Fluke 1595A, 1594A User Manual
1594A/1595A
Super-Thermometer
Technical Guide
159X____tgeng0000
Limited Warranty & Limitation of Liability
Each product from Fluke Corporation (“Fluke”) is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service. The warranty period is one year(s) for the thermometer. The warranty
period begins on the date of the shipment. Parts, product repairs, and services are warranted for 90 days. The
warranty extends only to the original buyer or end-user customer of a Fluke authorized reseller, and does
not apply to fuses, disposable batteries or to any other product, which in Fluke’s opinion, has been misused,
altered, neglected, or damaged by accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling. Fluke warrants
that software will operate substantially in accordance with its functional specications for 90 days and that it
has been properly recorded on non-defective media. Fluke does not warrant that software will be error free or
operate without interruption. Fluke does not warrant calibrations on the Super-Thermometer.
Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end-user customers only
but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke. Warranty support is available if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price. Fluke reserves the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs of repairs/replacement parts when
product purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country.
Fluke’s warranty obligation is limited, at Fluke’s option, to refund of the purchase price, free of charge repair,
or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke authorized service center within the warranty period.
To obtain warranty service, contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center or send the product, with a
description of the difculty, postage, and insurance prepaid (FOB Destination), to the nearest Fluke authorized
service center. Fluke assumes no risk for damage in transit. Following warranty repair, the product will be
returned to Buyer, transportation prepaid (FOB Destination). If Fluke determines that the failure was caused
by misuse, alteration, accident or abnormal condition or operation or handling, Fluke will provide an estimate
or repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work. Following repair, the product will be
returned to the Buyer transportation prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transporta-
tion charges (FOB Shipping Point).
THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY
SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL. OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, INCLUDING LOSS OF
Fluke Corporation
799 E. Utah Valley Drive • American Fork, UT 84003-9775 • USA
Phone: +1.801.763.1600 • Telefax: +1.801.763.1010
E-mail: support@hartscientic.com
www.hartscientific.com
Specications subject to change without notice. • Copyright © 2008 • Printed in USA
Table of Contents
1 Before You Start .................................................................................... 1
1.1 Symbols Used ............................................................................................................1
1.2 Safety Information ......................................................................................................1
1.2.1 WARNINGS .......................................................................................................................1
1.2.2 CAUTIONS ........................................................................................................................2
1.3 Authorized Service Centers .......................................................................................2
2 Introduction and Specications .......................................................... 5
2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................5
2.2 Specifications ............................................................................................................5
2.2.1 General ..............................................................................................................................5
2.2.2 Primary Specifications.......................................................................................................6
2.2.2.1 Resistance Ratio Accuracy.......................................................................................................6
2.2.2.2 Resistor Stability .......................................................................................................................6
2.2.2.3 Absolute Resistance Accuracy.................................................................................................7
2.2.2.4 Measurement Current Accuracy ...............................................................................................7
2.2.3 Ancillary Specifications ..................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3.1 Temperature Measurement Noise .............................................................................................8
2.2.3.2 Relative Measurement Current Accuracy .................................................................................8
2.2.4 General Specifications ...................................................................................................... 9
2.2.5 Applying the Specifications ..............................................................................................9
2.2.5.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................9
2.2.5.2 How the Super-Thermometer Measures ...................................................................................9
2.2.5.3 Example 1: Measuring an SPRT .............................................................................................10
2.2.5.4 Example 2: Calibrating an SPRT .............................................................................................12
2.2.5.5 Example 4: Measuring a 100 Ω PRT .......................................................................................13
2.2.5.6 Example 5: Measuring a 10 kΩ Thermistor ............................................................................14
3 Preparation for Operation ................................................................... 15
3.1 Unpacking and Inspection ......................................................................................15
3.2 Instruction Manuals ..................................................................................................15
3.3 Line Voltage and Fuses ...........................................................................................15
3.4 Connecting to Line Power ........................................................................................16
3.5 Placement and Rack Mounting ................................................................................16
4 Front and Rear Panel Features .......................................................... 17
4.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................17
4.2 Front Panel Features ................................................................................................17
4.2.1 Measurement Inputs .......................................................................................................17
4.2.2 USB Connection .............................................................................................................. 17
4.2.3 Front Panel Keys .............................................................................................................18
4.2.3.1 Front Panel Display .................................................................................................................19
4.3 Rear Panel Features ................................................................................................20
4.3.3.1 External Resistor Inputs ..........................................................................................................20
4.3.1 Scanner Connection ........................................................................................................20
4.3.2 Future Peripheral Connection .........................................................................................21
4.3.3 Remote Operation Connections ...................................................................................... 21
4.3.4 Line Voltage Connection .................................................................................................22
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1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
4.3.5 Earth Ground Connection ...............................................................................................22
5 Menus and Screens ............................................................................ 23
5.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................23
5.2 Changing Settings ...................................................................................................23
5.3 Password Protection ................................................................................................24
5.4 Menu Navigation ......................................................................................................24
5.5 Menu System ...........................................................................................................24
5.6 Measurement Screen ...............................................................................................25
5.6.1 Channel Measurement Display .......................................................................................26
5.6.2 Channel Summary Section .............................................................................................. 26
5.6.3 Statistics Fields ...............................................................................................................27
5.6.4 Data/Graph Section .........................................................................................................27
5.6.5 Status and Alert Section .................................................................................................. 27
5.6.6 START/STOP MEASUREMENT (F1) ................................................................................28
5.6.7 SHOW TABLE/GRAPH (F2) ............................................................................................. 28
5.6.8 RESET STATISTICS (F3) ..................................................................................................28
5.6.9 CLEAR GRAPH/CLEAR MESSAGE (F4) .........................................................................28
5.6.10 START/STOP RECORD (F5) ...........................................................................................28
5.7 Main Menu ...............................................................................................................28
5.7.1 CHANNEL SETUP (F1) .................................................................................................... 29
5.7.1.1 ASSIGN PROBE (F1) ..............................................................................................................29
5.7.1.2 CHANNEL SETTINGS (F2)......................................................................................................30
5.7.2 PROBE MENU (F2) .......................................................................................................... 34
5.7.2.1 ADD PROBE (F1) ...................................................................................................................34
5.7.2.2 COPY PROBE (F2) ..................................................................................................................36
5.7.2.3 EDIT PROBE (F3) ....................................................................................................................36
5.7.2.4 READ PROBE (F4) ..................................................................................................................37
5.7.2.5 MANAGE PROBES (F5) .........................................................................................................37
5.7.3 MEASURE MENU (F3) ..................................................................................................... 38
5.7.3.1 SCAN SETTINGS (F1) .............................................................................................................39
5.7.3.2 TIMING SETTINGS (F2) ..........................................................................................................39
5.7.3.3 DIGITAL FILTER (F3) ...............................................................................................................41
5.7.3.4 RECORDING MENU (F4) ........................................................................................................41
5.7.3.5 ZERO-POWER MEASUREMENT (F5) .....................................................................................43
5.7.4 DISPLAY MENU (F4) .......................................................................................................46
5.7.4.1 USER SETTINGS (F1) .............................................................................................................47
5.7.4.2 FIELD SETTINGS (F2) ............................................................................................................48
5.7.4.3 STATISTICS SETTINGS (F3) ....................................................................................................49
5.7.4.4 GRAPH SETTINGS (F4) ..........................................................................................................49
5.7.4.5 TEMPERATURE UNIT (F5) ......................................................................................................50
5.7.5 SYSTEM MENU (F5) ........................................................................................................ 50
5.7.5.1 TIME DATE (F1) ......................................................................................................................50
5.7.5.2 REMOTE INTERFACE (F2) ......................................................................................................51
5.7.5.3 CONFIG (F3) ...........................................................................................................................52
5.7.6 RECALL CONFIG (F2) ..................................................................................................... 53
5.7.7 DELETE CONFIG (F3) ..................................................................................................... 54
5.7.7.1 PASSWORD (F4) .....................................................................................................................54
5.7.7.2 CALIBRATION (F5) .................................................................................................................55
