Furuno FR-2125V User Manual 2

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MARINE RADAR

MODEL

FR-2125V

(

9-52, Ashihara-cho, Nishinomiya, Japan

Telephone: 0798-65-2111 Telefax: 0798-65-4200

Printed in Japan

Your Local Agent/Dealer

FIRST EDITION : APR. 1999 G : AUG. 8, 2001

PUB. No. OME-34710

YOSH)

FR-2125V

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard

The radar antenna emits electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) energy which can be harmful, particularly to your eyes. Never look directly into the antenna aperture from a close distance while the radar is in operation or expose yourself to the transmitting antenna at a close distance.

Distances at which RF radiation levels of 100 and 10 W/m below.

Note: If the antenna unit is installed at a close distance in front of the wheel house, your administration may require halt of transmission within a certain sector of antenna revolution. This is possible Ask your FURUNO representative or dealer to provide this feature.

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WARNING

ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD

Do not open the equipment.

Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.

Wear a safety belt and hard hat when working on the antenna unit.

Serious injury or death can result if someone falls from the radar antenna mast.

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WARNING

Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the antenna unit. Post a warning sign near the switch indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna unit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk of being struck by the rotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard.

WARNING

Do not disassemble or modify the equipment.

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can result.

Turn off the power immediately if water leaks into the equipment or the equipment is emitting smoke or fire.

Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock.

Use the proper fuse.

Fuse rating is shown on the equipment. Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment damage.

Do not place liquid-filled containers on the top of the equipment.

Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid spills into the equipment.

Do not operate the equipment with wet hands.

Electrical shock can result.

Keep heater away from equipment.

Heat can alter equipment shape and melt the power cord, which can cause fire or electrical shock.

Danger/Warning Labels in Display Unit

This display unit contains the danger/warning labels shown below. Do not remove the labels. If a label is peeling off or is illegible, contact a FURUNO agent for replacement.

WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not remove cover. No user-serviceable parts inside.

Name: Warning Label Type: 86-003-1011 Code No.: 100-236-230

DANGER

Electrical shock hazard. Do not touch parts inside this cover.

Name: Warning Label Type: 03-144-1332 Code No.: 100-266-290

WARNING

Display unit may fall. Lock stay before servicing.

DANGER

Electrical shock hazard. Do not touch anode cap or its cable.

WARNING

Possibility of injury. Hold handle when mounting display unit.

Name: Warning Label Type: 03-144-1333 Code No.: 100-266-300

DANGER

Electrical shock hazard. Turn off power before servicing.

Name: Danger Label Type: 14-055-4202 Code No.: 100-245-220

Name: Danger Label Type: 14-055-4201 Code No.: 100-243-450

Name: Danger Label Type: 66-022-2012 Code No.: 100-237-730

Safety Instructions for ARPA ARP-26 (Option)

WARNING

No one navigational aid should be relied upon for the safety of vessel and crew. The navigator has the responsibility to check all aids available to confirm position. Electronic aids are not a substitute for basic navigational principles and common sense.

• This auto plotter automatically tracks an automatically or manually acquired radar target and calculates its course and speed, indicating them by a vector. Since the data generated by the auto plotter are based on what radar targets are selected, the radar must always be optimally tuned for use with the auto plotter, to ensure required targets will not be lost or unwanted targets such as sea returns and noise will not be acquired and tracked.

• A target does not always mean a land mass, reef, ships or other surface vessels but can imply returns from sea surface and clutter. As the level of clutter changes with environment, the operator should properly adjust the A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and GAIN controls to be sure target echoes are not eliminated from the radar screen.

CAUTION

The plotting accuracy and response of this auto plotter meets IMO standards. Tracking accuracy is affected by the following:

• Tracking accuracy is affected by course change. One to two minutes is required to restore vectors to full accuracy after an abrupt course change. (The actual amount depends on gyrocompass specifications.)

• The amount of tracking delay is inversely proportional to the relative speed of the target. Delay is on the order of 15—30 seconds for high relative speed; 30—60 seconds for low relative speed.

Display accuracy is affected by the following:

• Echo intensity

• Radar transmission pulsewidth

• Radar bearing error

• Gyrocompass error

• Course change (own ship or target)

iii

Safety Instructions for VIDEO PLOTTER RP-26 (Option)

CAUTION

❐ Digital charts cannot replace official nautical charts. Digital charts are intended as an aid to

navigation. Position should always be checked against nautical charts, as well as other aids to navigation.

❐ Digital charts cannot replace the radar. Digital charts can only show own ship’s

position relative to a chart feature (coastline, lighthouse, etc.). They cannot show other vessels, as does the radar. Digital charts can never replace the radar.

❐ Handle chart/memory cards carefully.

• Keep cards away from heat sources.

• Keep cards away from magnets and magnetic material.

• Replace cards in their protective cases after use.

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ viii

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION...................................................................................ix

1. OPERATION

1.1 Turning on the Power................................................................................................ 1-1

1.2 Transmitter ON.......................................................................................................... 1-2

1.3 Control Head ............................................................................................................. 1-3

1.4 CRT Brilliance ........................................................................................................... 1-5

1.5 Tuning the Receiver .................................................................................................. 1-5

1.6 On-screen Legends and Markers.............................................................................. 1-6

1.7 Degaussing the CRT Screen..................................................................................... 1-7

1.8 Initializing the Gyro Readout ..................................................................................... 1-8

1.9 Entering Own Ship’s Speed ...................................................................................... 1-9

1.10 Presentation Modes ................................................................................................ 1-10

1.11 Selecting the Range Scale...................................................................................... 1-13

1.12 Selecting the Pulsewidth ......................................................................................... 1-13

1.13 Adjusting the Sensitivity .......................................................................................... 1-15

1.14 Suppressing Sea Clutter ......................................................................................... 1-15

1.15 Suppressing Precipitation Clutter............................................................................ 1-17

1.16 Interference Rejector............................................................................................... 1-17

1.17 Measuring the Range.............................................................................................. 1-18

1.18 Measuring the Bearing ............................................................................................ 1-20

1.19 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL ....................................................................... 1-21

1.20 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets ............................................ 1-22

1.21 Setting a Target Alarm Zone.................................................................................... 1-23

1.22 Off-Centering........................................................................................................... 1-25

1.23 Echo Stretch............................................................................................................ 1-25

1.24 Echo Averaging ....................................................................................................... 1-26

1.25 Electronic Plotting Aid (EPA) ................................................................................... 1-28

1.26 Target Trails............................................................................................................. 1-32

1.27 Parallel Index Lines................................................................................................. 1-34

1.28 Origin Mark.............................................................................................................. 1-36

1.29 Zoom ....................................................................................................................... 1-37

1.30 Markers ................................................................................................................... 1-37

1.31 Menu Keys .............................................................................................................. 1-38

1.32 RADAR 1, 2 and 3 Menu Settings........................................................................... 1-39

1.33 Function Keys ......................................................................................................... 1-40

1.34 Barge Information.................................................................................................... 1-46

1.35 Radar Map .............................................................................................................. 1-46

1.36 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes......................................................................... 1-50

1.37 Displaying External Waypoint and Navigation Line................................................. 1-50

1.38 Adjusting Brilliance of Screen Data......................................................................... 1-51

1.39 Display of Wind/Tide/Depth/Time ............................................................................ 1-52

1.40 Rate-of-Turn Scale.................................................................................................. 1-53

1.41 Alarms ..................................................................................................................... 1-54

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 False Echoes ............................................................................................................ 2-3

2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder) ................................................................ 2-5

2.4 RACON (Radar Beacon)........................................................................................... 2-7

3. MAINTENANCE

3.1 Periodic Maintenance Schedule................................................................................ 3-2

3.2 Life Expectancy of Major Parts ................................................................................. 3-2

3.3 Replacement of Battery............................................................................................. 3-3

4. TROUBLESHOOTING

4.1 Easy Troubleshooting................................................................................................ 4-2

4.2 Advanced-level Troubleshooting............................................................................... 4-2

4.3 Diagnostic Test.......................................................................................................... 4-4

5. ARPA ARP-26 (Option for NM-type radar)

5.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 Controls for ARPA ..................................................................................................... 5-2

5.3 ARPA Menu Operation .............................................................................................. 5-2

5.4 Start-up Procedure.................................................................................................... 5-4

5.5 Automatic Acquisition ................................................................................................ 5-6

5.6 Manual Acquisition .................................................................................................... 5-9

5.7 Changing Plot Symbol Size, Plot Symbols.............................................................. 5-10

5.8 Adjusting Brilliance of Plot Marks............................................................................ 5-12

5.9 Displaying Target Data ............................................................................................ 5-13

5.10 Vector Modes .......................................................................................................... 5-14

5.11 Past Position Display .............................................................................................. 5-15

5.12 Set and Drift (Set and Rate).................................................................................... 5-16

5.13 Setting CPA/TCPA Alarm Ranges ........................................................................... 5-17

5.14 Setting a Guard Zone.............................................................................................. 5-18

5.15 Operational Warnings.............................................................................................. 5-20

5.16 Trial Maneuver ........................................................................................................ 5-21

5.17 ARPA Performance Test.......................................................................................... 5-24

5.18 Criteria for Selecting Targets for Tracking ............................................................... 5-25

5.19 Factors Affecting ARP A Functions........................................................................... 5-26

6. VIDEO PLOTTER RP-26 (Option for NM-type radar)

6.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 6-1

6.2 The Video Plotter Display.......................................................................................... 6-2

6.3 Display Modes........................................................................................................... 6-2

6.4 Set-up of Video Plotter Display ................................................................................. 6-4

6.5 Track ......................................................................................................................... 6-6

6.6 Marks, Lines.............................................................................................................. 6-8

6.7 Waypoints.................................................................................................................6-11

6.8 Navigation Lines...................................................................................................... 6-13

6.9 Recording, Replaying Data ..................................................................................... 6-16

6.10 Initial Settings.......................................................................................................... 6-17

APPENDIX

Menu Tree..........................................................................................................................A-1

Set-up for Fishing Vessel ...................................................................................................A-6

SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................................................SP-1

INDEX

vii

INTRODUCTION

A Word to the Owner of FURUNO Radar

Thank you for purchasing this FURUNO radar. We are confident you will discover why FURUNO has become synonymous with quality and reliability.

Dedicated in the design and manufacture of marine electronics equipment for more than half a century , FURUNO Electric Company has gained an unrivaled reputation as a world leader in the industry. This is the result of our technical excellence as well as our worldwide distribution and service network.

Please carefully read and follow the safety information and operating and maintenance instructions set forth in this manual before attempting to operate the equipment and conduct any maintenance. Your radar set will perform to the utmost of its ability only if it is operated and maintained in accordance with the correct procedures.

Features of this Series of Radars

• Daylight-bright rasterscan 21-inch multi-color, high-resolution display

• New microprocessing technology with high-speed high-density gate array and software expertise

• New cast aluminum scanner gearbox and new series of radiators

• Easy operation by combination of discrete keys, rotary controls, and menu operation, all logically arranged and configured.

• Electronic Plotting Aid (EPA) fitted standard.

• Reliable CPA and TCPA warning in any plotting mode, accurate target data.

• Stand-alone or integrated configuration

• A Video Plotter (Chart Plotter) is also optionally available.

viii

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

XN12AF-RSB-0074-063 XN12AF-RSB-0075-063 XN20AF-RSB-0074-063 XN20AF-RSB-0075-063 XN24AF-RSB-0074-063 XN24AF-RSB-0075-063

DISPLAY UNIT

ANTENNA UNIT

RDP-126

ARPA

ARP-26*

Gyrocompass

Navigator

Speed Log

Option

IEC-61162-1 Serial Data

(Input/Output)

IEC-61162-1 Serial Data

(Input)

* Not available for statute mile-(SM) type radar.

Ship's Mains 24-32 VDC or 100-115/220-230 VAC 1, 50/60 Hz

Gyro Converter

GC-8

Video Plotter

RP-26*

Alarm Kit

DC spec

Rectifier

RU-3424

Slave Display

FMD-8010

Performance

Monitor

PM-30

AC spec

Transformer Unit

RU-1803

440 VAC

1, 50/60 Hz

AC spec or DC spec to be selected.

1. OPERATION

1.1 Turning on the Power

DANGER

Before turning on the radar, make sure no one is near the antenna unit.

Serious injury or death may result if a rotating antenna strikes someone standing nearby.

The [POWER] switch is located at the left corner of the control head. Push it to switch on the radar system. To turn off the radar, push it again. The screen shows the bearing scale and digital timer in approximately 15 seconds after power-on. The timer counts down three minutes of warm-up time. During this period the magnetron, i.e., transmitter tube, is warmed for transmission. When the timer has reached 0:00, the indication STBY appears, indicating the radar is now ready to transmit pulses.

POWER switch

Tuning Compartment

Control Head

Figure 1-1 Display unit

Note: Allow 10 seconds to elapse before turning off the power, to permit writing of settings.

In warm-up and standby condition, you will see the message BRG SIG MISSING. This is normal because a bearing (azimuth) signal is not yet generated when the antenna is not rotating. ON TIME and TX TIME values shown at the bottom of the screen are the time counts in hours and tenths of hour the radar has been powered.

1-1

1.2 Transmitter ON

When the STANDBY status is displayed on the screen, press the transmit switch labeled STBY/TX on the control head of the display unit.

The radar is initially set to previously used range and pulsewidth. Other settings such as brilliance levels, VRMs, EBLs and menu option selections are also set to previous settings.

The transmit switch toggles the radar between STANDBY and TRANSMIT status. The antenna stops in STANDBY status and rotates in TRANSMIT status.

If the antenna does not rotate in TRANSMIT status, check whether the antenna switch in the tuning compartment is in the OFF position.

The magnetron ages with time resulting in a reduction of output power . It is highly recommended that the radar be set to ST ANDBY status when not used for an extended period of time.

Note: The example screens shown in this manual may not match the screens you see on your display. The screen you see depends on your system configuration and equipment settings.

Quick start

Provided that the radar was once in use with the transmitter tube (magnetron) still warm, you can turn the radar into TRANSMIT condition without 3-minutes standby . If the [POWER] switch has been turned off by mistake or the like and you wish to restart the radar promptly , turn on the switch not later than 10 seconds after power-off.

Video Freeze-up Recovery

Video freeze-up or lock-up can occur unexpectedly on any digital rasterscan radars. This is mainly caused by heavy spike noise in the power line and can be noticed by carefully watching the nearly visible sweep line. If you suspect that the picture is not updated every scan of the antenna or no key entry is accepted notwithstanding the apparently normal pictures, do Quick Start to restore normal operation.

1. Turn off the [POWER] switch and within 10 seconds turn it on again.

2. Press the Transmit switch labeled STBY/TX for transmit condition.

1-2

Note: This equipment has a self-diagnostic

function to check operational software periodically. If any trouble has been found, the ERROR lamp lights. In this case, do the above procedure.

1.3 Control Head

A/C RAIN

Suppresses clutter from rain, snow, clouds.

BRILLIANCE

Adjusts the brightness of entire screen.

A/C SEA

Suppresses sea clutter to improve the short range discrimination.

AUDIO OFF

Acknowledges audible alarms, no effect on visual alarms.

RADAR MENU

Sets various parameters for radar operation and radar map.

GAIN

Adjusts the radar sensitivity.

NAV MENU

Sets parameters for nav info.

PLOT MENU

for plotting

POWER

ON OFF

ANTENNA

TUNE

DEGAUSS ERROR

OFF ON

EBL

EBL Control, EBL ON/OFF Keys

Pressing ON key toggles between No.1 and No.2 EBLs.

FUNCTION Keys #1: Set-up 1 #2: Set-up 2 #3: Set-up 3 #4: Set-up 4

BRILLIANCE A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

#1 #2

#3 #4

RANGE

STBY

TRANSMIT/STANDBY

RANGE Keys

Select the range scales.

Figure 1-2 Control head

PANEL

MODE

BRILL

VECTOR

CHART

ALIGN

CU, TM RESET

LOST

TARGET

MARK

A/C

AUTO

ENTER

OFF ON

VRM

OFF

CENTER

EBL

TARGET

TRAILS

CANCEL

VRM Control, VRM ON/OFF Keys

Pressing ON key toggles between No.1 and No.2 VRMs.

AUDIO

RADAR

PLOT

OFF

ACQ

TARGET

DATA

TARGET CANCEL

NAV

TRACKBALL

Shifts the cursor for plotting, entering reference points, etc.

1-3

(3) (2) (1)

(12)

(4)

(5)

OFF

CENTER

EBL

OFFSET

TARGET

TRAILS

CANCEL

(1 1) (6)

PANEL

BRILL

VECTOR

CHART

ALIGN

CU, TM

RESET

(14)

MODE

LOST

TARGET

MARK

A/C

AUTO

ENTER

(7),

AUDIO

OFF

RADAR

PLOT

NAV

(13)

ACQ

TARGET

DATA

TARGET CANCEL

(8)

(9)

(10)

(15)

(16)

Figure 1-3 Control head, key panel

(1) MODE: Selects presentation modes: Head-up, Head-up TB, North-up, Course-up and True Motion.

(2) PANEL BRILL: Adjusts brightness of the control head panel. (3) HL OFF: Temporarily erases the heading line. (4) OFF-CENTER: Activates and deactivates off-centering of the own ship position. (5) EBL OFFSET: Activates and deactivates off-centering of the EBL origin. (6) CU, TM RESET: Resets the heading line to 000° in course-up mode; moves own ship

position to 50% (75% for NM-type radar) radius in stern direction in the T rue Motion mode. (7) A/C AUTO: Reduces sea clutter at preset level. Permits manual override by A/C SEA

and A/C RAIN controls.

(11) TARGET TRAILS/CANCEL: Erases target trails.

Keys for EPA or ARPA (optional)

(8) ACQ: Acquires a target after selecting it by trackball. (9) TARGET DATA: Displays acquired target data. (10) TARGET CANCEL: Terminates plotting of a specified target or all tracked targets. (12) VECTOR: Selects vector mode; true or relative. (13) LOST TARGET: Silences the lost target audible alarm and erases the lost target

symbol. (14) CHART ALIGN: Aligns chart with the radar display. Used with radar map/video plot-

ter.

(15) MARK: Enters/erases mark. Used with radar map/video plotter. (16) ENTER: Used to save settings on menu screen. Keys 0-9: Select video plotting symbols. Also used for entering numeric data in any mode

as applicable.

1-4

1.4 CRT Brilliance

The [BRILLIANCE] control on the control head of the display unit adjusts the entire screen brightness. Note that the optimum point of adjustment varies with ambient light conditions, especially between daytime and nighttime.

Note: The CRT brilliance should be adjusted before adjusting relative brilliance levels on the BRILLIANCE menus to be explained later.

1.5 Tuning the Receiver

Tuning method can be selected at the RADAR 3 menu; auto or manual.

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key.

2. Press [0], [0], [2], [0] and [0] in sequence to display the RADAR 3 menu.

3. Press the [9] key twice to select AUTO or MAN(ual).

4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection.

5. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the menu.

1.5.1 Automatic tuning

The radar receiver is tuned automatically each time the power is turned on; thus, there is no front panel control for tuning. The tuning indicator and the label AUTO TUNE at the top right corner of the display unit show the tuning circuit is working.

1.5.2 Manual tuning

If you are not satisfied with the current tune setting, follow these steps to fine-tune the receiver:

1. Set the tuning method to manual as described above.

2. While observing the picture on the 48 mile scale, slowly adjust the [TUNE] control in

the tuning compartment and find the best tuning point.

[TUNE] control

Figure 1-4 Control head, showing tuning compartment

3. Make sure that the radar has been set to the best tuning point. This condition is where

the tuning indicator lights to about 80% of its total length. Note that the tuning indicator will never extend to full length.

ERROR lamp

1-5

1.6 On-screen Legends and Markers

Rate-of-Turn Scale

Heading Marker

Range/Range Ring Interval

Range and bearing to cursor

Presentation mode

Pulselength Echo Averaging Interference Rej.

Echo Stretch

Guard Alarm

Cursor

No.1 VRM

No.2 VRM

Wind data from ext. equipment

Zoom X-band

A/C AUTO

Noise Rej.

Off-center

No.1 EBL bearing No.2 EBL bearing

0.75

/0.25SM

+0.350SM

330.0° T HEAD UP RM PULSE 1 M1 EAV3 IR1

320

ES3

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

ZOOM X-BAND A/C AUTO NOISE REJ OFFCENTER

EBL

044.4° T >130.1° T<

2nd Trace Echo Rejector

2ND ECHO

340

330

210

200

INDEX >236.8° T<

0° 30° 60° 90°30°60°90°

000

350

010

DATA DISPLAY (See next page.)

190

180

170

Heading Line

AUTO TUNE

/MIN

WATCH 5 : 30

HDG 123.4°T GYRO

SPEED 14.8KT WT LOG

020

030

150

160

TGT ALARM 1 TGT ALARM 2

Tuning Bar

ANT1 MAIN

SET & DRIFT

040

050

0 20 40 60

100 m

10MIN

20-30

130

140

TRUE TRAIL

3MIN 1:25

VRM

>0.600SM<

0.150SM

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

Heading

Speed Source, Speed

Antenna, Display in use

Set & Drift

Fixed Range Rings

No.1 EBL

No.2 EBL

Depth data from ext. equipment

North Marker

Target Trail Trail Time/

Time Elapsed

Target Alarm No.1 VRM range

No.2 VRM range

Parallel Index Lines Orientation

Stern Marker

Watch

Figure 1-5 On-screen legends and markers

Note: With the serial speed inputs and SOG selection, if the type of data is changed from SOG to STW, the label SOG appears in red at the upper right corner on the screen.

1-6

EPA Target Data

RNG BRG CSE SPD CPA TCPA BCR BCT>

0 : 03

0.439SM

122.7°T

254.2°T BT TRU

14.9KT BT TRU

0.4SM

0.0MIN

0.8SM

99.9MIN

DEPTH CURRENT

WIND

01 − > +

21.1m

1.2KT

105.7°T

11.3KT

285.6°T

0.101SM

254.3°T

Nav Data

Range and bearing from origin mark to cursor

EPA Setting

Position

EPA TRUE VECTOR 6MIN BT

OWN SHIP [GP] MAN

34°57.843N

135°57.720E

WPT 12

1999/03/03 13:28 UTC

+CURSOR POSN MAN

150.8SM

72.1°T

34°57.692N

134°57.597E

Range and Bearing to Waypoint*

Date, Time

Cursor Position

* Nav data displayed when no

Alarm Message

waypoint is selected.

Area

Figure 1-6 Data display

1.7 Degaussing the CRT Screen

Each time the radar is turned on, the degaussing circuit automatically demagnetizes the CRT screen to eliminate color contamination caused by earth’ s magnetism or magnetized ship structure.

The screen is also degaussed automatically at certain time intervals. While being degaussed, the screen may be disturbed momentarily with vertical lines. If you wish to degauss by manual operation, open the tuning compartment and press the [DEGAUSS] switch.

[POWER] switch

Tuning compartment

POWER

ANTENNA

TUNE

DEGAUSS ERR

OFF ON

EBL

[DEGAUSS] switch

BRILLIANCE A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

#1 #2

#3 #4

RANGE

STBY

Figure 1-7 Control head, showing tuning compartment

1-7

1.8 Initializing the Gyro Readout

When a gyrocompass is interfaced with the radar, ship’s heading is displayed at the top right-hand corner of the screen. Upon turning on the radar, align the on-screen HDG readout with the gyrocompass reading by the procedure shown below. Once you have set the initial heading correctly, resetting is not usually required. However, if the HDG readout goes wrong for some reason, repeat the procedure to correct it.

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to display the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

[FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 TARGET TRAILS 2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 ZOOM 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

Figure 1-8 FUNCTIONS 1 menu

2. Press the [0] key twice to display the FUNCTIONS 3 menu.

[FUNCTIONS (3)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (2)] 2 [RADAR (1)] 3 [FUNCTION KEY 1] 4 [FUNCTION KEY 2] 5 [FUNCTION KEY 3] 6 [FUNCTION KEY 4] 7 RADAR 1/2 8 INTER SWITCH 9 GYRO SETTING 0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

Figure 1-9 FUNCTIONS 3 menu

3. Press the [9] key to select the option GYRO SETTING.

4. Rotate the EBL control to adjust the gyrocompass (heading) reading.

5. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm the setting.

1-8

1.9 Entering Own Ship’ s Speed

EPA and any azimuth stabilized presentation modes require speed input and gyrocompass signal. The speed can be entered from a speed log (automatic) or through the plotting keypad (manual).

1.9.1 Automatic speed input

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key and the [0] key to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

[FUNCTIONS (2)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (1)] 2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/ BLK(RED CHAR)/ BLU (ECHO AREA) BLU/ BRT BLU 3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN MAN = 00.0KT (STW/SOG) 7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN SET = 000.0° DRIFT = 00.0KT 8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN

MAN = 00.00SM 9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

SOG (Speed-over-the-ground) is the Speed Made Good over the ground determined by EPFS, Echo Reference or Dual-axis speed log. It is obtained by a distance between points over the ground divided by the time spent for traveling between these two points.

Figure 1-10 FUNCTIONS 2 menu

2. Press the [6] key to select menu item 6 SHIP SPEED.

3. Press the [6] key to select LOG or NAV.

4. When the serial speed data is selected at the installation menu, select the speed mode, STW (speed through the water) or SOG (speed over the ground). If pulse speed data is selected, the STB/SOG does not appear.

5. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS menu. The ship’s speed readout at the screen top shows own ship’s speed fed from the speed log followed by the label “LOG.”

Notes on automatic speed input

1) IMO Resolution A.823(19) for ARP A recommends that a speed log to be interfaced with an ARPA should be capable of providing through-the-water speed.

2) Be sure not to select LOG when a speed log is not connected. If the log signal is not provided, the ship’s speed readout at the top right-hand corner will be blank.

3) SPD **.* and SIGNAL MISSING LOG appears if no log signal is present for 30 seconds while the ship’s speed has been more than 5.0 kt.

4) With the serial speed inputs and SOG selection, if the type of data is changed from SOG to STW, the label SOG appears in red at the upper right corner on the screen.

1-9

1.9.2 Manual speed input

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0] to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

2. Press the [6] key to select menu 6 SHIP SPEED.

3. Press the [6] key to select (or highlight) MAN.

4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm selection. At this point, “MAN = 00.0KT” appears on the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

5. Enter the ship speed by hitting corresponding numeric keys followed by the [ENTER] key without omitting leading zeros, if any. For example, if the ship speed is 8 knots, press [0], [8], [ENTER].

6. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS 2 menu. The ship speed readout at the top right-hand corner shows own ship speed entered followed by the label “MAN.”

1.10 Presentation Modes

This radar has the following presentation modes: Relative Motion (RM)

Head-up: Unstabilised Head-up TB: Head-up with gyrocompass-stabilized bearing scale (True Bearing) where

the bearing scale rotates with the gyrocompass reading. Course-up: Gyrocompass-stabilized relative to ship’s intended course North-up: Gyrocompass-stabilized with reference to north

True Motion (TM) North-up: Ground or sea stabilized with gyrocompass and speed inputs

1.10.1 Selecting presentation mode

Press the [MODE] key on the control head. Each time the [MODE] key is pressed, the presentation mode and mode indication at the upper left-hand corner of the screen change cyclically .

Loss of Gyrocompass SignalLoss of Gyrocompass Signal

When the gyro compass signal is lost, the presentation mode automatically becomes head-up and the HDG (heading) readout at the top right-hand corner shows ***.*. When the gyrocompass signal is restored, the indication SET HDG appears at the upper-right corner on the screen. Press the [MODE] key, and the asterisks go off. Align the HDG readout with the gyrocompass reading, referring to the paragraph 1.8. Finally, press the CANCEL key to erase the message SET HDG.

OFF

CENTER

EBL

TARGET

TRAILS

CANCEL

PANEL

BRILL

VECTOR

CHART

ALIGN

CU, TM

RESET

[MODE] key

MODE

AUDIO

LOST

MARK

A/C

AUTO

OFF

ACQ

TARGET

DATA

TARGET CANCEL

TARGET

ENTER

RADAR

PLOT

NAV

1-10

Figure 1-11 Control head, key panel

Presentation mode, representative display

E A D

280

270

260

300

290

250

North Marker

310

240

230

000

350

340

330

320

220

210

200

190

180

Heading Marker

010

020

030

150

160

170

Heading Line

040

050

130

140

Description

A display without azimuth stabilization in which the line connecting the center with the top of the display indicates own ship’s heading.

060

120

The target pips are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to own ship’s

070

heading.

080

090

A short line on the bearing scale is the north marker

100

indicating gyrocompass north. A failure of the gyro-

110

compass input will cause the north marker to disappear and the readout to show asterisks (***.*).

Radar echoes are shown in the same way as in the head-up mode. The difference from normal head-up presentation lies in the orientation of the bearing scale. The bearing scale is gyrocompass stabilized. That is, it rotates in accordance with the gyrocompass signal, enabling you to know own ship’s

310

heading at a glance.

320

330

This mode is available only when the radar is interfaced with a gyrocompass.

340

350

If the gyrocompass fails, the bearing scale returns to the state of head-up mode.

230

070

240

060

Heading Marker

250

260

270

030

040

050

Heading Line

280

290

010

020

300

000

190

180

170

160

150

140

130

120

110

200

100

210

090

220

080

Bearing scale rotates with gyrocompass signal.

Heading Marker

280

270

260

300

290

250

240

North Marker

320

310

230

220

000

010

350

340

330

210

200

190

020

160

170

180

C O U R S E

U P

030

150

Heading Line

040

050

130

140

060

070

080

100

110

120

An azimuth stabilized display in which a line connecting the center with the top of the display indicates own ship’s intended course (namely, own ship’s previous heading just before this mode has been selected).

Target pips are painted at their measured distances and in their directions relative to the intended course

090

which is maintained at the 0-degree position while the heading line moves in accordance with ship’s yawing and course change. This mode is useful to avoid smearing of picture during course change. After a course change, press the [CU, TM RESET] key to reset the picture orientation if you wish to continue using the course-up mode. The heading line gets back to scale zero.

1-11

Presentation mode, representative display

North

000

350

340

200

190

180

North

000

350

340

200

190

180

N O R T H

290

280

270

260

250

330

320

310

300

240

230

220

210

T R U E

290

280

270

260

250

O N

330

320

310

300

240

230

220

210

Heading Line

010

020

160

170

Heading Line

010

020

030

150

160

170

030

150

040

050

130

140

Heading Marker

040

050

130

140

Heading Marker

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

Description

In the north-up mode, target pips are painted at their measured distances and in their true (compass) directions from own ship, north bearing maintained up of the screen. The heading line changes its direction according to the ship’s heading.

If the gyrocompass fails, the presentation mode changes to head-up and the north marker disappears. Also, the HDG readout shows asterisks (***.*).

Own ship and other moving objects move in accordance with their true courses and speed. In ground stabilized TM, all fixed targets, such as landmasses, appear as stationary echoes. In the sea stabilized TM without set and drift inputs, the landmass can move on the screen.

When own ship reaches a point corresponding to 50%* of the radius of the display, it is automatically reset to a point of 50%* radius opposite to the extension of the heading line passing through the display center. Resetting can be made at any moment before the ship reaches the limit by pressing the [CU, TM RESET] key. Automatic resetting is preceded by a beep sound.

If the gyrocompass fails, the mode is changed to the head-up and the north marker disappears. The HDG readout shows asterisks (***.*).

000 010

350

340

330

320

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

210

200

020

030

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170180190

320

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

000 010

350

170180190

020

030

150

160

Target trail

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

320

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

340

330

210

200

000 010

350

340

330

210

200

020

030

150

160

170180190

(a) True motion selected (b) Own ship has reached a (c) Own ship is automatically

point 50%* of display radius reset to 50%* of radius

* 75% in case of NM-type radar.

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

1-12

1.11 Selecting the Range Scale

The display range scale is changed by pressing the [+] and [-] keys. The selected range scale and range ring interval are shown at the upper left corner on the screen. When a target of interest comes closer, reduce the range scale so that it appears in 50–90% of the display radius. The range scales are:

0.25–0.5–0.75–1–1.5–2–3–4–6–8–12–16–24–32–48–96 SM

1.12 Selecting the Pulsewidth

The pulsewidth in use is displayed at the upper left-hand position of the screen using the abbreviations shown in the table below.

Appropriate pulsewidths are preset to individual range scales and function keys. Therefore, you are not usually required to select them. If you are not satisfied with the current pulsewidth settings, however, it is possible to change them on the RADAR 1 menu as shown in paragraph 1.12.2.

You can choose the pulsewidth 1 or 2 on the scales 0.5 to 24 SM ranges.

1.12.1 Selecting pulsewidth 1 or 2

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to display the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [6] key to select PULSE WIDTH 1 or 2 as appropriate.

3. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

Table 1-1 Available pulsewidths

lebaLhtdiwesluP

)1esluptrohS(1Ssµ70.0 )2esluptrohS(2Ssµ51.0

)1eslupmuideM(1Msµ3.0 )2eslupmuideM(2Msµ5.0 )3eslupmuideM(3Msµ7.0

)eslupgnoL(Lsµ2.1

1.12.2 Presetting pulsewidth 1 and 2

Pulsewidth 1 and 2 can be preset on the PULSE WD 1 and 2 menus. Shown below are examples of the pulsewidth setup procedure.

1. To enable selection of S1 (0.07 µs) and S2 (0.15 µs) pulsewidth on the 0.5 SM range, select S1 at 0.5 SM on the PULSE WD 1 menu and S2 at 0.5 SM on the PULSEWIDTH 2 menu.

1-13

2. To enable selection of S2 (0.15 ms) and M1 (0.3 ms) pulsewidth on the 3 SM range, select S2 at 3 SM in the PULSE WD 1 menu and M1 at 3 SM in the PULSE WD 2 menu.

A longer pulse provides an increased detection range, but with reduced discrimination. If you need discrimination in preference to detection, choose a shorter pulse.

Example: To select S1 (0.07 ms) as Pulsewidth 1 for the 0.5 SM range, display the PULSE WIDTH 1 menu following the steps shown above and hit the [2] key to choose “0.5 SM.” Further hit the [2] key until the menu option “S1” is highlighted to the right of “0.5 SM.”

[RADAR MENU] key

[FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 TARGET TRAILS 2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 ZOOM 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0] key [1] key

[FUNCTIONS (2)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (1)] 2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/ BLK(RED CHAR)/ BLU (ECHO AREA) BLU/ BRT BLU 3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 6 SHIP SPEED LOG//NAV/MAN MAN = 00.0KT (STW/SOG) 7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN SET = 000.0° DRIFT = 00.0KT 8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN

9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

MAN = 00.00SM

[0] key [1] key

[FUNCTIONS (3)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (2)] 2 [RADAR (1)] 3 [FUNCTION KEY 1] 4 [FUNCTION KEY 2] 5 [FUNCTION KEY 3] 6 [FUNCTION KEY 4] 7 [RADAR 1/2 8 INTER SWITCH 9 GYRO SETTING EBL= xxx.x° 0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

[2] key

[RADAR (1)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)] 2 EBL 1 REL/TRUE 3 EBL 2 REL/TRUE 4 VRM 1* NM/km 5 VRM 2* NM/km 6 TRAIL REL/TRUE 7 TRAIL GRAD SGL/MUL T 8 [PULSE WD 1] 9 [PULSE WD 2] 0 [RADAR (2)]

* Does not appear on SM-type radar.

Figure 1-12 Sequence for selecting pulsewidth

In the RADAR 1 menu, select 8 for pulsewidth 1, or 9 for pulsewidth 2.

0.5 SM range S1/S2 0.75 SM range S1/S2/M1

1.5 SM range S1/S2/M1 3 SM range S2/M1/M2/M3

6 SM range M1/M2/M3/L 12-24 SM range M2/M3/L

1-14

1.13 Adjusting the Sensitivity

The [GAIN] control is used to adjust the sensitivity of the receiver , and thus the intensity of echoes as they appear on the screen. It should be adjusted so that the speckled background noise is just visible on the screen.

To become acquainted with the way the [GAIN] control works, try rotating it between fully counterclockwise and clockwise positions while observing the radar picture. You will notice that clockwise rotation increases the echo intensity level. A low gain setting results in the loss of weak echoes and a reduced detection range. If you turn the [GAIN] control too far clockwise for an excessive gain setting, desired echoes will be masked in the strong background noise.

[GAIN] control

POWER

ANTENNA

TUNE

DEGAUSS ERR

BRILLIANCE

OFF ON

EBL

A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

#1 #2

#3 #4

RANGE

STBY

Figure 1-13 Control head

1.14 Suppressing Sea Clutter

In rough weather conditions returns from the sea surface are received over several miles around own ship and mask close targets. This situation can be improved by properly adjusting the [A/C SEA] (Anti-Clutter Sea) control.

[A/C SEA] control

OFF ON

EBL

BRILLIANCE A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

#1 #2

#3 #4

RANGE

STBY

Figure 1-14 Control head, A/C SEA effect

[A/C SEA] control off

[A/C SEA] control adjusted

1-15

1.14.1 Automatic anti-clutter control

The easiest way to suppress the surface clutter is to use the automatic anti-clutter control. Press the [A/C AUTO] key to turn the A/C AUT O circuit on or off. A/C AUT O appears at the bottom left-hand corner of the screen when the A/C AUTO circuit is on.

Use of a function key is also a good method for reducing sea clutter. For this purpose, presetting is required. Consult a FURUNO representative.

PANEL

MODE

OFF

CENTER

EBL

TARGET

TRAILS

CANCEL

BRILL

LOST

VECTOR

CHART

ALIGN

CU, TM RESET

TARGET

MARK

A/C

AUTO

ENTER

[A/C AUTO] key

AUDIO

RADAR

OFF

TARGET

TARGET CANCEL

ACQ

DATA

NAV

PLOT

The auto A/C function can erase weak targets.

Figure 1-15 Control head

CAUTION

1.14.2 Manual anti-clutter control

From the fully counterclockwise position, slowly turn the [A/C SEA] control clockwise. For optimum target detection, you should leave speckles of the surface return slightly visible.

The anti-clutter sea control is often referred to as STC (Sensitivity Time Control) which decreases the amplification of the receiver immediately after a radar pulse is transmitted, and progressively increases the sensitivity as the range increases.

A common mistake is to over-adjust the [A/C SEA] control so that the surface clutter is completely removed. By rotating the control fully clockwise, you will see how dangerous this can be; a dark zone is created near the center of the screen and close-in targets can be lost. This dark zone is even more dangerous if the gain has not been properly adjusted. Always leave a little surface clutter visible on the screen. If no surface clutter is observed (on very calm waters), set the control at the fully counterclockwise position.

1-16

1.15 Suppressing Precipitation Clutter

In adverse weather conditions, clouds, rain or snow produce a lot of spray-like spurious echoes and impairs target detection over a long distance. This situation can be improved by using a function key provided that it is so programmed. If the function key fails to offer a favorable suppression of the rain clutter, adjust the [A/C RAIN] control on the control head.

[A/C RAIN] control

BRILLIANCE A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

OFF ON

EBL

#1 #2

#3 #4

RANGE

STBY

[A/C RAIN] control

off

[A/C RAIN] control

adjusted

Figure 1-16 Control head, A/C RAIN effect

The [A/C RAIN] control adjusts the receiver sensitivity as the [A/C SEA] control does but rather in a longer time period (longer range). Clockwise rotation of this control increases the anti-clutter effect.

1.16 Interference Rejector

Mutual radar interference may occur in the vicinity of another shipborne radar operating in the same frequency band. It is seen on the screen as a number of bright spikes either in irregular patterns or in the form of usually curved spoke-like dotted lines extending from the center to the edge of the picture. This type of interference can be reduced by activating the interference rejector circuit.

The interference rejector is a kind of signal correlation circuit. It compares the received signals over successive transmissions and suppresses randomly occurring signals. There are three levels of interference rejection depending on the number of transmissions that are correlated. These are indicated by the legends IR1, IR2 and IR3 at the upper left-hand position of the screen.

Figure 1-17 Interference

1-17

To activate the interference rejector;

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key. The following appears.

[FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 TARGET TRAILS 2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 ZOOM 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

Figure 1-18 RADAR menu

2. Press the [7] key to select INT REJECT.

3. Successive presses of the key increase the effect of interference rejection, up to level

3. A fourth press deactivates the interference rejector . Switch off the interference rejector when no interference exists; otherwise weak targets may be lost.

Note: For stable reception of certain types of radar beacons (Racons) or SART (Search and Rescue Radar Transponder) as required by SOLAS 1974 as amended 1988 (GMDSS), it is recommended to turn the interference rejector off.

1.17 Measuring the Range

Use the fixed range rings to obtain a rough estimate of the range to a target. They are the concentric solid circles about own ship, or the sweep origin. The number of rings is automatically determined by the selected range scale and their interval is displayed at the upper-left position of the screen.

1.17.1 Adjusting range ring briliance

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to display the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] key to display the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

3. Press the [9] key to display the BRILLIANCE 1 menu.

[BRILLIANCE (1)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (2)] 2 RINGS BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT 3 EBL BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 4 VRM BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 5 +CURSOR BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT 6 CHAR BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 7 MARK BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 8 TRAIL BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 9 HL BRILL DIM/M/BRT 0 [BRILLIANCE (2)]

1-18

Figure 1-19 BRILLIANCE 1 menu

4. Press the [2] key to select RINGS BRILL.

5. Press the [2] key again. Each pressing gradually increases the brightness of the rings in 4 steps and the fifth pressing erases them.

6. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm you selection.

7. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the menu.

1.17.2 Measuring the range with the VRM

Use the V ariable Range Markers (VRMs) for more accurate measurement of the range to a target. There are two VRMs, No. 1 and No. 2, which appear as dashed rings so that you can discriminate them from the fixed range rings. The two VRMs can be distinguished from each other by different lengths of dashes.

1. Press the [VRM ON] key to display either of the VRMs. Successive presses of the [VRM ON] key toggle the active VRM between No. 1 and No. 2 and the currently active

VRM readout is marked with >.....<.

2. Turning the VRM control, align the active variable range marker with the inner edge of the target of interest and read its distance at the lower-right corner of the screen. Each VRM remains at the same geographical distance when you operate the RANGE+ or RANGE- key . This means that the apparent radius of the VRM ring changes in proportion to the selected range scale.

3. Press the [VRM OFF] key to key to erase each VRM.

000

010

350

340

No.1 VRM

290

280

270

260

250

330

320

310

300

240

230

220

210

200

190

Active VRM is identified with this marker.

020

030

040

050

060

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

VRM

>0.66SM<

1.18SM

Figure 1-20 How to measure range with VRM

Target blip

070

080

090

100

No.2

110

VRM

1-19

1.18 Measuring the Bearing

Use the Electronic Bearing Lines (EBLs) to take bearings of a target. There are two EBLs, No. 1 and No. 2, which are toggled by successive presses of the [EBL ON] key. Each EBL is a straight dashed line extending out from the own ship position up to the circumference of the radar picture. The fine dashed line is the No. 1 EBL and the coarse dashed one is the No. 2 EBL.

1. Press the [EBL ON] key to display either of the EBLs. Successive presses of the [EBL ON] key toggle the active EBL between No. 1 and No. 2 and the currently active EBL readout is marked with >... <.

2. Rotate the EBL rotary control clockwise or counterclockwise until the active EBL bisects the target of interest, and read its bearing at the lower-left corner of the screen.

3. Press the [EBL OFF] key to erase each EBL.

EBL >032.5°T<

298.0°T

No.2 EBL

330

320

310

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

230

220

Range markers on EBLs

210

000

010

350

340

200

190

020

030

040

140

150

160

170

180

Target blip

050

060

070

080

090

100

No.1

110

120

130

EBL

Active EBL is indicated with this marker.

Figure 1-21 How to measure bearing with EBL

The EBL readout is affixed by “R” (relative) if it is relative to own ship’s heading, “T” (true) if it is referenced to the north, as determined by the RADAR 1 menu settings.

Each EBL carries a range marker, or a short line crossing the EBL at right angles. Its distance from the EBL origin is indicated at the VRM readout whether or not the corresponding VRM is displayed. The range marker changes its position along the EBL with the rotation of the VRM control.

1-20

1.19 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL

The origin of the EBL can be placed anywhere with the trackball to enable measurement of range and bearing between any two targets. This function is also useful for assessment of the potential risk of collision. To assess possibility of collision:

1. Press the [EBL ON] key to display or activate an EBL (No. 1 or 2).

2. Place the cursor (+) on a target appearing as threatening (A in the illustrated example) by operating the trackball.

3. Press the [EBL OFFSET] key on the mode panel, and the origin of the active EBL shifts to the cursor position. Press the [EBL OFFSET] key again to anchor the EBL origin.

4. After waiting for a few minutes (at least 3 minutes), operate the EBL control until the EBL bisects the target at the new position (A1). The EBL readout shows the target ship’s course, which may be true or relative depending on the settings on the RADAR 1 menu.

If relative motion is selected, it is also possible to read CP A (Closest Point of Approach) by using a VRM as shown below (Figure (a)). If the EBL passes through the sweep origin (own ship) as illustrated (Figure (b)), the target ship is on a collision course.

5. To return the EBL origin to the own ship’s position, press the [EBL OFFSET] key again.

000

010

210

330

350

340

200

190

180

170

020

160

030

150

040

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

140

000

010

300

290

280

270

260

250

240

No. 1 EBL

EBL > 150.3°R<

310

230

220

320

350

340

330

210

200

190

180

170

020

160

030

150

040

050

130

140

(a) Evaluating course of target ship in RM

120

060

070

110

080

100

090

290

280

270

260

250

No.1 EBL

EBL > 150.3°R<

(b) Target ship on collision course

320

310

300

240

230

220

Figure 1-22 Collision assessment with the offset EBL

1-21

1.20 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets

1. Press the [EBL OFFSET] key, and place the origin of the No. 1 EBL, for example, on a

target of interest (target 1 in the illustrated example), by operating the trackball.

2. Turn the EBL control until the EBL passes through another target of interest (target 2).

3. Turn the VRM control until the range marker aligns with target 2. The active VRM

readout at the lower-right corner of the screen indicates the distance between the two targets.

You can repeat the same procedure on third and fourth targets by using the No. 2 EBL and No. 2 VRM.

Bearing is shown relative to own ship with suffix “R” or as a true bearing with the suffix “T” depending on EBL relative/true settings on the RADAR 1 menu.

5. To return the EBL origin to the own ship position, press the [EBL OFFSET] key again.

No.1 EBL

> 140.0°T<

335.2°T

Range marker

330

320

310

300

290

EBL origin

240

230

220

Target 1

210

280

270

260

250

EBL

350

340

Target 2

200

190

000

180

010

170

020

160

030

150

040

140

050

060

070

080

090

100

110

120

130

VRM > 0.500SM<

0.980SM

No.1 VRM No.2 VRM

Range/bearing between targets 1 and 2

Figure 1-23 Measuring range and bearing between two targets

1-22

1.21 Setting a Target Alarm Zone

CAUTION

The target alarm should not be relied upon as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations. The operator of a ship is not relieved of the responsibility to keep lookout for possible collisions, whether or not the radar is in use.

The target alarm serves to alert the navigator to targets (ships, landmasses, etc.) entering a certain area with visual and audible alarms.

The outer and inner boundaries can be set at any distance. The sector of the zone can be set anywhere between 0 and 360 degrees in any direction.

The target alarm is given to targets having a certain level of echo strength. This level does not always imply a landmass, reef, ships or other surface objects but can mean returns from the sea surface or precipitation. Properly adjust the [GAIN], [A/C SEA], and [A/C RAIN] controls to reduce noise to avoid generation of an alarm against a false target.

CAUTION

1.21.1 Setting a target alarm zone

1. Referring to Figure 1-24, use the trackball to place the cursor (+) at point “A”.

2. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

3. Press the [2] key to set start point (point “A”) of the alarm zone. The message TGT ALARM1 (or 2) SET appears at the bottom-right corner of the screen.

4. Move the cursor (+) to point “B” and press the [2] key again. Then, the target alarm zone as illustrated is created and the label TGT ALARM1 (or 2) appears instead of TGT ALARM1 (or 2) SET at the lower-right corner of the screen.

Note 1: If you wish to create a target alarm zone having a 360-degree coverage around own ship, set point “B” in almost the same direction (approx. ±3) as point “A” and press the [2] key.

Note 2: If you change the range scale to less than half of the TAZ, the warning TGT ALARM1 (or 2) OUT appears instead of TGT ALARM1 (or 2).

5. Two alarm zones can be set as described above. Press [ENTER] and [2] keys in that order while displaying the FUNCTIONS 1 menu and repeat the above steps.

1-23

Target Alarm Zone (TAZ)

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When the radar has an ARPA board ARP-26, a total of

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four alarm zones (2 each TAZ and GZ) may be set.

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Figure 1-24 How to set target alarm zone

1.21.2 Acknowledging alarm

A target entering the watch zone produces both visual (flashing) and audible (beeping) alarms. To silence the audible alarm, press the [2] key shortly on the FUNCTIONS 1 menu and the label TGT ALARM1 ACK replaces TGT ALARM1 on the display.

This will deactivate the audible alarm but will not stop the flashing of the target in the target alarm zone. To reactivate the audible alarm, press the [2] key again on the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

When an external buzzer is connected, the audible alarm does not stop until the target alarm is deactivated.

1.21.3 Deactivating target alarm

Hold the [2] key depressed for at least five seconds on the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

1.21.4 Inward and outward target alarms

An inward or outward target alarm can be selected on the RADAR 2 menu. The inward target alarm generates visual and audible warnings when a target enters the guard zone from any direction. The outward target alarm is produced when a target leaves the target alarm zone.

1-24

(a) Inward target alarm (b) Outward target alar

Figure 1-25 Inward and outward target alarm zones

1.22 Off-Centering

Own ship position, or sweep origin, can be displaced to expand the view field without switching to a larger range scale. The sweep origin can be off-centered to the cursor position, but not more than 75% of the range in use; if the cursor is set beyond 75% of the range scale, the sweep origin will be off-centered to the point of 75% of the limit.

This feature is not available on the longest range scale or in the true motion mode. The number of range rings increases, keeping the original range intervals unchanged.

To off-center the radar picture:

1. Place the cursor at a position where you wish to move the sweep origin by operating the trackball.

2. Press the [OFF CENTER] key. Then, the sweep origin is off-centered to the cursor position.

3. To cancel off-centering, press the [OFF CENTER] key again.

1.23 Echo Stretch

On long ranges target echoes tend to shrink in the bearing direction, making them difficult to see. On short and medium ranges such as 1.5, 3 and 6 SM scales, the same size targets get smaller on screen as they approach own ship. These are due to the inherent property of the radiation pattern of the antenna. To enhance target video, use the echo stretch function. There are 3 settings: echo stretch 1 (ES1) to enlarge in bearing direction for long range detection, echo stretch 2 (ES2) to enlarge in range direction and echo stretch 3 (ES3) to enlarge in both bearing and range directions.

To activate the echo stretch:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] key to display the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

MAN = 00.00SM

Figure 1-26 FUNCTIONS 2 menu

1-25

3. Press the [3] key to select ECHO STRETCH.

4. Press the [3] key until Echo Stretch option 1, 2, 3 or OFF as desired is highlighted.

5. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS menu. Selected setting is indicated on the left side of the radar display.

(a) ES1-Enlarged in bearing direction

(b) ES2-Enlarged in range direction

Figure 1-27 Echo stretch

Notes on use of echo stretch

1) If the 1.5 SM range is preset with a pulsewidth of S1 or S2, and the 3 SM scale with S2, the echo stretch is not available on these range scales.

2) The echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns (clutter) from sea surface, rain and radar interference. For this reason make sure these types of interference have been sufficiently suppressed before activating this function.

1.24 Echo A veraging

The echo average feature effectively suppresses sea clutter . Echoes received from stable targets such as ships appear on the screen at almost the same position every rotation of the antenna. On the other hand, unstable echoes such as sea clutter appear at random positions.

To distinguish real target echoes from sea clutter, this radar performs scan-to-scan correlation. Correlation is made by storing and averaging echo signals over successive picture frames. If an echo is solid and stable, it is presented in its normal intensity. Sea clutter is averaged over successive scans resulting in the reduced brilliance, making it easier to discriminate real targets from sea clutter.

To properly use the echo average function, it is recommended to first suppress sea clutter with the [A/C SEA] control and then do the following:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key and the [0] key to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

1-26

[FUNCTIONS (2)]

1 [FUNCTIONS (1)] 2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/ BLK(RED CHAR)/ BLU (ECHO AREA) BLU/ BRT BLU 3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN MAN = 00.0KT (STW/SOG) 7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN SET = 000.0° DRIFT = 00.0KT 8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN

9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

MAN = 00.00SM

Figure 1-28 FUNCTIONS 2 menu

2. Press the [4] key to select ECHO AVERAGE.

3. Press the [4] key until echo average option 1, 2, 3 or OFF as desired is highlighted. OFF: No averaging effect

1: Helps distinguish targets from sea clutter and suppresses brilliance of unstable

echoes. 2: Distinguishes small stationary targets such as navigation buoys. 3: Stably displays distant targets.

4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS menu.

(a) Echo average OFF (b) Echo average O

Figure 1-29 Echo averaging

Echo averaging uses scan-to-scan signal correlation technique based on the true motion over the ground of each target. Thus, small stationary targets such as buoys will be shown while suppressing random echoes such as sea clutter. T rue echo average is not however effective for picking up small targets running at high speeds over the ground.

CAUTION

Echo average is inoperable when a gyrocompass signal is not available. If you wish to use this feature without a gyrocompass signal, consult a FURUNO representative.

Do not use the Echo Average feature under heavy pitching and rolling; loss of true targets can result.

1-27

1.25 Electronic Plotting Aid (EPA)

A maximum 10 operator-selected targets can be plotted electronically to assess their motion trend. Five past positions can be displayed for each of the plotted targets. If you enter a 6th plot on a certain target, the oldest plot (past position) will be erased.

A vector appears when you enter a second plot for the target and is updated each time a new plot is entered. The vector shows the target motion trend based on its latest two plots. The vector origin will move across the screen at a rate and direction defined by the calculated true course and speed until a next manual plotting.

Target data is shown in the data display area which shows bearing, course, speed, CPA, TCPA, BCR, BCT calculated true course of targets, calculated true speed of targets.

Elapsed Time

0 : 03

0.439SM

122.7°T

254.2°T BT TRU

14.9KT BT TRU

0.4SM

0.0MIN

0.8SM

99.9MIN

Speed Reference (Bottom Tracking or Water Tracking)

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• Target 1 is on a collision course.

• TCPA calculated up to 99.9 min. TCPA

higher than this is shown as >*99.9MIN.

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Vector Reference (True or Relative)

RNG BRG CSE

SPD CPA TCPA BCR BCT>

EPA TRUE VECTOR 6MIN BT

Vector Time

EPA DATA

Figure 1-30 Sample EPA display

T arget 01 in Figure 1-30 is on a collision course as the extension of the vector goes through the own ship position. Placing the offset EBL on the target will be a help for assessment. TCPA is counted up to 99.9 minutes and beyond this it is indicated as TCPA >* 99.9 MIN.

Note: EPA requires speed input (automatic or manual) and a heading signal. The vector and data are updated automatically every 1-2 scenes between plot entries, but do not neglect to plot a new position over a long period of time. The accuracy will be reduced. Note the plots will be lost when the gyrocompass fails; start the plotting exercise again.

1-28

1.25.1 Plotting a target

To perform electronic plotting:

1. Place the cursor(+) on a target of interest by operating the trackball.

2. Press the [ACQ] key and one of numeric keys, and the plot symbol with number appears at the cursor position.

3. Watching the EPA time shown at the screen center , wait for at least 30 seconds. Place the cursor (+) on the target at its new location, press the [ACQ] key, and the same numeric key for the target.

The plot symbol moves to the new target position and previous position is marked by a small dot.

4. To acquire other targets, repeat the above steps selecting a different plot number.

Note: If a target once plotted is not plotted again within 10 minutes, the warning “UPDATE PLOT” will appear in red on the bottom of the screen and the plot symbol of the target flashes. If you want to continue plotting this target, reacquire it within five minutes. Otherwise, the target will be regarded as a “lost target” and its plot symbol and target data will be erased. The larger the plotting interval, the less accurate the plotted target data. Plotting of each target should normally be made every three or six minutes as far as possible. You can use a Watch Alarm to warn yourself every three or six minutes or whichever you may set.

Within five seconds, you can cancel a last plot by the [TARGET CANCEL] key and make a re-entry at a different position. After five seconds, the last entry is processed to produce a vector .

1.25.2 True or relative vector

Vectors can be displayed relative to own ship’ s heading (Relative) or with reference to the north (True). Press the [VECTOR] key to select the required mode. This feature is available in all presentation modes (gyrocompass must be working correctly). The current vector mode is indicated at the screen center.

1.25.3 Vector time

Vector time (or the length of vectors) can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15 or 30 minutes and the selected vector time is indicated at the screen center.

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key followed by the [1] key several times to select vector time desired.

[EPA] 1 VECTOR TIME 30SEC/1/2/3/6/12/15/30MIN 2 COLLISION ALARM OFF/ON

CPA 0.0 SM TCPA 00.0 MIN 3 MARK STD/LARGE 4 PLOT NO. OFF/ON

Figure 1-31 EPA menu

1-29

2. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection.

3. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu. The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time elapses. It can be valuable to extend the vector length to evaluate the risk of collision with any target.

1.25.4 Target data

The radar calculates motion trends (range, bearing, course, speed, CP A and TCPA) of all plotted targets.

In the head-up and head-up true bearing modes, target bearing, course and speed shown in the upper-right target data field become true (T) relative to north or relative (R) relative to own ship in accordance with true/relative vector setting. In the north-up, course-up, and True Motion modes, the target data field always displays true bearing, true course, and speed over the ground.

Reading the target data

Press the [ACQ] key and corresponding numeric key, and the following target data is displayed.

RNG/BRG (Range/Bearing): Range and bearing from own ship to last-plotted target with suffix “T” (True) or “R” (Relative) plot symbol.

CSE/SPD (Course/Speed): Course and speed are displayed for the last-plotted target with the suffix “T” (True) or ”R” (Relative) plot symbol.

CPA/TCPA: CPA (Closest Point of Approach) is the closest range a target will approach to own ship. TCPA is the Time to CPA. Both CPA and TCPA are automatically calculated. TCPA is counted up to 99.9 minutes and beyond this it is indicated as TCPA > *99.9 MIN.

BCR/BCT: BCR (Bow Cross Range) is the range at which a target will cross own ship’s bow. BCT (Bow Cross Time) is the estimated time at which a target will cross own ship’s bow. If BCR is negative, BCR/BCT readout is displayed as *.*.

1.25.5 Terminating target plotting

With EPA you can plot up to 10 targets. You may wish to terminate plotting of less important targets to newly plot other threatening targets.

By Symbol: To terminate plotting of a certain target, press the [TARGET CANCEL] key and then press the corresponding plot number key.

With T rackball: Use the trackball to place the cursor (+) on a target which you do not want to be tracked any longer, and then press the [TARGET CANCEL] key.

All Targets: To terminate plotting of all targets at once, press and hold the [TARGET CANCEL] key until all plot symbols and marks disappear (in about three seconds).

1-30

1.25.6 Setting CPA/TCPA alarm ranges

When the predicted CPA of any target becomes smaller than a preset CPA alarm range and its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, the EPA releases an aural alarm and displays the warning label COLLISION on the screen. In addition, the EPA symbol changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector.

Provided that this feature is used correctly , it will help prevent the risk of collision by alerting you to threatening targets. It is important that GAIN, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted.

CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the size, tonnage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship.

CAUTION

The CPA/TCPA alarm feature should never be relied upon as the sole means for detecting the risk of collision. The navigator is not relieved of the responsibility to keep visual lookout for avoiding collisions, whether or not the radar or other plotting aid is in use.

To set the CPA/TCPA alarm ranges:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the EPA menu.

2. Press the [2] key to select COLLISION ALARM ON. At this point, a highlight cursor appears at the “CPA x.x NM” field.

3. Enter the CPA alarm range in nautical miles (0.0 to 9.9 nm) without omitting leading zeroes, if any, and press the [ENTER] key. The highlight cursor now moves to the “TCPA xx.x MIN” field.

4. Enter the TCPA alarm limit in minutes (1.0 to 99.0 minutes) without omitting leading zeroes, if any, and press the [ENTER] key.

5. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu.

1.25.7 Silencing CPA/TCPA audible alarm

Press the [AUDIO OFF] key to acknowledge and silence the CPA/TCPA audible alarm. The warning label COLLISION and the flashing of the triangle plot symbol and vector

remain on the screen until the dangerous situation is gone or you intentionally terminate tracking of the offending target by using the [TARGET CANCEL] key.

1-31

1.25.8 Changing size of the plotting symbols

You can change the size of the plotting symbols as follows:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the EPA menu.

2. Press the [3] key two or three times until plot symbol size option STD (standard) or LARGE is highlighted.

3. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [PLOT MENU] key to close the PLOT menu.

1.26 Target Trails

It is possible to display the trails of radar echoes in the form of synthetic afterglow. The afterglow can be selected in a single tone or gradual shading as set on the RADAR 1 menu.

1.26.1 True or relative target trails

Y ou may display target trails in true or relative motion (only true trail on TM). Relative trails show relative movements between targets and own ship. True motion trails require a gyrocompass signal and speed input to cancel out own ship’s movement and present true target movements in accordance with their over-the-ground speeds and courses.

(a) True target trails (No smearing of stationary targets)

(b) Relative target trails (All targets moving relative to own ship)

Figure 1-32 Target trails

Note: When true trail is selected on the RM mode, the legend TRUE TRAIL appears in red. The TM modes always displays True trails.

To select true or relative target trail presentation:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key followed by [0], [0] and [2] to display the RADAR 1 menu.

1-32

[RADAR (1)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)] 2 EBL1 REL/TRUE 3 EBL2 REL/TRUE 4 VRM1* NM/km 5 VRM2* NM/km 6 TRAIL REL/TRUE 7 TRAIL GRAD SGL/MULT 8 [PULSE WD 1] 9 [PULSE WD 2] 0 [RADAR (2)]

* Does not appear on SM-type radar.

Figure 1-33 RADAR 1 menu

3. Press the [6] key to select menu item 6 TRAIL.

4. Press the [6] key to select (or highlight) REL (Relative) or TRUE option.

5. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection, and then press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the menu.

1.26.2 Target trail gradation

Target trails may be shown in monotone or gradual shading. Gradual shading paints the trails getting thinner with time just like the afterglow on an analog PPI radar.

Monotone Gradual Shading

Figure 1-34 Trail gradation

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key followed by [0], [0] and [2] to display the RADAR 1 menu.

3. Press the [7] key to select menu item 7 TRAIL GRAD.

4. Press the [7] key to select SGL (single tone) or MULT (multiple shading) option.

5. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection; then [RADAR MENU] key to close the menu.

1.26.3 Displaying, erasing target trails

Press the [RADAR MENU] key followed by the [1] key to activate or deactivate the target trails feature.

[FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 TARGET TRAILS 2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 ZOOM 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

Figure 1-35 FUNCTIONS 1 menu

1-33

Each press of the [1] key within five seconds cyclically changes target trail length (time) as below:

OFF - 30 s - 1 min - 3 min - 5 min - 15 min - 30 min - continuous - OFF The current target trail setting is displayed at the lower-right corner of the screen. Suppose that “3 MIN” has just been selected. If the [1] key is hit on the FUNCTION 1 menu

more than five seconds later, target trails are removed from the display (memory still alive with target trail timer count going on). Next hitting of the key calls out the target trails on the screen. To proceed to longer plot intervals, successively push the [1] key with a hitand-release action. The larger the target trail length, the larger the target trail plot interval.

Note: Holding the [1] key depressed for about three seconds on the FUNCTION 1 menu will cause a loss of target trail data so far stored in the memory.

1.26.3 Resetting target trails

To reset (or clear) the target trail memory, hold the [TARGET TRAILS CANCEL] key depressed for about three seconds. Target trails are cleared and the trailing process restarts from time count zero at current target trail plot interval. When the memory assigned to target trails becomes full the target trail timer at the lower-right corner of the screen freezes and the oldest trails are erased to show the latest trails.

1.27 Parallel Index Lines

Parallel index lines are useful for keeping a constant distance between own ship and a coastline or a partner ship when navigating. Index lines are drawn in parallel with the No. 2 EBL (No. 2 EBL must be active). The orientation of the index lines is controlled with the EBL control (without effecting the EBL indication) and the intervals between the lines adjusted with the VRM rotary control (provided that No. 2 VRM is active).

The maximum number of the index lines to display can be set for 2, 3 or 6 on the INITIAL SETTING 3 menu.

NO.2 EBL

Parallel Index Lines

1-34

Figure 1-36 Parallel index lines

1.27.1 Displaying, erasing the index lines

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [4] key to display or erase the index lines.

[FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 TARGET TRAILS 2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 ZOOM 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

Figure 1-37 FUNCTIONS 1 menu

2. Orient the index lines in a desired direction with the EBL rotary control. The azimuth of the index lines appear at the bottom of the screen.

1.27.2 Adjusting index line intervals

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0] to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

MAN = 00.00SM

Figure 1-38 FUNCTIONS 2 menu

2. Press the [8] key to select menu item 8 INDEX LINES.

3. Press the [8] key to select (or highlight) NO. 2 VRM or MAN (manual) option.

4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection.

5. If you selected MAN in step 3 above, “MAN = 00.00NM” appears at the bottom of the FUNCTIONS 2 menu. Enter a desired line interval (without omitting leading zeroes) by hitting numeric keys and then press the [ENTER] key. There are choices of 2, 3 and 6 index lines but the number of lines visible on the screen may be less than 6 depending on the line intervals.

1-35

6. If you selected NO. 2 VRM in step 3 above, make sure that the No. 2 VRM is active and adjust the spacing between the index lines by operating the VRM control.

7. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

1.28 Origin Mark

Y ou can mark any reference points, prominent target or a point of particular interest using the origin mark feature. These marks (max 10) are geographically fixed, that is, ground stabilized. To display the origin marks, heading signal and position data are required.

1.28.1 Inscribing an origin mark

1. Using the trackball, place the cursor (+) at a point where you want to place a reference mark.

2. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

3. Press the [3] key. The origin mark appears at the cursor position of which range and bearing are indicated at the screen center.

4. T o measure the range and bearing to a target of interest from the origin mark, move the cursor to the target of interest. Then, the range and bearing from the origin mark to the target are shown at the screen center.

5. To enter another origin mark, press the [ENTER] key and the [3] key in the FUNCTIONS 1 menu. Place the cursor where you want to place the origin mark, then press the [3] key.

6. To erase the origin mark, select the origin mark number in the FUNCTIONS 1 menu by pressing the [ENTER] key and the [3] key repeatedly, and then press the [3] key once again.

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1-36

Figure 1-39 Origin mark

1.28.2 Attaching ID number or symbol to origin marks

Origin marks may be affixed with ID numbers or symbols corresponding to the keys in use.

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0], [0], [2], [0] and [0] to show the RADAR 3 menu.

2. Press the [5] key twice to select the number or symbol.

3. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection.

1.29 Zoom

The zoom function enlarges an area of interest as large as twice the normal viewing. Note that the zoom feature is inoperative when the display is off centered.

1. Place the cursor (+) close to the point of interest by operating the trackball.

2. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

3. Press the [5] key. The area around the cursor and own ship is enlarged twice as large as the original size and the label ZOOM appears at the lower-left corner of the screen.

4. To cancel zoom, press the [5] key again on the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

1.30 Markers

1.30.1 Heading marker and heading line

The heading marker and the heading line indicate the ship’s heading in all presentation modes. The heading line is a line from the own ship position to the outer edge of the radar display area and appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale in head-up mode, and in the north-up and true motion modes it changes with ship’s movement. The heading marker appears as a small circle on the bearing scale to indicate the heading when the display is off-centered or is in north-up or TM mode.

Temporarily erasing heading line

To temporarily extinguish the heading line to look at targets existing dead ahead of own ship, press the [HL OFF] key. The heading line reappears when the key is released.

1.30.2 North marker

The north marker appears as a short dashed line. In the head-up mode, the north marker moves around the bearing scale in accordance with the gyrocompass signal.

1.30.3 Stern marker

The stern marker (a dot-and-dash line) appears opposite to the heading line. This marker can be displayed provided that STERN MK ON is selected on the RADAR 2 menu.

1-37

1.30.4 Own ship symbol

The own ship symbol ( ) can be displayed/erased on the RADAR 2 menu. The symbol is scaled to indicate the length and beam of the vessel. If the largest dimension of the symbol gets smaller than 6 mm, the symbol will disappear and own ship will be represented with a small dot or circle depending on the range in use. Details should be entered during installation.

1.31 Menu Keys

Three menu keys are provided on the right hand corner of the control head: [RADAR MENU], [PLOT MENU] and [NAV MENU].

RADAR MENU: Permits setting of basic radar parameters. PLOT MENU: Permits setting of Electronic Plotting Aid (EPA) parameters or the optional

ARP A ARP-26. NAV MENU: Provides a choice of navigation data for on-screen display . Also selects dis-

play data for the optional Video Plotter.

PANEL

MODE

OFF

CENTER

EBL

TARGET TRAILS

CANCEL

AUDIO

BRILL

VECTOR

CHART

ALIGN

CU, TM RESET

LOST

TARGET

MARK

A/C

AUTO

ENTER

OFF

ACQ

TARGET

DATA

TARGET CANCEL

RADAR

PLOT MENU

NAV

Figure 1-40 Control head, menu keys

Note: Menu automatically goes off in 30 seconds if you do not press a key.

1-38

1.32 RADAR 1, 2 and 3 Menu Settings

[RADAR MENU] key

[FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 TARGET TRAILS 2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 ZOOM 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0] key [1] key

9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

MAN = 00.00 SM

[0] key [1] key

[FUNCTIONS (3)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (2)] 2 [RADAR (1)] 3 [FUNCTION KEY 1] 4 [FUNCTION KEY 2] 5 [FUNCTION KEY 3] 6 [FUNCTION KEY 4] 7 [RADAR *1 1/2 8 INTER SWITCH 9 GYRO SETTING EBL= xxx.x° 0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

[2] key

*1: RADAR: Select 1 for single radar installation or for connecting to antenna No.1 on dual radar installation. Select 2 for connecting to antenna No.2 on dual radar installation.

*2: ALARM: Audio alarm level is 65/70/80 db (A).

[RADAR (1)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)] 2 EBL 1 REL/TRUE 3 EBL 2 REL/TRUE 4 VRM 1*3 NM/km 5 VRM 2*3 NM/km 6 TRAIL REL/TRUE 7 TRAIL GRAD SGL/MULT 8 [PULSE WD 1] 9 [PULSE WD 2] 0 [RADAR(2)]

[0] key

[RADAR (2)] 1 [RADAR (1)] 2 + CURSOR REL/TRUE 3 NOISE REJ OFF/ON 4 STERN MK OFF/ON 5 SHIP'S MK OFF/ON 6 ALARM *2 IN/OUT 7 KEY BEEP OFF/M/L/H 8 AUDIO ALARM OFF/M/L/H 9 2ND ECHO OFF/ON 0 [RADAR (3)]

[0] key

[RADAR (3)] 1 [RADAR (2)] 2 BARGE MK OFF/ON 3 BARGE SIZE LENGTH=000 ft WIDTH = 00 ft 4 [BARGE INFORMATION] 5 ORIGIN MK DISP NO./SYMBOL 6 ORIGIN MK STAB GND/SEA 7 ANTENNA REVOLUTION LOW/HIGH 8 RADAR NO. 1/2 9 TUNE MAN/AUTO 0 TUNE INITIALIZE

*3: Does not appear on SM-type radar.

Figure 1-41 RADAR menus

1-39

1.33 Function Keys

The four function keys (#1-4) on the control head serve for a macro function to instantly select a combination of assigned functions or settings. The function keys provide optimum radar settings for a specific purpose with a single key operation.

Each function key can be assigned a combination of particular radar settings that will be most suited to your specific navigating purpose, and an adhesive label (such as BUOY, HARBOR, COAST or the like) is usually attached to the key top for easy identification of the assigned purpose.

The individual function keys are preset, or programmed, for the following purposes by qualified service personnel at the time of installation using the procedures described in the succeeding paragraphs:

Function keys #1, #2 and #3: Picture setup and specific operation Function key #4: Specific operation or watch alarm

POWER

ANTENNA

TUNE

DEGAUSS ERR

BRILLIANCE

OFF ON

EBL

A/C RAIN A/C SEA GAIN

#1 #2

#3 #4

RANGE

STBY

FUNCTION keys #1: SET-UP 1 #2: SET-UP 2 #3: SET-UP 3 #4: SET-UP 4

Figure 1-42 Control head, function keys

1.33.1 Picture setup

Suppose that you have been navigating along a coast for hours and now you are approaching a harbor, your final destination. You will have to adjust your radar to change from the settings for coastal navigation to those for harbor approach. Every time your navigating environment or task changes, you must adjust the radar, which can be a nuisance in a busy situation. Instead of changing radar settings case by case, it is possible to assign the function keys to provide optimum settings for often encountered situations.

The radar’s internal computer offers several picture setup options to be assigned to each function key for your specific navigating requirements. For instance, one of the function keys may be assigned the buoy detecting function and labeled BUOY on the key top. If you press this key , the radar will be instantly set for optimum detection of navigation buoys and similar objects and the label BUOY is shown at the left margin of the screen. If you repress the same key, the radar returns to the previous settings.

1-40

The picture setup options assignable to any of the function keys are as shown in the table below.

Table 1-2 Picture setup options

lebaLnoitpircseDlebaLnoitpircseD

YOUBgnitcetedrofgnittesmumitpO

slessevllams,syoubnoitagivan

stcejboecafrusllamsrehtodna

TROHSegnartrohsrofgnittesmumitpO

foelacsegnaragnisunoitceted

sselroMS3

GNISIURCfoelacsegnaragnisugnisiurcroF

regralroMS5.1

TSAOCagnisunoitagivanlatsaocroF

sselroMS21foelacsegnar

HGUOR

AES

niaryvaehro

PIHSgnitcetedrofgnittesmumitpO

slessev

GNOLegnargnolrofgnittesmumitpO

regralroMS6foelacs

ROBRAHegnartrohsrofgnittesmumitpO

AESagnisuegayovcinaecosnarT

rehtaewhguorrofgnittesmumitpO

REVIRnonoitagivanrofgnittesmumitpO

revira

agnisuaerarobrahaninoitagivan

sselroMS5.1foelacsegnar

regnolroMS21foelacsegnar

Each picture setup option defines a combination of several radar settings for achieving optimum setup for a particular navigating situation. Those involved are interference rejector, echo stretch, echo average, automatic anti-clutter, pulselength and noise rejector settings.

Adjusting these features on a function key menu changes the original function key settings. To restore the original settings for a particular function key, it is necessary to display the relevant function key menu and select appropriate menu options.

Note: Function key presetting requires a good knowledge of optimum radar settings. If you want to change the original function key settings, consult your nearest FURUNO representative or dealer.

1.33.2 Specific operation

Most often used controls are placed on the center panel while less often used controls are provided in the menu. To avoid opening the menus to set up the radar for a particular situation, function keys #1, #2, #3 and #4 may be assigned a combination of the following settings at the time of installation.

- Target trails (See paragraph 1.26.)

- Echo stretch 1,2 or 3 (See paragraph 1.23.)

- Pulsewidth 1 or 2 (See paragraph 1.12.)

- Echo averaging 1, 2 or 3 (See paragraph 1.24.)

- Echo color (See paragraph 1.32.)

- Panel illumination

- Marks brilliance

- Noise rejection

Provided that the function key is assigned the specific operation feature, press the key to instantly set the radar for the preset purpose. The corresponding label will be displayed at the left margin of the screen. If you re-press the function key, the radar returns to the previous settings.

1-41

1.33.3 W atch alarm

The watch alarm sounds an external buzzer at selected time intervals to help you keep regular watch of the radar picture for safety or other purposes. This feature can be assigned to function key #4 with a choice of alarm intervals of 6, 10, 12, 15 and 20 minutes. (See the flowchart on page 1-45 for sequence.)

Provided that function key #4 is assigned the watch alarm feature, just press function key #4 to activate the feature. The label W ATCH appears at the lower-right corner of the screen associated with a watch alarm timer counts down from the initial value (for example, “12:00”).

When a preset time interval has elapsed, an audible watch alarm is released and the label WATCH turns red and the watch alarm timer freezes at “0:00.”

To silence the alarm, press the [AUDIO OFF] key . The label WA TCH turns to normal color and the watch alarm timer is reset to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.

If you press the [AUDIO OFF] key before the selected time interval is reached, the watch alarm timer is reset to the initial value and starts the count-down sequence again.

1-42

1.33.4 Setting for function keys #1/#2/#3

RADAR MENU

[FUNCTIONS (1)]

1 TARGET TRAILS 2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 ZOOM 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0]

[FUNCTIONS (2)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (1)]

2 BKGD COLOR

BLK (GRN CHAR)/ BLK (RED CHAR)/ BLU (ECHO AREA) BLU/

BRT BLU 3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN

MAN = 00.0KT

(STW/SOG)

7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN

SET = 000.0° DRIFT = 00.0KT

8 INDEX LINES NO.2 VRM/MAN

MAN = 00.00SM 9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

[0]

[FUNCTIONS (3)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

2 [RADAR (1)] 3 [FUNCTION KEY 1] 4 [FUNCTION KEY 2] 5 [FUNCTION KEY 3] 6 [FUNCTION KEY 4] 7 RADAR1/2 8 INTER SWITCH 9 GYRO SETTING EBL = xxx.x° 0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

[3]

[FUNCTION KEY 1] (PICT) 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

2 FUNC KEY1 PICTURE/OPERATION 3 PICTURE FUNC1/BUOY/SHIP/

SHORT/LONG/CRUISING/ HARBOR/COAST/SEA/

ROUGH SEA/RIVER/BIRD 4 INT REJECT OFF/1/2/3 5 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 6 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 7 A/C AUTO OFF/ON 8 [FUNC 1 PULSE WD] 9 NOISE REJECT OFF/ON 0 VIDEO CONTRAST 1/2/3

[8]

[FUNC 1 PULSE WD] 1 [FUNCTION KEY 1]

2 0.5 SM S1/S2 3 0.75 SM S1/S2/M1 4 1.5 SM S1/S2/M1 5 3 SM S2/M1/M2/M3 6 6 SM M1/M2/M3/L 7 12-24 SM M2/M3/L

[2] [2] to toggle between OPERATION and PICTURE menu.

[FUNCTION KEY 1] (OPR) 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

2 FUNC KEY1 PICTURE/OPERATION 3 OPERATION TARGET TRAILS/TARGET ALARM/ARPA/ VIDEO PLOT/ZOOM/ BKGD COLOR/INDEX LINES/ INT REJECT/2ND ECHO/ORIGIN MARK/ PLS WD 1/PLS WD 2/ ECHO STRETCH 1/2/3/ ECHO AVG 1/2/3/ ECHO COLOR/ CHAR BRILL/MARK BRILL/ TRAIL BRILL/RINGS BRILL/ EBL BRILL/VRM BRILL/ +CURSOR BRILL/HL BRILL/ PLOT BRILL/ L/L BRILL/ CHART BRILL/NOISE REJECT/ BARGE MK/ BARGE CONFIGURATION

Figure 1-43 Keying sequence for setting functions keys #1/#2/#3

1-43

Picture setup default for function keys 1, 2 and 3

Table 1-3 Picture setup default for Function Keys 1, 2 and 3

TNI.4

REVIR21FFOFFOFFOS1S1S2S1M2M

YOUB323FFONO1S2S2S1M2ML

PIHS323FFONO1S2S2S1M2ML

TROHS2FFOFFOFFOFFO1S1S1S2S1M2M

GNOL323FFONO1S1S1S2S1M2M

GNISIURC3FFO3 FFONO2S2S2S2ML L

ROBRAH3FFOFFOFFOFFO1S1S1S2S1M2M TSAOC3FFOFFOFFOFFO1S1S2S1ML L NAECO2FFO3 FFOFFO1S2S2S1M2ML

AESHGUOR2FFO2 FFOFFO1S1S2S1M2ML

SE.5VAE.6C/A.7

TCEJER

OTUA

.JER

ESION.9

noL/P MS5.0

noL/P

MS57.0

noL/P

MS5.1

noL/P

MS3

MS6

noL/P

MS42-21

1-44

1.33.5 Setting for function key #4

RADAR MENU

[FUNCTIONS (1)]

1 TARGET TRAILS 2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0]

[FUNCTIONS (2)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (1)]

2 BKGD COLOR

BLK (GRN CHAR)/ BLK (RED CHAR)/ BLU (ECHO AREA) BLU/

BRT BLU 3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN

MAN = xx.xKT (STW/SOG)

7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN

SET = 000.0° DRIFT=00.0KT

8 INDEX LINES NO.2 VRM/MAN

MAN = 00.00SM 9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

[0]

[FUNCTIONS (3)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

2 [RADAR (1)] 3 [FUNCTION KEY 1] 4 [FUNCTION KEY 2] 5 [FUNCTION KEY 3] 6 [FUNCTION KEY 4] 7 RADAR1/2 8 INTER SWITCH 9 GYRO SETTING EBL = xxx.x° 0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

[6]

[FUNCTION KEY 4] (OPR) 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)] 2 FUNC KEY4 OPERATION/WATCH/ALARM 3 OPERATION TARGET TRAILS/TARGET ALARM/ARPA/ VIDEO PLOT/ZOOM/ BKGD COLOR/INDEX LINES/ INT REJECT/2ND ECHO/ORIGIN MARK/ PLS WD1/PLS WD 2/ ECHO STRETCH 1/ 2/ 3/ ECHO AVG 1/ 2 / 3/ ECHO COLOR/ CHAR BRILL/MARK BRILL/ TRAIL BRILL/RINGS BRILL/ EBL BRILL/VRM BRILL/ +CURSOR BRILL/HL BRILL/ PLOT BRILL/ L/L BRILL CHART BRILL/ NOISE REJECT/ BARGE MK/ BARGE CONFIGURATION

Press [2] once or twice to toggle between OPERATION and WATCH

[6]

1 [FUNCTIONS (3)] 2 FUNC KEY4 OPERATION/WATCH/ALARM 3 WATCH ALARM INTERVAL 6/10/12/15/20 MIN

ALARM followed by ENTER key.

[FUNCTION KEY 4] (WATCH ALARM)

Figure 1-44 Keying sequence for setting functions keys #4

1-45

1.34 Barge Information

Do the following to display the barge information.

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0], [0], [2], [0] and [0] to display the RADAR 3 menu.

2. Press the [2] key twice to select BARGE MK ON, followed by the [ENTER] key.

3. Press the [3] key to select BARGE SIZE and enter length and width of a barge, followed by the [ENTER] key.

4. Press the [4] key to display the BARGE INFORMATION menu.

5. Enter number of barges in first row, followed by the [ENTER] key.

6. Enter the number of barges for 2nd, 3rd, 4th and/or 5th row followed by the [ENTER] key. The barge information appears on the radar display.

1.35 Radar Map

A radar map is a combination of map lines and symbols whereby the user can define and input the navigation, route planning and monitoring data on the radar equipment. Map lines are a navigational facility whereby the observer can define lines to indicate channels or traffic separation schemes. Also called nav lines, these lines can be ground stabilized to stop them drifting. (Definition in Annex C of IEC 60936-1 and IEC 60872-1)

In this series of radar, a radar map may contain 150 points of mark and line data on one map. 10 maps can the memorized to facilitate the repeated use on the routine navigation area.

The user can create a radar map on a real-time basis while using the radar for navigation or at leisure time at anchor or while the radar is not being used. Place of a map can be made for any waterways apart from the actual own ship location. The map data is stored on the EEROM card which is mounted on the main processor board socket. When the optional Video Plotter board RP-26 and RAM card are installed in the display unit, much more data can be created and copied to another card.

1.35.1 General operation procedure

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key to show the NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.

2. Press the [2] key to select the SELECT NAVAID operation.

3. Press the [2] key again to select navigation data input device, followed by the [ENTER] key .

4. Also, set other nav data parameters as appropriate.

5. Press the [NAV MENU] key to close the NAV INFORMATION menu.

1-46

Notes on radar map operation

1) Own ship position display requires an input from radionavigational equipment such as a GPS receiver in accordance with the data format as defined by IEC 61162-1.

2) Wind, water current, depth, water temperature are not displayed when relevant sensors are not fitted.

1.35.2 Making a radar map

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key to display the NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.

2. Press the [1] key to display the RADAR MAP menu.

3. Press the [2] key twice to set MAP ON, then press the [ENTER] key.

4. Press the [8] key to select the MAP DISP SELECT menu.

[MAP DISP SELECT] 1 [RADAR MAP] 2 DANGER HIGHLIGHT OFF/ON 3 COAST LINE OFF/ON 4 MARK OFF/ON 5 NAV LINE OFF/ON 6 PROHIBITED AREAS OFF/ON 7 BUOY OFF/ON 8 CONTOUR LINE OFF/ON

Figure 1-45 MAP DISP SELECT menu

5. Press appropriate numeric key twice to select ON, then press the [ENTER] key.

6. Press the [NAV MENU] key to close the menu.

Mark entry mode

Marks can be entered by cursor position, L/L position (manual entry), or own ship position.

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key to display the NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.

2. Press the [1] key to display the RADAR MAP menu.

3. Press the [6] key and further press the [6] key to select the entry mode; cursor, L/L or own ship position.

4. Press the [ENTER] key followed by the [NAV MENU] key.

5. Press the [MARK] key to read the following legends.

1-47

[ENTER MARK] 00°00.000 N/S 5-N 6-S 000°00.000 E/W 7-E 8-W MARK 01

01 11 21 LINE CHANGE 02 12 22 MARK CANCEL 03 13 04 14 05 15 06 16 NAV LINE 07 17 COAST LINE 08 X 18 CONTOUR LINE 09 19 PROHIBITED AREAS 10 20 CABLE

CANCEL ENTER MARK: CANCEL KEY

* Appears when L/L mode is selected (step 3).

Figure 1-46 Marks for radar map

6. Select a wanted position, followed by the [ENTER] key. Positions can be selected either by the Trackball, lat/lon values, or at own ship.

7. Select a desired mark by the corresponding number followed by the [ENTER] key.

8. Repeat steps 6-7. To enter the same mark selected, simply repeat step 6.

9. To erase a mark entered, enter 22, place the cursor to the mark you want to erase and then press the [CANCEL] key.

10.To escape the mark entry mode, press the [CANCEL] key.

Example: How to draw a coastline

1. Press the [MARK] key.

2. Enter 17 to select COAST LINE and press the [ENTER] key.

3. Place the cursor mark on a required position and press the [ENTER] key.

4. Place the cursor at a next position and press the [ENTER] key. One line appears connecting designated two points.

5. Repeat step 4 to establish the coastline.

6. To enter more than one of the same type of line, after entering one line, enter 21 and press the [ENTER] key. Then, repeat steps 2 to 5.

7. To draw other lines, enter line number (for example, 18 for contour line), followed by the [ENTER] key. Repeat step 3.

8. To erase a line segment entered, enter 22, place the cursor to the point to erase and then press the [CANCEL] key . For example, if point 4 is erased on the figure below , line segment 3-4 is erased.

1-48

1.35.3 Storing the map data

When you have made a map, store it with a map number as follows:

1. Press [NAV MENU], [1] to display the RADAR MAP menu.

2. Press the [7] key to show the ENTRY MAP menu.

3. Press the [2] key and enter map number by numeral key , followed by the [ENTER] key .

4. Press the [NAV MENU] key to leave this menu.

1.35.4 Displaying a radar map

1. Press [NAV MENU ], [1] to display the RADAR MAP.

2. Press the [3] key and enter the map number you want to display.

3. Press the [ENTER] key.

North marker

000

Separation zone

Target being tracked

290

280

300

310

320

330

340

350

010

020

030

W012

Heading marker

040

050

060

Waypoint

Navline

Own ship safe contour

070

Heading line

080

Planned route

270

260

090

100

Own ship vector

250

240

Dangerous side of own ship safe contour may be marked like this.

230

220

210

200

190

W011

180

170

140

150

160

120

130

Waypoint

110

Approximate coastline

Past position ARPA: Equally time-spaced positions of any targets being tracked. Note-not equally geographically spaced. EPA: Past plot positions may not be equally time-spaced, up to the operator.

Figure 1-47 Sample radar map

4. Press [1], [7] in that order to display the NAV LINE menu.

5. Press the [4] key twice to select NA V WIDTH ON and enter navigation width in nautical mile.

6. Press the [ENTER] key followed by the [NAV MENU] key.

1-49

1.35.5 Erasing contents of a radar map

1. Press [NAV MENU], [1] and [9] to display MAP ERASE menu.

[MAP ERASE] 1 [RADAR MAP] 2 DANGER HIGHLIGHT OFF/ALL 3 COAST LINE OFF/ALL 4 MARK OFF/ALL 5 NAV LINE OFF/ALL 6 PROHIBITED AREAS OFF/ALL 7 BUOY OFF/ALL 8 CONTOUR LINE OFF/ALL

Figure 1-48 MAP ERASE menu

2. Press a wanted number key twice to select ON or ALL, followed by the [ENTER] key.

3. Press the [NAV MENU] key to leave the menu.

1.36 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes

In certain situations, echoes from very distant targets may appear as false echoes (second-trace echoes) on the screen. This occurs when the return echo is received one transmission cycle later, that is, after a next radar pulse has been transmitted.

To activate or deactivate the second-trace echo rejector:

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0], [0], [2] and [0] to show the RADAR 2 menu.

2. Press the [9] key to select 2ND ECHO.

3. Further press the [9] key to activate (ON) or deactivate (OFF) the second-trace echo rejector.

4. Press the [ENTER] key to register your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key to close the RADAR menu.

1.37 Displaying External Waypoint and Navigation

Line

Waypoint or navigation line defined on another navaid can be displayed by setting WAYPOINT and NAV LINE menus as follows.

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key.

2. Press [8], [2] for waypoint or [7], [2] for navigation line if video plotter is not provided.

Note: When the waypoint is more than 5000 nm away from own ship, the data shows “>*5000 nm”.

1-50

1.38 Adjusting Brilliance of Screen Data

You can adjust relative brilliance levels of various marks and alphanumeric readouts displayed on the screen by the steps below:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] and [9] keys to show the BRILLIANCE 1 menu. To display the BRILLIANCE 2 menu, further press the [0] key.

3. Select a desired menu item by pressing the corresponding numeric key. As an example, press [8] in the BRILLIANCE 1 menu if you want to change the brilliance of target trails.

4. Further press the same numeric key as you pressed in step 3 above to select or highlight a desired brilliance level.

5. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key to close the menu.

RADAR MENU

[FUNCTIONS (1)]

1 TARGET TRAILS 2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 ZOOM 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0]

[FUNCTIONS (2)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (1)]

2 BKGD COLOR

BLK (GRN CHAR)/ BLK (RED CHAR)/ BLU (ECHO AREA) BLU/

BRT BLU 3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAVMAN

MAN = 00.0KT (STW/SOG)

7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN

SET = 000.0° DRIFT=00.0KT

8 INDEX LINES NO.2 VRM/MAN

MAN = 00.00NM 9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

[9]

1 [FUNCTIONS (2)] 2 RINGS BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT 3 EBL BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 4 VRM BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 5 +CURSOR BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT 6 CHAR BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 7 MARK BRIL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 8 TRAIL BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 9 HL BRILL DIM/M/BRT 0 [BRILLIANCE (2)]

1 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 2 PLOT BRILL OFF/DIM/M1/M2/BRT 3 L/L GRID BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 4 CHART BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT 5 SYMBOLS BRILL DIM/M1/M2/BRT

[BRILLIANCE (1)]

[0]

[BRILLIANCE (2)]

Figure 1-49 Sequence for selection of brilliance options

1-51

The table below describes which menu item adjusts the brilliance of which picture element.

Table 1-4 Brilliance menu option and function adjusted

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detsujda

SGNIRsgniregnardexiFLBEgniraebcinortcelE

MRVegnarelbairaV

dna1.oNsrekram

2.oN

RAHCciremunahplA

stuodaer

LIARTsliarttegraTLHdnaenilgnidaeH

TOLPdnaAPErofstolP

62-PRA

TRAHCstrahCSLOBMYSslobmystolP

L/LdnaedutitaL

metIuneMsnoitcnuF

detsujda

dna1.oNsenil

2.oN

ROSRUC+dellortnoc-llabkcarT

rosruc

KRAMelacsgniraeB

rekramnrets

senildirgedutignol

Note: You should adjust the entire CRT brilliance by operating the [BRILLIANCE] control before adjusting the respective brilliance levels on the BRILLIANCE 1 and 2 menu.

1.39 Display of Wind/T ide/Depth/T ime

Wind

Wind, ocean current and depth sounding data can be displayed as follows:

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key to show the NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.

2. Press the [9] key twice to set WIND DATA ON and press the [ENTER] key.

3. Press the [0] key to show NAV INFORMATION 2 menu.

4. Press the [2] key twice to set WIND GRAPH ON and press the [ENTER] key.

Echo sounding depth and tide

1. Do the same to indicate ocean current graph and echo-sounding chart. Depth scales can be selected among 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 m. The echogram shows the last 30 minutes of depths along the ship’s track.

2. Press the [NAV MENU] key followed by the [0] key to display the NAV INFORMATION 1 menu.

3. Press the [2] key to display WIND DATA ON and press the [ENTER] key.

4. Press the [5] key to display CURRENT GRAPH ON and press the [ENTER] key.

5. Press the [NAV MENU] key to close the NAV MENU.

1-52

Note: Wind data and current data require appropriate sensors. The depth data requires

an adequate echo-sounding equipment. The echogram shows the last 30 minutes of depths along the ship’s track. Wind vector shows a direction from which the wind blows in, relative to own ship heading, and labeled T*. Wind velocity is a true wind speed as a result of compensating for own ship’s speed and orientation. Ocean current (tide) is the direction to which the current is flowing away from os position, relative to north.

* T in this case means a true value while T denotes “relative to True North” in the case of EBLs and target ship vectors.

OS heading

0 20 40

100 m

Current relative to north, full scale 10 kt

Wind direction relative to OS heading, full scale 100 kt.

Wind velocity is calculated value to exclude the ship's orientation and speed.

Present depth

Last 30 minutes of depth

20 10 min

(b) Depth Data

(a) Wind Data in Head-up Mode

Figure 1-50 Depth and wind data displays

1.40 Displaying the Rate-of-Turn Scale

If a rate-of-turn meter is connected to this radar, the rate-of-turn scale can be displayed at the top of the radar screen.

1. Press the [NAV MENU] key.

2. Press the [0] key twice to display the NAV INFORMATION 3 menu.

3. Press the [8] key to select ROT SCALE.

4. Further press the [8] key to turn the rate-of-turn display on or off and select display range (in degrees).

Rate-of-Turn Scale

010

/MIN

AUTO TUNE

HDG 123.4°T GYRO

SPEED 14.8KT WT LOG

020

ANT1 MAIN

0.75

/0.25SM

+0.350SM

330.0° T HEAD UP RM

2ND

340

350

0° 30° 60° 90°30°60°90°

000

Figure 1-51 Rate-of-turn scale

1-53

1.41 Alarms

The table below summarizes alarms which may occur at various warning conditions.

Table 1-5 Alarms

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tegraTmrala

)ZAT(

mralahctaWspeeB00:0HCTAW

nol/talpihsnwO

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eruliafmetsySenoNLANGISGRB"egasseM

tcerrocnI

ekortsyek

speeB.sehsalftegraTsserPnoyek]2[

enoNnoitisoppihsnwoni"*.***"

snrut"HCTAW"lebalehT(

sezeerftnuocemitdnader

.)".00:0"ta

dleif

"*.***dleifnoitisoprosrucni"

tasraeppa"GNISSIM

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ERULIAFMETSYS.seohce

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enotpeebelbuoDenoNsiekortsyektcerroC

.unem1NOITCNUF

)12.1hpargaraP(

]FFOOIDUA[ehtsserP

yek. HCTAWlebalehT

dnaoedivlamronotsnrut

tesersiremiteht

1hpargaraP()3.33..

pihsnwotahterusekaM

morfdefsiatadnoitisop

vanoidarlanretxe

.tnempiuqe

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.nositnemtrapmoc

peebelgnisaybdednopser

PEEBYEKtahtdedivorp

ehttadetcelessiNO

.unem2RADAR

eruliafgoLspeeb2,dernisraeppa".*.**GOL"

eruliafSFPEpeebsuounitnoCgninrawehtniderniSFPE

ehtesu,deliafsahgolehtfI

roftupnisilangisgolonfi

deepspihsehtelihwces03

.tk0.5nahteromneebsah

ehT.llecnoitacidnidna sraeppaoslanoitacidni

siedomSPGehtnehw

dnaSPGneewtebdehctiws

.SPGD

ro,edomdeepSlaunaM

.rosnesetairporpparehto

sserp,peebehtecnelisoT

.yek]FFOOIDUA[eht

1-54

Table 1-5 Alarms (con’t.)

tluaFmralaelbiduAmralalausiVsutatsmralatiuqoT

noitacidniGOS

NOISILLOC

ROTCEVEURT

noitacidni

TOLPETADPUenoNaretneotdeliafevahuoyfI

NOISILLOCpeebsuounitnoCni(nosemocNOISILLOC

enoN

peebsuounitnoC

enoNROTCEVEURTlebalehT

.sehsalf

.esruoc

deepS(GOSlebalehT

nehwdersnrut)dooGedaM

nodetcelessinoitpoGOS

ehtdnaunemeht

deepS(EMDSdetaicossa gnirusaeMecnatsiDdna )goldeeps=tnempiuqE

mottobatcetedotsliaf

nignitluser,deepsgnikcart "retawhguorhtdeepS"eht

neercsehttadersnrut

eurTehtnehwretnec

ehtotsnruterdna,edom

ehtniroloctxetlamron

.edomMTpu-htroN

tolP.sehsalfnoitacidnisiht

oslategratfolobmys

-ATAro-APEnehw)der

.]6[

.yllacitamotuaedom)WTS(

MRehtnidetcelessirotceV

,nim01nihtiwtolpAPEtxen

noisillocnositegratdekcart

tonseodradarehT

otflestiteseryllacitamotua neveatadGOSnaeviecer

asniagerEMDSehtfi

oT.deepsgnikcartmottob

sserp,noitacidniGOSesare

,]0[,]UNEMRADAR[syek

gnihsalfehteriuqca-eR

tievaeL.nim5nihtiwtegrat

.tnatropmitonsitifi

ronoitcaevisaveekaT

fognikcartdetanimret

lausiv,nehT.tegrat

.ffoseogsnoitacidni

mralAenoZdrauGpeebsuounitnoCdernisraeppaZGlebalehT

draugasretnetegratafi

ybdeksamsitegraT.enoz

.elgnairtdetrevnignihsalfa

mralATUOZGenoNneebsahelacsegnarehtfI

ehtfoenoekamotdecuder

5.1nahteromnoitisopsZG

,elacsegnarehtfosemit

sraeppaTUOZGlebaleht

.derni

.tegrat

.ZG

yek]FFOOIDUA[ehtsserP

gnidneffoegdelwonkcaot

foelacsegnarehtegnahC

1-55

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2.1 General

2.1.1 Minimum and maximum ranges

Minimum range

The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which, using a scale of 1.5 or

0.75 nm, a target having an echoing area of 10 m2 is still shown separate from the point representing the antenna position.

It is mainly dependent on the pulselength, antenna height, and signal processing such as main bang suppression and digital quantization. It is a good practice to use a shorter range scale as far as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture. The IMO Resolution A. 477 (XII) and IEC 936 require the minimum range to be less than 50 m. All FURUNO radars satisfy this requirement.

Maximum range

The maximum detecting range of the radar, Rmax, varies considerably depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline, the height of the target above the sea, the size, shape and material of the target, and the atmospheric conditions.

Under normal atmospheric conditions, the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little shorter. The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 6% because of the diffraction property of the radar signal. The Rmax is given in the following equation.

= 2.2 x ( h1 + h2 )

max

where Rmax: radar horizon (nautical miles)

h1: antenna height (m)

h2: target height (m)

Radar horizon

Optical horizon

Figure 2-1 Radar horizon

For example, if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the target is 16 meters, the maximum radar range is;

= 2.2 x ( 9 + 16 ) = 2.2 x (3 + 4) = 15.4 nm

max

It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation (which absorbs the radar signal).

2-1

X-band and S-band

In fair weather, the above equation does not give a significant difference between X- and S-band radars. However, in heavy precipitation condition, an S-band radar would have better detection than an X-band radar.

2.1.2 Radar resolution

There are two important factors in radar resolution (discrimination): bearing resolution and range resolution.

Bearing resolution

Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets which are at the same range and close together . It is proportional to the antenna length and reciprocally proportional to the wavelength. The length of the antenna radiator should be chosen for a bearing resolution better than 2.5° (IMO Resolution). This condition is normally satisfied with a radiator of 1.2 m (4 ft) or longer in the Xband. The S-band radar requires a radiator of about 12 feet (3.6 m) or longer.

Range resolution

Range resolution is the ability to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets which are on the same bearing and close to each other. This is determined by pulselength only. Practically, a 0.08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimination better than 35 m as do so with all FURUNO radars.

Test targets for determining the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors having an echoing area of 10 m2.

2.1.3 Bearing accuracy

One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target can be measured. The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the narrowness of the radar beam. However, the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship’s heading, and thus, proper adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy. To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target, put the target echo at the extreme position on the screen by selecting a suitable range.

2.1.4 Range measurement

Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar . Generally , there are two means of measuring range: the fixed range rings and the variable range marker (VRM). The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target. The variable range marker’s diameter is increased or decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target, allowing the operator to obtain more accurate range measurements.

2-2

2.2 False Echoes

Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear even if there are targets. They are, however, recognized if you understand the reason why they are displayed. Typical false echoes are shown below.

2.2.1 Multiple echoes

Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship, bridge, or breakwater. A second, a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double, triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below. Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain (sensitivity) or properly adjusting the [A/C SEA] control.

True echo

Target

Own ship

Multiple echo

Figure 2-2 Multiple echoes

2.2.2 Sidelobe echoes

Every time the radar pulse is transmitted, some radiation escapes on each side of the beam, called “sidelobes.” If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobe, the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range. Sidelobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets. They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the A/ C SEA control.

Target A

Target B (Spurious)

Figure 2-3 Sidelobe echoes

Target B (True)

2-3

2.2.3 Virtual image

, ,

A relatively large target close to your ship may be represented at two positions on the screen. One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship as shown in the figure below. If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge, for example, such a false echo may temporarily be seen on the screen.

Target ship

Own ship

True

echo

Mirror image

of target ship

False echo

Figure 2-4 Virtual image

2.2.4 Shadow sectors

Funnels, stacks, masts, or derricks in the path of the antenna block the radar beam. If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees, a non-detecting sector may be produced. Within this sector targets can not be detected.

Radar antenna

Radar mast

Shadow sector

Figure 2-5 Shadow sectors

2-4

2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

A Search and Rescue Transponder (SART) may be triggered by any X-Band (3 cm) radar within a range of approximately 8 nm. Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band. When interrogated, it first sweeps rapidly (0.4 µs) through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep (7.5 µs) through the band back to the starting frequency. This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles. At some point in each sweep, the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver . If the SART is within range, the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display , thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0.64 nautical miles will be shown.

When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm, the radar display may show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps. These additional dot responses, which also are equally spaced by 0.64 nm, will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots. They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots.

Echo of SART

Position of SART

Screen A: When SART is distant

Radar antenna beamwidth

24 NM

Own ship’s position

9500 MHz 9200 MHz

7.5 µs

Sweep start

Low speed sweep signal

Screen B: When SART is close

1.5 NM

Own ship’s

SART mark length

Sweep time

95 µs

High speed sweep signal

position

Radar receiver bandwidth

Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs.

Echo of SART

Position of SART

Figure 2-6 Appearance of SART signal on the radar display

2.3.1 General procedure for detecting SART response

1. Use the range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART responses is about 0.6 nm (1125 m) to distinguish the SART.

2. Turn off the automatic clutter suppression.

3. Turn off the Interference Rejector.

4. Turn off the Echo Average.

2-5

2.3.2 General remarks on receiving SART

SART range errors

When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible (when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm), the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0.64 nm beyond the true position of the SART. When the range closes so that the fast sweep responses are seen also, the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position.

Radar bandwidth

This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulselength. Narrow bandwidths of 3-5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10-25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges.

Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly, so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART.

Radar side lobes

As the SART is approached, sidelobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings. These can be removed by the use of the anti-clutter sea control although it may be operationally useful to observe the sidelobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to the ship.

Gain

For maximum range SART detection the normal gain setting for long range detection should be used, that is, with background noise speckle visible.

A/C SEA control

For optimum range SART detection, this control should be set to the minimum. Care should be exercised as wanted target in sea clutter may be obscured. Note also that in clutter conditions the first few dots of the SART response may not be detectable, irrespective of the setting of the anti-clutter sea control. In this case, the position of the SART may be estimated by measuring 9.5 nm miles from the furthest dot back towards own ship.

Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter sea control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual.

2-6

A/C RAIN control

This should be used normally (to break up areas of rain) when trying to detect a SART response which, being a series of dots, is not affected by the action of the anti-clutter rain circuitry. Note that Racon responses, which are often in the form of a long flash, will be affected by the use of this control.

Some sets have automatic/manual anti-clutter rain control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual.

Note: This SART information is excerpted from IMO SN/Circ 197 Operation of Marine Radar for SART Detection.

2.4 RACON (Radar Beacon)

A racon is a radar transponder which emits a characteristic signal when triggered by a ship’s radar (usually only the 3 centimeter band). The signal may be emitted on the same frequency as that of the triggering radar, in which case it is superimposed on the ship's radar display automatically.

The racon signal appears on the PPI as a radial line originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon or as a Morse code signal (figure below) displayed radially from just beyond the beacon.

Racon

Figure 2-9 Appearance of RACON signal on the radar display

2-7

3. MAINTENANCE

Periodic checks and maintenance are important for proper operation of any electronic systems. This chapter contains maintenance instructions to be followed to obtain optimum performance and the longest possible life of the equipment.

WARNING

Do not open the equipment.

Hazardous voltage which can cause electrical shock exists inside the equipment. Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.

Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the antenna unit. Post a warning sign near the switch indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna unit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk of being struck by the rotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard.

POWER Switch in AC Powered Display Unit

FOR TECHNICIANS The display unit designed to run on AC

power has a power switch inside its base which cuts off 100/200 VAC power to the display unit. Pull the display unit forward several centimeters to access the switch. TURN THE SWITCH OFF (as well as the main POWER switch) WHENEVER ACCESSING INSIDE THE DISPLAY UNIT.

POWER Switch

J106 J105

J104 J103

Wear a safety belt and hard hat when working on the antenna unit.

Serious injury or death can result if someone falls from the radar antenna mast.

J446 J466 J462

J465

Display unit, inside view

3-1

3.1 Periodic Maintenance Schedule

Table 3-1 Periodic maintenance schedule

lavretnItniopkcehCserusaemdnakcehCskrameR

6ot3

shtnom

-ilauqrof(

-hcetdeif

snaicin

)ylno

6ot3

shtnom

-ilauqrof(

-hcetdeif

snaicin

)ylno

shtnom6

enoot

raey

-ilauqrof(

-hcetdeif

snaicin

)ylno

stundesopxE

nostlobdna

tinuannetna

annetnA

rotaidar

lanimreT

dnaspirts

nisgulp

annetnatinu

dnaTRC

gnidnuorrus

stnenopmoc

.stnenopmoc

denesoolrodedorrocrofkcehC

naelc,yrassecenfI.stlobdnastun

ecalpeR.ylkcihtmehttniaperdna

.dedorrocylivaehfimeht

noskcarcdnatridrofkcehC

dluohstridkcihT.ecafrusrotaidar

htolctfoshtiwffodepiweb

afi.retawhserfhtiwdenepmad

thgilsaylppa,dnuofsikcarc

rodnuopmocgnilaesfotnuoma

,ydemeryraropmetasaevisehda

.riaperrofllacneht

kcehcotrevocannetnanepO

gulpdnapirtslanimret

kcehcoslA.edisnisnoitcennoc

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.noitaroiretedrofsrevoc

dnaTRCtaegatlovhgiH

tcarttastnenopmocgnidnuorrus

lliwhcihwtnemnorivnenitsud

aksA.noitalusniroopesuac

egatlov-hgihlanretninaelcot

.tinu

relaedroevitatneserperONURUF

desuebyamdnuopmocgnilaeS

llamsaylppA.tniapfodaetsni

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.erutuf

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,tinuannetnamorfecievomerot citsalproremmahnedoowaesu tinuehtnokcarC.remmahdaeh

gnisuac,ssergniretawesuacyam

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nisrevocannetnagnisolcnehW

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:naicinhcetecivresroF tatiaW

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lanimret

htrae,stekcos

.cte,gnitaesreporp

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3.2 Life Expectancy of Major Parts

The hours shown in the table below are the average usage times for ocean-going ships. When the radar is mainly used for detection of small targets on long ranges the usage times will be lower than shown.

Table 3-2 Life expectancy of major parts

traPepyTycnatcepxEefiL

annetnA

rotom

nortengaMWk52,6345-GMsruoh000,3ot000,2

mpr84,175-G8D mpr42,175-G8D

sruoh000,01nahteromsraeG

3-2

3.3 Replacement of Battery

A battery installed on the RP Board or GYRO CONVER TER Board inside the display unit helps preserve the data when the power is turned off. The life of the battery is about five years.

When the battery voltage is low, NG appears at diagnostic test for RP board. Contact your dealer for replacement.

Table 3-3 Battery ordering information

BCP

emaN

draoBPRS3RE957-721-000 draoBCGL.82/1RC967-301-000

yrettaB

epyT

edoC

rebmun

3-3

4. TROUBLESHOOTING

WARNING

Do not open the equipment.

Hazardous voltage which can cause electrical shock exists inside the equipment. Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment.

Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the antenna unit. Post a warning sign near the switch indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna unit is being serviced.

Prevent the potential risk of being struck by the rotating antenna and exposure to RF radiation hazard.

POWER Switch in AC Powered Display Unit

FOR TECHNICIANS The display unit designed to run on AC

POWER Switch

J106 J105

J104 J103

Wear a safety belt and hard hat when working on the antenna unit.

Serious injury or death can result if someone falls from the radar antenna mast.

J446 J466 J462

J465

Display unit, inside view

4-1

4.1 Easy Troubleshooting

This section provides easy troubleshooting for the user.

Table 4-1 Easy troubleshooting

melborPydemeR

krampihsnwooNre unembusENIL/KRAMehttadetcelessiNOKRAMSOtahtkcehC

,htdiw,htgnel(noitamrofnipihsnwo,oslA.unemREHTOehtni

atlusnoC.sgnitteslaitininideretneneebevahdluohs).cte

.sliatedrofrelaedroevitatneserperONURUF

4.2 Advanced-level Troubleshooting

This paragraph provides information for the service technician to cure hardware and software problems. (This radar equipment contains complex modules in which fault diagnosis and repair down to component level are not possible by users.)

Table 4-2 Advanced-level troubleshooting table

melborPdnatniopkcehC

radartubnodenrutrewoP

.llataetarepotonseod

tonsilenaplortnoC

.rehtiedetanimulli

tubdetsujdaecnaillirbTRC

erutcipon

annetnAgnitatortonmsinahcemevirdannetnA.1

ydemeR

esuacelbaborp

2Fro1FesufnwolB.1

ytiralop/egatlovsniaM.2

draoBylppuSrewoP.3

spmalnoitanimullI.4

sgnittesunem3/2//1RADAR.1

egatlovTRC.2

draoBUPS.3

GRBegassemehttahteton(

nisraeppaGNISSIMGIS

)YB-TS

evirdannetnaevitcefeD.2

yalerlamreht(yalerrotom 001/044,083/022/002,2K

)CAV

draoB0719-TNI.3

.egatlov

.unem

.eractsomtu

.msinahcem

.esufnwolbecalpeR.1

tupnidnasgniriwtcerroC.2

.draoBylppuSrewoPecalpeR.3

.spmalevitcefedecalpeR.4

-llatsniyalpsidelgnisfoesacnI.1

-retniradartuohtiw(noita 1RADARerusekam,)gnihctiws

3SNOITCNUFnodetcelessi

htiwylppusegatlovhgihkcehC.2

.draoBUPSecalpeR.3

evirdrennacskcehC.1

.nottubteseryalersserP.2

.nosihctiwsannetnatahtkcehC.3

4-2

Table 4-2 Advanced-level troubleshooting table (con’t.)

melborPdnatniopkcehC

dnaatadciremunahplA

nideyalpsidtoneraskram

.sutatstimsnarT

htiwlortnoc]NIAG[tsujdA

tateslortnoc]AESC/A[

sdnegel,skraM.muminim

ontubraeppaesiondna

,kaelnoissimsnarT(.ohce

pihsnwognitneserper

).tnesbasi,noitisop

detadputonerutciProtareneGlangiSgniraeB.1

fonoitatneirotcerrocnI

erutcip

detsujdayllaunamgninuT

ytivitisnesrooptub

ydemeR

esuacelbaborp

draoBUPS.1.draoBUPSecalpeR.1

nortengaM.1

draoBrotaludoM.2

draoBUPS.3

)tinuannetna(draoB

draoBUPS.2

pukcoloediV.3

draoBUPS.1

ecafretnIoryG.2

nortengamdetaroireteD.1

CIMdenuteD.2

ecafrotaidarnotriD.3

sinoitcejerecartdnoceS.4

.NO

.elbac

.yb-dnatsgnirud

.denuteb

.tnerrucnortengamkcehC.1

.draoBrotaludoMecalpeR.2

.draoBUPSecalpeR.3

langisfonoitcennocehtkcehC.1

.draoBUPSecalpeR.2

.radarnodnaffonruT.3

LANGISGDH"egassemehT.1

ehtnehwsraeppa"GNISSIM

deviecertonsieslupgnidaeh

.ecafretniorygecalpeR.2

mn84ehtnognittimsnarT.1

nortengamkcehc,egnar

lamronwolebsitnerrucfI.tnerruc

ebyamnortengam,eulav

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tifI.tnerrucgnitcetedCIMkcehC.2

yamCIM,eulavlamronwolebsi

tsumCIM.denutedemocebevah

.ecafrusrotaidarnaelC.3

rotcejerecart-dnocesehtelbasiD.4

.63.1hpargarapotgnirrefer

radartubdegnahcegnaR

egnahctonseoderutcip

draoBUPS.2

draoBrehtoM.3

pukcoloediV.4

rotcejerecnerefretnI

ecnerefretni(elbareponi

)deyalpsidtonlevelnoitcejer

evitceffenihctertsohcE

si"2SE"ron"1SE"rehtieN(

).deyalpsid

senilxednilellarap2ylnO

)detnawsenil6(

draoBUPS.1

draoBrehtoM.2

draoBUPS.1.draoBUPSecalpeR.1

lavretnienil

yekEGNARevitcefeD.1

.deriuqereb

xednifognittestcerrocnI.1

EGNAR]-[dna]+[tihotyrT.1

-sseccusnufI.semitlarevessyek

yamdapyekfotnemecalper,luf

.draoBUPSecalpeR.2

.draoBrehtoMecalpeR.3

.radarnodnaffonruT.4

.draoBUPSecalpeR.1

.draoBrehtoMecalpeR.2

lavretnienilxednilellarapteS.1

.72.1hpargarapotgnirrefer

4-3

Table 4-2 Advanced-level troubleshooting table (con’t.)

melborPdnatniopkcehC

tonerasgniregnaR

.deyalpsid

egnartanoitanimircsidrooPtonlortnocrettulcaeS.1

tonnoitatneserpnoitomeurT

.yltcerrocgnikrow

yltcerrocdekcarttontegraTnistegratfonoitinifedrooP.1

ydemeR

esuacelbaborp

foecnaillirbehttsujdA.1

1LLIRBnosgniregnar

.unem

draoBUPS.2

.ylreporpgninoitcnuf

]EDOM[fotcatnocrooP.1

.yek

.desseccatonsinoitceleS.2

.tcerrocnisiyrtnedeepS.3

etaruccaniyalpsidMT.4

rettulcaes

.lufsseccusnufi

.draoBUPSecalpeR.2

foycneuqerfetaruccani

.rotallicsolatsyrc

.redrahelttila

.sraeppa

dna]AESC/A[tsujdA.1

draobtiucricdetaicossaecalpeR.1

]AESC/A[fognittesreporpmI.1

ylnoneessirettulcaesfI.lortnoc

tcepsus,egnaresolcyrevta

yek]EDOM[ehtsserpotyrT.1

"MT"litnuyek]EDOM[ehtsserP.2

deepspihsnwotcerrocretnE.3

.9.1hpargarapotgnirrefer

dnadeepstahterusekaM.4

.etaruccaerastupnissapmoc

otgnirreferslortnoc]NIARC/A[

.51.1dna41.1shpargarap

4.3 Diagnostic Test

A diagnostic test program is provided to enable testing of major circuit boards in the radar display unit. Note that the normal radar picture is lost during this test.

Proceed as follows to execute the diagnostic test:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] key three times to show the FUNCTIONS 4 menu.

3. Press the [3] key to select menu item TEST. Then, press the [ENTER] key. Program numbers appear. The diagnostic test is executed and the screen shows test

results as shown on the next page. OKs appear for normal operation. If NG (No good) appears, corresponding components may be defective. Consult your dealer.

4. Small squares displayed at the right bottom of the test result screen are for testing the control and keys on the control head. As you operate these controls and keys, corresponding squares are highlighted, indicating that your control/key operations are properly recognized.

5. To terminate the diagnostic test, press [STBY/TX] key once or twice.

4-4

[RADAR MENU] key

[FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 TARGET TRAILS 2 TARGET ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 ZOOM 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0] key

9 [BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

MAN = 00.00NM

[0] key

[FUNCTIONS (3)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (2)] 2 [RADAR (1)] 3 [FUNCTION KEY 1] 4 [FUNCTION KEY 2] 5 [FUNCTION KEY 3] 6 [FUNCTION KEY 4] 7 RADAR 1/2 8 INTER SWITCH 9 GYRO SETTING 0 [FUNCTIONS (4)]

[0] key

[FUNCTIONS (4)] 1 [FUNCTIONS (3)] 2 3 TEST

Figure 4-1 Keying sequence for diagnostic test

4-5

The test program checks the logic boards and the keyboard. The squares represent the corresponding keypads. Numerals indicate the position of the controls under check.

SPU Board (03P9253) Program No.

ARP Board (18P9002) Program No.

RP Board (14P0298) Program No.

** = Program Version No.

ROM test

RAM test

FR-2105V TEST

PROGRAM NO ROM RAM CRAM DIPSW MAIN 03591570** OK OK ARP 18590381** OK OK OK 1101

DSP 18590391** OK OK OK RP 03590941** OK OK OK 1111

Performance monitor and degauss switches check

Key and control check (BRILLIANCE, A/C RAIN, A/C SEA, GAIN cannot be checked.)

DRAM OK

RP BOARD BAT OK

RP CARD 1 OK CARD 2 OK

CARD 1 BAT OK CARD2 BAT OK

ANTENNA SPEED 23.8RPM

TRIG FREQ. 1005Hz

MAG CURRENT 11.1V

R. MONITOR 1.8V

TUNE IND. 0.8V

000

EBL check (Rightward increases; leftward decreases)

VRM check (Rightward increases; leftward decreases)

CRAM test

DIP SW (S1) No.

1234

No.1 at left

ARP Board 18P9002's DIP SW (S1) setting

0: ON

1: OFF

RP Board 14P0298's DIP SW (S1) setting

0: ON 1: OFF

To escape from diagnostic test, press STBY/TX key twice.

000 000

Trackball check

• Up movement and indication: Rightward increases; leftward decreases.

• Down movement and indication: Upward increases, downward decreases.

Figure 4-2 Diagnostic test results

Test pattern

A test pattern may be overlaid on the test results display by pressing the [STBY/TX] key once at the test results display.

4-6

5. ARPA ARP-26 (Option for NM-type radar)

5.1 General

This radar can accommodate an ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid) module ARP-26 complying with IMO A.823 and IEC 60987-1. This chapter describes the operation of the ARPA. For operation of normal radar, refer to Chapter 1.

Note: ARP-26 is not available with statute mile (SM)-type radar.

5.1.2 Principal specifications

Acquisition and tracking

• Automatic acquisition of up to 20 targets plus manual acquisition of 10 targets, or fully manual acquisition of 30 targets between 0.2 and 32 nm. Manual acquisition has priority over automatic acquisition. Therefore, if 20 targets have been manually acquired, the capacity for automatic acquisition is 10 targets.

• The ARPA automatically tracks all acquired targets, whether manually or automatically acquired, between 0.1 and 32 nm (0.1 and 24 nm depending on initial setting). Manually acquired targets are indicated in bold symbols and the automatically acquired targets, in thinner symbols.

Vector length: 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15, 30 minutes Orientation: True velocity or relative velocity Stabilization: Sea or Ground as selected with the [VECTOR] key. Motion trend: Displayed within 20 scans, full accuracy within 60 scans after acquisi-

tion.

Past positions: Choice of 5, 10 or 20 past positions at intervals of 30 seconds, 1, 2, 3 or

6 minutes.

Alarms: Visual and audible alarms against targets violating CPA/TCPA limits,

lost targets, targets crossing guard zone, system failure and target full status.

Trial maneuver: Predicted situation appears after selected delay (1-60 minutes).

5-1

5.2 Controls for ARPA

The ARPA uses the keys on the plotting keyboard on the right side of the control head.

PLOT MENU: Shows/hides ARP A menus. Plot Symbol keys: Select specific plot symbols for manually acquired targets. TARGET CANCEL: Terminates tracking of a single target specified by the trackball if the

key is pressed with a hit-and-release action. If the key is held depressed for about 3 seconds, tracking of all targets is terminated.

ENTER: Registers menu options selected. VECTOR: Selects true or relative presentation of target vectors. TARGET DATA: Displays data on one of tracked targets selected by the trackball. LOST TARGET: Silences the lost target aural alarm and erases the lost target symbol. ACQ: Manually acquires a target. AUDIO OFF: Silences aural alarm.

PANEL

MODE

LOST

TARGET

MARK

A/C

AUTO

ENTER

AUDIO

OFF

ACQ

TARGET

DATA

TARGET CANCEL

OFF

CENTER

EBL

TARGET

TRAILS

CANCEL

BRILL

VECTOR

CHART

ALIGN

CU, TM RESET

Figure 5-1 Plotting keypad

5.3 ARPA Menu Operation

5.3.1 Activating the ARPA function

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key.

RADAR

PLOT

NAV

2. Press the [8] key to select ARPA, instead of EPA. (The label ARPA appears at the screen center .)

5-2

5.3.2 Setting ARP A parameters

Various parameters for the ARPA are set on the ARPA 1 and ARPA 2 menus. To do this, follow the steps shown below:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] key once if you wish to go to the ARPA 2 menu.

3. Select a desired menu item by pressing the corresponding numeric key.

4. Select a menu option by pressing the same numeric key as pressed in step 3 above. If there is more than one option on the current menu item, you may need to press the numeric key several times. Press it until the desired option is highlighted. (Note that certain menu items will prompt you to enter numeric data or to define points on the radar screen with the trackball.)

5. Press the [ENTER] key to register settings.

6. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu.

[ARPA (1)] 1 VECTOR TIME 30SEC/1/2/3/6/12/15/30MIN 2 AUTO ACQ OFF/ON 3 AUTO ACQ AREA 3.6/[SET]* 4 GUARD ZONE OFF/ON 5 [GUARD ZONE SET] ** 6 TARGET BASED SPEED 7 REFERENCE TARGET VECT OFF/ON 8 COLLISION ALARM CPA 0.0KT TCPA 00.0MIN 9 [TRIAL MANEUVER] 0 [ARPA (2)]

[0] key * Set opens the [AUTO ACQ AREA SET]

[ARPA (2)] 1 [ARPA (1)] 2 TRIAL MODE STATIC/DYNAMIC 3 HISTORY OFF/ON 4 HISTORY POINTS 5/10/20 5 HISTORY INTERVAL 30SEC/1/2/3/6MIN 6 MARK SIZE STD/LARGE 7 GUARD, ACQ STABILIZE NORTH/CRT 8 [INPUT SIG CHECK (1)] 9 [ARPA TRACK TEST] 0

Figure 5-2 Sequence for setting up ARPA

sub menu which reads: 1 [ARPA (1)] 2 1/2 SET LEFT/RIGHT BOUNDARY CANCEL PREVIOUS AREA: CANCEL KEY

** This sub menu reads: (GUARD ZONE SET] 1 [ARPA (1)] 2 1/2 SET LEFT/RIGHT BOUNDARY CANCEL PREVIOUS AREA: CANCEL KEY

5-3

5.4 Start-up Procedure

The ARPA requires own ship’s speed input and heading data. The speed can be entered automatically from a speed log (SDME, Speed and Distance Measuring Equipment), navaid, or by referencing to a target-based speed (based on three max. stationary objects). Manual input is also possible.

5.4.1 Automatic speed input

For speed log input:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key and the [0] key to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

[RADAR MENU] key

[FUNCTIONS (1)] 1 TARGET TRAILS 2 GUARD ALARM (1 or 2) 3 ORIGIN MARK (1 to 10) 4 INDEX LINES 5 ZOOM 6 PULSE WIDTH 7 INT REJECT 8 ARPA 9 VIDEO PLOT 0 [FUNCTIONS (2)]

[0] key

[FUNCTIONS (2)] 1 [FUNCTIONS 1] 2 BKGD COLOR BLK(GRN CHAR)/ BLK(RED CHAR)/ BLU (ECHO AREA) BLU/ BRT BLU 3 ECHO STRETCH OFF/1/2/3 4 ECHO AVERAGE OFF/1/2/3 5 ECHO COLOR YEL/GRN/COLOR 6 SHIP SPEED LOG/NAV/MAN MAN = 00.0KT (STW/SOG) 7 SET, DRIFT OFF/MAN SET = 000.0° DRIFT = 00.0KT 8 INDEX LINES NO. 2 VRM/MAN

9 ]BRILLIANCE (1)] 0 [FUNCTIONS (3)]

MAN = 00.00NM

Figure 5-3 Keying sequence for entering ship’s speed

2. Press the [6] key to select SHIP SPEED.

3. Press the [6] key to select LOG (or NAV) option.

5-4

4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS 2 menu. The ship’s speed readout at the top of the screen shows own ship’s speed fed from the speed log preceded by the label “LOG.”

Notes on automatic speed input

1) IMO Resolution A.823(19) for ARP A recommends that a speed log to be interfaced with an ARP A should be capable of providing through-the-water speed data (forward speed).

2) Be sure not to select LOG when a speed log is not connected. If the log signal is not provided, the ship speed readout at the top of the screen will be blank. In the event of a log error, you can continue plotting by entering a manual speed.

3) If a log signal interval becomes more than 30 seconds with the ship’s speed five knots or more, the radar regards the speed log is defective and LOG FAIL appears, reading **.* KT.

5.4.2 Manual speed input

To manually enter the ship’s speed with the numeric keys:

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key and the [0] key to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

2. Press the key [6] to select SHIP SPEED.

3. Press the key [6] to select (or highlight) MAN.

4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection. At this point, “MAN = 00.0KT” appears at the bottom of the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

5. Enter the ship speed by hitting corresponding numeric keys followed by the [ENTER] key without omitting leading zeroes, if any . As an example, if the ship speed is 8 knots, press [0], [8], [ENTER]. For 4.5 knots, [0], [4], [5], [ENTER].

6. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the FUNCTIONS 2 menu. The ship speed readout at the screen top shows own ship’s speed you entered preceded by the label “MAN.”

5.4.3 Target-based speed

The use of target-based speed is recommended when:

• The speed log is not operating properly or not connected to the radar.

• The vessel has no device which can measure ship’s leeward movement (Doppler sonar, speed log, etc.) when leeward movement can not be disregarded. If you select target-based speed, the ARP-26 calculates own ship’s speed relative to a fixed reference target. The number of targets may be 1, 2 or 3. They appear as tracked targets, each shown in a small circle, but without a vector. When a plural of objects are selected, the mean value is used for stabilization and speed. Select the number in the PLOT MENU, referring to paragraph 5.3.2.

1. Select a small fixed island or any radar prominent point located at 0.2 to 24 nm from own ship.

2. Place the cursor (+) on the target by operating the trackball.

5-5

3. Press the [PLOT MENU] key and the [6] key followed by the [ENTER] key. The reference target mark (see below) appears at the cursor position and the own ship

data label changes from “LOG,” “NAV” or “MAN” to “REF.” Note that it takes 60 scans or approximately one minute before a new speed is displayed. If tracking has failed for a reference target, the target is marked with a lost target mark (symbol formed with two triangles).

R1 (R2, R3)

R1 (R2,R3)

Changes to in 60 scans

Notes on target-based speed

1) When the reference target is lost or goes out of the acquisition range, the reference target mark blinks and the speed reads “xx.x.” Select a different reference target in this case.

2) When all targets are deleted, the reference target mark is also deleted and the targetbased speed becomes invalid.

3) The vector of the reference target can be displayed by menu operation (ARPA 1 menu, [7]).

Canceling target-based speed

Target-based speed may be cancelled through the menu or by the cursor. For menu, press [PLOT MENU], [6]. For cursor, place the cursor on reference target and press the [CANCEL] key. The speed is shown by LOG, NAV selected previously.

5.4.4 Deactivating the ARPA

To deactivate the ARPA, press the [RADAR MENU] key followed by the [8] key until the ARPA is deactivated. Target plotting symbols and the on-screen label ARPA will disappear. The label EPA appears.

5.5 Automatic Acquisition

The ARPA can acquire up to 30 targets (20 automatically and 10 manually or all 30 manually). If AUTO ACQ is selected after more than 20 targets have been manually acquired, only the remaining capacity of targets can be automatically acquired. For example, when 20 targets have been acquired manually, then the ARPA is switched to AUTO ACQ. Only 10 targets can be acquired automatically.

A target just acquired automatically is marked with a broken square and a vector appears within 20 scans of the antenna to indicate the target’s motion trend. Within 60 scans, the initial tracking stage is finished and the target becomes ready for stable tracking. At this point, the broken square mark changes to a solid circle. (Targets automatically acquired are distinguished from those acquired manually . The targets which are acquired manually are displayed by bold symbols.)

5-6

5.5.1 Enabling and disabling auto acquisition

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [8] twice, [ENTER] and [RADAR MENU] if the ARP A is not yet activated. Note that the label ARPA appears at the screen center.

2. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

[ARPA (1)] 1 VECTOR TIME 30SEC/1/2/3/6/12/15/30MIN 2 AUTO ACQ OFF/ON 3 AUTO ACQ AREA 3, 6NM/[SET] 4 GUARD ZONE OFF/ON 5 [GUARD ZONE SET] 6 TARGET BASED SPEED 7 REFERENCE TARGET VECT OFF/ON 8 COLLISION ALARM CPA 0.0KT TCPA 00.0MIN 9 [TRIAL MANEUVER] 0 [ARPA (2)]

Figure 5-4 ARPA 1 menu

3. Press the [2] key to select AUTO ACQ.

4. Further press the [2] key to select (or highlight) ON (enable auto acquisition) or OFF (disable auto acquisition) as appropriate.

5. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [PLOT MENU] key to close the ARPA 1 menu. Note that the label AUTO+MAN is displayed at the screen center when auto acquisition is enabled; MAN when auto acquisition is disabled.

Note: When the ARPA has acquired 20 targets automatically, the message AUTO TARGET FULL is displayed at the screen bottom.

5.5.2 Auto acquisition areas

Automatic acquisition is performed within 1 or 2 zones. Outside these zones are the auto acquisition suppressed zones. The zones can be set at 3.0-4.0 nm and/or 5.0-6.0 nm, or anywhere within 0.2 - 32 nm.

Predefined auto acquisition areas (Menu item: 3, 6NM)

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [3] key to select AUTO ACQ AREA.

3. Further press the [3] key to select (or highlight) menu option “3, 6NM.”

4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection followed the [PLOT MENU] key to close the ARPA 1 menu.

Figure 5-5 on the next page shows how the auto acquisition areas are displayed on the screen. Up to 20* targets within the auto acquisition areas are acquired automatically. There is no priority in acquisition. It is recommended to use two zones on high speed craft.

* If 30 targets have already been acquired manually in the MAN ACQ mode (AUTO ACQ OFF on ARPA 1 menu), no more targets can be acquired.

5-7

3.0-4.0 nm

5.0-6.0 nm

Figure 5-5 Predefined auto acquisition areas

Free selection of acquisition zones (Menu item: SET)

To set auto acquisition areas with trackball:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [3] key to select AUTO ACQ AREA.

3. Further press the [3] key to select (or highlight) SET.

4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection. At this point the AUTO ACQ SETTING menu is displayed.

[AUTO ACQ AREA SET] 1 [ARPA (1)] 2 1/2

Figure 5-6 AUTO ACQ AREA SET menu

5. Press the [2] key to select menu item “1/2” and press the [ENTER] key. Then, you will see the message as shown below:

[AUTO ACQ SETTING] 1 [ARPA (1)] 2 1/2

Figure 5-7 AUTO ACQ SETTING menu

6. Place the cursor at the outer counterclockwise corner of the area (point A) and press the [ENTER] key.

7. Place the cursor at the clockwise edge of the area (point B) and press the [ENTER] key.

0.5-1.0nm

5-8

Note: If you wish to create an auto acquisition area having a 360-degree coverage

around own ship, set point B in almost the same direction (approx. ±5°) as point A and press the [ENTER] key.

8. Repeat steps 5 to 7 above if you want to set another auto acquisition area with the trackball.

9. Press the [1] key followed by the [PLOT MENU] key to close the ARPA 1 menu.

An auto acquisition area like the example shown in Figure 5-5 appears on the display. Note that each auto acquisition area has a fixed radial extension (width) of 0.5-1.0 nm.

Note that the auto acquisition areas are preserved in an internal memory of the ARPA even when auto acquisition is disabled or the ARPA is turned off.

5.5.3 Terminating tracking of targets

When the ARP A has acquired 20 targets automatically , the message AUTO T ARGET FULL is displayed at the screen center and no more auto acquisition occurs unless targets are lost. You may find this message before you set an auto acquisition area. Should this happen, cancel tracking of less important targets or perform manual acquisition.

Canceling individual targets

Use the trackball to place the cursor (+) on a target to cancel tracking. Press the [T ARGET CANCEL] key.

Canceling all targets at a time

Press and hold the [T ARGET CANCEL] key down more than 3 seconds. In the automatic acquisition mode, acquisition begins again.

5.6 Manual Acquisition

In the auto acquisition mode (AUTO ACQ ON), up to 20 targets can be manually acquired in addition to 10 auto acquired targets. When auto acquisition is disabled (AUTO ACQ OFF), up to 30 targets can be manually acquired and automatically tracked.

To manually acquire a target:

1. Place the cursor (+) on a target of interest by operating the trackball.

2. Press the [ACQ] key on the control head. The selected plot symbol is marked at the cursor position.

Note that the plot symbol is drawn by broken lines during the initial tracking stage. A vector appears in about one minute after acquisition indicating the target’s motion trend. If the target is consistently detected for three minutes, the plot symbol changes to a solid mark. If acquisition fails, the target plot symbol blinks. It blinks until the [LOST T ARGET] is pressed (to acknowledge it as a lost target).

5-9

(a) Immediately after acquisition, this plot symbol is shown in broken lines.

(b) Within 20 scans (or 1 min) of the antenna after acquisition, a vector appears to show a trend of movement.

(c) Within 60 scans (or 3 min) of the antenna after acquisition, the plot symbol changes to a small circle indicating steady-state tracking condition.

Notes on manual acquisition

1) For successful acquisition, the target to be acquired should be within 0.2 to 32 nm from own ship and not obscured by sea or rain clutter.

2) When you have acquired 30 targets manually, the message MAN TARGET FULL is displayed at the screen bottom. Cancel tracking of non-threatening targets if you wish to acquire additional targets manually. (See “5.5.3 Terminating tracking of acquired targets” on page 5-9.)

CAUTION

TARGET SWAP

When a target being tracked nears another target being tracked, the targets may be “swapped”. When two targets acquired either automatically or manually come close to each other, one of the two may become a Lost Target. Should this happen, manual re-acquisition of the Lost Target may be required after the two have separated.

Criteria of Tracking

A target measuring 800 m or more in the radial or circumferential direction is regarded as a landmass and not acquired or tracked. Echoes smaller than 800 m are regarded as targets to be tracked.

5.7 Changing Plot Symbol Size, Plot Symbols

5.7.1 Changing plot symbol size

To choose a large or standard size for all plot symbols:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key followed by the [0] key to show the ARPA 2 menu.

2. Press the [6] key to select MARK SIZE.

3. Further press the [6] key to select (or highlight) ST ANDARD or LARGE as appropriate.

4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection followed by the [PLOT MENU] key to close the ARPA 2 menu.

5-10

5.7.2 ARPA symbols

The symbols used in this equipment comply with IEC 60872-1.

metIlobmySsutatSskrameR

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stegrat

mralaAPC

(flashing)

mralaAPC

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tegrattsoL

yllaunaM

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deriuqca

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3.onlobmyssvpe

.gnikcart

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(flashing)

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ecnerefeR

tegrat

R1 In 60 scans, changes to

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5-11

ARPA symbols (con’t.)

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5.7.3 ARPA, EPA symbols shown on fishing vessel specification radar

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APE,APRA

slobmys

radarnoitacificeps

lessevgnihsifnielbaliavaslobmysAPE,APRA

5.8 Adjusting Brilliance of Plot Marks

1. Press [RADAR MENU], [0] to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

2. Press the [9] and [0] keys to show the BRILLIANCE 2 menu.

3. Press the [2] key to select PLOT BRILL.

4. Further press the [2] key to select (or highlight) a desired brilliance level.

5. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection followed by the [RADAR MENU] key

to close the BRILLIANCE 2 menu.

Note: Refer to paragraph 1.38 for the BRILLIANCE menu screen.

5-12

5.9 Displaying Target Data

The ARPA mode (with built-in ARP-26 optional board) provides the full functionality of ARP A as required by the IMO Resolution A.823(19) and IEC 60872-1, including display of range, bearing, course, speed, CPA and TCPA of all plotted targets. Data on one target may be displayed.

In the head-up and head-up true bearing modes, target bearing, course and speed shown at the center of the display become true (suffix “T”) or relative (suffix “R”) to own ship in accordance with the true/relative vector setting. In north-up, course-up and true motion modes, the target data field always displays true bearing, true course and speed over-theground or thru-the-water.

Place the cursor on a desired target and press the [TARGET DATA] key. Target data is displayed as below.

RNG/BRG (Range/Bearing): Range and bearing from own ship to the selected target with suffix “T” (True) or “R” (Relative).

CSE/SPD (Course/Speed): Course and speed are displayed for the selected target with suffix “T” (True) or “R” (relative).

CPA/TCPA: CPA (Closest Point of Approach) is the closest range a target will approach to own ship. TCPA is the time to CPA. Both CPA and TCPA are automatically calculated.

When the CP A has passed clear of own ship, it is indicated by a TCPA with a negative (-) sign. TCP A is counted to 99.9 minutes and beyond this it is indicated as TCP A> -99.9MIN.

BCR (Bow Cross Range): Range at which target is to cross own ship’s bow. BCT (Bow Cross Time): Time of BCR

Target accessed for data readout

000

010

Target in GZ

270

280

260

290

250

300

240

310

230

340

330

320

Guard Zone

Acquisition Zone

220

210

200

350

190

180

170

020

160

030

150

140

040

130

050

120

060

070

110

080

100

090

RNG BRG CSE SPD CPA TCPA BCR BCT>

0.439NM

122.7°T

254.2°T

14.9KT

0.4NM

0.0MIN

0.8NM

99.9MIN

Figure 5-8 ARPA plot

5-13

5.10 Vector Modes

Target vectors can be displayed relative to own ship’s heading (Relative) or north (True).

5.10.1 Ground stabilization and sea stabilization

Target vectors can be ground stabilized or sea stabilized. Sea stabilization is a mode where own ship and all targets are referenced to the sea using gyro heading and single axis log water speed inputs in the True Motion mode. Ground stabilization is a mode where own ship and all targets are referenced to the ground using the ground track or set and drift inputs. If the accuracy seems unsatisfactory, enter the set and drift correction (paragraph 5.12).

5.10.2 True vector

Vector mode, True or Relative, is selected with the [VECTOR] key. True vectors are the predicted true motion of a target as a result of own ship’s direction and speed input. With true vectors the radar display will look like the one in (a) in the figure below.

In the true motion mode, all fixed targets, such as land, navigational marks and ships at anchor , remain stationary on the radar screen with vector length zero. But in the presence of wind and/or current, vectors appear on fixed targets representing the reciprocal of set and drift affecting own ship unless set and drift values are properly entered.

Target on collision course

(a) True vectors in head-up mode (b) Relative vectors in head-up mode

(flashing)

Own ship

Buoy

(flashing)

Target on collision course

Buoy

Own ship

Figure 5-9 True and relative vectors in the head-up mode

5.10.3 Relative vector

True vectors are the predicted movement of a target relative to own ship. With relative vectors the radar display will look like (b) in the figure above.

Relative vectors on targets which are not moving over the ground, such as land, navigational marks and ships at anchor, will represent the reciprocal of own ship’ s ground track. A target of which vector extension passes through own ship is on the collision course. (Dashed lines in the figure are for explanation only.)

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5.10.4 Vector time

Vector time (or the length of vectors) can be set to 30 seconds, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 15 or 30 minutes and the selected vector time is indicated at the screen center.

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to display the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [1] key to select VECTOR TIME.

3. Further press the [1] key to select (or highlight) a desired vector time.

4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection.

5. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu. The vector tip shows an estimated position of the target after the selected vector time

elapses. It can be valuable to extend the vector length to evaluate the risk of collision with any target.

5.11 Past Position Display

The ARPA displays equally time-spaced dots marking the past positions of any targets being tracked.

A new dot is added every minute (or at preset time intervals) until the preset number is reached. If a target changes its speed, the spacing will be uneven. If it changes course, its plotted course will not be a straight line.

5.1 1.1 Displaying and erasing past positions

To display past positions;

1. Press [PLOT MENU], [0] to display the ARPA 2 menu.

Figure 5-10 ARPA 2 menu

2. Press the [3] key twice to select HISTORY ON.

3. Press the [ENTER] key followed by the [PLOT MENU] key. The label HISTORY appears on the display.

To erase past positions, press the [3] key at step 2 in the above to procedure to display HISTORY OFF.

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5.11.2 Selecting the number of dots and past position plot intervals

1. Press [PLOT MENU], [0] to show the ARPA 2 menu.

2. Press the [4] key to select HISTORY POINTS.

3. Further press the [4] key to select a desired number of past positions (5, 10 or 20).

4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection.

5. Press the [5] key to select HISTORY INTERVAL.

6. Further press the [5] key to select a desired past position plot interval (0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 6

minutes).

7. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection.

8. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu.

5.12 Set and Drift (Set and Rate)

Set, the direction in which a water current flows, can be manually entered in 0.1-degree steps. Drift, in another word Rate, the speed of tide, can also be entered manually, in 0.1 knot steps. Set and drift corrections are beneficial for increasing the accuracy of vectors and target data. The correction is best made in the head-up mode with true vectors, watching landmasses, or other stationary targets. Thus, the speed and course of own ship over the ground are reciprocally calculated and compared with the relative bearing and range to the reference target to produce a Set and Drift. These values are automatically applied to all targets. If stationary targets have vectors, set and drift values should be adjusted until they lose their vectors.

To enter set and drift (rate):

1. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to show the FUNCTIONS 1 menu.

2. Press the [0] key to show the FUNCTIONS 2 menu.

3. Press the [7] key to select SET, DRIFT.

4. Further press the [7] key to select OFF or MAN.

OFF: No correction against set and drift. MAN: Manual entry of set and drift data.

5. If OFF is selected at step 4 above, press the [ENTER] key.

6. If you selected MAN in step 4 above, the highlight cursor will advance to the right

requesting you to enter SET 000.0°. Enter the value of set in degrees by hitting numeric keys without omitting leading zeroes, if any, and press the [ENTER] key.

The highlight cursor will then advance to the next line DRIFT 00.0KT. Enter the value of drift in knots by hitting numeric keys without omitting leading zeroes, if any, and press the ENTER key. Set and drift have the same effect on own ship and all targets.

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7. Press the [RADAR MENU] key to close the menu. The label LOG (or NA V) changes to WT (Water Tracking) or BT (Bottom Tracking). Set and drift data can also be used in the basic radar without ARPA function.

5.13 Setting CPA/TCP A Alarm Ranges

The ARPA continuously monitors the predicted range at the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and predicted time to CPA (TCPA) of each tracked target to own ship.

When the predicted CP A of any target becomes smaller than the preset CPA alarm range and its predicted TCPA less than a preset TCPA alarm limit, the ARPA releases an aural alarm and displays the warning label COLLISION on the screen. In addition, the ARPA symbol changes to a triangle and flashes together with its vector.

Provided that this feature is used correctly, it will help avoid collision by alerting you to threatening targets. It is important that GAIN, A/C SEA, A/C RAIN and other radar controls are properly adjusted.

CPA/TCPA alarm ranges must be set up properly taking into consideration the size, tonnage, speed, turning performance and other characteristics of own ship.

CAUTION

5.13.1 Setting CPA/TCPA alarm ranges

To set the CPA/TCPA alarm ranges:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [8] key to select menu item COLLISION ALARM. At this point, a highlight cursor appears at the “CPA 0.0 NM” field.

3. Enter the CPA alarm range in nautical miles (0.0 to 9.9 nm) without omitting leading zeroes, if any, and press the [ENTER] key. The highlight cursor now moves to the “TCPA 00x.0 MIN” field.

4. Enter the TCP A alarm limit in minutes (1.0 to 99.9 min) without omitting leading zeroes, if any, and press the [ENTER] key.

5. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to close the menu.

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5.13.2 Acknowledging CPA/TCPA audible alarm

Press the [AUDIO OFF] key to acknowledge and silence the CPA/TCPA aural alarm. The warning label COLLISION and the flashing of the triangle plot symbol and vector

remain on the screen until the dangerous situation is gone or you intentionally terminate tracking of the target by using the [TARGET CANCEL] key.

5.14 Setting a Guard Zone

When a target transits the operator-set guard zone, the buzzer sounds and the indication GUARD turns red at the screen bottom. The target causing the warning is clearly indicated with an inverted flashing triangle.

CAUTION

Guard Zone Alarm

The guard zone alarm should not be relied upon as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations. The operator of a ship is not relieved of the responsibility to keep lookout for possible collisions, whether or not the radar is in use.

5.14.1 Activating the guard zone

One or two guard zones may be selected. The No. 1 guard zone is available between 3 and 6 nm and the No. 2 guard zone can be set anywhere when the No. 1 zone is already in use.

To set and activate the guard zone:

1. Press the [PLOT MENU] key to show the ARPA 1 menu.

2. Press the [4] key to select GUARD ZONE.

3. Further press the [4] key to select (or highlight) ON to activate the guard zone.

4. Press the [ENTER] key to conclude your selection.

5. Press the [5] key to select GUARD ZONE SET. At this point the GUARD ZONE SET menu appears.

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Furuno FR-2125V User Manual 2

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

1. OPERATION

1.1 Turning on the Power

1.2 Transmitter ON

1.3 Control Head

1.4 CRT Brilliance

1.5 Tuning the Receiver

1.6 On-screen Legends and Markers

1.7 Degaussing the CRT Screen

1.8 Initializing the Gyro Readout

1.10 Presentation Modes

1.11 Selecting the Range Scale

1.12 Selecting the Pulsewidth

1.13 Adjusting the Sensitivity

1.14 Suppressing Sea Clutter

1.15 Suppressing Precipitation Clutter

1.16 Interference Rejector

1.17 Measuring the Range

1.18 Measuring the Bearing

1.19 Collision Assessment by Offset EBL

1.20 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets

1.21 Setting a Target Alarm Zone

1.22 Off-Centering

1.23 Echo Stretch

1.24 Echo A veraging

1.25 Electronic Plotting Aid (EPA)

1.26 Target Trails

1.27 Parallel Index Lines

1.28 Origin Mark

1.29 Zoom

1.30 Markers

1.31 Menu Keys

1.32 RADAR 1, 2 and 3 Menu Settings

1.33 Function Keys

1.34 Barge Information

1.35 Radar Map

1.36 Suppressing Second-trace Echoes

1.38 Adjusting Brilliance of Screen Data

1.39 Display of Wind/T ide/Depth/T ime

1.40 Displaying the Rate-of-Turn Scale

1.41 Alarms

2. RADAR OBSERVATION

2.1 General

2.2 False Echoes

2.3 SART (Search and Rescue Transponder)

2.4 RACON (Radar Beacon)

3. MAINTENANCE

3.1 Periodic Maintenance Schedule

3.2 Life Expectancy of Major Parts

3.3 Replacement of Battery

4. TROUBLESHOOTING

4.1 Easy Troubleshooting

4.2 Advanced-level Troubleshooting

4.3 Diagnostic Test

5. ARPA ARP-26 (Option for NM-type radar)

5.1 General

5.2 Controls for ARPA

5.3 ARPA Menu Operation

5.4 Start-up Procedure

5.5 Automatic Acquisition

5.6 Manual Acquisition

5.7 Changing Plot Symbol Size, Plot Symbols

5.8 Adjusting Brilliance of Plot Marks

5.9 Displaying Target Data

5.10 Vector Modes

5.11 Past Position Display

5.12 Set and Drift (Set and Rate)

5.13 Setting CPA/TCP A Alarm Ranges

5.14 Setting a Guard Zone