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DVP04DA-S
DVP04DA-S Analog Output Module
Instruction Sheet
1 WARNING
Please carefully read this instruction thoroughly prior to use the DVP04DA-S.
The DC input power must be OFF before any maintenance.
This is an OPEN-TYPE built-in DVP04DA-S, and the DVP04DA-S is certified to meet IEC
61131-2 (UL 508) safety requirements when installed in the enclosure to prevent high
temperature, high humidity, exceessive vibration, corrosive gases, liquids, airbome dust or
metallic particles. Also, it is equipped with protective methods such as some special tool or key to
open the enclosure, in order to prevent the hazard to users or any damage to the DVP04DA-S.
Do not connect the AC power to any of the input/output terminals, or it may damage the
DVP04DA-S. Make sure that all the wiring is well conducted prior to power on.
Do not touch the internal circuit for at least 1 minute after the power is OFF.
Make sure that the DVP04DA-S is properly grounded to prevent any electromagnetic noise.
2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 Model Explanation and Peripherals
Thank you for choosing DELTA DVP PLC Series. The analog output module of DVP04DA-S series
can read/write the data of analog output module by using commands FROM / TO via DVP-PLC
SS/SA/SX MPU program. The analog output module receives 12-bit digital data of 4 groups from
PLC MPU and converts it into 4 points analog output signal either in voltage or in current.
The Software version of DVP04DA-S analog output module can be updated via RS-485
communication. Power unit and module are separate. Size is small and easy to install.
Users can select output from voltage or current via wiring. Voltage output range is 0V ~ +10V DC
(resolution is 2.5 mV). Current output range is 0mA ~ 20mA (resolution is 5 µA).
Nameplate Explanation
Input power supply spec.
Analog input/output module spec.
Model Explanation
Model
Product Series
Input + Output points
Model type
AD: Analog input module
DA: Analog output module
PT: Platinum temperature sensor s (PT-100)
TC: Thermocouple sensors (Type J/K)
2.2 Product Profile and Outline
1
2
3
90.00
3.00
25.20
4.00
4
5
V+
C
I+
H
COM
1
FG
V+
C
I+
H
COM
2
FG
●
V+
C
I+
H
COM
3
FG
V+
C
I+
H
COM
4
FG
●
Model Name
Barcode
S: for SS series MPU
P: for EP series MPU
H: fo r EH s erie s MPU
XA: Analog input/output mixed module
RT: Resistor Therm ocouple
HC: Input module of high-speed counter
PU: single axis positi oning unit
60.00
6
7
8
10
9
Unit: mm
3
Serial Number
20.4VDC ~ 28.8VD C
2.5mV or 5 A
04DA-S0 T3250003VX.XX
3.00
11
12
14
13
0V ~ + 10V or 0mA ~ +20mA
MADE IN XXXXXX
Producti on series
Production week
Producti on year (2004)
Producti on place (Taoyuan)
Serial number of versio n
Producti on Model
3.4
60.00
90.00
1. Status indicator (Power, RUN and ERROR) 8. Expansion port
2. Model name 9. Expansion unit clip
3. DIN rail clip 10. DIN rail (35mm)
4. I/O terminals 11. RS-485 Communication port
5. I/O point indicator 12. Mounting rail of the expansion unit
6. Mounting hole of the expansion unit 13. DC Power input
7. Nameplate 14. Expansion port
2.3 External wiring
*2
AC drive, r ecorder,
scale valve...
AC drive, recorder,
scale valve...
terminal of
power module
voltage output
0V~+10V
shielding cable *1
current output
shielding cable *1
*3
system grounding
class 3 groundin g
(100 or less)
DC24V
CH1
CH4
COM
COM
24+
24-
V+
I+
FG
V+
I+
FG
DC/DC
converter
CH1
CH4
Note 1: Please isolate analog output and other power
wiring.
.
Note 2: If noise interference from loaded input
.
.
.
.
terminal wiring is significant, please connect
capacitor with 0.1~0.47µF 25V for noise
filtering.
Note 3: Please connect
+15V
AG
-15V
and
system earth point and make system earth
point be grounded or connects to machine
analog output module terminal to
power module terminal
cover.
