Epson EQUITY 386SX-16 PLUS User Manual

FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT FOR AMERICAN USERS

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy
and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause interference to radio and television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

l

Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna

l

Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver

l

Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which
the receiver is connected

l

Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

WARNING

The connection of a non-shielded equipment interface cable to this equipment will
invalidate the FCC Certification of this device and may cause interference levels
which exceed the limits established by the FCC for this equipment. It is the
responsibility of the user to obtain and use a shielded equipment interface cable
with this device. If this equipment has more than one interface connector, do not
leave cables connected to unused interfaces.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void
the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

FOR CANADIAN USERS

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions
from digital apparatus as set out in the radio interference regulations of the
Canadian Department of Communications.

Le present appareil
limites applicables aux appareils

reglement

sur le brouillage

numerlque

n’emet pas de bruits radioelectriques

radioelectrique &licte

numitriques

de Classe B prescrites dans le

depassant

par le

MinistGre

des

les

Communications du Canada

®

EPSON

EQUITY® 386SX/16 PLUS

User’s Guide

IMPORTANT NOTICE

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY

Epson America makes no representations or warranties, either express or implied,

by or with respect to anything in this manual, and shall not be liable for any

implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose or for
any indirect, special, or consequential damages. Some states do not allow the
exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply
to you.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of Epson America, Inc. No patent liability is assumed with respect to
the use of information contained herein. While every precaution has been taken in
the preparation of this publication, Epson America assumes no responsibility for
errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use
of the information contained herein. Further, this publication and features
described herein are subject to change without notice.

TRADEMARKS

Epson is a registered trademark of Seiko Epson Corporation.
Equity is a registered trademark of Epson America, Inc.

General notice: Other product names used herein are for identification purposes

only and may be trademarks of their respective companies.

Copyright 0 1991 by Epson America, Inc.
Torrance, California

ii

Y705991013

Important Safety Instructions

Read all of these instructions and save them for later reference.

1.
Follow all warnings and instructions marked on the product.

2.
Unplug this product from the wall outlet before cleaning. Use

3.
a damp cloth for cleaning, not liquid cleaners or aerosol
cleaners.

Do not use this product near water.

4.
Do not place this product on an unstable cart, stand, or table.

5.

Slots and openings in the cabinet and the back or bottom are

6.

provided for ventilation; these openings must not be blocked
or covered. This product should never be placed near or over a
radiator or heat register.

This product should be operated from the type of power

7.
source indicated on the marking label. If you are not sure of
the type of power available, consult your dealer or local power
company.

Connect all equipment to properly grounded (earthed) power

8.
outlets. If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet,
contact your electrician to replace your obsolete outlet. Avoid
using outlets on the same circuit as photocopiers or air control
systems that regularly switch on and off.

Do not locate this product where the cord will be walked on.

9.

10. If an extension cord is used with this product, make sure that
the total of the ampere ratings on the products plugged into
the extension cord do not exceed the extension cord ampere
rating. Also, make sure that the total of all products plugged
into the wall outlet does not exceed 15 amperes.

11. Never push objects of any kind into this product through the

cabinet slots. Never spill liquid of any kind on the product.

12. Except as specifically explained in the User’s Guide, do not

attempt to service this product yourself. Refer all servicing to
qualified service personnel.

iii

13. Unplug this product from the wall outlet and refer servicing to
qualified service personnel under the following conditions:

A.

When the power cord or plug is damaged.

B.

If liquid has entered the product.

C.

If the product does not operate normally when the
operating instructions are followed. Adjust only those
controls that are covered by the operating instructions,
since improper adjustment of other controls may result in
damage and will often require extensive work by a
qualified technician to restore the product to normal
operation.

D.

If the product has been dropped or the cabinet has been
damaged.

E.

If the product exhibits a distinct change in performance.

iv

Contents

Introduction

Optional Equipment
Operating Systems and Other Software
VGA Utilities

.....................................

How to Use This Manual.
Where to Get Help.

Chapter 1

1 Choosing a Location
2 Removing the Protector Card

3 Connecting a Monitor

Using the VGA Interface.
Using a Display Adapter Card.

4 Connecting a Printer or Other Device

Using the Parallel Interface.

Using the Serial Interface
5 Connecting the Keyboard
6 Connecting the Mouse
7 Connecting the Power Cord
8 Turning On the Computer

Turning Off the Computer

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Setting Up Your System

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1

2
3
3
4

1-1

1-3
1-4
1-4
1-7
1-8
1-8
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-15
1-16
1-18

Chapter 2

Starting the SETUP Program

Selecting Options
Setting the Date and Time.
Setting the Diskette Drive(s)
Setting the Hard Disk Drive(s).

Hard Disk Drive Types

Running the SETUP Program

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2-2
2-3
2-3

2-4

2-5

2-5

Vii

Setting the Primary Display Type
Setting the Keyboard Test Function
Setting the Shadow RAM.

...........................

Setting the CPU Clock Speed
EMS Size

Setting the Password

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.....................

...................

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Changing or Deleting a Password.

Setting the Built-in Interfaces

Setting the Parallel Interface.
Setting the Serial Interface

........................

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Setting the Disk Drive Controllers

Saving Your Settings

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2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11

2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-15
2-16
2-16

2-17

Chapter 3

Installing MS-DOS or Another Operating System

Special Keys on the Keyboard
Stopping a Command or Program
Resetting the Computer
Using a Password.
Using Disks and Disk Drives

How Disks Store Data
Types of Diskette Drives

Caring for Diskettes and Diskette Drives
Write-protecting Diskettes
Using a Single Diskette Drive System
Inserting and Removing Diskettes
Formatting Diskettes.

Making Backup Copies

Using a Hard Disk Drive

Using Your Computer

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3-1

3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-6
3-8
3-10
3-12
3-14
3-15
3-17
3-17

3-18

Viii

Chapter 4

Enhancing System Operations

Using AUTOEXEC.BAT and Other Batch Files
Changing the Processor Speed

Entering Keyboard Commands.
Using the ESPEED Program.

Using Expanded Memory Beyond 640KB.

Modifying the CONFIG.SYS File.

Using the VGA Utilities.

Chapter 5

Removing the Cover
Changing the Jumper Settings

Setting the Jumpers.
Replacing the Battery
Installing an Option Card
Removing an Option Card
Removing the Subassembly.
Adding Memory Modules

Installing Memory Modules

Removing Memory Modules.
Installing a Math Coprocessor
Removing a Math Coprocessor
Replacing the Subassembly
Replacing the Cover
Post-installation Setup for Memory Cards
Post-installation Setup.

Installing and Removing Options

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4-1

4-2
4-4
4-5
4-7
4-8
4-11

5-2

5-5
5-6
5-8
5-12
5-16
5-17
5-21
5-22
5-25
5-28
5-31
5-32
5-40
5-41
5-42

ix

Appendix A

Specifications

CPU and Memory
Controllers.
Interfaces

........................................

Power Supply
Mass Storage

Keyboard

........................................

Environmental Requirements
Physical Characteristics.
System Memory Map.

Appendix B

Using the Correct Drive Bay
How to Use This Appendix
Setting the Hard Disk Drive Jumpers

Setting the Jumpers for Two Hard Disk Drives.
Changing the Jumper Settings

Installing a Hard Disk in the Vertical Position

Removing the Mounting Frames From the Drive.
Removing and Attaching the Mounting Plate
Installing the Drive.
Connecting the Hard Disk Drive Cables.

Removing a Hard Disk From the Vertical Position.

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Installing and Removing Disk Drives

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..................

......

...................

...........

....

.......

...........................

...........

.......

Installing or Removing a Disk Drive in the

Horizontal Position.
Removing the Subassembly
Installing a Disk Drive in the Horizontal Position
Replacing the Drive on the Subassembly

.........................

.....................

....

...........

Removing a Disk Drive From the Horizontal Position.
Replacing the Subassembly.

.....................

A-1
A-2
A-2
A-3
A-3
A-4

A-4
A-4
A-5

B-2

B-3
B-4
B-4
B-5
B-7
B-8
B-10
B-12
B-18
B-24

B-27
B-28
B-33
B-41
B-43
B-46

x

Appendix C

Performing System Diagnostics

Starting the Diagnostics Program

The Main Menu Screen

Setting the Run Time Parameters

Error Logging.

Selecting Diagnostic Tests

Selecting Multiple Tests

Running the Tests

Memory Diagnostics

Hard Disk Diagnostics

Hard Disk Parameters
Hard Disk Format
Media Analysis
Performance Test.

Seek Test
Read/Verify Test

Check Test Cylinder

Force Bad Tracks

Hard Disk Error Messages

Floppy Disk Diagnostics

Performing the Tests
Floppy Disk Error Messages.

Miscellaneous Diagnostics.

Printer Adapter Test
Communication Adapter Test.

Exiting System Diagnostics

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C-2
C-2

C-4
C-6
C-8
C-8
C-10

C-12
C-12
C-13
C-16
C-17
C-18

C-18
C-18
C-19
C-19
C-19
C-20

C-21
C-22
C-23
C-23
C-24
C-25

xi

Appendix D

Troubleshooting

Identifying Your System
Error Messages

....................................

The Computer Won’t Start
The Computer Does Not Respond
Password Problems

............................

..........................

....................

................................

Accessing Your Current Password.
Keyboard Problems
Monitor Problems
Diskette Problems
Diskette Drive Problems
Hard Disk Problems.

Installing the Drive

Preparing the Drive.

Accessing Data on the Drive.

Software Problems
Printer Problems
Option Card Problems.
Mouse Problems
Memory Module Problems
Battery Problems
Math Coprocessor Problems

Glossary

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D-1
D-2
D-3
D-4
D-5
D-6
D-7

D-8
D-9
D-11
D-12
D-13
D-14
D-14
D-15
D-16
D-17
D-18
D-19
D-19
D-20

Index

Xii

Introduction

The Epson® Equity® 386SX/16 PLUS is a high-performance
personal computer which offers exceptional speed and

convenience in a compact design.
Your 16 MHz, 80386SX system includes 2MB of internal

memory, a built-in VGA (video graphics array) display
adapter, built-in parallel and serial interfaces, and an IBM@
PS/2™ compatible mouse port. These interfaces allow you to

connect most of your peripheral devices directly to the

computer, so you do not have to install option cards.
The Equity 386SX/16 PLUS also provides four option slots

(three 16-bit and one 8-bit) in which you can install
additional devices, such as a modem or a network card.

