Metal or ceramic thermowells
For high temperature assemblies TAF11 and TAF16
Adjustable process connection
Application
TWF11
• Applicable for steel treatment (annealing), concrete
furnaces and primaries. Accessory for high
temperature assembly TAF11.
TWF16
• Applicable for cement production, steel treatment,
incinerators and fluidized bed furnaces. Accessory for
high temperature assembly TAF16.
Process temperatures:
• TWF11 up to +1600 °C (+2912 °F)
• TWF16 up to +1700 °C (+3092 °F)
Your benefits
• Long lifetime by usage of innovative thermowell
materials with increased wear and chemical resistance
• Long term stable measurement due to sensor
protection with non-porous materials
• Replaceable parts
TI01015T/09/en
71131970
TWF11, TWF16
Performance characteristics
Operating conditionsProcess temperature
Depends on material, details see section ’Material’.
Process pressure
Depends on material.
Thermowells in high temperature applications are generally designed for use in pressureless processes.
Available process connections can be gastight up to 1 bar, details ä 5.
Permitted flow rate as a function of immersion length
Depends on material and application. For process pressures 1 bar and a flow rate 1 m/s it is recommended
to order a thermowell stress calculation, please contact your nearest Endress+Hauser sales organisation.
MaterialThe temperatures for continuous operation specified in the following table are only intended as reference values
for use of the various materials in air and without any significant compressive load. The maximum operation
temperatures are reduced considerably in some cases where abnormal conditions such as high mechanical load
occur or in aggressive media.
Endress+Hauser supplies DIN/EN threaded process connections and flanges made of stainless steel according
to AISI 316L (DIN/EN material number 1.4404 or 1.4435). With regard to their temperature stability
properties, the materials 1.4404 and 1.4435 are grouped under 13E0 in EN 1092-1 Tab. 18. The chemical
composition of the two materials can be identical.
Material name Short formRecommended
max. temperature
for continuous use
in air
AISI 316L/
1.4404
1.4435
AISI 310/
1.4841
AISI 304/
1.4301
AISI 446/
~1.4762/
~1.4749
INCONEL
/ 2.4816
INCONEL
/ 2.4851
X2CrNiMo17-12-2
X2CrNiMo18-14-3
X15CrNiSi25-201100 °C (2012 °F)• Austenitic, stainless steel
X5CrNi18-10850 °C (1562 °F)• Austenitic, stainless steel
X10CrAl24 /
X18CrNi24
®
600
NiCr15Fe1100 °C (2012 °F)• A nickel/chromium alloy with very good resistance to aggressive, oxidizing and reducing
®
601
NiCr23Fe1200 °C (2192 °F)• High temperature corrosion resistance enhanced by aluminum content
650 °C (1200 °F)
1100 °C (2012 °F)• A ferritic, heat resistant, high-chromium stainless steel
Properties
1)
• Austenitic, stainless steel
• High corrosion resistance in general
• Particularly high corrosion resistance in chlorine-based and acidic, non-oxidizing atmospheres
through the addition of molybdenum (e.g. phosphoric and sulfuric acids, acetic and tartaric acids
with a low concentration)
• Increased resistance to intergranular corrosion and pitting
• Compared to 1.4404, 1.4435 has even higher corrosion resistance and a lower delta ferrite
content
• Good resistance to oxidizing and reducing atmospheres
• Due to the higher chromium content well resistant to oxidizing aqueous solution and neutral
salts melting at higher temperatures
• Only weakly resistant to sulphurous gases
• Well usable in water and lowly pollute waste water
• Only at relatively low temperatures resistant to organic acids, saline solutions, sulphates, alcaline
solutions, etc.
• Very high resistance to reducing sulphurous gases and salts with low content of oxygen
• Very good resistance to constant as well as cyclical thermal stress, to incineration ash-corrosion
and to melts of copper, lead and tin
• Poorly resistant to gases containing nitrogen
atmospheres, even at high temperatures
• Resistant to corrosion caused by chlorine gas and chlorinated media as well as many oxidizing
mineral and organic acids, sea water etc.
• Corrodible by ultrapure water
• Not to be used in a sulfur-containing atmosphere
• Resistance to oxide spalling and carburization under thermal cycling
• Good resistance against molten salt corrosion
• Particularly susceptible to sulfidation
2Endress+Hauser
TWF11, TWF16
Material name Short formRecommended
Properties
max. temperature
for continuous use
in air
INCOLOY®800
HT / 1.4959
X8NiCrAlTi32-211100 °C (2012 °F)• A nickel/chromium/iron alloy based on the same composition as INCOLOY®800, but has
significantly higher creep rupture strength, resultant from the close control of the carbon,
aluminum and titatinium contents.
