HP 18C Owner's Manual

HEW

LET

T -PAC

KA

R 0

HP-18C

Business

Consultant

Owner's Manual

HP·18C Business Consultant

Owner's Manual

FliU-

HEWLETT

~~

PACKARD

Edition

1 April 1986

Reorder

Number

00018-90001

y r

~

I-

Notice

The

information

contained

in

this

document

is subject to

change

without

notice.

Hewlett-Packard

makes

no

warranty

of

any

kind

with

regard

to

this

mate-

rial,

including,

but

not

limited

to,

the

implied

warranties

of

merchantability

and

fitness

for a particular

purpose.

Hewlett-Packard

shall

not

be

liable for errors

contained

herein

or

for

incidental

or

consequential

damages

in

connection

with

the

furnishing,

performance,

or

use

of

this

material.

Hewlett-Packard

assumes

no

responsibility for

the

use

or

reliability

of

its soft-

ware

on

equipment

that

is

not

furnished

by

Hewlett-Packard

.

by

Hewlett-Packard Co.

This

document

contains

proprietary

information

which

is

protected

by

copy-

right. All rights

are

reserved.

No

part

of

this

document

may

be

photocopied,

reproduced,

or

translated

to

another

language

without

the

prior

written

con-

sent

of

Hewlett-Packard

Company

.

Portable

Computer

Division

1000 N.E.

Circle

Blvd.

Corvallis,

OR

97330, U.S.A.

