EM MICROELECTRONIC EM4450, EM4550 User Manual

EM MICROELECTRONIC - MARIN SA

EM4450 EM4550

1 KBit Read/Write Contactless Identification Device

Description

The EM4450/4550 is a CMOS integrated circuit intended for use in electronic Read/Write RF Transponders. The difference between EM4450 and EM4550 is that EM4550 are bumped and has megapads for the two coils. The chip contains 1 KBit of EEPROM which can be configured by the user, allowing a write inhibited area, a read protected area, and a read area output continuously at power on. The memory can be secured by using the 32 bit password for all write and read protected operations. The password can be updated, but never read. The fixed code serial number and device identification are laser programmed making every chip unique.

The EM4450/4550 will transmit data to the transceiver by modulating the amplitude of the electromagnetic field, and receive data and commands in a similar way. Simple commands will enable to write EEPROM, to update the password, to read a specific memory area, and to reset the logic.

The coil of the tuned circuit is the only external component required, all remaining functions are integrated in the chip.

Features

 1 KBit of EEPROM organized in 32 words of 32 bits

 32 bit Device Serial Number (Read Only Laser ROM)

 32 bit Device Identification (Read Only Laser ROM)

 Power-On-Reset sequence

 Power Check for EEPROM write operation

 User defined Read Memory Area at Power On

 User defined Write Inhibited Memory Area

 User defined Read Protected Memory Area

 Data Transmission performed by Amplitude Modulation

 Two Data Rate Options 2 KBd (Opt64) or 4 KBd (Opt32)

 Bit Period = 64 or 32 periods of field frequency

 170 pF ± 2% on chip Resonant Capacitor

 -40 to +85°C Temperature range

 100 to 150 kHz Field Frequency range

 On chip Rectifier and Voltage Limiter

 No external supply buffer capacitance needed due to

low power consumption

 Available in chip form for mass production and PCB and

CID package for samples.

Typical Operating Configuration

Coil2

EM4450

Coil1

Typical value of inductance at 125 kHz is 9.6 mH

Applications

 Ticketing

 Automotive Immobilizer with rolling code

 High Security Hands Free Access Control

 Industrial automation with portable database

 Manufacturing automation

 Prepayment Devices

Fig.1

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Block Diagram

EM4450 EM4550

coil2

coil1

System Principle

Modulator Encoder

AC/DC

converter

Clo ck

Ex t r ac t o r

Data

Ex t r ac t o r

Voltage

Regu lato r

Sequencer

Command

Po w e r

Control

Dec oder

ROM

EEPROM

Res et

Write Enable

Control

Logic

Fig. 2

Data to be sent

to transponder

Osc illator

Dat a

Dec od er

Data rece ive d

from

transponder

Sig nal on

Tr ansceiver coi l

Sig nal on

Tr ansponder coil

RF Carrier

Transceiver

Mo du la to r

Antenna

Filte r &

Gain

Driv er

RECEIVE M ODE

Data

Demodulator

Transponder

Coil 1

EM4450

Sig nal on

Tr ansponder coi l

Sig nal on

Transceiver coil

RF Carrier

Coil 2

READ M ODE

Data

Fig. 3

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EM4450

EM4550

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter Symbol Conditions

Maximum AC peak Current induced on COIL1 and COIL2 Power Supply Maximum Voltage other pads Minimum Voltage other pads Storage temperature T Electrostatic discharge maximum to MIL-STD-883C method 3015

Stresses above these listed maximum ratings may cause permanent damages to the device. Exposure beyond specified operating conditions may affect device reliability or cause malfunction.

Handling Procedures

This device has built-in protection against high static voltages or electric fields; however, anti-static precautions must be taken as for any other CMOS component. Unless otherwise specified, proper operation can only occur when all terminal voltages are kept within the voltage range. Unused inputs must always be tied to a defined logic voltage level.

V V V

COIL

max

min

store

ESD

± 30 mA

-0.3 to 3.5 V +0.3V

VSS-0.3V

-55 to +125°C

2000V

Operating Conditions

Parameter Symbol Min Max Unit

Operating Temperature T Maximum coil current I AC Voltage on Coil V Supply Frequency f

COIL

-40 +85 °C

coil

100 150 kHz

coil

10 mA

note 1

note 1: Maximum voltage is defined by forcing 10mA on Coil1 - Coil2.

Electrical Characteristics

VDD =2.5V, VSS =0V , f

Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

Supply Voltage V Minimum EEPROM write voltage Power Check EEPROM write I Supply current / read I Suppy current / write I

Modulator ON voltage drop V

Monoflop T Resonance Capacitor C Powercheck level V Power On Reset level high V Clock extractor input min. Clock extractor input max. EEPROM data endurance N EEPROM retention T

= 125 kHz Sine wave , V

coil

DDee

PWcheck

mono

PWcheck

prh

clkmin

clkmax

ret

Max. Voltage to detect modulation stop

Top = 55°C after 100'000 cycles (note 2) 10 years

= 1Vpp , Top = 25°C , unless otherwise specified

coil

2.3 3.2 V

VDD = 2.8V 32

Read Mode 3

Write mode (VDD = 2.8V) 22

(COIL1 - VSS)

& V

(COIL2 - VSS) Icoil

& V

(COIL2 - VSS) Icoil

= 100µA

= 5 mA

0.50

2.50

35 85

166.6 170 173.4 pF

22.7V

Rising Supply 1 1.5 V

Minimum Voltage for Clock Extraction

0.25 25

Erase all / Write all at VDD = 3.5 V 100'000 cycles

µA µA µA

V V

µs

note 2: Based on 1000 hours at 150°C

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EM4450 EM4550

Timing Characteristics

VDD =2.5V, VSS=0V , f All timings are derived from the field frequency and are specified as a number of RF periods..