• Good strength and excellent resistance to oxidation and carburization at high temperature
environments.
• Good resistance to stress corrosion cracking, attack by sulfur, internal oxidation, scaling and
corrosion in a multitude of industrial environments. Suitable for sulfurous environments.
HASTELLOY
/ 2.4665
®
X
NiCr22Fe18Mo1150 °C (2102 °F)• A nickel/chromium/iron/molybdenum alloy
• Very resistant to oxidizing and reducing atmospheres
• Good strength and ductility at high temperatures
Kanthal AFFeCrAl1400 °C (2552 °F)• A high-temperature ferritic iron/chrominum/aluminum alloy
• High resistance to sulfurous, carburizing and oxidising environments
• Good hardness and weldability
• Good form stability at high temperature
• Not to be used in a chloride-containing atmosphere and nitrogenous gases (cracked ammonia)
Special nickel/
cobalt alloy
NiCo1200 °C (2192 °F)• A nickel/cobalt alloy
• Very good resistance to sulfidation and chloride environment
• Exceptionally good resistance to oxidation, hot corrosion, carburization, metal dusting, and
nitridation
• Good creep resistance
• Average surface hardness
• High wear resistance
Recommended applications
• Cement industry
– gas standpipe: successfully tested with up to 20 times longer lifespan compared to AISI310
– clincker cooler: successfully tested with up to 5 times longer lifespan compared to AISI310
• Waste incinerators: successfully tested with up to 12 times longer lifespan than INCONEL
and C276)
• Fluidized bed furnace (biogas reactor): successfully tested with up to 5 times longer lifespan than
e.g. INCOLOY
®
800HT or INCONEL® 600.
Ceramic material types according to DIN VDE0335
C6101500 °C (2732 °F)• Al
-content approx. 60 %, alkali-content 3 %
2O3
• The most economic non porous ceramic material
• Highly resistant to hydrogen fluoride, temperature shocks and mechanical influences, normally
used for internal and external thermowells as well as insulators
Sinterized silicon
carbide
SiC1650 °C (3000 °F)• High thermal shock resistance due to its porosity
• Good thermal conductivity
• Very hard and stable at high temperature
Recommended applications
• Glass industry: glass feeders, float glass production
• Ceramic industry
• Furnaces
Kanthal SuperMoSi
with a glass
2
phase component
1700 °C (3092 °F)• It is not affected by thermal shock
• Very low porosity (< 1%) and very high hardness
• Not to be used in environments with chlorine and fluorine compounds
• Not suitable for mechanical shock affected applications
• Not to be used in applications with powder
Special silicon
nitride ceramic
SiN1400 °C (2552 °F)• Excellent wear and thermal shock resistance
• No porosity
• Good heat response
• Not resistant to impacts (brittleness)
Recommended applications
• Cement industry
– Cyclone preheater: successfully tested with up to 5 times longer lifespan compared to AISI310
– Secondary airpipe
• Generally all applications with extreme abrasive conditions; mechanical shocks/impacts have to
be avoided because of brittleness
®
600
1) Can be used to a limited extent up to 800 °C (1472 °F) for low compressive loads and in non-corrosive media. Please contact your Endress+Hauser sales team
for further information.
Endress+Hauser3
Mechanical construction
Lg
Lm
Ø Lm
Ø Lg
Lg
ØT
Ø
i
TWF11
TWF16
L2
Lg
ØT
Ø
i
C
C
C
A
B
Design, dimensionsAll dimensions in mm (in).
TWF11, TWF16
TWF11
Sheath diameter
Sleeve length
Sleeve diameter
Length bar stock tip
Immersion length
Thermowell outer diameter
Thermowell inner diameter
CLgTerminal head connection:
M24x1.5 or groove for DIN A head
Immersion length
TWF16
A
Version thermowell made from tube
B
Version thermowell made from tube
and bar stock tip
Terminal head connection:
C
M24x1.5 or groove for DIN A head
Thermowell
• Metallic thermowell, usually machined from tubes or bars.
Ø Lg
Lm
Ø Lm
L2
Lg
ØT
Øi
• Ceramic thermowell.
The selection of the thermowell materials majorly depends on the following material properties, which will
directly influence the lifetime of the sensor:
• Hardness
• Chemical resistance
• Maximum operating temperature
• Wear/abrasion resistance
• Brittleness
• Porosity for process gases
• Creep resistance
Ceramic materials are commonly used for highest temperatures and, due to their hardness, for applications
with high abrasion rates. Attention has to be paid regarding the brittleness of these materials when exposed to
high mechanical loads inside the process. When using porous ceramics as external protection sheath, an
additional, non-porous inner protection sheath has to be used in order to protect the noble sensor elements
from contamination leading to temperature drifts.