Warning: DO NOT wire to the No function terminal ●.
2.4 Terminal of analog module layout
DVP04AD-S DVP02DA-S DVP04DA-S DVP04PT-S DVP04TC-S DVP06XA-S DVP08RT-S
+
I+
COM
FG
+
I+
COM
FG
+
I+
COM
FG
+
I+
COM
FG
+
I+
COM
FG
+
I+
COM
FG
+
I+
COM
FG
+
I+
COM
FG
+
I+
COM
FG
+
I+
COM
FG
L+
L-
IFG
L+
L-
IFG
L+
L-
IFG
L+
L-
IFG
L+
L-
SLG
L+
L-
SLG
L+
L-
SLG
L+
L-
SLG
+
I+
COM
+
I+
COM
+
I+
COM
+
I+
COM
+
I+
COM
+
I+
COM
L+
LL+
LL+
LL+
L-
L+
LL+
LL+
LL+
L-
3 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 Specifications
Digital/Analog (2D/A) Module Voltage Output Current Output
Power Supply Voltage 24 VDC (20.4VDC~28.8VDC) ( –15%~+20%)
Analog Input Channel 2 channels / each module
Analog Output Range 0~10V 0~20mA
Digital Data Range 0~4000 0~4000
Resolution 12 bits (1
Output Impedance 0.5Ω or lower
Overall Accuracy
Response Time
Max. Output Current
Tolerance Carried Impedance
±0.5% of full scale of 25℃(77℉).
±1% of full scale during 0~55℃ (32~131℉).
3 ms × channels
20mA (1KΩ~2MΩ) -
- 0~500Ω
Digital Data Format 2’s complementary of 16-bit, 13 Significant Bits
Isolation Method Isolation between digital area and analog area. But no isolation among
channels.
Protection
Communication Mode
(RS-485)
Voltage output has short circuit protection but a long period short circuit
may cause internal wire damage and current output break.
Yes, communication formats are (4800 / 9600 / 19200 / 38400 / 57600 /
115200bps)
stop bit (7 E 1). Communication format of RTU mode is 8Bit, even bit, 1
stop bit (8 E 1).
be used.
If DVP04DA-S modules are connected to MPU, the modules are
Connect to DVP-PLC MPU in
Series
numbered from 0 – 7. 0 is the closest and 7 is the furthest to the MPU.
8 modules is the max and they do not occupy any digital I/O points of
the MPU
3.2 Other Specification
Max. Rated Consuming Power
Environment Condition and Wiring Follow the DVP-PLC MPU
Spec of Prevent Static Electricity All places between terminals and ground comply with the spec
4 CR (Control Register)
=2.5 mV) 12 bits (1
LSB
LSB
=5 µA)
Communication format: ASCII mode is 7Bit, even bit, 1
When connecting to PLC MPU in series, RS-485 can’t
.
24 VDC (20.4VDC~28.8VDC) (-15%~+20%), 4W, supply from
external power
DVP04DA-S Analog Output Module Explanation
RS-485
CR
Parameters
No
#0 H 4032 ○ R Model type
#2 ~ #5 Reserved
#6 H 4038 ○ R/W CH1 output value
#7 H 4039 ○ R/W CH2 output value
#8 H 403A○ R/W CH3 output value
Latched Register Name b15 b14 b13 b12 b11 b10 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Address
System used, data length is 8 bits (b7~b0). DVP-04DA model code=H 89
Reserved CH4 CH3 CH2 CH1 #1 H 4033 ○ R/W Output mode setting
Output mode setting: factory setting is H0000.
Mode 0: output voltage mode (0V~10V).
Mode 1: output voltage mode (2V~10V).
Mode 2: output current mode (4mA~20mA).
Mode 3: output current mode (0mA~20mA).
Mode 4: none use.
The output setting range of channel CH1~CH4 is K0~K4000. Factory
setting is K0 and unit is LSB.
#9 H 403B○ R/W CH4 output value
#10 ~ #17 Reserved
#18 H 4044○ R/W To adjust OFFSET value of CH1
#19 H 4045○ R/W To adjust OFFSET value of CH2
#20
H 4046○ R/W
#21
H 4047○ R/W
#22 ~ #23 Reserved
#24 H 404A○ R/W To adjust GAIN value of CH1
To adjust OFFSET value of CH3
To adjust OFFSET value of CH4
#25 H 404B○ R/W To adjust GAIN value of CH2
#26 H 404C○ R/W To adjust GAIN value of CH3
It is used to set the OFFSET value of CH1~CH4. The setting range is
K-2000~K2000. The factory setting is K0 and unit is LSB.
It is used to set the GAIN value of CH~CH4. The setting range is
K-1600~K8000. The factory setting is K2000 and unit is LSB.
#27 H 404D○ R/W To adjust GAIN value of CH4
#28 ~ #29 Reserved
#30 H 4050
#31 H 4051○ R/W Communication address setting Used to set RS-485 communication address. The setting range is from 01
#32 H 4052○ R/W Communication Baud Rate
#33 H 4053○ R/W Reset to factory setting and set
#34 H 4054
#35~#48 System used
R Error status Data register to save all error status. Please ref er to fault code chart for
╳
setting
characteristics adjustable
priority
R Software version. Show software version in hexadecimal. For example: H 010A means 1.0A.
○
○ means latched. ╳ means not latched. R means can read data by using FROM command or RS-485.
W means can write data by using TO command or RS-485.
LSB (Least Significant Bit): 1. Voltage output: 1
detail.
to 255 and the factory setting is K1.
Used to set communication baud rate (4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600,
115200bps). Communication format: ASCII mode is 7Bit, even bit, 1 stop bit
(7 E 1). Communication format of RTU mode is 8Bit, even bit, 1 stop bit (8
E 1).
b0: 4800 bps (bit/sec). b1: 9600 bps (bit/sec). (Factory setting)
b2: 19200 bps (bit/sec). b3: 38400 bps (bit/sec).
b4: 57600 bps (bit/sec). b5: 115200 bps (bit/sec).
b6-b13: reserved.
b14: exchange low and high byte of CRC check code (RTU mode only)
b15: ASCII / RTU mode selection
b15 b14 b13 b12 b11 b10 b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Reserved CH4 CH3 CH2 CH1
Output latched setting, factory setting H0000.
Give CH1 setting for example:
1. When b0=0, user can set OFFSET and GAIN value of CH1 (CR#18,
CR#24). When b0=1, inhibit user to adjust OFFSET and GAIN value of
CH1 (CR#18, CR#24).
2. b1 is used to check if characteristic register is latched. b1=0 latched
(factory setting), b1=1 not latched.
3. When b2 is set to 1, all settings are reset to factory setting.
=10V/8000=2.5mV. 2. Current output: 1
LSB
=20mA/4000=5µA.
LSB
Explanation:
1. The content of CR#0 is model type, user can read the data from program to check if there is
expansion module.
2. CR#1 is used to set two internal channels working mode of analog output module. Every channel
has four modes that can be set individually. For example: if setting CH1 to mode 2 (b2~b0=010),
CH2 to mode 1(b5~b3=001). It needs to set CR#1 to H000A. The factory setting of CR#1 is H0000.
3. CR#2 ~ CR#5, CR#10 ~ CR#17, CR#22, CR#23, CR#28, CR#29 Reserved.
4. CR #6 ~ CR#9 display CH1 ~ CH4 output signals. The setting range is K0~K4000. Factory setting is
K0 and unit is LSB.
5. CR#18 ~ CR#21 are used to adjust the OFFSET value of CH1 and CH4. The factory setting is K0
and unit is LSB. If output value equal to 0 after calculation, the adjustable range of analog output
voltage or current is -2000~+2000.
Voltage adjustable range: -5V~+5V(-2000
~+2000
LSB
Current adjustable range: -10mA~+10mA (-2000
~+2000
LSB
LSB
).
).
LSB
6. CR#24 ~ CR#27 are used to adjust the GAIN value of CH1 and CH4. The factory setting is K2000
and unit is LSB. If output value equal to 2000 after calculation, the adjustable range of analog
output voltage or current is -1600~+8000.
