Instruction Manual
HI 88703
Turbidity Meter
www.hannainst.com
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Dear Customer,
Thank you for choosing a Hanna Instruments product.
Please read this instruction manual carefully before using this instrument.
This manual will provide you with the necessary information for correct use of this instrument,
as well as a precise idea of its versatility.
If you need additional technical information, do not hesitate to e-mail us at tech@hannainst.com
or view our worldwide contact list at www.hannainst.com.
WARRANTY
HI 88703 is guaranteed for two years against defects in workmanship and materials when used
for its intended purpose and maintained according to instructions. This warranty is limited to
repair or replacement free of charge.
Damage due to accidents, misuse, tampering or lack of prescribed maintenance is not covered.
If service is required, contact the dealer from whom you purchased the instrument. If under
warranty, report the model number, date of purchase, serial number and the nature of the
problem. If the repair is not covered by the warranty, you will be notified of the charges
incurred. If the instrument is to be returned to Hanna Instruments, first obtain a Returned Goods
Authorization number from the Technical Service department and then send it with shipping
costs prepaid. When shipping any instrument, make sure it is properly packed for complete
protection.
To validate your warranty, fill out and return the enclosed warranty card within 14 days from the
date of purchase.
All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the written consent of the
copyright owner, Hanna Instruments Inc., Woonsocket, Rhode Island, 02895, USA.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
WARRANTY.......................................................................................................................... 2
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION................................................................................................. 4
GENERAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................ 4
ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................. 5
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION .................................................................................................... 5
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 7
SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................................................................... 9
GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT ............................................................... 10
START UP .......................................................................................................................... 16
RANGE SELECTION ............................................................................................................. 17
TUTORIAL MODE ................................................................................................................ 17
HELP MODE ....................................................................................................................... 18
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE FOR RATIO/NON RATIO TURBIDITY RANGE ............................... 18
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR RATIO/NON RATIO TURBIDITY RANGE ................................... 21
GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE (GLP) .................................................................................... 26
RESTORE FACTORY CALIBRATION......................................................................................... 26
LOG AND LOG RECALL ......................................................................................................... 27
SETUP ............................................................................................................................... 28
LAMP REPLACEMENT .......................................................................................................... 30
FUSE REPLACEMENT .......................................................................................................... 31
PC INTERFACE ................................................................................................................... 31
ACCESSORIES ..................................................................................................................... 31
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PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Please examine this product carefully. Make sure that the instrument is not damaged. If any
damage occurred during shipment, please notify your local Hanna Office.
Each HI 88703 Bench Turbidity instrument is supplied complete with:
• Five Sample Cuvettes and Caps
• Calibration Cuvettes for turbidimeter
• Silicone Oil
• Tissue for wiping the cuvettes
• Power cord
• Instruction Manual
• Instrument Quality Certificate
Note:Save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument functions correctly. Any
defective item must be returned in its original packing with the supplied accessories.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
HI 88703 is a high accuracy, meter that benefits from Hanna’s years of experience as manufacturer
of analytical instruments.
The HI 88703 is especially designed for water quality measurements, providing reliable and
accurate readings on low turbidity. The HI 88703 meets and exceeds the requirements of USEPA
and Standard Methods.
The instrument is based on a state-of-the-art optical system which guarantees accurate results,
assures long term stability and minimizes stray light and color interferences. It also compensates for
variations in intensity of the lamp, making no need for frequent calibration.
The 25 mm round cuvettes made from special optical glass guarantee the repeatability and consistency
of the measurements.
Turbidity measurements can be made in the 0.00 to 4000 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)
range when ratiometric measurements are used and in the 0.00 to 40.0 NTU range when non ratio
method is used. The instrument has an EPA compliance reading mode which rounds the reading to
meet EPA reporting requirements. Alternative EBC and Nephelos measuring units are available.
Depending on the measured sample and needed accuracy, normal measurement, continuous
measurement or signal averaging measurement can be selected.
A two, three, four or five-point calibration could be performed by using the supplied (<0.1, 15,
100, 750 and 2000 NTU) standards. When user prepared standards are used, the calibration points
can be modified.
HI 88703 has complete G.L.P. (Good Laboratory Practice) functions that allows traceability of the
calibration conditions. The last calibration points, time and date can be checked.
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HI 88703 has a user-friendly interface with an easy to understand, graphical LCD. All messages are
in plain text, easy to read and understand. Comprehensive contextual help is available at a simple
key press. All messages and helps are available in several languages. Confirmation and error acoustic
signals help the user during instrument operation. Furthermore, a tutorial mode of operation guides
the user step by step through the analysis process.
The instrument’s logging function offers complete information for the measurement. Up to 200
measurements can be stored in the internal memory and consulted at any time. In order to further
store or analyse, the data can be downloaded to a PC using the USB port.
ABBREVIATIONS
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units
JTU Jackson Turbidity Units
FTU Formazin Turbidity Units
USEPA US Environmental Protection Agency
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
RTC Real Time Clock
RH Relative Humidity
ID Identification
EBC European Brewery Comitee
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Turbidity is the optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed, rather than transmitted.
