LONGBOW 2
Longbow2
1997, 1998
LONGBOW 2
Written by Tuesday Frase and Chris McCubbin
Additional writing by Jennifer Spohrer
Edited by David Ladyman
Design and Layout by ORIGIN Creative Services
© 1997, 1998 ORIGIN Systems, Inc. Origin is a trademark or registered trademark of ORIGIN Systems, Inc.
Electronic Arts and We Make Sims by the Book are trademarks or registered trademarks of Electronic Arts
in the U.S. and/or other countries. All rights reserved. ORIGIN is an Electronic Arts company.
Jane’s Combat Simulations is an Electronic Arts brand. Jane’s is a registered trademark of Jane’s Information
Group Ltd. Reference work from Jane’s Library © 1997 Jane’s Information Group Ltd. Made in the USA. All
rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. This product is not
licensed or endorsed by McDonnell Douglas Corporation.
ORIGIN Systems, Inc.
5918 West Courtyard Drive
Austin, Texas 78730
HOW TO USE
This manual is subdivided into eight chapters. Some (0, 1 and 2) describe how to
play the game, others (3, 6, 7 and Appendices) contain reference information, and
others (4 and 5) contain both.
At the beginning of each chapter, you’ll find a detailed table of contents. Page
references include the chapter and page number — p. 3.12, for example, refers to
Chapter 3, page 12. The appendices at the end of the book give glossary and
acronym information, a bibliography and useful flight charts.
QUICK START For a quick game overview and fundamental
keystokes, see the back inside cover of this manual.
0. INTRODUCTION How to Use (this section) tells you how to find the
information you need in this book. Adetailed table of
contents follows.
Table of Contents (p. 0.6 - 0.11) gives a chapter by
chapter listing of contents for this manual. More
detailed listings appear at the beginning of each chapter.
In a Hurry? (p. 0.12 - 0.16) describes how to start an
Instant Action mission and explains basic keystrokes to
get you up in the air and firing your weapons.
1. ON THE BASE On the Base describes the functionality of all buildings
on the base, as well as how to use the training missions, Jane’s object viewer, and mission planner.
2. COCKPIT/SYSTEMS Aircraft Overview (p. 2.3) introduces the three flyable
helicopters and briefly describes the helicopters’ main
display systems and Master Modes (p. 2.9).
Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (p.
2.12) and IHADSS Flight Symbology (p. 2.14) cover
the four IHADSS modes and define each item you see
in the Longbow’s cockpit display.
Multi-Function Displays (p. 2.24) takes you through
all MFD pages for all helicopter types and explains the
items that appear in them.
In-Flight Navigation System (p. 2.44) discusses the
game’s dynamic, in-flight mission planning map, and
Kiowa Digital Moving Map (p. 2.45) covers the Kiowa
Warrior’s scrolling map display.
0: INTRODUCTION
0.3
SHADED TEXT Text in a light-gray box denotes additional information.
Although useful, this info is not required to play the game.
AH-64D Targeting and Sight Systems (p. 2.46) talks
about the Longbow’s main systems — the Fire-Control
Radar (FCR), Target Acquisition and Designation Sight
(TADS), and Pilot’s Night Vision System (PNVS).
Co-Pilot/Gunner Cockpit (p. 2.51) describes the frontseat cockpit and the Optical Relay Tube (ORT) Unit.
Black Hawk Analog Cockpit (p. 2.54) contains information and diagrams of instruments on the Black Hawk
dashboard.
View Controls (p. 2.56) lists all of the in-flight camera
views.
3. GROUND SCHOOL Lift Force (p. 3.1) discusses physical theories of flight.
Rotational Motion (p. 3.5) and Horizontal Motion (p.
3.9) examine the inherent physical characteristics of
rotary flight.
4. FLIGHT TRAINING Helicopter Controls (p. 4.1) describes the helicopter’s
control inputs and autopilot functions. It also gives
information on adjusting realism and difficulty options.
Practice Flight (p. 4.8) goes through the basic techniques of taking off, flying to a waypoint and landing.
You’ll also find advanced information on autorotational
and combat landings.
5. COMBAT Staying Alive (p. 5.2) details your Aircraft Survivability
Equipment (ASE) and tells you how to use it to survive
in combat.
Weapons Systems (p. 5.9) explains everything you
need to know about finding, targeting and destroying
an enemy with your helicopter’s weapons.
Laser Operation (p. 5.22) describes how to use the
helicopter’s laser sensor in conjunction with weapon
systems.
Wingmen and Backup (p. 5.24) defines wingman
commands and tells you how to call in artillery and air
strikes, and how to trade targets with your wingman.
Combat Tactics (p. 5.27) illustrates effective helicopter
tactics against ground targets and air opposition.
6. CAMPAIGNS Campaigns (p. 6.1) gives background information on
the game’s Iranian and National Training Center
campaigns, and includes relevant articles from Jane’s
Information Group magazines.
LONGBOW 2
0.4
7. JANE’S Jane’s Specifications (p. 7.1) lists actual specifica-
tions and photographs from Jane’s Information Group
for all three flyable helicopters, their weapons and
major avionic systems.
APPENDICES Appendices provide useful lists and glossary information:
Appendix A Longbow vs. Longbow 2
(p. A.1) gives veteran
players an idea of what new, major features to expect
in
Longbow 2
, and describes where to find specifics on
each element.
Appendix B
Acronyms (p. B.1) explains commonly used
acronyms.
Appendix C
Glossary (p. C.1) defines commonly used aircraft,
ground vehicles and military terms.
Appendix D
Flight Charts (p. D.1) lists cruise velocity and autorotational landing charts for the Longbow Apache, Black
Hawk and Kiowa Warrior.
Appendix E
Bibliography (p. E.1) lists the references used in
preparing the game and the manual.