Voltage adjustable range: -4V~+20V(-1600
~+8000
LSB
Current adjustable range: -8mA ~+40mA (-1600
Please be noticed that GAIN VALUE – OFFSET VALUE = +400
~+8000
LSB
LSB
).
).
LSB
~+6000
LSB
(voltage or
LSB
current). If the value difference comes up small (within range), the output signal resolution is then
slim and the variation is definitely larger. On the contrast, if the value difference exceeds the range,
the output signal resolution becomes larger and the variation is definitely smaller.
7. CR#30 is fault code. Please refer to the following chart.
Fault Description Content b15~b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
Power Source Abnormal K1(H1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Analog Input Value Error K2(H2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Setting Mode Error K4(H4) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Offset/Gain Error K8(H8) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Hardware Malfunction K16(H10) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Reserved
Digital Range Error K32(H20) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Average Times Setting Error K64(H40) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Command Error K128(H80)
10000000
Note: Each fault code will have corresponding bit (b0~b7). Two or more faults may happen at the
same time. 0 means normal and 1 means having fault.
8. CR#31 is used to set RS-485 communication address. The setting range is from 01 to 255. The
factory setting is K1.
9. CR#32 is used to set RS-485 communication baud rate: 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200
bps. b0: 4800bps, b1: 9600bps, (factory setting) b2: 19200bps, b3: 38400 bps, b4: 57600 bps, b5:
115200 bps, b6-b13: reserved, b14: exchange low and high byte of CRC check code. (RTU mode
only) b15=0: ASCII mode, b15=1: RTU mode. Communication format: ASCII mode is 7Bit, even bit,
1 stop bit (7 E 1), while RTU mode is 8Bit, even bit, 1 stop bit (8 E 1).
10. CR#33 is used to set the internal function priority. For example: characteristic register. Output
latched function will save output setting to the internal memory before power loss.
11. CR#34 is software version of model type.
12. CR#35~ CR#48 are used for system.
13. The corresponding parameters address H4032~H4063 of CR#0~CR#48 are provided for user to
read/write data via RS-485.
A. Communication baud rate: 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 bps.
B. Communication format: ASCII mode is 7Bit, even bit, 1 stop bit (7 E 1). Communication
format of RTU mode is 8Bit, even bit, 1 stop bit (8 E 1).
C. Function code: 03H—read data from register. 06H—write one WORD to register. 10H—write
multiple WORD to register.
5 ADJUST D/A CONVERSION CHARACTERISTIC CURVE
5.1 Adjust D/A Conversion Characteristic Curve
Voltage output mode:
10V
mode 1
Mode 0 of CR#1: GAIN = 5V(2000
OFFSET=0V (0
Mode 1 of CR#1: GAIN = 6V(2400
OFFSET=2V (800
digital input value is K2000 should be
-4V~+20V(-1600
digital input value is K0 should be
-5V~+5V(-2000
Setting range: +1V~+15V (+400
voltage
output
6V
5V
2V
0
GAIN
OFFSET
mode 0
+2000 +4000
Digital input
GAIN: The setting range of voltage output value when
OFFSET: The setting range of voltage output value when
GAIN-OFFSET:
Current output mode
20mA
mode 2
Mode 2 of CR#1: GAIN = 12mA (2400
OFFSET=4mA (800
Mode 3 of CR#1: GAIN = 10mA (2000
OFFSET=0mA (0
input value is K2000 should be -8mA~+40mA
(-1600
~+8000
LSB
input value is K0 should be -10mA ~+10mA
(-2000
~+2000
LSB
Setting range: +2mA~+30mA (+400
~+6000
LSB
current
output
12mA
10mA
4mA
0
GAIN
OFFSET
mode 3
+2000 +4000
digital input
GAIN: The setting range of current output when digital
OFFSET: The setting range of current output when digital
GAIN-OFFSET:
The charts above are D/A conversion characteristic curve of voltage input mode and current input
mode. Users can adjust conversion characteristic curve by changing OFFSET values (CR#18~CR#21)
and GAIN values (CR#24~CR#27) depend on application.
LSB (Least Significant Bit): 1.voltage output: 1
=20mA/4000=5µA.
1
LSB
=10V/4000=2.5mV. 2.current output:
LSB
).