The scattering of the light that passes through a liquid is primarily caused by the suspended solids.
The higher the turbidity, the greater the amount of scattered light. Because even the molecules in a
very pure fluid scatter light to a certain degree, no solution will have zero turbidity.
The USEPA Method 180.1 specify the key parameters for the optical system to measure turbidity
for drinking, saline and surface water in a 0 to 40 NTU range, using the nephelometric method.
The HI 88703 instrument is designed to meet or exceed the criteria specified by the USEPA Method
180.1 and Standard Method 2130 B.
The light beam that passes through the sample is scattered in all directions. The intensity and pattern
of the scattered light is affected by many variables like wavelenght of the incident light, particle size
and shape, refractive index and color.
The optical system includes a tungsten filament lamp, a scattered light detector (900) and a
transmitted light detector (1800).
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For the ratio turbidimeter range, the microprocessor of the instrument calculates the NTU value, from
the signals that reaches the two detectors, by using an effective algorithm. This algorithm corrects
and compensates for interferences of color, making the HI 88703 instrument color-compensated.
The optical system and measuring technique compensate also for the lamp intensity fluctuations,
minimizing the need of frequent calibration.
For the non ratio turbidimeter range, the NTU value is calculated from the signal on the scattered
light detector (90°). The method offers a high linearity on the low range. The method is more
sensitive to the lamp intensity fluctuations.
The lower detection limit of a turbidimeter is determined by the so called “stray light”. Stray light
is the light detected by the sensors, that is not caused by light scattering from suspended particles.
The optical system of HI 88703 instrument is designed to have very low stray light, providing
accurate results for low turbidity samples. However, special care must be taken when measuring low
turbidities (see page 10 “General Tips for an Accurate Measurement” for sample preparation and
measuring techniques).
MEASUREMENT UNITS
The most used units for turbidity are NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). In the beer industry a
common unit is EBC (European Brewery Comitee).
The HI 88703 turbidimeter reports the measurements in NTU, EBC or Nephelos. One NTU is
equal with 0.245 EBC or 6.7 Nephelos.
Calibration and measurements are done only in NTU and the results in other units are obtained
by multiplying with the respective factors.
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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
1) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The LCD has backlight for better visibility in dark environments.
2) Keypad. Splash proof resistant.
3) Cuvette Lid. Close the cuvette lid prior to start a measurement.
4) Lamp lid and the related fixing screw
5) USB connector
6) Fuse holder
7) Mains switch
8) Mains connector
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DISPLAY DESCRIPTION
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1
2
6
5
4
ESC
RANGE
LOG
CAL
RCL
HELP
SETUP
The display contains the following fields:
1) The current time in selected format
2) Information related to the measurement
3) Functional keys
4) Currently selected parameters
5) Measuring units
6) Measured value
KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION
The keyboard contains 8 direct keys and 3 functional keys with the following functions:
The function of each of the three functional keys depends on the name
displayed on the LCD above them.
Press to return to the main screen.
When in the main screen, press to access the change parameter screen.
Press to move up in menu and help or to increment a set value.
Press to move down in menu and help or to decrement a set value. Press
to log the current reading.
Press to access calibration menu.
Press to recall the log.
Press to display the help screen.
Press to access the setup screen.
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SPECIFICATIONS
Range - non ratio mode 0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 40.0 NTU
0.0 to 99.9; 100 to 268 Nephelos
0.00 to 9.80 EBC
Resolution - non ratio mode 0.01; 0.1 NTU
0.1; 1 Nephelos
0.01 EBC
Range - ratio mode 0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 99.9; 100 to 4000 NTU
0.0 to 99.9; 100 to 26800 Nephelos
0.00 to 9.99; 10.0 to 99.9; 100 to 980 EBC
Resolution - ratio mode 0.01; 0.1; 1 NTU
0.1; 1 Nephelos
0.01; 0.1, 1 EBC
Range selection Automatically
Accuracy ±2% of reading plus 0.02 NTU (0.15 Nephelos; 0.01 EBC)
±5% of reading above 1000 NTU (6700 Nephelos; 245 EBC)
Repeatibility ±1% of reading or 0.02 NTU (0.15 Nephelos; 0.01 EBC)
whichever is greater
Stray Light < 0.02 NTU (0.15 Nephelos; 0.01 EBC)
Light Detector Silicon Photocell
Method Nephelometric method (90°) or Ratio Nephelometric Method
(90° & 180°), Adaptation of the USEPA Method 180.1 and
Standard Method 2130 B.
Measuring mode Normal, Average, Continuous.
Turbidity Standards <0.1, 15, 100, 750 and 2000 NTU
Calibration Two, three, four or five-point calibration
Light Source Tungsten filament lamp
Lamp life greater than 100,000 readings
Display 40 x 70 mm graphic LCD (64 x 128 pixels) with backlight
LOG Memory 200 records
Serial Interface USB
Environment 0 °C (32 °F) to 50 °C (122 °F); max 95% RH non-condensing
Power supply 230 V/50 Hz or
115 V/60 Hz 20 W
Auto Shut-off After 15 minutes of non-use
Dimensions 230 x 200 x 145 mm (9 x 7.9 x 5.7”) L x W x H
Weight 2.5 Kg (88 oz.)
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GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT
HI 88703 is a highly accurate meter for turbidity. To meet the instrument’s performance and fully
benefit of its features, it is very important for the analyst to use proper measurement techniques for
accurate, precise and repeatable readings. Special care must be taken during sample preparation and
handling. The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during measuring and calibration
to ensure best accuracy.
GENERAL RULES
• Always put the instrument on a flat, rugged surface when taking measurements.
• Do not operate in direct sunlight.
• Keep the lid of the instrument closed when it is not used to prevent dust or dirt entering inside.
• Always close the lid of the instrument during measurement.
• Always use cuvettes without scratches or cracks because they can cause inaccurate readings.
• Always cap the cuvettes to avoid spillage of the sample into the instrument.
• Do not use too much oil to prevent contamination of the optical system.
• If possible use indexed and matched cuvettes.
CUVETTE
The cuvette is part of the optical system in all measurements. The light reaches the sample by
passing through the cuvette glass. As a result, the measurement can be affected by the glass
imperfections, dirt, dust, scratches, or fingerprints present on the cuvette surface. Special care
must be taken in preparing and handling the cuvette.
Note: If you are using multiple cuvettes, always match the cuvettes.
CUVETTE HANDLING
The cuvettes should be free of scratches or cracks. Any cuvette with visible scratches will be
discarded. The cuvettes should be periodically washed with acid. After washing, the cuvettes
should be well rinsed multiple times with distilled or deionized water. Allow cuvettes to air-dry
and store them for long periods of time with caps, to avoid dirt entering inside. Always handle
the cuvette by touching only the cap or its top side (over the horizontal line).
Always store the cuvettes in separate boxes or with separators between them to avoid scratches
on the surface.
CUVETTE PREPARATION
Whenever a cuvette is used, it must be clean inside and outside. When it is placed into the
instrument, it must be dry outside, completely free of fingerprints or dirt.
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If the cuvette is not indexed, put the cuvette with the factory mark aligned with the sign on the
instrument top.
CUVETTE OILING
To hide minor imperfections and scratches, the cuvettes should be oiled outside with the supplied
silicone oil. This is very important, especially for low turbidity samples (< 1 NTU), otherwise
scratches can contribute and alter turbidity readings.
The silicone oil has the same refractive index as the glass and will not alter the turbidity readings.
It is important to apply only a thin layer of silicone oil.
Warning: Do not apply silicone oil in excess because it may retain dirt or contaminate the cuvette
holder of the instrument, altering the turbidity readings.
It is very important to apply the silicone oil on a clean, dry cuvette. Apply a few drops of oil and wipe
the cuvette thoroughly with a lint-free cloth. Wipe off the excess oil till you obtain a thin, uniform
layer. If the procedure is correctly followed, the cuvette should appear nearly dry with no visible oil.
Note: The supplied cloth for oiling should be stored together with the silicone oil bottle and
cuvettes, taking care to avoid contamination with dirt. After a few oiling procedures, the cloth
will contain enough oil to wipe the bottle with it without adding more oil. From time to time
add some drops of oil on the cuvette to provide the necessary oil quantity in the cloth.
INDEXING A CUVETTE
It is very important for low turbidity readings to always insert the cuvette into the instrument in
the same position.
All cuvettes are factory indexed. This index can be used to put the cuvette with the factory mark on
the cuvette aligned with the sign on the instrument top.
To further reduce the effect of glass imperfections, the cuvette can be indexed and use this new index
as the position mark.
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For indexing one cuvette or matching multiple cuvettes, the continuous reading mode is suggested.
In this mode multiple successive readings are taken without turning off the lamp. The turbidity is
immediately displayed, reducing considerably the measurement time.
Note: The instrument can not perform continuous readings if the average mode is on.
In order to index a cuvette follow the next steps:
• Fill the cuvette with high quality water (<0.1
NTU) up to the 10 mL mark.
• Clean and oil the cuvette as described before.
• Turn the instrument ON.
• Insert the cuvette into the instrument and press
the Read key. Record the reading.
• Open the instrument lid, slightly rotate the
cuvette and take a new reading.
• Repeat the last step until you read the lowest NTU value.
• Alternatively, keep the Read key pressed to make continuous readings. After the first value is
displayed, open the lid and start rotating the cuvette until the lowest NTU value is displayed.
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• Mark this position on the thicker white band on
the top of the cuvette with a water resistant
pencil.
• Always use this position to align it with the
sign on the instrument top.
MATCHING MULTIPLE CUVETTES
Precise measurements require the use of a single cuvette. If it is not possible, cuvette selection
and matching must be performed before taking measurements.
In order to match multiple cuvettes follow the next
steps:
• Fill some cuvettes with high quality water
(<0.1NTU) up to the 10 mL mark.
• Clean and oil the cuvettes as described before.
• Turn the instrument ON.
• Insert the first cuvette into the instrument and
press the Read key. Record the reading.
• Mark this position on the thicker white band on
the top of the cuvette with a water resistant
pencil.
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• Insert the second cuvette into the instrument
and take a reading.