4Endress+Hauser
a0015111
TWF11, TWF16
Metal alloys generally show higher mechanical resistance but lower maximum temperature limits and less
abrasion resistance. All metal alloys are non-porous and usually there is no need for an additional inner
protection sheath.
Metal sleeve and process connection
The TWF11 ceramic thermowells are mounted into a metal sleeve which connects them towards the terminal
head. Also the process connection is fitted on the metal sleeve due to its higher mechanical strength. The
dimensions and material type for the sleeve are related to the process temperatures and immersion lengths of
the ceramic thermowells.
All high temperature thermowells are available with an adjustable flange, stop flanges or gas tight compression
fittings.
WeightDepending on length and diameter. Some examples:
• TWF11:
Material SiC or SiN, Ø Lg = 17 mm (0.7 in), Lg = 800 mm (31.5 in), Lm = 300 mm (11.8 in), material
sleeve: AISI 310): 0.8 kg (1.8 lbs)
• TWF16:
Material SiN, Ø A = 26 mm (1.02 in), Lg = 800 mm (31.5 in): 1.4 kg (3.1 lbs)
Material Kanthal AF, Lg = 1000 mm (39.4 in): 0.6 kg (1.3 lbs)
Material NiCo, ¾" schedule 40s, Lg = 1000 mm (39.4 in): 1.9 kg (4.2 lbs)
Process connection
Type
Adjustable flange
Stop flange according to DIN EN 50446
• Max. temperature: +350 °C (+662 °F)
• Material: Aluminum
• Ø depends on sleeve (TWF11) or thermowell pipe (TWF16) diameter
• No gas tight connection
a0015177
• Max. temperature: +400 °C (+752 °F)
• Material: Cast iron
• No gas tight connection
• Counter flange and gasket is not provided
d2 in mm (in) a in mm (in)c in mm (in)clampable sleeve
OrientationVertical and horizontal installation. A vertical installation should be preferred due to possible irreversible
bending of metal tubes and the brittleness of the ceramic materials, which could be hit by falling parts.
Installation instructionsRecommended maximum immersion length Lg for horizontal mounting:
• 1500 mm (59 in) for diameter > 20 mm (0.8 in)
• 1200 mm (47.3 in) for diameter < 20 mm (0.8 in)
!
Note!
When installing longer lengths than the recommended maximum in horizontal position, the thermowell might
be bend irreversibly under its own weight in the hot environment.
Installation of ceramic sheaths
Thermowells made of ceramic (especially gas tight) are sensitive to fast temperature changes: in order to reduce
the risk of thermal shock and prevent the sheaths from failure, gas tight ceramic sheaths must be heated before
installation. Two possibilities are applicable:
• Installation with pre-heating
When the process is already operating at its running conditions at about 1000 °C (1832 °F) or more, the
ceramic part of the thermowell must be pre-heated from room temperature to 400 °C (752 °F). It is
suggested to use a horizontal, cylindrical cross-section oven or cover the ceramic part with electric heating
elements. Do not use direct flames.
It is suggested to pre-heat the ceramic sheath in situ and then proceed immediately with the insertion. The
measuring system shall be installed carefully with an insertion rate of 100 mm/min, avoiding any mechanical
shock. If it is not possible to run the pre-heating phase near the plant, the insertion rate must be lowered to
30 mm/min because of the cooling of the system during the transportation.
• Installation without pre-heating
If the process is running at its working temperature, the thermowell shall be installed inserting the ceramic
sheath in the plant for a length equal to the wall thickness (including the insulation material) and left in that
position for 2 hours.
After this time, the device shall be installed at a rate of 30 mm/min avoiding any mechanical shock. At
process temperature < 80 °C (176 °F) it is not necessary to consider any insertion rate. It is recommended
to avoid any impact or collision among the ceramic sheath and the components of the plant.
6Endress+Hauser
TWF11, TWF16
Certificates and approvals
CE MarkThe device meets the legal requirements of the EC directives if applicable. Endress+Hauser confirms that the
device has been successfully tested by applying the CE mark.
Other standards and
guidelines
DIN EN 50446: Straight thermocouple assembly with metal or ceramic protection tube and accessories,
including terminal heads
PED approvalThe thermowells comply with paragraph 3.3 of the Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/CE) and are not
marked separately.
Ordering information
This information provides an overview of the order options available. The information is not exhaustive,
however, and may not be fully up to date. More detailed information is available from your local
Endress+Hauser representative.
Product structure TWF11
Thermowell TWF11 - High temperature, max. 1600 °C (2912 °F)