0: INTRODUCTION
0.5
IN A HURRY?......................................0.12
Starting the Game............................................0.12
Instant Action Mission Parameters.....................0.12
Flight Basics.....................................................0.13
Basic Flight Controls ...................................0.13
Takeoff Keys..............................................0.13
Navigation Keys.........................................0.14
Targeting Keys...........................................0.14
Weapon Keys.............................................0.14
View Keys..................................................0.15
Ending the Mission .....................................0.15
Useful Hints ...............................................0.16
LONGBOW 2
0.6
0. INTRODUCTION / IN A HURRY?
1. ON THE BASE
READ JANE’S........................................1.1
BUNKHOUSE.........................................1.2
Creating a New Pilot...................................1.3
Pilot Careers...............................................1.4
Deleting a Pilot...........................................1.4
Switching the Active Pilot.............................1.4
TRAINING BUILDING.............................1.5
INSTANT MISSION HELICOPTER.............1.6
MULTI-PLAYER MISSION BUILDING........1.6
SINGLE MISSION BUILDING...................1.6
CAMPAIGN MISSION BUILDING.............1.8
Campaign Options .......................................1.8
Resuming a Campaign.................................1.9
MOBILE MISSION
PLANNING CELL (MMPC).....................1.10
Mission Planner...............................................1.11
Function Buttons..............................................1.13
Mission Summary Bar ......................................1.15
The Map..........................................................1.15
Fly Mission......................................................1.19
Trash Mission...................................................1.19
ENDING A MISSION ............................1.20
Landing at a FARP...........................................1.20
Debriefing Area...............................................1.20
Saving Your Progress.......................................1.20
Crashing, Surviving and Dying.........................1.22
GUARD SHACK....................................1.22
For a three-page Quick Start, please see the back cover and inside back
cover on this manual.
Game vs. Reality...............................................2.1
How to Use This Chapter....................................2.2
AIRCRAFT OVERVIEW...........................2.3
Longbow Apache.........................................2.3
Kiowa Warrior............................................2.3
Black Hawk................................................2.3
In-Flight System Keys........................................2.3
Game Options.............................................2.3
Pausing/Ending the Mission.........................2.4
Speeding up Travel......................................2.4
Radio..........................................................2.4
Overview: IHADSS.............................................2.4
Overview: Multi-Function Displays (MFDs)..........2.6
MFD Types ..................................................2.6
Overview: Targeting Systems..............................2.7
MASTER MODES ...................................2.9
Master Mode Settings........................................2.9
Upfront Display...............................................2.10
Black Hawk Indicator Lights .............................2.10
Longbow Fire Warning Lights...........................2.11
Physical Backup Gauges...................................2.11
IHADSS...............................................2.12
IHADSS Helmet System....................................2.13
IHADSS FLIGHT SYMBOLOGY...............2.14
Hover IHADSS Mode........................................2.14
Bob-Up IHADSS Mode......................................2.19
Transition IHADSS Mode...................................2.20
Cruise IHADSS Mode........................................2.21
Weapon-Specific Items.....................................2.22
MULTI-FUNCTION DISPLAYS ................2.24
Tactical Situation Display (TSD) MFD.................2.24
How It Works ............................................2.25
Adjusting TSD Items..................................2.27
TSD with Realistic FCR...............................2.27
Priority Fire Zones (PFZs) ..........................2.28
PFZs and Hellfire Missiles..........................2.28
Radar MFD ......................................................2.29
Air/Ground Radar Modes..........................2.29
Realistic FCROptions and Symbols.............2.30
Realistic FCR Operation Commands............2.31
Downloading Targets to Radar MFD ...........2.31
TADS MFD.......................................................2.32
Panning/Zooming.....................................2.33
TADSand Realistic FCR ..............................2.33
Realistic TADSOperation............................2.33
Weapons MFD.................................................2.33
Aircraft Survivability Equipment (ASE) MFD......2.35
Realistic Jammers.....................................2.36
ASE Autopage...........................................2.37
System MFD....................................................2.38
Engine MFD.....................................................2.38
Interpreting the Symbols...........................2.39
Flight MFD.......................................................2.40
Communications MFD.......................................2.40
Vertical System Display MFD............................2.41
Mast-Mounted Sight (MMS) MFD......................2.43
IN-FLIGHT NAVIGATION SYSTEM .........2.44
KIOWA DIGITAL MOVING MAP............2.45
TARGETING AND SIGHT SYSTEMS........2.46
Mast-Mounted Longbow FCR............................2.46
TADS...............................................................2.47
TADS and MMSCameras ..................................2.47
Pilot’s Night Vision System (PNVS/ANVIS).........2.48
Kiowa Pilot Display Unit...................................2.48
CO-PILOT/GUNNER COCKPIT...............2.51
Kiowa’s Left Seat (CP/G).................................2.51
Longbow’s Front Seat (CP/G)...........................2.51
IHADSS/MFDS/UPFRONT Display.....................2.52
Optical Relay Tube (ORT) Unit..........................2.53
Head-Out/Head-Down Displays.................2.53
BLACK HAWK ANALOG COCKPIT..........2.54
Cockpit Gauges................................................2.54
VIEW CONTROLS ................................2.56
View Panning..................................................2.56
Inside Cockpit Views.........................................2.57
Target Views....................................................2.58
0: INTRODUCTION
0.7
2. COCKPIT/SYSTEMS
LIFT FORCE...........................................3.1
Generating Lift..................................................3.2
Bernoulli’s Principle.....................................3.2
Angle of Attack...........................................3.3
Angle of Incidence.......................................3.4
ROTATIONAL MOTION...........................3.5
Dissymmetry of Lift...........................................3.5
Compressibility of Air..................................3.6
Coning ........................................................3.6
Downwash.........................................................3.6
Ground Effect in a Hover.............................3.7
Settling with Power.....................................3.7
Torque...............................................................3.8
Tail Rotor....................................................3.8
Hovering and Translating Tendency..............3.8
HORIZONTAL MOTION..........................3.9
Translational Lift................................................3.9
Drag.........................................................3.10
Asymmetry of Lift............................................3.10
Retreating Blade Stall......................................3.12
Autorotational landing.....................................3.12
HELICOPTER CONTROLS.........................4.1
