Earth/Ground Tester
Users Manual
®
1623
PN 2560327
January 2006
© 2006 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in USA
All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship
under normal use and service. The warranty period is two years and begins on the date of
shipment. Parts, product repairs, and services are warranted for 90 days. This warranty
extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of a Fluke authorized reseller,
and does not apply to fuses, disposable batteries, or to any product which, in Fluke's
opinion, has been misused, altered, neglected, contaminated, or damaged by accident or
abnormal conditions of operation or handling. Fluke warrants that software will operate
substantially in accordance with its functional specifications for 90 days and that it has
been properly recorded on non-defective media. Fluke does not warrant that software will
be error free or operate without interruption.
Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to enduser customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on
behalf of Fluke. Warranty support is available only if product is purchased through a Fluke
authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of repair/replacement parts when
product purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country.
Fluke's warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke's option, to refund of the purchase price,
free of charge repair, or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke
authorized service center within the warranty period.
To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center to obtain
return authorization information, then send the product to that service center, with a description of the difficulty, postage and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination). Fluke assumes no risk for damage in transit. Following warranty repair, the product will be returned to Buyer, transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke determines that failure
was caused by neglect, misuse, contamination, alteration, accident, or abnormal condition
of operation or handling, including overvoltage failures caused by use outside the product’s specified rating, or normal wear and tear of mechanical components, Fluke will provide an estimate of repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work.
Following repair, the product will be returned to the Buyer transportation prepaid and the
Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges (FOB Shipping Point).
THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF
ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF
DATA, ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY.
Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty,
or exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, the limitations and exclusions of this warranty may not apply to every buyer. If any provision of this Warranty is
held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other decision-maker of competent jurisdiction,
such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision.
Fluke Corporation
P.O. Box 9090
Everett, WA 98206-9090
U.S.A.
Fluke Europe B.V.
P.O. Box 1186
5602 BD Eindhoven
The Netherlands
11/99
Table of Contents
Title Page
Introduction .......................................................................................... 1
Unpacking......................................................................................... 1
Packing ............................................................................................. 1
Safety Regulations................................................................................ 1
Features............................................................................................. 2
Accessories........................................................................................... 4
Carrying Case ................................................................................... 4
Recommended Accessories............................................................... 4
Recommended Accessory Sets for Stakeless Measurements............ 5
Setup..................................................................................................... 5
Inserting Batteries............................................................................. 5
Operating Instructions....................................................................... 6
RA 2-pole, 3-pole Measurements .................................................. 6
RA 4-pole Measurements .............................................................. 8
RA 3-pole Selective Earth Resistance Measurement with
Current Clamp............................................................................... 9
RA 4-pole Selective Earth Resistance Measurement with
Current Clamp............................................................................... 10
Stakeless Ground Loop Measurement........................................... 11
Troubleshooting.................................................................................... 13
Specifications........................................................................................ 15
Service .................................................................................................. 20
Storage.................................................................................................. 20
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Users Manual
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List of Tables
Table Title Page
1. Features and Functions................................................... 3
2. Recommended Accessories............................................ 4
3. Stakeless Measurement Accessory Sets......................... 5
4. Troubleshooting ............................................................. 13
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List of Figures
Figure Title Page
1. Features and Functions................................................... 3
2. Inserting Batteries .......................................................... 6
3. RA 2-pole Measurement ................................................. 7
4. RA 3-pole Measurement ................................................. 8
5. RA 4-pole Measurements................................................ 9
6. RA 3-pole Selective Earth Resistance Measurement
with Current Clamp........................................................ 10
7. RA 4-pole Selective Earth Resistance Measurement
with Current Clamp........................................................ 11
8. Stakeless Ground Loop Measurement............................ 12
9. Troubleshooting ............................................................. 14
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Earth/Ground Tester
Introduction
This instrument has been manufactured complying with quality assurance
system DIN ISO 9001. The compliance with the actual EMC-regulations is
documented by the attached CE-sign.
Unpacking
Check delivery for damage during transport. Keep the packing material for
later transport and check scope of delivery.
Packing
Use for shipping the original packing only.
Safety Regulations
This instrument is suited for measurements according to IEC 1024, ENV
61024, DIN VDE 0185 and ÖVE-E 49.
This measuring device is only to be installed and operated by qualified
personnel and according to the technical data in compliance with the safety
precautions and regulations set forth below. Additionally, the use of this
equipment requires compliance with all legal and safety regulations pertaining
to each specific application. Similar regulations apply to the use of accessories.
Operating electrical devices implies that parts of the device carry dangerous
voltages. Disregarding warning notices may lead to serious physical injury and
material damage.
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Fluke 1623
Users Manual
It can be assumed that safe operation is no longer possible if the device
• shows visible damage,
• has been exposed to unfavourable conditions (e.g. storage beyond the
permissible climatic limits without adaptation to the ambient climate,
dewing etc.) or
• has been exposed to major strain during transport (e.g. been dropped
from some height without visible external damage etc.).
No measurements must be performed on unprotected measuring circuits.
While a measurement is in progress no earth stake must be touched!
Qualified Personnel are persons familiar with the setting up, installation,
starting off and operation of the device and possess a formal qualification
required for such activities.
Features
• Earth/ground resistance measurements in different installations (e.g.
high voltage pylons, buildings, electrical service grounding systems,
mobile communication stations, HF transmitters etc.)
• Monitoring and planning of lightning protection systems
• Resistance measurements with earth electrodes; no separation
Refer to Figure 1 and Table 1 for a complete list of features and functions.
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Earth/Ground Tester
Safety Regulations
3
4
5
6
7
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Figure 1. Features and Functions
Table 1. Features and Functions
Item Description
A Rotary switch for selection of measurement functions and ON/OFF.
B START button for starting the selected measurement function.
C Liquid crystal display (LCD).
D Connection “H” for auxiliary earth 4 mm ∅
E Connection “S” for probe 4 mm ∅
9
edv001.eps
F Connection A for sensing current test clamp
G Connection “ES” for earth electrode probe 4 mm ∅
Connection “E” for the earth/ground electrode to be measured 4 mm
H
∅
I Battery compartment for 6 alcaline batteries (type AA, LR6) or NiCd
J batteries (bottom side of instrument)
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Users Manual
Accessories
The following standard accessories were shipped with your Tester:
• 6 alkaline AA – type (LR6) batteries
• 2 measuring leads 1,5 m
• 1 connector cable (for RA 2-pole measurements)
• 2 alligator clips
• 1 Users Manual
Carrying Case
The part number for the carrying case for the 1623 Earth/Ground Tester and
accessories such as the current probes is 2583565.
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Earth/Ground Tester
Accessories
Models and Accessories
Table 2 lists the models and accessories.
Table 2. Models and Accessories
Description Item/Part Number
Earth Ground Tester - Basic
(Includes manual, 2 leads and 2 clips)
Earth Ground Tester - Fully Loaded
(Includes manual, 2 leads and 2 clips,
ES162P4, EI-1623)
Service Replacement Kit
(Includes 2 Leads, 2 Clips)
Stake Set for 3 Pole Measurement
(Includes three stakes, one 25 m cable
reel, one 50 m cable reel)
Stake set for 4 Pole Measurement
(Includes four stakes, two 25 m cable
reels, one 50 m cable reel)
Selective/Stakeless Clamp Set for
1623, Consists oF EI-162X and EI162AC
Clip-on Current Transformer (sensing)
with shielded cable set
Shielded Cable (Used w/EI-162X
Clamp)
Clip-on Current Transformer (inducing) EI-162AC
12.7 Inch (320mm) Spilt Core
Transformer
Earth Stake 2630222
Cable Reel w/25m Wire 2630231
Cable Reel w/50m Wire 2630246
1623 Users Manual 2560327
Fluke-1623
Fluke-1623 Kit
Fluke-162x-7001
ES-162P3
ES-162P4
EI-1623
EI-162X
2630254
EI-162BN
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Fluke 1623
Users Manual
Setup
W Warning
Please, read carefully the “safety regulations” before
powering up the instrument. If you have problems see
section “Troubleshooting”.
Inserting Batteries
Refer to Figure 2 and following these steps:
1. Switch off instrument.
2. Disconnect all test leads.
3. Open battery compartment.
4. Insert batteries. Close battery compartment.
6
1
3
Figure 2. Inserting Batteries
2
4
+
edv002.eps
Earth/Ground Tester
Setup
Operating Instructions
RA 2-pole, 3-pole Measurements
To make 2-pole or dead-earth measurements, connect a jumper between
terminals H/C2 and S/P2 with the supplied connector cable. Refer to Figures 3
and 4. Then follow steps 1 thru 4 except use only earth electrode and the
auxiliary earth electrode with minimum distance between them of 20 m.
A Select function R
Display is as shown below.
B Connect test leads
Connect terminal E/C1 to the earth/ground system to be measured
with the supplied test lead and clip (1.5 m). Place 2 ground stakes in
earth/dirt. Minimum distance between earth electrode (E/C1), probe
(S/P2), and auxiliary earth (H/C2) should be at least 20 m!
Connect the stakes with the 25 m and 50 m cable reels to H/C2 and
S/P2 as shown below.
C Press START.
The “active” symbol indicates that a measurement is in progress. For
a continuous measurement keep START pressed.
D The Symbol “9” indicates a completed measurement. The result is
kept on the display until a new measurement is started or the main
switch is turned.
3-pole.
A
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Users Manual
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3
2
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FLUKE 1623
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F
LUKE
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2C/H
m 02>
4
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SE
H
E
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edv003.eps
Figure 3. RA 2-pole Measurement
1
SE
2
FLUKE 1623
H
V 05 xam
2P
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2C/H
2P/S
sulp
F
LUKE
1C/E
m 02>
m 02>
3
4
evitca
SE
H
E
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edv003b.eps
Figure 4. RA 3-pole Measurement
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Earth/Ground Tester
Setup
RA 4-pole Measurements
Refer to Figure 5.
A Select function R
4-pole.
A
Display as shown below.
B Connect test leads.
Connect terminals E/C1 and ES/P1 to the earth system to be
measured with the 2 supplied test leads (1.5 m). Place 2 ground
stakes in earth/dirt. Minimum distance between earth electrode
(E/C1), probe (S/P2), and auxiliary earth (H/C2) should be at least
20 m! The ES test lead eliminates the influence of the test leads.
Connect the stakes with the 25 m and 50 m cable reels to H/C2 and
S/P2 as shown below.
C Press START.
The “active” symbol indicates that a measurement is in progress. For
a continuous measurement keep START pressed.
D The symbol “9” indicates a completed measurement. The result is
kept on the display until a new measurement is started or the rotary
switch is turned.
1
E
SE
2
m
V 05 xa
Earth/Ground Tester
FLUKE 1623
2P
HS
sulp
FLUKE
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1P
SE
E
1P/SE
1C/E
2P/S
m 02>
m 02>
2C/H
3
4
evitca
SESE
H
E
SE
HS
edv004.eps
Figure 5. RA 4-pole Measurements
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RA 3-pole Selective Earth Resistance Measurement with Current Clamp
The RA 3-pole Selective Earth Resistance Measurement with Current Clamp
procedure is useful for measuring the resistance of different parallel sections of
an earth/ground system. Refer to Figure 6.
A Select function R
Display as shown below.
B Connect test leads.
Connect the supplied test lead (1.5 m) to terminal E/C1 and its other
end to the ground system to be measured. Place 2 ground stakes in
earth/dirt. Minimum distance between earth electrode (E/C1), probe
(S/P2) and auxiliary earth (H/C2) should be at least 20 m!
Connect stakes with 25 m and 50 m wires to H/C2 and S/P2 as
shown. Connect current clamp with adapter cable as shown.
C Press START.
The “active” symbol indicates that measurement is in progress. For
continuous measurement keep START pressed.
D Symbol “9” indicates completed measurement. The result is kept on
display until a new measurement is started or the rotary switch is
turned.
3-pole A.
A
1
E
3
2
V 05 xam
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E
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edv005.eps
Figure 6. RA 3-pole Selective Earth Resistance Measurement with Current
Clamp
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Earth/Ground Tester
Setup
RA 4-pole Selective Earth Resistance Measurement with Current Clamp
The RA 4-pole Selective Earth Resistance Measurement with Current Clamp
procedure is useful for measuring the resistance of different parallel sections of
an earth/ground system. Refer to Figure 7.
A Select function R
Display as shown below.
B Connect test leads.
Connect terminals E/C1 and ES/P1 with the supplied safety test leads
(1.5 m) to the earth electrode to be measured. Place 2 ground stakes
in earth/dirt. Minimum distance between earth electrode (E/C1),
probe (S/P2) and auxiliary earth (H/C2) should be at least 20 m! The
ES test lead eliminates the influence of the test leads.
Connect stakes with 25 m and 50 m wires to H/C2 and S/P2 as
shown.
Connect current clamp with adapter cable as shown.
C Press START.
The “active” symbol indicates that measurement is in progress. For
continuous measurement keep START pressed.
D Symbol “9” indicates completed measurement. The result is kept on
display until a new measurement is started or the rotary switch is
turned.
4-pole A.
A
1
E
3
2
V 05 xam
SE
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sulp
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SE
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Figure 7. RA 4-pole Selective Earth Resistance Measurement with Current
Clamp
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Users Manual
Stakeless Ground Loop Measurement
Refer to Figure 8.
A Select function
D
Display as shown below.
B Connect current clamps.
Connect the inducing clamp (see Recommended Accessories) to
terminals H/C2 and E/C1 using the supplied safety test leads (1.5 m) as
shown.
Hint: Use the recommended current clamp for inducing only. Other
current clamps are not suited.
Connect the second current clamp using the adapter cable
(sensing current clamp).
Clamp both current clamps around the earth electrode, which
will subsequently be measured.
Hint: Minimum distance between the two current clamps is 10 cm.
C Press START.
The “active” symbol indicates that measurement is in progress. For
continuous measurement keep START pressed.
D Symbol “
display until a new measurement is started or the rotary switch is
turned.
12
” indicates completed measurement. The result is kept on
Earth/Ground Tester
Setup
1
E
3
2
FLUKE 1623
H
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HE
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Figure 8. Stakeless Ground Loop Measurement
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Fluke 1623
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Troubleshooting
Follow the steps in Table 4 and refer to Figure 9 for steps 1-5.
Table 3. Troubleshooting
Step Description
1 External voltage (Uext) too high
If the external voltage applied to the instrument is too high, usually
from leakage currents in the system under test, no measurement can
be started (see “Technical data” for Uext limit).
Hint: Reposition probe (S/P2) and restart measurement.
2 Auxiliary earth electrode resistance (RH) too high
If the auxiliary earth electrode resistance is too high it is not possible
to drive the current necessary for reliable measurements. The
measurement is blocked (see “Technical data” for Rh limit).
Hint: Check connection of test lead with terminal H/C2, check
auxiliary earth stake.
3 Probe resistance (Rs) too high
If the probe resistance is too high measurements are not reliable.
The measurement is blocked (see “Technical data” for Rs limit).
Hint: Check connection of test lead with terminal S/P2, check
probe stake.
4 Weak batteries
If the batteries are weak the supply voltage may break down during
measurement. If there is enough energy to complete the
measurement “
valid. If not, a reset occurs.
Hint: Replace batteries. Use 6 alkaline AA-type (LR6) batteries.
5 Is your RA measurement result reliable?
Probe S/P2 must be outside the potential gradient areas of E/C1 and
H/C2 for accurate measurements. Normally a probe distance of
more than 20m is sufficient. However in some environmental
” symbol is displayed - measuring results are
14
Earth/Ground Tester
Troubleshooting
conditions (depending mainly on the soil resistivity) this may not
suffice. To be sure reposition the probes and take several
measurements. If the readings are approx. the same your measuring
results are reliable, if not increase the probe distance.
6 Is the result of a “Stakeless ground loop measurement”
reliable?
Ensure that you are using the correct inducing clamp (see
“Recommended Accessories”)!
The clamp’s parameters are suited for this test method. Using an
undefined clamp will render incorrect results.
Ensure that the recommended minimum distance between the
current clamp is kept. If the clamps are positioned too close together,
the magnetic field of the inducing clamp will influence the sensing
current clamp. To avoid mutual influencing, the distance between the
clamps can be varied and a new test performed. If the measurement
values vary only a little or not at all, the value can be regarded as
reliable.
V 05 x
am
1
txe
timiL>
U
2
H
SEHSE
timiL>
3
HSE
S
SEHSE
timiL>
4
HSE
FLUKE 1623
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5
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2C/H
2P/S
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m 02>
gUsU
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Figure 9. Troubleshooting
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Fluke 1623
Users Manual
Specifications
Note
Fluke reserves the right to modify specifications without notice for the
purpose of product improvement.
Display: 1999 digit
LCD
Display with special symbols, digit height 25 mm,
fluorescent backlight
User interface: Instant measurement through TURN and START
one button concept. The only operating elements are
rotary switch and START button.
Robust and Waterproof Instrument is designed for tough environmental
conditions (rubber protective cover, IP56).
Temperature ranges:
Working temp.: -10 °C ... +50 °C ( +14 °F ... +122 °F )
Operating temp.: 0 °C ... +35 °C ( +32 °F ... +95 °F )
Storage temp.: -20 °C ... +60 °C ( -4 °F ... +140 °F )
Reference temp.: +23 °C ±. 2 °C ( +73 °F ± 4 °F )
The chart of four temperature ranges for the instrument exist to satisfy
European Standards requirements; the instrument can be used over the full
Working temperature range by using the temperature coefficient to calculate
accuracy at the ambient temperature of use.
Temp. coefficient: ± 0.1 % of reading / K
Intrinsic error: Refers to the reference temperature range and is
guaranteed for 1 year.
Operating error: Refers to the operating temperature range and is
guaranteed for 1 year.
Climatic class: C1 (IEC 654-1), -5 °C...+45 °C, 5 %...95 % RH
Protective type: IP56 for case, IP40 for battery door according to EN
60529
Safety Protection by double and/or reinforced insulation.
max 50 V to earth
EMC (Emission
IEC 61326-1:1997 Class A
Immunity):
16
Earth/Ground Tester
Specifications
Quality system: developed, designed and manufactured according to
DIN ISO 9001
External voltage: Uext,max = 24 V (DC, AC < 400 Hz), measurement
inhibited for higher values
Uext rejection: >120 dB (162/3, 50, 60, 400 Hz)
Measuring time: typical 6 sec
Max. overload: 250 Vrms (pertains to misuse)
Auxiliary power: 6 x 1.5 V mignon cells alkali-manganese (type AA
LR6)
Battery life span: typical > 3000 measurements
Dimensions: 240 x 180 x 110 mm
Weight: 1.1 kg (including batteries)
R
3-pole ground resistance measurement (IEC 1557-5)
A
Switch
position
Resolution Measuring
range
Intrinsic
error
Operating
error
Ra 3-pole 0,001 … 10 Ω 0,001 Ω ...
19,99 kΩ
±(2 % rdg +
3 d)
±(5 % rdg +
3 d)
For 2-pole measurements connect terminals H and S with the supplied
connector cable!
Measuring principle: Current and voltage measurement
Measuring voltage: Um = 48 Vac.
Short-circuit current: > 50 mA
Meas. frequency: 128 Hz (125 Hz on request)
Probe resistance (Rs): max 100 kΩ
Auxiliary earth electrode resistance
max. 100 kΩ
(Rh):
Additional error from Rh and Rs: Rh[kΩ] x Rs[kΩ]/Ra[Ω] x 0,2 %
Monitoring of Rs and Rh with error indicator.
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Users Manual
Automatic range selection.
Measurement is not performed if the current through the current clamp is too
low.
R
4-pole ground resistance measurement (IEC 1557-5)
A
Switch
Resolution measuring range Intrinsic error Operating error
position
Ra 4-pole 0,001 … 10 Ω 0,001 Ω ...
19,99 kΩ
±(2% rdg + 3 d) ±(5% rdg +
3 d)
Measuring principle: Current/voltage measurement
Measuring voltage: Um = 48 Vac.
Short-circuit current: > 50 mA
Measuring frequency: 128 Hz (125 Hz on request)
Probe resistance (Rs+ Res): max. 100 kΩ
Auxiliary earth electrode resistance
max. 100 kΩ
(Rh):
Additional error from Rh and Rs: Rh[kΩ] x Rs[kΩ/Ra[Ω] x 0,2 %
Monitoring of Rs, and Rh with error indicator.
Automatic range selection.
R
3-pole selective ground resistance measurement with current clamp
A
A )
(R
A
Switch
position
Resolution Measuring range Intrinsic error Operating error
Ra 3-pole
A
0.001 ...
10 Ω
0.001 Ω ..
19.99 kΩ
±(7% rdg + 3 d) ± (10% rdg + 5 d)
Measuring principle: Current/voltage measurement (with external current
clamp)
Measuring voltage: Um = 48 VAC.
Short-circuit current: > 50 mA
Measuring frequency: 128 Hz (125 Hz on request)
18
Earth/Ground Tester
Specifications
Probe resistance (Rs): max. 100 kΩ
Auxiliary earth electrode resistance
max. 100 kΩ
(Rh):
Monitoring of Rs, and Rh with error indicator.
Measurement is not performed if the current through the current clamp is too
low.
Automatic range selection.
R
4- pole selective ground resistance measurement with current clamp
A
A )
(R
A
Switch
position
Ra 4-pole
A
Resolution Measuring range Intrinsic error Operating error
0.001 ...
10 Ω
0.001 Ω ..
19.99 kΩ
±(7% rdg + 3 d) ± (10% rdg + 5 d)
Measuring principle: Current/voltage measurement (with external current
clamp)
Measuring voltage: Um = 48 VAC.
Short-circuit current: > 50 mA
Measuring frequency: 128 Hz (125 Hz on request)
Probe resistance (Rs): max. 100 kΩ
Auxiliary earth electrode resistance
max. 100 kΩ
(Rh):
Monitoring of Rs, and Rh with error indicator.
Measurement is not performed if the current through the current clamp is too low.
Automatic range selection.
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Fluke 1623
Users Manual
Stakeless ground loop measurement (
Switch
position
Ra 4-pole
D
Measuring principle: Stakeless measurement of resistance in closed loops
using two current transformers
Measuring voltage: Um = 48 VAC (primary)
Measuring frequency: 128 Hz (125 Hz on request)
Noise current (Iext): max. Iext = 10 A (AC) (Ra < 20 Ω)
max. Iext = 2 A (AC) (Ra > 20 Ω)
Automatic range selection
The information regarding stakeless ground loop measurements is only valid
when used in conjunction with the recommended current clamps at the
minimum distance specified.
Resolution Measuring range Intrinsic error Operating error
0.001 ...
0.1 Ω
0.001 Ω ..
199.9 Ω
)
D
±(7% rdg + 3 d) ± (10% rdg + 5 d)
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Earth/Ground Tester
Service
Service
If you suspect that the tester has failed, review this manual to make sure you
are operating it correctly. If the meter still fails to operate properly, pack it
securely (in its original container if available) and forward it, postage paid, to
the nearest Fluke Service Center. Include a brief description of the problem.
Fluke assumes NO responsibility for damage in transit.
To locate an authorized service center, call Fluke using any of the phone
numbers listed below:
USA: 1-888-99-FLUKE (1-888-993-5853)
Canada: 1-800-36-FLUKE (1-800-363-5853)
Europe: +31 402-678-200
Japan: +81-3-3434-0181
Singapore: +65-738-5655
Anywhere in the world: +1-425-446-5500
Or, visit us on the World Wide Web: www.fluke.com
product, visit register.fluke.com
. To register your
Storage
In case the instrument is either not used or stored for a longer period, remove
batteries and keep them stored separately to avoid possible damage by leaking
battery electrolyte.
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Users Manual
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