Your computer can support up to three internal drives: either

two diskette drives and one hard disk drive, or one diskette
drive and two hard disk drives.

Additionally, your system offers shadow RAM to speed up
processing by moving the ROM BIOS and the video ROM
into the RAM area of memory. This allows the computer to

access and display information faster.

Optional Equipment

You can easily upgrade your computer by installing
additional memory and adding just about any optional
device that is compatible with the IBM Personal Computer,
PC XT,™ or PC AT.™

By adding memory modules to the main system board, you
can expand the computer’s memory up to 24MB. The first

16MB can be used as either extended or expanded memory;

any memory above 16MB can be used only as expanded.

Introduction 1

You may want to install an 80387SX, 16 MHz math
coprocessor in your computer to speed up mathematical
calculations in certain application programs.

Check with your authorized Epson dealer for information on
optional equipment.

Operating Systems and Other Software

You probably have a version of MS-DOS® to use with your

computer. However, you can run any operating system
compatible with MS-DOS, OS/2, UNIX® or XENIX®. If you use
another operating system, refer to the documentation that
came with it to install and run it on your computer.

You can use virtually any application program designed for
the IBM PC, PC XT, PC AT, or compatible computers on your
Equity 386SX/16 PLUS.

VGA Utilities

Epson has included special VGA device drivers and utilities
that you can use with your built-in VGA adapter. With these

utilities, you can take advantage of extended VGA features
such as 16-color graphics mode resolutions up to 800 x 600
and 132-column text mode. The VGA device drivers and
utilities are described in the VGA Utilities booklet that came
with your system.

2 Introduction

How to Use This Manual

This manual explains how to set up and operate your

computer, install options, and run diagnostic checks.
Although the illustrations show a computer with a
diskette drive, instructions for using a
included.

3%inch

Note
This manual covers basic operating instructions for using
your computer but does not explain how

to use MS-DOS
See your MS-DOS manual
on installing and using the

You do not need to read everything in this book; see the
following chapter summaries.

Chapter 1 provides simple step-by-step instructions for
setting up your system. On the back cover foldout are
illustrations identifying the different parts of your computer;
refer to these as you set up your system.

Chapter 2 describes how to run the SETUP program to define
your computer’s configuration. Do this before you use your
computer. You may need to do it again later, if you change
the configuration.

5Mnch

drive are

e instructions

Chapter 3 provides instructions for important operating
procedures, such as using and caring for disks and disk drives.

Chapter 4 describes specialized features you can use to
enhance your system’s performance.

Chapter 5 describes some of the options you can use in your
computer and contains instructions for removing the cover,
setting jumpers, replacing the battery, and installing options.

Appendix A gives the technical specifications for the

computer.

Appendix B describes how to install and remove disk drives.

Introduction 3

Appendix C outlines the system diagnostic tests you can run
to diagnose hardware problems.

Appendix D contains troubleshooting tips.
At the end of the manual, you’ll find a glossary and an index.

Where to Get Help

If you purchased your Epson product in the United States,
Epson America provides local customer support and service
through a nationwide network of authorized Epson dealers
and Service Centers.

Epson also provides the following support services through
the Epson Consumer Resource Center at [phone]:

Q

Assistance in locating your nearest Authorized Epson
Reseller or Service Center

Q

Technical assistance with the installation, configuration,

and operation of Epson products

CI
0

D

Cc

4

Introduction

Epson technical information library fax service

Product literature with technical specifications on our

current and new products

Sales of ribbons, supplies, parts, documentation, and

accessories for your Epson product

Customer Relations.

Chapter 1

Setting Up Your System

Setting up your Equity 386SX/16 PLUS personal computer is

easy. Just follow the eight steps in this chapter. As you set up
your system, you may want to leave this manual’s back cover
foldout open so you can refer to the illustrations identifying
the different parts.

Note

The illustrations in this manual show the computer with a

5¼-inch diskette drive. If your system has a
diskette drive instead, and you need instructions for using

it, see Chapter 3.

3½-inch

Choosing a Location

1

Setting Up Your System

1-1

Before you set up your computer, it’s important to choose a
safe, convenient location that provides the following:

A sturdy desk or table strong enough to support the
weight of your system and all of its components.

A flat, hard surface. Soft surfaces like beds and carpeted
floors attract static electricity, which can erase data on

your disks, damage the computer’s circuitry, and prevent

proper ventilation.
Good air circulation. Leave several inches of space around

the computer so air can move freely.

Moderate environmental conditions. Select a cool, dry

area and protect your computer from extremes in
temperature, humidity, dust, and smoke. Avoid direct
sunlight or any other source of heat.

Appropriate power sources. To prevent static charges,
connect all your equipment to three-hole, 120-volt

grounded outlets. You need one outlet for the computer,

one for the monitor, and additional outlets for a printer
and any other peripheral devices.

No electromagnetic interference. Do not place your
system too close to any electrical device, such as a
telephone, which generates an electromagnetic field.

1-2

Setting Up Your System

2

Removing the Protector Card

If you have a
in the diskette slot. This card is inserted at the factory to
protect the read/write heads in the drive. To remove it, flip
the latch up to pop the card out part way, as shown below;
then pull it out.

(If you have a second 5 X-inch diskette drive, be sure to

remove the protector card from it.)

5%inch

diskette drive, there is a protector card

Save the protector card. If you transport your computer, you
may want to insert the card into your diskette drive prior to
shipping. This will protect the read/write heads during the

shipping process.

Setting Up Your System

1-3

Connecting a Monitor

3

The way you connect your monitor to the computer depends
on the type of monitor you have. If you have a VGA monitor

(or a multi-frequency monitor with an analog connector),

you can connect it to the computer’s built-in VGA port. See

“Using the VGA Interface” below. If you have any other type

of monitor, see “Using a Display Adapter Card” on page 1-7.

Using the VGA Interface

Follow these steps to connect your VGA monitor to the VGA

port on the computer:

1.

Make sure your monitor is turned off.

2.

Place your monitor on top of or near the computer. For
easy access, turn the monitor and computer around so
the backs of both components are facing you.

3.

If necessary, connect the monitor cable to the monitor.

(Your monitor may have a permanently attached cable.)

1-4

Setting Up Your System

4.

Examine the connector end of the monitor cable, and
position the plug to match the orientation of the
monitor port (marked with a monitor icon). Then insert
the plug into the port, as shown below.

I

Ii

i

II

retaining screws

Caution

To avoid

damaging the connector, take care not to

bend the pins when inserting the plug.

5.

If the connector has retaining screws, be sure to tighten
them.

Setting Up Your System

1-5

6.

Plug the monitor power cord into the monitor’s power
inlet, as shown below.

7.

Plug the other end of the power cord into an electrical

outlet.

1-6

Setting Up Your System

Using a Display Adapter Card

If you are using a non-VGA monitor, you’ll need to install a

display adapter (video) card in one of the computer’s option

slots before you can connect the monitor. (Your dealer may

have already installed the video card for you.)

If the video card has not yet been installed, you’ll need to

follow the instructions in Chapter 5 to install an option card.

But first, check the following table to make sure your display

adapter card and monitor are properly matched.

Monitor/video card compatibility

Monitor

I- ~~~~

Monochrome

Color or EGA

* EGA cards support only EGA monitors.

Video card

I

Monochrome display adapter (MDA)

Multi-mode graphics adapter (MCA)
Enhanced graphics adapter (EGA)
Hercules® graphics card

Color graphics adapter (CGA)

Multi-mode graphics adapter (MGA)
Enhanced graphics adapter (EGA)*

When you are installing the video card, check to make sure
any switches or jumpers on the card are set properly. For
example, you may need to change a switch setting to select
color or monochrome. See the documentation that came
with your monitor or video card for instructions.

Note

If you install a display adapter card, you must set jumper

J1 on the main system board to disable the built-in VGA

interface so that your card can operate as the primary
display adapter. You may also need to set jumper J3 to
indicate whether a color or monochrome monitor is
installed. See Chapter 5 for instructions on changing
jumper settings.

Setting Up Your System

1-7

Once you have installed your video card, return to this
section to connect your monitor to the computer. If your
monitor came with its own manual, follow the instructions
there. Otherwise, you can follow the steps in “Using the VGA
Interface” above; just insert your monitor connector into the
video card port instead of the built-in VGA port.

4

Connecting a Printer or Other Device

Your computer has both parallel and serial interfaces. To

connect a printer or other peripheral device to one of these
interfaces, follow the instructions below.

Using the Parallel Interface

The parallel interface on your computer is Centronics®

compatible and uses a DB-25S connector.

To connect your printer and computer, you need an IBM

compatible printer cable. If you are not sure which cable you
need, check with your Epson dealer.

Once you have the right printer cable, follow these steps:

1.

Place the printer next to the computer with their backs

facing you.

1-8

Setting Up Your System

2.

One end of the printer cable has a 25-pin, D-shell
connector. Position the plug to match the orientation of
the parallel interface (marked with a special icon shown
in the illustration below). Then plug the connector into
the port, as shown below. If the plug has retaining
screws, tighten them by hand or with a screwdriver,
depending on the screw type.

retaining screws

Setting Up Your System

1-9

3.

Connect the other end of the cable to the printer as
shown below. To secure the cable, squeeze the clips at
each side of the printer port and push them into place,

4.

Plug the printer’s power cord into a three-hole, 120-volt,
grounded electrical outlet.

1-10

Setting Up Your System

Using the Serial Interface

If you have a printer, a modem, or other peripheral device

with a serial interface, you can connect it to the serial

(RS-232C) port on the back of the computer.

The serial port uses a DB-9P connector, so be sure you have a

compatible cable. To connect a serial device, follow the same
steps as above for connecting a parallel device but insert the
connector into the serial port, marked with a special icon, as
shown below.

r

Note

You need to ensure that the serial port is set up so it
functions properly. If you are using the port for a serial
printer, you need to redirect printer output to the serial
port instead of the parallel port. To do this, you can use
the MS-DOS MODE or SETMODE command. See your
MS-DOS Reference Manual for instructions.

Setting Up Your System

1-11

Connecting the Keyboard

Follow these steps to connect the keyboard:

1.

Hold the keyboard cable connector so the indicator on
the housing faces up. Insert the plug into the appropriate
socket, marked with a keyboard icon, as shown below.

1-12

keyboard connector

Caution

Although the keyboard and mouse connectors are
physically identical, they cannot be used
interchangeably. Be sure to insert the keyboard plug
into the keyboard socket.

Setting Up Your System

2.