Rotor.................................................................4.1
Collective Stick...................................................4.2
Advanced Collective Controls........................4.2
How Collective Works..................................4.2
Cyclic Stick........................................................4.3
How Cyclic Works........................................4.3
Directional Control Pedals..................................4.4
How Directional Control Pedals Work...........4.4
In-Game Flight Tutorials.....................................4.4
Adjusting Realism and Difficulty.........................4.5
Autopilot Functions............................................4.5
Autopilot.....................................................4.5
Advanced Autopilot Keys.............................4.6
Hover Hold.................................................4.7
Force Trim...................................................4.7
PRACTICE FLIGHT (NON-COMBAT).........4.8
Startup..............................................................4.9
Takeoff...........................................................4.10
In-Flight..........................................................4.11
Landing...........................................................4.12
Advanced Combat Landing........................4.13
Autorotational Landing..............................4.14
LONGBOW 2
0.8
3. GROUND SCHOOL
4. FLIGHT TRAINING
STAYING ALIVE .....................................5.2
Aircraft Survivability Equipment.........................5.2
Evading Missiles.................................................5.3
DAMAGE...............................................5.4
TACTICAL MISSIONS..............................5.6
AH-64D Longbow Apache............................5.6
OH-58D Kiowa Warrior...............................5.7
UH-60LBlack Hawk....................................5.8
WEAPONS SYSTEMS..............................5.9
Finding the Enemy.............................................5.9
Visual Tracking............................................5.9
Sensor Systems...........................................5.9
Target Acquisition Modes..................................5.10
TADS/MMS Target Acquisition Mode...........5.11
FCR Target Acquisition Mode......................5.11
Priority Fire Zones....................................5.11
Selecting Targets from Your Target List.............5.12
Getting Best Cannon Targets......................5.12
Getting Best Missile Targets.......................5.12
Selecting Targets with the Mouse...............5.12
Engaging Targets with Cannon,
FFAR and Stingers........................................5.13
M230 Chain Gun Cannon..........................5.14
Stinger Infrared-Guided Missile..................5.16
Folding Fin Aerial Rocket (FFAR)................5.17
Engaging Targets with Hellfires........................5.18
LOBL Missile Launch Mode.........................5.18
LOAL Missile Launch Mode.........................5.19
Launching Hellfires with PFZs...........................5.19
Troubleshooting — Getting a Valid Lock..........5.20
Weapon Inhibit Field.................................5.20
Identifying the Target................................5.21
Laser Operation...............................................5.22
Realistic TADSand the Laser......................5.23
Using the Laser with Laser Hellfires...........5.23
WINGMEN AND BACKUP.....................5.24
Wingman Commands.......................................5.24
Giving Your Wingman Targets....................5.24
Getting Your Wingman’s Targets................5.25
Other Wingman Commands.......................5.25
Calling on Backup............................................5.26
Calling an Air Strike..................................5.26
Calling an Artillery Strike..........................5.26
COMBAT TACTICS ................................5.27
Air-to-Ground Tactics........................................5.27
Escorting Transports...................................5.28
Terrain Masking ........................................5.28
Contour Chasing – Speed vs. Safety..........5.28
Bob-Up.....................................................5.29
Pop Sideways............................................5.30
Air-To-Air Tactics...............................................5.30
Against Fighters........................................5.31
Against Helicopters....................................5.31
0: INTRODUCTION
0.9
5. COMBAT
CAMPAIGNS.........................................6.1
IRAN, AZERBAIJAN AND THE US...............6.2
Fear Drives Caucasian Policy..............................6.2
Iran Warns USA To “Think Twice”
About An Attack................................................6.3
Iran Strives To Regain Military Might;
Rearmament Drive Aims to Restore
Gulf Balance......................................................6.4
Baku and Tehran, Renewed Tensions..................6.6
Azeris Want New Look at Tashkent Accord..........6.8
The Jane’s Interview:
National Training Center....................................6.9
JANE’S SENTINEL
–
THE GULF STATES – IRAN ..........................6.10
Defence Production..........................................6.10
Historical Overview ..........................................6.11
Territorial Disputes – Iraq, UAE........................6.11
International Affairs........................................6.12
JANE’S SENTINEL
– RUSSIA
AND THE CIS – AZERBAIJAN ....................6.14
Risk Pointers...................................................6.14
Azerbaijan’s Oil to Flow...................................6.15
GAME CAMPAIGN BACKGROUND...........6.16
National Training Center..................................6.16
Iran:Operation Fallen Crescent........................6.17
DYNAMIC MISSION GENERATOR.............6.19
Overview.........................................................6.19
Campaign Goals..............................................6.19
Criteria for an Offensive Advance.....................6.21
Resource Management.....................................6.22
Mission Outcomes............................................6.22
LONGBOW 2
0.10
6. CAMPAIGNS
DEFINITIONS..................................................7.2
MILITARY AIRCRAFT, ROTARY WING
AH-64D Longbow Apache...................................7.4
UH-60A/L Blackhawk (Sikorsky S-70A).............7.7
OH-58D Kiowa Warrior ....................................7.10
WEAPONRY
AIM-92 Stinger ................................................7.13
Folding Fin Aerial Rocket.................................7.14
Hellfire Missile.................................................7.16
FN 0.50 Browning M2 Heavy
Barrel Machine Gun.........................................7.18
M134 7.62mm Minigun Machine Gun..............7.19
M230 Chain Gun Cannon.................................7.20
M60D 7.62mm Machine Gun...........................7.21
AVIONICS
AN/ALQ-144 Infrared
Countermeasures Set.......................................7.22
AN/APR-39A Threat Warning System...............7.23
AN/AVR-2 Laser Detecting Set..........................7.24
ANVIS/HUD System.........................................7.25
Longbow Radar...............................................7.26
MMSMast Mounted Sight.................................7.27
Target Acquisition Designation Sight/
Pilot Night Vision Sensor..................................7.28
0: INTRODUCTION
0.11
7. SPECIFICATIONS
APPENDICES
GAME COMPARISONS...........................A.1
Longbow vs. Longbow 2.....................................A.1
ACRONYMS..........................................B.1
GLOSSARY............................................C.1
FLIGHT CHARTS....................................D.1
Cruise Charts .....................................................D.1
Longbow Apache.........................................D.1
Kiowa Warrior............................................D.2
Black Hawk................................................D.3
Autorotational Descent Charts............................D.4
Longbow Apache.........................................D.4
Kiowa Warrior............................................D.5
Black Hawk................................................D.6
BIBLIOGRAPHY .....................................E.1
LONGBOW 2
0.12
IN A HURRY?
This section is for new pilots who want a basic introduction to the game, as well
as for seasoned pilots who only want enough information to get the game started.
Instant Action encounters don’t affect your pilot’s record, but they’re a great way to
ease into the game before starting an actual campaign.
Check out the Quick Start Reference Card on the back cover/inside back cover
of this manual for basic keystrokes.
Page numbers in parentheses indicate where to go in the manual for more details.
: Once the game starts, you’ll see an overhead view of the base. Right-click the
mouse anywhere to display all the hotspots.
L Left-click on the grounded helicopter (in front of the Campaign hangar) to start
an
INSTANT ACTION mission.
Instant Action Mission Parameters
Instant Action mission mode places you in the pilot’s seat of an AH-64D Longbow
Apache. (A second cockpit, the co-pilot/gunner’s seat, is available as well. This front
seat is usually used for targeting and weapon functions. See p. 2.51 for details.)
♦ Terrain. You’ll fly in whichever map was last decompressed (NTC or Iran).
♦ Helicopter/Weapon. You’ll fly an invulnerable AH-64D Longbow Apache, with
unlimited weaponry (M230 chain gun rounds, RF Hellfire missiles, FFAR rockets and Stinger ATA missiles).
♦ Flight Model.
SIMPLE flight mode is active. You can increase difficulty by acti-
vating the
OPTIONS menu (press aO), then selecting a different flight model
from the
GAMEPLAY menu. You can also adjust REALISM options that change the
characteristics of your chopper and/or weapons.
Starting the Game
1. Ensure that your input devices are calibrated in
Windows 95
. If you have any
questions or problems, please refer to the
Install Guide
.
2. Double-left click on the
Longbow 2
icon, or left-click the
Start
button and select
Programs/Jane’s Combat Simulations/AH64D Longbow 2/Longbow 2
This section assumes that you selected a CASUAL installation. If you selected
EXPERT, you can change the game’s settings in the OPTION menu.
1. Press a O
2. Select
CONTROLS, then CASUAL. Press ACCEPT.
3. Select
GAMEPLAY, then ARCADE. Press ACCEPT twice to close the options screen.
0: INTRODUCTION
0.13
♦ Forces. You’ll face a slew of random air and ground enemies — SAMs,
helicopters, anti-aircraft guns, tanks, trucks, etc. Some will be friendly, so you
may want to spend some time watching the ground battles below.
Keeping your targets straight won’t be a problem — you aren’t allowed to
target friendlies with this control type. To track target positions, use the in-flight
mission planner map (aN).
Flight Basics (pp. 4.1-7)
Basic Flight Controls
All helicopters have three basic controls:
♦ The
collective
adjusts vertical velocity (altitude), and can be set from 0-100%.
♦ The
cyclic
controls forward, sideways and backward movement.
♦ The
directional control pedals
change heading by swinging the tail rotor left
or right (most useful at slow speeds).
COLLECTIVE
= / - Increase/decrease vertical velocity (altitude).
or throttle wheel
CYCLIC
W / Z Pitch helicopter down (to move forward)/up (to move backward)
A / S Bank helicopter left/right
or joystick
PEDALS
[ / ] Rotate tail rotor left/right
or pedals
Takeoff Keys
Takeoff is automatic in Instant Action missions. For specific details on how to take
off in other mission types, see Flight Training: Practice Flight, p. 4.8.
This section covers basic keystrokes you need for survival, as does the Quick
Start Reference Card on the back cover of this manual. See the rest of the
manual or the
Reference Card
for a complete listing of keys and game functions.
Navigation Keys (p. 2.44, p. 4.5)
A
Activate autopilot (key cycles through
MAINTAIN HEADING(AP
1),
FOLLOW WAYPOINTS(AP
2) and
OFF
(
NONE
).
H
Activate hover hold (must be flying slower than 15 knots, or be in autopilot mode)
t
Cycle through time compression (2x, 4x, 8x)
st
Restore normal time
aN
Open mission planner
Targeting Keys (pp. 5.10-12)
In the Longbow Apache, the square multi-function display (MFD) on the right side
of the dashboard is your Tactical Situation Display (TSD). Small icons are potential targets, and an icon with a diamond represents the current target. Other MFDs
exist — the types and locations vary by helicopter type. (See Cockpit/Systems,
p. 2.1, for details.)
T
Target next enemy object
Targets have the following TSD icons:
Light Structure Heavy Structure
Light Armor Heavy Armor
Light Wheeled Vehicle Heavy Wheeled Vehicle
Light Artiller y Heavy Artiller y
Airplane Helicopter
Ground Threat (ASE) Out-of-Range
Note: The icons change if
REALISTIC FCR SYMBOLS
is active. See the
Options Menu
in the
Install Guide
for details
.
LONGBOW 2
0.14
0: INTRODUCTION
0.15
Weapon Keys (pp. 5.13-19)
Target Reticle Rocket I-Beam Constraint
ATA Constraint Hellfire Constraint
The weapon constraint indicator is a square, circle or I-beam, depending on the
active weapon and helicopter type. Line it up with the target reticle (small, dashed
cross hairs that appear over a target in view). When the constraint border turns
from dashed to solid, you have a
VALID LOCK and can fire. (If you can’t fire, mes-
sages will appear on your screen — see Weapon Inhibit Field, p. 5.20.)
b
Switch active weapon to Hellfires/FFARs/Stingers
(On the Longbow Apache, the M230 Chain Gun is always active.)
e
Fire cannon (M230 Chain Gun)
z
Fire rocket/missile
View Controls (p. 2.56)
1
Front cockpit view
s1
Front view, no cockpit
4
Virtual cockpit view (pannable; use a+ joystick to slew view)
6
Next object view (pannable)
7
Next target view (pannable)
View Panning and Zooming
You can pan/zoom the 4, 6 and 7 views. a + joystick also pans these
views.
5
(numpad) Reset view to center position
8
(numpad) Pan view up
2
(numpad) Pan view down
6
(numpad) Pan view right
4
(numpad) Pan view left
+
(numpad) Zoom in
-
(numpad) Zoom out
Ending the Mission
Pause or exit the mission/game with these keys:
aP
Pause the game
aQ
Quit the mission
aX
Exit to Operating System
Useful Hints
♦ In all three helicopter types, stay low to avoid detection. Follow the terrain,
flying at a low altitude and speed (below 70 knots). Most importantly, try to
mask your position as long as possible by hiding behind hills or structures, or
in valleys. Only pop up when you absolutely need to.
♦ When SAMs approach your aircraft, reduce altitude as quickly as you can
without hitting the ground. This will help decrease your chances of being hit.
♦ Try sticking with the Longbow Apache and radar Hellfire missiles until you’ve
got the hang of the game. They’ll let you stay far enough away from your
targets to take advantage of LOAL missile launch mode and reduce your
exposure to enemy fire.
♦ Kill the AAA threats that have the longest ranges first when entering enemy ter-
ritory. This makes it easier to maneuver around other threats with shorter
ranges. Keep an eye on your ASE MFD and weave around the arced firing
ranges of the remaining SAMs and AAA.
♦ Focus on mission objectives before you worry about other enemies. You'll
almost always need to hit a few threats along the way — just make sure you
reserve enough weapons to destroy your primary objectives. You can use any
remaining ammo to hit stray targets on the way back.
♦ You aren’t required to fly missions along pre-set waypoints. If you can identify
a path with less resistance, try moving your waypoints. Keep in mind, however, that you’ll need to have ample fuel to return through an alternate route.
♦ Listen to your CPG. He’ll tell you what’s out there, and where.
♦ To identify nearby targets, press U. This toggles on target identification, which
shows identifying names in the UPFRONT display as you switch targets.
♦ If you suspect that you’ll face enemy helicopters in an area, clear out a
section of SAMs near the anticipated area of engagement. This way, you’ll
have room to climb and evade the helos without being tagged by a SAM.
♦ If you become disoriented when dodging fire and think you may crash, quickly
press A so that the game’s autopilot function will restore level flight. As soon
as your altitude and bearing become stable, continue the fight.
♦ Memorize the key commands for your wingman/air support/artillery strikes. Try
to use your limited number of artillery strikes on concentrated SAM areas, and
use the air support strikes only on AAApositions. (If you use air strikes on
SAM sites, you risk having your A-10/F-16 shot down. This will subtract
promotion points from your mission score.)
LONGBOW 2
0.16
1
On the Base
READ JANE’S........................................1.1
BUNKHOUSE.........................................1.2
Creating a New Pilot..........................................1.3
Pilot Careers......................................................1.4
Deleting a Pilot..................................................1.4
Switching the Active Pilot...................................1.4
TRAINING BUILDING.............................1.5
INSTANT MISSION HELICOPTER.............1.6
MULTI-PLAYER MISSION BUILDING........1.6
SINGLE MISSION BUILDING...................1.6
CAMPAIGN MISSION BUILDING.............1.8
Campaign Options.............................................1.8
Resuming a Campaign.......................................1.9
MOBILE MISSION
PLANNING CELL (MMPC).....................1.10
Mission Planner...............................................1.11
Menu Bars.......................................................1.11
Function Buttons..............................................1.13
Mission Summary Bar ......................................1.15
The Map..........................................................1.15
Waypoint Symbology .......................................1.16
Moving, Adding and Deleting Waypoints......1.16
Waypoint Information Window.........................1.17
Fly Mission......................................................1.19
Trash Mission...................................................1.19
ENDING A MISSION ............................1.20
Landing at a FARP...........................................1.20
Debriefing Area...............................................1.20
Saving Your Progress.......................................1.20
Crashing, Surviving and Dying.........................1.22
GUARD SHACK....................................1.22
LONGBOW 2
1.2
1. ON THE BASE
1: ON THE BASE
The first thing you see when you start the game is an overhead view of the complex. Each building performs one or more different functions. To see what action
spots are available, right-click anywhere on the screen. To access a particular
building, move the cursor over it and left-click. Once you’ve finished exploring the
Base, proceed to Training Building, p. 1.5, or Flight Training, Chapter 4.
Read Jane’s
The
Jane’s Military Aircraft, Vehicles and Logistics
book lists a variety of information about most objects in the game and about the Jane’s organization. The information and photos that appear here come directly from Jane’s Information Group,
and are identical to the published versions (although some have partial entries).
Jane’s reference books can be accessed from the Bunkhouse, Training Building,
Commo Building, MMPC and Debriefing room.
1.1
Campaign
Instant
Action
Commo Building
(Multi-Player)
Tutorial/
Training
Single
Missions
Select
Pilot
Exit to
Operating
System
Each tabbed section contains information about items in that category.
♦ To activate, highlight the red Jane’s book, then left-click.
Aircraft Displays information on helicopters and airplanes in the game.
Armour Displays information on armored vehicles in the game.
Vehicles Displays information on unarmored ground vehicles in the game.
Air Defense Displays information on AAguns and SAM sites in the game.
About Jane’s Displays the title page of the Jane’s book and gives information
on the Jane’s organization.
Close Returns to the Base.
By using these pages, you can learn about the objects in the game.
♦ Left-click on the book tabs to change chapters.
♦ Left-click on pictures on the left page to enlarge them to full-screen view.
Left-click again to return to the normal page view.
♦ Left-click inside either white text box to enlarge the text page. Left-click the
vertical scroll bars to scroll through statistics or descriptive text. (Or, use W
and Z to scroll.) Left-click to return to the normal page.
♦ Left-click on the gray arrows at the bottom of either page to turn the page.