),
LSB
)
LSB
),
LSB
LSB
~+8000
LSB
~ +2000
LSB
LSB
LSB
LSB
).
LSB
).
).
).
LSB
LSB
),
).
),
LSB
LSB
).
).
LSB
~ +6000
LSB
LSB
).
5.2 Program Example for Adjusting D/A Conversion Characteristics Curve
Example 1: Setting OFFSET value of CH1 to 0V(=K0
M1002
X0
TO
TO
TO
TO
K1
K1
K1
K1
K1
K33
K18
K24
H10 K1
H0 K1
K0
K1000
Example 2: Setting OFFSET value of CH2 to 2mA (=K400
M1002
X0
TO
TO
TO
TO
K1
K1
K1
K1
K1
K33
K19
K25
H18
H0 K1
K400
K3600
) and GAIN value is 2.5V(=K1000
LSB
Writing H10 to CR#1 of analog output
module#0. Setting CH1 to mode 0
(voltage output 0V~ +10V) and CH2 to
mode 2 (current output 4mA~ +20mA).
Writing H0 to CR#33 and allow CH1 ~
CH4 to adjust characteristic.
K1
K1
K1
When X0 switches from Off to On,
of OFFSET value will be written
K0
LSB
to CR#18 and K1000
will be written to CR#24.
) and GAIN value to 18mA (=K3600
LSB
Writing H10 to CR#1 of analog output
module#0. Setting CH1 to mode 0
(voltage output 0V~ +10V) and CH2 to
mode 3 (current output 0mA~ +20mA).
Writing H0 to CR#33 and allow CH1 ~
CH4 to adjust characteristic.
K1
K1
When X0 switches from Off to On,
of OFFSET value will be
K400
LSB
written to CR#19 and K3600
GAIN value will be written to CR#25.
).
LSB
of GAIN value
LSB
LSB
of
LSB
).
6 INITIAL PLC START-UP
Lamp display
1. When power is on, POWER LED will be lit and ERROR LED will be lit for 0.5 second.
2. It is normal that POWER LED should be lit and ERROR LED should turn off. When power supply
is lower than 19.5V, ERROR LED will blink continuously till the power voltage is higher than 19.5V.
3. When it connects to PLC MPU in series, RUN LED on MPU will be lit and A/D LED or D/A LED
should blink.
4. After receiving the first RS-485 command during controlling via RS-485, A/D LED or D/A LED
should blink.
5. After converting, ERROR LED should blink if input or output exceeds the upper bound or below
the lower bound.
Program example:
Explanation:
Read the data of model type from expansion module K1 and distinguish if the data is H89
(DVP04DA-S model type).
D100 will increase K1 and D101 will increase K5 every second.
When value of D100 and D101 attain to K4000, they will be reset to 0.
If the model type is DVP04DA-S, M1 will be on and set the output mode: CH1 mode to 0, CH2 mode
to 2.
Writing output setting CR#6 and CR#7 to D100 and D101. Analog output will vary with D100 and D101
value.
7 COMMAND EXPLANATION
API
78
D
Bit device Word device
X Y M S K H KnX KnY KnM KnS T C D E F
m1 ¼ ¼
m2 ¼ ¼
D ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
n ¼ ¼
Note: The usage range of operand m
Command
Explanation
Program
Example
FROM
M1000
M1013
LD= K4000 RST
K4000
LD=
M1
M1
P
FROM
INC D100
ADD D101 K5
D100 D100
RST
TO
TO
END
D101D101
K1 K1 K1
K1
Read special module
CR data
K0K1
D0CMP H89
D0
M0
D101
H10
D100
K1
K2K6
Adaptive model
ES EP EH
16-bit command (9 STEPS)
Continuous
FROM
execution
32-bit command (17 STEPS)
is 0~7.
1
The usage range of operand m2: ES/EP:
0-48, EH: 0-254.
The usage range of operand n: ES/EP: n=
1~(49-m2), EH: 1~(255-m2).
DFROM
Flag: When M1083 on, it allows enable
Continuous
execution
the interrupt during FROM/TO.
Refer to following for detail.
ES series model doesn’t support pulse
execution command (FROMP, DFROMP).
: the number for special module. : the number of CR (Control Register) of
special module that will be read.
: the location to save reading data. : the
data number of reading ONCE.
DVP-series PLC uses this command to read CR data of special module.
: When assign the bit operand, K1~K4 are used for 16-bit and K5~K8 are used for
32-bit.
Please refer the footnote below for calculation the special module number.
Read the content of CR#24 of special module#0 save it to D0 of PLC, and read the
content of CR#25 of special module#0 save it to D1 of PLC. 2 data are read in one
time when n=2.
Command will be executed when X0=ON. Command won’t be executed if X0=OFF
and the content of previous reading data won’t change.
X0
FROM K0 K24 D0 K2
FROMP
DFROMP
Pulse
execution
Pulse
execution
P
Special module CR
data write in
API
79
TO
D
Bit device Word device
X Y M S K H KnX KnY KnM KnS T C D E F
m
1
m
2
S ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
n ¼ ¼
Note: The usage range of operand m
Command
Explanation
Program
Example
Footnote
¼ ¼
¼ ¼
is 0~7.
1
The usage range of operand m2: ES/EP:
0-48, EH: 0-254.
The usage range of operand n: ES/EP:
1~(49-m2), EH: 1~(255-m2).
For ES series, it doesn’t support pulse
execution command (TOP, DTOP)
: the number of special module. : the number of CR (Control Register) of
special module that will be wrote in.
number to write in one time.
DVP-series PLC uses this command to write data into CR of special module.
: When assigning bit operand, K1~K4 can be used for 16-bit and K5~K8 can be
used for 32-bit.
Use 32-bit command DTO, program will write D11 and D10 to CR#3 and CR#2 of
special module#0. It only writes one group of data in one time when=1.
Command will be executed when X0=ON, will not be executed when X0=OFF. The
previous write data won’t be changed.
X0
K0 K2 D0DTO
The rule of command operand
m1: arrangement number of special module. The number of special module
that connects to PLC MPU. The number sequence of special module from the
closest to the furthest of MPU is from 0 to 7. 8 modules is the max and it won’t
occupy I/O point.
m2: the number of CR. There are 49 CR (Control Register) with 16-bit each
built-in memory in the special module. The number of CR uses decimal digital
(#0~#48). All running status and setting values of special module have
included.
FROM/TO command is used to read/write CR data 1pcs at a time, while
DFROM/DTO command is used to read/write CR data 2pcs in one time.
Upper 16-bit
Lower 16-bit
CR #10 CR #9
The number of transmission groups n. The meaning of n=2 of 16-bit
command and n=1 of 32-bit are the same.
Specified device
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
16-bit command when n=6
In ES series models, flag M1083 is not provided. All interrupts (including external or
internal interrupt subroutines) will be disabled when FROM/TO command is
executed. Interrupts will be resumed after FROM/TO command complete. Please be
advised FROM/TO command also can be executed in the interrupt subroutine.
The function of the flag M1083 (FROM/TO mode exchange) provided in EP/EH
series models:
A. When M1083=Off, all interrupts (including external or internal interrupt
subroutines) will be disabled when FROM/TO command is executed. The
Interrupts will resumed after FROM/TO command complete. Please be
advised FROM/TO command can be executed in the interrupt subroutine.
B. When M1083=On, if an interrupt enable occurs while FROM/TO command
are executing, the interrupt FROM/TO command will be blocked till the
requested interrupt finish. Unlike M1080 off situation, FROM/TO command
cannot be executed in the interrupt subroutine.
Specif ie d C
CR #5
CR #6
CR #7
CR #8
CR #9
CR #10
Adaptive model
ES EP EH
16-bit command (9 STEPS)
Continuous
TO
execution
32-bit command (17 STEPS)
Continuous
DTO
execution
Flag: When M1083 on, it allows to
enable the interrupt during
FROM/TO. Refer to below for
detail.
: the data to write in CR. : the data
Specifi ed CR numbe r
Specified device
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
32-bit command when n=3
TOP
DTOP
K1
Specif ie d CR
CR #5
CR #6
CR #7
CR #8
CR #9
CR #10
Pulse
execution
Pulse
execution