You can raise the keyboard by adjusting the legs on the
bottom. To change the angle of the keyboard, turn it over
and flip each leg upward until it locks into place, as
shown below.

Connecting the Mouse

6

Your computer has an auxiliary port for an IBM PS/2
compatible mouse that uses a miniature DIN (6-pin)
connector.

If your mouse has this type of connector, you can connect it
to the built-in port on your computer. If you have a mouse
that requires a different interface port, you can connect it to
the built-in serial port or install an option card to provide the
interface.

To connect a mouse to the built-in mouse port, hold the
mouse plug so it is oriented properly with the computer

socket. Insert the plug into the appropriate socket, marked

with a mouse icon, as shown in the following illustration.

Setting Up Your System

1-13

-

caution

mouse connector

,.

Although the mouse and keyboard connectors are
physically identical, they cannot be used interchangeably.
Be sure to insert the mouse plug into the mouse port.

Once you have connected a mouse, you may need to add

commands to your MS-DOS CONFIG.SYS file to enable your
computer to use a mouse. See your MS-DOS Reference

Manual and the manual that came with your mouse for

instructions.

Note

If you want to use a mouse or other pointing device
connected to a port on an option card in your computer,
you can disable the built-in mouse connector by changing
the setting of jumper J4. See Chapter 5 for instructions.

1-14

Setting Up Your System

Connecting the Power Cord

7

Follow these steps to connect the power cord:

Plug the power cord into the AC power inlet on the back

1.
panel, as shown below.

WARNING

To avoid an electric shock, be sure to plug the cord
into the computer before plugging it into the wall
socket.

Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole,

2.
120-volt, grounded electrical outlet.

Setting Up Your System

1-15

Turning On the Computer

8

After you set up your system, you’re ready to turn on the
power. But first, read the following safety rules to avoid
accidentally damaging your computer or injuring yourself:

Do not connect or disconnect any cables when the
computer’s power is on.

Never turn on the computer with a protector card in the
diskette drive.

Never turn off or reset your computer while a disk drive
light is on. This can destroy data stored on the disk.

Always wait at least five seconds after you turn off the
power before you turn it on again. This allows the

computer to clear and reset its memory.

Do not leave a beverage near your system or any of its
components. Spilled liquid can damage the circuitry of

your equipment.

Always turn off the power, disconnect the computer’s
power cord, and wait 30 seconds before you remove the
cover. Only remove the cover to access internal devices,
add memory, change jumper settings, or replace the
battery.

Follow these steps to turn on your system:

1.

Make sure the power cord is plugged into the AC power
inlet on the back panel of the computer and into a
three-hole, 120-volt, grounded electrical outlet.

2.

Turn your computer around so the front panel faces you

and place your other system components in an
arrangement that suits you. (See step 1, “Choosing a
Location,” for a typical arrangement.)

3.

Turn on the monitor, printer, and any other peripheral

devices connected to the computer.

1-16

Setting Up Your System

4.

To turn on the computer, press the power button located
on the right side of the front panel, as shown below.

power button

The power indicator next to the button lights up. After a few
seconds, the computer counts the amount of memory in
your computer, and then performs a diagnostic self test. This
is a series of checks the computer completes each time you
turn it on to make sure everything is working correctly.

If necessary, use the controls on your monitor to adjust the
brightness and contrast until characters on the screen are
clear and at a comfortable level of intensity. If your monitor
has horizontal and vertical hold controls, you may need to
use them to stabilize the display.

Note

If you or your dealer have made a major change to your

system, such as

a few minutes

adding a disk drive,

you may

need

to wait

for your computer to complete power-on

diagnostics the first time you turn it on.

Setting Up Your System

1-17

When the system has successfully completed its self test, you
see the following prompt:

Press <Del> to start SETUP

Do not press any key yet. If MS-DOS has already been
installed on your system, you’ll see a prompt to enter the

date. (For information about loading the operating system,
see your MS-DOS Installation Guide or Reference Manual.)

If there is no operating system on your computer, you see an
error message. Ignore the message for now. Follow the
instructions below to turn off the computer and then go on
to Chapter 2 for instructions on running the SETUP program.

Turning Off the Computer

When you are ready to turn off your system, reverse the
sequence of steps you followed to turn it on. Turn off the
computer first, then turn off the monitor and any peripheral
devices.

Now go on to Chapter 2 and follow the instructions to run
the SETUP program.

1-18

Setting Up Your System

Chapter 2

Running the SETUP Program

When you use your computer for the first time, you need to
run the SETUP program to define how your system is set up.
This is a simple procedure which you must do at least once.
You may need to run it again later if you change some part of
your configuration.

The SETUP program is stored in the computer’s read-only

memory (ROM), so you can run the program any time you

turn on or reset your computer. You do not need to insert a

diskette or access the hard disk.
SETUP lets you verify or change the following:

Current date and time
Type of diskette drives(s) installed
Type of hard disk drive(s) installed
Type of video display adapter you are using
Keyboard testing function
Shadow RAM function
CPU clock speed
EMS size
Password feature
Built-in interface settings.

Running the Setup Program

2-1

The configuration you define through SETUP is stored in a

special area of memory called CMOS RAM. This memory is

backed up by a battery, so it will not be erased when you

turn off or reset the computer. Whenever you reboot the
computer, it checks the settings, and if it discovers a
difference between the information in the CMOS RAM and
your system’s configuration, it prompts you to run SETUP.
You see a message such as the following:

CMOS memory size mismatch
RUN SETUP UTILITY
Press <F1> to RESUME

Press F1 to run SETUP and correct the setting.

Starting the SETUP Program

To start the SETUP program, make sure there is no diskette
in the diskette drive; then turn on your computer. (If the
computer is already on, press the
panel to reset it.)

After the computer completes its self test, you see the
following prompt:

RESET

button on the front

Press <Del> to start SETUP

As soon as you see this message, press the Del key. If you do
not press Del within five seconds, the computer starts loading
the operating system and you will not be able to run SETUP.

If this happens, reset the computer and try again.

You see the following options:

Start operating system

Run SETUP

The first option is highlighted. Press L to highlight Run

SETUP,

and then press Enter. The SETUP menu appears on

the screen.

2-2

Running the Setup Program

The menu automatically displays the base memory size, the
extended memory size, and whether a math coprocessor

(numeric processor) is installed. Additionally, the SETUP

menu lists the parameters you can change.

Selecting Options

A solid cursor bar highlights the parameter currently selected.
You can scroll through the parameters using the four arrow
keys

(t,-+, 1‘, 4).

change, press Page Up or Page Down to display and select
the available options.

An information window appears at the bottom of the menu;
it describes the options available or any other keys to press to
change the highlighted configuration parameter.

The rest of this chapter describes how to choose the correct
SETUP parameters for your system.

When you reach a parameter you want to

Setting the Date and Time

The real-time clock in your computer continously tracks the
date and time-even when the computer is turned off. Once
you set the date and time using SETUP, you should not need
to change either parameter, except to adjust the time for

daylight savings, if necessary. (The computer automatically

changes the date for leap years.)
The current month is highlighted and a calendar on the right

side of the screen shows all the days for the month. The
current day is flashing. Press Page Up or Page Down to select

the correct month, day, and year.
To change the time, move the cursor to the next line and

press Page Up or Page Down to enter the correct hour and
minutes according to a 24-hour clock. For example, 5 p.m.
would be hour 17. You cannot set the number of seconds.

Running the Setup Program

2-3

Setting the Diskette Drive(s)

Your system probably came with one diskette drive installed.
You may have added another drive or replaced the existing
drive with one of a different size or capacity. The SETUP
menu offers five possible selections for your diskette drives
(A and B):

3

1.2MB

Q

360KB

0

1.44MB

0

720KB

Q

Not installed.

Check the settings displayed for both drives and correct them
if necessary. (If you have only one diskette drive, select

Not installed

59Linch

5’/4-inch

3%inch

3%inch

for drive B.)

2-4

Running the Setup Program

Setting the Hard Disk Drive(s)

The SETUP program lets you select the type of hard disk

drive(s) installed in your computer. If you have two hard disk
drives, the first one is C and the second one is D. Be sure to
choose the correct setting for both drives.

Follow these guidelines:

0

If your system does not have a hard disk, select Not

installed

hard disk drive, select Not installed for drive D.

0

If your computer came with an Epson 40MB hard disk
drive (or if you installed this drive yourself), select
number 17 for drive C.

Cl

If you have installed another type of hard disk drive, you
need to select the drive type number that matches your

drive. See “Hard Disk Drive Types” below.

Hard Disk Drive Types

If you have installed a hard disk in your computer that is not
the standard Epson 40MB drive (type 17), you need to select
the correct type number to match your drive.

for drives C and D. If you have only one

The following table lists the types of standard hard disk

drives you can use in your computer. Check this table and
the documentation supplied with your hard disk to find
the correct type number for your drive. (Your drive’s
documentation should list all the parameters necessary to
identify it in this table.) If none of the types listed match

your drive, see “Defining your own drive type,” below.

Running the Setup Program

2-5

Hard disk drive types

2-6

Running the Setup Program

Hard disk drive types (continued)

Defining your own drive type

If the parameters for your hard disk (listed in its
documentation) do not match any of the types listed in the
table above, you can define your own type. Follow these
steps:

1.

With the cursor at the Hard disk type option, press

Page Up or Page Down to scroll through the types until

you come to 47 = USER TYPE.

2.

Use the numeric keys to enter the appropriate values for
these parameters:

Cyln

= the number of cylinders on the disk.

Head

= the number of read/write heads in the drive.

WPcom

LZone

= the precompensation cylinder.
= the landing zone (the area on which the

computer parks the heads when you run the HDSIT

program).
Sec = the number of sectors on the disk.
Size = the total amount of storage capacity for the disk.

Running the Setup Program

2-7

Press Enter after typing each number. If you enter an invalid

number, the computer beeps and does not go on to the next
parameter. Check your drive documentation and try again.
You do not enter a value for

Size;

SETUP does this

automatically based on the other values you have entered.

Setting the Primary Display Type

This option lets you define the type of adapter you are using
in your computer for your primary display device:

Cl

VGA or EGA

D

Color 80 x 25

Q

Monochrome

Q

Color 40 x 25.

Note that this option defines the display adapter (the built-in
VGA port or an optional video interface card in your
computer), not the monitor connected to it.

If you have connected your monitor to the computer’s built­in VGA port, select

VGA

or

EGA.