• Open the instrument lid, slightly rotate the
cuvette and take a new reading.
• Repeat the last step for the second cuvette until the reading is within 0.01 NTU of the value
obtained for the first cuvette.
• Alternatively, keep the Read key pressed and, after the first value is displayed, open the lid and
start rotating the cuvette until the read value matches the first cuvette.
• Mark this position on the second cuvette with a water resistant pencil.
• Follow the same procedure for all the cuvettes you need.
Note: If the cuvette is indexed, use the index to position it in the instrument.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
When taking turbidity measurements it is very important to select a representative sample. For
consistent results, follow the next tips when sampling:
• Gently mix the water before taking the sample.
• If the sample is taken from a pipe, discard the first few liters.
• If measuring a non uniform source, collect samples from different places and mix them.
When measuring the collected sample, keep in mind the following:
• Samples should be analyzed immediately after collection because the turbidity can change in time.
• To avoid dilution of the sample it is better to rinse the cuvette with a quantity of sample and then
discard. Only after this you can fill the cuvette with sample.
• Pay attention that cold samples do not condense on the sample cell.
REMOVING AIR BUBBLES (TURBIDITY only)
Any air bubbles present in the sample will cause high turbidity readings. To obtain accurate
measurements, remove the air bubbles using one of these methods:
• Application of a partial vacuum;
• Addition of a surfactant, such as Triton X-100;
• Use of an ultrasonic bath;
• Heating the sample.
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Sometimes it is necessary to combine two or more methods for efficient air bubble removal.
Note: Each method can alter the sample turbidity, if misused, so they have to be used with caution.
APPLICATION OF VACUUM
Vacuum works by decreasing the atmospheric pressure. In this way the bubbles from the solution
came out to the surface. Application of vacuum is a very simple procedure and can be applied with
any vacuum source at hand. The simplest equipment at hand is a syringe and a rubber stopper for
vacuum degassing.
Notes: • Pay attention that the vacuum equipment be clean and oil-free.
• It is not recommended to apply vacuum to a viscous sample that contains volatile
components. In such cases the vacuum can determine the volatile component of the
viscous sample to increase the bubbles from the sample.
ADDITION OF SURFACTANT
Surfactant addition works by changing the surface tension of the water. In this way bubbles are
released from the sample. This method is effective in samples that are supersaturated with air.
The procedure consists in the addition of a drop of surfactant in the cuvette before adding the sample
to be analyzed.
A convenient surfactant to use for degassing is Triton X-100.
Warning: Pay attention that changing the surface tension will cause a rapid settling of particles that
cause turbidity. To avoid this problem, analyze as soon as possible the sample.
Do not shake vigorously the sample because the surfactant may foam. If you are using the same
cuvette, rinse it before adding a new sample in order to avoid surfactant accumulation.
Surfactant contribution to the turbidity readings is negligible.
Note: Surfactant addition should be used for degassing only when other methods are ineffective.
USE OF AN ULTRASONIC BATH
The ultrasonic waves are very effective in removing air bubbles from samples. However, ultrasonic
waves should be used with care because they can alter sample turbidity characteristics, by modifying
the shape and size of particles which cause turbidity. The ultrasonic waves can also break the existing
air bubbles, leading to a complication of the degassing process.
In order to avoid excess application of the ultrasonic waves you can apply ultrasound until all visible
air bubbles are removed, and then measure the sample turbidity. This is the most used procedure for
degassing.
If you are not sure that all air bubbles were removed, apply ultrasonic waves again for a short period
of time and then measure the turbidity. Repeat this procedure until the turbidity is increasing instead
of decreasing, sign that turbidity of the sample was altered.
In order to degas a sample fill a clean cuvette with sample and immerse it (1/2 to 2/3 immersed)
in an ultrasonic bath. Follow the degassing procedure described above. Only after the degassing
procedure is finished the cuvette can be capped.
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HEATING THE SAMPLE
Use of heat to remove air bubbles, although very effective in some cases, should be handled with care
because it can alter the turbidity of the sample. When heating a sample, the volatile components
from the sample can vaporize, the suspended components can dissolve or the sample characteristics
can change.
Therefore, the heating procedure should be used with extreme care.
The best way is to use a warm water bath and immerse the cuvette with sample into the bath. Heat
the sample only until the visible bubbles are removed.
Note: Always cool the heated sample to the original sample temperature before measurement.
The heating procedure can be used in combination with vacuum or ultrasonic waves application for
a more effective air bubble removal.
START UP
The HI 88703 Turbidity bench is supplied with all necessary accesories for making measurements.
Unpack the instrument and place it on a flat surface. Do not place the instrument under dirrect
sunlight.
Connect the instrument to the mains with the provided power cord. Pay attention that the mains
voltage match the value printed on the back of the instrument.
Switch on the instrument. On the LCD, the Hanna Logo will appear for a short time, followed by the
main screen for ratio turbidity measurements.
The instrument loads the selected language. If no language can be loaded the instrument will work
in the “safe mode”. In “safe mode” all the messages are displayed in English and tutorial and help
information are not available.
