e oscilloscope

To trigger the oscilloscope

The following exercise guides you through the trigger keys, knobs, and status line.

Turn the trigger Level knob and notice the changes it makes to the display.

As you turn the Level knob or press a trigger menu key, for a short time two things happen on the display. First, the trigger level is displayed in inverse video. If the trigger is dc coupled, it is displayed as a voltage. If the trigger is ac coupled or if LF reject was selected, it is displayed as a percentage of the trigger range. Second, if the trigger source is turned on, a line is displayed showing the location of the trigger level (as long as ac coupling or low frequency reject are not selected).

Change the trigger setup and notice that each change affects the status line differently.

Source

•

Press

A softkey menu appears on the display showing the trigger source choices.

Toggle each of the softkeys and notice that each key causes the status line

•

to change.

Extern al Trigg er

Press

•

A softkey menu appears on the display showing the external trigger choices.

1–13

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To trigger the oscilloscope

Mode

Press

•

A softkey menu appears on the display with five trigger mode choices. Toggle the

•

line differently. (You can only select TV if the trigger source is either channel 1 or 2.)

When the oscilloscope is triggering properly, the trigger mode portion of the status line is blank.

What happens if the oscilloscope los es trigger?

If Auto Level is the trigger mode, Auto flashes i n the status lin e. If dc coupled, the oscilloscope resets the trigger level to the c ent er of the signal. If ac coupled, the oscillo sc ope resets the trigger level t o half way between the minimum and m aximum amplitudes as display ed on the screen. In addition, every time you press the Auto Level softkey, the oscilloscope resets the trigger level.

Single

and

softkeys and notice that they affect the status

If Auto is the trigger mode, Auto flashes in the status line and the oscilloscope free runs.

If either Normal or TV is the trig ger m ode, the trigge r setup flashes i n the status line.

1–14

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To trigger th e oscilloscope

Slope/ Coupli ng

Press

•

A softkey menu appears on the display. If you selected Auto level, Auto, Normal, or Single as a trigger mode, six softkey choices are displayed. If you selected TV as a trigger source, five other softkey choices are available.

Toggle each of the softkeys and notice which keys affect the status line.

•

External trigger input coupling (ac or dc) is selected from the External

•

Trigger menu.

Adjust the Holdoff knob and observe how it changes the display.

Holdoff keeps the trigger from rearming for an amount of time that you set. Holdoff is often used to stabilize the display of complex waveforms. The Holdoff range is from 300.0 ns to about 13.5 s. When you adjust the Holdoff knob, the current holdoff time is briefly displayed in inverse video near the bottom of the display. For an example of using Holdoff, refer to the section, "To trigger on a complex waveform" on page 2-12.

To set a long ho ldoff time, go to a sl ower sweep speed. The value used to increment the holdoff depends upon the sweep s peed or

time/div sel ection. Howeve r, the actual holdoff v al ue is a fixed num ber; it is not a percentage of s w eep speed. For a time/div setting of 5 ns/div, the holdoff increment is 5 0 ns. For a time/div setting of 5 s/div, the holdoff increment is 100 ms.

1–15

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To use roll mode

Roll mode continuously moves data across the display from right to left. Roll mode allows you to see dynamic changes on low frequency signals, such as when you adjust a potentiometer. Two frequently used applications of roll mode are transducer monitoring and power supply testing.

Press

Mode

. Then press the

Auto Lvl

Auto

, or

Normal

softkey.

Press

Press the

The oscilloscope is now untriggered and runs continuously. Also notice that the time reference softkey selection changes to center and right.

Press

In Single, the oscilloscope fills either 1/2 of the display if the time reference, or 9/10 of the display if reference, then it searches for a trigger. As soon as a trigger is found, the display is filled from the reference point ( display. The oscilloscope then stops acquiring data.

You can also make automatic measurements in the roll mode. If time measurements are made while the data is rolling, slight errors are incurred (less than 2%.) The most accurate time measurements are made on rolled data when the acquisition is stopped.

Main/D el ay ed

Roll

softkey.

Mode

Roll mode oper ati ng hints

• Math functions, averaging, and peak detect ar e not available in roll mode.

• Holdoff and horizontal delay are not active in roll mode.

• Both a free ru nni ng (nontriggered) display and a triggered displa y ( available in

the single mode only) are avail able in roll mode.

• Roll mode is available at sw eep speeds of 200 ms/div and slow er for the HP 54615B and HP 54616B. Roll mode is available at sweep speeds of 500 ms/div and slower for the HP 54616C.

. Then press the

Single

softkey.

Cntr

is selected for

Rght

is selected for the time

Cntr

Rght

) to the right edge of the

1–16

Using Color (HP 54616C only)

With the HP 54616C color oscilloscope, you can select any of the seven available color palettes to assign colors to channels, cursors, stored waveforms, and text.

The seven color palettes allow additional customization, which allows you to easily distinguish between channel waveforms. In addition, when making measurements on a channel, wherever the channel number appears on screen, it is highlighted in the selected color.

The color palettes are individually named, and you can choose the palette that best suits your needs. You can change from the Default palette to any of the following:

•

Alternate 1 works well for people who are colorblind.

•

The colors in Alternate 2 are compatible with those used in HP 545xx-series oscilloscopes.

•

Alternate 3 sets the cursors to yellow.

•

Inverse 1 works well for hard copies.

•

Inverse 2 works well for overhead transparencies.

•

A Monochrome palette is also available.

In each palette, different colors are used for cursors, waveforms, softkeys, and Autostore. The background is always black, unless you select the Inverse palettes, which use a white background. Softkeys and the grid are always in white, except in the Inverse palettes, which set them to black.

This section shows you how to:

•

Select the color palettes and observe colors

•

Print in color

1–17

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To select the color palettes and observe colors

Press under the

Press the

Displa y

Palette

. The name of the selected palette appears

softkey.

softkey. Continue to cycle through the palettes and

observe colors applied to the cursors, waveforms, and softkeys.

Notice that the softkeys are white in all palettes, except the Inverse palettes, where they are black.

Press the

The graticule is always white, except in the Inverse palettes, where it is black.

Toggle the

Press

A single color shows all the cursors in the display area.

Press

Grid

softkey until

Grid

softkey until

Cursor s

Autost or e

Full

is displayed.

Frame

is displayed.

. Press

Active Cursor t2

Active Cursor V2

then

. Turn the Position knob both directions on an

active channel and notice the stored waveform.

The autostored waveforms are displayed in blue when using the Default and Alternate color palettes, cyan in the Inverse color palettes, and white in the MonoChrome palette.

Press

Autost or e

to turn it off. Then press

Erase

1–18

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To select the color palettes and observe colors

The following table shows the color palettes and the palette colors mapped to the display components.

Table 1-1 Color Palettes and Mapping of Colors to Display Components

Palette Color Display Component Palette Color Display Component Default green

yellow magenta cyan white white white blue black

Alternate 1 red

cyan yellow magenta white white white blue black

Alternate 2 cyan

yellow green magenta white white white blue black

In the monochrome palette, all of the display components are in white, except the background, which is black.

cursors waveform1 waveform2 functions overlapping waveforms softkeys graticule autostor e background

Alternate 3 yell ow

magenta cyan green white white white blue black

Inverse 1 magenta

red blue green black black black cyan white

Inverse 2 black

red blue magenta black black black cyan white

cursors waveform1 waveform2 functions overlapping waveforms softkeys graticule autostor e background

1–19

The Oscilloscope at a Glance

To print in color

To use delay ed sweep

To use delayed sweep

Delayed sweep is a magnified portion of the main sweep. You can use delayed sweep to locate and horizontally expand part of the main sweep for a more detailed (high resolution) analysis of signals. The following steps show you how to use delayed sweep. Notice that the steps are very similar to operating the delayed sweep in analog oscilloscopes.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. Press

Main/D el ay ed

Press the

The screen divides in half. The top half displays the main sweep, and the bottom half displays an expanded portion of the main sweep. This expanded portion of the main sweep is called the delayed sweep. The top half also has two solid vertical lines called markers. These markers show what portion of the main sweep is expanded in the lower half. The size and position of the delayed sweep are controlled by the Time/Div and Delay knobs. The

Time/Div next to the symbol is the delayed sweep sec/div. The delay value is displayed for a short time at the bottom of the display.

To display the delay value of the delayed time base, either

•

press

To change the main sweep Time/Div, you must turn off the delayed sweep.

•

Delayed sweep operating hint

When in delayed sweep, the dis pl ayed sample r ate applies to the mai n sweep. The delayed sw eep sample rate i s always equal to or greater than th e m ai n sweep sample rate. Main and del ayed sweeps are obtained in alt ernate acquistions. Single swee p i n delayed mode acquires on trigger for main and one t ri gger for delayed.

Delayed

Main/D el ay ed

softkey.

or turn the Delay knob.

2–3

Figure 2-1

Delayed sw eep markers

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To use delay ed sweep

Since both the main and delayed sweeps are displayed, there are half as many vertical divisions so the vertical scaling is doubled. Notice the changes in the status line.

To display the delay time of the delayed sweep, either press

•

Main/D el ay ed

displayed near the bottom of the display.

Set the time reference (

Figure 2-1 shows the time reference set to left. The operation is like the delayed sweep of an analog oscilloscope, where the delay time defines the start of the delayed sweep.

or turn the delay knob. The delay value is

Time Ref

) to either left (

Lft

) or center (

Cntr

Time reference set to left

2–4

Figure 2- 2

Delaye d sw eep markers

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To use delay ed sweep

Figure 2-2 shows the time reference set to center. Notice that the markers expand around the area of interest. You can place the markers over the area of interest with the delay knob, then expand the delayed sweep with the time base knob to increase the resolution.

Time reference set to center

2–5

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To use stora ge oscilloscope operation

To use storage oscilloscope operation

There are four front-panel storage keys. They are white instant action keys that change the operating mode of the oscilloscope. The following steps demonstrate how to use these storage keys.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.

Press

Autost or e

Notice that For easy viewing, the stored waveform is displayed in half bright and the

most recent trace is displayed in full bright. Autostore is useful in a number of applications.

Displaying the worst-case extremes of varying waveforms

•

Capturing and storing a waveform

•

Measuring noise and jitter

•

Capturing events that occur infrequently

•

STORE

replaces

RUN

in the status line.

2–6

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To use stora ge oscilloscope operation

Using the position knob in the Vertical section of the front panel, move the trace up and down about one division.

Notice that the last acquired waveform is in full bright and the previously acquired waveforms are displayed in half bright.

To characterize the waveforms, use the cursors. See "To make cursor

•

measurements" on page 2-23. To clear the display, press

•

To exit the Autostore mode, press either

•

Autost ore

Summary of s torage keys

Run

– The oscillosc ope acquires data and displays the most recent tr ace.

Stop – The dis pl ay is frozen.

Erase

Run

Autostore

full bright and previously acquired waveform s in half bright .

Erase

– The oscilloscope acquires data, displa ying the most recent trace in

– Clears t he di splay.

2–7

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To capture a si ngle event

To capture a single event

To capture a single event, you need some knowledge of the signal in order to set up the trigger level and slope. For example, if the event is derived from TTL logic, a trigger level of 2 volts should work on a rising edge. The following steps show you how to use the oscilloscope to capture a single event.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope.

Set up the trigger.

Source

Press

•

Slope/ Coupli ng

Press

•

Turn the Level knob to a point where you think the trigger should work.

•

Press

Mode

. Select a trigger source with the softkeys.

. Select a trigger slope with the softkeys.

, then press the

Single

softkey.

Press

Pressing the Run key arms the trigger circuit. When the trigger conditions are met, data appears on the display representing the data points that the oscilloscope obtained with one acquisition. Pressing the Run key again rearms the trigger circuit and erases the display.

Erase

Run

to clear previous measurements from the display.

2–8

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To capture a single event

If you need to compare several single-shot events,

Autost ore

press

Like the Run key, the Autostore key also arms the trigger circuit. When the trigger conditions are met, the oscilloscope triggers. Pressing the Autostore key again rearms the trigger circuit without erasing the display. All the data points are retained on the display in half bright with each trigger allowing you to easily compare a series of single-shot events.

After you have acquired a single-shot event, pressing a front-panel key, softkey, or changing a knob can erase the event from the display. If you press the Stop key, the oscilloscope will recover the event and restore the oscilloscope settings.

To clear the display, press

•

To exit the Autostore mode, press either

•

Autost ore

or indicating that the oscilloscope has exited the Autostore mode.

Erase

. Notice that RUN replaces STORE in the status line,

Run

Operating hint

With display vectors on, the m aximum singl e-shot bandwidth i s: HP 54615B – 250 MHz for single- and two-channel operation (1 G S a/s, normal display, display vectors on.) HP 54616B/16C – 500 MHz for single- and two-channel operation (2 GSa/s, normal display, display vectors on.)

With display vecto rs off, the oscilloscopes display the actual captured samples.

2–9

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To capture gli tches or narrow pu ls es

To capture glitches or narrow pulses

A glitch is a rapid change in the waveform that is usually narrow as compared to the waveform. This oscilloscope has two modes of operation that you can use for glitch capture: peak detect and Autostore.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.

Find the glitch.

Use peak detect for narrow pulses or glitches.

To select peak detect, press

•

softkey.

Peak detect operates at sweep speeds from 5 s/div to 500 ns/div. When operating, Pk is displayed in the status line in inverse video. At sweep speeds faster than 500 ns/div, Pk is displayed in normal video, which indicates that peak detect is not operating. However, the acquisition system is sampling at 1 GSa/s so glitches greater than 1 ns will not be missed.

Displa y

. Next, press the

Peak Det

Peak detect operating hint

In peak detect, the A/D converte rs are sampling at 1 GSa/s. Howev er, not all samples are w ri tt en to the display. Only the min a nd the max sample s in each of the waveform graticules’s 500 pixel columns are written to the displ ay.

2–10

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To capture glitches or narrow pul ses

Autostore operating hints

Use Autosto re for the following cases:

Waveforms that are changing.

•

Waveforms that you want to view and compare w i th stored waveform s.

•

Narrow pulses or glitches t hat occur infrequently.

•

Autost ore

Press

•

You can use peak detect and Autostore together. Peak detect captures the glitch, while Autostore retains the glitch on the display in half bright video.

Characterize the glitch with delayed sweep.

Peak detect functions in both the main sweep and the delayed sweep. To characterize the glitch with delayed sweep follow these steps.

Main/D elayed

Press

•

To obtain a better resolution of the glitch, expand the time base.

•

To set the expanded portion of the main sweep over the glitch, use the

•

Delay knob.

. Next press the

Delayed

softkey.

To characterize the glitch, use the cursors or the automatic measurement

•

capabilities of the oscilloscope.

2–11

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To trigger on a complex waveform

The difficulty in viewing a complex waveform is triggering on the signal. Figure 2-3 shows a complex waveform that is not synchronized with the trigger.

The simplest trigger method is to trigger the oscilloscope on a sync pulse that is associated with the waveform. See "To trigger the oscilloscope" on page 1-13. If there is no sync pulse, use the following procedure to trigger on a periodic complex waveform.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope.

Set the trigger level to the middle of the waveform.

Adjust the Holdoff knob to synchronize the trigger of the oscilloscope with the complex waveform.

By setting the Holdoff to synchronize the trigger, the oscilloscope ignores the trigger that results in figure 2-3, and waits for the trigger that results in figure 2-4. Also notice in figure 2-3 that the trigger is stable, but the waveform is not synchronized with the trigger.