Otherwise, follow these

guidelines to select the correct adapter type:

0

If you have a color graphics adapter (CGA) or a multi­mode graphics adapter (MGA) attached to an RGB (color)
monitor, select

Color 80x25. (Also

be sure to set the

color/mono switch on the MGA card to color.)

Q

If you have a monochrome display adapter (MDA), an
MGA, or a Hercules MGA attached to a monochrome
monitor, choose

Monochrome.

(Also remember to set the

color/mono switch on the MGA card to mono.)

2-8

Running the Setup Program

Q

If you have a composite color monitor, such as a color
television with a video input, try selecting Color
80x25. If you find that the monitor’s resolution is poor,
run SETUP again and select Color 40x25.

If you have two display adapters of different types, select the
setting for the one you want to be your primary display
adapter. The other one is your secondary adapter.

Note

if you

have

installed an

EGA or VGA display adapter card,
or another type of card that you want to be the primary
display adapter, you must set jumper J1 on the main
system board to disable the built-in VGA interface.

If you change the type of monitor you are using you also
need

to set jumper

J3 to indicate either a monochrome or

color monitor. If you have two types of cards, set the

jumper

to match the monitor that: is your primary display.
See Chapter 5 far instructions on changing jumper
settings.

Setting the Keyboard Test Function

There are two options for the keyboard test function:
Installed or Not installed. Select Installed if you want the
computer to test the operation of the keyboard each time you
turn it on or reset it. Select
computer to skip the keyboard test to save time as you boot
the system.

Not installed

Running the Setup Program

if you want the

2-9

Setting the Shadow RAM

Your computer can access RAM (random access memory)

faster than ROM (read-only memory). The Shadow RAM
feature enables the Equity 386SX/16 PLUS to copy the
contents of its system BIOS and/or video ROM into RAM
so it can perform certain operations faster.

The SETUP Shadow RAM option lets you choose what to

place in the shadow RAM area:

Ll

System

0

Video

Ll

System and video

D

None.

Select
card or video card that provides its own shadow RAM (in
which case you can select just
Select
function.

System+Video

None

if you do not want to use the Shadow RAM

Note

Shadow RAM uses 128KB of

640KB

and

1MB in your system (384KB). If you use the

unless you have installed a memory

System

the RAM

or just

available between

Video).

shadow RAM feature, 256KB of this memory is available

for use as extended or expanded memory. If you do not

use shadow RAM, you can use all of the 384KB of RAM as
extended memory, but only 256KB of it as expanded

memory, See “Using Expanded Memory Above 640KB” in

Chapter 4 for more information.

2-10

Running the Setup Program

Setting the CPU Clock Speed

This option lets you set the default speed at which your

computer’s processor operates when you turn it on:

U

High speed (16 MHz)

U

Low speed (8 MHz)

U

Auto speed.

When it is running at high speed, the TURBO light on the

front panel is illuminated.

At high speed, it can access memory faster, so your programs
work faster. You should use high speed for everything you do
unless you are using an application program that requires the
slower speed. Some programs (especially older ones) have
specific timing requirements when accessing diskettes, Check
your application program manual.

You can also set the processor to change speed automatically.
This enables the computer to switch to low speed whenever it
needs to access a diskette but run at high speed for all other
operations.

Select

Auto speed

High speed

to have the computer switch to low speed

for 16 MHz,

Low speed

for 8 MHz, or

automatically when necessary.

Note

You may not want to use the automatic setting for

certain

copy-protected programs. See “Changing the Processor
Speed” in Chapter 4 for more information.

In addition to selecting the default operating speed through
SETUP, you can change the speed temporarily by giving a
keyboard command or by running the ESPEED program. See
“Changing the Processor Speed” in Chapter 4 for more
information.

Running the Setup Program

2-11

EMS Size

The EMS Size option provides a simple way to set the amount
of memory you want to use as expanded. Expanded memory
can be used by application programs conforming to the
Lotus/Intel®/Microsoft® Expanded Memory Specification

(LIM EMS). The Equity 386SX/16 PLUS is compatible with

version 4.0 of the LIM EMS.

Once you have set the expanded memory size with the EMS
Size option, you also need to use a memory manager to
convert the memory to expanded memory. Many application
programs come with a memory manager and there are a

variety of other memory managers available. If you already

have a memory manager (such as the one provided with
MS-DOS), you should use that manager along with EMS Size.

If you do not have another memory manager, you can use
the EMM386SX.SYS memory manager which is on your
Reference diskette. See “Using Memory Beyond 640KB” in
Chapter 4 for instructions.

The total amount of your computer’s extended memory
appears in the information window. You can define how
much of it you want to use as expanded memory in units of
256KB.

2-12

Running the Setup Program

For example, with 2MB of memory, you can specify any of
the following as expanded memory:

tl 0KB
0

256KB

Cl

512KB

Cl

768KB

CL

1024KB

CI

1280KB.

Setting the Password

The SETUP program lets you set an optional password to
control who can use your system. If you do not want to set
a password for your computer, skip this section.

Once you set a password through SETUP, you must enter it
every time you turn on your computer or reset it by pressing
the

RESET

button. If you do not enter it correctly, you cannot

access your system.

To set a password, move the cursor to the
Next to it, you see

Not

installed.

Password

option.

(If you have already set a
password you see Installed.) Press Page Up or Page Down
to display the following:

New Install 1

******** 1

Running the Setup Program

2-13

Now type the password you want to use. You can type up to
eight characters using the letter or number keys, in upper- or
lowercase. For example, you could enter the following:

123aBc!

You can use the backspace key to correct mistakes. After you
type the password, press Enter.

Note

Be sure to remember the password you enter or write it
down and keep it in a safe place. If you cannot remember
it, you will not be able to access the computer the next

time you turn it on. If you forget your password, however,
there is a way to disable the function. See “Password

Problems” in Appendix D for

more

information.

Changing or Deleting a Password

If you want to change the current password, highlight the

Password

display
described above.

option and press Page Up or Page Down

New

Install. Then enter a new password, as

to

To delete the password, press Page Up or Page Down to
display

Not installed.

Be sure to save your settings (as described at the end of this
chapter) when you exit the SETUP program.

2-14

Running the Setup Program

Setting the Built-in Interfaces

This option lets you define how the following built-in
interfaces operate:

0

Parallel port (LPT1, LPT2, LPT3)

U

Serial port (COM1 or COM2)

Q

Hard disk drive controller (HDC)

tl

Floppy disk drive controller (FDC).

Setting the Parallel Interface

The built-in parallel port is set to act as the primary (LPT1). If
you install an option card that provides an additional parallel

interface, you may need to select LPT2 or LPT3 for the built­in port. Follow these guidelines:

U

If you are using only the built-in port, select LPT1. Also
select LPT1 if you have installed an additional port but
want to keep the built-in port the primary adapter.

U

If you have installed an additional port that is pre-set to
act as the primary port or one that you want to be the
primary port, select
installed an IBM monochrome adapter/parallel interface
card, the parallel port on the card must be the primary
adapter and you need to select LPT2 for the built-in port.

LPT2.

For example, if you have

tl

If you have installed two additional parallel ports and
want them to be primary and secondary, select

0

If you have installed three additional parallel ports and
you do not want to use the built-in port, select

Note

LPT3.

Disable.

Be sure to set any jumpers on the card(s) to indicate how

you want the port to be recognized (LPT1, LPT2, or

LPT3).

Running the Setup Program

2-15

Setting the Serial Interface

The built-in serial port in your computer is set to act as the
primary port (COM1). If you install an option card that
provides an additional serial port, that port automatically
becomes secondary (COM2). However, if you want the port
on the card to be COM1, select

COM2

for the built-in port.

If you install a card (or cards) that provide two additional
serial ports and you want them to act as the primary and
secondary ports, select

Note

Disable

for the built-in port.

Be sure to set any jumper(s) on the card(s) to indicate
whether you want the port(s) to be primary or secondary.

Setting the Disk Drive Controllers

If you are using the standard drives that came with your
computer, the hard disk drive controller (HDC) and diskette
drive controller (FDC) should be set to

However, if you install an option card that provides a
controller for a diskette drive or hard disk drive, you need to
disable the built-in controller.

Enable.

Saving Your Settings

After you have made your selections for SETUP, press Esc to

exit. You see the following prompt:

Save SETUP configuration (Y/N)?

Press Esc to return to the menu to make corrections. Press Y
and Enter to save the settings in the CMOS RAM. Press N and

Enter to exit SETUP without saving your changes.

2-16

Running the Setup Program

If you saved your changes, the SETUP program resets your

system and the computer runs through its power-on
diagnostic tests.

If something is wrong, however, you see an error message
and a prompt to run SETUP. Follow the instructions on the
screen to run SETUP again to correct it. (You may need to

reset the computer.)
If you have just run SETUP for the first time, the next thing

you need to do is install MS-DOS on your computer. See your
MS-DOS Installation Guide for instructions. (If you are using

a different operating system, follow the installation
instructions provided with it.)

Running the Setup Program

2-17

2-18

Running the Setup Program

Chapter 3

Using Your Computer

This chapter briefly describes the following procedures for

using your computer:

U

Installing MS-DOS or another operating system

CI

Using special keys on the keyboard

Cl

Stopping a command or program

U

Resetting the computer

2

Using a password

U

Using disks and disk drives.

Installing MS-DOS or Another Operating System

After you connect the components of your system and run
the SETUP program, you must install the operating system on
your computer. If you are installing MS-DOS, follow the
instructions in your MS-DOS Installation Guide. If you are
installing another operating system, such as MS OS/2 or
UNIX, see the manual that comes with that system for
instructions on installing and using it. The procedures in this
manual assume that you are using MS-DOS with your

computer.

Note

Be sure to make backup copies of your original operating
system diskettes.

Using Your Computer

3-1

Special Keys on the Keyboard

Certain keys on your keyboard serve special functions when
your computer is running MS-DOS or application programs.
The special keys are described in the table below.

Special key functions

Key

Tab

It

Tab

-+I

Caps Lock Changes the letter keys from lower- to

Shift

Ctrl

Alt

tBackspace

J

Enter

Insert (Ins)

Purpose

Moves the cursor one tab to the right in normal
mode and one tab to the left in Shift mode.

uppercase; changes back to lowercase when

pressed again. The numeric/symbol keys on the
top row of the keyboard and the symbol keys in
the main part of the keyboard are not affected.

Produces uppercase characters or the top

symbols on the keys when used with the main

character keys. Produces lowercase

characters when the Caps Lock function is on.
Works with other keys to perform special

(control) functions, such as editing operations

in MS-DOS and various application programs.
Works with other keys to enter alternate

character codes or functions.