♦ Left-click-and-hold on the 3-D object box on the right-hand page to rotate the
object. Dragging the mouse cursor rotates the object in any direction. Pressing
the left and right mouse buttons simultaneously lets you control zoom. Push
the mouse forward to zoom in, backward to pull back.
BUNKHOUSE
Select Pilot
appears when this building is highlighted.
The Bunkhouse is where all existing pilot records are stored. Each time you start
the game, the pilot that you last used will be the active pilot.
Left-click on the building to see a row of lockers. Here, you can create and store
six pilots (one per locker). Once a pilot is MIA (Missing In Action) or KIA (Killed In
Action), he/she is no longer available, and a folded flag appears in the locker.
Note: You must create a pilot before flying Single or Campaign Missions. Once
you create/select a pilot, he/she will remain active until you create/select a
different one.
To select a different active pilot, click on his/her flight helmet.
To create a new pilot, click on a locker and it will open. Click on the notebook to
select a unit and give the pilot a name and callsign. The currently selected pilot
has a flight bag in place of the helmet.
Left-click on the door to exit this room and return to overhead Base view.
LONGBOW 2
1.2
Creating a New Pilot
A locker with a flight bag or helmet indicates an active pilot. A locker with a folded
flag means that the pilot is inactive (either missing or killed in action).
To replace a dead pilot with a new one, select the dead pilot and change the
name. This will replace the pilot with a newly created one.
CHANGE UNIT Highlight the space at the top of the spiral notebook and left-
click to change your unit affiliation. You can left-click on the
unit insignias to view available units and select the one you
wish to join, and you can enter a nickname for your squad.
CREATE NEW PILOT Left-click on the name of the default pilot to change the
pilot’s name and callsign.
You will be given a window with the current pilot’s name
and callsign. Left-click on the end of the name and backspace over it, then enter the name you prefer in the space.
Then, press e. If you wish to change your callsign, t
down to the callsign field and do the same. Repeat for your
squad nickname.
When you have the name, callsign and squad name you
wish, left-click on
ACCEPT. Or left-click CANCEL to exit with no
changes.
VIEW SQUAD DATA Left-click on this folder to open it and view a variety of
information about the performance of that pilot and the rest
of his squad.
Left-click on the bottom of the folder to toggle between
pages, and on the top to exit back to the locker.
The first page of Squad Data is your personal record. At
the top are your name, callsign, unit and squad. The left
column consists of your current rank, total number of
missions flown and number successfully completed, flight
hours in each of the four aircraft types, your current score
(your combat activity and successes, expressed in points)
and your rating vs. other pilots in your unit, expressed as a
percentile. Finally, all campaigns and training missions
completed by the pilot are listed. The second column
shows the number of times you’ve fired and hit with each
weapon, and rates your efficiency with it, and also shows
your confirmed kills sorted by unit type.
The second page of the folder displays information about
your squad. Each squad consists of 16 helicopter crews.
The page displays the name of each pilot and CP/G, the
type of helicopter flown by that team (your entry will dis-
1: ON THE BASE
1.3
play the type of helicopter flown on your most recent mission), an efficiency rating for the team, total number of kills
for the team, and total flight time logged.
Each pilot created is assigned a squadron of computergenerated characters upon creation. This page keeps track
only of information about that computer-generated squad.
It will not reflect any information about any live players you
may fly with during multi-player missions.
VIEW MEDALS Left-click on the box to the left to view medals you’ve
earned. As you progress in the campaign, you’ll receive
medals and campaign ribbons. Right-click in the medals
screen to see the names of all of the medals.
EXIT Close the locker.
Once you create a pilot and save your progress, this pilot remains active. (Only
one pilot can be active at once.) Whoever was flying the last sortie is the default
pilot when you resume the game.
♦ Left-click on the locker door (at the left-hand side of the screen) to close the locker.
♦ Left-click on the door or on the active pilot’s flight bag to exit the Bunkhouse.
You can now fly this pilot in any mission.
Pilot Careers
Every mission you fly logs hours for the active
pilot and adds points to his/her cumulative
score. Single or Campaign missions all get
recorded on the pilot’s stat sheet. (Instant
Action missions, however, do not.) If you die in
any mission, the active pilot will not be available for future missions, unless you re-fly the
mission and survive.
Once you’ve accumulated enough points, flown enough missions, or met some
other condition, you’ll find new ribbons and medals in your pilot’s locker.
Deleting a Pilot
Once you create a pilot, that locker is occupied until the pilot is dead, captured or
deleted. If you die or are captured during a mission and choose to save your
progress at that point, a yellow ribbon and flag appear in the locker. The ribbon
and flag remain there until you create a new pilot in that locker.
Switching the Active Pilot
To resume another pilot’s career, left-click on the flight helmet of the pilot you want to
use. Aflight bag will appear in the top portion of the locker — left-click on it to return
to the overhead Base view. Now, missions you fly will be saved to that pilot’s record.
LONGBOW 2
1.4
TRAINING BUILDING
Tutorial/Training
appears when this building is highlighted.
Before you head for the flight area, you may want to hone your piloting skills. The
Training Building offers a complete, interactive tutorial that introduces you to the
Longbow Apache, Kiowa Warrior, Black Hawk and helicopter flight in general.
You can access six different training modules. Three are accessed by clicking on
the books on the shelf, the other three by clicking on the helicopter models suspended from the ceiling.
The
Basic Flight Training
mission introduces you to the fundamentals of combat
helicopter operation. There are also specific missions for training in each of the
three helicopter types (two missions — basic and advanced — for the Longbow,
and one each for the Kiowa and Black Hawk). There’s also a
Free Flight Gunnery
Range
mission where you can sharpen your flight and weapons skills at your own
pace.
VIEW FILMS Brings you to an area where you can view promotional
films about the helicopters and their systems. This area
also allows you to view any game cinematics you’ve seen.
♦ Left-click on the stack of films to display a list of promotional films.
♦ Left-click on a film name in the dialog box to load it.
♦ To stop a movie, left click the mouse or press q.
The
News Scrapbook
records cinematics as you progress through the campaign.
Jane’s
displays background information on Jane’s Information Group.
♦ Left-click on the light switch to return to the base view.
1: ON THE BASE
1.5
Basic Black Hawk
Training
Basic Longbow
Training
Free-Flight
Gunnery Practice
Advanced Longbow
Training
Exit
Basic Kiowa
Training
Read Jane’s
Multi-media Room
Basic Flight
Training
INSTANT MISSION HELICOPTER
Instant Action
appears when this helicopter is highlighted.
Instant Action missions are for players who want to get up in the air quickly and
destroy targets. Left click on the grounded helicopter to start an Instant Action
Mission (single-player) or Death Match (multi-player). For details, see In a Hurry?
on p. 0.12.
MULTI-PLAYER MISSION BUILDING
Commo Building
appears when this building is highlighted.
From this building you can connect to, join or organize a multi-player
Longbow 2
session. For complete instructions see the: Multi-Player Guide.
SINGLE MISSION BUILDING
Single Missions
appears when this building is highlighted.
When you enter this building
you are taken to the MMPC
(see p. 1.10), from which you
can elect to fly any one of
ten pre-generated missions,
or a random mission.
When you left-click on the
notebook you are given a
menu of pre-generated missions from which to select.
When you left-click on the
clipboard you are given a list of parameters with which to customize a random
mission. You can either play a completely random situation, or pre-set the nature
and difficulty of your task by adjusting the skill level of the enemy pilots (and of
allied forces), the weather, the time of day, the mission type and more.
♦ To customize a mission, move your cursor over an option (most options default
to RANDOM) and left-click to cycle through available parameters.
THEATER OF OPERATION Available options are RANDOM, WESTERN AZERBAIJAN, CENTRAL
AZERBAIJAN
, EASTERN AZERBAIJAN or FORT IRWIN NTC (National
Training Center).
TIME OF DAY Set the mission time to RANDOM, DAY, DAWN/DUSK or NIGHT.
WEATHER Adjust the weather to RANDOM, GOOD (clear skies), FAIR
(partly cloudy) or POOR (cloudy, drizzly).
WEAPONS AVAILABILITY You can limit your weapon selection by selecting RANDOM,
ALLOW ALL, NO HELLFIRES, NO STINGERS and ROCKETS ONLY.
LONGBOW 2
1.6
Mission
Planning
Computer
Fly
Mission
Random
Mission
Clipbaard
Single
Mission
Notebook
FORCE ADVANTAGE You can give one side or the other a situational advantage.
Select
FRIENDLY ADVANTAGE, ENEMY ADVANTAGE, NEUTRAL or
RANDOM.
The remaining parameters can be set independently for both both teams.
MISSION TYPES Set the mission objective.
STRIKE (attack enemy positions behind enemy lines)
ESCORT (escort friendlies into dangerous territory)
RECON (scout enemy forces behind enemy lines)
CAP (Combat Air Patrol — engage airborne enemies)
CAS (Combat Air Support — provide air support for a friendly
ground offensive)
RANDOM
SKILL LEVEL
Change the skill level for computer-controlled helicopter
units on both sides of the battle.
CAT III (Crack Enemies possess excellent flying skills and
are difficult to kill)
CAT II (Veteran Enemies possess average flying skills and
are moderately hard to kill)
CAT I (Green Enemies possess poor flying skills and are
easy to kill)
RANDOM
GROUND FORCES
Select LIGHT, MEDIUM, HEAVY or RANDOM for each side.
AIR DEFENSES Select LIGHT, MEDIUM, HEAVY or RANDOM for each side.
HELICOPTERS Select LIGHT, MEDIUM, HEAVY or RANDOM for each side.
AIR SUPPORT Select LIGHT, MEDIUM, HEAVY or RANDOM for each side.
ARTILLERY SUPPORT Select LIGHT, MEDIUM, HEAVY or RANDOM for each side.
♦ When you’re finished configuring the mission, left-click
ACCEPT PARAMETERS to
lock in your choices, or left-click on the pencil to exit to the Clipboard. Once
your parameters are set, the program then generates a random mission
according to your specifications. Left-click on the Mission Planning Computer
to view your mission map, briefing and to set the mission parameters. Then
exit back to the MMPC and fly the mission by left-clicking on the helmet.
Details for the MMPC options appear on pp. 1.10-19.
1: ON THE BASE
1.7
CAMPAIGN MISSION BUILDING
Campaign Missions
appears when this building is highlighted.
When you left-click on this building, a plaque displays with both
FALLEN CRESCENT and AZURE
RUNE options. The Azure Rune
training campaign has two variants. In the Friend vs. Enemy
campaign, the opposing force
uses authentic international arms,
while in the Friend vs. Friend
campaign both sides have
American armaments (thereby providing a realistic context for a multiplayer, head-to-head campaign).
Select one of the options to start
that campaign. (See Chapter 6: Campaigns for background information on both
campaigns.)
T
o begin a new campaign:
1. Left-click on the Campaign Mission Building.
2. Select the campaign you wish to fly.
You can have a maximum of ten saved campaign games.
If you attempt to create a new campaign game, but already have ten cam-
paigns in progress, a plaque will prompt you to replace one of them. Select the
campaign slot you wish to replace.
3. Enter a name for your save game file.
4. Set campaign options (see below).
You will be taken to the MMPC for your first mission briefing.
Campaign Options
Note: For info on options specific to Multi-Player play, see the
Multi-Player Guide
.
You will have to select among the following options before starting a new campaign.
CHALLENGE LEVEL Select
Easy, Average
or
Hard
.
FORCE ADVANTAGE Which side in the conflict has the numerical advantage.
Select
NEUTRAL, FRIENDLY ADVANTAGE or ENEMY ADVANTAGE.
CAMPAIGN LIMIT Controls the amount of game-time you are given to suc-
cessfully complete the campaign. Select
TWO, THREE, FOUR
WEEKS
or UNLIMITED.
LONGBOW 2
1.8
LIMIT RADAR LONGBOWS If this toggle is set to ON, destroyed Longbows will not be
replaced immediately.
LIMIT OTHER If this toggle is set to ON, destroyed Kiowas, Longbows
HELICOPTERS without radars and Black Hawks will not be replaced
immediately
LIMIT MISSILES If this toggle is set to ON, expended Hellfires and Stingers
will not be replaced immediately.
LIMIT ROCKETS If this toggle is set to ON, expended rockets will not be
replaced immediately.
ORDINANCE Controls the speed at which missiles and rockets will be
REPLACEMENT resupplied, if either is limited. Select SLOW, AVERAGE or FAST.
HELICOPTER The rate at which destroyed helicopters will be replaced,
REPLACEMENT if any of the helicopter types are limited. Select SLOW,
AVERAGE or FAST.
LIMITED INTELLIGENCE If this toggle is set to ON, the “fog of war” may prevent you
from receiving accurate information about the enemy
forces in your briefings.
TIME OF DAY Select RANDOM, ALWAYS DAY or ALWAYS NIGHT.
VISIBILITY Select RANDOM, ALWAYS GOOD or ALWAYS POOR.
Resuming a Campaign
When you restart the game and want to resume a campaign, left-click on the
Campaign building. Then, left-click on the save game name that you used when
you saved that campaign game.
The Campaign Mission Building will sometimes play newscasts that update you
on the situation. Following that, you’ll find yourself in the MMPC, where you
prepare for your next mission.
See pp. 1.10-19 for details on what you can do in this area.
1: ON THE BASE
1.9
MOBILE MISSION PLANNING CELL (MMPC)
The MMPC is a tent or truck-mounted system used for tactical mission planning in
the field. Left-clicking on either the Campaign or Single Mission Building will take
you to the MMPC.
When you left-click on the notebook (after entering from the Single Mission
Building) you are given a menu of pre-generated missions from which to select.
When you left-click on the clipboard (after entering from the Single Mission Building)
you are given a list of parameters from which to customize a random mission.
Right-click to display text for the hotspots. You have five options in this area.
When you pass the cursor over an option area, the option will highlight.
The following options are available in both Single and Campaign missions.
MISSION PLANNER Left-click on the computer to access the Mission Planner
(available only after selecting a mission).
READ JANE’S Left-click on the Jane’s book on top of the table to view
statistics, pictures and text descriptions of objects in the
game, just as they appear in the Jane’s books.
FLY MISSION Left-click on the green flight helmet to begin the mission
(available only after selecting a mission).
TRASH MISSION Left-click on the trash can to cancel the mission and return
to the main screen for the current mission type.
LONGBOW 2
1.10
Read Jane’s
Single
Mission
List*
Trash Mission
Fly Mission
Random
Mission
Planner*
Mission Planner
* If in Single Mission Mode
Mission Planner
♦ Left-click on the mission
planning computer on the
desk to view the Mission
Planner display. You can
use this interface to
add/delete waypoints
(planned navigation
points), view intelligence
reports on what to expect
during the mission, arm
and assign your squad’s
helicopters, view in detail
the map of the mission
area, and more. You also
get your briefing here (in text form).
In addition to planning your own mission, the mission planner allows you to
direct the computer-controlled flights for the rest of the helicopters in your
squad.
♦ Each mission has a full suite of default options with which you can fly, so you
never have to change anything in the mission planner.
♦ Left-click the red power button to close the tactical planning display and return
to the Mission Planning Center. From the Mission Planning Center, left-click on
the Flight Helmet to fly the mission with your current changes to the Mission
Planner, or left-click on the waste basket or press q to trash the mission and
restore defaults.
♦ Another name for a mission is an Air Tasking Order (ATO).
Using the mission planner gives you control over the mission, not just for your
own helicopter but for an entire squadron. You can assign and arm helicopters,
move or delete waypoints, and even disregard certain objectives entirely to
concentrate your forces on the goals you consider most important.
Even if you have absolutely no interest in tinkering with the default mission parameters assigned by the computer, you are encouraged to at least check the
briefing for any special instructions.
Menu Bars
There are four menu bars across the top of the Mission Planner Screen: System,
Overlays, Map View, Waypoints. You can use them to turn certain map features
on/off. Whatever options you select load the next time you use the Mission
Planner.
1: ON THE BASE
1.11
System. This bar contains only three options, one of which is found only in multi-
player games.
Overlays. Toggles the various layers of the map on and off, to make it easier to
notice significant details.
Map View. Controls the overall scale and appearance of the map display.
LONGBOW 2
1.12
FARPS. Toggles FARPS on and off. FARPS (Forward-Arming And Refueling
Points) are the starting points for each mission. There will usually be four
FARPs per mission, each of which can launch one two-helicopter flight (Lead
and Wingman). If you want to mass your forces so more than two helicopters
engage any given objective, you’ll have to assign a flight(s) from another FARP
to rendezvous at the objective.
Friendly Units. Toggles the friendly units (blue counters) on and off.
Enemy Units. Toggles the opposing forces’ units (red counters) on and off.
Air Threats. Toggles known air threats on and off. The rings around the air
threat counters indicate the maximum engagement range of the threat.
Phase Lines. Toggles the Phase Line on and off. These are the imaginary
lines indicating the interface between friendly-controlled and enemy-controlled
territory — the battle front, if you will.
Battle Areas. The map indicates the general operation area for each mission
(ATO). This option toggles those indicators off, as well as the arrow that indicates an escorted friendly’s direction of advance.
5 km Grid Lines. Toggles the grid lines on the map on or off.
Zoom In. Zooms in on the map, until maximum magnification is reached.
Zoom Out. Zooms out until the broadest possible scale is reached.
Satellite. When this option is selected, the map appears as a satellite photo of
the terrain.
Contour. When this option is selected, the map appears as a geographic
contour map.
NATO Icons. When this option is selected, units on the map are displayed
using standard military symbols.
Picture Icons. When this option is selected, units on the map are displayed
using pictographic icons depicting their function.
Exit. Closes the Mission Planner and returns you to the Mission Planning
center. This option is identical in function to the red power button.
Restore All Defaults. Erases all changes to the Mission Planner and restores
the computer’s original defaults.
Transmit FARP Data. (multi-player only, see
Multi-Player Guide
) Transmits
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