Holdoff operati ng hints 1 The advantage o f digital holdoff is that it is a fixed num ber. As a result,

changing the ti m e base settings does not affect the hol doff number; so, the oscilloscope remai ns triggered. In contrast, the holdoff in analog oscilloscopes is a function of the time base s ett i ng m aking it necessary to readjus t t he holdoff each time you change the time base setting.

2 The rate of chang e of the holdoff adjus tment knob depends on the time bas e setting you h ave selected. If you need a lengthy holdoff setting , i ncrease the time/div sett i ng on the time base, then make your coarse holdoff ad j ustment. Now switch back to the original time/div sett i ng and make the fine adjustment to reach the exact am ount you want.

2–12

Figure 2-3

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To trigger on a complex wave form

Stable trigger, but the waveform is not synchronized with the trigger

Figure 2-4

Holdoff synchronizes the waveform with the trigger

In Figure 2-4, the holdoff is set to about 25 µs (the duration of the pattern.)

2–13

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To make frequ ency measuremen ts automatically

To make frequency measurements automatically

The automatic measurement capability of the oscilloscope makes frequency measurements easy, as the following steps demonstrate.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.

Press

A softkey menu appears with six softkey choices.

Toggle the measurement.

Press the

The oscilloscope automatically measures the frequency and displays the result on the lower line of the display. The number in parentheses after the word measurement. The oscilloscope retains in memory and displays the three most current selected measurements. If you make a fourth measurement, the left-most is dropped.

Time

Freq

Source

softkey to select a channel for the frequency

Freq

softkey.

is the number of the channel that the oscilloscope used for the

2–14

Figure 2-5

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To make frequ ency measuremen ts automatically

Show Meas

If the waveform that show the measurement points for the right-most measurement result. If you select more than one measurement, you can show a previous measurement by reselecting the measurement.

To find the

•

The oscilloscope makes automatic measurements on the first displayed event. Figure 2-5 shows how to use delayed sweep to isolate an event for a frequency measurement. If the measurement is not possible in the delayed time base horizontal mode, then the main time base is used. If the waveform is clipped, it may not be possible to make the measurement.

softkey is turned on, cursors are displayed on the

Show Meas

softkey, press the

Next Menu

softkey.

Delayed ti m e base isolates an eve nt for a frequency meas urement

2–15

Figure 2-6

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To make time measurements au tomatically

To make time measurements automatically

You can measure the following time parameters with the oscilloscope: frequency, period, duty cycle, width, rise time, and fall time. The following exercise guides you through the Time keys by making a rise time measurement. Figure 2-6 shows a pulse with some of the time measurement points.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.

When the signal has a well-defined top and bottom (see figure 2-8), the rise time and fall time measurements are made at the 10% and 90% levels. If the oscilloscope cannot find a well-defined top or bottom (see figure 2-9), the maximum and minimum levels are used to calculate the 10% and 90% points.

2–16

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To make time measurements autom atically

Press

Time

A softkey menu appears with six softkey choices. Three of the softkeys are time measurement functions.

Source

Selects a channel for the time measurement.

Time Measurem ents

(frequency), made at the 50% levels. Refer to figure 2-6.

Clear Meas

removes the cursors from the display.

Next Menu

Press the

Another time measurement softkey menu appears with six additional choices. Four of the softkeys are time measurement functions.

Show Meas

cursors where the measurement was taken.

Time measure m ent hint

When making time measure ment s in roll mode, the most accurate result s will b e seen when the w aveform is stop ped.

Three time measurement choices are available:

Period

(clear measurement) Erases the measurement results and

Replaces the softkey menu with six additional softkey choices.

Next Menu

(show measurement) Displays the horizontal and vertical

, and

softkey.

Duty C y

(duty cycle). These measurements are

Freq

2–17

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To make time measurements au tomatically

Figure 2-7

Time Measurem ents +Width, -Width, Rise Time

the 50% levels, whereas rise time and fall time measurements are made at the 10% to 90% levels.

Previous Menu

Press the

The oscilloscope automatically measures the rise time of the signal and displays the result on the display.

The oscilloscope makes automatic measurements on the first displayed event. Figure 2-7 shows how to use delayed sweep to isolate an edge for a rise time measurement.

Rise Time

Four additional time measurement choices are available;

Fall Time

, and

Returns to the previous softkey menu.

softkey.

. Width measurements are made at

Delayed sw eep isolates a leading edge for a rise tim e m easurement

2–18

Figure 2-8

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To make voltage measuremen ts automatically

To make voltage measurements automatically

You can measure the following voltage parameters automatically with the oscilloscope: peak-to-peak, average, rms, maximum, minimum, top, and base. The following exercise guides you through the Voltage keys by making an rms voltage measurement. Figures 2-8 and 2-9 show pulses with some of the voltage measurement points.

Figure 2-9

Pulse where the top and bottom are w el l-defined

Pulse where the top and bottom are not w ell-defined

2–19

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To make voltage measurements automatically

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.

Press

A softkey menu appears with six softkey choices. Three of the softkeys are voltage measurement functions.

Source Voltage Measurements

Vp-p, Vavg

histograms of the signal.

Clear Meas

display, and removes the horizontal and vertical cursors from the display.

Next Menu

Voltag e

Selects a channel for the voltage measurement.

, and

(clear measurement) Erases any measurement results from the

Replaces the softkey menu with six additional softkey choices.

Three voltage measurement choices are available:

Vrms

The measurements are determined by voltage

2–20

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To make voltage measuremen ts automatically

Figure 2-10

Press the

The oscilloscope automatically measures the rms voltage and displays the result on the display.

The oscilloscope makes automatic measurements on the first pulse or period in the display. If a cycle of the waveform cannot be found as shown in the delayed window in figure 2-10, the measurement is made using the delayed window as the cycle. Figure 2-10 shows how to use delayed sweep to isolate a pulse for an rms measurement.

Vrms

softkey.

Delayed sw eep isolates an area of interest for an rms voltage measure m ent

2–21

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To make voltage measurements automatically

Press the

Another voltage measurement softkey menu appears with six additional choices. Four of the softkeys are voltage measurement functions.

Show Meas

cursors that show where the measurement was taken on the signal.

Voltage Measurements

available:

Previous Menu

Next Menu

(show measurement) Displays the horizontal and vertical

Vmax, Vmin, Vtop, Vbase

Returns to the previous softkey menu.

softkey.

Four additional voltage measurement choices are

2–22

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To make curso r m easurements

To make cursor measurements

The following steps guide you through the front-panel Cursors key. You can use the cursors to make custom voltage or time measurements on the signal. Examples of custom measurements include rise time measurements from reference levels other than 10-90%, frequency and width measurements from levels other than 50%, channel-to-channel delay measurements, and voltage measurements. See figures 2-11 through 2-16 for examples of custom measurements.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display. Press

Cursor s

A softkey menu appears with six softkey choices. Four of the softkeys are cursor functions.

Source

Selects a channel for the voltage cursor measurements.

Active Cursor

cursors, while t1, and t2 are time cursors. Use the knob below

Cursor s

the softkeys simultaneously, both voltage cursors are selected and the voltage cursors move together. When you press the t1 and t2 softkeys simultaneously, both time cursors are selected and the time cursors move together.

Clear Cursors

display.

There are four cursor choices: V1, and V2 are voltage

key to move the cursors. When you press the V1 and

Erases the cursor readings and removes the cursors from the

Toggling the Cursor key to sele ct active cursor

If you toggle the front-panel Cursor key, the active cursor will be toggled. For example, if V1 is selected, pressing the Cursor key will select V2. Pressing t he cursor key again will select V1.

2–23

Figure 2-11

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To make curs or m easurements

Cursors used to measure pulse wid th at l evels other then the 50% points

Figure 2-12

Cursors used to measure the frequenc y of the ringing on a pulse

2–24

Figure 2-13

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To make curso r m easurements

Cursors used to make channel-to-channel delay meas ure m ents

Figure 2- 14

The cursors tr ack delayed sweep . Exp and t he di splay with delayed sweep, then characterize the event of interest with the cursors.