Moves the cursor back one space, deleting

the character to the left of the cursor.

Ends a line of keyboard input or executes a

command.

Turns the Insert function on and off.

Delete (Del)
Home, End

Page UP (PgUp)
Page Down (PgDn)

T-t&+

3-2

Using Your Computer

Deletes the character marked by the cursor.

Control cursor location.

Special key functions

(continued)

Key

Num Lock

Esc

F1-F12

Print Screen
SYS Rq

Scroll Lock

I

Pause
Break

Purpose
Changes the function of the numeric/cursor

keys from entering numbers to positioning the
cursor; changes back when pressed again.

Cancels the current command line or
operation.

Perform special functions within application
programs.

Prints the screen display on a printer.
Generates the System Request function in some

application programs (used with Alt).
Controls scrolling in some applications.

Suspends the current operation.

Terminates the current operation (when used
with Ctrl).

The Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock keys work as

toggles; press the key once to turn on a function and again to

turn it off. When the function is enabled, the corresponding

light in the upper right corner of the keyboard is on.

I

Stopping a Command of Program

You may sometimes need to stop a command or program
while it is running. Many programs provide a command you
can use to cancel or even undo an operation. If you have
entered an MS-DOS command that you want to stop, try one
of the following commands:

0

Hold down the Ctrl key and press C

Cl

Hold down the Ctrl key and press Break,

Using Your Computer

3-3

These methods may also work in your application program.

If not, you may need to reset the computer, as described
below.

Caution

It is best not to turn off the computer to stop a program or
command. If you created new data and have not yet stored
it, the data will be erased if you turn off the computer. The
computer stores your data in its memory area (RAM) until
you save it; but the data is erased each time you turn off or
reset the computer.

Resetting the Computer

Occasionally, you may want to clear the computer’s current

settings or its memory without turning it off. You can do this

by resetting the computer.

For example, if an error occurs and the computer does not
respond to your keyboard entries, you can reset it to reload
MS-DOS and try again. However, resetting erases any data in
memory that you have not saved; so reset only if necessary.

Caution

Do not reset the computer as a means to exit a program.
Some programs classify and store new data when you exit
them in the normal manner. If you reset the computer
without properly exiting a program, you may lose data.

To reset the computer, MS-DOS must be either on the hard

disk or on a diskette in drive A; so if you do not have a hard
disk, insert the Startup diskette in drive A.

3-4

Using Your Computer

There are two ways to reset the computer:

3

If you are using MS-DOS, hold down Ctrl and Alt and
press the Del key. The screen goes blank for a moment
and then the computer should reload MS-DOS. If it
doesn’t, try the next method.

Q

Press the

RESET

button on the front panel. This method
works even when the computer does not respond to your
keyboard entries.

If resetting the computer does not correct the problem, you
probably need to turn it off and reboot it. Remove any
diskette(s) from the diskette drive(s). Turn off the computer
and wait five seconds. If you do not have a hard disk, insert
the Startup diskette in drive A. Then turn on the computer.

Using a Password

If you set a password when you ran the SETUP program, you
must enter it every time you turn on the computer or press
the

RESET

button. Follow these steps to use your password:

1.

If you do not have a hard disk, insert your Startup
diskette in drive A.

2.

Turn on the computer or press

RESET.

After the computer
completes its memory test, the screen displays the
following prompt:

Enter Password :

3.

Type your password at the prompt. The screen does not

display the characters you type. Then press Enter.

After you type the password correctly and press Enter, you

see

the

Press <Del> to start SETUP

prompt. If you do
not press Del, the computer loads MS-DOS and displays the
MS-DOS command prompt.

Using Your Computer

3-5

If you do not enter the correct password the first time, press

Enter and try again.

If you want to change or delete your current password, you
must run the SETUP program. See Chapter 2 for instructions.

Using Disks and Disk Drives

The disk drives in your computer allow you to store data on

disk, and then retrieve and use your stored data. This section
explains how disks work and tells you how to:

Q

Use different types of diskettes and diskette drives

Q

Care for your diskettes and diskette drives

Q

Write-protect diskettes

0

Use a single diskette drive system

0

Insert and remove diskettes

P

Format diskettes

Q

Make backup copies

D

Use a hard disk drive.

How Disks Store Data

Diskettes are made of flexible plastic coated with magnetic
material. This plastic is enclosed in a square jacket that is
either slightly flexible (5¼-inch diskette), or hard (3½-inch
diskette).

Unlike a diskette, a hard disk is rigid and fixed in place. It is
sealed in a protective case to keep it free of dust and dirt. A
hard disk stores data the same way that a diskette does, but it
works much faster and has a much larger storage capacity.

3-6

Using Your Computer

All disks are divided into data storage compartments by sides,
tracks, and sectors. Double-sided diskettes store data on both

sides. On each side are concentric rings, called tracks, on

which a disk can store data.

A disk is further divided by sectors, which are similar in
shape to pie slices. The figure below provides a simple
representation of tracks and sectors.

Double-sided, double-density diskettes have either 40 or 80
tracks on each side, and double-sided, high-density diskettes
have 80 tracks on each side. Diskettes can have 8, 9, 15, or 18
sectors per track.

A hard disk consists of two or more platters stacked on top of
one another and thus has four or more sides. In addition, a
hard disk has many more tracks per side than a diskette, but
the number of tracks depends on the capacity of the hard
disk. The number of sectors depends on the type of hard disk.

Using Your Computer

3-7

Your computer uses the read/write heads in a disk drive to
store and retrieve data on a disk. To write to a disk, the
computer spins it in the drive to position the disk so that the

area where the data is to be written is under the read/write

head. A diskette has an exposed area where the read/write

head can access it.
Because data is stored magnetically, you can retrieve it,

record over it, and erase it-just as you play, record, and erase
music on a cassette tape.

Types of Diskette Drives

The following list describes the four types of diskette drives
you can use in your computer and which diskettes to use
with them:

0

1.44MB drive-Use
135 TPI, 1.44MB diskettes. These diskettes contain 80

tracks per side, 18 sectors per track, and hold up to

1.44MB of information, which is approximately 600

pages of text.

Ll

1.2MB drive-Use
96 TPI (tracks per inch), 1.2MB diskettes. These diskettes
contain 80 tracks per side, 15 sectors per track, and hold
up to 1.2MB of information, which is approximately 500
pages of text.

3%inch,

5?&inch,

double-sided, high-density,

double-sided, high-density,

3-8

Note

MB stands for megabyte, which equals 1024KB (or

1,048,576 bytes). KB stands for kilobyte, which equals
1024 bytes. Each byte represents a single character,

such as A, $, or 3.

Q

720KB drive-Use

135 TPI, 720KB diskettes. These diskettes contain 80
tracks per side, 9 sectors per track, and hold up to 720KB
of information, which is approximately 300 pages of text.

Using Your Computer

3M-inch,

double-sided, double-density,

0

360KB drive-Use

5%inch,

double-sided, double-density,

48 TN, 360KB diskettes. (You can also use single-sided,

160KB or 180KB diskettes.) These diskettes contain 40
tracks per side and 8 or 9 sectors per track. With 8 sectors
per track, a diskette holds up to 320KB. With 9 sectors per
track, a diskette holds up to 360KB of information, which
is approximately 150 pages of text.

Note

You must format a new diskette

before you can store data

on it. See “Formatting Diskettes,” later in this section.

Drive

and

diskette incompatibilities

If your computer has more than one type of diskette drive, or
if you use different types of diskettes, you need to be aware of

certain incompatibilities between the drives and diskettes.

Because of the type and size differences, you cannot use a

3%-inch diskette in a

5%inch

drive or vice versa. There are
also limitations on using diskettes that are the same size as
the drive but have different capacities. The following tables
summarize the possibilities and limitations.

5 1/4--inch drive/diskette compatibility

Drive type Diskette types it can read from and write to
360KB 360KB, 320KB, 180KB, 160KB

1.2MB

* If you write to this diskette in a 1.2MB drive, you may not be able

to read it or write to it in a 360KB drive later.

3

B-inch

drive/diskette compatibility

Drive type Diskette types it can read from and write to
720KB

1.44MB 1.44MB, 720KB

1.2MB, 360KB*; 320KB*, 180KB*, 160KB*

720KB

Using Your Computer

--

3-9

Because of these incompatibilities, always indicate the
diskette type and density when you label your diskettes.
(Usually this information appears on the manufacturer’s
label.)

If you have any combination of the above drives (1.44 MB,

1.2MB, 720KB, or 360KB), you can copy files from one drive
to another-using COPY or XCOPY-as long as the correct
diskette type is in each drive. You can also use these
commands to copy files between a hard disk and any type of
diskette. However, you cannot use the MS-DOS DISKCOPY
command to copy from one diskette drive to another if the
two drives are not the same type. For more about copying
files and diskettes, see your MS-DOS Reference Manual.

Caring for Diskettes and Diskette Drives

Follow these basic precautions to protect your diskettes and
avoid losing data:

0

If you have a diskette that contains data you don’t want

to accidentally write over or erase, be sure you write-

protect it. This is especially important for your operating
system and application program diskettes. See “Write­protecting Diskettes,” below, for more details.

3-10

Q

Do not remove a diskette from the diskette drive or reset
or turn off the computer while the drive light is on. This
light indicates that the computer is copying data to or
from a diskette. If you interrupt this process, you can
destroy data.

0

Remove all diskettes before you turn off the computer.

c3

Keep diskettes away from dust and dirt. Small particles of
dust or dirt can scratch the magnetic surface, destroy
data, and ruin the read/write heads in a diskette drive.

Cl

Never wipe, brush, or try to clean diskettes in any way.

Using Your Computer

Keep diskettes in a moderate environment. Don’t leave

diskettes sitting in the sun, or in extreme cold or heat.
Keep diskettes away from magnetic fields, such as

electrical appliances, telephones, and loudspeakers.
(Remember that diskettes store information
magnetically.)

Do not place diskettes on top of your monitor or near an

cl

external hard disk drive.

0

Always hold a

5?4inch

diskette by its protective jacket
and never touch the magnetic surface (exposed by the
read/write slot). The oils on your fingertips can damage
it.

Do not place anything on top of your diskettes, and be

sure they do not get bent.
Carefully label your diskettes and indicate the type and

density. Attach the label only along the top of a diskette
(next to the manufacturer’s label). Do not stick several
labels on top of one another; this can make it difficult to
insert and remove the diskette in the drive.

cl

Write on a diskette label before you attach it to the
diskette. If you need to write on a label that is already on
the diskette, use only a soft-tip pen-not a ballpoint pen
or a pencil.

Ll

Store diskettes in their protective envelopes and in a
proper location, such as a diskette container. Do not store
diskettes flat or stack them on top of each other.

Using Your Computer

3-11

Write-protecting Diskettes

You can write-protect a diskette to prevent its data from
being altered. When a diskette is write-protected, you can

read it and copy data from it, but you cannot store new data
on it or delete any files it contains. If you try to change data
stored on a write-protected diskette, MS-DOS displays an
error message.

To write-protect a
rectangular notch (shown below) with an adhesive write­protect tab. Write-protect tabs usually are included in a new
package of blank

b-y-protect

i

5%inch

5%inch

diskette, cover the small,

diskettes.

notch

0

0

write-protect tab

To remove the write protection, peel off the write-protect tab.

3-12

Using Your Computer

On a

3%inch

diskette, the write-protect device is a small
switch on the back of the diskette in the lower right corner,
shown below. To write-protect a

3%?-inch

diskette, slide the
switch toward the edge of the diskette until it clicks into
position, exposing a hole in the corner.

-write-protect switch

To remove the write protection, slide the switch toward the
center of the diskette until it clicks into position and the hole
is covered.

Note

Some program diskettes have no notch or switch so they
are permanently write-protected. This protects them from
being accidentally erased or altered.

Using Your Computer

3-13

Using a Single Diskette Drive System

MS-DOS expects the computer to have at least two diskette
drives and displays prompts and messages accordingly.
Usually, MS-DOS recognizes the first diskette drive (the top
drive) as A and a second diskette drive as B. If you have only
one diskette drive, MS-DOS can treat it as both A and B when
you need to perform operations that normally require two
diskette drives.

For example, if you enter a command to copy data from A
to B, MS-DOS copies the data from the first diskette you place
in the drive (which would be drive A) to the computer’s
memory. Then MS-DOS prompts you to insert another
diskette (for drive B) and copies the data from memory to the
new diskette. When copying is complete, you see a prompt to
insert the original diskette (A).

Because you may often swap diskettes this way, it is
important to remember which diskette is which. It is also a
good idea to write-protect your original diskette. See “Write­protecting Diskettes,” above.

If you have a hard disk and one diskette drive, you can load
the operating system and application programs from the
hard disk, create and store your data there, and use the

diskette drive just for copying data to or from diskettes.

However, if you have only one diskette drive and no hard

disk, you need to use that drive to load the operating system
as well as any application program you are using. First, insert

the operating system diskette (the Startup diskette, for

example) in drive A and load the operating system; this

copies it to the computer’s memory (RAM) so you do not
need to leave the system diskette in the drive. Then remove
the system diskette and insert your application program

diskette to load that data into memory, too. See your

application program manual for detailed instructions.

3-14

Using Your Computer

Inserting and Removing Diskettes

If you have a

5%inch

diskette drive, insert a diskette as
follows: hold the diskette with the label facing up and the
read/write slot leading into the drive, as shown below.

rite slot

Slide the diskette into the slot until it is in all the way. Then

turn the latch down to lock it in a vertical position. This
keeps the diskette in place and enables the read/write heads
in the drive to access the diskette.

When you want to remove a diskette, first make sure the disk
drive light is off. Then flip up the latch and carefully pull out
the diskette. Place it in its protective envelope and store it in
a proper location, such as a diskette container.

Using Your Computer

3-15

If you have a 3 1/2-inch diskette drive, insert the diskette with

the label facing up and the metal shutter leading into the

drive, as shown in the following illustration. Slide the
diskette into the drive until it clicks into place.

release button

metal shutter

When you want to remove the diskette, make sure the drive
light is off; then press the release button. When the diskette
pops out, remove it and store it properly.

Caution

Never remove a diskette or reset or turn off the computer
while a diskette drive light is on. You could lose data. Also,
be sure to remove all diskettes before you turn off the
computer.

3-16

Using

Your

Computer

Formatting Diskettes

Before you can store data on a new diskette, you must format
it using the FORMAT command. Formatting prepares the

diskette so that MS-DOS can write data on it. You need to do

this only once, before you use the diskette for the first time.
You can also reformat previously used diskettes to store new

data. This process erases all the data on the diskette, so be
sure you do not want to save any of the files on a used
diskette before you format it. See your MS-DOS Reference
Manual for instructions on using the FORMAT command.

Making Backup Copies

It is important to make copies of all your data and system

diskettes. Make backup (or working) copies of all diskettes

that contain programs, such as your MS-DOS, Reference, and

Utility diskettes; then use only the copies. Store the original
diskettes away from your working diskettes. Also, copy your
data diskettes regularly, whenever you revise them and store
them away from your originals.

If you have a hard disk, you’ll probably use it to store the
programs and data files you use regularly. Keep backup copies
of all your files on diskettes.

You can copy your data in several ways. See your MS-DOS
Reference Manual for instructions on using the following
commands:

2

You can use the COPY or XCOPY command to copy
individual files or groups of files.

Q

You can use the DISKCOPY command to make an exact

duplicate of a diskette.

Cl

You can use the BACKUP command to back up hard disk

files to diskettes. Because BACKUP can split large files
across two or more diskettes, it makes more efficient use
of diskette space than COPY or XCOPY.

Using Your Computer

3-17

Using a Hard Disk Drive

Using a hard disk is similar to using a diskette. However, the
hard disk provides several advantages:

Q

A 40MB hard disk can store as much data as

approximately thirty-three 1.2MB diskettes, and a 100MB

hard disk can store as much data as approximately

eighty-two 1.2MB diskettes.

0

Your computer can perform all disk-related operations

faster.

D

You can store frequently used programs and data files on

the hard disk, eliminating the inconvenience of swapping
diskettes to access different files.

The added storage capacity makes it easy to move back and

forth between different programs and data files. However,

because it is so easy to add programs and files to your hard

disk, you may find yourself trying to organize hundreds of
files.

MS-DOS lets you keep related files together in directories and
subdirectories so they are easy to find and use. See your
MS-DOS Reference Manual for instructions on managing
your files and directories.

A hard disk must be partitioned and formatted before you
can use it. Be sure you have performed the procedures in
your MS-DOS Installation Guide to prepare your hard disk for
use.

Backing up the hard disk

While the hard disk is very reliable, it is essential to back up
your hard disk files to diskettes in case you lose some data

accidentally. Make copies of all your system and application

program diskettes before copying the programs to the hard

disk. After you create data files on the hard disk, be sure to
copy them to diskettes whenever you revise them to keep

your backup diskettes up-to-date.

3-18

Using Your Computer

Caring for your hard disk drive

Follow these precautions to protect your hard disk drive from
damage and to avoid losing data:

Ll

Never turn off or reset the computer when the hard disk

access light is on. This light indicates that the computer
is copying data to or from the hard disk. If you interrupt
this process, you can lose data.

Q

Never attempt to open the hard disk drive. The disk itself
is enclosed in a sealed container to protect it from dust.

Q

Before you move your computer even a short distance,
you may need to run the HDSIT program to prepare the
hard disk for moving, as described below.

Preparing the hard disk for moving

If you need to move your computer to a new location, you
may want to run the HDSIT program-provided on your
Reference diskette-to protect the hard disk during the move.

HDSIT moves (or parks) the disk drive’s read/write heads to a
region on the disk surface that does not contain data,
locks them securely in position. This protects the hard disk
from being damaged if the computer is bumped accidentally.

and

Many hard disk drives, including all Epson drives,

automatically park their heads when you turn off the
computer. If your hard disk drive does not do this, or if you
are not sure that it does, be sure to run HDSIT.

Follow these steps to run HDSIT:

1.

Insert the Reference diskette in drive A. Then type

A :

and press Enter to log onto that drive.

2.

Type the following and press Enter:

HDSIT

Using Your Computer

3-19

You see a message on the screen that tells you the disk drive’s
read/write heads will remain locked until you reset the
computer or turn the power off and on again. The computer
locks the heads and disables the keyboard. Remove any
diskettes and turn off the computer. You are now ready to
move it to the new location.

Note

For convenience, you may want to copy the following two
files from the Reference diskette to

your hard disk:

HDSIT.COM

HDSIT.VER

Then, when you want to run HDSIT, just log onto the

directory on your hard disk where you stored the files,
type

HDSIT,

and press Enter. See your MS-DOS Reference

manual for instructions on using the COPY command.

If you have a 5Winch diskette drive and you still have the
original diskette drive protector card, you may want to insert
it into the drive prior to shipping your computer to protect
the read/write heads.

Using Your Computer

Chapter 4

Enhancing System Operations

This chapter tells you how to use the following procedures to
enhance the operation of your computer:

CI

Using AUTOEXEC.BAT and other batch files

Ci

Changing the processor speed

Q

Using expanded memory beyond 640KB

c3

Using the VGA utilities.

Using AUTOEXEC.BAT and Other Batch Files

As you get used to using MS-DOS and your application
programs, you may find that there are commands you need
to run frequently. You can automate the execution of these

commands by listing them in a special file called a batch file.

When you type the name of the batch file and press Enter,
MS-DOS executes the commands in the file just as if you had
typed each command from the keyboard.

If you have a word processing program that can save a file as
a text-only file (sometimes called an ASCII file), you can use

it to create a batch file. You can also use the MS-DOS COPY

or EDLIN command, or a text editor, to create the file.
One batch file that you may find particularly useful is called

AUTOEXEC.BAT. Every time you turn on your computer,

MS-DOS looks for the AUTOEXEC.BAT file and automatically

executes each of the commands.

Enhancing System Operations 4-1

When you install MS-DOS, it creates an AUTOEXEC.BAT file
for you. To modify the file or replace it with a new one, you
can use the COPY or EDLIN command, a text editor, or a
word processing program that can save a file as a text-only
file. However, be sure to name the file AUTOEXEC.BAT and
store it in the root directory of the hard disk or diskette from
which you load MS-DOS.

See your MS-DOS Reference Manual for more information
about creating and using batch files.

Changing the Processor Speed

Your computer’s processor can operate at two speeds: high

and low. High speed is 16 MHz, low is 8 MHz. On high, the
computer can access memory faster than on low. Your
processor is set to operate at high speed (by default) in the
SETUP program unless you change the speed to low or set the
speed to change automatically.

You should use high speed for almost everything you do

since your programs will work faster. However, certain
application programs have specific timing requirements for
diskette access and can run only at the slower speed. See your
software manual to determine if this is the case.

Some copy-protected programs require the computer to run
at low speed while accessing the program on a diskette. These
programs also usually require you to leave a key disk-the
diskette that contains the copy protection-in the diskette
drive. If you use a copy-protected program often, you may
want to set your processor speed to change automatically to
low speed when accessing the diskette and return to high
speed when it is finished.

4-2

Enhancing System Operations

There are different types of copy-protected programs.

Depending on the type you have, you may or may not want
to set the processor to automatic speed. Follow these
guidelines:

0

If you are using a copy-protected program that can run
only on a diskette or that requires a key disk, try to start
the program on high speed. If this works, you do not
need to set the speed to change automatically. If you
can’t load the program on high, set the speed to change
automatically.

Q

If you are using a copy-protected program that does not
require a key disk but requires a special procedure to
install the program on a hard disk, set the speed to low
while you are installing the program. Once it is installed,
set the speed to high, where you should be able to leave
it while you load and run the program.

If this does not work, try installing and loading the
program at low speed and then change to high speed to

run it. Do not set the speed to change automatically.
There are three ways to change the processor speed:

Q

Run the SETUP program

Q

Enter a keyboard command

Q

Run the ESPEED program.
If you frequently use programs that require the processor to

operate at low speed or require the automatic speed change

when your computer is accessing a diskette, use SETUP to

change the processor speed. See Chapter 2 for instructions.

If you use these programs only occasionally, you should use
the keyboard commands or the ESPEED program (described
below) to change the processor speed.

Enhancing System Operations

4-3

Entering Keyboard Commands

You can change the processor speed by entering one of the
commands shown in the following table.

Speed setting commands

ni

To enter these commands, hold down the Ctrl key and the

Alt key simultaneously and then press the 2, +, 1, or - key.

Use the + or - key on the numeric keypad or the 1 or 2 key
on the main keyboard.

Note

You can use the commands listed above while you are

running a program. However, if the program uses one of

the same commands for another function, you cannot use

it to change the processor speed. For example, if you are
running a program that uses the Ctrl Alt - command to
move the cursor, you cannot enter Ctrl Alt - to change the
processor speed to low. Another alternative is to use the
ESPEED program, described below.

The speed setting remains in effect until you press the
button or turn off the computer, or until you change it again
using the SETUP program, another keyboard command, or
the ESPEED program.

4-4

Enhancing System Operations

RESET

Using the ESPEED Program

ESPEED provides an easy way to change the processor speed
if your application program does not recognize the Ctrl
keyboard commands or if you want to include the program

command in a batch file.

The ESPEED program is provided with your system on the

Reference diskette. If you do not have a hard disk, insert your

Reference diskette in drive A and log onto drive A before you

enter the command to start the program.

If you have a hard disk drive, copy the file ESPEED.COM

from your Reference diskette onto your hard disk and run the

program from there.

For information on how to run the ESPEED program, type

the following at the MS-DOS command prompt and press

Enter:

ESPEED ?

You see this display:

Format: ESPEED

No Parm
H

L

?

: Displays current CPU Speed

: Set to High Speed
: Set to Low Speed
: Help Message

CHILI?]

The message tells you the switches you should use to set the

speed to high or low. For example, to select low speed, type

the following and press Enter:

ESPEED L

To change the processor speed back to high, enter this

command:

ESPEED H

Enhancing System Operations

4-5

To display the current CPU speed, type

ES P E ED

press Enter. You see the following:

only and

<+>

16.0 MHz <->
<Esc> : Exit

: Speed Up
: Speed Down

To change the speed when you see this display, press the +
or - key; then press Esc to exit.

The processor speed you set remains in effect until you
change it using the ESPEED program again, a keyboard

command, or the SETUP program; or until you press the

RESET

Entering the ESPEED command in a batch file

button or turn off the computer.

You may want to run the ESPEED program by including the

command in a batch file. For example, if you have a program
called SLOWDOWN which requires a slower processor speed,

you could include the following commands in a batch file to

start the SLOWDOWN program:

ESPEED L

SLOWDOWN

You could name the batch file SLOW.BAT. Whenever you

need to run the SLOWDOWN program, insert the program
diskette in drive A. Then type S

LOW

and press Enter. The
computer changes the speed to low and starts the
SLOWDOWN program.

See your MS-DOS Reference Manual for instructions on
creating and using batch files.

4-6

Enhancing System Operations

Using Expanded Memory Beyond 640KB

The Equity 386SX/16 PLUS comes with 2MB of random

access memory. MS-DOS and your application programs that
run under MS-DOS use the first 640KB of memory. You can
use any memory above 1MB as extended memory (up to

16MB) or expanded memory (up to 24MB).
Shadow RAM uses 128KB of the RAM available between

640KB and 1MB in your system (384KB). If you use the
shadow RAM feature, 256KB of this memory is available for
use as extended or expanded memory. If you do not use
shadow RAM, you can use all of the 384KB of RAM as
extended memory but only 256KB of it as expanded memory
(to allow room for the expanded memory page frame).

Expanded memory is required by certain programs (such as
Lotus 1-2-3) that support the Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded
Memory Specification (LIM 4.0 EMS). To take advantage of

expanded memory, you need to use a memory manager to
convert the computer’s extended memory to expanded

memory. If you do not have another memory manager (such

as HIMEM), you can use the one provided on your Reference
diskette, EMM386SX.SYS. Follow the steps given below.

1.

Run the SETUP program to allocate the amount of
memory you want to use as expanded memory. See “EMS
Size” in Chapter 2 for instructions.

2.

Copy the file EMM386SX.SYS from your Reference
diskette to the root directory of your hard disk (or the
Startup diskette).

Enhancing System Operations

4-7

3.

Add a command to the CONFIG.SYS file to include the
memory manager as a device driver, as described in the

next section. The CONFIG.SYS file is used by MS-DOS to
set up the computer’s system configuration requirements.

Modifying the CONFIG.SYS File

If you have a word processing program that can save a file as

a text-only file (also called an ASCII file), you can use it to
add the memory manager to the CONFIG.SYS file. Follow
these steps:

1.

Start your word processing program.

2.

Load the file CONFIG.SYS and add the following
command line:

DEVICE=EMM386SX.SYS

For information on optional parameters, see “Using
EMM386SX.SYS options,” below.

Note

you can copy the EMM386SX.SYS file to a directory
other than the root directory as long as you either
enter that directory in a PATH command (for example,
in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file), or include the pathname
on the DEVICE= command line. For example, if
EMM386SX.SYS is in the directory \DRV on drive C,
include the pathname like this:

4-8

DEVICE=C:\DRV\EMM386SX.SYS

If you plan to use any of your expanded memory to
create a virtual disk with the MS-DOS VDISK device
driver, be sure to insert the EMM386SX.SYS command
line before the VDISK command line in your
CONFIG.SYS file. See your MS-DOS Reference Manual
for information about VDISK.

Enhancing System Operations

3.

Save the file as an ASCII text file.

4. Reset the computer.
If you do not have a word processing program capable of

saving an ASCII text file, you can modify CONFIG.SYS using
the MS-DOS EDLIN or COPY CON command, or a text
editor. See your MS-DOS Reference Manual for instructions.

Using EMM386SX.SYS options

You can include optional parameters in the DEVICE=

command line to tailor the way the memory manager works.

The table below summarizes the EMM386SX.SYS parameters.

EMM386SX.SYS

Parameter

/D or-D

/M[n] or -M[n]
/P[nnn] or -P[nnn]

/X[nnnn-nnnn] or

-X[nnnn-nnnn]

parameters

Description
Tells EMM386SX.SYS to run expanded

memory diagnostics each time you load

the driver

Specifies the page frame address
Specifies the maximum number of

handles (process IDS) available to
EMM386SX.SYS

Specifies a hexadecimal memory address
range to exclude from expanded memory
mapping

The D parameter specifies whether you want EMM386SX.SYS
to run diagnostics on your expanded memory page frame
each time you load the program. It does not run the
diagnostics unless you include the D parameter.

Enhancing System Operations

4-9

The M[n] parameter specifies a particular 64KB page frame

address for EMM386SX.SYS. The value n must be a number
from 1 to 9 to indicate one of the following addresses:

1

0C0000h

2

0C4000h

3

0C8000h

4

0CC000h

5*

0D0000h

6

0D4000h

7

0D8000h

8

0DC000h

9

0E0000h

* Default setting

For example, to specify a page frame address of 0CC000h,
add the following command line to your CONFIGSYS file:

DEVICE-EMM386SX.SYS /M4

The P[nnn] parameter specifies the number of handles (or

process IDS) available to EMM386SX.SYS. The value for nnn

must be in the range of 64 to 256. The default value is 64.
The X[nnnn-nnnn] parameter specifies a hexadecimal

memory address range to exclude from mapping by
EMM386SX.SYS. The first address (nnnn) is the beginning

address of the range and the second address (nnnn) is the

ending address.

4-10

Enhancing System Operations

EMM386SX.SYS automatically excludes from mapping any
addresses that are reserved for use by your system ROM and
RAM. If you install an option card, such as a network card,
that uses the memory address range C000 through E000,
include the X parameter in the DEVICE= command line to
exclude this memory range from expanded memory
mapping.

For more information about your system’s memory, see
“System Memory Map” in Appendix A.

Using the VGA Utilities

Your built-in VGA (video graphics array) display adapter
supports both standard VGA monitors and multi-frequency
monitors with analog connectors. The VGA adapter operates
in all standard VGA resolutions without requiring any device
drivers. However, if you are using a monitor that supports
extended VGA features, you may want to use one or more of
the device drivers provided on the Utility diskettes that came
with your computer.

You need to install the VGA device drivers if you want to use
extended VGA features such as these:

P

Resolutions up to 800 x 600 in graphics modes with 16

colors

Q

132-column text mode in 16 colors

Cl

Graphics cursor movement performed by the built-in
VGA hardware.

Enhancing System Operations

4-11

You can use the VGA utilities (also provided on the Utility

diskettes) to take advantage of other special features of your
VGA adapter. Even if you do not use any device drivers, you
may want to install some of the VGA utilities, such as the
following:

VGAMODE

Provides 132-column text in text-based
programs such as Wordstar® and
WordPerfect®.

SETVGA

Sets the built-in VGA adapter to emulate
the operation of other adapters, such as
Hercules@ and CGA adapters.