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RANGE SELECTION
The HI 88703 instrument has two measuring
ranges: Ratio Turbidity, Non Ratio Turbidity. When
the instrument is in the main screen, the selected
range is displayed in the right side of the LCD, on
the message line.
To change the range, press the RANGE key.
When the display shows the Change parameter
screen, press s or t keys until the new range is
highlighted.
Press the CFM key to select the new range. The
instrument returns to the main screen.
TUTORIAL MODE
The HI 88703 has a unique Tutorial Mode that provides additional information to help the
unexperienced user during the measurements. The instruments display a screen, with explanations
and confirmation button, each time when a preparation or other operation has to be performed by
the operator. The instrument resumes the measuring sequence when the operator confirms that the
requested operation was done.
To disable this mode, when in the main screen,
press the SETUP key to enter the setup, and then
press t key until the “Tutorial” line is highlited.
Press the Disable key and then press ESC to
return to the main screen.
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HELP MODE
The HI 88703 offers an interactive context help mode that assists the user at any moment.
To access help screens, just press HELP.
Depending which menu you are in, a screen with
additional information will appear. To read all
available data, scroll down or up the text using the
s or t keys.
Press the Support key to access a page with Hanna
support centers and their contact details.
Press the Accessories key to access a page with
instrument accessories.
To exit support or accessories screens press ESC
and the instrument will return to the previous help
screen.
To exit help mode just press the HELP key again and the meter will display the previously selected
screen.
MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE FOR RATIO /
NON RATIO TURBIDITY RANGE
When taking turbidity measurements, several basic rules should be followed:
• Always use cuvettes without scratches or cracks because they can cause inaccurate readings.
• Always cap the cuvettes to avoid spillage of the sample into the instrument.
• Always close the lid of the instrument during measurement.
• Do not use too much oil to prevent contamination of the optical system.
To take turbidity measurements, follow the next steps:
• Turn the instrument ON by pressing ON/OFF. When
dashes are displayed on the LCD, the instrument is
ready. The current time appears on the upper left
corner of the display and the range name appears
on the lower right corner.
• Fill a clean, dry cuvette with 10 mL of sample up
to the mark, taking care to handle the cuvette by
the top.
• Replace the cap.
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• Wipe the cuvette thoroughly with a lint-free
cloth to remove any fingerprints, dirt or water
spots.
• Apply silicone oil on the cuvette and wipe with
a lint-free cloth to obtain an even film over the
entire surface of the cuvette.
Note: It is very important to oil the cuvette,
especially for low turbidity values (< 1
NTU) to hide the glass imperfections
which can influence the reading.
• Place the cuvette into the instrument. Align
the mark from the cuvette with the sign on the
instrument top
• Close the lid.
Note: If you have a cuvette with indexing mark,
place the cuvette into the instrument with
the indexing mark aligned with the sign on
the instrument top.
NORMAL MEASUREMENT
This type of measurement is best suited for regular readings, when the sample is stable and normal
accuracy is required. In normal mode, the measurement takes about 10 seconds and the lamp is ON
for a minimum period of time (about 7 seconds).
• Press the Read key to take the measurement.
The display will show “READ” in the left side
and blinking dashes. The dashes and lamp icon
will appear during different measurement
phases.
• The result is displayed in the selected units.
CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT
This measurement mode is suitable when many measurements have to be taken in a short period of
time. The mode is useful to evaluate a very fast settling sample. This measurement mode is
recommended for indexing cuvettes.
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• Press the Read key and keep it pressed to take continuous readings.
The display will show “READ” in the left side and blinking dashes. The dashes and lamp icon will
appear during different measurement phases. The first value is displayed after 10 seconds and then
a new reading is displayed each second as long as the Read key is kept pressed. When a new value
is displayed, the measurement value will briefly blink.
The last value remains on the display after the Read key is released.
AVERAGED MEASUREMENT
This measurement mode is useful when samples that cause unstable readings are analyzed. By
averaging several readings, noise effect is reduced and accurate measurements can be taken.
This mode can also be selected when high accuracy measurements are needed. In the average mode
10 measurements are averaged in a short period of time (about 20 seconds).
To use the averaged reading mode first enter setup and enable the Average reading mode. The “AVG”
text will be displayed in the left side of the screen.
• Press the Read key to take the measurement.
The display will show “READ” in the left side and
blinking dashes. The icon for lamp will appear
during different measurement phases. The first
value is displayed after 10 seconds and then a new
average of the available readings is displayed each
second. When a new value is displayed, the
measurement value will blink briefly. The last
averaged value remains on the display at the end
of the measurement.
HI 88703 automatically selects the correct turbidity
range to display the results with the highest
accuracy. If the measured value is higher than 4000
NTU (980 EBC or 26800 Nephelos), the display
will show the maximum value blinking and the
message “Out of range” on the message line.
UNITS CHANGE
To change the units, simply press the Unit key when a measurement is available. The Nephelos
value is obtained by multiply with 6.7 the NTU value. The EBC value is obtained by multiply with
0.245 the NTU value.