2–25

Figure 2-15

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To make curs or m easurements

Pressing t1 and t2 softkeys si m ul t aneously causes the time cursors to mov e together when the cursor knob is adjusted.

Figure 2-16

By moving the time cursors together, you can check f or pul se width variati ons in a pulse train, as figures 2- 15 and 2-16 show .

2–26

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To remove ca bli ng errors from time interval measurements

To remove cabling errors from time interval measurements

When measuring time intervals in the nanosecond range, small differences in cable length can totally obscure the measurement. The following exercise shows how to remove errors that different cable lengths or characteristics introduce to your measurement. The Skew control makes it possible to remove this offset error from your measurement. This process is also referred to as deskewing.

Select Time Reference to Center, with the Graticule turned on.

Connect the channels to be nulled to a common test point and obtain a stable display. A fast edge is a good choice.

Press

Print/ Ut il it y

Self Cal Menu

the

, then select the

softkey. This gives you access to the calibration

and skew adjustments.

Select

Skew 1 > 2

to adjust channel 2 with respect to channel 1. Rotate the knob to bring the channels into time alignment. This nullifies the cable delay.

Service Menu

softkey, then

This adjustm ent is not affected by pressing Autoscale. If the d efault setup is selected or default calibration factors are loaded , the skew value will return to zero seconds.

2–27

Figure 2-17

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To view asynchronous noise on a signal

The following exercise shows how to use the oscilloscope to view asynchronous noise on a signal that is not synchronous to the period of the waveform.

Connect a noisy signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.

Figure 2-17 shows a waveform with asynchronous noise at the top of the pulse.

Asynchronous noise at the top of t he pul se

2–28

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To view asynchronous noise on a signal

Figure 2-18

Press

Autost or e

Notice that

Set the

region of the signal.

STORE

Trigger Mode

is displayed in the status line.

Normal

, then adjust the trigger level into the noise

Decrease the sweep speed for better resolution of the asynchronous

noise.

To characterize the asynchronous noise signal, use the cursors.

•

This is a trig gered view of the as ynchronous noise shown in figure 2-17.

2–29

Figure 2-19

3 dB down point

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To reduce the random noise on a signal

If the signal you are applying to the oscilloscope is noisy (figure 2-21), you can set up the oscilloscope to reduce the noise on the waveform (figure 2-22). First, you stabilize the displayed waveform by removing the noise from the trigger path. Second, you reduce the noise on the displayed waveform.

Connect a noisy signal to the oscilloscope and press

Autosc al e

Obtain a stable display by removing the noise from trigger path;

Slope/ Coupli ng

press or the

High frequency reject ( 50 kHz (see figure 2-19). You use HF reject to remove high frequency noise such as AM or FM broadcast stations from the trigger path.

0 dB

HF Reject

softkey.

, then select either the

HF Reject

) adds a low pass filter with the 3 dB point at

LF Reject

softkey

Pass

Band

HF reject (trigger path)

2–30

50 kHz

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To reduce the random noise on a signal

Figure 2-20

3 dB down point

Figure 2-21

Low frequency reject (

LF Reject

) adds a high pass filter with the 3-dB point at 50 kHz (see figure 2-20). Use LF reject to remove low frequency signals such as power line noise from the trigger path.

0 dB

Pass Band

LF reject (t ri gger path)

50 kHz

Noise reject increases the trigger hysteresis band. By increasing the trigger hysteresis band you reduce the possibility of triggering on noise. However, this also decreases the trigger sensitivity so that a slightly larger signal is required to trigger the oscilloscope.

Random nois e on t he di splayed waveform

2–31

Figure 2-22

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To reduce the random noise on a signal

Use averaging to reduce noise on the displayed waveform.

To use averaging follow these steps.

Displa y

Press

•

Notice that Av appears in the status line.

Toggle the

•

eliminates the noise from the displayed waveform. The Av letters in the status line indicate how much of the averaging

process is finished by turning to inverse video as the oscilloscope performs averaging. The higher the number of averages, the more noise that is removed from the display. However, the higher the number of averages, the slower the displayed waveform responds to waveform changes. You need to choose between how quickly the waveform responds to changes and how much noise there is on the signal.

# Averag e

, the press the

softkey to select the number of averages that best

Average

softkey.

On this waveform, 256 averages were used to redu ce t he noise

2–32

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To save or recall traces

The oscilloscope has two pixel memories for storing waveforms. The following exercise guides you through how to store and recall waveforms from pixel memories.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.

Press

A softkey menu appears with five softkey selections. Four of the softkeys are trace memory functions.

Trace Trace Mem Save to

is saved to a separate memory location.

Clear Recall Setup

waveform.

Toggle the

Press the

The current display is copied to the selected memory.

Turn on the

The trace is copied from the selected trace memory and is displayed in half bright video.

Trace

Selects memory 1 or memory 2.

Saves the waveform to the selected memory. The front-panel setup

Erases the selected memory.

Turns on or off the selected memory.

Recalls the front-panel setup that was saved with the

Trace

softkey to select memory 1 or memory 2.

Save to

softkey.

Trace Mem

softkey to view the stored waveform.

2–33

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To save or recall front-panel setups

The automatic measurement functions do not operate on stored traces. Remember, the stored waveforms are pictorial information rather than stored data.

If you have not changed the oscilloscope setup, use the cursors to make

•

the measurements. If you have changed the oscilloscope setup, press the

•

Then,use the cursors to make the measurements.

Trace memory operating hint

The standard oscilloscope has volatile trace memories. When you add an interface module to the os cillos cope, the trace memories become nonvolatile.

Recall Setup

softkey.

To save or recall front-panel setups

There are 16 memories for storing front-panel setups. Saving front-panel setups can save you time in situations where several setups are repeated many times.

Press

To change the selected memory location, press either the left-most softkey or turn the knob closest to the Cursors key.

Press the

softkey to recall a front-panel setup.

2–34

Setup

Save

softkey to save a front-panel setup, then press the

Recall

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To reset the instrument setup

To reset the instrument to the default factory-preset configuration,

Setup

press

Press the

To reset the instrument to the configuration that was present before pressing

Default Setup

Autoscale

, press the

softkey.

Undo Autoscale

softkey.

Table 2-1 Default Setup configuration set ti ngs

Configuration Item Setting

Cursors Cursors off; tim e r eadout is selected; all cursors are set to time/voltage zero. Trace memories Both trace mem or y 1 and 2 are off; trace 1 mem ory is selected. Setup memories Setup memories are off; setup memory 1 is selected. Graticule Grid set to Full Autostore Off Time base Time referen ce center; main, not del ayed sweep; main and del ay value 0; 100 µs/div

main time base; sample rate is 5 MSa/s. Display Vectors On, Display Mode Normal. Channels Cha nnel 1 on, Position 0 V, Volts/Div 100 mV . Trigger Mode Auto Level, Coupling DC, Reject Off, Noise Reject Off. Trigger Condit i on Rising edge of channel 1

To use the XY dis play mode

To use the XY display mode

The XY display mode converts the oscilloscope from a volts versus time

display to a volts versus volts display. You can use various transducers so the

display could show strain versus displacement, flow versus pressure, volts

versus current, or voltage versus frequency. This exercise shows a common

use of the XY display mode by measuring the phase shift between two signals

of the same frequency with the Lissajous method.

Connect a signal to channel 1, and a signal of the same frequency but

out of phase to channel 2.

Press

Autosc al e

, press

softkey.

Center the signal on the display with the Position knobs, and use the

Volts/Div knobs and the vertical

for convenient viewing.

sin θ =

, where θ = phase shift (in degrees) between the two signals.

Main/D el ay ed

Vernier

softkeys to expand the signal

, then press the

Figure 2-23

2–36

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To use the XY dis play mode

XY display mode operating hint

Before entering xy display m ode, center both channels on screen in the main sweep and adjust sweep speed to obtain greater t han or equal to 1 cycle of the lowest frequency input signal on screen.

When you sel ect the XY display m ode, the time bas e i s turned off. Channel 1 is the X-axis i nput, channel 2 is the Y-axis input.

Figure 2-24

Press

Cursor s

Set the Y2 cursor to the top of the signal, and set Y1 to the bottom of

the signal.

Note the ∆Y value at the bottom of the display. In this example we are using the Y cursors, but you could have used the X cursors instead. If you use the X cursors, make sure you center the signal in the Y axis.

2–37

Figure 2-25

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To use the XY dis play mode

Move the Y1 and Y2 cursors to the center of the signal.

Again, note the ∆Y value.

Calculate the phase difference using formula below.

sin θ =

2–38

second

first

28.64 degrees of phase shift

∆

143.8

300.0

∆

Figure 2-26

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To use the XY dis play mode

Figure 2-27

Signals are 90° ou t of phase

Signals are in phase

2–39

Operating Your Oscilloscope

To analyze vi d e o wave fo rms

To analyze video waveforms

Enhanced TV/Vi deo Trigger

This section di scusses basic TV video triggering. If you hav e Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Tr igger installed in your oscilloscope, refer to Chapter 3 "Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Tri gger."

The TV sync separator in the oscilloscope has an internal clamp circuit. This

removes the need for external clamping when you are viewing unclamped

video signals. TV triggering requires two vertical divisions of display, either

channel 1 or channel 2 as the trigger source, and the selection of internal

trigger. Turning the trigger level knob in TV trigger does not change the

trigger level because the trigger level is automatically set to the sync pulse

tips.

For this exercise connect the oscilloscope to the video output terminals on a

television. Then set up the oscilloscope to trigger on the start of Field 2. Use

the delayed sweep to window in on the vertical interval test signals (VITS),

which are in Line 18 for most video standards (NTSC, PAL, SECAM).

Connect a TV signal to channel 1, then press

Autosc al e

Press

Polarity

Field 1

Field 2

Line

HF Rej

2–40

Displa y

Mode

Slope/ Co up li ng

Selects either positive or negative sync pulses.

Triggers on the field 1 portion of the video signal.

Triggers on the field 2 portion of the video signal.

Triggers on all the TV line sync pulses.

Controls a 500 kHz low pass filter in the trigger path.

, then press the

Peak Det

softkey.

Field 2

softkey.

Figure 2-28

Operating You r Oscilloscope

To analyze video waveforms

Set the time base to 200 µs/div, then center the signal on the display with the delay knob (delay about 800 µs). Press

Main/D el ay ed

, then press the

Set the delayed sweep to 20 µs/div, then set the expanded portion

Delayed

softkey.

over the VITS (delay about 920 µs, dependent on broadcast channel).

Frame 2 windowed on the VITS in Line 18

2–41

Delay in TV line units hint

The oscilloscope has the ability to display delay in TV-line units. Using the TV field trigger mode activates this line-counting feature. When Field 1 or Field 2 is selected as t he trigger source, del ay can be set in t erm s of time or line number.

Both-fields triggering in the oscilloscope hint

The oscilloscope can trigger on the vertical s yn c puls e in same time. Thi s allows you to view noninterlaced video sig nal s which are common in computer monitors. To trigger on both sync pulses, press Field 1 and Field 2 at the s am e time.

TV trigger operating hints

The color burs t changes phase b etween odd (Field s 1 and 3) and even (F i el ds 2 and 4). It look s double-trigge red. Increase the ho l doff to greater than t he frame width to fine tune your trigger stability. For example, use a holdoff value of around 63 ms for N TSC, and around 76 ms for PAL.

When looking at live video (usually a field) , use peak detect to im prove the appearance of the display.

When making cursor measurem ents, use Autost ore since you are usually looking for p ul se flatness and extremes.

When using li ne trigger, use minimum holdoff to display all t he l i nes. Due to the relationship between the horiz ontal and vertical sync frequenc i es the display looks like i t is untriggered, but it is very usef ul for TV waveform a nal ysis and adjustment because all of the l i nes are displayed.

both TV fields at the

2–42

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

Using Option 005 Enhanced

TV/Video Trigger

Basic T V/video trigg e r ing

This section di scusses Enhanced TV/Video triggering. If you do not have Opti on 005 installed in your oscilloscope, refer to the last section in Chapter 2 "To analyze video waveforms" for basic TV trigg eri ng procedures.

You can use the Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video trigger with your

oscilloscope. One of the first things you will want to do with your

oscilloscope’s new Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video trigger is to

become acquainted with its menu choices. Therefore, we have

written the exercises in this chapter to familiarize you with its basic

controls.

To use the TV/Video trigger, you must be familiar with your

oscilloscope. In summary, the front panel of the oscilloscope has

knobs, grey keys, and white keys. The knobs are used most often and

are similar to the knobs on other oscilloscopes. The grey keys bring

up softkey menus on the display that allow you access to many of the

oscilloscope features. The white keys are instant action keys and

menus are not associated with them. The status line of the

oscilloscope, located at the top of of the display, lets you quickly

determine the setup of the oscilloscope.

When Option 005 is installed in your oscilloscope, the

menu has the extra

Use NTSC Inst ead of PAL-M

To trigger on a PAL-M signal, use NTSC. The line and field rates are identical.

3–2

Grid

(graticule) choice of TV.

Displa y

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

Option 005 gives you an Enhanced TV/Video Trigger for the oscilloscope, allowing highly detailed analysis of TV waveforms. This option offers:

• NTSC, PAL, PAL-M, SECAM and generic video formats

• Video autoscale

• IRE graticule and IRE cursor readout

• Full bandwidth rear panel output

• Trigger output

• Windowed FFT measurements (with Measurement/Storage module)

Now, in one easy-to-use instrument, you can measure your system’s video performance as well as use your oscilloscope for troubleshooting and precision measurements. The oscilloscope’s superior display gives you bright, easily viewed displays of any part of the video waveform. No longer do you need to use a viewing hood or to be constantly adjusting intensity and focus controls.

Analysis of video waveforms is simplified by the oscilloscope’s ability to trigger on any selected line of the video signal. You can make additional measurements using the

Vertical

( you can use the rear-panel, full-bandwidth signal and trigger outputs with a spectrum instrument or frequency counter for additional measurement power.

mode in

GENERIC

standard), or

All lines, Fie ld 1, Fi e ld 2, All fields

Line

triggering modes. In addition,

3–3

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV /Video Trigger

To select TV di splay grid

To select TV display grid

•

Press

Displa y

, then press the

Grid

softkey until TV is selected.

To autoscale on a video signal

Use a cable to connect a TV signal to channel 1.

Press

select the

To select a TV standard, press

section of the front panel, then press the

the TV standard. Your cho

GENERIC

has been previously selected, you may skip this step.

Press

Mode

in the

TRIGGER

Trigger Mode TV

section of the front panel, and

softkey.

Slope/ Coupli ng

Standard

PAL, SECAM

NTSC

ices are

in the

softkey to select

, and

is used for other TV/Video standards. If your TV standard

Use NTSC Inst ead of PAL-M

To trigger on a PAL-M signal, use NTSC. The line and field rates are identical.

Mode

Provide correct source matchi ng

, then press the

Video Autos cale

softkey.

TRIGGER

GENERIC

Many TV sig nal s are produced from 75Ω sources. To provide corre ct matching to these sources, an HP 11094B 75Ω load is included as an acces sory. For oscilloscopes that ha ve selectable input impeda nce, t he 1 MΩ input should be used with the 75Ω load.

Undo Autoscale

The

to the configuration that was present before pressing

3–4

softkey in the

Setup

menu resets the instrument

Video Autosc ale

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

To trigger on a s pecific line of video

To trigger on a specific line of video

TV triggering requires greater than 1/4 division of sync amplitude, either channel 1 or channel 2 as the trigger source. Turning the trigger level knob in TV trigger does not change the trigger level because the trigger level is automatically set to the sync pulse tips.

One example of triggering on a specific line of video is looking at the vertical interval test signals (VITS), which are typically in line 18. Another example is closed captioning, which is typically in line 21.

Select the TV display, TV as the trigger mode, and the appropriate TV standard.

Press panel, then press the number of the line you want to examine by pressing the

Line

Slope/ Coupli ng

in the

Mode

softkey until

TRIGGER

Line

section of the front

appears. Select the

softkey or by rotating the knob closest to the

Trigger On

Cursor s

key.

Press the to trigger on. Your choices are

Trigger On

softkey to select the TV field of the line you want

Field 1, Field 2

, and

Alt Fld

(alternate

fields).

Alternate trig gering

If Alt Fld is selected, t he oscilloscope will alternately trigger on the selected lin e number in Fiel d 1 and Field 2. Thi s is a quick way to compare the F i el d 1 VITS and Field 2 VI TS or to check for the correct insertion of the half lin e at the end of Field 1.

When using choices of

GENERIC

Field 1, Field 2

as the TV standard, the

and

Vertical

Trigger On

softkey gives you the

3–5

Figure 3-1

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV /Video Trigger

To trigger on a s pecific line of video

Triggering on Line 71

Table 3-1 L ine Numbers per Field for Each TV Standard

TV Standard Field 1 Field 2 Alt Fld NTSC 1 to 263 1 to 262 1 to 26 2 PAL 1 to 313 314 t o 625 1 to 313 SECAM 1 to 313 314 to 625 1 to 313 GENERIC 1 to 1024 1 to 1024 1 to 1024 (Vertical)

Line Number R epresents Count

In GENERIC mode, the line number represents the number of a count instead of a real line nu m ber. This is refle cted in the label above the softkey changing from Line to Cnt. In the Trigger On selections, Fiel d 1, Field 2 and Vertical are used to indicate where the counting st arts. For an interlaced TV syste m , the counting starts from the rising edge of the first vertical serration pulse of Field 1 and/o r Field 2. Fo r a non-interlaced TV system, the counting starts aft er the rising edg e of the vertica l sy nc pulse.

3–6

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

To trigger on al l TV line sync puls es

To trigger on all TV line sync pulses

To quickly find maximum video levels, you could trigger on all TV line sync pulses. When All Lines is selected as the TV trigger mode, the oscilloscope will trigger on the first line that it finds when the acquisition starts.

Select the TV display, TV as the trigger mode, and the appropriate TV standard as described in the previous section, "To autoscale on a video signal."

Press panel, then press the

Slope/ Coupli ng

Vertical interval can be blocked The 21 lines i n the Vertical In terval can be bloc ked from this display if the Vert

Rej On mode is select ed. The three color sy nc bursts being displayed insi de the

white bars ar e on vertical inte rval lines. Thes e could be removed by selection of Vert Rej On.

in the

Mode

softkey until

TRIGGER

All Lines

section of the front

appears.

Figure 3-2

Triggering on All Lines

3–7

Figure 3-3

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV /Video Trigger

To trigger on a s pecific field of the v ideo signal

To trigger on a specific field of the video signal

To examine the components of a video signal, trigger on either Field 1 or

Field 2. When a specific field is selected, the oscilloscope triggers on the

rising edge of the first serration pulse in the vertical sync interval in the

specified field (1 or 2).

Select the TV display, TV as the trigger mode, and the appropriate

TV standard as described in the section, “To autoscale on a video

signal.”

Press

panel, then press the

Slope/ Coupli ng

Mode

in the

TRIGGER

softkey until

section of the front

Field 1

Field 2

appears.

Triggering on Fi el d 1

3–8

Equalizing pulses

Serration pul ses

Figure 3-4

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

To trigger on all fields of the video signal

To quickly and easily view transitions between fields, or to find the amplitude differences between the fields, use the All Fields trigger. The oscilloscope will trigger on the first field it finds at the start of acquisition.

Select the TV display, TV as the trigger mode, and the appropriate TV standard as described in the section, "To autoscale on a video signal."

Press panel, then press the

Slope/ Coupli ng

Mode

in the

TRIGGER

softkey until

section of the front

All Fields

appears.

Triggering on A ll Fields

3–9

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV /Video Trigger

To trigger on odd or even fields

To check the envelope of your video signals, or to measure worst case

distortion, trigger on the odd or even fields. When Field 1 is selected, the

oscilloscope triggers on color fields 1 or 3. When Field 2 is selected, the

oscilloscope triggers on color fields 2 or 4.

Select the TV display, TV as the trigger mode, and the appropriate TV

standard as described in the section, "To autoscale on a video signal."

Press

panel, then press the

The trigger circuits look for the position of the start of Vertical Sync to

determine the field. But this definition of field does not take into

consideration the phase of the reference subcarrier. When Field 1 is selected,

the trigger system will find any field where the vertical sync starts on Line 4.

In the case of NTSC video, the oscilloscope will trigger on color field 1

alternating with color field 3 (see the following figure). This setup can be

used to measure the envelope of the reference burst.

Slope/ Coupli ng

Mode

in the

TRIGGER

softkey until

section of the front

Field 1

Field 2

appears.

Figure 3-5

Triggering on Col or Field 1 Alternating with Color F ield 3

3–10

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

To trigger on odd or even fields

If a more detailed analysis is required, then only one color field should be selected to be the trigger. You can do this by using the oscilloscope’s holdoff control. Using the holdoff settings shown in the following table, the oscilloscope will now trigger on color field 1 OR color field 3 when Field 1 is selected. This is known as odd field selection. Even fields will be selected with Field 2.

Table 3-2

Figure 3-6

Holdoff Settings

Video Standard Fields/Picture Holdoff Range NTSC 4 33.5 ms to 50.0 ms PAL 8 80.7 ms to 120 ms SECAM 4 40.4 ms to 60 ms PAL-M 8 80.4 ms to 120 ms

The holdoff can be more easily set if the sweep speed is set to 5 ms/div. Once you have established your desired holdoff time, return to the desired time base setting. The holdoff setting will remain unchanged.

Triggering on Col or Field 1 using Hol doff

3–11

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV /Video Trigger

To make curs or m easurements

To make cursor measurements

The following steps guide you through the front-panel Cursors key. You can

use the cursors to make custom voltage or time measurements on the signal.

Examples of custom measurements include rise time measurements from

reference levels other than 10-90%, frequency and width measurements from

levels other than 50%, channel-to-channel delay measurements, and voltage

measurements. With Option 005 in your oscilloscope, the cursors can also be

calibrated in IRE units.

Connect a video signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.

Press

Displa y

, then press the

Grid

softkey to select

Press

A softkey menu appears with six softkey choices. Four of the softkeys are

cursor functions.

Source

calibrated to the Volts/div of the selected channel.

Active Cursor

cursors, t1 and t2 are time cursors. Use the knob below the

press the V1 and V2 softkeys simultaneously or press the t1 and t

softkeys simultaneously.

Clear Cursors

display.

Mode

Cursor s

Selects a channel for the voltage cursor measurements. The cursor is

Cursor s

TV graticule

With the TV grat i cul e ON, the voltage cursors are c al i brated in IRE unit s. With the TV grat i cul e OFF, the vol tage cursors are cal i brated in volts. IRE units onl y make sense if the video signal is scaled properl y, such as after a video autoscale.

, then press the

There are four cursor choices: V1 and V2 are voltage

key to move the cursors. To move the cursors together,

Erases the cursor readings and removes the cursors from the

Video Autos cale

softkey.

3–12

Figure 3-7

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

To make curso r m easurements

Color Sync measured with the cursors as 40 IRE

3–13

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

To use delayed sweep

Delayed sweep is a magnified portion of the main sweep. You can use

delayed sweep to locate and horizontally expand part of the main sweep for a

more detailed (high resolution) analysis of signals, for example multi-burst

frequencies. The following steps show you how to use delayed sweep.