SNOOZE

Turns off your VGA display when you
have not used your computer for a
specified period of time.

The VGA device drivers and utilities are described in the VGA
Utilities booklet that came with your system.

4-12

Enhancing System Operations

Chapter 5

Installing and Removing Options

You can enhance the performance of your computer by

adding a variety of options, including the following:

0

Option cards

Q

Memory modules

Q

A math coprocessor.

An option card is a circuit board you install in your computer
to add a particular function. Most option cards contain a

device, such as a modem, or provide an interface, such as a
connector to which you connect to a network. This chapter
describes how to install option cards and configure your
computer for use with them.

Memory modules-also called SIMMs (single inline memory

modules)-allow you to increase the amount of memory in
your computer. This chapter describes the types and amounts
of SIMMs you can use in your computer. If you want to
install memory modules, you may prefer to ask your dealer to
do it for you. You can, however, follow the instructions in
this chapter to install them yourself.

Note

It is best not to expand your system’s memory by
installing an optional memory card. Using memory

modules is more efficient since you do not need to use one
of your option slots to add memory. Your computer can
also access memory installed on memory modules faster

than memory installed on a card.

Installing and Removing Options 5-1

A math coprocessor speeds up the numeric calculations your
computer performs when using certain application software.
If you purchase a math coprocessor, it is a good idea to ask
your dealer to install it for you, because it can be damaged
easily. If you decide to install it yourself, follow the
appropriate steps in this chapter.

This chapter also explains how to change the jumper settings
inside the computer. You may need to change jumper

settings if you install certain types of options or if you want

to change the way your computer operates.

If you need to replace the battery for your computer’s
real-time clock and CMOS RAM, you can follow the
instructions in this chapter.

To change jumper settings, replace the battery, or install any

of the options mentioned above, you need to remove the
cover from the computer. You may also need to remove the
subassembly. Be sure to heed all the warnings in this chapter
so you do not injure yourself or damage the computer.

Removing the Cover

To access any internal components, you need to remove the
computer’s cover. Follow these steps:

1.

Turn off the computer and then any peripheral devices

(including the monitor and printer).

2.

Disconnect the computer’s power cable from the
electrical outlet and from the back panel. Then
disconnect any cables that are connected to the
computer, including the keyboard cable.

3.

If the monitor is on top of the computer, lift it off and set

it to one side.

5-2

Installing and

Removing

Options

Turn the computer around so you are facing the back

4.

panel. The cover is secured by a large screw on the back
panel, as shown below. Turn the screw counterclockwise
to unlock the cover.

The cover is also secured by two latches on the back of

5.

the cover near the corners. Press both latches inward and
then lift up the cover from the back panel. You might
meet some resistance from the grounding tabs along the
inside of the cover.

latches

Installing and Removing Options

5-3

6.

Pull the cover away from the front of the computer to
completely remove it. Then set it aside.

7.

Before you touch any of the components, touch the
inside of the computer’s back panel, as shown below, to
ground yourself and avoid an electric shock.

WARNING

Be sure to ground yourself to the inside back panel of the
computer every time you remove the cover. If you are not
properly grounded, you could generate an electric shock
when you touch a component.

5-4

Installing and Removing Options

Changing the Jumper Settings

If you change your computer’s configuration or need to alter
the way it operates, you may need to change a jumper setting
inside the computer.

A jumper is a small electrical connector that controls one of
the computer’s functions. The jumper settings in your
computer are preset at the factory; however, you can alter the
following functions by changing the standard settings:

D

Enable or disable the built-in VGA display adapter

Q

Enable or disable the password function

U

Set the computer to use a color or monochrome monitor

0

Enable or disable the built-in mouse connector.

If you need to change any jumper settings, follow the
instructions in this section.

Installing and Removing Options

5-5

Setting the Jumpers

The illustration below shows the locations of the jumpers on

your computer’s main system board.

II

i

II

IIll

A jumper’s setting is determined by where the jumper is placed
on the pins. It connects either pin A and the middle pin
(position A) or pin B and the middle pin (position B), as shown
below.

____.............

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-

. .._.._..___.______.

ill

I

position A

&$$B

A

To move a jumper from one position to the other, use
needle-nose pliers or tweezers to pull it off its pins and gently
move it to the desired position.

5-6

Installing and Removing Options

@B

A

position B

@B

A

The following table lists the jumper settings and their

functions.

Main system board jumper settings

A

B*
A
B*
A*

B

A*

B

* Factory setting

Disables the built-in VGA display adapter so you
can use a display adapter on an option card in
your computer as your primary adapter

Enables

Disables the password function

Enables the password function

A color monitor is installed

A monochrome monitor is installed

Enables the built-in mouse connector

Disables the built-in mouse connector so you can

use a mouse or other pointing device connected

to a port on an option card in your computer

Enables the IRQ9 signal for the built-in VGA

display adapter

Enables the IRQ9 signal for a display adapter on

an option card

the built-in VGA display adapter

Installing and Removing Options

5-7

If you need to change any jumper settings, follow these steps:

1.

Remove any option cards that may be blocking your
access to the jumpers. See page 5-16 for instructions.

2.

Change the jumper settings.

3.

Replace any option cards you removed. See “Installing an
Option Card” on page 5-12.

4.

Follow the instructions on page 5-40 to replace the
computer’s cover.

Replacing the Battery

Your computer comes with a 3.6 volt lithium battery that
provides power for the real-time clock and the CMOS RAM.
The real-time clock keeps track of the time for your
computer, and the CMOS RAM stores the information about
your system configuration that was saved by the SETUP
program.

This battery lasts approximately three to five years. If it loses
power, you will see an error message when you turn on or
reset your computer. Contact your dealer to obtain a
replacement battery pack. Your dealer can also install the
battery for you. If you want to replace the battery yourself,
you can follow the instructions in this section.

Note

When

the

battery runs out, your computer

loses the

information stored in the CMOS RAM and the time stored
in the real-time clock. After you replace the battery, you

must run the SETUP program to reconfigure your system

and set the real-time clock.

5-8

Installing and Removing Options

If necessary, follow the instructions on page 5-2 to remove
the computer’s cover. Then follow these steps to replace the
battery:

1.

Turn the computer so that the front panel is facing you.
The battery is attached to the bottom of the computer

case, just behind the front panel, as shown below.

To disconnect the battery from the main system board,
pull up on the connector plugged into socket CN1, as

shown below.

Installing and Removing Options

5-9

The battery is attached to the computer with Velcro?

2.

Remove the battery by pulling it up from the bottom of
the computer case, as shown below. Then set it aside.

--

3.

Remove the new battery from its package and position it

so the Velcro faces down and the cable faces connector
CN1. Then attach it to the bottom of the computer case,

as shown below.

5-10

Installing and Removing Options

Connect the battery cable to connector CN1.

4.

battery cable

connector

CN1

Follow the steps on page 5-40 to replace the computer’s

5.
cover. Then run the SETUP program to reconfigure your
system and reset the time for the real-time clock. See

Chapter 2 for instructions.

Installing and Removing Options

5-11

Installing an Option Card

Your computer has four standard option slots: three 16-bit
slots and one 8-bit slot. Each slot can accommodate an
option card. You can buy option cards from authorized
Epson dealers as well as other vendors.

This section explains how to install option cards in your
computer. If you need to remove an option card later (to
access jumpers, memory modules, or a math coprocessor), see

“Removing an Option Card” on page 5-16 for instructions.

Nate

After you install or remove an option card, see “Post­installation Setup” at the end of this chapter for
information about reconfiguring your computer.

The illustration below shows the four standard option slots
inside your computer.

option card slots

5-12

Installing and Removing Options

Slots 1 through 3 are designed for 16-bit option cards and
slot 4 is designed for an 8-bit card. As you can see below, a

16-bit card has an extra connector along the bottom.

16-bit option card

8-bit option card

Usually it does not matter which slot an option card occupies
as long as the card fits in the slot. For example, you can place
some 8-bit cards in a 16-bit slot. However, you must follow
these guidelines when deciding which slot to use:

01

An 8-bit card with an additional tab along the bottom
must go into an 8-bit slot.

D

If you install a disk drive controller card, place the card as
close as possible to the drive it is controlling.

0

Some option cards must be installed in a specific slot.
Consult the instructions that come with the card to see if

this is the case.

Installing and Removing Options

5-13

Follow these steps to install an option card:

1.

If you have not already done so, remove the cover from
the computer. (See page 5-2 for instructions.)

WARNING

After you remove the cover, touch the inside back
panel of the computer to ground yourself and avoid an
electric shock.

2.

If you are installing an option card that controls a mouse,
you need to change the setting of jumper J4 on the main
system board before you install the card. If you install a
display adapter card, you may need to change the
settings of jumpers J1, J3, and J5. See page 5-7 for
instructions.

3.

Remove the retaining screw from the top of the metal
option slot cover; hold on to the screw so it doesn’t fall
into the computer. Lift out the slot cover.

8

I

5-14

Keep the screw to secure the option card to the computer.
Store the slot cover in a safe place in case you remove the
option card later.

Installing and Removing Options

Unpack the option card and adjust any switches or

4.
jumpers on it, if necessary. (Check the option card
instructions.) When you handle the card, be careful not

to touch any of the components on the circuit board or

the gold-edged connectors. If you need to set it down
before you install it, place it gently on top of its original
packing material with the component side facing up.
Keep the packing materials in case you remove the card
later.

Grip the card firmly by the top corners and make sure the

5.
connectors point down, as shown below.

Insert the card into the slot, guiding it straight down.

6.
Once the connectors reach the slot, push the card
downward firmly (but carefully) to insert it fully. You
should feel the card fit into place.

If the card does not go in smoothly, do not force it; pull
it all the way out and try again, keeping it straight as you
insert it. Examine the card to verify that it is fully seated
in the slot along the length of the connector.

Installing and Removing Options

5-15

7.

Secure the end of the card to the back of the computer

with the retaining screw.

8

8.

Follow the instructions at the end of this chapter to
replace the cover. Then see “Post-installation Setup,”
following that section.

Removing an Option Card

If you need to remove an option card, follow these steps:

1.

First, remove the cover from the computer. See page 5-2
for instructions.

2.

Remove the screw securing the card to the back of the
computer and pull it straight up and out of the slot.
Either set the card aside by placing it gently on a soft
surface with the component side facing up or carefully
wrap the card, preferably with the original packing
materials, and place it inside its box for safe storage.

3.

Cover the option slot opening with the original metal
cover and secure it with the retaining screw.

5-16

Installing and Removing Options