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UTN tseraeNotdnuoR
0.1-0.0 50.0
01-1 1.0
04-01 1
001-04 5
004-001 01
0001-004 05
0001> 001
EPA MODE
To round the readings as EPA specifications press
the EPA key. The “EPA” text is displayed on the
left side of the LCD and the reading is rounded as
follows:
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR RATIO /
NON RATIO TURBIDITY RANGE
HI 88703 has a powerful calibration function that compensates for lamp aging or changing. The
calibration can be done using the suplied calibration solutions or user prepared standards.
HI 88703 turbidimeter is supplied with 5 AMCO standards: <0.1 NTU, 15 NTU, 100, 750 NTU
and 2000 NTU. The Hanna standards are specially designed for this instrument. Turbidity standards
have a shelf life and should not be used after the expiration date. Alternatively, formazin standards
can be used. It is recommended that the turbidity value of the prepared calibration solutions to be
close to the default calibration points.
The first calibration point should be near 0 NTU, the second point can be chosen between 10 and
20 NTU, the third point between 50 and 150 NTU, the fourth point between 600 and 900 NTU and
the fifth point between 1500 and 2500 NTU.
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FORMAZIN PREPARATION
In order to prepare formazin 4000 NTU stock solution, follow the next procedure:
Solution I : Dissolve 1.000 grams of hydrazine sulfate, (NH2)2 H2SO4, in distilled, deionized water
and dilute to 100 mL in a volumetric flask.
Warning: Handle hydrazine sulfate with care because it is a carcinogen reagent. Avoid inhalation,
ingestion, or skin contact. Formazin solution can also contain some hydrazine traces.
Solution II : Dissolve 10.000 grams of hexamethylenetetramine, (CH2)6N4, in distilled, deionized
water and dilute to 100 mL in a volumetric flask.
Stock solution: Mix 10 mL Solution I and 10 mL Solution II in a flask. Let the stock solution stays
48 hours at 25 ±3 °C (77 ±5 °F). This will result in a 4000 NTU formazin suspension. It is very
important for the formation of the formazin polymer to maintain the same temperature.
The stock solution (4000 NTU) can be stored up to one year in proper conditions. Store formazin in
amber glass bottle or any UV-light blocking bottle.
To obtain a high quality formazin always use pure reagents and high-purity water.
To prepare the calibration standards, dilute the stock solution with the same high-purity water you
used for the preparation of the stock solution. The diluted formazin solutions are not stable. They
should be used immediately after preparation and discard immediately after use.
CALIBRATION
For best results, the measurement techniques must be followed during calibration. If formazin
standards are used, mix the cuvettes gently for about 1 minute and then allow the standard to settle
for 1 more minute before calibration.
Calibration can be performed in two, three four or five points. Calibration of the ratio turbidity range
will not affect the non ratio turbidity range.
Before making the calibration, assure that you are on the correct range.
To enter calibration, press CAL key while in main
screen. The first screen of GLP information is
displayed. Press the Cal key to start calibration.
It is possible to interupt calibration procedure at
any time by pressing CAL CHECK key .
TWO-POINT CALIBRATION (Ratio and Non Ratio Turbidity)
• The first calibration point is displayed on the
LCD as 0.00 NTU. This point is used to check the
quality of the water used for dilution and to confirm
that the optical system is not dirty. If the value of
the first point is over 0.15 NTU, a warning “Cal
Point1 high !” is displayed when the calibration is saved and a warning “Out of calibration
range” is displayed when measurements under 10.0 NTU are performed.
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Note:The reading of the first point colud be skipped by pressing the Skip key. In this case, the
0.00 NTU point will be used for calibration.
• Place the <0.1 NTU standard cuvette (or the
cuvette with dilution water) into the holder and
ensure that the cuvette mark is aligned with the
sign on the instrument top.
• Close the lid and press the Read key. The
display will show the value blinking and the lamp
icon during measurement.
Note:If the Average mode was previously selected, the measurement in calibration mode will be
done using the average.
• At the end of the measurement, the second
proposed calibration point (15.0 NTU) is
displayed.
• Remove the first standard cuvette.
• Place the 15 NTU standard cuvette (or the second
formazyne prepared standard) into the holder, with
the cuvette mark aligned with the sign on the
instrument top.
Note:If necessary, press s or t key to edit
each calibration point value to match the
exact value of the standard as measured
with a reference turbidimeter.
• Close the lid and press the Read key. The
display will show the value blinking and the lamp
icon during measurement.
• If Non ratio Turbidity range is selected, the
display will briefly show “Store...” and the two
point calibration is saved. The instrument returns
in the main screen.
• If Ratio Turbidity range is selected, at the end of
the measurement, the third proposed calibration
point (100 NTU) is displayed.
• At this moment it is possible to exit calibration
by pressing the End key.
• If the calibration is terminated, the display will
briefly show “Store...” and the two point
calibration is saved. The instrument returns in the
main screen.
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THREE-POINT CALIBRATION (Ratio Turbidity only)
To perform a three-point calibration, continue the procedure with the following steps:
• Remove the second standard cuvette.
• Place the 100 NTU standard cuvette (or the
third prepared formazin standard) into the holder,
with the cuvette mark aligned to the sign on the
instrument top.
• Close the lid and press the Read key. The display
will show the value blinking and the lamp icon
during measurement.