6 Getting Started .................................................................................... 57
6.1 Powering on the Super-Thermometer ......................................................................57
iv
6.2 User Settings Screen ...............................................................................................57
6.3 Connecting a Probe or Resistor ...............................................................................58
7 Making Measurements ....................................................................... 61
7.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................61
7.2 Measuring a Temperature Probe .............................................................................61
7.3 Scanning Multiple Temperature Probes ...................................................................62
7.4 Measuring Resistance Ratio ....................................................................................62
7.5 Configuring an External Reference Resistor ............................................................62
7.6 Making A Zero-Power Measurement .......................................................................63
8 Remote Operation ............................................................................... 65
8.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................65
8.2 Configuring the Network (LAN) Port ........................................................................65
8.2.1 Hardware Mac Address ..................................................................................................66
8.2.2 Selecting Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) ................................................66
8.2.3 Setting a Static Internet Protocol (IP) Address ................................................................66
8.2.4 Setting the LAN Gateway Address .................................................................................67
8.2.5 Setting the LAN Subnet Mask .........................................................................................67
8.2.6 Setting the Host Name ....................................................................................................67
8.3 Using the Web Interface ..........................................................................................68
8.4 Configuring the USB Port.........................................................................................68
8.5 Configuring the RS-232 Serial Port ..........................................................................69
8.6 Configuring the IEEE-488 Port .................................................................................69
8.7 Interface Commands ...............................................................................................70
8.7.1 Command Syntax ............................................................................................................ 70
8.7.2 List of Commands ...........................................................................................................70
8.7.3 Descriptions of Commands ............................................................................................. 74
8.7.3.1 *CLS ........................................................................................................................................74
8.7.3.2 *ESE <value> ..........................................................................................................................74
8.7.3.3 *ESR? ......................................................................................................................................74
8.7.3.4 *IDN? ......................................................................................................................................75
8.7.3.5 *RST ........................................................................................................................................75
8.7.3.6 *SRE <value> .........................................................................................................................75
8.7.3.7 *STB? ......................................................................................................................................76
8.7.3.8 CAL:DATE <year>,<month>,<day> .......................................................................................76
8.7.3.9 CAL:PAR:LIN<n> <value> .....................................................................................................76
8.7.3.10 CAL:PAR:RES<n> <value> ....................................................................................................76
8.7.3.11 CAL:PAR:ZERO <value> ........................................................................................................76
8.7.3.12 CALC<n>:AVER:ALL? ............................................................................................................77
8.7.3.13 CALC<n>:AVER:AVER? ..........................................................................................................77
8.7.3.14 CALC[<n>]:AVER:CLEA .........................................................................................................77
8.7.3.15 CALC:AVER:COUN <value> ..................................................................................................77
8.7.3.16 CALC<n>:AVER:MAX? ...........................................................................................................78
8.7.3.17 CALC<n>:AVER:MIN? ............................................................................................................78
8.7.3.18 CALC<n>:AVER:SDEV? ..........................................................................................................78
8.7.3.19 CALC<n>:AVER:SEM? ...........................................................................................................79
8.7.3.20 CALC<n>:AVER:SPR? ............................................................................................................79
8.7.3.21 CALC<n>:AVER:SSIZ? ...........................................................................................................79
8.7.3.22 CALC:AVER:TCON NORM|MOV .............................................................................................79
8.7.3.23 CALC:DELT:CHAN <channel> ...............................................................................................79
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1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
8.7.3.24 CALC<n>:DELT:DATA? ...........................................................................................................80
8.7.3.25 CALC:DELT:MODE OFFS|CHAN .............................................................................................80
8.7.3.26 CALC:DELT:OFFS <value> .....................................................................................................80
8.7.3.27 CALC<n>:TYPE TEMP|RES|RAT .............................................................................................80
8.7.3.28 DATA:REC:ALL <boolean> .....................................................................................................80
8.7.3.29 DATA:REC:FILE <name> ........................................................................................................81
8.7.3.30 DATA:REC:MEM INT|USB|BOTH .............................................................................................81
8.7.3.31 DATA:REC[:STAT] <boolean> .................................................................................................81
8.7.3.32 DISP:ALER:CLEA ....................................................................................................................81
8.7.3.33 DISP:ALER[:READ]? ...............................................................................................................81
8.7.3.34 DISP:DATE:FORM YMD|DMY|MDY .........................................................................................81
8.7.3.35 DISP:DEC:FORM PER|COMM ................................................................................................81
8.7.3.36 DISP:FIEL:FEED<n>? ............................................................................................................81
8.7.3.37 DISP:FIEL:MEM <n> ..............................................................................................................82
8.7.3.38 DISP:FIEL:MEM<n1>:FEED<n2> <feed> .............................................................................82
8.7.3.39 DISP:HELP <boolean> ...........................................................................................................82
8.7.3.40 DISP:LANG ENGLISH|CHINESE|JAPANESE|SPANISH|GERMAN|FRENCH|RUSSIAN ...........82
8.7.3.41 DISP:TEMP:DIG <digits> ........................................................................................................82
8.7.3.42 DISP:WARN:DUE <boolean> .................................................................................................82
8.7.3.43 DISP:WARN:ITS <boolean> ...................................................................................................83
8.7.3.44 FETC? <channel> ...................................................................................................................83
8.7.3.45 INIT:CONT <boolean> ............................................................................................................83
8.7.3.46 INIT:STOP:BEEP <boolean> ...................................................................................................83
8.7.3.47 INIT:STOP:DUR <value> .........................................................................................................83
8.7.3.48 INIT:STOP[:STAT] <boolean> .................................................................................................84
8.7.3.49 INIT:STOP:TIME?.....................................................................................................................84
8.7.3.50 INP<n>:CURR <current> .......................................................................................................84
8.7.3.51 INP<n>:CURR:DATA? .............................................................................................................84
8.7.3.52 INP<n>:CURR:STAN <boolean> ............................................................................................84
8.7.3.53 INP:PROB:ADD <id> ..............................................................................................................84
8.7.3.54 INP:PROB:COUN? ..................................................................................................................85
8.7.3.55 INP:PROB:DEL <id> ...............................................................................................................85
8.7.3.56 INP:PROB:FIRS? .....................................................................................................................85
8.7.3.57 INP<n>:PROB:IDEN <id> ......................................................................................................85
8.7.3.58 INP:PROB:NEXT?....................................................................................................................85
8.7.3.59 INP:PROB:PAR <id>,<name>,<value> ..................................................................................86
8.7.3.60 INP:PROB:TEST? <id>,<resistance> .....................................................................................87
8.7.3.61 INP:REAR<n>:RS:IDEN <id>|VAR|NONE ...............................................................................87
8.7.3.62 INP:RS:ADD <id> ...................................................................................................................88
8.7.3.63 INP:RS:COUN? .......................................................................................................................88
8.7.3.64 INP:RS:DEL <id> ....................................................................................................................88
8.7.3.65 INP:RS:FIRS? ..........................................................................................................................88
8.7.3.66 INP<n>:RS:IDEN <id>|VAR|NONE .........................................................................................88
8.7.3.67 INP:RS:NEXT? .........................................................................................................................89
8.7.3.68 INP:RS:OVEN:STAB? ..............................................................................................................89
8.7.3.69 INP:RS:PAR <id>,<name>,<value> .......................................................................................89
8.7.3.70 INP<n>:RS:ROUT <source> ..................................................................................................89
8.7.3.71 ROUT:CLOS <channel> .........................................................................................................90
8.7.3.72 ROUT:CLOS:STAT? .................................................................................................................90
8.7.3.73 ROUT:SCAN <channel list> ....................................................................................................90
8.7.3.74 ROUT:SCAN:ADD <channel list> ...........................................................................................91
8.7.3.75 ROUT:SCAN:ALT <boolean> ..................................................................................................91
8.7.3.76 ROUT:SCAN:DEL <channel list> ............................................................................................91
8.7.3.77 ROUT:SCAN:REF <channel> ..................................................................................................91
8.7.3.78 ROUT:SCAN:REP <value> ......................................................................................................91
8.7.3.79 ROUT:SCAN:STAT <boolean> ................................................................................................92
vi
8.7.3.80 SENS:APER[:DISP] <time> .....................................................................................................92
8.7.3.81 SENS:APER:PRES NORM|PREC|FAST|LONG ........................................................................92
8.7.3.82 SENS:APER:SAMP <time> .....................................................................................................92
8.7.3.83 SENS:AVER1[:STAT] <boolean> .............................................................................................92
8.7.3.84 SENS:AVER2[:STAT] <boolean> .............................................................................................93
8.7.3.85 SENS:AVER2:COUN <count> ................................................................................................93
8.7.3.86 SENS:AVER2:CLEA .................................................................................................................93
8.7.3.87 SENS[<n>][:FRES]:DATA? ......................................................................................................93
8.7.3.88 SENS[<n>]:RRAT:DATA? .........................................................................................................93
8.7.3.89 STAT:OPER? ............................................................................................................................94
8.7.3.90 STAT:OPER:COND? ................................................................................................................94
8.7.3.91 STAT:OPER:ENAB <value> .....................................................................................................94
8.7.3.92 STAT:QUES? ............................................................................................................................94
8.7.3.93 STAT:QUES:COND? ................................................................................................................94
8.7.3.94 STAT:QUES:ENAB <value> .....................................................................................................94
8.7.3.95 SYST:BEEP[:IMM] ...................................................................................................................95
8.7.3.96 SYST:BEEP:KEY <boolean> ...................................................................................................95
8.7.3.97 SYST:BEEP:ALER <boolean> .................................................................................................95
8.7.3.98 SYST:CODE:VERS? .................................................................................................................95
8.7.3.99 SYST:COMM:GPIB:ADDR <value> .........................................................................................95
8.7.3.100 SYST:COMM:GPIB[:STAT] <boolean> ....................................................................................95
8.7.3.101 SYST:COMM:GPIB:TERM LIN|RET .........................................................................................95
8.7.3.102 SYST:COMM:SER:BAUD <value> ..........................................................................................95
8.7.3.103 SYST:COMM:SER:LIN <boolean> ..........................................................................................95
8.7.3.104 SYST:COMM:SOCK:ADDR <IP address> ..............................................................................95
8.7.3.105 SYST:COMM:SOCK:CONT OFF|ON|QUER.............................................................................96
8.7.3.106 SYST:COMM:SOCK:DHCP <boolean> ...................................................................................96
8.7.3.107 SYST:COMM:SOCK:GAT <IP address> .................................................................................96
8.7.3.108 SYST:COMM:SOCK:KEEP <seconds> ...................................................................................96
8.7.3.109 SYST:COMM:SOCK:MAC?......................................................................................................97
8.7.3.110 SYST:COMM:SOCK:MASK <IP address> ..............................................................................97
8.7.3.111 SYST:COMM:SOCK:NAME <name> ......................................................................................97
8.7.3.112 SYST:COMM:USB[:STAT] <boolean> .....................................................................................97
8.7.3.113 SYST:CONF:CHAN? ................................................................................................................97
8.7.3.114 SYST:CONF:SCAN? ................................................................................................................97
8.7.3.115 SYST:DATE <year>,<month>,<day> ......................................................................................97
8.7.3.116 SYST:ERR? ..............................................................................................................................98
8.7.3.117 SYST:KLOC <boolean> ..........................................................................................................98
8.7.3.118 SYST:PASS:CDIS .....................................................................................................................98
8.7.3.119 SYST:PASS:CEN <password> ................................................................................................98
8.7.3.120 SYST:PASS:CEN:STAT? ...........................................................................................................99
8.7.3.121 SYST:PASS:GROU:MEAS <boolean> .....................................................................................99
8.7.3.122 SYST:PASS:GROU:PROB <boolean> .....................................................................................99
8.7.3.123 SYST:PASS:GROU:RES <boolean> ........................................................................................99
8.7.3.124 SYST:PASS:GROU:TIME <boolean> ......................................................................................99
8.7.3.125 SYST:PASS:NEW <current password>,<new password> ......................................................99
8.7.3.126 SYST:PON:MIN? ......................................................................................................................99
8.7.3.127 SYST:TIME <hour>,<minute>,<second> ...............................................................................99
8.7.3.128 SYST:TIME:DAYL OFF|NAM|EUR ............................................................................................99
8.7.3.129 TEST:CURR:CONF <channel>,<current>,<polarity> ...........................................................100
8.7.3.130 TEST:CURR[:STAT] <boolean> .............................................................................................100
8.7.3.131 TEST:LIN:ABOR ....................................................................................................................100
8.7.3.132 TEST:LIN:PAR? ......................................................................................................................100
8.7.3.133 TEST:LIN:INIT ........................................................................................................................100
8.7.3.134 TEST:LIN:REP<n>? ...............................................................................................................101
8.7.3.135 TEST:LIN:REP:TIME?.............................................................................................................101
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1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
8.7.3.136 TEST:LIN[:STAT]? ..................................................................................................................101
8.7.3.137 TEST:LIN:TIME? ....................................................................................................................101
8.7.3.138 TEST:LIN:TOL<n>? ...............................................................................................................102
8.7.3.139 TEST:SYST:ABOR ..................................................................................................................102
8.7.3.140 TEST:SYST:INIT .....................................................................................................................102
8.7.3.141 TEST:SYST:REP[<n>]? ..........................................................................................................102
8.7.3.142 TEST:SYST:STAT? ..................................................................................................................102
8.7.3.143 UNIT:TEMP C|K|F ..................................................................................................................102
9 Calibration ......................................................................................... 103
9.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................103
9.2 SYSTEM TEST (F1) ................................................................................................103
9.3 CURRENT TEST (F2) .............................................................................................103
9.4 RATIO CALIBRATION (F3) .....................................................................................104
9.4.1 WRITE FILE (F1) ............................................................................................................ 106
9.4.2 ADJUST PARAMETERS (F2) .........................................................................................106
9.5 RESISTANCE CALIBRATION (F4) ..........................................................................106
9.5.1 WRITE FILE (F1) ............................................................................................................ 107
9.5.2 ADJUST RESISTOR (F2) ...............................................................................................108
9.6 CALIBRATION PARAMETERS (F5) ........................................................................108
9.6.1 Calibration Interval ........................................................................................................108
9.6.2 Standby Current Check .................................................................................................109
10 Maintenance .......................................................................................111
11 Troubleshooting .................................................................................113
Index ...........................................................................................................115
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Figures
Figure 1 PEM (Power Entry Module) .................................................................................16
Figure 2 Front view ...........................................................................................................17
Figure 3 Front Panel Display .............................................................................................19
Figure 4 Rear view ............................................................................................................20
Figure 5 External Resistor Inputs ......................................................................................20
Figure 6 Power Entry Module ...........................................................................................22
Figure 7 Location Descriptor Example .............................................................................23
Figure 8 Alpha-Numeric Interface ....................................................................................23
Figure 9 Measurement Screen ..........................................................................................26
Figure 10 Channel Setup Screen ......................................................................................29
Figure 11 Probe Menu Screen ..........................................................................................34
Figure 12 Measure Menu Screen ......................................................................................38
Figure 13 Measurement Process Block Diagram .............................................................39
Figure 14 Display Menu Screen........................................................................................46
Figure 15 System Menu Screen ........................................................................................50
Figure 16 Input Wiring ......................................................................................................58
Figure 17 Super-Thermometer Web Interface ..................................................................68
Figure 18 Current meter connection diagram.................................................................103
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1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Tables
Table 1 Symbols ..................................................................................................................1
Table 2 Resistance Ratio Accuracy Specifications ............................................................6
Table 3 Resistor Stability Specifications .............................................................................7
Table 4 Absolute Resistance Accuracy Specifications ......................................................7
Table 5 Measurement Current Accuracy Specifications.....................................................8
Table 6 Temperature Measurement Noise Specifications...................................................8
Table 7 Relative Measurement Current Specifications .......................................................8
Table 8 General Specifications ...........................................................................................9
Table 9 Optional Accessories ...........................................................................................15
Table 10 Front panel key descriptions ..............................................................................18
Table 11 Remote Operation Connections .........................................................................21
Table 12 Alert Messages ..................................................................................................27
Table 13 Recommended Reference Resistor for Various Probe Types ............................30
Table 14 Probe Conversion Information ............................................................................35
Table 15 Default Statistical Fields .....................................................................................48
Table 16 Statistical Field Descriptions ..............................................................................48
Table 17 Recommended Reference Resistors and Sensing Current ...............................62
Table 18 Remote Operation Ports ..................................................................................... 65
Table 19 Report Operation Commands ............................................................................ 70
Table 20 Recommended Resistors For Testing The Current ..........................................104
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1 Before You Start
1.1 Symbols Used
Table 1 lists the symbols that may be used on the instrument or in this manual and the meaning of each
symbol.
Table 1 Symbols
Symbol Description Symbol Description
AC (Alternating Current) PE Ground
AC-DC Hot Surface (Burn Hazard)
Before You Start
Safety Information
Battery
Complies with European Union
directives
DC On
Double Insulated Standby Indication
Electric Shock
Fuse C-TICK Australian EMC mark
Ground
Read the User’s Guide
(Important Information)
Off
Canadian Standards
Association
The European Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment
(WEEE) Directive (2002/96/EC)
mark.
1.2 Safety Information
This instrument is compliant to EN 61010-1 {2nd Edition}, and CAN/CSA 22.2 No 61010.1-04, Pollution
Degree 2. This instrument is designed for indoor use only. Use this instrument only as specified in this manual.
Otherwise, the protection provided by the instrument may be impaired.
The following denitions apply to the terms “Warning” and “Caution”.
“WARNING” identifies conditions and actions that may pose hazards to the user.
“CAUTION” identifies conditions and actions that may damage the instrument being used.
1.2.1 WARNINGS
DO NOT use this unit in environments other than those listed in the User’s Guide.
Follow all safety guidelines listed in the User’s Guide.
Calibration equipment should only be used by trained personnel.
This instrument can measure extreme temperatures. Precautions must be taken to prevent personal
injury or damage to objects. Probes may be extremely hot or cold. Cautiously handle probes to prevent
personal injury. Carefully place probes on a heat/cold resistant surface or rack until they reach room
temperature.
DO NOT operate near flammable materials.
Use only a grounded AC mains supply of the appropriate voltage to power the instrument.
1
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Authorized Service Centers
DO NOT connect an AC mains supply that does not match the voltage setting on the back of the unit.
DO NOT use this instrument in combination with any probe ( PRT or thermistor) to measure the
temperature or resistance of any device where the probe might come in contact with a conductor that is
electrically energized. Severe electric shock, personal injury, or death may occur.
DO NOT position this instrument in a manner where it is difficult to reach the power cord or power
entry module mains switch. When rack mounting the instrument, ensure the rack power cord and mains
supply switch are accessible.
1.2.2 CAUTIONS
If the instrument is dropped, struck, or handled in a way that causes internal or external physical
damage, immediately unplug the instrument, discontinue use, and contact a Fluke Authorized Service
Center for repair. Do not attempt to disassemble or repair the instrument. Refer repairs or replacement
of components to a Fluke Authorized Service Center.
DO NOT connect AC voltage to any input terminal on the instrument. Permanent damage to the
instrument will result.
1.3 Authorized Service Centers
Please contact one of the following authorized Service Centers to coordinate service on your Fluke product:
Fluke Corporation
799 E. Utah Valley Drive
American Fork, UT 84003-9775
USA
Phone: +1.801.763.1600
Telefax: +1.801.763.1010
E-mail: support@hartscientific.com
Fluke Nederland B.V.
Customer Support Services
Science Park Eindhoven 5108
5692 EC Son
NETHERLANDS
Phone: +31-402-675300
Telefax: +31-402-675321
E-mail: ServiceDesk@fluke.nl
Fluke Int’l Corporation
Service Center - Instrimpex
Room 2301 Sciteck Tower
22 Jianguomenwai Dajie
Chao Yang District
Beijing 100004, PRC
CHINA
Phone: +86-10-6-512-3436
Telefax: +86-10-6-512-3437
E-mail: xingye.han@fluke.com.cn
2
Before You Start
Authorized Service Centers
Fluke South East Asia Pte Ltd.
Fluke ASEAN Regional Office
Service Center
60 Alexandra Terrace #03-16
The Comtech (Lobby D)
118502
SINGAPORE
Phone: +65 6799-5588
Telefax: +65 6799-5588
E-mail: antng@singa.fluke.com
When contacting these Service Centers for support, please have the following information available:
Model Number
Serial Number
Voltage
Complete description of the problem
3
Introduction and Specications
2 Introduction and Specications
2.1 Introduction
The Fluke family of Hart Super-Thermometers long ago established the standard for easy-to-use, precision
temperature measurement instrumentation. Laboratories worldwide have selected the Super-Thermometer
not only for the assurance of achieving high-quality results, but also for the innovative features that increase
productivity in the lab. The Fluke 1594A and 1595A Hart Super-Thermometers continue this legacy adding
new patent pending measurement technology and features that truly are best in class. Below is a summary of
key capabilities and features.
Typical 1595A accuracy 0.2 ppm (0.05 mK), 1594A accuracy 0.8 ppm (0.2 mK)
Sample rates as fast as 1 second
Measures SPRTs, HTPRTs, PRTs, and thermistors
Four input channels on the front panel accept most probe terminations with the patented DWF, gold-
plated, tellurium-copper, quick-connect terminals
Congurable standby current for each input channel minimizes self-heating transients when scanning
between channels
Two input channels on the back panel, dedicated for external standard resistors, keep the front panel
inputs free for Reference Thermometers or Standard Resistors and UUTs
Channel Select Keys above each input channel change color to indicate whether a channel is actively
measuring, in standby, or inactive—pressing a channel key activates the selected channel
Temperature-controlled internal reference resistors allow for traceable temperature and absolute
resistance measurements in ambient conditions from 15 °C to 30 °C
Patent pending, Ratio Self-Calibration performs a linearity check or calibration of the SuperThermometer ratio accuracy without the need of any external equipment
Automated Zero-Power Measurement allows for determination and/or cancellation of a thermometer’s
self-heating error
Updated computer interface with USB control, RS-232, and IEEE-488 included as standard
Ethernet connection allows for remote view of the Super-Thermometer’s display from a web browser
USB memory device on the front panel to accommodate data logging, transfer of probe parameters, and
storage and retrieval of Super-Thermometer user congurations
VGA output allows the Super-Thermometer’s screen to be displayed on a VGA monitor
Selectable operating language: English, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, French, German, or Russian
Intuitive User Interface makes the Super-Thermometer easy to congure and use right out of the box
Specications
2.2 Specications
2.2.1 General
Current best practices in metrology require uncertainty analyses to be in compliance with the ISO Guide to the
Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (often referred to as the “GUM”). For convenience, the specica-
tions in this section are listed in k = 2 (95%) coverage and in k = 3 (99%) coverage to allow the user to easily
apply the specications in an uncertainty analysis.
The following specications apply after the standard warm-up period of 30 minutes. The Super-Thermometer
is designed to measure with accuracy and stability without the need for internal auto-cal or zeroing routines.
To realize the full potential of measurement ability, accepted metrology practices such as the use of proper
wiring should be adhered to. In addition, it is important to ensure that the instrument is correctly set up.
The specications are divided into three categories: primary specications, ancillary specications, and general specications.
5
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Specications
Primary Specications: the core set of measurement accuracy specications of the Super-Thermometer. They
are guaranteed for performance verication at the 99% condence level.
Ancillary Specications: additional specications that help the user understand more of the uncertainties
involved in measurement. Since they may be subject to the application and setting in which the Super-Ther-
mometer is used, they are not guaranteed for performance verication but should be considered typical.
General specications: general specications such as measurement range, environmental operating range,
dimensions, etc.
2.2.2 Primary Specications
2.2.2.1 Resistance Ratio Accuracy
Resistance ratio accuracy is the ability of the Super-Thermometer to measure the ratio of two resistances, Rx/
Rs. It is determined primarily by the linearity of the measurement circuit. The following specications apply
for resistance ratios measured with a reference resistor of 25 Ω or 100 Ω using a measurement current of 0.5
mA to 2.0 mA. Other reference resistors are specied using a factor as explained in the following specication table. Performance verication is guaranteed for 99% condence level specications within the specied
operating temperature range of 15°C to 30°C. The listed uncertainties are in terms of parts-per-million (ppm)
of reading unless stated otherwise.
Table 2 Resistance Ratio Accuracy Specifications
Ratio Range
95% condence level, 1-year
0.95 to 1.05 0.24 ppm 0.06 ppm
0.5 to 0.95, 1.05 to 2.0 0.64 ppm 0.16 ppm
0.25 to 0.5, 2.0 to 4.0 0.8 ppm 0.2 ppm
0.0 to 0.25 2.0 x 10
4.0 to 10.0 2.0 ppm 0.5 ppm
99% condence level, 1-year
0.95 to 1.05 0.3 ppm 0.075 ppm
0.5 to 0.95, 1.05 to 2.0 0.8 ppm 0.2 ppm
0.25 to 0.5, 2.0 to 4.0 1.0 ppm 0.25 ppm
0.0 to 0.25 2.5 x 10
4.0 to 10.0 2.5 ppm 0.63 ppm
†
Specications are in terms of absolute ratio
All specications listed in this table apply when using a 25 W or 100 W
reference resistor. Multiply stated specications by a factor of 2 when using a
10 W reference resistor with sensing current between 1 and 5 mA, and a factor
of 10 when using a 1 W reference resistor with sensing current between 5 and
20mA. When using a 10 kohm reference resistor, internal or external, use the
Absolute Resistance Accuracy specication in Table 4.
1594A Accuracy
(ppm of reading)
–07 †
–7 †
1595A Accuracy
(ppm of reading)
–8 †
5.0 x 10
–8 †
6.3 x 10
2.2.2.2 Resistor Stability
Resistor stability characterizes the ability of the instrument to accurately compare two similar resistances
within some time period using the internal resistors as references. The following specications apply using the
given reference resistor over a one-minute average. The specications assume typical laboratory conditions,
which do not include transportation and large ambient temperature uctuations.
Resistance stability is determined by the short-term stability of the internal reference resistors and control
stability of the temperature stabilizing block. It does not include measurement noise.
6
Table 3 Resistor Stability Specifications
Resistor (Rs) Accuracy (ppm of reading),
95% condence level
24 hours 30 days
1W 5 ppm 10 ppm
10W 0.5 ppm 2 ppm
25W 0.25 ppm 1 ppm
100W 0.2 ppm 1 ppm
10kW 0.25 ppm 1 ppm
2.2.2.3 Absolute Resistance Accuracy
Absolute resistance accuracy is the ability of the instrument to measure absolute resistance, Rx, using the
internal reference resistors. The following specications apply using the given reference resistor, Rs, and
excitation current.
The 1-year specications include calibration uncertainty, reference resistor drift, ambient temperature sensitivity, resistance ratio uncertainty, and measurement noise using 1-minute average and a 2-second sample period
(n = 30).
Performance verication is guaranteed for 99% condence level, 1-year specications within the specied
operating temperature range of 15°C to 30°C, maintaining a calibration interval of 6 months for the rst year
and 1 year thereafter.
Introduction and Specications
Specications
Table 4 Absolute Resistance Accuracy Specifications
Resistance range (Rs, current) Accuracy (ppm of reading)
95% condence level, 1-year
0W to 1.2W (1W,10mA) Greater of 40 ppm or 0.000012W
0W to 12W (10W,3mA) Greater of 10 ppm or 0.000024W
0W to 120W (25W, 1mA) Greater of 5 ppm or 0.000024W
0W to 400W (100W, 1mA) Greater of 4 ppm or 0.00008W
0 W to 10 kW (10 kW, 10mA) Greater of 5 ppm or 0.000012kW
10 kW to 40 kW (10 kW, 10mA)
40 kW to 100 kW (10 kW, 2mA)
100 kW to 500 kW (10 kW, 1mA)
99% condence level, 1-year
0W to 1.2W (1W, 10 mA) Greater of 50 ppm or 0.000015W
0W to 12W (10W, 3 mA) Greater of 13 ppm or 0.00003W
0W to 120W (25W, 1 mA) Greater of 6.3 ppm or 0.00003W
0W to 400W (100W, 1 mA) Greater of 5 ppm or 0.0001W
0 kW to 10 kW (10kW, 10mA) Greater of 6.3 ppm or 0.000015 kW
10 kW to 40 kW (10kW, 10mA)
40 kW to 100 kW (10kW, 2mA)
100 kW to 500 kW (10kW,1 mA)
8 ppm
20 ppm
80 ppm
10ppm
25ppm
100ppm
2.2.2.4 Measurement Current Accuracy
Measurement current accuracy is guaranteed to meet the following specications. The specications are stated
as percent of selected current or in absolute mA.
7
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Specications
Table 5 Measurement Current Accuracy Specifications
Current Range Accuracy
99% condence level, 1-year
0.001 mA to 0.005 mA 0.00005 mA
0.005 mA to 0.02 mA 1 %
0.02 mA to 0.2 mA 0.5 %
0.2 mA to 2 mA 0.2 %
2 mA to 20 mA 0.5 %
2.2.3 Ancillary Specications
2.2.3.1 Temperature Measurement Noise
Temperature measurement noise indicates typical measurement noise in temperature measurements. The speci-
cations below are given for averages taken over a period of 1 minute with a 2-second sample rate. The effect
of noise may be reduced for longer averages or may be greater for shorter averages.
Noise performance is dependent upon many conditions. Some of the most important things to consider are the
type of thermometer, setup, and environmental conditions such as electromagnetic interference.
Due to the subjective nature of measurement noise, it is not a guaranteed specication. The specications
listed in the table below are obtainable in a typical laboratory environment. It is important that the user make
their own evaluation of measurement noise in the application and environment where the Super-Thermometer
is used.
Table 6 Temperature Measurement Noise Specifications
Standard Error
Conditions (Rs, Current)
Typical performance
25W SPRT at 0°C (25W, 1.0 mA) 0.00002
25W SPRT at 420°C (25W, 1.0 mA) 0.00006
100W PRT at 0°C (100W, 1.0 mA) 0.00001
100W PRT at 420°C (100W, 1.0 mA) 0.00003
10 kW Thermistor at 25°C (10 kW, 10 mA) 0.000003
of the Mean, °C
2.2.3.2 Relative Measurement Current Accuracy
Zero-Power resistance values are calculated based on measurements taken at two levels of excitation current
that differ by a factor of 1.4142. Only the portions of the errors in the currents that are uncorrelated contribute
to error in the zero-power resistance value.
The following specications may be used to estimate the contribution of current error in zero-power resistance
measurements.
Table 7 Relative Measurement Current Specifications
Range Relative Accuracy, mA
99% condence level
0.001 mA to 0.1 mA 0.0008
0.1 mA to 2 mA 0.003
2 mA to 20 mA 0.03
8
2.2.4 General Specications
Table 8 General Specifications
Warm-up period 30 minutes
Measurement range 0W to 500 kW
Measurement current range 0.001 mA to 20 mA
Measurement current reversal interval:
Sample period of 1 second or 2 seconds
Sample period of 5 second or 10 seconds
Standby current range 0.001 mA to 2 mA
AC power 100 V to 230 V (±10%)
Fuse Rating 2 A – T – 250 V
Specied operating temperature 15°C to 30°C
Absolute operating temperature 5°C to 40°C
Storage temperature 0°C to 40°C
Operating relative humidity, 5°C to 30°C 10% to 70%
Operating relative humidity, 30°C to 40°C 10% to 50%
Storage relative humidity 0% to 95%, non-condensing
Maximum operating altitude 3000m
Dimensions:
Height
Width
Depth (with handles)
Depth (without handles)
Weight
Introduction and Specications
Specications
0.2 second
1.2 second
50 or 60 Hz
147 mm (5.8 in)
439 mm (17.3 in)
447 mm (17.6 in)
406 mm (16.0 in)
7.3 kg (16.0 lb)
2.2.5 Applying the Specications
2.2.5.1 Introduction
The purpose of this section is to help the user apply the specications in measurement scenarios for which
the Super-Thermometer was designed. The following uncertainty calculation examples may not include all
uncertainties that are present in a measurement. Be sure to follow current best practices in uncertainty analysis
to correctly calculate measurement uncertainty.
2.2.5.2 How the Super-Thermometer Measures
In order to understand how to apply the specications, it is important to know how the Super-Thermometer
measures. The fundamental measurement of the Super-Thermometer is the resistance ratio. It is the ratio
between an unknown resistance (Rx) and a reference resistor (Rs) – either internal or external. If a resistance
measurement is needed, the ratio is multiplied by the value of the reference resistor to calculate the resistance
of the Rx resistor (for more information refer to Measurement Timing in the Menus and Screens section).
If a temperature reading is required, the Rx resistance value is used to calculate the temperature using the calibration coefcients entered into the Probe Library. When ITS-90 is selected as the temperature conversion, the
Rx resistance is divided by the RTPW (resistance at the triple-point of water) value that is entered in the probe
denition. The resulting value is called W
then applied to W
Since W
is a ratio between a probe’s resistance at temperature (R
T90
to calculate the temperature reading of the probe.
T90
curacy relies primarily on ratio accuracy if both R
Also, this only applies if the RTPW was measured by the Super-Thermometer and entered into the probe
denition.
. The probe calibration coefcients and the ITS-90 equations are
T90
) and its RTPW, W
) and RTPW are measured in close proximity in time.
T90 (Rx
T90
measurement ac-
T90
9
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Specications
When calibrating an SPRT on the ITS-90, the W
This is done by measuring the resistance of the SPRT at a xed-point temperature followed immediately by
measurement of the RTPW. This is repeated for each temperature point. Once again the ratio accuracy of the
Super-Thermometer, applied to each measured resistance, determines the accuracy of the resulting W
2.2.5.3 Example 1: Measuring an SPRT
This section explains how to calculate the uncertainty of a temperature measurement when measuring a
calibrated 25.5 W SPRT at 157 °C, using the internal 25 W reference resistor in a 1595A. Since the SuperThermometer measurement accuracy is directly related to other sources of uncertainty, additional uncertainties
will be included in the calculation for completeness.
Since an SPRT can be measured with different techniques, two different calculations will be presented to represent the most common and recommended techniques.
2.2.5.3.1 Measuring With Updated RTPW
In this example, the RTPW of the SPRT is measured by a 1595A and entered into the SPRT’s probe denition
in the 1595A. Then the SPRT is measured at 157 °C, in temperature mode, using the coefcients entered in the
SPRT probe denition.
As explained above, this measurement technique primarily uses the ratio accuracy of the Super-Thermometer.
It is equivalent to measuring the ITS-90 W
The total uncertainty of this measurement is based on six uncorrelated uncertainties. These uncertainties are:
Resistance ratio accuracy of the 1595A at 157 °C
Measurement noise at 157 °C
Resistance ratio accuracy of the 1595A at 0.01 °C (triple-point of water)
Measurement noise at 0.01 °C
Reference resistor drift
Uncertainty of the triple-point of water cell
The following demonstrate how to calculate and combine the listed uncertainties.
value is measured at required xed-point temperatures.
T90
value and using it to calculate temperature.
T90
T90
value.
2.2.5.3.2 Resistance Ratio Accuracy at 157 °C
The resistance of the SPRT, when measuring at 157 °C, is 41.1 Ω. The ratio of this resistance against the 25
W reference resistor is 1.644. From the resistance ratio accuracy specications of the 1595A, the standard
uncertainty (k = 1) when measuring a resistance ratio of 1.644 is 0.08 ppm. This is converted to temperature
by dividing 0.08 ppm by 1.0 × 106 and then multiplying by 1.644. The result is then divided by W
ity (dW/dT) at 157 °C which is 0.0038 (found on the SPRT calibration report, see tip below). The nal result is
0.000035 °C.
2.2.5.3.3 Measurement Noise at 157 °C
Random error due to measurement noise must be included as an uncertainty. During measurement at 157 °C, it
is observed that the standard error of the mean is 0.000040 °C.
Note: The user must monitor measurement noise and use the actual measured measurement noise in the
uncertainty calculations.
2.2.5.3.4 Resistance Ratio Accuracy at 0.01 °C
Uncertainties related to measuring the RTPW of the SPRT must be included in the analysis. However, RTPW
uncertainties are magnied when applied to uncertainties of temperatures that are above 0 °C. At 157 °C this
magnication is estimated by multiplying RTPW uncertainties by the W
example).
The resistance of the SPRT at the triple-point of water is approximately 25.5 Ω. The resistance ratio against the
25 W reference resistor is then about 1.02. From the resistance ratio accuracy specications of the 1595A, the
standard uncertainty due to linearity while measuring a resistance ratio of 1.02 is 0.03 ppm. This specication
T90
value at 157 °C (1.612 in this
T90
sensitiv-
10
is converted to temperature by dividing 0.03 ppm by 1.0 × 106 and then multiplying by 1.02. The result is then
divided by W
ing by W
2.2.5.3.5 Measurement Noise at 0.01 °C
sensitivity, dW/dT, at 0.01 °C, which is 0.004. The nal result is 0.000008 °C. After multiply-
T90
(1.612), the uncertainty of the RTPW resistance ratio, when applied to 157 °C, is 0.000013 °C.
T90
During measurement of the RTPW, it is observed that the standard error of the mean is 0.0000018 Ω. To
convert this value into temperature, divide by the resistance sensitivity (dR/dT) of the SPRT at 0.01 °C. dR/dT
at 0.01 °C is 0.1 W/°C (see tip below). The result is 0.000018 °C. Multiplying by W
°C.
Tip: Most SPRT calibration reports list the Temperature versus W values of the SPRT in a table.
Typically, the dT/dW value at each temperature will be included in the same table. dR/dT can be
calculated by inverting dT/dW and multiplying by the RTPW of the SPRT. Also, dW/dT can be calculated
by simply inverting dT/dW.
2.2.5.3.6 Uncertainty of the TPW Cell
Uncertainty of the temperature of the triple-point of water cell must also be included. For this example, the
standard uncertainty of the triple-point of water cell is 0.000050 °C. Multiplying by W
0.000081 °C.
Introduction and Specications
Specications
(1.612) yields 0.000029
T90
(1.612) results in
T90
2.2.5.3.7 Reference Resistor Drift
Possible drift of the 25 W reference resistor between the TPW measurement and the 157 °C measurement must
be accounted for. To reduce the possible error, both measurements should be taken in close proximity in time.
For this example, the 24-hour stability specication will be used. This requires that both measurements are
taken within the same 24-hour period. The standard uncertainty due to drift of the reference resistor is 0.125
ppm. This is converted to temperature by dividing 0.125 ppm by 1.0 × 106 and then multiplying by 1.612. The
result is then divided by W
2.2.5.3.8 Combining the Uncertainties
sensitivity (dW/dT) at 157 °C which is 0.0038. The result is 0.000053 °C.
T90
At this point, all of the uncertainties can be combined by root-sum-square (RSS) since they are uncorrelated.
Even though the 1595A resistance ratio accuracy is used twice in the calculation, both measurements are considered uncorrelated.
This RSS sum produces a combined standard uncertainty of 0.000115 °C. Multiplying by the coverage factor
(k = 2) results in a total expanded uncertainty of 0.000230 °C.
In this example, it is assumed the SPRT did not drift between the measurements at the TPW and 157 °C. It
may be necessary to add an additional uncertainty that accounts for SPRT drift.
2.2.5.3.9 Measuring With Calibration Report RTPW
In this example, the SPRT is monitored by periodically measuring its RTPW in a TPW cell but the original
RTPW from the SPRT calibration report is entered in the 1595A, not the measured RTPW. This requires a dif-
ferent set of specications to be used in the measurement uncertainty.
The uncertainty of this measurement is based on four uncorrelated uncertainties. These uncertainties are:
Resistance accuracy of the 1595A when measuring the SPRT at 157 °C
Measurement noise at 157 °C
Uncertainty of the SPRT resistance at the triple-point of water
Drift of the RTPW of the SPRT
2.2.5.3.10 Resistance Accuracy at 157 °C
The resistance of the SPRT at 157 °C is 41.1 Ω. Using the 25 Ω internal reference resistor, the 1595A oneyear resistance standard uncertainty is 2.5 ppm. This uncertainty, in terms of temperature, is calculated by rst
dividing 2.5 ppm by 1.0 × 106 then multiplying by 41.1 Ω. The result is then divided by the sensitivity (dR/dT)
11
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Specications
of the SPRT at 157 °C which is 0.1 Ω/°C (see tip above). This results in a standard temperature uncertainty of
0.001028 °C.
2.2.5.3.11 Measurement Noise at 157 °C
During measurement at 157 °C, the standard error of the mean (as reported by the 1595A) is observed to be
0.00004 °C.
Note: The user must monitor measurement noise and use the actual measured measurement noise in the uncertainty calculations.
2.2.5.3.12 Uncertainty of the Calibration Report RTPW
In this example, the RTPW is not measured and entered into the 1595A. The RTPW from the SPRT calibration
report is entered into the 1595A. The standard (k = 1) uncertainty of the RTPW value listed on the calibration
report must be included. In this example, it is 0.0001 °C. As explained in the previous example, all uncertainties related to RTPW must be multiplied by W
0.000161 °C.
2.2.5.3.13 Drift of the RTPW of the SPRT
Since an SPRT tends to drift, the long-term drift should be included as a source of uncertainty. In this example
the SPRT is allowed to drift 0.002 °C. The assumed distribution of this uncertainty is rectangular. To convert
to a standard uncertainty divide by 1.732 (square root of 3). The result, 0.001155 °C, multiplied by 1.612
yields a standard uncertainty of 0.001861 °C.
of the measured temperature. Multiplying by 1.612 yields
T90
2.2.5.3.14 Combining the Uncertainties
At this point, all of the uncertainties can be combined by root-sum-square (RSS) since they are uncorrelated.
The RSS sum produces a combined standard uncertainty of 0.002133 °C. Multiplying by the coverage factor
(k = 2), and rounding, results in a total expanded uncertainty of 0.0043 °C.
2.2.5.4 Example 2: Calibrating an SPRT
As explained in “How the Super-Thermometer Measures” at the beginning of this section, the calibration of an
SPRT is performed by measuring the resistance at some required xed-point temperature and then at the triple-
point of water. The two measurements are combined by division to get a W
based primarily on the ratio accuracy of the Super-Thermometer.
In this example, an SPRT is calibrated at 419.527 °C (FP of Zinc). The RTPW is measured directly afterward.
The uncertainties resulting from the 1595A in this example are:
Resistance ratio accuracy of the 1595A at 419.527 °C
Measurement noise at 419.527 °C
Resistance ratio accuracy of the 1595A at 0.01°C (triple-point of water)
Measurement noise at 0.01°C
Reference resistor drift
The uncertainties in this example are calculated and combined as described in Example 1. However, there is a
slight difference in the reference resistor drift component.
2.2.5.4.1 Reference Resistor Drift
In Example 1, the 24-hour stability specication of the internal 25 Ω is used. This may not be necessary when
calibrating an SPRT. When calibrating an SPRT typically both measurements of W
imity of time (< 8 hours elapsed time). It is possible for the reference resistor drift to be negligible, especially
if the Super-Thermometer is in a stable temperature environment.
value. The uncertainty of W
T90
are taken in close prox-
T90
T90
is
12
To be sure reference resistor drift is correctly estimated, the user should perform a test to determine actual
reference resistor drift over the elapsed time. One way to perform this test is to measure a very stable external reference resistor over the actual time period using the internal reference resistor. If it is not possible to
measure the reference resistor drift, it may be necessary to use the 24-hour stability specication resulting in a
slightly larger total uncertainty. Another alternative is to use an external reference resistor of very low drift.
2.2.5.4.2 Example 3: Measuring Zero-Power Resistance
The purpose of this example is to demonstrate how the Relative Current specication applies when performing
a zero-power measurement. The zero-power uncertainty calculated in this example would be added to the rest
of the uncertainties involved in the measurement as explained in previous examples. The intention of the zeropower measurement is to remove measurement errors due to self-heating of the SPRT.
In this example a 1595A is used to measure a 25 Ω SPRT at the triple-point of water using the Zero-Power
function. The SPRT is measured at nominal current, 1.0 mA and 1.4142 mA (double-power current). In this
example, the self-heating sensitivity of the SPRT in a triple-point of water cell is 0.0024 °C/mA. This was
found by using the Zero-Power function and reading the SELF-HEATING eld in the Zero-Power results
screen. This value will vary signicantly depending on temperature, measurement medium, and probe
construction.
The uncertainties used to calculate zero-power uncertainty are:
Ratio accuracy of the 1595A
Measurement noise
Relative current accuracy of the 1595A
Reference resistor stability
2.2.5.4.3 Resistance Ratio Accuracy at 0.01 °C
The ratio accuracy at 0.01 °C is based on using the internal 25 Ω resistor to measure a resistance of 25.5 Ω.
The 1595A standard uncertainty of resistance ratio is 0.03 ppm. To convert this value to temperature divide by
1.0 × 106 and multiply by 1.02 (Rx/Rs). The result is then divided by 0.004 (W
°C, see above). The nal result is 0.000008 °C.
Introduction and Specications
Specications
sensitivity, dW/dT, at 0.01
T90
2.2.5.4.4 Measurement Noise
The Zero-Power function reports the standard error of the mean of the zero-power value in the STANDARD
ERROR eld. In this example, the standard error of the mean is 0.0000018 Ω. To convert this value into tem-
perature, divide by the resistance sensitivity (dR/dT) of the SPRT at 0.01 °C. dR/dT at 0.01 °C is 0.1 W/°C (see
tip above). The result is 0.000018 °C.
2.2.5.4.5 Relative Current Accuracy
The relative measurement current specications are listed in Table 7 of the Specications section. The standard uncertainty of the measurement current over the range 1.0 mA to 1.4142 mA is 0.0015 mA. This is
converted to temperature by multiplying by the SPRT self-heating sensitivity at 0.01 °C which is 0.0024 °C/
mA. The result is 0.0000036 °C.
2.2.5.4.6 Reference Resistor Stability
Since the individual measurements of the zero-power measurement are taken in close proximity in time, the
drift of the reference resistor is considered negligible.
2.2.5.4.7 Combining the Uncertainties
The uncertainties of the zero-power measurement are combined by RSS with the rest of the uncertainties
involved in the measurement. See the previous examples for the other uncertainties.
2.2.5.5 Example 4: Measuring a 100 Ω PRT
In this example the temperature of a typical 100 Ω PRT is measured at 420 °C with a 1595A. The uncertainties
in the measurement associated with the 1595A are as follows:
Resistance accuracy of the 1595A
Measurement noise at 420 °C
2.2.5.5.1 Resistance Accuracy at 420 °C
First, calculate the 1595A absolute resistance accuracy at 257 Ω (the resistance of the 100 Ω PRT at 420 °C).
The one-year absolute resistance standard uncertainty (k = 1) of the 1594A, using the internal 100 Ω resistor,
is 2.0 ppm. To convert this to an uncertainty in temperature, multiply 2.0 ppm by 1.0 × 106 then multiply by
13
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Specications
257 Ω. Divide the result by the sensitivity of the PRT (dR/dT) at 420 °C. This can be found in the PRT calibra-
tion report. For this example, 0.4 Ω/°C is used. The resulting uncertainty is 0.0013°C.
2.2.5.5.2 Measurement Noise at 420 °C
The noise of the measurement at 420 °C is observed using the Standard Error of the Mean statistic eld of the
1595A. In this example it is 0.00003 °C.
2.2.5.5.3 Combining the Uncertainties
To calculate the entire uncertainty of the measurement, the standard uncertainties from the 1595A should be
combined with the (k = 1) PRT calibration uncertainty at 420 °C. The standard uncertainties are combined by
RSS and then multiplied by the required coverage factor.
2.2.5.6 Example 5: Measuring a 10 kΩ Thermistor
In this example, a 1595A is used to measure a 10 kΩ thermistor probe at 0 °C. The 1595A accuracy, when
measuring the thermistor probe is based on the following:
Resistance accuracy of the 1595A
Measurement noise
2.2.5.6.1 Resistance Accuracy
First, calculate the 1595A absolute resistance accuracy at 26839.94 (the resistance of the 10-k Ω thermistor
probe at 0 °C) when using the 10 k Ω internal reference resistor. The one-year absolute resistance accuracy
is 4 ppm of reading (k = 1). This is converted to temperature by dividing 4 ppm by 1.0 × 106 and multiplying
by 26839.94 Ω. The result is then divided by dR/dt of the thermistor probe at 0 °C which, in this example, is
1244.9 Ω/°C. The nal result is 0.000085 °C.
2.2.5.6.2 Measurement Noise
Measurement noise is best observed by using the Standard Error of the Mean statistics eld of the Super-Thermometer. In this example, the standard error of the mean is 0.000004 °C.
2.2.5.6.3 Combining the Uncertainties
If the thermistor probe is being measured in temperature mode with calibration coefcients, the standard
uncertainty of the calibration (listed on the calibration report) would be combined by RSS with the resistance
accuracy and measurement noise uncertainties.
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Preparation for Operation
Line Voltage and Fuses
3 Preparation for Operation
3.1 Unpacking and Inspection
The Super-Thermometer is shipped in a container designed to prevent damage during shipping. Inspect the
contents of the container for damage and immediately report any damage to the shipping company. Instruc-
tions for inspection are included in the shipping container.
Table 9 Optional Accessories
Item Model or part number
Rack Mount Kit 1594-RMKT
2590 Scanner 2590
Case 1594-CASE
Carry-handle Kit 1594-HNDL
Extended range test report 1994 (1594A), 1995 (1595A)
3.2 Instruction Manuals
The Super-Thermometer instruction manual set is shipped on DVD. The set includes:
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer User’s Guide
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer Technical Guide
The 1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer User’s Guide contains instructions for unpacking and setting up the
instrument. Specications and an overview of Super-Thermometer operation are also included. The User’s
Guide is available in the following languages: English, Chinese, Spanish, Japanese, German, French, and
Russian.
The 1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer Technical Guide contains complete information for setting up and
operating the Super-Thermometer. It also includes instructions for remote operation, calibration and maintenance. The Technical Guide is available in English only.
For ordering a replacement instruction manual DVD contact your local Fluke representative or service center.
All manuals are available online for download in PDF format.
3.3 Line Voltage and Fuses
CAUTION: To prevent possible damage to the instrument, verify the correct fuse is installed for the
selected line voltage setting.
The correct line power fuse and line voltage range was installed at the factory per the conguration that was
ordered. However, it is important to verify the correct fuse value and line voltage setting. The fuse is accessible on the rear panel in the PEM (Power Entry Module). The line voltage setting is shown in the PEM window
(see Figure 1 on page 16) and see Section 2.2, Specications, on page 5 for the fuse rating.
To check or replace the fuse and to verify or change the line voltage setting, refer to Figure 1 on page 16
and proceed as follows:
15
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Connecting to Line Power
1. Disconnect line power.
2. Observe what line voltage setting is displayed in the PEM window. If it is correct, the fuse assembly
will be re-inserted in the same orientation it is removed. Otherwise, it will need to be rotated 180°
before re-insertion.
3. Open the fuse compartment by inserting a screwdriver blade in the slot located at the top of the fuse
compartment and open the PEM door.
4. Use the screwdriver blade to pry out the fuse block by inserting the blade in the slot located at the top of
the fuse block.
5. Remove the fuses from the assembly for replacement or verification. Be sure the correct fuses are
installed.
6. Reinstall the fuse assembly by pushing it back into the PEM while ensuring that the correct line voltage
label is shown in the PEM window. Close the PEM door so it locks in place.
Figure 1 PEM (Power Entry Module)
3.4 Connecting to Line Power
WARNING: To avoid electrical shock, connect the factory supplied three-prong line power cord to a
properly grounded power outlet. Do not use a two-prong adapter or extension cord that will break the
ground connection.
After the line voltage setting and correct fuse are veried, connect the instrument to a properly grounded
three-prong outlet using the provided line voltage cord.
3.5 Placement and Rack Mounting
In general, place the Super-Thermometer in an area free of drafts and excessive electrical noise. Refer to the
specications for environmental requirements.
The Super-Thermometer is designed to be used on a bench-top or installed in a standard width rack with the
optional rack mount kit. For bench-top use it is equipped with hinged, non-slip feet. For rack mount instructions, refer to the rack mount kit instruction manual.
16
Front and Rear Panel Features
Front Panel Features
4 Front and Rear Panel Features
4.1 Introduction
The Super-Thermometer has been designed with several features that help make setup and operation as simple
as possible while still providing many measurement capabilities. This section describes the front and rear
panel features as well as the menu system. Please read this section before operating the instrument.
4.2 Front Panel Features
Figure 2 Front view
4.2.1 Measurement Inputs
4.2.2 USB Connection
Four measurement inputs, channels 1 through 4, are located on the front panel. Some key points concerning
the measurement inputs are:
Current (C1, C2), Potential (P1, P2), and Guard (G) terminals are labeled to facilitate correct connection
(Figure 16 on page 58).
Channels 2 and 4 can also be used as reference resistor (Rs) inputs.
The USB port on the front panel allows a formatted USB memory device to be connected to the Super-Thermometer for saving measurements and settings. The memory device must be Linux compatible and formatted
with the FAT32 le system.
Important: When inserting a USB memory device into the front panel USB port, wait for about 10
seconds to allow the system to recognize the memory device before attempting to write to or read from it.
17
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Front Panel Features
4.2.3 Front Panel Keys
Table 10 Front panel key descriptions
The Power Standby key turns off the display and disables the front panel keys,
sending the system into standby. Power remains applied to some internal
components such as the resistor oven.
When the system is brought out of standby by pressing the Power Standby Key, it
is not necessary to wait the 30-minute warm-up period.
The numeric keys consist of the digits 0 through 9, sign (+/-), and decimal point
(.). These keys are used for entering numeric values.
The arrow keys are used to move the cursor on the display and to navigate lists
The SETUP key is used to directly access the Channel Setup menu for quick
and easy measurement conguration.
The DELETE key is used to delete alpha-numeric characters
The EXP key is used when entering an exponential number for example: 1.0
E-04
The ENTER key is used to save a change or to select an item. When an item is
changed, ENTER must be pressed otherwise the item reverts to its original value
upon exiting.
The MENU key is used to go directly to the Main Menu screen.
The EXIT key is used to exit from a menu or setting. Pressing EXIT will leave an
edit without saving the changes. When entering a number, if EXIT is pressed and
held, the entire number is deleted and the cursor is moved to the leftmost place
in the number eld.
The Function Keys are located below the display and are used to execute the
function displayed directly above them. Function keys are used to select menu
options and in certain cases they are used to toggle a setting shown on the
display.
Pressing any of the four Channel Select Keys will automatically activate the
selected channel and illuminate the Channel Select Key in green. If a channel is
in standby mode, the Channel Select Key is illuminated in amber. If a channel is
inactive,the Channel Select Key is clear.
18
4.2.3.1 Front Panel Display
The Front Panel Display is shown in Figure 3. The display screen is used to show all measurements, menus
and conguration information.
Front and Rear Panel Features
Front Panel Features
Figure 3 Front Panel Display
The default display language is English. The display can be shown in the following language options: English,
Chinese, Spanish, Japanese, German, French, and Russian.
The display language can be changed in the User Settings screen. The User settings screen is displayed, in
English (regardless of language setting), when using a shortcut key sequence that is entered from the Measure-
ment screen. In the Measurement screen (press and hold the EXIT key to return to the Measurement screen),
press and release the ENTER key and then press the SETUP key. Use the Up/Down arrow keys to select the
LANGUAGE conguration eld and then use the Left/Right arrow keys to choose the intended language.
Pressing the ENTER key saves the new selection.
For all other display conguration settings, see Section 5.7.4, DISPLAY MENU (F4), on page 46.
19
1594A/1595A Super-Thermometer
Rear Panel Features
4.3 Rear Panel Features
Figure 4 Rear view
4.3.3.1 External Resistor Inputs
20
Figure 5 External Resistor Inputs
The Rs1 and Rs2 external reference resistor connections are located on the rear panel. The Current (C1, C2),
Potential (P1, P2) and Guard (G) terminals are labeled to facilitate proper connection (see Figure 16 on page
58).
4.3.1 Scanner Connection
The 2590 Scanner connection is a 15-pin socket located on the back panel. It is used to control an optional
scanner. Refer to the scanner manual for connection and setup instructions.
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