Notice that the steps are very similar to operating the delayed sweep in

analog oscilloscopes.

Connect a signal to the oscilloscope and obtain a stable display.

Press

Main/Delayed

Press the

The screen divides in half. The top half displays the main sweep, and the

bottom half displays an expanded portion of the main sweep. This expanded

portion of the main sweep is called the delayed sweep. The top half also has

two solid vertical lines called markers. These markers show what portion of

the main sweep is expanded in the lower half. The size and position of the

delayed sweep are controlled by the Time/Div and Delay knobs. The

Time/Div next to the symbol is the delayed sweep sec/div. The delay

value is displayed for a short time at the bottom of the display.

To display the delay value of the delayed time base, either

•

press

To change the main sweep Time/Div, you must turn off the delayed sweep.

•

Since both the main and delayed sweeps are displayed, there are half as

many vertical divisions so the vertical scaling is doubled. Notice the changes

in the status line.

To display the delay time of the delayed sweep, either press

•

Main/Delayed

displayed near the bottom of the screen.

If the TV graticule is selected, notice that it is presented in both main and

delayed sweeps. For more information on delayed sweep operation, refer to

"To use delayed sweep" in Chapter 2.

Automatic measurements are controlled by the delayed sweep shown in the

following two figures.

Delayed

Main/Delayed

softkey.

or turn the delay knob. The delay value is

or turn the Delay knob.

3–14

Figure 3-8

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

To use delay ed sweep

Modulated st aircase or 5-step, m easuring sync pul se fall time with delayed sweep

Figure 3-9

Windowed frequency measurement in a multi-burst by use of delayed sweep

3–15

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV /Video Trigger

To analyze vi d e o wave fo rms wi th Option 005

To analyze video waveforms with Option 005

The combination of the TV trigger, delayed sweep, and automatic

measurements allow this oscilloscope to precisely analyze video waveforms.

There is no need for external clamping to obtain a stable trigger when you

are viewing unclamped video signals. This is because the TV sync separator

in the oscilloscope has an internal clamp circuit in the trigger path. Because

there is no clamp in the vertical path of your oscilloscope, you will be able to

observe any DC level shifts in the video on the oscilloscope display. To

eliminate this position shifting as the DC component of the video changes,

select AC coupling.

For this exercise, we connect the oscilloscope to the video output terminals

on a television. We set up the oscilloscope to view the second vertical

interval with delayed sweep windowed on the vertical interval test signals

(VITS). Then we make windowed measurements with the delayed sweep.

Connect a TV signal to channel 1, and select channel 1 as your trigger

source.

Press

panel, then press the

Select the desired TV

Slope/ Co up li ng

Standard

in the

softkey.

, such as

TRIGGER

NTSC, PAL

section of the front

, or

SECAM

Use NTSC inst ead of PAL-M

To trigger on a PAL-M signal, use NTSC. The line and field rates are identical.

Press

3–16

Mode

, then press the

Video Autos cale

softkey.

Figure 3-10

This figure shows the second ve rt i cal interval test signals displayed with delayed sweep.

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

To analyze video waveforms with Option 00 5

Set the time base to 200 µs/div, then center the signal on the display with the delay knob (delay about 800 µs). Press

Main/D el ay ed

, then press the

Set the delayed sweep to 20 µs/div, then set the expanded portion

Delayed

softkey.

over the VITS (delay about 988.8 µs).

Second VITS Dis pl ayed

3–17

Figure 3-11

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV /Video Trigger

To window in on harmonic disto rti on using FFT

To window in on harmonic distortion using FFT

Sine waves that are not perfectly shaped in the time domain generate

harmonics in the frequency domain. Viewing this distortion in the time

domain is usually very difficult, unless the waveform is severely distorted.

However, in the frequency domain, these harmonics are very apparent. Your

oscilloscope, when used with the HP 54657A, HP 54658A, or HP 54659B

Measurement/Storage module, have the ability to perform frequency domain

analysis on a time domain waveform using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).

A special case of measuring the harmonic distortion in a sine wave is found in

video applications. The 3.58 MHz color-subcarrier frequency embedded in an

NTSC composite video signal has some amount of harmonic distortion

associated with the subcarrier frequency. To measure just this signal, the

scope’s time/division and delay controls are used to zoom in on the color

burst in the time domain.

The scope contr ols are used to zoom in on t he color burst in the tim e domain

3–18

Figure 3-12

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV/Video Trigger

To window in on harmonic distortion using FFT

The FFT function then shows the harmonic content of the subcarrier in the figure below. Had the time/division and delays controls not been used to zoom in on the desired subcarrier, the entire video signal (with many frequency components) would have appeared in the frequency domain display. These frequency components would have obscured the color subcarrier and its harmonics. This example illustrates a general technique of using the time domain controls of the scope to select specific time intervals for FFT analysis.

The FFT funct io n shows that the har m oni c content of the color busrt is more than 31 dB bel ow the subcarrier

3–19

Using Option 005 Enhanced TV /Video Trigger

To connect to ot her instruments

To connect to other instruments

The rear panel outputs provide an easy way to connect your Option

005-equipped oscilloscope to other instruments such as spectrum analyzers

or frequency counters. To use a frequency counter:

Connect the vertical output of the oscilloscope to the counter’s input.

Connect the frequency to be measured to channel 1.

Press

channel 1. Adjust the counter as required.

The amplitude of the vertical output signal is proportional to the amplitude as

displayed on the oscilloscope.

The trigger source selection is the control that determines which channel’s

signal is present at the vertical output (

the oscilloscope.

Autosc ale

, then select the trigger source to be

VERT OUT

) connector on the rear of

3–20

Verifying Oscilloscope Performance 4–5 Adjusting the Oscilloscope 4–21 Troubleshooting the Oscilloscope 4–32 Replacing Parts in the Oscilloscope 4–45

Service

If the oscilloscope is under warranty, you must return it to

Hewlett-Packard for all service work covered by the warranty. See

"To return the oscilloscope to Hewlett-Packard," on page 4-4. If the

warranty period has expired, you can still return the oscilloscope to

Hewlett-Packard for all service work. Contact your nearest

Hewlett-Packard Sales Office for additional details on service work.

If the warranty period has expired and you decide to service the

oscilloscope yourself, the instructions in this chapter can help you

keep the oscilloscope operating at optimum performance.

This chapter is divided into the following four sections:

Verifying Oscilloscope Performance on page 4-5

•

Adjusting the Oscilloscope on page 4-21

•

Troubleshooting the Oscilloscope on page 4-32

•

Replacing Parts in the Oscilloscope on page 4-45. Service should be

•

performed by trained service personnel only. Some knowledge of the operating controls is helpful, and you may find it helpful to read chapter 1, "The Oscilloscope at a Glance."

4-2

Table 4-1 Recommende d li st of test equipme nt t o service the osci ll oscope

Service

Equipment Critical sp eci fications Recommended Model/Part Use

Signal gene rator 1 to 500 MHz at 200 mV

HP 8656B Option 001 P

high stability timebase

Digital mul tim eter 0.1 mV res ol ution, better than 0 . 01%

HP 34401A P, A, T

accuracy Oscilloscope 100 MHz, 1 MΩ input R HP 54600 P, T Power meter and

1 to 500 MHz ±3% accuracy HP 436A and HP 8482A P Power sensor

Power supply 14 mV to 35 Vdc, 0.1 mV resolution HP 6114A P Pulse generator Rise time ≤ 700 ps HP 8131A A Power splitter Outputs differ < 0.15 dB HP 11667B P Shorting cap BNC HP 1250-0774 P Time Mark

Stability 5 ppm after 30 minut es Tektronix TG501A and TM503 B P Generator

Dummy load

Compatible with power supply see note 2 below A Adapter SMA (f) to BNC (m) HP 1250-1787 A Adapter BNC (f-f) HP 1250-0080 P, A Adapter BNC tee (m) (f) (f) HP 1250-0781 P, A Adapter N (m) to BNC (f), Qty 3 HP 1250-0780 P Adapter BNC (f) to dual banana (m) HP 1251-2277 P Adapter Type N (m) to BNC (m) HP 1251-0082 P Cable BNC, Qty 3 HP 10503A P, A Cable BNC, 9 inches, Qty 2 HP 10502A P, A Cable Type N (m) 24 inch HP 11500B P Adapter

BNC (m) to dual banana post HP 10110B P

P = Use for Performance Verif i cation. A = Use for Adjustments. T = Use for Troub l eshooting.

See page 4-33 to construct yo ur ow n dummy load.

Used fo r Option 005 on ly

4-3

Service

To return the os cilloscope to He wl ett-Packard

To return the oscilloscope to Hewlett-Packard

Before shipping the oscilloscope to Hewlett-Packard, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales Office for additional details.

Write the following information on a tag and attach it to the oscilloscope.

Name and address of owner

•

Model number

•

Serial number

•

Description of service required or failure indications

•

Remove all accessories from the oscilloscope.

The accessories include the power cord, probes, cables, and any modules attached to the rear of the oscilloscope. Do not ship accessories back to Hewlett-Packard unless they are associated with the failure symptoms.

Protect the control panel with cardboard.

Pack the oscilloscope in styrofoam or other shock-absorbing material and place it in a strong shipping container.

You can use either the original shipping containers, or order materials from an HP Sales Office. Otherwise, pack the oscilloscope in 3 to 4 inches of shock-absorbing material to prevent movement inside the shipping container.

Seal the shipping container securely.

Mark the shipping container as

FRAGILE

4-4

Verifying Oscilloscope Performance

This section shows you how to verify the electrical performance of the oscilloscope, using the performance characteristics in chapter 5 as the standard. The characteristics checked are calibrator, voltage measurement accuracy, bandwidth, horizontal accuracy, and trigger sensitivity.

You should verify the performance of the oscilloscope when you first receive it, and every 12 months or after 2,000 hours of operation. Also, make sure you allow the oscilloscope to operate for at least 30 minutes before you begin the following procedures.

Perform self-calibration first

For the oscilloscope to meet all of the verifications tests in the ambient temperature where it will be used, the self-calibration t es ts described on page 4-25 shoul d first be performed. Allow the unit to operate for at least 30 minute s before performi ng the self-cali bration.

Each procedure lists the recommended equipment for the test. You can use any equipment that meets the critical specifications. However, the procedures are based on the recommended model or part number.

On page 4-19 of this chapter is a test record for recording the test results of each procedure. Use the test results to gauge the performance of the oscilloscope over time.

4-5

Service

Verifying Oscilloscope Performance

Table 4-2

To check the output of the

In this test you measure the output of the a multimeter and an oscilloscope. The self-calibration of the HP 54615B, HP 54616B, and HP 54616C. The accuracy of the

CALIBRATOR

provide for accurate self-calibration. The

CALIBRATOR

vertical calibration, and a square wave during delay calibration. Test limits:

DC calibrator: 5.000 V ±10 mV and 0.000 V ± 500 µV Delay calibrator: Vp-p = 900 mV ± 150 mV Vavg = –450 mV ± 75 mV Frequency = 2.46 kHz ± 100 Hz (HP 54615B/16B)

2.08 kHz

Equipment Re quired

Equipment Critical sp eci fications Recommende d

Digital Multimeter 0.1 mV resolution, better than 0.01% accuracy HP 34401A Cable BNC HP 10503A Oscilloscope 100 MHz, 1 MΩ input R HP 54600

is not specified, but it must be within the test limits to

output produces dc voltages between 0 and 5V during

CALIBRATOR

rear-panel CALIBRATOR

CALIBRATOR

100 Hz (HP 54616C)

is used for

output with

Model/Part

Connect a multimeter to the rear-panel

Press

Press the

DAC

The multimeter should measure 0.00 V dc ± 500 µV. If the result is not within the test limits, see "Troubleshooting the oscilloscope," on page 4-32.

4-6

Print/ Utilit y

Service Menu

softkey.

softkey, then the

CALIBRATOR

Self T e st

connector.

softkey, and then the

Verifying Oscilloscope Performance

Press any key once to advance the test.

The multimeter should read 5.000 V ± 10 mV. If the result is not within the test limits, see "Troubleshooting the oscilloscope," on page 4-32.

Connect an oscilloscope to the rear-panel

Press any key once to advance the test.

Obtain a stable display on the oscilloscope.

Measure Vp--p, Vavg, and the frequency of the signal.

If the results are not within the Delay Calibrator test limits stated above, see "Troubleshooting the oscilloscope," on page 4-32.

Press any key once to end this test.

CALIBRATOR

connector.

Service

4-7

Service

Verifying Oscilloscope Performance

To verify voltage measurement accuracy

In this test you verify the voltage measurement accuracy by measuring the output of a power supply using dual cursors on the oscilloscope, and comparing the results with a multimeter.

Test limits: ±2.4% of full scale* *

Full scale is defined as 56 mV on the 5 mV/div and 2 mV/div ranges. Full scale on all

other ranges is defined as 8 divisions times the V/div setting.

Table 4-3 Equipment Required

Equipment Critical sp eci fications Recommend ed

Power supply 14 mV to 35 Vdc, 0.1 mV resolution HP 6114A Digital mult i m et er Better tha n 0. 01% accuracy HP 34401A Cable BNC, Qty 2 HP 10503A Shorting cap BNC HP 1250-07 74 Adapter BNC (f) to banana ( m ) HP 1251-22 77 Adapter BNC tee (m) (f) (f) HP 1250-0781

Set up the oscilloscope.

Setup

Press

Adjust the channel 1 Position knob to place the baseline at

, then press the

Default Setup

softkey.

Model/Part

approximately 0.5 division from the bottom of the display. Set the Volts/Div to the first line of table 4-4.

Press

Displa y

, press the

Average

softkey, then set

# Average

softkey to 64. Wait a few seconds for the measurement to settle; the

letters in the status line indicate how much of the averaging process is finished by turning to inverse video as the oscilloscope performs averaging.

Press

Using the cursors knob, set the V1 cursor on the baseline of the

Cursor s

, then press the V1 softkey.

signal.

4-8

HP 54616B, 54625B, 45616C User And Service Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

A General-Purpose Oscilloscope

Accessories supplied

Accessories available

Options available

In This Book

Contents

To connect a signal to the oscilloscope

To display a signal automatically

To set up the vertical window

To expand the vertical signal

To se t up the time base

To trigger th e oscilloscope

To use roll mode

Using Color (HP 54616C only)

To select the color palettes and observe colors

To print in color

To use delay ed sweep

To use stora ge oscilloscope operation

To capture a si ngle event

To capture gli tches or narrow pu ls es

To trigger on a complex waveform

To make frequ ency measuremen ts automatically

To make time measurements au tomatically

To make voltage measuremen ts automatically

To make curso r m easurements

To remove ca bli ng errors from time interval measurements

To view asynchronous noise on a signal

To reduce the random noise on a signal

To save or recall traces

To save or recall front-panel setups

To reset the instrument setup

To use the XY dis play mode

To analyze vi d e o wave fo rms

To select TV di splay grid

To autoscale on a video signal

To trigger on a s pecific line of video

To trigger on al l TV line sync puls es

To trigger on a s pecific field of the v ideo signal

To trigger on all fields of the video signal

To trigger on odd or even fields

To make curs or m easurements

To use delayed sweep

To analyze vi d e o wave fo rms wi th Option 005

To window in on harmonic disto rti on using FFT

To connect to ot her instruments

To return the os cilloscope to He wl ett-Packard

Verifying Oscilloscope Performance

To verify voltage measurement accuracy