• At the end of the measurement, the fourth
proposed calibration point (750 NTU) is
displayed.
• At this moment it is possible to exit calibration
by pressing the End key.
• If the calibration is terminated, the display will
briefly show “Store...” and the three point
calibration is saved. The instrument returns in the
main screen.
FOUR-POINT CALIBRATION (Ratio Turbidity only)
To perform a four-point calibration, continue the
procedure with the following steps:
• Remove the third standard cuvette.
• Place the 750 NTU standard cuvette (or the
fourth prepared formazin standard) into the holder,
with the cuvette mark aligned to the sign on the
instrument top.
• Close the lid and press the Read key. The
display will show the value blinking and the lamp
icon during measurement.
• At the end of the measurement, the fifth proposed
calibration point (2000 NTU) is displayed.
• At this moment it is possible to exit calibration
by pressing the End key.
• If the calibration is terminated, the display will
briefly show “Store...” and the four point
calibration is saved. The instrument returns in the
main screen.
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FIVE-POINT CALIBRATION (Ratio Turbidity only)
To perform a five-point calibration, continue the procedure with the following steps:
• Remove the fourth standard cuvette.
• Place the 2000 NTU standard cuvette (or the
fourth prepared formazin standard) into the holder,
with the cuvette mark aligned to the sign on the
instrument top.
• Close the lid and press the Read key. The
display will show the value blinking and the lamp
icon during measurement.
• At the end of the measurement, the calibration
is saved and the display will briefly show
“Store...”. The instrument returns in the main
screen.
CALIBRATION ERROR MESSAGES
If the value of the standard read during the calibration is too far from the set value, the instrument
will display a standard low or a standard high message.
Check if the correct standard is used or prepare a fresh standard, if formazine is used, and repeat the
reading of the standard.
If the calculated calibration coefficients are outside
a certain range a calibration error message is
displayed.
OUT CAL RANGE FUNCTION
The instrument has a mechanism to prevent taking
measurements in a range where the calibration does
not assure the best results. The message “Out of
Calibration Range” is displayed on the message
line in the following situations:
•When the forst calibration point is over 0.15 NTU and the reading is under 10 NTU.
•When two point calibration was performed and the reading value is over 40 NTU.
•When a three point calibration was performed and the reading is over 150% of the the third point value.
•When a four point calibration was performed and the reading is over 200% of the the fourth point value.
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GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE (GLP)
The HI 88703 has built in complete GLP information. The calibration date and the calibration points
are displayed in a comprehensive mode for each range.
To display the GLP information, simply press CAL key. A screen with instrument serial number and
with information about the calibration is displayed. For further information, press the GLP key.
The GLP contains:
• Instrument serial number
• The last user calibration date, in selected
format and time in hh.mm format. If no calibration
was performed, the “Factory Calibration” message
is displayed.
• Parameter as Ratio Turbidity or Non Ratio
Turbidity.
• The value of each calibration point (up to
5 points for ratio turbidimeter and 2 points for non
ratio turbidimeter). If the first calibration point was
skipped, the 0.00 value is displayed.
RESTORE FACTORY CALIBRATION
To restore the factory calibration for the currently
selected range, press CAL key when in the main
screen. The first screen for the GLP is displayed.
Press the Delete key to initiate the calibration delete
procedure and then press the CFM key to delete the
user calibration and restore the Factory calibration.
Note: Only the user calibration for the current
selected range is deleted.
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LOG AND LOG RECALL
The HI 88703 has a powerful log function that could store up to 200 records.
Each record contains:
• the measuring range,
• the reading value,
• the measuring units,
• the date and time of the measurement,
• the current log number.
Notes:• The log can be saved only after a measurement is completed.
• A measurement can be saved only once.
LOG SAVE
To log a record, simply press LOG key after the
measurement is completed. A record number is
assigned to each logged measurement. Each
reading can be stored only once.
LOG RECALL
The log can be consulted at any time by simply
pressing RCL key.
To exit log consulting, press RCL key again.
The log content is displayed one record at a time,
starting with the most recent one. The information
regarding one record is displayed in one screen.
To browse the log press the s or t keys.
LOG DELETE
The last log or all logs can be deleted.
To delete the last log, simply press the Delete
key when the last log is displayed. The log will
be deleted and the next log is immediately
displayed.
To delete all logs, press the DelAll key. A
confirmation screen is displayed. Press the CFM
key to confirm the action. The log will be deleted
and the instrument returns in the main screen.
Note: The records for all parameters are deleted when this action is performed.
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SETUP
In the Setup mode, the instrument’s parameters, can be changed. Some parameters affect the
measuring sequence and others are general parameters that change the behaviour or appearence of
the instrument.
The setup mode may be accessed from the main screen by pressing the SETUP key.
Press ESC or SETUP to return to the main screen.
A list of setup parameters will be displayed with
currently configured setting. Press HELP for
aditional information.
Press the ARROW keys to select the parameter
and depending to the parameter type, select the
new value as follows.
Backlight
Values: 0 to 8.
Press the Modify key to access the backlight value.
Use the s or t keys (alternatively, the ⊳ u
functional keys) to increase or decrease the value.
Press the Accept key to confirm or ESC to return to
the setup menu without saving the new value.
Contrast
Values: 0 to 20.
This option is used to set the display’s contrast.
Press the Modify key to change the display’s
contrast.
Use the s or t keys (alternatively, the ⊳ u
functional keys) to increase or decrease the value.
Press the Accept key to confirm the value or ESC to return to the setup menu without saving the new
value.
Average
Option: Enabled or Disabled.
This option is used to enable/disable averaged
measuring mode. If enabled, the instrument takes
10 readings and display the resulting average
value. The partial average is displayed during
measurement. Press the functional key to enable
or disable this option.
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Date / Time
This option is used to set the instrument’s date and time.
Press the Modify to change the date/time.
Press the ⊳ u functional keys to highlight the value to be
modified (year, month, day, hour, minute or second). Use the
s or t keys to change the value.
Press the Accept key to confirm or ESC to return to the setup
without saving the new time or date .
Time format
Option: AM/PM or 24 hours.
Press the functional key to select the new value.
Date format
Press the Modify key to change the Date Format.
Use the s or t keys to select the desired format.
Press the Accept key to confirm or ESC to return to the setup
menu without saving the new format.
Language
Press the corresponding key to change the language.
If the new selected language cannot be loaded, the previously
selected language will be reloaded.
Tutorial
Option: Enabled or Disabled.
If enabled this option will provide the user short guides on the
screen.
Press the functional key to enable/disable the tutorial mode.
Beep On
Option: Enabled or Disabled.
When enabled, a short beep is heard every time a key is
pressed.
A long beep alert sounds when the pressed key is not active or
a error condition is detected.
Press the functional key to enable/disable the beeper.
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Instrument ID
Option: 0 to 9999.
This option is used to set the instrument’s ID (identification
number). The instrument ID is used while exchanging data
with a PC.
Press the Modify key to access the instrument ID screen. Press
the s or t keys in order to set the desired value. Press the
Accept key to confirm the value or ESC to return to the setup
menu without saving the new value.
Meter information
Press the Select key to view the Instrument model, firmware
version, language version and instrument serial number.
Press ESC to return to the Setup mode.
LAMP REPLACEMENT
The instrument tungsten lamp has a life longer than 100,000 measurements. In case of lamp
failure, the defective lamp can be easily replaced. When the lamp is broken, the instrument displays
a lamp error message.
To replace the lamp follow the next steps:
• Power off the instrument and take out the power cord.
• Remove the fixing screw of the lamp lid.
• Remove the lamp lid.
• Unscrew the lamp leads from connector.
• Unlock the lamp and extract it by pulling it out from
the lamp holder handler.
• Place the new lamp in the right position and push it
until is securely locked.
• Insert the lamp leads into the connector and tight them using a screwdriver.
• Place back the lamp lid and secure with the screw.
Warning: After lamp replacement the meter has to be recalibrated.
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FUSE REPLACEMENT
To change the fuse follow next steps:
•Disconnect the power cord from the rear panel of the instrument.
•Pull out the fuse holder located near the power cord connector.
•Replace the fuse with a similar one.
•Push the fuse holder with the fuse in the appropriate place.
PC INTERFACE
Log data download from the instrument to the PC can be done with the HI 92000 Windows
compatible software (optional). HI 92000 also offers graphing and on-line help features. Data can
be exported to the most popular spreadsheet programs for further analysis.
To connect your instrument to a PC, use a standard USB cable. Make sure that your instrument is
switched off. Plug one connector to the instrument’s USB socket and the other to the USB port of your PC.
Please reffer to the HI 92000 software to download the data from the instrument.
ACCESSORIES
REAGENT SETS
HI 93703-58 Silicon oil (15 mL)
HI 88703-11 Calibration set for turbidimeter(<0.1, 15, 100 750 and 2000 NTU)
OTHER ACCESSORIES
HI 731318 Tissue for wiping cuvettes (4 pcs.)
HI 731331 Glass cuvettes (4 pcs.)
HI 731335N Caps for cuvettes (4 pcs.)
HI 740234 Replacement lamp for EPA turbidimeter (1 pcs.)
HI 92000 Windows® compatible software
HI 93703-50 Cuvettes cleaning solution (230 mL)
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USERS
Before using this product, make sure that it is entirely suitable for your specific application and for the
environment in which it is used.
Operation of this instrument may cause unacceptable interferences to other electronic equipments, requiring
the user to follow all necessary steps to correct interferences.
Any variation introduced by the user to the supplied equipment may degrade the instrument’s EMC
performance.
To avoid damage or burns, do not put the instrument in microwave ovens. For your own and the
instrument safety do not use or store the instrument in hazardous environments.
Hanna Instruments reserves the right to modify the design, construction or appearance of its
products without advance notice.
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Hanna Instruments Inc.
Highland Industrial Park
584 Park East Drive
Woonsocket, RI 02895 USA
Technical Support for Customers
Tel. (800) 426 6287
Fax (401) 765 7575
E-mail tech@hannainst.com
www.hannainst.com
Local Sales and Customer Service Office
Printed in ROMANIA
MAN88703 04/13
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