Parameter Symbol Conditions Value Unit

Option : 64 clocks per bit Read Bit Period t LIW/ACK/NACK pattern duration t Read 1 Word Duration t Processing Pause Time t Write Access Time t Initialization Time t EEPROM write time t Option : 32 clocks per bit Read Bit Period t LIW/ACK/NACK pattern duration t Read 1 Word Duration t Processing Pause Time t Write Access Time t Initialization Time t EEPROM write time t

RF periods represent periods of the carrier frequency emitted by the transceiver unit. For example, if 125 kHz is used : The Read bit period (Opt64) would be : 1/125'000*64 = 512 µs, and the time to read 1 word : 1/125'000*3200 = 25.6 ms. The Read bit period (Opt32) would be : 1/125'000*32 = 256 µs, and the time to read 1 word : 1/125'000*1600 = 12.8 ms.

= 125 kHz Sine wave, V

coil

Opt64

rdb

patt

rdw

init

wee

Opt32

rdb

patt

rdw

init

wee

= 1Vpp , Top = 25°C unless otherwise specified

coil

64 RF periods

320 RF periods

including LIW 3200 RF periods

64 RF periods 64 RF periods

2112 RF periods

VDD = 3V 3200 RF periods

32 RF periods

160 RF periods

including LIW 1600 RF periods

32 RF periods 32 RF periods

1056 RF periods

VDD = 3V 2624 RF periods

ATTENTION Due to amplitude modulation of the coil-signal, the clock-extractor may miss clocks or add spurious clocks close to the edges of the RF-envelope. This desynchronisation will not be larger than ±3 clocks per bit and must be taken into account when developing reader software.

Functional Description

General

The EM4450/4550 is supplied by means of an electromagnetic field induced on the attached coil. The AC voltage is rectified in order to provide a DC internal supply voltage. When the DC voltage crosses the Power-On level, the chip enters the Standard Read Mode and sends data continuously. The data to be sent in this mode is user defined by storing the first and last addresses to be output. When the last address is sent, the chip will continue with the first address until the transceiver sends a request. In the read mode, a Listen Window (LIW) is generated before each word. During this time, the EM4450/4550 will turn to the Receive Mode (RM) if it receives a valid RM pattern. The chip then expects a valid command.

Mode of Operation

Po w e r - On

Ini t

Standard

Ge t Comma n d

Read Mode

Execute Command

Rec eiv e

Mode

request ?

YESNO

Write Word

Write Password

Selective Read

Send w ord

Reset

Fig. 4

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EM4450 EM4550

Memory Organisation

The 1024 bit EEPROM is organised in 32 words of 32 bits. The first three words are assigned to the Password, the Protection word, and the Control word. In order to write one of these three words, it is necessary to send the valid password. At fabrication, the EM4450/4550 comes with all bits of the password programmed to a logic "0". The Password cannot be read out. The memory contains two extra words of Laser ROM. These words are laser programmed during fabrication for every chip, are unique and cannot be altered.

Memory Map

Bit 0 ------------------------------ Bit 31

Word 0 PASSWORD EE

PROTECTION WORD EE 0 – 7 First Word Read 0 – 7 First Word Read Protected

CONTROL WORD EE 8 – 15 Last Word Read 8 – 15 Last Word Read Protected

928 Bits of USER 17 Read After Write On/Off 24 – 31 Last Word Write Inhibited

EEPROM 18 – 31 User available

31 32 DEVICE SERIAL NUMBER Laser Write Only – No Read Access 33 DEVICE IDENTIFICATION Laser On means bit set to logic '1'

EE 16 Password Check On/Off 16 – 23 First Word Write Inhibited

Control Word Protection Word

Password

Device Identification Word &

Off means bit set to logic '0'

Serial Number Word

Laser Programmed – Read only

Fig.5

Standard Read Mode

After a Power-On-Reset and upon completion of a command, the chip will execute the Standard Read Mode, in which it will send data continuously, word by word from the memory section defined between the First Word Read (FWR) and Last Word Read (LWR). When the last word is output, the chip will continue with the first word until the transceiver sends a request. If FWR and LWR are the same, the same word will be sent repetitively. The Listen Window (LIW) is generated before each word to check if the transceiver is sending data. The LIW has a duration of 320 (160 opt 32) periods of the RF field. FWR and LWR have to be programmed as valid addresses (FWR ≤ LWR and ≤ 33). The words sent by the EM4450/4550 comprise 32 data bits and parity bits. The parity bits are not stored in the EEPROM, but generated while the message is sent as described below. The parity is even for rows and columns, meaning that the total number of "1's" is even (including the parity bit).

Word organisation (Words 0 to 33)

First bit output

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 P0

D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 P1

D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 P2

D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 P3

PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 0

Column Even Partiy

Data Row Even Parity

Last bit output

logic '0'

Fig. 6

When a word is read protected, the output will consist of 45 bits set to logic "0". The password has to be used to output correctly a read protected memory area.

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EM MICROELECTRONIC EM4450, EM4550 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual