D-Link DI-1750, DI-2621, DI-2630, DI-3660 Reference Manual

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Router

Command Line Interface

Reference Manual

For DI-1750/DI-2621/DI-2630/DI-3660

Rev. 2 (August 2004)

RECYCLABLE

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Command Line Interface Reference Manual

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Table of Content

1. Prepare for Configuration.................................................................................................................................................1

2. Configure System Monitor Status.....................................................................................................................................4

3. Interface Configuration.....................................................................................................................................................8

4. Basic configuration.........................................................................................................................................................38

5. WANs Configuration.......................................................................................................................................................56

6. IP section of network protocol configuration.................................................................................................................146

7. Configure multicast-group route...................................................................................................................................297

8. Security Configuration..................................................................................................................................................333

9. QoS Configuration........................................................................................................................................................383

10. Dialer Configuration....................................................................................................................................................426

11. Reliability Configuration..............................................................................................................................................442

12. IP Voice Configuration Task List ................................................................................................................................455

13. Configure IVR.............................................................................................................................................................478

14. IBM Networking Configuration....................................................................................................................................487

15. VPDN configuration....................................................................................................................................................506

16. Bridge configuration....................................................................................................................................................525

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1. Prepare for Configuration

1.1 Preparation

In this section, we will introduce the necessary information for the first time configuration of Router, which includes port numbering, introduction of operation and command line interface before start.

1.2 Port Number

The number of the Router’s physical port is in the form of <type><slot>/<port>, following is the relation table of the type and it’s name.

Type Of Interface Name Of Type Shortened Form

Serial Port Serial s

Synchronous Port Serial s

Asynchronous Port/Aux

Async a

10M Ethernet Ethernet e

100M Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet f

ISDN BRI BRI b

E1(ISDN PRI) Serial s

The values of slots have fixed numbers for the WIC/VIC extended slot. The method is that the right to left numbering for horizontal and up to down for vertical. Zero is the fixed value as standard configuration. The others values are numbered according to sequence above and start from 1 even network extended slot or voice extended slot.

The values of port are wholly numbered form right to left and start from0. If there’s only one port, it will be tagged as 0.

According to the rules above, the number for each series of product is listed as follows:

Product

Model

Configuration Number

Standard Config 10\100M Ethernet Interface FastEthernet0/0

Standard Config Aux Interface Async0/0

DI-1750

Interface Card Slot

From right to left in turn is slot1~2 Network/Voice Interface Slot：slot1&slot2

Interface Card Slot From right to left in turn is slot1~2

Standard Config 10\100M Ethernet Interface FastEthernet0/0

DI-2621

Standard Config Aux Interface Async0/0

DI-3660

Interface Card Slot

There are 3 rows of slots，the lowest row is slot1~2(from right to left) ； the middle is slot3~4(from right to left)；the above row is

slot5~6(from right to left).

Notice:

Please number the combination ards and modules in the sequence of from right to left; For the supported types of NM，WIC

，

FIC slot modules or interface cards, please refer to Hardware Description.

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1.3 Before Start

Please confirm the following steps before power on the router for configuration:

(1) Set up Router’s hardware according to the requirement of User Manual

(2)

Configure the PC terminal emulation program

(3) For Internet Protocol (IP), decide:

· Layout of IP addresses

· Which WAN (Wide Area Network) protocols (egg. Frame Relay、HDLC、X.25) are to be used on each port.

1.4 Get Help

ls command and its -1 option can help to input the commands:

♦

Type in 1s command to display the list of currently available commands

[DEFAULT@Router /]#ls

♦

Type in ls –l command to display the list of currently available commands and the brief

introduction

[DEFAULT@Router /]#ls -l

♦

Press Up direction key to display the formerly input commands. To display more commands please

continue to press the Up key.

1.5 Command Directory

The Router user interface includes various directories, each of them enable you to configure different components on the Router. The currently available command relies on the location of your command directory. Type in the 1s command to display the available command list under each command directory. The following table lists the frequently used commands:

Command Directory Entry Method Interface Promote Quit Method

System Monitor Directory

Power on the device and input “”Ctrl+Break

monitor# By quit command

User Directory Log in [DEFAULT@Route

r/]#

By exit or quit command

Management Directory Input “cd enable”

command under the User Directory

[DEFAULT@Route r#enable/]#

By cd.. command

Global Configuration Directory

Input “cd config” command under the Management Directory

[DEFAULT@Route r/config/]#

Use cd.. command to return to the Management Directory

Each command directory has a limit to use the subset of commands. If you have a problem when inputting the command, please check the prompt and input 1s command to obtain available commands list.

Please notify the new command directory that displayed by the change of interface prompt in the following example：

[DEFAULT@Router/]# cd enable Password: <enter password> [DEFAULT@Router/enable/]# cd config [DEFAULT@Router/config/]# cd .. [DEFAULT@Router/enable/]# cd ..

[DEFAULT@Router/]#

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1.6 Cancel A Command

If you want to cancel a command or restore it to default properties, you can select U or u option at prompt rightly after inputting most of the commands.

For example, when deleting a configured static route, please select the U option at prompt after inputting the ip command, and then select route option, finally, input the parameter values of the route that you are about to delete.

1.7 Saving Configuration

You may need to save the configuration changes, so that you can quickly restore the original configuration in case of the system rebooting or power off failure. Write command can be used for saving the configuration under the Management or Global Configuration Directory.

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2. Configure System Monitor Status

The following message will be displayed when switch on the Router (take DI-1750 for example):

D-Link Internetwork Operating System Software 1750 Series Software, Version 1.3.1D (FULL), RELEASE SOFTWARE Copyright (c) 2002 D-Link Corporation. Compiled: 2003-6-5 10:50:53 by HYZHU, Image text-base: 0x6004 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 0.2.3 Serial num:D301131000040, ID num:002430 System image file is "0605.bin"

Please wait system check ram......

At this time, please type in

“aaa”

to enter the System Monitor Status. The following display

Check ram OK

Welcome to D-Link Multi-Protocol 1700 Router monitor# Indicates the successful entry to the System Monitor Status.

Notice:

Since the System Monitor Status is with the highest authority, the incorrect operation may cause system Breakdown. Therefore, only the terminal connected to the console port is allowed to enter this status.

The user can handle the following tasks under the system monitor status:

(1) Management of file system, including add and delete a file. Since the router software and

configuration is saved as file forms, the user can update or delete the software and the configuration.

(2) Configure Ethernet IP addresses.

(3) Test the network connection by PING test.

(4) Start from a file manually.

The following is usage of the commands in detail under the system monitor status.

2.1 File System Commands

There are only as most as 20 characters in a FLASH file name, and not case-sensitive.

2.2 File System Command

The boldface parts of all commands are the key words, the others are parameters. The parts inside the [ ] are optional settings.

Command Description

format

Format the file system and delete all data.

dir

[file name] Display the file name and directory. The file name in [ ] displays a file that

begins with certain letters. The displayed form is as follows:

Index number file name <FILE> file length creation time

delete

filename Delete a file. It will be prompted if the file to be deleted does not exist.

2.2.1 Update Software

This command is used to download the router system software from local or remote sites, for the version update or customized version with special functions (eg. data encryption).

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There are two methods to update the software in the monitor status.

1. By TFTP Protocol

monitor#copy tftp<

:filename

> flash <

:filename

> [ip_addr]

This command is used to copy the file from tftp server to system flash memory. The system will prompt user to input the name of remote server and remote file upon typing the command.

Parameter Description

tftp<:filename> Indicates reading the files from the tftp server. “Filename” will indicate the relative filename, if not, the user will be prompted to input the filename after the “copy” command operates.

flash<:filename> Indicates writing a file into the router flash. The filename will indicate the relative filename, if not, the user will be prompted to input the filename after the “copy” command operates.

ip_addr

The IP address of tftp server. If it is not specified, the user will be prompted to input the

filename after the “copy” command operates.

Example

Read the file named “main.bin” in the TFTP server and write it into Router as “router.bin”

monitor#copy tftp flash:router.bin Prompt: Remote-server ip address[]?192.168.0.116 Prompt: Name of remote file to read[]?main.bin TFTP:successfully receive 36 blocks ,18370 bytes

monitor#

2. By SLIP zmodem

Update the software with “

download

” command. Input “

download ?

” to obtain help.

monitor#download c0 <local_filename>

This command is used to copy a file to the system flash memory through SLIP zmodem. The system will prompt to input the port rate upon inputting the command.

Parameter Description

local_filename A file name stored in the flash memory. The user must input the filename.

Example

The terminal program can use the Hyper Terminal program of WINDOWS 95，NT 4.0 or terminal emulation program of WINDOWS 3.X.

monitor#download c0 router.bin

Prompt:

speed[9600]?115200

Then modify the rate to 115200. After reconnection, select Send File in the Send menu of a hyper terminal (terminal emulation), as the following graph:

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Figuer 2-1

Input the full path of Router software

main.bin

provided by this company in the filename input box, and

choose Zmodem for the protocol. Press “Send” button to send the file.

When completing sending the file, the following message will appear:

ZMODEM:successfully receive 36 blocks ,18370 bytes monitor#

That means the successful update of the software.

2.2.2 Update Configuration

The Router configuration is saved as a file, named

startup-config

, which can be updated by a

command that resembles the software update command.

A．By TFTP protocol

monitor#copy tftp flash:startup-config

B．By SLIP zmodem.

monitor#download c0 flash:startup-config

2.3 Configure Ethernet IP Address

monitor#ip address <ip_addr> <net_mask>

This command is to configure the Ethernet IP address. The system default is

192.168.0.1,

subnet

mask

255.255.255.0.

Parameter Description

ip_addr Ethernet IP address

net_mask Ethernet network mask

Example

monitor#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

2.4 Configure The Default Route

monitor#ip route default <ip_addr>

This command is to configure the default route, and can configure only one route.

Parameter Description

ip_addr IP Address of the Gateway

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Example

monitor#ip route default 192.168.1.1

2.5 Test Network Connection By PING

monitor#ping <ip_address>

This command is used for testing the connecting status of the network.

Parameter Description

ip_address Destination IP address

Example

monitor#ping 192.168.0.100 Reply from 192.168.0.100 : data=48, time=10ms, ttl=128 Reply from 192.168.0.100 : data=48, time=10ms, ttl=128 Reply from 192.168.0.100 : data=48, time=10ms, ttl=128 Reply from 192.168.0.100 : data=48, time=10ms, ttl=128 4 packets sent, 4 packets received round-trip min/avg/max = 0/2/10 ms

2.6 Manually Boot From A File

monitor#boot flash <local_filename>

This command is for starting some router software in the flash memory. There may be several router softwares in a flash.

Parameter Desription

local_filename is the filename saved in the flash memory and must be input by user.

Example

monitor#boot flash router.bin

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3. Interface Configuration

3.1 Overview

By the information in this chapter to understand the types of interfaces supported on D-Link routers and to search configuration information for various types of interfaces.

For a complete description of the interface commands used in this and other chapters that describe interface configuration, refer to the "Interface Configuration Command" chapter. To search documentation of other commands that appear in this chapter, please see the related contents of user manual.

This chapter contains general information that applies to all interface types; it includes these sections:

3.1.1 Supported types of interface

Please see the following form to obtain correlative information about the type of interface.

Types of Interface Task Reference information

LAN interface Configure Ethernet interface

Configure FastEthernet interface

“Configure LAN interface“

Serial interface Configure Synchronous Serial interface

Configure low-speed Serial interface

“Configure Serial interface“

Logic interface Configure Loop-back interface

Configure Empty interface

Configure Dialup interface

Virtual template and virtual access interface

Multi-link interface

Tunnel interface

Sub-interface

“Configure Logic interface“

E1 interface Configure channelized E1 interface “Configure E1 interface“

PRI interface Configure PRI interface Configure PRI interface

BRI interface Configure BRI interface Configure BRI interface

DTU interface Configure DTU interface Configure DTU interface

MODEM interface Configure the asynchronous MODEM

interface

Configure the MODEM interface

Two types of interfaces are supported by D-Link router: physical and virtual interfaces. The types of physical interfaces on a device depend on its standard communication interface and the interface module equipped on the router. The virtual interfaces that D-Link routers and access servers support include sub-interface and logic interface. The sub-interface derived from physical interface. Please see Introduction of sub-interface for more details. The logic interface indicates the interface that created manually by user and without corresponding physical equipment.

Presently, the physical interfaces supported by D-Link Router that include:

♦

Ethernet

♦

FastEthernet

♦

Synchronous Serial

♦

Low-speed Serial

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♦

Asynchronous Serial

♦

Channelized E1

♦

ISDN PRI interface

♦

ISDN BRI interface

♦

DTU interface

♦

Asynchronous MODEM interface

Presently, the logic interface supported by D-Link Router are:

♦

Loop-back interface

♦

Empty interface

♦

Dialup interface

♦

Virtual template and virtual access interface

♦

Tunnel interface

♦

Sub-interface

3.2 Introduction of Interface Configuration

These following instructions apply to all interface configuration processes. Users should begin interface configuration in global configuration mode and follow these steps:

Use the command “

interface”

to begin to configure the related interface parameters. User can use

command “

show interface

” to display the interface. All the interfaces of the device will provide theirs

status as follows:

[DEFAULT@4_2750 /enable/]#

show

(00)alias alias for command

......

(19)interface interface status and configuration

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-45): 19 Input 17，choose “interface”，it will prompt： (00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface (03)Async Asynchronous interface (04)Null Null interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): 2

Input 2，choose “Serial”，the prompt will be：

Please input a interface name:

s1/0

Input the value of type、slot and port of the interface，it will display：

Serial 1/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Hardware is SCC Mode=Sync,Speed=64000 DTR=UP,DSR=DOWN,RTS=DOWN,CTS=DOWN,DCD=DOWN MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 kbit, DLY 20000 usec Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set Keepalive set(10 sec)

If you want to configure the serial interface 1/0, input the following content:

[DEFAULT@router /config/]#

interface

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface

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(03)Async Asynchronous interface (04)Null Null interface (05)Loopback Loopback interface (06)Tunnel Tunnel interface (07)Dialer Dialer interface (08)Multilink Multilink-group interface (09)Virtual-template Virtual template interface (10)Virtual-tunnel Virtual tunnel interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10):

Please input a interface name:

s1/0

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

In the interface configuration mode, it will wait for the user to input the “enter” string each time a configuration is performed. After input the “enter”, it will automatically display all the performable commands of the interface to provide to users.

Notice:

It is not necessary to add a space between the interface type and interface number. For example, in the preceding line you can specify either serial 10/0 or serial 0/0. The command will work by either way.

(1) The commands which define the protocols and applications to be implemented on the interface

can be configured under the current interface configuration mode. All sort of commands will exist until quit the interface configuration mode or switch to another interface.

(2) Once the configuration was completed, user is able to test the status of interface by the

command

show

that list in the section “Supervise and maintain interface“.

Notice:

Configuring channelized E1 interfaces requires additional steps. When you configure channelized T1or channelized E1, you must first define the channels and the time slots that comprise the channels. Use the commands of “controller E1” and “channel-group”, and then use “interface serial” to configure generated serial interface.

3.3 Introduction of Sub-interface

Configuring multiple sub-interfaces on a single physical interface allows greater flexibility and connectivity on the network. A sub-interface is a mechanism that allows a single physical interface to support multiple logical interfaces or networks. That is, several logical interfaces or networks can be associated with a single hardware interface. Sub-interfaces are implemented in various WAN protocols, including Frame Relay and X.25 protocol.

3.4 Configure public configuration of interface

The following section describes commands that executed on any type of interface and thereby configure the common configuration of interface. The common configuration of interface that available to be configured includes:

You can add a description about an interface to help you remember what is attached to it. This description is meant solely as a comment to help identify what the interface is being used for. The description will appear in the output of the following commands: “

show running-config

”, and “

show

interfaces

”. To add a description for any interface, use the following command in interface

configuration mode:

Command Purpose

description

string Add description to current interface configuration

Choose the item 9 of prompt and add the descriptions

Please see the “Example of interface description“ to get more examples of add description of interface.

3.4.1 Set bandwidth

The information of bandwidth is use to carry out the operational decision by upper layer protocol (ULP). Use following commands to set the bandwidth in the current interface:

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Command Purpose

bandwidth

kilobps Set the bandwidth for current configured interface

Choose the item 1 of prompt and set the bandwidth.

The bandwidth is only a parameter of route that did not affect the communication rate of actual physical interface.

3.4.2 Set timing delay

The information of timing delay is used to carry out the operational decision by upper layer protocol (ULP). Following commands set the timing delay in the current interface:

Command Purpose

delay

tensofmicroseconds Set the timing delay for current configured interface

Choose the item 8 of prompt and set the delay.

The setting of timing delay is only set a parameter of information. This configuration command cannot adjust the actual timimg delay of interface.

Each interface has a default maximum packet size or maximum transmission unit (MTU) size. This number generally defaults to 1500 bytes. On serial interfaces, the MTU size varies, but cannot be set smaller than 68 bytes. To adjust the maximum packet size, use the following command in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Mtu

bytes Set MTU for current configured interface

Choose the item 20 of prompt and set the value of MTU.

Supervise and maintain the interface

To supervise and maintain the interface by the tasks below:

Examine status of interface

D-Link Router supports the command that to display various information of interface, which is include the status of interface and version of hardware and software. Parts of interface supervising commands are listed in the form below. Please see the “Command of interface configuration“ for details.

Use following commands:

Command Purpose

show interface

[type slot/port] Display the status of interface

show running-config

Display current configuration

show version

Display setting of hardware, version of software, filename of

configuring file, source image and boot image.

To display interface status, input the command “show” to list all the parameters in global configuration contents:

(00)alias alias for command

......

(19)interface interface status and configuration

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-45): 19

Input 19, choose the item “interface” and it will prompt:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface

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(01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface (03)Async Asynchronous interface (04)Null Null interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): <cr>

Input the value of type, slot and port of the interface to be displayed:

To display the current configuration, input the command “

show

” to list all the parameters in the global

configuration contents:

(00)alias alias for command

......

(31)running-config current configuration

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-45): 31

Input 31,choose the item “running-config”，it will prompt：

(00)interface interface current configuration (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1

nput 1, it will display all the current configurations.

To display the hardware configuration, software version, name, source and boot image of the configuration documents, input the command “

show

” in the global configuration contents:

(00)alias alias for command

......

(41)version router version information

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-45): 41 Input 41，choose the item “version”，it will prompt： (00)all Show all module version information (01)module Specify module (02)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 0

Input 0，choose the item “all”，it will display all the information:

3.5 Initialize and delete interface

The logical interface can be created and dynamic deleted by user. The sub-interface and channelized interface are also can be dynamic deleted. Restore the default setting is available for the physical interface that cannot be dynamic deleted. Following commands apply to initialize and delete the interface in the global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Interface(undo)

type slot/port Initialize physical interface or delete virtual interface

Input the command “

interface

”，it will list all the parameters：

U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): u Input U or u, the prompt is： (00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface

......

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Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10):

Input the type, slot and port of the physical interface to be initialized or the virtual interface to be deleted.

3.6 Close and restart interface

Forbid an interface will cause the forbiddance of all the functions that use to assigned interface. Furthermore, the forbiddened interface will be display as unavailable interface for all the supervising commands. This message will be transfer to other Routers through dynamic route protocol. Modify of any route will not effect the interface. Stop an interface on the serial interface will cause the reduction of DTR signal.

Use following command to close interface in the configuring mode of interface and then restart:

Command Purpose

shutdown

Stop interface

Shutdown(default)

Restart interface

Please use the commands show

interface

and

show running-config

to check an interface to be

closed or not. In the command display of

show interface

, a closed interface will be displayed as

“administratively down”. Please see the “Example of stop interface“.

Example of interface configuring

Provide following example of configuring process:

Example of start interface

Following example describe that how to start the interface configuring on a serial interface. It encapsulates PPP protocol for serial interface 1/0.

interface serial 1/0 encapsulation ppp

Example of interface description

Following example explain that how to add the description of interface. The description will be presented with displaying of configuring file and interface command.

interface ethernet 1/1

description First Ethernet in network 1 ip address 192.168.1.23 255.255.255.0

Example of stop interface

Following example is of stop the Ethernet interface in port 1 of slot 1.

interface ethernet 1/1 shutdown

Following example is of restart interface

interface ethernet 1/1 shutdown(undo)

Following example is of stop an E1 channel

interface serial 1/3:23 shutdown

3.7 Configuring Interface

This chapter describes the processes for configuring interfaces. It contains these sections:

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Please see the “Interface Configuration Example” later in this chapter to get the examples of configuring task. For hardware technical descriptions and information about installing interfaces, refer to the hardware installation and configuration manual for your product. For a complete description of the LAN interface commands used in this chapter, refer to the "Interface configuration commands" chapter.

3.7.1 Configuring Ethernet Interface

In this section, we will describe the process of Ethernet interface configuring. D-Link Router supports the 10Mbps Ethernet interface and 100Mbps Fast Ethernet interface. The concrete configurations consist of following steps. The first step is prerequisite and others are optional.

1. Assign the interface of Ethernet or FastEthernet

Input the commands below in global configuring mode to enter the status of Ethernet interface configuring.

Command Function

interface ethernet

slot/port Enter the mode of Ethernet interface configuring

interface fastethernet

slot/port

Enter the mode of FastEthernet interface configuring

Input the command “

interface

”, it will list all the parameters:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 1

Input 1，choose the item “Ethernet”，it will prompt：

Please input a interface name:

Input the Ethernet, slot and port name:

Input 0 ，choose the item “Fast Ethernet”，it will display：

Please input a interface name:

Input the Fast Ethernet, slot and port name.

The command

show interface Ethernet

is use to display the status of Ethernet interface. The command

show

interface fastethernet

is use to display the status of FastEthernet interface.

2. Configure 100Mbps FastEthernet

The FastEthernet interface of D-Link Router supports the rate of 10Mbps / 100Mbps and the Router, Hub and Swithces with 100BaseT or 10BaseT interface. The FastEthernet interface support the adaptation with the rate of 10Mbps and 100Mbps. Furthermore, the FastEthernet is able to adopt the suitable rate of communication, which is according to the connected equipment. Following is the process of configuration that starts from management mode:

参数参数说明

Command Function

cd configure

Enter the content of global configuration

interface fastethernet

slot/port

Enter the FastEthernet interface

ip address

address subnet-mask

Set IP address and subnet mask on interface

Step 1:

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Input the command “cd config” to enter the global configuration mode.

Step 2:

Input the command “interface”, list all the parameters:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 0

Input 0，choose the item “fast Ethernet”, it will prompt：

Please input a interface name:

Input the fast ethernet, slot and port name.

Step 3：

Choose the item 20 of prompt, it will list all the parameters:

(00)access-group Specify access control for packets (01)address IP address (02)beigrp Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-19): 1

Input 1，choose the item “address”, it will prompt：

(00)A.B.C.D IP address (01)dhcp IP Address negotiated via DHCP Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0

Input 0，choose the item “A.B.C.D”, the prompt is ：

Please input a IP Address:

Input the IP address, it will prompt：

Please input a IP Address:

Input the mask.

3.7.2 Configure the rate of FastEthernet

The rate of FastEthernet executed through self-negotiation as well as configuration on interface.

参数参数说明

Command Function

Speed {10|100|auto

} Set the rate of FastEthernet as 10M, 100M or self-negotiation.

speed (default

) Restore the default setting with the rate is self-negotiation.

Choose the item 35 of prompt, it will display that:

U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)10 Set 10-Mbps (01)100 Set 100-Mbps (02)auto Set auto-speed Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2):

Input 0 to set the speed as 10M.

Input D or d, it will come back to default settings.

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3.7.3 Duplex configuration mode of FastEthernet

The duplex mode of FastEthernet executed through self-negotiation as well as configuration on interface.

Command Function

duplex half

Set the operational mode of FastEthernet as half-duplex.

duplex full

Set the operational mode of FastEthernet as full-duplex.

Duplex(default)

Restore the default setting as self-negotiation.

Choose the item 13 of prompt, it will display that:

U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)full Force full duplex operation (01)half Force half duplex operation

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):

Input 1, choose the item “half” can set it into half-duplex mode. Input 0, choose the item “full” can set it into full-duplex mode.

Input D or d, it will come back to default settings.

3.7.4 Configure Ethernet subinterface

This section is description about the process of Ethernet sub-interface configuring. D-Link Router supports the iEEE 802.1Q protocol on the Ethernet sub-interface. Detailed configuration as below:

1. Assign the sub-interface of Ethernet

Input following commands under the global mode to enter the status of Ethernet interface configuring:

Command Function

interface ethernet

slot/port.subinterface-number

Enter the status of Ethernet sub-interface configuring

interface fastethernet

slot/port.subinterface-number

Enter the status of FastEthernet sub-interface configuring

Input the command “interface”, it will list all the parameters:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 1

Input 1, choose the item “Ethernet”, it will prompt:

Please input a interface name:

Input the name of Ethernet, slot and port and the value of sub-interface-number.

Input 0, choose the item “Fast Ethernet”, it will prompt:

Please input a interface name:

Input the name of Fast Ethernet, slot and port and the value of sub-interface-number.

2. Encapsulate 802.1Q protocol

The sub-interface of Ethernet must encapsulate with 802.1Q protocol for usage. Otherwise, UP is unavailable for the protocol.

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Command Function

encapsulation dot1q

vlan-identifier Encapsulate 802.1Q protocol and assign Vlan ID

Choose the item 11 of prompt, it will display:

(00)dot1Q IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LAN Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0

Input 0 and the value of vlan-identifier，then the encapsulation of protocol for the sub-interface is complete.

3. Configuring Serial Interface

For hardware technical descriptions and information about installing interfaces, refer to the hardware installation and configuration publication for your product. For a complete description of serial interface commands used in this chapter, refer to the "Interface Command" chapter. To locate documentation of other commands that appear in this chapter, use the command reference master index or search online, which is include following content:　

3.7.5 Configuring Synchronous Serial Interface

The configuration of synchronous serial interface consists of following steps. The first step is prerequisite and others are optional.

Please see the “Example of interface configuring“ in the last place to find the example of configuration task.

1. Specify Synchronous Serial Interface

In the global configuring mode, each following commands is use for assign the synchronous serial interface and enter the status of interface configuring (if asynchronous card be chose, e.g. 16

asynchronous card provides only asynchronous communication, use async to replace serial):

参数参数说明

Command Function

interface serial

slot/port Enter the interface configuring

interface serial

slot/port:set-channel-group

Enter the channlized E1 interface configuring

Input the command “

interface

” and it will list all the parameters：

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 2

Input 2, choose the item “serial”, it will prompt:

Please input a interface name:

Input the serial, slot and port names, enter the interface configuration.

Input the name of the serial, slot, port and channel-group, enter the configuration of channelized E1 interface.

2. Specify Synchronous Serial Interface Encapsulation

By default, synchronous serial lines use the High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) serial encapsulation method, which provides the synchronous framing and error detection functions of HDLC. The synchronous serial interfaces support the following serial encapsulation methods:

♦

High-level Data Link Control (HDLC)

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♦

Frame Relay

♦

Point to point protocol (PPP)

♦

X.25

♦

Synchronous data link control·（SDLC）

The encapsulating protocol is able to set by following commands in the mode of interface configuring:

Command Function

encapsulation{hdlc|frame-relay|ppp|x2 5|sdlc

}

Configure synchronous serial encapsulating protocol

The setting of concrete encapsulation should according to the actual situation. Please see the “Command of interface“ to get more information.

Choose the item 11 of prompt, it will list all the parameters:

(00)frame-relay Frame Relay Protocol (01)hdlc HDLC Protocol (02)ppp PPP Protocol (03)sdlc SDLC Protocol (04)x25 X.25 Protocol Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4):

Then choose the protocol you want to encapsulate.

3. Configure Low-speed Serial Interface

This section describes how to configure low-speed serial interface. Please see the “Example of low-speed interface“ for example of configuration.

Usually, the low-speed serial interface supports both synchronous mode and asynchronous mode. While in the status of interface configuring, use following command to assign the low-speed interface in the mode of synchronous or asynchronous:

Command Function

Physical-layer mode

{

sync

async

}

Assign the low-speed interface in the mode of synchronous or asynchronous

Choose the item 25 of prompt, it will display:

(00)flow-control Flow control (01)mode Configure sync or async physical layer on serial interface (02)sampling set clock sampling mode (03)speed port speed Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3): 1

Input 1,choose the item “mode”, it will prompt：

(00)async asynchronous mode (01)sync synchronous mode Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):

Input 0, choose the item “async” to set the interface as asynchronous type.

Input 1, choose the item “sync” to set the interface as synchronous type.

While in the mode of asynchronous, the low-speed serial interface supports all the commands of standard asynchronous interface. The default mode is synchronous. While in the status of interface configuring, use following command to returen the mode of low-speed serial interface form asynchronous to synchronous:

Command Function

Physical-layer (default) mode

Returen to default mode----synchronous mode

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Choose the item 25 of prompt, it will display:

U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)flow-control Flow control (01)mode Configure sync or async physical layer on serial interface (02)sampling set clock sampling mode (03)speed port speed Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3): d

Input D or d, it will prompt:

Input 1,choose the item “mode”, it will prompt:

(00)async asynchronous mode (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1

Input 1,set it back to default mode.

While in the status of interface configuring, please use following command to configure the rate of synchronous mode and asynchronous mode:

Command Function

Physical-layer speed

speed Assign the rate of interface

Choose the item 25 of prompt, it will display:

Input 3, choose the item “speed”, then it will prompt various speed value, select the one you want.

The value of rate that supported by synchronous interface and asynchronous interface shown as following:

Synchronous interface Asynchronous interface

1200,2400,4800,9600,14400,19200,38 400,57600,

64000,115200,128000,256000,512000 ,1024000,2048000

1200,2400,4800,9600,14400,19200,

38400,57600,115200

3.8 Configuring E1 interface

3.8.1 Introduction of E1 interface

There are two types of configuration of E1 interface:

To be treate as channelized E1 interface. The interface separates into 31 time-slots in physical and all the time-slots divide into several groups arbitrarily. Each group of time-slot is bind as one interface with the same logical characteristic of synchronous serial interface. Protocols of link layer are supported, which include PPP, frame relay, LAPB and X.25.

To be treat as unchannelized E1 interface. As a G.703 synchronous serial interface with the rate of 2M in physical, The interface supports the protocols of link layer that include PPP, frame relay, LAPB and X.25.

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3.8.2 Configuring E1 interface

To configure E1 interface, command

config-controller E1

must be inputed firstly in the status of global

configuring.

Command Function

controller E1

Configure E1 interface

slot is number of solt that controller located in,

config-group is link number of E1 controller

Input the command “controller”, it will prompt:

(00)E1 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0

Input 0, choose the item “E1”, it will prompt:

(00)<2-2> (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):

Choose the corresponding item and input the slot number and group.

Example:

Router_config#config-controller E1 2/0 Router_config_controller_E1_2/0#

Configuring tasks of E1 interface include:

Configure physical parameters of E1 interface that include frame check mode, line code/decode format and line clock, loop-back transmission mode, etc. Default parameter is required.

Channelized E1 interface requires the configuring of parameter about set-channel-group and confirm the binding mode of time-slot.

Unchannelized E1 interface has no need of configure the parameter of set-channel-group.

Configure the parameter of interface:

1. Configuring Operation Mode of E1 Interface

The default mode of E1 interface is channelized mode. It is able to set as unchannelized mode by the command of unframed.

Command Function

unframed

Configure as unchannelized mode

Unframed (undo)

Configure as channelized mode

Choose item 30 of the prompt of interface parameters, then the interface will be configured as unchannelized mode.

If you input U or u before you do the action above, it will be configured as channelized mode.

Example:

Router_config#config-controller E1 2/0 Router_config_controller_E1_2/0# unframed Router_config_controller_E1_2/0# no unframed

2. Configuring Frame Check Mode of E1 Interface

E1 interface support CRC32 check for physical frame, default setting is unchecking.

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Command Function

framing crc4

Configure the frame checking of E1 interface as 4bytes CRC check.

framing(undo)

framing no-crc4

Configure the frame checking of E1 interface as unchecking.

Take the first command as an example:

Choose the item 13 of interface-parameter prompt, it will display:

(00)crc4 (01)no-crc4 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0

Input 0，choose the item “crc4”.

3. Configuring Line Code/Decode Format of E1 Interface

There are two formats of line code/decode supported by E1 interface: AMI and HDB3

Default setting is HDB3.

Command Function

line code ami

Configure line code/decode format of E1 interface as AMI

line code(undo) or line code hdb3

Configure line code/decode format of E1 interface as HDB3

Choose item 19 of interface-parameter prompt, it will prompt:

(00)ami use ami mode (01)hdb3 use hdb3 mode

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):

Choose 0，it will be set as ami format；

Choose 1，it will be set as hdb3 format.

4. Configuring Line Clock of E1 Interface

If E1 interface is operated as synchronous interface, two operation modes available for E1 that is of DTE and DCE. It is need to choose line clock. While two Routers straight connected with E1 interfaces, the two ports must be operated with DTE and DCE separately. While Router connects with Exchange through E1 interface, DCE for Exchange and DTE for E1 interface of Router.

Default operation mode of E1 interface is DTE.

Command Function

clock internal

Configure operation mode of E1 interface as DCE that use internal synchronous signal of chip.

clock external

Configure operation mode of E1 interface as DTE that use synchronous signal of line.

Choose item 5 of interface-parameter prompt, it will display:

(00)external external clock (01)internal internal clock Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):

Choose 0, use internal synchronous signal of chip;

Choose 1，use synchronous signal of line.

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5. Configuring Loopback Transmission Mode of E1 Interface

While in the mode of remot loop-back transmission, the message that received through the port will be return by E1 through the sending channel.

Command Function

loopback local

Configure the operation mode of E1 as remote loop-back

Loop(undo)

Cancel the setting of remote loop-back

Take the first command as an example:

Choose the item 20 of interface-parameter prompt, it will display:

(00)local set local loopback (01)remote set local remoteback Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):

Input 0, choose the item “local”.

6. Configuring Transmitting Impulse Mode of E1

Choose transmitting impulse mode. To execute

Cable 120

for cable type is 120Ω twisted-pair. The 75Ω coaxial cable for default setting and obey ITU-T G.703 standard. The transmitting impulses of two types of cable are diffenent.

Command Function

Cable 120

Configure the cable of E1 interface as 120Ω twisted-pair

No cable

Default setting is 75Ω coaxial cable

Choose item 1 of interface-parameter prompt, it will display:

(00)120 set 120ohm cable Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0

Choose 0.

7. Forbid the link of E1 interface

Use for forbidding a E1 interface and the line status for all interfaces of port switch to down.

Command Function

Shutdown

Forbid the link of E1 interface

Shutdown(undo)

Restore the link of E1 interface

Choose item 28 of interface-parameter prompt, then the link will be forbidden. If you input the “U” or “u” before choose the item 28, the link will be resumed.

Example

Router_config#config-controller E1 2/0 Router_config_controller_E1_2/0#shutdown Router_config_controller_E1_2/0# shutdown(undo)

8. Configuring set-channel-group Parameter of E1 Interface

set-channel-group is channel number of E1 with the range of 0-30. the timeslot is time-slot number of E1 with the ranger of 1-31. The channel is able to occupy any non-assigned time-slot and combines time-slot arbitrarily. The configuration of E1 channel will generate new interface.

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The binding time-slot of channel-group will be cleared by no channel-group. The corresponding interface will be cleared too.

Command Function

Channel

channel-group

timeslots

{ number | number1-number2 } [,number | number1-number2 ... ]

Bind the time-slot of E1 interface to set-channel-group

Channel(undo)

channel-group Cancel the time-slot binding of channel-group

Choose the item 2 of interface-parameter prompt, it will display:

(00)<0-30> Channel number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0

Choose 0 and input the channel number, it will prompt：

(00)timeslots

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):

Input 0， choose the item “timeslots”， it will prompt： (00)<1-31> List of timeslots which comprise the channel Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0

Choose 0, the configuration is correct.

Example

Router_config#config-controller E1 2/0 Router_config_controller_E1_2/0#channel 5 timeslots 18,11-13,20,22,30-28,24-25 Router_config_controller_E1_2/0#config-interface s2/0:5 Router_config_interface_s2/0:5#

9. Configuring Interface Parameter of E1 Interface

While the E1 interface in the Channelized mode, system will generate new interface after configure the channel-group parameter with the same logical characteristic of synchronous serial interface. The name is serial<slot>/<group>:<channel-group>. The <slot> and <group> is the same as controller E1 <slot>/<group>.

While the E1 interface in the Unchannelized mode, system will generate new interface with the name is serial<slot>/<group>:0. it is able to encapsulate the data-link-layer protocol to the interface, which include PPP, frame relay, HDLC and X.25, etc.

Example:

In Channelized mode: Router_config#config-controller E1 2/0 Router_config_controller_E1_2/0#channel 1 timeslots 1-31 Router_config_controller_E1_2/0#int s2/0:1 Router_config_controller_s2/0:1#enca fr Router_config_controller_s2/0:1#ip add 130.130.0.1 255.255.255.0 In Unchannelized mode: Router_config# controller E1 2/0 Router_config_controller_E1_2/0#unframed Router_config_controller_E1_2/0#int s2/0:0 Router_config_controller_s2/0:0#enca fr Router_config_controller_s2/0:0#ip add 130.130.0.1 255.255.255.0

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3.8.3 configure UNFRAME E1 interface

1. Introduction of Unframe E1 interface

Unframe E1 port can be used only in unframe mode and the interface is unchannelized , its logic features is the same as synchronization serial interface, support PPP, frame relay, LAPB , X.25 and etc. link layer protocols.

2. Unframe E1 interface configurations

You need to firstly input “controller E1” in "overall situation configuration" mode to configure Unframe E1 interface.

Command Purpose

controller E1 <slot>/<group> Configure Unframe E1 interface

Slot is serial number Unframe E1 controller locating

Group is line serial number to Unframe E1 controller

for an example:

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#controller Key Word: Q(quit) (00)E1 E1 Controller (01)T1 T1 Controller Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-1):00 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<2-2> slot (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-1):00 Please input a digital number:2 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<0-3> port Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:0 Will you execute it? [Y]:y Current Status:_controller_E1_2/0 Current Directory: config

Unframe E1 interface configurations tasks include:

♦

configure Unframe E1 interface physical parameter, including line coding/decoding format, line

clock, back-loop transportation mode and etc. usually, the default value is ok.

♦

configure interface parameter

3. configure Unframe E1 interface line coding/decoding format

UNFRAME E1 interface line support two coding/decoding format: AMI and HDB3

Default is HDB3 .

Command Purpose

Linecode ami

configure Unframe E1 interface line coding/decoding format into AMI

No linecode

linecode hdb3

configure Unframe E1 interface line

coding/decoding format into B8ZS

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4. Configure Unframe E1 interface clock mode

When Unframe E1 is used as synchronization interface, there are two work modes: “DTE” and “DCE”, you need to choose line clock also. When Unframe E1 interfaces of two routers are directly connected , it is necessary to let two interfaces work at “DTE” OR “DCE”; when Unframe E1 of a router is connected into a switch ,because switch is a “DCE” device, Unframe E1 of a router need to work at “DTE” mode.

The default work mode of UNFRAME E1 is DTE.

Command Purpose

Clock interval Configure Unframe E1 to “DCE”, use synchronization in chip

Clock external Configure Unframe E1 to “DTE”, use line synchronism

5. configure Unframe E1 interface back-loop transportation mode

In remote back-loop transportation mode, UNFRAME E1 will send back message from the tunnel from which it receives the message.

Command Purpose

Loopback local

Configure Unframe E1 to local loopback mode

Loopback remote

Configure Unframe E1 to remote loopback mode

No loop

Cancel loopback setting

6. disabled Unframe E1 interface line

You can disabled some UNFRAME E1. Just make all lines state on interface is “down”.

Command Purpose

shutdown

Disabled Unframe E1 interface line

No shutdown

Resume Unframe E1 interface line

For an example:

Current Status:_controller_E1_2/0 Current Directory: config (18)shutdown shutdown a link Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-20):18 Key Word: U(undo) Q(quit) (00)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-0): 00 Will you execute it? [Y]:y Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-0): u Will you execute it? [Y]:y

7. configure Unframe E1 interface parameter

Unframe E1 is always in unframe mode and can’t exit the mode,Its interface is also unchanging. The logic characters of the unframe E1 interface are the same as synchronization. Its name is “ serial<slot>/<group>:<channel-group>”, and <slot> and <group> are consistent with <slot> and <group> in “controller E1 <slot>/<group>”.

You can encapsulate PPP, frame relay, HDLC , SDLC ,X.25 and etc.line layer protocols on interface.

for an example:

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#int Key Word:

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(02)Serial Serial interface Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-11): 2 Please input slot/port:2/0:0 Will you execute it? [Y]:y Key Word: (09)encapsulation Set encapsulation type for an interface Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-28): 9 Current Status:s2/0:0 Current Directory: config Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)frame-relay Frame Relay Protocol (01)hdlc HDLC Protocol (02)ppp PPP Protocol (03)sdlc SDLC Protocol (04)x25 X.25 Protocol Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-4):00 Will you execute it? [Y]:y Current Status:s2/0:0 Current Directory: config Key Word: Q(quit) (15)ip IP configuration commands Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-26): 15 (01)address IP address Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-27): 01 Current Status:s2/0:0 Current Directory: config Key Word: Q(quit) (00)A.B.C.D IP address (01)negotiated IP address set by PPP or by DHCP Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-1): 00 Please input an IP Address Parameter:130.130.0.1 Current Status:s2/0:0 Current Directory: config Key Word: Q(quit) (00)A.B.C.D IP netmask Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-0): 00 Please input an IP Address Parameter:255.255.255.0 Current Status:s2/0:0 Current Directory: config Key Word: Q(quit) (00)secondary Set this IP address as a secondary address (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be execute(0-1): 01 Will you execute it? [Y]:y

8. Configure Tx FIFO of E1 module in UNFRAME mode

When the channel of E1 module worked in UNFRAME mode, the user can change the size of the E1 channel's Tx FIFO to use PCI more effective.The base rule is that the more E1 modules the less Tx FIFO size.The range of it is from 1 to 63.The default Tx FIFO size is 8.Only NM-1CE1 , NM-2CE1 and NM-4CE1 support the command.

3.9 Configuring the PRI interface

3.9.1 Introduction of PRI interface

PRI interface is a kind of ISDN interface which consists of 30 B channels plus a singled channels.. The number of the B channel of our PRI interface is not fixed as 30 but can be set by user to meet their requirement. You can generate and delete the PRI interface through the E1 interface, it’s dynamic. You

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can set the detailed timeslot as a B channel of a general serial port or a PRI interface through the command line. When one or more timeslot has been configured as the PRI B channel of an E1 interface, the fifteenth timeslot will always be utilized by the PRI interface as the D channel of signal alternation.

3.9.2 configure the PRI interface

To configure the PRI interface, you must input the command “

controller E1

” in the global configurative

mode firstly.

Command Function

controller E1

<slot>/<group> Configure E1 interface

Slot

is the slot number of E1 controller

Group

is the link number of E1 controller

Pri-group timeslot

num num: you can assign many timeslot to one B channel. If

those timeslots are continuous, use the “-“ to connect them. Else , use “,”.

Command 1：

Input the command “

controller

”, it will prompt: (00)E1 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Input 0, choose the item “E1”, it will prompt: (00)<2-2> (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): Choose the corresponding item and input the slot number and group.

Command 2：

Choose the item 22 of parameter prompt, it will display: (00)timeslots Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Input 0， choose the item “timeslot”, it will prompt: (00)<1-31> List of timeslots which comprise the channel Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Choose the item 0, then input “num”.

This command is used to set up a main workgroup and assign timeslots for the main workgroup. All the timeslots can be assigned to B channel except 0 and 16. Each timeslot is a correspondence of a B channel while each B channel is also a correspondence of a virtual 64K connection according to the protocol encapsulated by D channel. You can’t configure the D channel until you have set up a main workgroup and assigned timeslots for B channels.

The configurative method of entering the D channel is : int serial slot/port:15。After you enter the D channel, you can encapsulate protocol, set dial-up group and set the dial-up mapping of peer.

3.10 Configure the BRI interface

1. introduction of BRI interface

BRI is a kind of ISDN interface which consists of a single D channel plus 2 B channels. The D channel is used to set up B channels and signal alternation channel of the interface. B channels are used to transfer data.

2. Configuration of BRI interface

To configure the BRI interface ,you must under the ISDN BRI configurative mode firstly.

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Command Function

Interface bri

<slot>/<group> Enter the ISDN BRI interface

Slot is the slot number of BRI controller

Group is the link number BRI controller

Input the command “

interface

”, it will prompt:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)BRI ISDN Basic Rate Interface

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-11): 2

Input 2, choose the item “BRI:, it will prompt:

Please input a interface name:

Input the interface type, slot number and group.

3.11 Configure DTU interface

This section describes how to configure the DTU interface. Detailed configurative steps are given below:

1. Designating DTU interface

You can input the following command in global configurative mode to enter the DTU interface configurative mode.

command Function

Interface bm

<slot>/<port> Configure the DTU interface

For example

：

Input the command “interface”, it will prompt:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface (03)Async Asynchronous interface (04)BM BM interface

.....

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 4

Input 4, choose the item “BM”, it will prompt: Please input a interface name:

bm2/0

Input “bm2/0”.

2. Configuring DTU interface’s linemode

Command Function

linemode nt

Set the DTU interface working in NT mode

linemode lt

Set the DTU interface working in LT mode

The DTU is in NT mode in default.

For example：configure the DTU interface working in LT mode.

Choose the item 21 of the interface-parameter prompt, it will display: (00)nt nt mode

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(01)lt lt mode Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0

Input 1, choose the item “it”.

3. Configuring speed of the DTU interface

Command Function

physical-layer speed

speed

Designate the interface speed

Choose the item 26 of the interface-paramter prompt, it will display:

The supported speed are listed below:

speed specification

64000，128000

64000 (default)

For example：

Configure the speed of DTU interface as 128K.

router_config bm2/0#physical-layer speed 128000

3.12 Configuring the MODEM interface

This section describes how to configure the MODEM interface. It includes:

3.12.1 Designating MODEM interface

You can input the following command in the global configurative mode to enter the MODEM interface configurative mode.

command Function

interface async

Configuring the MODEM interface

For example

：

Input the command “interface”, it will prompt:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface (03)Async Asynchronous interface ...… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10):

Input 3, choose the item “Async”, it will prompt: Please input a interface name:

async2/0

Input “async2/0”.

MODEM interface is conceived as a general asynchronous interface which connect with a external MODEM in the system. Refer to the configuring asynchronous interface and dial-up interface for more detail.

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How to connect with V.92 MODEM or those that doesn’t support V.42bis

Since the chip of our MODEM card can not support the protocol beyond V.90, if you want to connect with some V.92 MODEM of other company, the connection with the V.92 MODEM may be failed. (However, you can still dial from the V.92 MODEM to the router.). User can write an initializing script, add “AT&H4 OK” into it. Then, the network mode of MODEM will be adjusted to V.32bis multimode and the connection with V.92 MODEM can be set up successfully. You can also use this method when you can not create connection with other older MODEM. What’s more, if the MODEM of peer does not support V.42bis encapsulation protocol, you can close the encapsulation function by adding “AT%C0 OK” into the initializing script. The network mode and command type are listed below:

Command Network mode

AT&H 0

V.92 multimode

AT&H 1

V.90/V.34

AT&H 2

V.34 multimode

AT&H 3

V.34 only

AT&H 4

V.32bis multimode

AT&H 5

V.32bis only

AT&H 6

V.22bis

AT&H 7

V.22

AT&H 8

Bell 212

AT&H 9

Bell 103

AT&H10

V.21

AT&H12

V.23

3.12.2 Configuring Logical Interface

In this section we will introduce how to configure the logical interface that include following content:

1. Configuring a Null Interface

The D-Link router supports a "null" interface. This pseudo-interface functions similarly to the null devices available on most operating systems. This interface is always up and can never forward or receive traffic. The only interface configuration command that you can specify for the null interface is

ip unreachable

. The null interface provides an alternative method of filtering traffic. You can avoid the

overhead involved with using access lists by directing undesired network traffic to the null interface.

To specify the null interface, use the following command in global configuration mode:

Command Function

interface null

Enter the status of null interface configuring

Input the command “interface”, it will prompt:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface (03)Async Asynchronous interface (04)Null Null interface

.....

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10):

Input 4, choose the item “Null”, it will prompt: Please input a interface name:

null0

Input “null0”.

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The null interface can be used in any command that has an interface type as an argument. The following example configures a null interface for IP route 192.168.20.0.

ip route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 null 0

2. Configure a Loopback Interface

A loopback interface is a logical interface that is always up and allows BGP sessions to stay up even if the outbound interface is down. You can use the loopback interface as the termination address for BGP sessions. In applications where other routers or access servers attempt to reach this loopback interface, you should configure a routing protocol to distribute the subnet assigned to the loopback address. Packets routed to the loopback interface are rerouted back to the router and processed locally. IP packets routed out the loopback interface but not destined to the loopback interface are dropped. This means that the loopback interface serves as the Null interface also.

To specify a loopback interface and enter interface configuration mode, use one of the following commands in global configuration mode:

Command Function

interface loopback

number

Enter the status of loop-back interface configuring

Input the command “interface”, it will prompt:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface

......

(05)Loopback Loopback interface

.....

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10):

Input 5，choose the item “Loopback”, it will prompt: Please input a interface name: Input the “loopback interface”.

3. Configure Dialup Interface

The dialup interface is a kind of logical interface, which configure the dialup setting of multiple physical interfaces in one virtual interface. Thereby, the dialup interface will builds the communication of physical interface and dialup interface to manage multiple interfaces in the same time.

Use following command to configure dialup interface:

Command Function

interface dialer

number Enter the status of dialup interface configuring

dialer rotary-group

number Set the communication of dialup interface and physical

interface

Command 1:

Input the command “interface” in global configurative mode, it will prompt:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface

......

(07)Dialer Dialer interface

.....

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 7 Input 7, choose the item “Dialer”, it will prompt: Please input a interface name: Input the dialer number.

Command 2：

Set the interface to dial-up, choose the item “Dialer” of prompt, it will display: (00)called Dialer called string

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......

(09)rotary-group Add this interface to a dialer rotary group

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-28): 9 Input 9， choose the item “rotary-group”，it will prompt: (00)Dialer Dialer interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Input 0， choose the item “Dialer”, it will prompt: Please input a interface name: Input string.

4. Configuring Virtual template and Virtual access interface

Virtual template and virtual access interface:

Virtual template and virtual access interface are two partnership interfaces. The Virtual access

interface is created for protocol requirement, its configurative information originate from the configuration of virtual template interface. Virtual template and virtual access interface are generally used in some special case such as protocol conversion(for example, PPP over X.25) and Multilink PPP and so on.

You can use the following command to define the virtual template interface:

Command Function

Interface virtual-template

number

Configure the virtual template interface

Input the command “interface”, it will prompt:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface

......

(09)Virtual-template Virtual template interface

.....

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 9 Input 9, choose the item “Virtual-template”, it will prompt： Please input a interface name:

Virtual-template

Input Virtual-template，it will prompt： Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Input 0, it will prompt: Please input a interface name:1 Input number.

5. Configure the Multilink interface

Multilink interface is defined in allusion to Multilink PPP. This interface is usually used for theMultilink PPP of a serial interface.

User the following command to define the multilink interface:

Command Function

Interface multilink number

Configure the multilink interface

Input the command “interface”, it will prompt:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface

......

(08)Multilink Multilink-group interface

.....

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 8 Input 8, choose the item “multilink”, it will prompt:

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Please input a interface name:

Multilink

Input “Multilink”，it will prompt： (00)<0-32767> Multilink interface number

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0

Input 0，it will prompt： Please input a interface number:

Input “number”

6. Configure the Tunnel interface

Tunnel interface is defined for some encapsulated protocol. The current version supports the encapsulation protocol of GRE/Ip type.

To designate a Tunnel interface and enter the interface configurative mode, use the following command in the global configurative mode:

command Function

Interface Tunnel number

Configure the Tunnel interface

Input the command “interface”, it will prompt: (00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface

......

(06)Tunnel Tunnel interface

.....

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 6 Input 6， choose the item “Tunnel”, it will prompt: Please input a interface name:

Tunnel

Input “tunnel”, it will prompt: (00)<0-32767> Tunnel interface number

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0):

Input “0”， it will prompt: Please input a interface name:

Input “number”.

3.13 Configure IDSL interface

IDSL, which is Integrated Services Digital Network Digital Subscriber Line，also is called ISDN DSL for short. IDSL transmits data digitally across existing ISDN lines. The benefits of IDSL are that the former service offers always-on connections, transmits data via a data network. IDSL supplies two independent 64Kbps data channels or one 128Kbps data channel by Multilink PPP. The channel logic feature is the same as synchronization serial interface, support PPP, frame relay and etc. link layer protocols.

You can input command below to enter the mode "IDSL interface configuration" in "overall situation configuration" mode.

Command Purpose

interface bm

<slot>/<channel> Configure IDSL interface

Notes:

Slot is serial number IDSL card locating and channel is IDSL channel number (B1 is 0,B2 is 1).

Input interfacecommand, clew:

(00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface (03)Async Asynchronous interface

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(04)BM BM interface

.....

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 4

Input 4，choose BM option,clew:

Please input a interface name: bm2/0

Input bm2/0.

3.13.1 Configur IDSL interface work mode

Command Purpose

Linemode nt

Configure IDSL interface to NT work mode

Linemode lt

Configure IDSL interface to LT work mode

Notes:

Default is NT work mode. Configure IDSL interface to NT woke mode when connected with DSLAM. Back to back connection, one is configured to LT work mode and the other is to NT work mode.

Configuring IDSL interface in LT mode.

At interface suggestive parameter ,choose

linemode option,clew:

(00)nt nt mode (01)lt lt mode

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1

Input 1,choose It Option.

3.13.2 Example of configuration

1. Example 1

Router A and B are connected with ISDN lease line and transmit data at a rate of 64Kbps.

Router A configuration：

interface BM2/0 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp linemode nt !

Router B configuration:

interface BM2/0 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp linemode nt !

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2. Example 2

Router A and B are connected with ISDN lease line and use Multilink PPP to transmit data at a rate of 128Kbps.

Router A configuration:

interface Multilink1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ppp multilink multilink-group 1 ! interface BM2/0 no ip address encapsulation ppp ppp multilink multilink-group 1 linemode nt ! interface BM2/1 no ip address encapsulation ppp ppp multilink multilink-group 1 linemode nt !

Router B configuration:

interface Multilink1 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 ppp multilink multilink-group 1 ! interface BM2/0 no ip address encapsulation ppp ppp multilink multilink-group 1 linemode nt ! interface BM2/1 no ip address encapsulation ppp ppp multilink multilink-group 1

linemode nt

3.14 Example of interface configuring

1. Example of high-speed interface configuring

Following example illustrates how to start interface configuring on serial interface. PPP encapsulation is assigned to interface 1/0.

interface serial 1/0 encapsulation ppp

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2. Example of low-speed serial interface

Following example illustrates how to switch the low-speed serial interface from synchronous mode to asynchronous mode:

interface serial 1/0 physical-layer mode async

Following example illustrates how to switch the low-speed serial interface from asynchronous mode to synchronous mode, that is, the default mode:

interface serial 1/0 physical-layer mode sync

interface serial 1/0 no physical-layer mode

Following example is typical asynchronous serial interface configuration

interface serial 1/0

(Notice: if it is 16 asynchronous card , the value is inter async 0/0)

physical-layer mode async

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp Following example is typical synchronous serial interface configuration interface serial 1/0 physical-layer mode sync ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

3. Example of Ethernet sub-interface

Configuration of ROUTER A

int f0/0.1 encapsulation dot1q 1 ip address 192.168.20.11 255.255.255.0

Configuration of ROUTER B

int f0/0.1 encapsulation dot1q 2 ip address 192.168.20.22 255.255.255.0

Configuration of ROUTER C

int f0/0.1 encapsulation dot1q 1 ip address 192.168.20.33 255.255.255.0

Configuration of ROUTER D

int f0/0.1 encapsulation dot1q 2 ip address 192.168.20.44 255.255.255.0

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With this configuration, A is only to PING with C each other and B is only to PING with D each other.

4. Example of PRI interface configuring

router _config# control e1 3/2 (enter the E1 configurative mode) router _config _controller# pri-group timeslot 1-5,9,10 router _config _controller#int s3/2:15 (enter the D channel configurative mode). Example of BRI interface configuring router _config# interface b3/2 (enter the isdn bri interface configurative mode) router _config _b3/2#dialer string 222

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4. Basic configuration

4.1 Configuring SNMP

4.1.1 Configuring SNMP List

♦

SNMP system consist of 3 parts as below:

♦

SNMP Network Management System (NMS)

♦

SNMP agent

♦

Management Information Bsae (MIB)

4.1.2 SNMP intrudution

SNMP is link layer protocol. It provides the message format that use for communication of SNMP management port and SNMP agent.

SNMP management port can be considered as a part of Network Management System (NMS, such as D-LinkWorks). The agent and MIB reside in Router. It is need to define the relation of management port and agent before configure SNMP of Router.

SNMP agent contains MIB variable and the agent is able to query and change these variable values. The management port acquires variable value from agent or stores variable value to agent. The agent collects data from MIB. MIB is the information base of equipment parameter and network data. MIB can also responses the requirement of data reading or data setting from management port. SNMP agent send trap to management port actively. The trap is alert message about some situation of network that sends to SNMP management port that is of some situation of network. The trap is used to point out incorrect user authentication, restart, status of link (startup or closed), closedown of TCP link, lose the link of adjacent Router and/or other important matters.

1. SNMP Notification

To send inform to SNMP management port while special occurrence. For example, the agent Router sends a message to management port if the agent encounters an error condition.

SNMP notification can be sent as trap or inform request. Because receinving port did not send any responsion when the trap was received, thereby, the sending port could not confirm whether the trap was received or not. Thus, the trap is unreliable. Oppositely, the management port of inform request receiving will adopt SNMP responsed PDU as responsion of this message. If the management port di not receive a inform request, then the responsion will not to be sent. If the sending port did not receive the responsion, the inform request will be resent. Thus, the notification has more possibility that to be sent to planned destination

The inform request occupied more resource of Router and network because it is more reliable. The trap will be discarded as soon as it is sent. Another side, inform request must be saved in memory until the system received responsion or request overtime. In addition, the trap can only be sent once but inform request can be sent many times. The retransmission increased the communication traffic of network and generated more burthen. Therefore, the trap and inform request balance the reliableility and resource. The inform request can be chose if SNMP management port extremely need to receive each notification. If communication traffic of network or memory of Router is more important and need not to care each notification, trap is the better choice.

D-Link Router presently supports trap but also provides the extension of inform request.

2. Version of SNMP

D-Link Router presently supports following SNMP versions:

SNMPv1---Simple Network Management Protocol. A full standard of internet defined in RFC1157.

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SNMPv2C--- Community based management frame of SNMPv2. Test protocol of internet that defined in RFC1901.

D-Link Router support following SNMP versions:

SNMPv3 .

SNMPv1 utilizes community based security mode to access management port that the agent of MIB. The community is definited by IP address Access Control List and password. The agent of SNMP must be configured as the version that supported by management workstation. The agent is able to communicate with various management ports.

3. Supported MIB

D-Link SNMP supports the entire MIB II variable (described at RFC 1213) and SNMP trap (described at RFC 1215).

D-Link provides private MIB extension for each system.

4.1.3 Creat or modify the access control for SNMP community

The relation of SNMP management port and agent is definited by SNMP community character string. The community character string similar as the password that allows accessing the agent of Router. The optional item is to assign one or several features concern with community character string as below:

Community character string is allowed to acquire the IP address access list of SNMP management port with authority of agent access.

To define the MIB view for the entire MIB object subset with accessing authority of assigned community.

Assign the read/write authority of community that has the authority to access MIB object.

Configure community character string in the mode of global configuration:

Command Function

snmp-server community string [view view-name] [ro | rw] [word]

Define the community accessing character string

Input the command “

snmp-server”

, it will prompt:

U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)community Enable SNMP; set community string and access privs (01)contact Text for mib object sysContact (02)host Specify hosts to receive SNMP TRAPs

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-8):

Input “0”，choose the item “community”, it will prompt: (00)WORD SNMP community string Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Input 0， choose the item “WORD”, it will prompt: Please input a string: Input the string，then it will prompt： (00)WORD Std IP accesslist allowing access with this community string (01)ro Read-only access with this community string (02)rw Read-write access with this community string (03)view Restrict this community to a named MIB view (04)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): Choose the parameter you want to configure.

One or more community can be configured. Use the command

no snmp-server community

to erase

the given community character string.

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Please see the section "SNMP command“ to get more examples about configuration of community character string.

4.1.4 Set the contact information of the route’s administrator and location of Router

Sys Contact and sysLocation are all management variable of system group in MIB and respectively define the operator ID and actual location of managed node (Router). The user can access the information through the configuring file. One or several commands below will be used in the mode of global configuration:

Command Function

snmp-server contact text Set the character string of node operator snmp-server location text Set the character string of node location

Input the command “SNMP server”, it will prompt:

(00)community Enable SNMP; set community string and access privs (01)contact Text for mib object sysContact (02)host Specify hosts to receive SNMP TRAPs (03)location Text for mib object sysLocation

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-8): 1 Input “1”， choose the item “contact”, it will prompt: (00)LINE identification of the contact person for this managed node Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Input 0, choose the item “LINE”, it will prompt: Please input a string: Input the contact string.

Input the command snmp-server, it will prompt:

(00)community Enable SNMP; set community string and access privs

(01)contact Text for mib object sysContact

(02)host Specify hosts to receive SNMP TRAPs

(03)location Text for mib object sysLocation

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-8): 3

Input 3， choose the item “contact”, it will prompt:

(00)LINE identification of the contact person for this managed node

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0

Input 0， choose the item “LINE”, it will prompt:

Please input a string: Input the location string.

4.1.5 Define the maxium length of SNMP agent data packet

The permitted maxium length of data packet can be set while SNMP agent receiving request or sending responsion. Use following command in the mode of global configuration:

Command Function

snmp-server packetsize byte-count

Set the permitted maxium length of data packet.

Input the command “snmp-server”, it will prompt:

(00)community Enable SNMP; set community string and access privs

......

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(04)packetsize Largest SNMP packet size

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-8): 4 Input 4, choose the item “packetsize”, it will prompt: (00)<484-17940> Packet size Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Input 0, it will prompt: Please input a digital number:Please input a string:

Input the maximum length of a data packet.

4.1.6 Supervise the status of SNMP

Use following command in the mode of global configuration to supervise the statistics about input and output of SNMP, which is include the list of illegal community character string, amount of error and request variable.

Command Function

show snmp

Supervise the status of SNMP

Input the command “show”, all the parameters will be listed:

(00)alias alias for command

......

(33)snmp SNMP statistics

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-45): 33 Input 33, choose the item “snmp”, it will prompt: (00)host show SNMP trap hosts (01)view show SNMP views (02)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2):

Choose the content you want to show.

4.1.7 Configure SNMP trap

To use following command to configure the SNMP trap that sent by Router, (the second task is optional):

♦

Configure the Router-send trap

♦

Change the parameter of trap running

1. Configure the Router-send trap

♦

Use following command in the mode of global configuration, which is configures the Router to send

a trap to a host.

Command Function

snmp-server host host community-string [udp-port port]

[trap-type]

Assign the receiver of trap message.

Input the command “snmp-server”, it will prompt:

(00)community Enable SNMP; set community string and access privs (01)contact Text for mib object sysContact (02)host Specify hosts to receive SNMP TRAPs

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-8): 2 Input 2, choose the item “host”, it will prompt: (00)Hostname or A.B.C.D IP address of SNMP TRAP host

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Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Input 0，it will prompt: Please input a string: Input the Hostname or IP address，it will prompt: (00)WORD SNMP community string Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Input 0, choose the item “word”, it will prompt: Please input a string: Input string, it will prompt: (00)authentication Allow authentication failure traps (01)configure Allow SNMP-configure traps (02)snmp Allow SNMP-type traps (03)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3):

Choose the aimed trap-type.

The SNMP agent will automatic boot after switch on D-Link Router and then activate all types of trap. Use the command

snmp-server host

to assign the type of traps and the receiving host.

Some traps must be control by other commands. For example, if the SNMP link trap needs to be sent while open or close the interface, so that the command

snmp trap link-status

is used for activate link

trap in the mode of interface configuring. The interface configuring command

no snmp trap link-stat

used for close these traps.

The host must be configured with the command

snmp-server host

for receiving traps.

4.1.8 Change the running parameter of trap

As option, the command is use for assign the source interface to generate traps, and then assign each host with the queue length of message (data packet) or value of retransmission interval. Use following optional command in the mode of global configuration to change the running parameter of trap:

Command Function

snmp-server trap-source

interface

Assign the source interface (include IP address) for generating of trap message. This command is also sets resource IP address for message.

snmp-server queue-length

length

Create message queue length for each trap host.

snmp-server trap-timeout

seconds

Define the frequency of the retransmitting trap message that in the retransmitting queue.

Take the first command for example, input the command “snmp-server”, it will prompt:

(00)community Enable SNMP; set community string and access privs

......

(06)trap-source Assign an interface for the source address of all traps

......

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-8): 6 Input 6, choose the item “trap-source”, it will prompt: (00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface (03)Async Asynchronous interface (04)Null Null interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): Choose and input the type, slot and port number of the interface.

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4.1.9 Example of configuration

1. Example 1:

snmp-server community public RO snmp-server community private RW snmp-server host 192.168.10.2 public

There are two community character strings that to be configured in this example. One is “public” that has the authority to read all of MIB variable; another is “private” that has the authority to read/write all of MIB variable. User is able to read the MIB variable in Router by “public”, and read the variable or write the writable variable in Router by “private”. While the Router is need to send trap message, it is also assign that use public send trap message to 192.168.20.2. For example, the Router will send trap message “linkdown” to 192.168.20.2 when a port of Router is down.

2. Example 2:

snmp-server community public view sysmib RO snmp-server community private RW nativehost snmp-server contact D-Link@D-Link.com.cn snmp-server host 192.168.10.2 public snmp snmp-server location 405-D-Link snmp-server view sysmib system included ip access-list standard nativehost permit 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.255

In this example, the community character string “public” only has the authority to read the MIB variable of the Router’s system group. Only the host with IP address 192.168.10.2 is allowed to read/write the MIB variable of Router’s system group by the community character string “private”. Only the “snmp” trap message is sent to the host with IP address 192.168.10.2. The trap message “authentication” or “configure” will not to be sent to host. To set the contact information asD-Link@D-Link.com.cn with location of 405-D-Link, that is, D-Link@D-Link.com.cn is the value of MIB variable “sysContact” in system group, and the value of sysLocation is 405-D-Link.

4.2 Configuring the CDP

This chapter describes how to configure the CDP function of D-link router.

CDP is a media and protocol-independent protocol that can be used to detect all the devices directly attached to the router. Network management applications can retrieve the device type and SNMP-agent address of neighboring device using CDP.

The CDP function of D-link router can implement the detection of neighboring devices. However, it can not query neighboring devices by SNMP. Hence, the D-link router can only be put on the network end, otherwise, it wouldn’t get the whole network topology structure.

The CDP can configured on all the SANP（such as Ethernet, HDLC, Frame Relay, PPP and so on）

4.2.1 CDP default configuration

function Default configuration

CDP global configurative mode

Disable

CDP interface configurative mode

Disable

CDP clock（message interval）

60 seconds

CDP holdtime

180 seconds

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4.2.2 Set the CDP message interval and holdtime

You can use the following commands in global configurative mode to set CDP message interval and holdtime:

Command Function

pdp timer

seconds Configuring the message interval of CDP

pdp holdtime

seconds Configuring the CDP message holdtime

Here is an example：

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

pdp

(00)holdtime specify the hold time to be sent in packets (01)run enable PTOPO discovery protocol to run (02)timer specify the interval at which packets are sent

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 2

(00)<5-254> time interval(in seconds)

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0

Please input a digital number:Please input a string:

100

(input the “time interval” you want ,here

is only an example)

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

pdp

(00)holdtime specify the hold time to be sent in packets (01)run enable PTOPO discovery protocol to run (02)timer specify the interval at which packets are sent Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 0

(00)<10-255> length of time(in seconds)

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:Please input a string:30 （input a holdtime you want, here is an example）.

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

4.2.3 Enable CDP

Cdp is disable in default configuration. If you want to use CDP function, implement the following

command in global configurative mode:

Command Function

pdp run

Enable CDP function of the router

Example：

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

pdp

enable the CDP on a port:

CDP is disable in default configuration. When the CDP function of the router is enabled, you can also enable the CDP on a port. Use the following command in interface configurative mode:

Command Function

pdp enable

Enable the CDP function on a port

Key Word:

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Q(quit) …… (23)pdp pdp configuration commands (24)physical-layer Configure physical layer parameters …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-32): 23 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)enable Enable pdp on interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

4.2.4 monitoring and managing CDP

In order to monitoring CDP, you can use the following commands in management mode:

Command Function

show pdp traffic

Show the traffic of CDP packet transmitted or received by router

show pdp neighbor

[detail] Show all the neighbor detected by CDP

Example 1：

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

show

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (27)memory memory info (28)pdp pdp State information …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-49): 28 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)neighbor pdp neighor information (01)traffic pdp statistics Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

Example 2：

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

show

…… (27)memory memory info (28)pdp pdp State information …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-45): 28 (00)neighbor pdp neighor information (01)traffic pdp statistics Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 (00)detail Show detailed information (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

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4.2.5 Example of CDP configuration

1. Enable CDP function

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]# pdp run [DEFAULT@Router /config/]# int f0/0 [DEFAULT@Router /f0/0/]# pdp enable configuring the CDP message interval and message holdtime [DEFAULT@Router /config/]# pdp timer 30 [DEFAULT@Router /config/]# pdp holdtime 90 monitoring CDP message [DEFAULT@Router /enable/]# show pdp neighbors Capability Codes:R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater Device ID Local IntrfceHoldtmeCapabilityPlatform Port ID joeEth 0 133 4500 Eth 0 samEth 0 152 R AS5200 Eth 0

4.3 Directory of VTY configuration

4.3.1 Introduction of VTY configuration

D-Link Router utilize command line to configure the terminal parameter in simple and agile. The

process of configuration coincides with the habit of user. The setting of width and height can be

displayed to terminal in command line.

1. Software configuration

In this section, we will introduce how to configure pseudo terminal. Please see the chapter “VTY command” to get more configuring commands of pseudo terminal.

2. Configuring task

D-Link Router has four types of circuit: console, auxiliary, asynchronization and virtual terminal circuit. The different Router has different amount of above-mentioned circuit. Following are references about correctly configure the software and hardware.

Type Interface Description Rule of circuit numbering

CON(CTY) Console Use for login the Router

and configuring.

Number 0

AUX Assistant

RS-232 DTE port is use for backup asynchronous port (TTY) and cannot be use as the second console port.

Number: less than (or equal to) 4 slots is 65. Otherwise, it is accounted as the number slot multiplied by 16 and then adds one.

TTY asynchronization

This is asynchronous interface. Usually use for dialup converstation with SLIP and PPP remote contact.

Start number is 1. The amount of number will change with variation of platform. The range of number is maxium asynchronous interfaces that Router supported. For example, No. 1 slot has 16 asynchronous modules, No. 2 slot is empty, and No. 3 has 8 synchronous modules. Thus, a1/0 correspond to line 1, a1/15 correspond to line 16,s3/0 correspond to line 17 and s3/7 correspond to line 24.

VTY

Virtual asynchronization

Use for connect to Telnet, X.25 PAD, HTTP and Rlogin of synchronous

The 64 numbers that form maxium number of TTY circuit and add one.

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port of Router (such as Ethernet and serial interface).

3. Relation of circuit and interface

♦

Asynchronous interface and TTY circuit

♦

Synchronous interface and VTY circuit

Asynchronous interface and TTY Asynchronous interface correspond to physical terminal circuit [TTY]. Asynchronous interface can be connecting with terminal while protocol is not encapsulated.

Synchronous interface and VTY circuit: Virtual terminal circuit provides to access Router through the synchronous interface. Corresponing of VTY circuit to synchronous interface is different from TTY.

circuit to asynchronous interface. The reason is VTY circuit is dynamic created in Router but TTY circuit is static physical port. While a user connects to Router through VTY circuit, the user is connecting a virtual port of interface. Every asynchronous interface has multiple virtual ports if it is permitted.

For example, several Telnet connect to a interface [Ethernet or serial interface].

4.3.2 enter the mode of line configuring

configure terminal parameter

Please see the section of”Example of VTY configuration“ to understand the configuration of VTY.

1. Supervise and maintain VTY connection

Use the command show line to view VTY configuration.

♦

Example of

VTY

configuration

♦

Example of

TTY

configuration

Following confirguration is to set bandwidth of terminal output and screen ouput lines of terminal. The

user login at this port and the prompt more displayed per 40 lines. Line width limited in 132 characters,

or go to newline:

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

line

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)aux Auxiliary line (01)console Primary terminal line (02)tty Terminal controller (03)vty Virtual terminal Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3): 2 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-64> First Line number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:1 (input First Line number) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<2-64> Last Line number (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Please input a digital number:

(input Last Line number) Will you excute it? (Y/N):y Key Word: Q(quit) …… (35)where display all outgoing telnet connection (36)width Set width of the display terminal

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Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-36): 36 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)<0-256> Number of characters on a screen line(0 for no line wrap) Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:

132

（

input Number of characters） Will you excute it? (Y/N):y Key Word: Q(quit) …… (15)length Set number of lines on a screen (16)line Configure a terminal line …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-36): 15 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)<0-512> Number of lines on screen (0 for no pausing) Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:

（

input Number of lines）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

2. Following configuration set s1/0 as TTY port.

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (25)pdp pdp configuration commands (26)physical-layer Configure physical layer parameters …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-34): 26 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)flow-control Flow control (01)mode Configure sync or async physical layer on serial interface (02)sampling set clock sampling mode (03)speed port speed Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)async asynchronous mode (01)sync synchronous mode Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

In this configuration, the straight back-to-back cable connected with s1/0 port. If the connection is

remote access through Modem, line dial should be configured before the command config-async mode interactive.

4.3.3 Example of VTY configuration

All the limitation of VTY screen output lines will be canceled by following configuration, prompt

will disappear.

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

line

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)aux Auxiliary line (01)console Primary terminal line (02)tty Terminal controller (03)vty Virtual terminal

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Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3): 3 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<0-63> First Line number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:

（

input First Line number） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-63> Last Line number (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Please input a digital number:

（

input Last Line numbe） Will you excute it? (Y/N):y Key Word: Q(quit) …… (15)length Set number of lines on a screen (16)line Configure a terminal line …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-36): 15 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)<0-512> Number of lines on screen (0 for no pausing) Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:

（

input Number of lines ）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

4.4 configuring RMON

This chapter describes how to configure the RMON monitoring function on the D-link router.

4.4.1 Configure RMON alarm function

User can configure the RMON alarm function through the command line or SNMP network management application. If you configure it through the SNMP network management application, you should also configure the SNMP of router. After enabling the alarm function, the device can monitoring some statistics of the system. The steps of configuring RMON alarm function is listed below:

Command Function

cd config

Enter the global configurative mode

rmon alarm

index variable interval

{

absolute

| delta} rising-threshold value [eventnumber] falling-threshold value [eventnumber] [owner string]

Add a RMON alarm item:

index is the index of the items，range from 1 to 65535

zvariable --the object under monitoring of the MIB It must be a useful MIB object of the system, and only those objects with the

types of INTEGER、Counter、Gauge or TimeTicks can be detected.

zinterval is the time interval of sample, count in seconds. Its range is 1~4294967295

z absolute is used to monitor the value of MIB object directly;delta

is used to monitor the change of MIB-object value between two sample.

z value is used to remark the limitation of creating an alarm, the

corresponding eventnumber represent the index of events which will occur when the limitation is meet.

z owner string can be used to describe some descriptive message

of the alarm

cd..

Back to management mode

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write

Save the configuration

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

rmon

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)alarm Configure an RMON alarm (01)event Configure an RMON event Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-65535> alarm number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:

100

(input alarm number) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)WORD MIB object to monitor Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

abc

(input MIB object) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-4294967295> Sample interval Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:

500

（

input interval） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)absolute Test each sample directly (01)delta Test delta between samples Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)rising-threshold Configure the rising threshold Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<-2147483648-2147483647> rising threshold value

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

10000

（

input rising threshold value ） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)falling-threshold Configure the falling threshold (01)<1-65535> Event to fire on rising threshold crossing

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<-2147483648-2147483647> falling threshold value Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

100000

（

input falling threshold value ） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-65535> Event to fire on falling threshold crossing (01)owner Specify an owner for the alarm (02)<CR>

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)WORD Alarm owner Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

dlink

（input alarm owner）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

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After configuring an item of alarm, device will get the oid value designated by variable every interval seconds, and compare the value with former one according to the alarm type(absolute or delta), if the current value is larger and exceed the limitation designated by the rising-threshold, the event whose index is eventnumber will be induced.（if the eventnumber is 0 or the event table doesn’t has an event

whose index is eventnumber, the event will not be induced）.vice versa； if the oid designated by variable can not be get, the alarm table status of this line will be set as invalid. When the command “rmon alarm” is used many times to configure the same index of alarm item, only the parameters of last

time is available. You can use the command “no rmon alarm index” to delete the alarm table whose index is index.

4.4.2 Configuring the RMON event function

The steps of configuring the RMON event are listed below:

参数参数说明

Command Function

cd config

Enter the global configurative mode

rmon event index [description

string] [log] [owner string] [trap community]

Add a RMON event table

index is the index of the items，its range is 1~65535

z description is the descriptive information of the event

z log means that a log message will be added to the log table

whenever the event is induced.

z trap means that a trap is generated when the event is induced,

community is the group name.

z owner string can be used to describe some descriptive message

of the event.

cd..

Back to management mode

write

Save the configuration

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

rmon

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)alarm Configure an RMON alarm (01)event Configure an RMON event Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-65535> event number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:

(input event number) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)description Specify a description of the event (01)log Generate RMON log when the event fires …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)WORD Event description Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

fire

（

input Event description） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)log Generate RMON log when the event fires (01)trap Generate SNMP trap when the event fires ……

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Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)trap Generate SNMP trap when the event fires (01)owner Specify an owner for the event (02)<CR> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)WORD Event owner Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

dlink

（

input Event owner） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)trap Generate SNMP trap when the event fires (01)<CR> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

After your configuring the RMON event, when the RMON alarm is induced, the evenLastTimeSent region of the event item will be updated as the current sysUpTime firstly. If the event is configured with log attribute, a message will be added into the log table; If the event is configured with trap attribute, then a trap will be send while the group name is community. When the command “rmon event” is used many times to configure the same index of event item, only the parameters of last time is available. You can use the command “no rmon event index” to delete the event table whose index is

index

4.4.3 Configuring collection function of the RMON

RMON collection group is used to monitoring the statistic information of each port. The configuration steps of RMON collection function are given below:

Command Function

cd config

Enter the global configurative mode

interface iftype ifid

Enter the interface configurative mode

iftype is the type of the interface

ifid is ID of the interface

rmon collection stat index [owner string]

Enable the collection function of the interface

index is index of the collection items

owner string is used to describe some descriptive message of the

collection items

cd..

Back to global configurative mode

cd..

Back to management mode

write

Save the configuration

[DEFAULT@Router /E1/1/]#

rmon

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)collection Configure Remote Monitoring Collection on an interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)history Configure history (01)stats Configure statistics Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-65535> Set RMON statistics control index

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Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

100

(input index number) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)owner Set the owner of this RMON collection Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

dlink

(input owner name) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

When the command “rmon collection stat” is used many times to configure the same index of collection item, only the parameters of last time is available. You can use the command “no rmon collection stats index” to delete the collection item whose index is

index

4.4.4 Configuring the RMON history function

RMON history function is used to collect the statistic information of a port in various times. The steps of configuring the collection history are listed below:

Command Function

cd config

Enter the global configurative mode

interface

iftype ifid

Enter the interface configurative mode

iftype is type of the interface

ifid is ID of the interface

rmon collection history

index [buckets bucket-number] [interval second] [owner owner-name]

Enable the RMON collection history function of the interface:

index is the index of history items

In all the statistics collected by the collection history function, item of the nearest bucket-number must be saved. You can get these statistics by browsing the Ethernet history record table. The default item number is 50.

second is the time interval between every two statistics acquisition. The default interval is 1800 seconds(halfhour)

owner string is used to describe some descriptive message of the collection history table

cd..

Back to the global configurative mode

cd..

Back to the management mode

write

Save the configuration

[DEFAULT@Router /E1/1/]#

rmon

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)collection Configure Remote Monitoring Collection on an interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)history Configure history (01)stats Configure statistics Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-65535> Set RMON history control index Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

100

(input index number) Key Word: Q(quit)

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(00)buckets Requested buckets of intervals. Default is 50 buckets (01)interval Interval to sample data for each bucket. Default is 1800 seconds (02)owner Set the owner of this RMON collection (03)<CR> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-65535> Requested buckets of intervals Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

500

（

input buckets of intervals） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)interval Interval to sample data for each bucket. Default is 1800 seconds (01)owner Set the owner of this RMON collection (02)<CR>

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-3600> Interval in seconds to sample data for each bucket Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

100

（

input value of Interval） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)owner Set the owner of this RMON collection (01)<CR> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)WORD RMON collection owner Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

dlink

（

input owner name） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<CR> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

After being added a history table, the device will get a collection from the designated interface every

second

seconds and add the result as an item to the Ethernet history record table. When the command “rmon collection history index” is used many times to configure an item with the same index, only the parameters of last time is available; you can use the command “no rmon history index” to delete the history item whose index is

index.

Note that it will occupy system resources if the bucket-number is too

large or the interval second is two small.

4.4.5 Display the RMON configuration

You can use the command “show” to display the RMON configuration of the router:

Command Function

show rmon [alarm] [event] [statistics] [history]

Display the configurative information of RMON

alarm means that it will show the alarm items

event means that it will show the event items and items included in the log table which is created because of the event being induced.

statistics means that it will show the statistic items and the statistics acquired from the interface.

history means that it will show the history items and the statistics acquired from the interface during some given time

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intervals.

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

show

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (34)rmon rmon statistics (35)route-map Information of route-map …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-50): 34 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)alarm Display the RMON alarm table (01)history Display the RMON history table (02)event Display the RMON event table (03)statistics Display the RMON statistics table (04)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): 3 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)alarm Display the RMON alarm table (01)history Display the RMON history table (02)event Display the RMON event table (03)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3): 3 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

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5. WANs Configuration

In this section, we will introduce the configuring method and process that of the correlative protocol of WAN. In addition, the configuring example will be provided to you for practice. The protocols of WAN that introduced in this section include: FR、X.25、PPP、PPPOE、SLIP、HDLC, LLC2 etc. You can straight enter the next index to search the content that you interested.

5.1 Overview

D-Link Router provides wide-range capacity of network that widely adapt to various envioronment of network.

5.1.1 Destination of File

In this section we will introduce some general instruction of protocol component configuring as below:

This section includes some brief description of technology. Please see the correlative charpters to obtain detailed information of configuration.

5.1.2 Frame Relay (FR)

D-Link frame relay implements currently supported IP route and individual line.

Frame relay softwares provide following capabilities:

Support three kinds implementing specifications that generally accepted by frame relay of local management interface (LMI).

The connecting specification of frame relay interface that assigned by Northern Telecom, Digital Equipment Corporation, StrataCom, and D-Link Systems.

T1.617 accessories D, the signal specification of frame relay that adopted by ANSI.

Q.933 accessories A, the signal specification of frame relay that adopted by telecommunication standard department of Internation Telecommunication Union (ITU-T).

Accord with ITU-T I-series recommended 122, “attached packet mode provides service framework”

T1.618, the encapsulating specification of frame relay that adopted by ANSI.

Q.922 accessories A, the encapsulating specification of frame relay that adopted by ITU－T.

Accord with RFC 2427 Internet engineering task Force (IETF) encapsulated except bridge.

Support following keepalive mechanism, multicast group, status message:

Keepalive mechanism provides information exchange between network service and Exchange that varify the fluidness of data.

Multicast mechanism provides local Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI) and multicast DLCI. The feature is special for implement the connecting specification of frame relay.

Status mechanism provides the status report of DLCI running that Exchange known.

Support the reverse ARP protocol that described by RFC1293. It allowed the Router that running the frame relay protocol to detect the protocol address of end-to-end equipment with virtual circuit.

Support the exchange of frame relay, the exchanging of data packet base on DLCI (medium accessing control address that correspond with frame relay). In the frame relay network, Router can be configured as mixed DTE Exchange or simple frame relay DCE accessing node. Following configurations are allowed by implementation of D-Link frame relay exchanging:

♦

Exchanging in IP channel

♦

Network－network interface (NNI) to other frame relay Exchange

♦

Local serial－serial exchange

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The frame relay exchange will be used while the entire flow that received by a DLCI can be sent to a similar next-skip address by another DLCI. In this condition, it is no need to examine the frame one by one for confirm the target address, and thereby reduce the load of Router.

5.1.3 LAPB and X.25

X.25 is one of a group of specifications published by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T); these specifications are international standards

that are formally called Recommendations. The ITU-T Recommendation X.25 defines how connections

between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data communications equipment (DCE) are maintained for remote terminal access and computer communications. The X.25 specification defines protocols for two layers of the OSI reference model. The data link layer protocol defined is LAPB. The network layer is sometimes called the packet level protocol (PLP), but is commonly (although less correctly) referred to as "the X.25 protocol."

The ITU-T updates its Recommendations periodically. The specifications dated 1980 and 1984 are the most common versions currently in use. Additionally, the International Standards Organization (ISO) has published ISO 7776:1986 as an equivalent to the LAPB standard, and ISO 8208:1989 as an equivalent to the ITU-T 1984 X.25 Recommendation packet layer. D-Link X.25 software follows the ITU-T 1984 X.25 Recommendation, except for its Defense Data Network (DDN) and Blacker Front End (BFE) operation, which follow the ITU-T 1980 X.25 Recommendation.

Note

The ITU-T carries out the functions of the former Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT). The 1988 X.25 standard was the last published as a CCITT Recommendation. The first ITU-T Recommendation is the 1993 revision.

In addition to providing remote terminal access, our X.25 software provides transport for LAN protocols—IP transmission.

Briefly, the D-Link X.25 software provides the following capabilities:

♦

LAPB datagram transport--LAPB is a protocol that operates at Level 2 (the data link layer) of the OSI reference model. It offers a reliable connection service for exchanging data (in units called frames) with one other host.

♦

X.25 datagram transport--X.25 can establish connections with multiple hosts; these connections are called virtual circuits. Protocol datagram (IP) is encapsulated inside packets on an X.25 virtual circuit. Mappings between a host's X.25 address and its datagram protocol addresses allow these datagrams to be routed through an X.25 network, thereby allowing an X.25 public data network (PDN) to transport LAN protocols.

♦

X.25 switch--X.25 calls can be routed based on their X.25 addresses either between serial interfaces on the same router to another router.

♦

PAD--User sessions can be carried across an X.25 network using the Packet Assembly and Disassembly (PAD) protocols defined by the ITU-T Recommendations X.3 and X.29.

♦

D-Link X.25 implementation does not support fast switching.

5.1.4 HDLC

The High Level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocol is based on IBM's SNA (System Network Architecture) SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control) protocol. IBM submited SDLC to ANSI and ISO after development completed and the protocol separate into U.S. standard and international standard. ANSI modified the protocol into ADCCP (Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure); ISO modified the protocol into HDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control). CCITT then adopted and modified HDLC into Link Access Procedure (LAP) and subsequently become a part of X.25 interface standard. HDLC is bit-oriented protocol that ensures the transparent of data by bit filling.

HDLC is a protocol of data packet that defined a link encapsulation of IP packet on synchronous line and runTCP/IP on point-to-point serial line.

Usually, HDLC is use for DDN line with the feature of simplness and high efficiency.

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5.1.5 SLIP

The point-to-point data link layer protocol(such as SLIP, PPP) is needed for either the router-router leased line connection, or dialup host-router connection, to complete encapsulation of frame, error control, etc.

SLIP is a data packet protocol, which defines series of characters to encapsulate the IP packet on serial line. For point-to-point line, use TCP/IP.

SLIP implementation follow RFC 1055 and supports RFC 1144 suggested TCP/IP header compression. It is also supports various connections of network equipments and hosts through SLIP.

5.1.6 PPP

PPP provides the transmission of multiprotocol datagram on point-to-point link. D-Link Router mainly implemented following functions:

♦

Follow RFC1661 and support Link Control Protocol to build, configure and test the link of data.

♦

Follow RFC1662 and support the encapsulation of IP and other upper protocols on PPP that implementthe IPCP of Network Control Protocol (NCP).

♦

Follow RFC1334 and support two universal authenticating protocols that include PAP and CHAP.

♦

Follow RFC1144 and support header compression of TCP/IP to improve the available data throughout.

♦

Provide widely option control that adapts the situation in much more as possible and supports various connections of network equipment and host through the PPP protocol.

♦

Support synchronous and asynchronous PPP protocol.

♦

Support the option of multi-link to implement multi-link binding.

♦

Support callback that provides higher security.

♦

D-Link Router supports RADIUS protocol while use as dial-up server for authentication, authorization and accouting of user’s indentity. Userinfo is saved in a host. The host and Router exchange the messages through RADIUS protocol.

5.2 Frame Relay Configuration Task List

5.2.1 Configuring Frame Relay

This chapter describes how to configuring Frame Relay on the router. For a complete description of the

commands mentioned in this chapter, refer to the "Frame Relay Commands" chapter in the Router Products Command Reference publication.

5.2.2 Frame Relay Hardware Configurations

One of the following hardware configurations is possible for Frame Relay connections:

Routers can connect directly to the Frame Relay switch.

Routers can connect directly to a Channel Service Unit/Digital Service Unit (CSU/DSU) first, and the CSU/DSU connects to a remote Frame Relay switch.

Note:

Router can connect to a Frame Relay switch through a direct connection and others through connections via CSU/DSUs. However, a single router interface configured for Frame Relay can be only one or the other.

The CSU/DSU converts V.35 or RS-449 signals to the properly coded E1/T1 transmission signal. Figure 1 illustrates the connections between the different components.

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Figuer 5-1: Typical Frame Relay Configuration

The Frame Relay interface actually consists of one physical connection between the network server and the switch that provides the service. This single physical connection provides direct connectivity to each device on a network

5.2.3 Frame Relay Configuration Task

There are required, basic steps you must follow to enable Frame Relay for your network. In addition, you can customize Frame Relay for your particular network needs and monitor Frame Relay connections. The following sections outline these tasks.

Required configuration:

♦

Encapsulate Frame Relay on interface

♦

Configure Dynamic or Static Address Mapping

Following are optional configurations. These configurations can be modified by the requirement of application:

♦

Configure LMI

♦

Customerize configuration of network

♦

Monitor and maintain the Frame Relay connection

See the “Frame Relay Configuration Example” section at the end of this chapter for ideas of how to configure Frame Relay. See the "WAN Commands" chapter for information about the Frame Relay commands.

5.2.4 Enable Frame Relay Encapsulation on interface

To set Frame Relay encapsulation, perform the following tasks beginning in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

interface

type number Specify the interface, and enter interface configuration

mode.

Encapsulation(undo) frame-relay

Enable Frame Relay and specify the encapsulation

method. Command no is use for delete ports, which include

configuration of subinterface Frame Relay encapsulating protocol.

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

interface

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 2 Please input a interface name:

s1/0

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Will you excute it? (Y/N):y Key Word: Q(quit) …… (10)dsr-ignore ignore dsr signal (11)encapsulation Set encapsulation type for an interface …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-34): 11 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)frame-relay Frame Relay Protocol (01)hdlc HDLC Protocol …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

Note:

here is two kinds of encapsulation of Cisco® router, the default Cisco® mode and the IETF(RFC 1490) mode. D-Link Router is able to automatic identify and dynamic adapt these two kinds of encapsulations.

5.3 Configuring Dynamic or Static Address Mapping

Dynamic address mapping uses Frame Relay Inverse ARP to request the next-hop protocol address for a specific connection, given its known DLCI. Responses to Inverse ARP requests are entered in an address-to-DLCI mapping table on the router; the table is then used to supply the next-hop protocol address or the DLCI for outgoing traffic.

Inverse ARP is enabled by default for all protocols it supports.You can explicitly enable Inverse ARP if the protocol is supported on the other end of the connection. See the "Disable or Reenable Frame Relay Inverse ARP" section later in this chapter for more information.

5.3.1 Configure Dynamic Mapping

Inverse ARP is opened to all protocols of all enabled network interfaces by default. Certainly, if the physical interface is disabled, the data packet cannot be transmitted and all Inverse ARP are unavailable. Because Inverse ARP is enabled by default for all protocols that it supports, no additional command is required to configure dynamic mapping on an interface.

5.3.2 Configure Static Mapping

A static map links a specified next-hop protocol address to a specified DLCI. Static mapping removes the need for Inverse ARP requests; when you supply a static map, Inverse ARP is automatically disabled for the specified protocol on the specified DLCI.

You must configure static mapping if the router at the other end does not support Inverse ARP of Frame Relay.

To configure static mapping, perform the following map command in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

frame-relay (undo) map

ip-address

pvc

dlci [

broadcast

]

[Delete/Specify]

the mapping between a next-hop protocol

address and the DLCI.

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (15)frame-relay Set parameters for Framerelay (16)help Description of the interactive help system …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-32):

Key Word:

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U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (04)local-dlci Set local DLCI parameters (05)map Set map table for Framerelay …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 5 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)A.B.C.D IP address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0):

Please input a IP Address:

192.168.0.1

（input ip address） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)pvc PVC type Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<16-1007> DLCI number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:Please input a string:

100

（

input pvc number） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)broadcast Broadcasts should be forwarded to this address (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

You can be greatly simplifying the configuration for the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol by adding the optional

broadcast

keyword when doing this task.

See the “Static Frame Relay Configuration Example” at the end of this chapter for more information about examples of static Frame Relay configuration.

5.3.3 Straight configure the LMI

The Frame Relay software supports the industry-accepted standards of the Local Management Interface (LMI). To configure the LMI, complete the steps in the following sections. The step in the first is required.

5.3.4 Set the LMI Type

If the router is attached to a public data network (PDN), the LMI type must match the type used on the public network. Otherwise, you can select an LMI type to suit the needs of your private Frame Relay network.

You can set following three types of LMIs on router: ANSI T1.617 Annex D, Group of Four Rev. #1, and

ITU-T Q.933 Annex A. Of couse, the LMI can be setted as none. To do so, perform the following

command in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Frame-relay (undo) lmi-type

{

ansi

bcisco | q933a

}

Set the LMI type, command no is use for restore the default configuration of LMI type.

exit

Quit the configuration mode.

write

Write the configuration.

Key Word:

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Q(quit) …… (15)frame-relay Set parameters for Framerelay (16)help Description of the interactive help system …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-32): 15 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)cir Set committed information rate (01)intf-type Set interface mode for Frame Relay(DTE/DCE/NNI) (02)inverse-arp Enable/disable Inverse ARP over Frame Relay (03)lmi-type Set LMI type(q933a/ansi/lmi) …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 3 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)q933a LMI type is Q933A (01)ansi LMI type is ANSI (02)bcisco LMI type is compatible with others Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 1 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y Key Word: Q(quit) …… (12)english help message in English (13)exit exit / quit …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-32): 13 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y [DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

write

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

After the Frame Relay encapsulating completed, the default LMI type is Autosense. This type is LMI of former 3000 series.

For an example of how to set the LMI type, see the "Pure Frame Relay DCE Example" section later in this chapter.

5.3.5 Set the Polling Intervals and Timer

You can set various optional counters, intervals, and thresholds to fine-tune the operation of your LMI DTE and DCE devices by performing the following commands:

Command Purpose

Frame-relay t391

seconds

Set a full status polling interval of link.

Frame-relay t392

seconds

Set the polling verification timer

Frame-relay n391

number Set a full status polling interval timer

Frame-relay n392

number Set the error threshold counter.

Frame-relay n393

number Set the monitored event counter.

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (14)fair-queue enable fair queue on interface (15)frame-relay Set parameters for Framerelay …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-32): 15 Key Word:

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U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (06)n391 Set LMI N391 counter (07)n392 Set LMI N392 counter (08)n393 Set LMI N393 counter (09)t391 Set LMI T391 timer (10)t392 Set LMI T392 timer Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 9 （choose 6-10 for your demand） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<5-30> LMI link integrity verification polling timer Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:Please input a string:

（

input the time）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

See the correlative contents in "WAN Commands reference" chapter for details about commands used to set the polling and timing intervals.

5.4 Configure Frame Relay Switching

Frame Relay switching is a means of switching packets based upon the DLCI, which can be looked upon as the Frame Relay equivalent of a MAC address. The switching is performed by configuring your router as a Frame Relay network. There are two parts to a Frame Relay network: a Frame Relay DTE (the router) and a Frame Relay DCE switch. Figure 2 illustrates this concept.

Figuer 5-2 Frame Relay Switched Network

In Figure 2, Routers A, B, and C are Frame Relay DTEs connected to each other via a Frame Relay network. Our implementation of Frame Relay switching allows our routers to be used as depicted in this Frame Relay network.

Configure Frame Relay Switching by following steps:

♦

Configure a Frame Relay supported DTE Device, DCE Switch, or NNI interfacet

♦

Configure the static route

5.4.1 Configure a Frame Relay supported DTE Device, DCE Switch, or NNI interface

You can configure the DTE device, DCE or NNI interface (DTE is the default.) that supported by Frame Relay switch. To do so, perform the following command in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Frame-relay intf-type [dce

dte

nni

]

Configure an interface type that supported by Frame Relay switch.

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (14)fair-queue enable fair queue on interface (15)frame-relay Set parameters for Framerelay ……

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Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-32): 15 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)cir Set committed information rate (01)intf-type Set interface mode for Frame Relay(DTE/DCE/NNI) …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)dte Set interface mode to FR DTE (01)dce Set interface mode to FR DCE (02)nni Set interface mode to FR NNI Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 1 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

For an example of how to configure a DTE device or DCE switch, see the section "Hybrid DTE/DCE PVC Switching Example" later in this chapter.

For an example of how to configure NNI support, see the section "Example of configuration about DCE interface supported Frame Relay switch” later in this chapter.

5.4.2 Specify the Static Route

Perform the following command in interface configuration mode to specify the route for PVC switching:

Command Purpose

Frswitch (undo)

in-port in-dlci

out-port out-dlci

[Delete/Configure]static route of PVC.

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

frswitch

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)Serial Serial interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a interface name:

s1/1

（

input the interface name） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)nnnn PVC number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0):0 Please input a string:

100

（

input the PVC number） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)Serial Serial interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a interface name:

s1/2

（

input the interface name） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)nnnn PVC number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

200

（

input the PVC number）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

For an example of how to specify a static route, see the section "Example of configure Frame Relay switch" later in this chapter.

5.4.3 Disable or Reenable Frame Relay Inverse ARP

Frame Relay Inverse ARP is a method of searching DLCI protocol address in Frame Relay networks.

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Inverse ARP creates dynamic address mappings, as contrasted with the frame-relay map command, which build static mappings. See the section "Configure Dynamic or Static Address mapping" earlier in this chapter for more information.

Inverse ARP is enabled by default Disable or reenable Inverse ARP in the following conditions:

Disable Inverse ARP for a selected protocol and DLCI pair when you know that the protocol is not supported on the other end of the connection.

Reenable Inverse ARP for a protocol and DLCI pair if equipment change and the protocol is then supported on the other end of the connection.

To enable or disable Inverse ARP, perform the following command in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

frame-relay inverse-arp

Enable Inverse ARP of Frame Relay.

frame-relay (undo) inverse-arp

Disable Inverse ARP of Frame Relay.

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (14)fair-queue enable fair queue on interface (15)frame-relay Set parameters for Framerelay …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-32): 15 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)cir Set committed information rate (01)intf-type Set interface mode for Frame Relay(DTE/DCE/NNI) (02)inverse-arp Enable/disable Inverse ARP over Frame Relay …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 2 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

5.4.4 Configure Frame Relay Subinterfaces

Please see the “Connect the Frame Relay Subinterface” for connect and define the frame relay subinterface. Perform the following configuring for difine the frame relay subinterface:

♦

Define Frame Relay Subinterface

♦

Specify the Subinterface Address

Please see the “Subinterface Configuration Example” at the end of this chapter for examples of define the subinterface configuration.

Sub-interface supports multiple logic interface or network interconnection on a physical interface, that is, it can associated multiple logic interfaces with a physical interface. The logic ones share the parameters of physical interface though each has its parameters of data link layer and network layer of the ISO 7-layered architecture.

Frame Relay subinterfaces provide a mechanism for supporting partially meshed Frame Relay

networks. Most protocols assume transitivity on a logical network; that is, if station A can talk to station

B, and station B can talk to station C, then station A should be able to talk to station C directly. Transitivity is true on LANs, but not on Frame Relay networks unless A is directly connected to C.

Configuring Frame Relay subinterfaces ensures that a single physical interface is treated as multiple virtual interfaces. This capability allows us to overcome split horizon rules. Packets received on one

virtual interface can now be forwarded out another virtual interface, even if they are configured on the same physical interface.

Sub-interfaces address the limitations of Frame Relay networks by providing a way to subdivide a partially meshed Frame Relay network into a number of smaller, fully meshed (or point-to-point) sub-networks. Each sub-network is assigned its own network number and appears to the protocols as if it is reachable through a separate interface.

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User can configure the following items on the WAN sub-interface with Frame Relay encapsulation:

♦

DLCI or Frame Relay address mapping differ with original WAN interface

♦

IP address in different networks with the original WAN interface

1. Define Frame Relay Subinterfaces

To configure subinterfaces on a Frame Relay network, perform the following command in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

interface

type number Specify an interface.

encapsulation frame-relay

Configure Frame Relay encapsulation on the serial interface.

interface

type

number.subinterface-number

{

multipoint

point-to-point

}

Specify a subinterface.

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

interface

s1/0

（

input the interface name） Will you excute it? (Y/N):y Key Word: Q(quit) …… (11)encapsulation Set encapsulation type for an interface (12)english help message in English …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-32): 11 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)frame-relay Frame Relay Protocol (01)hdlc HDLC Protocol …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y Key Word: Q(quit) …… (17)history look up history (18)interface interface configuration …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-32): 18 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Ethernet Ethernet interface (02)Serial Serial interface …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 2 Please input a interface name:

s1/0.1

（

input the sub-interface name） (00)multipoint -- multi-point sub-interface (01)point-to-point -- point to point sub-interface

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Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1

Subinterfaces can be configured for multipoint or point-to-point communication. (There is no default.)

2. Specify Subinterface Address

For frame relay subinterface, the particular subinterface DLCI value can be configured by set

frame-relay local-dlci

command if the main interface work in the DCE mode. The target end can be

dynamic resolve through reverse ARP or static mapping by

map

command

5.4.5 Configure DLCI

Use following command to configure DLCI value of subinterface:

Command Purpose

Frame-relay (undo) local-dlci

dlci [cir speed]

[delete/specify]DLCI of subinterface

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (14)fair-queue enable fair queue on interface (15)frame-relay Set parameters for Framerelay …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-32): 15 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (03)lmi-type Set LMI type(q933a/ansi/lmi) (04)local-dlci Set local DLCI parameters …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-10): 4 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<16-1007> Local DLCI Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:Please input a string:

100

（

input the DLCI number） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)cir Set committed information rate (01)<cr>

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0):

Note:

This command can use for both subinterface and main interface. Only one DLCI can be configured for point-to-point subinterface.

5.4.6 Configure Inverse ARP for Dynamic Address Mapping on Subinterfaces

Dynamic address mapping uses Frame Relay Inverse ARP to request the next-hop protocol address for a specific connection, given a DLCI. Responses to Inverse ARP requests are entered in an address-to-DLCI mapping table on the router; the table is then used to supply the next-hop protocol address or the DLCI for outgoing traffic.

Since the physical interface is now configured as multiple subinterfaces, you must provide information that distinguishes a subinterface from the physical interface. Inverse ARP must be enabled in main interface so that the interface can create Dynamic Address Mapping by Inverse ARP .

To associate a subinterface with a specific DLCI, perform the following command:

Command Purpose

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Frame-relay local-dlci

dlci [cir

speed]

Specify DLCI for multipoint subinterface.

Refer to “configuring DLCI” of the former example.

5.4.7 Configure Static Address Mapping for Subinterfaces

A static map links a specified next-hop protocol address to a specified DLCI.

To configure static mapping, perform one of the following tasks in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Frame-relay (undo) map

ipaddress pvc dlci [broadcast]

[Delete/Create] Define the mapping between a next-hop protocol address and the DLCI

Please refer to the “configuring static address mapping” above.

Note:

only one static mapping can be configured for point-to-point interface.

5.4.8 Monitor and maintain the Frame Relay Connections

To monitor Frame Relay connections, perform the following command in configuration mode. For more detail, please refer to the “commands of configuring Frame-relay”.

Command Purpose

show interface

type number Display DLCI type and LMI type of Frame Relay.

show frame-relay

Display current Frame Relay Mapping.

show frswitch

Display the information of Frame Relay switch.

DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

show

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (20)interface interface status and configuration (21)ip IP information …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-49): 20 Key Word: Q(quit) …… (02)Serial Serial interface (03)Async Asynchronous interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3): 2 Please input a interface name:

s1/0

（

input the interface name）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

If you want to show the message of frame-relay mapping or switching :

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

show

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (16)frame-relay Display Frame Relay state (17)frswitch Display Frame Relay switch state …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-49): 16 （you can also choose 17 to show

也可选

the

frame-relay switch

）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

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5.4.9 Frame Relay Configuration Examples

This section provides examples of Frame Relay configurations. It includes the following sections:

1. Encapsulation Examples

The first example that follows sets Frame Relay encapsulation at the interface.

encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay map 131.108.123.2 pvc 48 frame-relay map 131.108.123.3 pvc 49 broadcast

2. Static Address Mapping Examples

The following sections provide examples of how to configure static mapping.

Router 1 interface s1/0 ip address 131.108.64.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay intf-type dce frame-relay local_dlci 43 frame-relay map 131.108.64.1 pvc 43 Router 2 interface s1/0 ip address 131.108.64.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay map 131.108.64.2 pvc 43

5.4.10 Frame Relay Switching Examples

1. PVC Switching Configuration Example

You can configure your router as a dedicated, DCE-only Frame Relay switch. Switching is based on DLCIs. The incoming DLCI is examined, and the outgoing interface and DLCI are determined. Switching takes place when the incoming DLCI in the packet is replaced by the outgoing DLCI, and the packet is sent out the outgoing interface.

In the following Figure 3, the router switches two PVCs between interface serial 1 and 2. Frames with DLCI 100 received on serial 1 will be transmitted with DLCI 200 on serial 2.

Figuer 5-3 PVC Switching Configuration

Configuration of Router A

! interface s1/1 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay lmi-type ansi frame-relay intf-type dce frame-relay local-dlci 100 !

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interface s1/2 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay intf-type dce frame-relay local-dlci 200

！

frswitch s1/1 100 s1/2 200

2. Pure Frame Relay DCE Example

Using the PVC switching feature, it is possible to build an entire Frame Relay network using our routers. In the following Figure 4, Router A and Router C act as Frame Relay switches implementing a two-node network. The standard Network-to-Network Interface (NNI) signaling protocol is used between Router A and Router C.

Figuer 5-4 Frame Relay DCE Configuration

Configuration of Router A

! interface s1/1 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay intf-type dce frame-relay lmi-type ansi frame-relay local-dlci 100 ! interface s1/2 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay intf-type nni frame-relay lmi-type q933a frame-relay local-dlci 200

！

frswitch s1/1 100 s1/2 200 Configuration of Router C ! interface s1/1 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay intf-type dce frame-relay lmi-type ansi frame-relay local-dlci 300 ! interface s1/2 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay intf-type nni frame-relay lmi-type q933a frame-relay local-dlci 200

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！

frswitch s1/1 300 s1/2 200

3. Hybrid DTE/DCE PVC Switching Example

Routers can also be configured as hybrid DTE/DCE Frame Relay switches, see Figure 5:

Figuer 5-5 Hybrid DTE/DCE PVC Switching

In the following example, Router B acts as a hybrid DTE/DCE Frame Relay switch. It can switch frames between the two DCE ports and between a DCE port and a DTE port. Traffic from the Frame Relay network can also be terminated locally. In the example, three PVCs are defined, as follows:

Serial 1, DLCI 102 to serial 2, DLCI 201 DCE switching

Serial 1, DLCI 103 to serial 3, DLCI 301 DCE/DTE switching

Serial 2, DLCI 203 to serial 3, DLCI 302 DCE/DTE switching

DLCI 400 is also defined for locally terminated traffic.

Configuration of Router B

! interface s1/1 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay intf-type dce frame-relay local-dlci 102 frame-relay local-dlci 103 ! interface s1/2 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay intf-type dce frame-relay local-dlci 201 frame-relay local-dlci 203 ! interface s1/3 ip address 131.108.111.231 255.255.0.0 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay lmi-type ansi frame-relay map 131.108.111.4 pvc 400 broadcast

！

frswitch s1/1 102 s1/2 201 frswitch s1/1 103 s1/3 301 frswitch s1/2 203 s1/3 302

4. Subinterface Examples

The following sections provide basic Frame Relay subinterface examples.

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Basic Subinterface Examples

In the following example, subinterface 1 models a point-to-point subnet and subinterface 2 models a multipoint subnet.

interface s1/0 encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay intf-type dce interface s1/0.1 point-to-point ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 frame-relay local-dlci 20 frame-relay map 10.0.1.2 pvc 20 ! interface s1/0.2 multipoint ip addr10.0.2.1 255.255.255.0 frame-relay local-dlci 20 frame-relay map 10.0.2.2 pvc 20

5.4.11 Configure Frame Relay Subinterface with Dynamic Address Mapping

The following example configures two subinterfaces for dynamic address resolution. Each subinterface is provided with an individual protocol address and subnet mask.

local-dlci Command

specify DLCI for subinterface. Each subinterface acquired remote address by

dynamic address resolution.

interface s1/0 ip (undo) address encapsulation frame-relay frame-relay inverse-arp frame-relay lmi-type ansi ! interface s1/0.103 multipoint ip address 192.168.177.18 255.255.255.0 frame-relay local-dlci 300 ! interface s1/0.104 multipoint ip addr192.168.178.18 255.255.255.0 frame-relay local-dlci 400

5.5 X.25 Configuration

This chapter describes how to configure connections through Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB) connections and X.25 networks. X.25 protocol is connection-oriented reliable data transmitting protocol, which inculdes the LAPB rules of OSI data link layer and X.25 rules of network layer. X.25 rules defines two types of hosts:DTE and DCE.

The router using X.25 encapsulation can use as DTE or DCE equipment on protocol layer, that diffenent form hardware DTE and DCE.

To understand the complete description of the commands in this chapter, please see the “X.25 and

LAPB command” chapter of WAN Command Reference. Use command index for other commands

appeared in this chapter.

5.5.1 Configure LAPB

X.25 Level 2 or LAPB operates at the data link layer of the OSI reference model. LAPB specifies

methods for exchanging data (in units called frames), detecting out-of-sequence or missing frames,

retransmitting frames, and acknowledging frames. Several protocol parameters can be modified to change LAPB protocol performance on a particular link. Because X.25 operates the Packet Level Protocol (PLP) on top of the LAPB protocol, these tasks apply to both X.25 links and LAPB links. The parameters and their default values are summarized in Table 5.

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Command Purpose Values or Ranges Default

x25 mod

modulus Set the modulo,

8 or 128

x25 k

window-size

Set the window size（K）

2～(modulo minus-1)frames

x25 n1

bytes

Set the maximum bits per frame(N1)

137-1512

1500

x25 n2

tries

Set the counter for sending frame(N2)

1-255 times

x25 t1

seconds

Set the retransmittion timer(T1) 1-64 sec

x25 t2

seconds

Set the hardware outage period （T2）

1-32 sec

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (12)mod Set LAPB and X.25 module(8/128) (13)n1 Set LAPB max frame length (14)n2 Set LAPB retransmitting time …… (20)t1 Set LAPB transmitting timeout timer (21)t2 Set LAPB receiver timeout timer …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26):

（

you can input12,14,20 or 21 to meet your requirement） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)8/128 Module 8 or 128

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0):

Please input a string:

（

input the module number）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

LAPB Modulo and LAPB K--The LAPB modulo determines the operating mode. Modulo 8 (basic mode) is widely available, because it is required for all standard LAPB implementations and is sufficient for most links. Modulo 128 (extended mode) can achieve greater throughput on high-speed links that have a low error rate (some satellite links, for example) by increasing the number of frames that can be transmitted before waiting for acknowledgment (as configured by the LAPB window parameter, k). By its design, LAPB's k parameter can be at most one less than the operating modulo. Modulo 8 links can typically send seven frames before an acknowledgment must be received; modulo 128 links can set k to a value as large as 127. By default, LAPB links use the basic mode with a window whose size is 7.

♦

LAPB N1--When connecting to an X.25 network, use the N1 parameter value set by the network administrator. This value is the maximum number of bits in a LAPB frame, which determines the maximum size of an X.25 packet. When you are using LAPB over leased lines, the N1 parameter should be eight times the hardware maximum transmission unit (MTU) size plus any protocol overhead. Default value is highly recommended.

♦

LAPB N2--The transmit counter (N2) is the number of unsuccessful transmit attempts that are made before the link is declared down.

♦

LABP T1--The retransmission timer (T1) determines how long a transmitted frame can remain unacknowledged before the D-LINK IOS software polls for an acknowledgment. For X.25 networks, the retransmission timer setting should match that of the network.

♦

LAPB T2—The value of T2 of DTE can be different from that of DCE, however, they should inform each other. If the T2 timer is expired, the DTE(or DCE) must send a confirmation frame to the DTE(or DCE) of the partner before the partner’s T1 timer expired.

For leased-line circuits, the T1 timer setting is critical because the design of LAPB assumes that a frame has been lost if it is not acknowledged within period T1. The timer setting must be large enough to permit a maximum-sized frame to complete one round trip on the link. If the timer setting is too small, the software will poll before the acknowledgment frame can return, which may result in duplicated frames and severe protocol problems. If the timer setting is too large, the software waits longer than necessary before requesting an acknowledgment, which reduces bandwidth.

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For the examples of configuring the LAPB T1 timer, refer to “typical LAPB configuration examples”.

5.5.2 X.25 configuration task list

To configure X.25, complete the tasks in one or more of the following sections, depending upon the X.25 application or task required for your network. The interface, datagram transport, and routing tasks are divided into sections based generally on how common the feature is and how often it is used. Those features and parameters that are relatively uncommon are found in the "Additional" sections. LAPB frame parameters can be modified to optimize X.25 operation, as described earlier in this chapter.

Default parameters are provided for X.25 operation; however, you can change the settings to meet the needs of your X.25 network or as defined by your X.25 service supplier. D-LINK also provides additional configuration settings to optimize your X.25 usage.

Note:

If you connect a router to an X.25 network, use the parameters set by your network administrator for the connection; these parameters will typically be those described in the "Configure an X.25 Interface" and "Modify LAPB Protocol Parameters" sections. Also, note that the X.25 Level 2 parameters described in the "Modify LAPB Protocol Parameters" section affect X.25 Level 3 operations.

See the end of this chapter for examples of configuring the X.25.

5.5.3 Configure an X.25 interface

To configure an X.25 interface, perform the tasks in the following sections:

♦

encapsulate the X.25

♦

set the X.25 mode

♦

set the virtual circuit ranges

♦

set the X.121 address

♦

set the default flow control values

These tasks describe the parameters that are essential for correct X.25 behavior. The first task is required. The others might be required or optional, depending on what the router is expected to do and on the X.25 network.

5.5.4 encapsulating the X.25 protocol

User must encapsulate the X.25 protocol in the interface configuration mode before configuring the X.25

Command Purpose

encapsulation x25

Encapsulate X.25

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (11)encapsulation Set encapsulation type for an interface (12)english help message in English …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-30): 11 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (03)sdlc SDLC Protocol (04)x25 X.25 Protocol Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): 4 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

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5.5.5 Set the X.25 mode

A router using X.25 Level 3 encapsulation can act as a DTE or DCE protocol device (according to the needs of your X.25 service supplier)

To configure the mode of operation and one of these encapsulation types for a specified interface, perform the following task in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

x25 interface [dte|dce

]

Set the X.25 mode.

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (29)snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters (30)x25 Set parameters for X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-30): 30 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (09)interface Set X.25 interface mode(DTE/DCE) (10)k Set LAPB window size …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26): 9 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)dte Set local to DTE (01)dce Set local to DCE Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

For an example of configuring X.25 DTE operation, see the section "Typical X.25 Configuration Example" later in this chapter.

5.5.6 Set the virtual circuit ranges

The X.25 protocol maintains multiple connections over one physical link between a DTE and a DCE.

These connections are called virtual circuits or logical channels (LCs). X.25 can maintain up to 4095

virtual circuits numbered 1 through 4095. You identify an individual virtual circuit by giving its logical

channel identifier (LCI) or virtual circuit number (VCN). Many documents use the terms virtual circuit and LC, VCN, LCN, and LCI interchangeably. Each of these terms refers to the virtual circuit number.

An important part of X.25 operation is the range of virtual circuit numbers. Virtual circuit numbers are broken into two ranges (listed here in numerically increasing order):

(3) Permanent virtual circuits (PVC)

(4) Switched virtual circuits (SVC)

The switched virtual circuit (SVC) can be established by the placement of an X.25 call, much like a telephone network establishes a switched voice circuit when a call is placed.

Notes:

The ITU-T Recommendation X.25 defines "incoming" and "outgoing" in relation to the DTE or DCE interface role; D-LINK's documentation uses the more intuitive sense. Unless the ITU-T sense is explicitly referenced, a call received from the interface is an

incoming call

and a call sent out the interface is an

outgoing call

Because the X.25 protocol requires the DTE and DCE to have identical virtual circuit ranges, changes you make to the virtual circuit range limits when the interface is up are held until the X.25 protocol restarts the packet service.

To configure X.25 virtual circuit ranges, complete the following tasks as appropriate for your configuration:

Command function Range Default

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x25 htc

circuit-number

Set the highest virtual circuit number

1-4095

1024

x25 pvc

circuit-number

Set the highest permanent virtual circuit number

0-1024

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (29)snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters (30)x25 Set parameters for X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-30): 30 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (06)htc Set the highest VC number …… (19)pvc Set X.25 max PVC number …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26): 6 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-4095> Highest VC number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 00 Please input a digital number:Please input a string:20

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

Notes:

That the values for these parameters must be the same on both ends of an X.25 link. For connection to a public data network (PDN), these values must be set to the values assigned by the network. An SVC range is unused if its lower and upper limits are set to 0; other than this use for marking unused ranges, virtual circuit 0 is not available.

For an example of configuring virtual circuit ranges, see the section "Virtual Circuit Ranges Example" later in this chapter.

5.5.7 Set the X.121 address

If your router does not originate or terminate calls but only participates in X.25 switching, this task is optional. However, if the router is attached to a PDN, you must set the interface X.121 address assigned by the X.25 network service provider.

To set the X.121 address, perform the following task in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

x25 address

x121-address

Set the X.121 address.

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (29)snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters (30)x25 Set parameters for X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-30): 30 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)address Set local X.121 address (01)alias Set address alias for this port …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26): 0 Key Word: Q(quit)

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(00)WORD Local X.121 address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

123456

（input the x121 address）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

For an example of configuring the X.25 interface address, see the section "Typical X.25 Configuration Example" later in this chapter.

5.5.8 Set default flow control values

Setting correct default flow control parameters of window size and packet size is essential for correct operation of the link because X.25 is a strongly flow controlled protocol. However, it is easy to overlook this task because many networks use standard default values. Mismatched default flow control values will cause X.25 local procedure errors, evidenced by Clear and Reset events.

To configure flow control parameters, complete the tasks in the following sections.

♦

set default window size

♦

set default packet size

To configure X.25 flow control values, perform the following commands in interface configuration mode:

Command Function Range Default

x25 psize

size

Set the packet size(Byte) 128,256,512,1024

128

x25 wsize

packets

Set the window size

2-（modulo-1）

Key Word:

U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (18)psize Set X.25 max packet size …… (25)wsize Set X.25 level 3 window size (26)pad-access Accept only PAD connections from statically mapped X25 hosts Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26):

（

you can also choose 25 to set the wsize） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<128-1024> Maximum input packet size (power of 2) Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:Please input a string:

512

（

input packet size）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

Note:

Because the X.25 protocol requires the DTE and DCE to have identical default maximum packet sizes and default window sizes, changes made to the window and packet sizes when the interface is up are held until the X.25 protocol restarts the packet service.

5.5.9 Configure additional X.25 interface parameters

Some X.25 applications have less common or special needs. Several X.25 parameters are available to modify the X.25 protocol behavior for these applications.

To configure less common X.25 interface parameters for these special needs, perform the tasks in the following sections, as needed:

♦

Set the X.25 level three timers

♦

Set the X.25 address

1. Set the X.25 level 3 timers

To set the retransmission timers, perform any of the following tasks in interface configuration mode:

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Command Purpose

x25 t20

seconds

Set DTE T20 reset request, default value=180sec

x25 t23

seconds

Set DTE T23 clear request, default value=180sec

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (29)snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters (30)x25 Set parameters for X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-30): 30 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (22)t20 Set X.25 DTE Restart Request retransmission timer (23)t23 Set X.25 DTE Clear Request retransmission timer …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26):

（

you can also choose 23 to set t23） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-1000> X.25 DTE restart timer(second)

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 00 Please input a digital number:Please input a string:

100

（input DTE restart timer）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

For an example of setting the retransmission timers, see the section "DDN X.25 Configuration Example" later in this chapter.

2. Set the X.25 address

When establishing SVCs, X.25 uses addresses in the form defined by the ITU-T Recommendation X.121 (or simply an "X.121 address"). An X.121 address has from zero to 15 digits. Because of the

importance of addressing to call setup, several interface addressing features are available for X.25.

To configure the X.25 address, perform the following tasks:

♦

understand the normal X.25 address

♦

configure an interface Alias address

Understand normal X.25 address

An X.25 interface's X.121 address is used when it is the source or destination of an X.25 call. The X.25 call setup procedure identifies both the calling (source) and the called (destination) X.121 addresses. When an interface is the source of a call, it encodes the interface X.121 address as the source address. An interface determines that it is the destination of a received call if the destination address matches the interface's address.

D-LINK's X.25 software can also route X.25 calls, which involves placing and accepting calls, but the router is neither the source nor the destination for these calls. Routing X.25 does not modify the source or destination addresses, thus preserving the addresses specified by the source host. Routed (switched) X.25 simply connects the logical X.25 channels to complete the X.25 virtual circuits which are switched between zero or more routed X.25 links

Set the interface Alias address

You can supply alias X.121 addresses for an interface. This allows the interface to act as the destination host for calls having a destination address that is neither the interface's address nor the null address.

Local processing (for example, IP encapsulation) can be performed only for incoming calls whose destination X.121 address matches the serial interface or alias of the interface.

To configure an alias, perform the following task in global configuration mode:

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Command Purpose

x25 (undo) alias [string]

Supply an alias X.121address for the interface

x25 t23

seconds

Set DTE T23 clear request, default value=180sec

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (29)snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters (30)x25 Set parameters for X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-30): 30 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)address Set local X.121 address (01)alias Set address alias for this port …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)WORD Add an alias address for this port (01)<cr> Display alias address for this port Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

5.5.10 Set X.25 transport

X.25 support is most commonly configured as a transport for datagrams across an X.25 network.

Datagram transport (or encapsulation) is a cooperative effort between two hosts communicating across

an X.25 network. You configure datagram transport by establishing a mapping on the encapsulating interface between the far host's protocol address (for example, IP address) and its X.121 address.

Perform the tasks in the following sections, as necessary, to complete the X.25 configuration for your network needs:

♦

Mapping Protocol Address to X.121 Address

1. Mapping protocol addresses to X.121 addresses

This section describes the X.25 single-protocol and multiprotocol encapsulation options that are available and describes how to map protocol addresses to an X.121 address for a remote host. This section also includes reference information about how protocols are identified.

Encapsulation is a cooperative process between the router and another X.25 host. Because X.25 hosts are reached with an X.121 address, the router must have a means to map a host's protocols and addresses to its X.121 address.

Each encapsulating X.25 interface must be configured with the relevant datagram parameters. For example, an interface that encapsulates IP will typically have an IP address.

You must also establish the X.121 address of an encapsulating X.25 interface using the

x25 address

interface configuration command. This X.121 address is the address that encapsulation calls are directed to. This is also the source X.121 address used for originating an encapsulation call and is used by the destination host to map the source host and protocol to the protocol address. An encapsulation virtual circuit must be a mapped at both the source and destination host interfaces.

For each X.25 interface, you must explicitly map each destination host's protocols and addresses to its X.121 address.

If needed and the destination host has the capability, one host map can be configured to support several protocols; alternatively, you can define one map for each supported protocol.

To set up connection, perform the following commands in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

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x25 (undo) map

ipaddress

pvc

pvc_no [

broadcast

]

Add/delete an permanent virtue circuit mapping.

x25 (undo) map

ipaddress

svc

x121-address [

broadcast][ebackup

]

Add/delete a switched virtue circuit mapping.

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (29)snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters (30)x25 Set parameters for X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-30): 30 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (11)map Set map from IP address to X.121 address (12)mod Set LAPB and X.25 module(8/128) …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26): 11 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)A.B.C.D IP address (01)pad pad links Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Please input a IP Address:

192.168.0.1

（

input ip address） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)pvc Map to PVC (01)svc Map to SVC Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 （you can choose 1 to set the SVC） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-0> PVC number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:Please input a string:

100

(00)broadcast send broadcasts to this host (01)ebackup enable ebackup to this host (02)traffic-balance enable traffic balance to this host (03)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 3 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

Ebackup means the address mapping is an enhance backup type.

Note:

Multi-protocol mapping, especially configured with broadcast, can cause particularly large communication load which need more queues, windows and virtue circuits. User can configure the OSPF through the command “broadcast”. Refer to the chapter “X.25 and LAPB commands” for the description of command “Map”.

2. Mapping the destination X.121 address to logic virtue interface

This chapter illustrates how to make a remote PC access the local network through the

X.25 network by configuring the router.

Firstly, the remote computer access the PSTN( or directly access X.25 ) network through normal dialing mode. The network supplier transfer the call to X.25 network through PAD( packet assembler/disassembler). If the local router is configured to map the destination X.121 address to the logic virtue interface, it will response the call and transfer the call to the PPP which will perform the authentication, registration, authorization and so on. The remote computer can access the local network if it pass the authenticaiton.

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Use the following command in the configuration mode:

Command Purpose

x25 (undo) map

ipaddress

pvc

pvc_no [

broadcast

]

Add/delete an permanent virtue circuit mapping.

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

translate

(00)x25 Translate to X.25 encapsulation (01)tcp Translate packet between TCP and X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 (00)WORD X.121 address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

12345678

（

input the x121address） (00)Virtual-template Virtual template interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0):

Please input a interface name:

vt1

（

input the virtual-temlate interface name）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

The basic configuration figure is giving below:

Figuer 5-6 typical configuration of mapping the X.121address to virtue interface

5.5.11 Configure additional X.25 routing features

The software of D-LINK router has the capability of configuring additional X.25 routing features:

To configure the X.25 routing features, perform the tasks in the following sections:

♦

set the encapsulation for virtue circuit idle time

♦

set theX.25 negotiation parameters

1. Set the encapsulation for virtue circuit idle time

The router will clear its switching virtue circuit after a idle period of time.

To set the idle time, use the following command in the interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

x25 idle

seconds

Set the idle time for clearing the virtue circuit, range(0-2147483647),default 100 sec

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (29)snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters (30)x25 Set parameters for X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-30): 30

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Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (07)idle Set inactivity time before clearing SVC (08)incallcheck Check calling address in incall packet or not …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26): 7 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<0-2147483647> Idle time for X.25 SVC connection of IP keep alive(second) Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a digital number:Please input a string:

300

（

input the idle time）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

Refer to the ”typical X.25 configuration examples” for the SVC idle time configuration examples.

2. configure the X.25 negotiation parameters

X.25 software provides commands which support configuration of X.25 negotiation parameters and allow D bit settings,

To set supported X.25 negotiation parameters, use the command given below in interface configuration mode:

Command Purpose

x25 (undo) dbit

Set to use the D bit setting whether or not

x25 (undo) nps

enable/disable packet length negotiation

x25 (undo) nws

enable/disable packet window size negotiation

x25 (undo) cwla

X.25 call request packet with a host address

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (29)snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters (30)x25 Set parameters for X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-30): 30 …… (02)cwla Call with/without local address (03)dbit Use Dbit mode or not …… (15)nps Enable/Disable packet size negotiation (16)nui Set network user identity (17)nws Enable/Disable window size negotiation ……

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26): 03 （choose 03,15,17,02 respectively to implement the configuration）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

5.5.12 Configure the X.25-TCP switching parameters

User can configure the X.25-TCP switching parameters with the following command

in interface configuration mode ( this function is not in the formal version but only provided in some probational version).

Command Purpose

x25 (undo) tcp user-data

line

Set the user-data utilized by x25-tcp in the interface

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x25 (undo) tcp pkt-format

[rfc1006|transparent|user]

Set the switching packet-format

x25 (undo) tcp iso-address

line

Set the ISO extension address used by x25-tcp in the

interface

Key Word: Q(quit) …… (29)snmp Modify SNMP interface parameters (30)x25 Set parameters for X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-30): 30 Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (24)tcp Set X25-TCP parameters related (25)wsize Set X.25 level 3 window size …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26): 24 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)iso-address Set X.25 extend ISO address (01)pkt-format Set X25-TCP switching packet format (02)user-data Set X.25 user data …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-5):

（

you can input 0、1、2 to set various parameters

respectively） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)Line Hex ISO address Data Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

123456

（

input Hex ISO address Data）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

5.5.13 Configure PVC switching between X.25 interfaces

D-LINK router can be used as X.25 switch. It includes PVC switching and SVC switching. The two interfaces used for PVC switching must has untapped PVC.

In configuration mode, user can use the following commands to set the local PVC switching:

Command Purpose

x25switch (undo) connect port1

port1_pvc_no port2 port2_pvc_no

Set the PVC switching

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

x25switch

s1/0

(input the interface name) Key Word: Q(quit)

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(00)<1-15> PVC number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

Key Word: Q(quit) (00)Async Async interface (01)Serial Serial interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Please input a interface name:

s1/1

(input the interface name) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-15> PVC number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:13 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

The two connected interface must have valid PVC(permanent virtue circuit) if user want to configure the switching table.

5.5.14 Configure SVC switching between X.25 interface

The window size and packet length of the host that switch through the D-LINK router can be different, they can be negotiated the minimum value.

Use the following command in configuration mode:

Command Purpose

x25switch (undo/default) destination [x121addr/default] port

Set a SVC interface addressing

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

x25switch

123456

(input the x121 address) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)Serial Serial interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a interface name:

s1/0

(input the interface name)

……

5.5.15 configuring the XOT switching between X.25 interfaces

D-LINK router can implement the X.25 datagram switching basing on the TCP/IP.

Use the following command in configuration mode:

Command Purpose

x25switch (undo) xot pvc

local-interface local-pvc remote-interface remote-pvc remote-ip-address [

source

interface]

Set a PVC XOT interface addressing

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x25switch (undo) xot svc

x.121-address remote-ip-address [

source

interface]

Set a SVC XOT interface addressing

1. Configuring a PVC XOT interface addressing

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

x25switch

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)connect Add/delete a PVC route in X.25 switch table (01)destination Add/delete a SVC route in X.25 switch table (02)xot Configure X25 over TCP route in X.25 switch table Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 2 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)pvc Add/delete a PVC route based on XOT in X.25 switch table (01)svc Add/delete a SVC(xot) route in X.25 switch table Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)Async async interface (01)Serial serial interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Please input a interface name:

s1/0

（input interface name） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-15> Local PVC number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

（

input pvc number） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)Async async interface (01)Serial serial interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Please input a interface name:

s2/0

Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-15> Local PVC number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:15 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)A.B.C.D romote ip address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a ip address:

10.0.0.1

（

input the remote ip address） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)source source interface (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

2. Configuring a SVC XOT interface addressing

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

x25switch

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)connect Add/delete a PVC route in X.25 switch table

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(01)destination Add/delete a SVC route in X.25 switch table (02)xot Configure X25 over TCP route in X.25 switch table Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 2 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)pvc Add/delete a PVC route based on XOT in X.25 switch table (01)svc Add/delete a SVC(xot) route in X.25 switch table Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)WORD Destination X.121 address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

12345678

(input x121 address) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<A.B.C.D> Remote IP Address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a IP Address:1

92.168.0.1

（iput ip address） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)source local source interface (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):1 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

5.5.16 Configuring the X.25-TCP switching gateway

D-LINK router can implement the datagram switching between X.25 and TCP/IP.

User the following command in configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Translate (undo) tcp ip

ip-address

svc

intr1 x121address1

lport

locport

rport

remport [

backup

intr2

x121address2]

Set a mapping between the source IP address and destination X.121 address, configure the local and remote TCP monitor interface

translate (undo) tcp ip

ip-address

pvc

intr1 pvc#1

lport

locport

rport

remport [

backup

intr2 pvc#2]

Set a mapping between the source IP address and destination PVC address, configure the local and remote TCP monitor interface

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

translate

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)x25 Translate to X.25 encapsulation (01)tcp Translate packet between TCP and X.25 Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)ip Specified the source IP address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<A.B.C.D> Source IP Address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a ip address:

10.0.0.1

（input remote ip address） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)pvc Use pvc to connect to remote (01)svc Use svc to connect to remote

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Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):

（

you can also choose 0 to implement the pvc

configuration） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)Serial Serial interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a interface name:

s1/0

（

input the interface name） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)WORD Remote X.121 address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

1234

（

input x121 address） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)lport Specified the local listen port Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-65535> Listen port number

Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

100

（input Listen port number）

Key Word:

Q(quit) (00)rport Specified the remote listen port Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<1-65535> Listen port number Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

200

（

input Listen port number，remote） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)backup Backup interface configuration (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

5.5.17 Monitoring and maintaining the LAPB and X.25

To monitor and maintain the X.25 and LAPB, use the following commands in configuration mode:

Command Purpose

clear x25 port

vc-number

Clear SVC

show interface serial

number

Display the operation statistic of interfaces

show x25

Display the X.25 interface address mapping

show x25switch

Display the X.25 switching table

debug (undo) lapb

[

iframes|sframes|uframes|raw

]serial

Debug the LAPB frames

debug (undo) x25

[

events|normal

|raw|xot]serial

Debug the x25 internal events and datagram

debug x25 (undo) xot

Debug the setup of xot

debug (undo)x25 tcp

[

data|event|list

]

Debug the events, data receiving and transmitting, link status of x25-tcp

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The specifications are given below:

1、clear SVC

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

clear

…… (10)telnet Clear incoming telnet connection (11)x25 Clear X.25 circuits Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-11): 11 (00)Serial Serial interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 00 Please input a interface name:

s0/1

（

input interface name） (00)<1-16> SVC number need to clear Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 00 Please input a digital number:Please input a string:

（

input the SVC number ）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

2、Display the operation statistic of interfaces

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

show

…… (16)hosts Host table (17)interface interface status and configuration …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-45): 17 (00)FastEthernet FastEthernet interface (01)Serial Serial interface (02)Async Asynchronous interface Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2):01 Please input a interface name:

s0/1

（

input interface name）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

3、show the address mapping of an X.25 interface

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

show

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) …… (47)vpdn vpdn group (48)x25 Display X.25 state …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-50): 48 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)tcp Show X25-TCP State (01)vc Display X.25 state (02)xot Show XOT State Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

4、Display the X.25 switching table

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

show

…… (43)x25 Display X.25 state (44)x25switch Show X.25 switch route table (45)x29 Show X.29d X3 pad parameters Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-45): 44 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

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5、Debug the LAPB frames

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

debug

…… (14)l2tp L2TP information (15)lapb LAPB information …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-27): 15 (00)iframes LAPB I frames

(01)raw LAPB raw frames content (02)sframes LAPB S frames (03)uframes LAPB U frames Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-3): 00 (00)interface-name (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 00 Please input a interface name:

s0/1

（

input interface name）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

6、Debug the x25 internal events and datagram

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

debug

…… (26)tunnel Generic Tunnel Interface (27)x25 X.25 information Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-27): 27 (00)events All non-data packets (01)normal All data packets (02)packet raw packets (03)tcp Debug X25-TCP (04)xot Debug XOT(X.25-Over-TCP) packet Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): 00 (00)interface-name (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 00 Please input a interface name:

s0/1

（

input interface name）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

7、Debug the setup process of xot

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

debug

…… (26)tunnel Generic Tunnel Interface (27)x25 X.25 information Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-27): 27 (00)events All non-data packets (01)normal All data packets (02)packet raw packets (03)tcp Debug X25-TCP (04)xot Debug XOT(X.25-Over-TCP) packet Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): 4 (00)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 00 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

8、Debug the events, data receiving and transmitting, link status of x25-tcp

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

debug

…… (26)tunnel Generic Tunnel Interface (27)x25 X.25 information Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-27): 27

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(00)events All non-data packets

(01)normal All data packets (02)packet raw packets (03)tcp Debug X25-TCP (04)xot Debug XOT(X.25-Over-TCP) packet Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-4): 3 (00)data X25TCP data packet (01)event X25TCP event (02)link-status X25TCP link status Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 00 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

5.5.18 X.25 and LAPB configuration examples

The following sections provide examples to help you understand how to configure LAPB and X.25 for your network:

1. Typical LAPB configuration example

In the following example, the frame size (N1), window size (k), and maximum retransmission (N2) parameters retain their default values. The

encapsulation

interface configuration command sets DCE

operation to carry a single protocol, IP by default. The

lapb t1

interface configuration command sets the

retransmission timer to 4 seconds for a link with a long delay or slow connecting DTE device.

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#interface s1/0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#encapsulation x25 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 interface dce [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 t1 4

2. Typical X.25 configuration example

Network requirement

This chapter will introduce some typical X.25 configuration examples to make you understand more about the tasks and contents related with X.25 of D-LINK router. Note that the content after the “!” is not a part of the command but only a remark.

Figure

Link two router through the back-to-back serial interface directly:

User can merely configure these two routers like the figure below if you only need to connect two routers directly through serial interface with the encapsulation of X.25 and IP datagram.

Figuer 5-7 two routers connect directly through a serial interface

Configuration steps

Configuring router A

! Select an interface [DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#cd config

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3. Connecting the router to X.25 public packet network

Network requirement

Router A,B,C are connected to the same X.25 network to communicate with each other, as the following figure, the configurations are:

The IP address of these routers are 168.173.24.1, 168.173.24.2 and 168.173.24.3 ；

Routers X.121 address assigned by the network are 30561001, 30561002, 30561003

The standard receiving and transmitting window size supported by the packet network are both 5.

The standard maximum receiving and transmitting packet length are both 512

Figure

3 connect the router to X.25

community packet network

Configuration steps

Configuring Router A

! Configuring the interface IP address [DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#cd config [DEFAULT@Router /config/]#interface s1/0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#ip address 168.173.24.1 255.255.255.0 ! Connect to public packet network and make the router operate as DTE: [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#encapsulation x25 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 address 30561001 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 htc 32 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 map 168.173.24.2 svc 30561002 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 map 168.173.24.3 svc 30561003 Configuring Router B ! Configuring the interface IP address [DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#cd config [DEFAULT@Router /config/]#interface s1/0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#ip address 168.173.24.2 255.255.255.0 ! Connect to public packet network and make the router operate as DTE: [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#encapsulation x25 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 address 30561002 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 htc 32 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 map 168.173.24.1 svc 30561001 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 map 168.173.24.3 svc 30561003 Configuring Router C !Configuring the interface IP address

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[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#cd config [DEFAULT@Router /config/]#interface s1/0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#ip address 168.173.24.3 255.255.255.0 ! connect to public packet network and make the router operate as DTE: [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#encapsulation x25 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 address 30561003 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 htc 32 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 map 168.173.24.1 svc 30561001 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 map 168.173.24.2 svc 30561002

5.5.19 Configuring the virtue circuit ranges

Perform the following commands to set the router’s interface serial 1/0 to be encapsulated with X.25, and the ranges of virtue circuit are: PVC [1,8] ,SVC [9,64].

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#cd config [DEFAULT@Router /config/]#interface s1/0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#encapsulation x25 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 htc 64 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 pvc 8

5.5.20 Configuration example of XOT based on PVC

The configuration commands and arrangement plan are as follows:

Figuer 5-8 arrangement plan of XOT based on PVC

Configuring router B1:

[DEFAULT@Router /s1/1/]#ip address 8.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/1/]#enc x25 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/1/]#x25 interface dce [DEFAULT@Router /s1/1/]#x25 pvc 2 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/1/]#x25 map 8.0.0.10 pvc 1

Configure router C1:

[DEFAULT@Router /f0/0/]#ip address 192.168.20.92 255.0.0.0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#ip address 8.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#enc x25 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 pvc 2 [DEFAULT@Router /co

nfig/]#x25switch xot pvc serial 1/0 1 serial 1/1 1 192.168.20.22

Configuring router C2

[DEFAULT@Router /f0/0/]#ip address 192.168.20.22 255.0.0.0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/1/]#ip address 8.0.0.11 255.0.0.0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/1/]#enc x25 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/1/]#x25 pvc 2 [DEFAULT@Router /config/]#x25switch xot pvc serial 1/1 1 serial 1/0 1 192.168.20.92

Configuring router B2:

[DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#ip address 8.0.0.10 255.0.0.0 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#enc x25 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 interface dce

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[DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 pvc 2 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]#x25 map 8.0.0.1 pvc 1

5.5.21 Configuring X.25-TCP switching examples

The configuration commands and arrangement plan are as follows:

Figuer 5-9 arrangement plan of X25-TCP

Configuring router B1:

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#translate tcp ip 192.168.20.130 svc s1/0 111 lport 2000 rport 2000 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]# encapsulation x25 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]# x25 address 222 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]# x25 tcp user-data 03010100 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]# x25 tcp pkt-format RFC1006 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]# x25 tcp iso-address 000fc909103600001111cb09103600002222 [DEFAULT@Router /s1/0/]# ip address 192.168.20.131 255.255.255.

5.6 Configuring X.25 PAD

5.6.1 Network Topology

This chapter describes how to to make connections with remote devices using the X.25 protocol by PAD operation.

For a complete description of the PAD commands in this chapter, refer to the WANs Command Reference. To locate documentation of other commands that appear in this chapter, use the command

reference master index or search online.

5.6.2 About Network Topology

PADs are configured to enable X.25 connections between network devices. A PAD is a device that receives a character stream from one or more terminals, assembles the character stream into packets, and sends the data packets out to a host. A PAD can also do the reverse. It can take data packets from a network host and translate them into a character stream that can be understood by the terminals. A PAD is defined by CCITT Recommendations X.3, X.28, and X.29.

Figuer 5-10 shows a remote X.25 user placing a call through an X.25 switched network, to the internal PAD application on a D-Link router, and to an X.25 host located inside a corporate data center.

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Figuer 5-10 Standard X.25 Connection Between a Dumb Terminal and an X.25 Host

PADs can also be configured to work with a protocol translation application. Figure 87 shows an

Example of a remote PC placing an analog modem call to an IP network, connecting to a

D-LINK 4500-M router, allowing its IP packets to undergo an IP-to-X.25 protocol translation, which in turn communicates with an internal PAD device and establishes a connection with an X.25 host.

Figuer 5-11 PC Dialing In to an X.25 Host Using Protocol Translation

5.6.3 Description

X.28 emulation is the standard user interface between data terminal equipment (DTE) and a packet assembler/disassembler (PAD). The D-Link router provides an X.28 user emulation mode, which enables you to interact with and control the PAD. During this exchange of control information, messages or commands sent from the terminal to the PAD are called PAD command signals. Messages sent from the PAD to the terminal are called PAD service signals. These signals and any transmitted data take the form of encoded character streams as defined by International Alphabet Number 5.

For asynchronous devices such as terminals or modems to access an X.25 network host, the device's packets must be assembled or disassembled by a PAD device. Using standard X.28 commands from the PAD, calls can be made into an X.25 network, X.3 PAD parameters can be set, or calls can be reset. X.3 is the ITU-T recommendation that defines various PAD parameters used in X.25 networks. There are 22 available X.3 PAD parameters to configure. X.3 PAD parameters are internal variables that define the operation of a PAD. For example, parameter number 9 is the crpad parameter. It determines the number of bytes to add after a carriage return. X.3 parameters can also be set by a remote X.25 host using X.29.

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Figuer 5-12 Asynchronous Device Dialing In to an X.25 Host over an X.25 Network

5.6.4 Application

X.28 enables PAD system administrators to dial into X.25 networks or set PAD parameters using the X.28 standard user interface. This standard interface is commonly used in many European countries. It adheres to the X.25 International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication (ITU-T) standards.

The X.28 interface is designed for asynchronous devices that require X.25 transport to access a remote or native asynchronous or synchronous host application. For example, dial-up applications can use the X.28 interface to access a remote X.25 host. X.28 PAD calls are often used by banks to support back office applications such as ATM machines, point of sales authorization devices, and alarm systems. An ATM machine may have an asynchronous connection to an alarm host and a D-Link router. When the alarm is tripped, the alarm sends a distress call to the authorities via the D-Link router and a X.28 PAD call.

D-Link router’s X.28 PAD calls can be transported over a public packet network, a private X.25 network, the Internet, a private IP-based network, or a Frame Relay network. X.28 PAD can also be used with protocol translation. Protocol translation and VTY asynchronous interfaces enable users to bidirectionally access an X.25 application with the PAD service or other protocols such as Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), local-area transport (LAT), and transmission control protocol (TCP).

5.6.5 Configuration Task List

The following optional tasks are described in this section:

♦

Place and Clear Calls

♦

Customize X.3 Parameters

♦

Monitor X.25 PAD Connection

Access X.28 mode using the x28 EXEC command pad. Then push the Ctrl-p to enter pad mode. the

default PAD mode prompt is character “pad” and the symbol “>“. After complete pad>, you can use the standard PAD user interface and configure PAD.

5.6.6 Place and Clear Calls

Many X.25-related functions can be performed in PAD mode, such as placing and clearing calls. Table 20 lists the available PAD command signals that can be issued.

In X.28 mode, the are various PAD command signals you can use. You can choose to use the standard or extended command syntax. For example, you can enter the

clr

command or

clear

command to clear a call. A command specified with standard command syntax is merely an abbreviated version of the extended syntax version. Both syntaxes function the same.

Command Purpose

Clr

Clear a virtual call.

Help

Display help information.

Int

Send an interrupt packet.

par? Par

Show the current values of local parameters.

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Prof filename

Load a standard profile.

Reset

Reset the call.

Set

Change the local values of parameters.

set?

Changes and then read the values of parameters.

Stat

Requests status of a connection.

Quit

Exit PAD connection.

5.6.7 Place a Call

you need to designate the X.121 address of information destination to setup a call with it.Perform the following commands in user mode or management mode:

Command Purpose

pad svc address

[profile-number

[r|w]]

Call a remote interface through SVC. If succeed, then enter the X.28 mode and display the “>” prompt.

pad pvc interface pvc#

[profile-number [

r|w]]

Call a remote interface through PVC. If connected,

then enter the X.28 mode and display the “>”Prompt.

SVC section：

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

pad

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)svc pad to the remote x121 address (01)pvc pad to the remote through pvc Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):

（

you can also input 0 to set pvc） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)WORD X.121 address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

1234

(input the x121 address) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<0-31> X29 pad profile number (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Please input a string:

（

input profile number） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)r X29 pad profile read-only (01)w X29 pad profile read-write Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 0 Key Word: Q(quit) (00<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

5.6.8 Clear a Call

After you connect to a remote X.25 device, you can clear the connection by using the following commands :

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Command Purpose

ctrl-p

From the remote host, escape back to the local router PAD mode.

Clr

Clear the virtual call.

5.6.9 Customerize Local X.3 Parameter

To set an X.3 PAD parameter from a local terminal, use the following commands beginning in EXEC mode or User mode:

Command Purpose

pad

address Enter X.28 mode.

Ctrl-p

From X.28 mode escape back to PAD mode.

par

Display the current X.3 PAD parameters.

set

parameter-number

new-value Change the value of a parameter.

par

Verify that the new PAD parameter was set

correctly.

[DEFAULT@Router /enable/]#

pad

Key Word: U(undo) D(default) Q(quit) (00)svc pad to the remote x121 address (01)pvc pad to the remote through pvc Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1):

（

you could also input 0 to configure the pvc） Key Word: Q(quit) (00)WORD X.121 address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Please input a string:

1234

(input the x121 address) Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<0-31> X29 pad profile number (01)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 1 Will you excute it? (Y/N):y

5.6.10 Monitor X.25 PAD Connection

To display currently opened connecting information, use the following EXE mode command:

Command Purpose

Show x25

To display currently opened X.25 connecting information.

[DEFAULT@Router /config/]#

show

Key Word: …… (47)x25 Display X.25 state (48)x25switch Show X.25 switch route table (49)x29 Show X.29d X3 pad parameters Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-49): 47 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)tcp Show X25-TCP State (01)vc Display X.25 state

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(02)xot Show XOT State Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-2): 1 Key Word: Q(quit) (00)<cr> Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 0 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

This information includes current status of virtual circuit.

5.6.11 X.25 PAD access limitation

This configuration can limit the source X121 address accessing the router.

Command Purpose

X25 map pad

x121addr

Configuring the source X121 address for the static useful pad to access the router

X25

pad-access

Enable the pad-access limitation, the configuration will be checked by using the item configured by the upper command. If it has not been configured, all the pad access will be forbidden.

Input the following commands in the interface configurative mode:

[DEFAULT@Router /s0/1/]#

x25

…… (11)map Set map from IP address to X.121 address (12)mod Set LAPB and X.25 module(8/128) …… Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26): 11 (00)A.B.C.D IP address (01)pad pad links Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-1): 01 (00)WORD originating X121 address Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-0): 00 Please input a string:

123456

（

input the x121 address，here is just a example）

Will you excute it? (Y/N):

[DEFAULT@Router /s0/1/]#

x25

…… (25)wsize Set X.25 level 3 window size (26)pad-access Accept only PAD connections from statically mapped X25 hosts Please Input the code of command to be excute(0-26): 26 Will you excute it? (Y/N):

5.6.12 PAD Signal Examples

The following examples show two ways to make a call to a remote X.25 host over a serial line. The remote host's interface address is 123456. Router-A calls router-B using the

pad 123456

EXEC

command.

[DEFAULT@RouterA /enable/]#

pad svc 123456

COM [DEFAULT@RouterB /]#

exit

CLR(cause=0x0,diag=0x0) [DEFAULT@RouterA /enable/]#

The following examples is to clear a connection with a remote X.25 host. Router-A disconnecting from router-B using the X.28 mode

clr

command.

[DEFAULT@RouterA /enable/]#

pad svc 123456

COM