Printing

History

Edition

1 April 1986 Mfg.

No

. 00018-90002

Contents

1

11

List of Examples

13

How

to Use This Manual

15 15 15 16

17

20 20 20 21 22 22 23 23 23 25 25 25

29

30

31 31

Starting to

Use

the HP-18C

Installing

the

Batteries

Turning

the

HP-18C

On

and

Off

Setting

the

Display

Contrast

Using

the

Display

Using

the

Keyboard

The

. Key

The

I INPUT I Key

Doing

Arithmetic

Negative

numbers

Using a Result

in

Another

Calculation

Editing

and

Clearing

the

Calculator Line

The

History Stack

Clearing

the

Display

Using

the

Alphabetic

Keys

Using

the

Menu

Keys

The

MAIN

Menu

Changing

Menus

and

Reading

Menu

Maps

Doing Calculations Using

Menus

Making

a Graceful I

EXIT

I

Clearing

the

Display

and

Menu

Variables

When

the

HP-18C

Doesn

't

Understand

What

You

Want

31

Custom

Menus

31

How

to Use

and

Reuse Calculator

Memory

Contents

3

2

3

33 33 33 34

35

36

37 37 37

39 39

41

42 43

44

47 47

49 50

51

53 53

4

Contents

Arithmetic

Introduction Using

the

Calculator Line Simple Arithmetic Chain

Calculations Percent Other

Keyboard Arithmetic

Using Parentheses

in

Calculations

Recalling

Numbers

to

the

Calculator Line

Using

the

History Stack

The

.1

LAST I Key

Using Registers Doing Arithmetic Inside Registers

The MATH

Menu

Functions

Changing

the

Number

of

Displayed Decimal Places Interchanging

the

Period

and

Comma

in

Numbers

Scientific

Notation

General Business Calculations

Introduction Percent

Change Percent of Total Markup

on

Cost

Markup

on

Price

Clearing

the

BUS Variables

Sharing Variables Between

Menus

4

5

6

55 56

58 59

60 60 66

69

73 77

78

81 81

83 83 85

86 86

95 95

97 97 98

100

Time Value of Money

Introduction The

TVM

Menu

Cash

Flow Diagrams

and

Signs of

Numbers

TVM Calculations

Clearing

the

TVM Variables

Loan Calculations Amortization

Savings Calculations Leasing Calculations Interest Rate Conversions Clearing

the

ICONV variables

Cash Flow Calculations

Introduction The

CFLO

Menu

Using

Number

Lists

Cash

Flow Diagrams

and

Signs

of

Numbers

Entering

Cash

Flows

Viewing

and

Editing

the

List

Cash

Flow Calculations

Running Total and Statistics Calculations

Introduction The

SUM

Menu

Using

Number

Lists

Entering

Numbers

and

Viewing

the

Running

Total

Viewing

and

Editing

the

List

Statistics Calculations With

SUM Lists

103

Curve

Fitting

and

Forecasting

Contents

5

7

8

109 110 110

110 111 111 111

112

114

115

116

118

119

121

122

124

125

126

6

Contents

Working With Number Lists

Introduction How

Number

Lists are

Stored

Inserting a Number

Into

a List

Deleting a

Number

From a List

Copying

a List

Number

to

the

Calculator Line

Creating

New

Number

Lists

Naming

and

Renaming

Number

Lists

Viewing

the

List

Name

Switching

Number

Lists

(GET)

Clearing a

Number

List

Time, Alarms, and Date Arithmetic

Introduction Viewing

the

Time

and

Date

Setting

the

Time

and

Date

Changing

the

Time

and

Date Formats

Adjusting

the

Clock

Setting

Alarms

Viewing

and

Setting

an

Alarm

Editing

Alarm

Settings

Acknowledging

an

Alarm

Unacknowledged

Alarms

Clearing Alarms

Date Arithmetic

Determining

the

Day

of

the

Week for

Any

Date

Calculating

the

Number

of

Days Between Dates

Determining

Past

or

Future Dates

Clearing

the

Date

Arithmetic Variables

9

10

127 129 129 130 131 132 132 133 134 134 135

136 136 137 138 138

141 144 148

151 152 152 153 154 154

156 156

The Formula Solver

Introduction The

Formula List

The

SOLVE

Menu Entering Formulas Calculations With

Custom

Menus Clearing User-Variables Viewing Long Formulas Editing a Formula Naming

a Formula

Shared

User-Variables

Deleting

the

Current

Formula

and/or

Its UserVariables Deleting All Formulas

and/or

Their User-Variables

Summary

of

Clear

and

Delete

Operations

How

the

Solver Works

Halting

and

Restarting a Numerical Search

Entering Guesses

Writing Formulas

that

the

Solver

Understands Solver Functions Conditional

Expressions

Printing

Introduction Printing

Modes

The

Print

Annunciator

Trace

Mode

Manual

Print

Mode

Printing

Values Stored

and

Calculated Using Menus Printing

Descriptive Notes

Printing

an

Amortization

Table

Contents

7

Appendixes &

Index

159 159 161 161 162 162

162 163 163 164 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 168

169 169 170 170 171 172 173 178 178 179 180 180

181 181 182 183

8

Contents

Appendix

A:

Customer Support, Warranty, and

Service

Obtaining

Help

in

Operating

the

Calculator

Answers to

Common

Questions

Limited One-Year Warranty

What

We

Will

Do

What

Is

Not

Covered

Warranty for

Consumer

Transactions

in

the United Kingdom Obligation to Make

Changes

Warranty

Information

Determining

If

the

Calculator Requires Service

Confirming

Calculator

Operation-the

Self-Test

If

the

Calculator Requires Service

Obtaining

Service in

the

United States

Obtaining

Service in Europe

International

Service

Information

Shipping

Instructions Service Agreements Service

Charge

Warranty

on

Service

Appendix

B:

More

About

HP-18C

Calculations

IRR% Calculations

Possible

Outcomes

of

Calculating IRR%

Halting

and

Restarting

the

IRR% Calculation

Storing a Guess for IRR%

Solver Calculations

Direct Solutions Numerical Solutions

Formulas

Used

by

HP-18C

Menus Actuarial Functions General Business Time Value of

Money Amortization Interest Rate Conversions Cash

Flow Calculations

Sum

and

Statistics

Forecasting

Appendix C: Caring for and Using Your Calculator

185

Batteries

185

Low

power

indicator

185

Installing Batteries

187

Resetting

the

Calculator

188

Erasing

Continuous

Memory

189

Managing Calculator Memory

191 Calculator Maintenance 191 Clock Accuracy 192

Environmental Limits

192

Safety

and

Regulatory

Information

192

U.s.A. Radio Frequency Interference

193

South

African Radio Frequency Interference

193

Germany

Radio Frequency Interference

193

France Radio Frequency Interference

193

Air Safety Notice (U.S.A.)

195

Appendix

D:

Error Messages

201 Appendix

E:

Menu Maps

207

Index

Contents

9

List

of

Examples

The following list

groups

the

examples

by

chapter

. The list

shows

only

the

longer

examples-those

that

require a

moderate

number

of

steps.

Shorter

examples are

scattered

throughout

the

manual.

1

2

3

4

27

36

48 49

51

52 54

60 62

64

68 69

71

Starting to Use the HP-18C

Using

menus

Arithmetic

Calculating simple interest

General Business Calculations

Calculating

the

percent

change

Calculating

the

percent

of

total

Markup

on

cost calculations

Calculating

markup

as a percent of price

Using

shared

variables

Time Value of Money

A car loan A

home

mortgage

A

mortgage

with a balloon

payment

Amortization

schedule for a

home

mortgage A savings account An

Individual Retirement Account

List

of

Examples

11

5

6

8

9

10

73 74

78

88

90

92

99

101 105

118

123 125 126

128

139 146

153

156

Calculating a lease

payment

Present

value

of

a lease

with

advanced

payments

and

option

to

buy

Converting

from a

nominal

to

an

effective interest

rate

Cash Flow Calculations

Calculating IRR%

and

NPV

of

an

investment

An

investment

with

grouped

cash flows

An

investment

with

quarterly

returns

Running Total and Statistics Calculations

Updating

a checkbook Statistics calculations Curve

fitting

Time, Alarms, and Date Arithmetic

Setting

the

date

and

time

Setting

and

clearing

an

alarm

Calculating

the

number

of

days

between

two dates

Determining

a future

date

The Formula Solver

Entering a

formula

and

using a custom

menu

Using guesses

in

a numerical solution

Calculations for a loan

with

an

odd

first

period

Printing

Tracing

an

arithmetic calculation

Printing

an

amortization

table

12

List

of

Examples

How

to

Use

This Manual

We

know

that

somewhere

out

there we could find a few people

who

are delighted at

the

prospect

of

reading

an

instruction

manual

cover-

to-cover-tables,

footnotes,

and

all.

If

you are

about

to immerse

yourself

in

this manual, we wish you

happy

reading. We've worked

diligently to make it a quality work

of

non-fiction.

Chances are, though,

that

you are

one

of

the

vast majority

who

likes

to

learn

by

seeing

what

happens

when

you press keys. The

HP-18C

has

been

designed to

help

you

do

just that. We've designed

the

man-

ual

to

be a companion

to this

process-something

you

use

to

answer

particular questions

or

to guide you

through

a particular procedure.

If

you'll

be

using

the

manual

that

way, we

have

some suggestions to

help

you

learn

to use

the

HP

-18C as quickly as possible.

• Take

the

time to

read

chapter 1.

Chapter

1 gives you

an

overview

of

how

the

HP-18C

works,

and

introduces

terms

and

concepts

that

are

used

throughout

the

manual. After you've

read

chapter 1, you

will

be

ready

to

start

using all

of

the

calculator's features, reading

other

portions

of

the

manual

when

necessary.

• Match

the

problem

you

need

to solve

with

the

calculator's capabili-

ties. There are several

ways

to locate

information

about

the

HP-18C's

features:

the

table

of

contents,

the

subject index,

the

list

of examples,

and

the

menu

maps

in

appendix

E.

• Before doing

any

time-value-of-money problems or cash flow prob-

lems,

learn

how

the

calculator uses positive

and

negative

numbers

in

financial calculations. For this information, refer to pages 58

and

83.

How

to

Use

This

Manual

13

After

you've

used

the

HP-18C

and

the

manual

for a while, please

take

the

time to fill

out

and

mail

the

self-addressed

card labeled

"

Comments

on

the

HP-18C

Owner

's Manual."

We

will

benefit

from

knowing

where,

in

your

opinion, we

could

use

some

improvement

.

If

you

think

we've

done a good

job, we 'd like to

know

that

too.

14

How

to

Use

This

Manual

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-18C

Installing the Batteries

1

The

HP-18C

is

powered

by

three

N-cell alkaline batteries. Batteries

are

included

with

the

calculator.

If

the

batteries

are

not

already in-

stalled, follow

the

instructions

that

start

on

page

185.

Turning the HP-18C

On

and Off

To

turn

on

the

calculator, press I ON I. Pressing I

ON

1 again

turns

the

HP-18C

off. Since

the

HP-18C

has

Continuous

Memory,

turning

it

off

does

not

affect

the

information

you've

stored there.

To

conserve energy,

the

HP-18C

turns

itself off

ten

minutes

after you

stop

using it.

If

you see

the

low

battery

symbol (c::::J)

at

the

top

of

the

display,

you

should

replace

the

batteries as

soon

as possible. Follow

the

in-

structions

starting

on

page

185.

Setting the Display Contrast

The

display brightness

and

sharpness

depend

on

lighting, your view-

ing angle,

and

the

display contrast

setting. To

change

the

display

contrast,

hold

down

the

I

ON

1 key

while

you press

[I)

or

[I]

.

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-18C

15

Using

the

Display

Key in

the

simple

addition

problem

25 + 100

by

pressing

[]][[]GOJ[QJ[QJG. Notice

how

the

cursor

(.)

marks

the

position

where

the

characters are

displayed. When

you're

done,

the

display

should

look like

the

one

below, except

that

the

pictures

at

the

top,

called

annunciators,

won't

be

on.

Figure 1-1.

The

Display

"Shift" (. ) is active. (page

20)

\

The alpha-

betic keys are active. (page

23)

J

a

An alarm is The batteries The HP-18C past due. are low. is sending in(page 122) (page 185) formation

to

/ / /

:~:g~';~~~i

c::J

Q

Annunciators

I

Line 1 line

2

125.

121121

Line

3,

the calculator

ClEIIlD!lllli!IDImlIlmIJDmmI.

line .

Menu labels

for

the MAIN menu .

To

display the MAIN menu, press the .

key, then

1

EXIT

I.

16

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-1Se

Line 3, the calculator

line,

is

used

for arithmetic calculations.

At

times,

the

calculator line is also

used

as

an

edit

line.

Information

you type is

displayed

on

the

calculator line,

where

it

can

be

edited. Then, de-

pending

on

the

type

of

calculation you

are

doing,

some

other

key

enters

that

information

into

the

HP-18C.

The contents

of

lines 1

and 2 depend

on

the

type

of

calculation you

are doing. Sometimes those lines display a history

of

the

of

the

calculator line. At

other

times, lines 1

and

2 display a

variety of

information,

such

as results

of

calculations, lists

of

num-

bers,

the

time

and

date,

and

instruction messages.

When

you

turn

the

HP-18C

on

for

the

first time,

numbers

are

dis-

played

with

two decimal places

and

with a period

as

the

decimal

point.

You

can

change

the

number

of

decimal places,

and

you

can

also

interchange the use

of

commas

and

periods

in

numbers

(for example,

change 1,000 .00 to 1.000,00). Refer to pages 43

and

44 for

additional

information.

Using

the

Keyboard

Figure 1-2 illustrates

the

HP-18C

keyboard

and

briefly describes

the

use

of

many

of

the

keys .

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-18C

17

Figure 1-2.

The

Keyboard

Alphabetic keys. Your calculator keyboard does not show the shifted keys

on this side

of

the

keyboard.

To

Access

These

Applications:

Loans, Savings, Amort. Interest Rate Conversions

Cash Flows (IRR

%, NPV)

Press

The

Menu

Keys

DtrecUy

Below

These

Words On

The

DIsplay:

% Change, %

Of

Total,

Markup

Runnmg Total, Statistics

Days Between Oates

Set AppOintments Enter Your

Own

Formula

A

BIIII

BBB

I

{ } [ I

II.

DII

••

\ N 0

- .

..

BIIB

BBII

.@ &

(j

I I *

II

II!!!!!!.

< ) l. £ • .

BB!!IIII!!

Insert character

Delete character

18

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-18C

1.00

2.00

3.00

Enter information from the calculator line

ON/OFF

'------Move

the list pointer,

roll the history stack

__

··sn"TT

key

_-":t("\"",

and recall

numbers

ange the number

of displayed decimal places; change the decimal point (.

or

,)

keys

isplay MAIN menu

_l-H-_-Display

previous menu

-41-1+---l,..lear calculator line Backspace

Arithmetic operators

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP·18C

19

Throughout

this

manual,

boxes are

used

to indicate labeled

keyboard

ke

ys-for

example,

'INPUT

I

and

G .

The

blank

keys

under

the

display

are described according to

the

labels

above

the

key

in

the

display-for

example, _

and

I11III.

When

the

HP-18C

displays instruction messages, it uses certain

sym-

bols to indicate keys .

Square

brackets indicate

the

labeled

keys-for

example, [INPUT]

and

[

+]

. Curly braces indicate

the

blank

keys-for

example, {FIN}

and

{SOLVE

}.

The . Key

Some

of

the

keys

have a second

purpose

printed

in gold

above

the

key.

The

gold shift key accesses

these

operations. To

do

a "shifted"

operation, press

and

release . to

turn

on

the

shift

annunciator

(----1').

Then, press

the

key. For example , pressing . followed

by

[!]

(also

written

.,

CLEAR I clears

the

calculator line.

If

you press .

by

mistake, press . again to

turn

off

the

shift

annunciator.

The I INPUT I Key

The

'INPUT

I key is

used

in certain calculations to

enter

information

from

the

calculator line

into

calculator memory. Using

'INPUT

I is cov-

ered

throughout

the

manual.

Doing

Arithmetic

Arithmetic is

done

on

line

3-hence

the

name

calculator line. This is a

brief

introduction

to

the

four

operator

keys-G,

B,

0 ,

and

[I).

Arithmetic is covered

in

greater detail

in

chapter

2.

If

you

make

a

typing mistake,

use

[!]

to backspace to

the

wrong

character.

20

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-18C

To

add

721.07

and

223.89:

Keys:

721 .

070

223.89

Display:

721 .07

+223.89

944.96

Description:

The

equals sign com-

pletes

the

calculation.

Once

the

HP-18C

has

completed

a calculation, pressing

another

num-

ber

key

starts a new

calculation.

The

display

keeps

a record

of

your

previous results . Here

are

some

additional

arithmetic

problems

:

Keys:

Display:

Description:

877.35

[J

Subtraction.

930.890

-53.54

650120

780.00

Multiplication.

Negative

Numbers

There

are two

ways

to key in

negative

numbers:

• Key

in

the

number

and

then

press

~.

•

If

the

number

follows

an

operator, you

can

press

[J

before keying

in

the

number.

Keys:

Display:

Description:

75~

-75

Changes

the

sign

of

75.

830

-25.00

Calculates

-75

3.

4.

520

[J

7.1

[J

after 0

changes

the

8120

-2.67

sign

of

7.1.

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-18C

21

Using a Result in Another Calculation

As

you've

seen,

pressing a number

key

when

the

calculator

line

con-

tains a result

starts a new

calculation

.

If

you

press

an

operator

key

instead, the

HP-18C

continues

the

calculation:

Keys:

7501450

IT] 3.5 0

Display:

220.00

62.86

Description:

Calculates

75 + 145 .

Divides

220

by

3.5.

The

HP-18C

lets

you

do

chain

calculations

(calculations

based

on

the

results

of

without

using

0

at

the

conclusion

of

each

step.

Chapter 2 shows

you

how

to

do

this.

Editing and Clearing

the

Calculator Line

The

cursor

is visible

when

you

are

in

the

process

of

keying

in a num-

ber

or

doing a calculation. When

the

cursor

is visible,

pressing

[!]

deletes

the

last

character

you

keyed in.

When

the

cursor

is

not

visible,

pressing

[!]

erases

the

rightmost

number

.

To

clear

the

calculator

line

to

0.00,

press

.1

CLEAR I.

Keys:

Display:

Description:

12345

[!][!]

Edits

the

calculator

line

.

. 66

123.66

018.950

142.61

Calculates

123.66

+ 18.95 .

• 1 CLEAR I

0.00

Clears

the

calculator

line

22

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-18C

The History

Stack

Notice

how

lines 3, 2,

and 1 show

the

results of

the

current

calcula-

tion

and

the

two

that

preceded

it. This record of

your

activities is

called

the

history

stack.

Figure 1-3. The History Stack

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Line 1 } Line 2

Line 3

History

stack

Since

the

HP-18C

uses

the

display

for a variety

of

purposes,

some-

times

the

history stack is

replaced

by

other

information.

Using

the

history stack is

covered

on

page

37.

Clearing

the

Display

Pressing

.1

CLEAR

ALL

1 clears

the

history stack. Sometimes,

.1

CLEAR

ALL

1

has

other

functions. Refer to

page

31 for

additional

in-

formation

about

.1

CLEAR

ALL

I.

Using

the

Alphabetic

Keys

There are a

number

of

situations

where

the

HP-18C

requires you to

type

alphabetic

information

into

line

3.

When

line

3 is

being

used

to

type in

alphabetic

information,

the

alphabetic

annunciator

(U)

comes

on. The

editing

keys described

in

table 1-1 are active

when

the

alpha-

betic

annunciator

is on.

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-18C

23

Table

i-i.

Alphabetic editing keys.

Key

Description

~

Backspace; erases the character to the left

of

the cursor .

• 1 CLEAR I

Clears the calculator line.

a

Moves the cursor one space

to

the left.

. a

Moves the cursor to the first character on the line.

El

Moves the cursor one space

to

the right .

•

El

Moves the cursor to the end

of

the line.

[ill§]

Inserts one blank space at the cursor position, into which you can type a character.

I DEL I

Deletes the character at the cursor position.

The

keyboard

illustration

on

page

18

shows

shifted

alphabetic

char-

acters

that

aren't

printed

on

the

keyboard.

You

can

use

these

characters as you

would

any

other

alphabetic

character.

If

you press

an

alphabetic

key

when

the

(U)

annunciator

is

not

on,

the

HP-18C

displays:

PRESS EXIT,

OR

TYPE

A

MESSAGE

& PRESS [PRNTJ

•

If

you

have

the

printer

designed

for

use

with

the

HP-18C,

you

can

now

print

a message (refer to

page

156 for

additional

information).

Otherwise, you

should

press I EXIT I to erase

the

message.

Using

the

alphabetic

keys is

covered

throughout

the

manual,

as

necessary.

24

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-18C

Using

the

Menu Keys

The

six

blank

keys

at

the

top

of

the

keyboard

and

six labels

on

the

bottom

line

of

the

display

are related to

one

another. The

labels tell

you

what

the

keys do.

The

labels

are

on

the

display,

rather

than

on

the

keys themselves,

because

the

keys

do

different

things

at

different

times.

The

six keys are called menu

keys;

the

labels are called menu

labels.

Figure 1-4. Menu Keys and Menu Labels

/

-2.67

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4.

i

••••

irlil.1iS1

1W:IIlirlii

II:.

/

,

gggggg

PRINTER

MAIN

gEIIEE~

Depending

on

what

calculations you are doing,

the

HP-18C

displays

a

particular

set

of

labels, called a menu.

The

menu

presents

the

choices of

what

you

can

do

next.

The

MAIN

Menu

No

matter

which

menu

you

are

currently using, pressing

.1

MAIN I dis-

plays

the

MAIN

menu. The

MAIN

menu

is a set

of

primary

choices.

Starting

from

the

MAIN

menu,

you

can

eventually

display

any

other

menu.

Table 1-2 describes

the

types

of

operations

done

within

each

major

category.

1:

Starting

to

Use

the

HP-18C

25

Table

1·2.

The MAIN Menu

Menu

Key

Operations

Done

in

This

HP 18C Owner's Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual