The Danfoss range of APP high-pressure pumps
is designed according to EN 809 for use in RO
applications with low viscosity and corrosive
uids such as sea water.
Danfoss APP pumps are positive displacement
pumps with axial pistons that move a xed
amount of water in each cycle. Flow is proportional to the number of input shaft revolutions
(rpm).
Unlike centrifugal pumps, they produce the same
ow at a given speed no matter what the
discharge pressure.
The sectional drawing below illustrates the main
components of the APP 53-92 pump range.
10 Center ange
11 Spring cartridge
12 Eye bolt
13 Port plate (drive end)
14 Swash plate (drive end)
15 Shaft seal
16 Motor ange
17 Flushing valve
18 Tail stock screws
2. Benets
3. Application examplesDanfoss APP pumps are built into a broad range
• Zero risk of lubricant contamination:
- Oil lubricants are replaced with the pumped medium, water, so there is no
contamination risk from the pump.
• Low maintenance costs:
- Ecient design and all-stainless steel
construction ensure exceptionally long
life. When Danfoss specications are
met, service intervals of 8,000 hours can
be expected. Service is easy, and can be
carried out on-site due to the simple
design and few parts.
• Low energy costs:
- The highly ecient axial piston design
provides the lowest energy
consumption of any comparable pump
on the market.
• Easy installation:
- The most compact and lightest design
available.
- The pump can be installed horizon-
tally in dierent positions rotating it
around the shaft (see section 10 for
example).
of RO desalination plants around the world:
• Containerized solutions for hotels, resorts
and residences on islands and in coastal
regions
No pulsation dampeners necessary due
to extremely low pressure pulsation.
- Powered directly by electric motors or
combustion engines (with special
coupling).
- All pumps are supplied with an
integrated ushing valve that allows the
uid to ow from inlet to the outlet,
when the pump is not running.
• High reliability:
- All parts are made of high corrosion
resistant materials e.g. Duplex
(EN1.4462/ UNS S31803) and
Super Duplex (EN1.4410/UNS S32750)
stainless steel and carbon reinforced
PEEK.
• Certied quality:
- Available with positive material idencation (PMI) certication on
request.
- ISO 9001, ISO 14001, IAFT 16949
- ATEX certication available for APP S (all
Super Duplex) and APP S 674 (API). Please see relevant data sheets.
• Mobile systems for humanitarian and
military organizations
If the ow required and the rotation speed (rpm)
of the pump is known, it is easy to select the
pump, tting the application best, by using the
diagram below.
5.1 APP 53 ow at dierent rpm
90,00
85,00
80,00
75,00
70,00
65,00
60,00
55,00
50,00
Flow [m3/h]
45,00
40,00
35,00
30,00
25,00
20,00
Furthermore, this diagram shows that the
ow can be changed by changing the rotation
speed of the pump. The ow/rpm ratio is
constant, and the “required” ow can be
obtained by changing the rotation speed to a
corresponding value. Thus, the required rpm
can be determined as:
The chart below illustrates the corrosive
resistance of dierent types of stainless steel
related to NaCl concentration and temperature.
All wetted parts of the APP pump are made of
Duplex or Super Duplex.
º
80
C
Duplex
70
60
50
316L
40
30
20
100
1601600
1000
10 000
16000
If the water pump is operated at high salinity
always ush the water pump with fresh water at
operation stop in order to minimize the risk of
crevice corrosion.
NaCI vs. temperature
Super Duplex
-
100 000
160000
CI
ppm
NaCI
ppm
9. InstallationSee example below on how to mount the pump
and connect it to an electric motor or combustion engine (special coupling).
For further instruction on installation of coupling
see APP Pump Instruction 180R9368.
If alternative mounting is required. please
contact your Danfoss sales representative for
further information.
Note: Do not add any axial or radial loads to the
pump shaft.
Proper ltration is crucial for the performance,
maintenance and warranty of your pump.
Protect your pump, and the application in which
it is installed, by always ensuring that all ltration
specications are met, and by always changing
lter cartridges according to schedule.
Since water has very low vicosity, Danfoss APP
pumps have been designed with very narrow
clearances in order to control internal leakage
rates and improve component performance.
To minimize wear on the pump, it is therefore
essential to lter inlet water properly.
The main lter must have a ltration eciency of
99.98% at 10 m. We strongly recommend that
you always use precision depth lter cartridges
rated 10m abs. ß
≥5000.
10
Please note that we do not recommend bag
lters or string-wound lter cartridges, which
typically have only 50% ltration eciency. This
means that out of the 100,000 particles that
enter such lters, 50,000 particles pass right
through; compare this to precision depth lters
that are 99.98% ecient, and only allow 20 of the
same 100,000 particles to pass through.
For more information on the importance of
proper ltration, including explanation of
ltration principles, denitions and guidance on
how to select the right lter for your pump,
please consult our Filtration information and
specications (Danfoss document number
521B1009).
Noise
Since the pump unit is typical mounted on a
frame or bell housing the overall noise level can
only be determined for a complete system. To
minimize vibrations and noise throughout the
system, it is therefore very important to mount
the pump unit correctly on a frame with
anti-vibration-dampeners, and to use exible
hoses rather than metal pipes where possible.
The noise level is inuenced by:
• Pump speed:
High rpm generates more uid/structure
borne pulsations/vibrations than low rpm,
because of higher frequency.
• Discharge pressure:
High pressure generates more noise than
low pressure.
• Pump mounting:
Rigid mounting generates more noise than
exible mounting, because of structureborne vibrations. Be sure to use dampeners
when mounting.
• Connections to pump:
Pipes connected directly to the pump make
more noise than exible hoses, because of
structure-borne vibrations.
• Variable frequency drives (VFD):
Motors regulated by VFDs can produce
more noise if the VFD does not have the
right settings.
•
9.2 RO system with direct supply:
Inlet line:
a) Dimension the inlet line to obtain mini mum pressure loss (large ow, minimum
pipe length, minimum number of bends/
connections, and ttings with low or no
pressure losses) .
Inlet lter:
b) Install an inlet lter (1) in front of the APP
pump (2). Please consult section 9.1, “Filtration” for guidance on how to select
the right lter. Thoroughly clean pipes and
ush system prior to start-up.
Inlet pressure:
c In order to eliminate the risk of cavitation
and other pump damage, pump inlet pressure must always be maintained according to specications described in
item 4 about technical data.
Low pressure relief valve:
d) Install a low pressure relief valve (9) in order
to avoid system or pump damage in case
the pump stops momentarily or is spinning
backwards.
Monitoring pressure switch:
e Install a monitoring pressure switch (3)
between the lter (1) and the pump inlet.
Set the minimum inlet pressure according
to specications described in item 4 about
technical data. If the inlet pressure is lower
than the minimum pressure set, the
monitoring pressure switch must prevent
the pump from starting or from running.
Hoses:
f) Always use exible hoses (4) to minimize
vibrations and noise. Please consult the
Danfoss Hoses and hose ttings data sheet (521B0909) for guidance.
Flushing valve:
g) For easy system lling and ushing, the
APP pump has an integrated valve (6).
Non-return valve:
h) A non-return valve (7) in outlet can be
installed in order to avoid backspin of the
pump. The volume of water in the
membrane vessel works as an accumulator
and will send ow backwards in case the
pump stops momentarily.
i) As the Danfoss APP pump begins to create
pressure and ow immediately after
start-up and regardless of any counter
pressure, a safety or pressure relief valve (8)
should be installed after the non-return
valve to prevent system damage and to
avoid high pressure peaks.
Note: If a non-return valve is mounted in the inlet
line, a low-pressure relief valve is also required
between the non-return valve and
pump as protection against high-pressure peaks.
The APP 53-92 connections (inlet and outlet) can be adjusted in intervals of 45 degrees.
Please see typical installations with check valve VCM 92 mounted in the outlet port in the drawing
below. Non-standard congurations are available on request. For adjustment on site, please see
Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual or contact Danfoss.
) The installation instuction for Style 77DX is located in the Victaulic document I-100 Field Installation
Diameter
(A)
87. 8 m m
(3.46 inch)
87. 8 m m
(3.46 inch)
Victaulic
3” Vic. OSG
3” Vic. OSG
(B)
1)
Length
(C)
61.0 mm
(2.40”)
65.0 mm
(2.56”)
MaterialMax. PressureCode number
Super
Duplex
Super
Duplex
10 barg
(145 psig)
80 barg
(1160 psig)
180Z1991
180Z1992
Handbook (htpp://static.victaulic.com)
AI167386503010en-001301
Data sheet | APP 53-92 Pumps
12. VCM 3” Victaulic
The non-return valve is designed for use in
Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) membrane
systems. In case the high-pressure pump stops
momentarily, the volume of water in the
membrane vessel may work as an accumulator
and will send ow backwards.
When using multiple pumps in parallel, the
non-return valve
12.1 Technical dat a
prevents the water from one pump to run into
the parallel-coupled pumps at start-up.
The VCM 92 is prepared for easy installation on
the high pressure outlet of APP 53-92, series 08
or higher..
Use only Style 77DX coupling or equivalent.
3” Vic. OSG
3)
Length
mm (inch)
180.5
(7.10)
Material2
Super
Duplex
Diameter
valve
)
1)
mm (inch)
87. 7
(3.45)
Typ eConnection
VCM 92
1)
The check valve is mounted directly in the outlet port with a ange with 8 screws M12 x 25.
2)
Wetted parts materials: Super Duplex, PEEK, PP, Hasteloy; FKM, NBR
3)
The installation instuction for Style 77DX is located in the Victaulic document I-100 Field Installation
Coupling APP 53 - APP 92 IEC 315Diameter: motor Ø80 mm, pump Ø50180Z40 66
Coupling APP 53 - APP 92 IEC 280Diameter: motor Ø75 mm, pump Ø50180Z4081
Coupling kit APP 53 - APP 92 incl. bell housing IEC 315Ø80/Ø50. IEC 315 Ø660/310180Z4083
Coupling kit APP 53 - APP 92 incl. bell housing IEC 280Ø75/Ø50. IEC280 Ø550/265180Z4082
Base frame incl. vibration dampenersIEC 315180Z06 61
Warranty
Danfoss APP pumps are designed for long
operation, low maintenance and reduced
lifecycle costs.
Pump shutdown:
The APP pumps are made of Duplex/Super
Duplex materials with excellent corrosion
properties. It is, however, always recommended
to ush the pump with freshwater when the
Provided that the pump has been running
according to the Danfoss specications, Danfoss
guarantees 8,000 hours service-free operation,
however, max. 18 months from date of
production.
system is shut down.
When stopping the pump for more than 1 day
ush the pump for 10 sec. Flushing through the
ushing valve of the pump without rotating the
pump is not enough for cleaning the inside of
the pump.
If Danfoss recommendations concerning
system-design are not followed, it will strongly
inuence the life of the APP pumps.
Other factors that aect pump performance and
lifetime include:
The pump can be ushed with biocide like the
membranes. The biocide must be compatible
with the materials used in our pump (materials
can be found in the parts list in the instruction
and operational manual).
- Insucient ltration
- Insucient bleeding and venting
- Running the pump at speed outside
specications.
Repair
In case of irregular function of the APP pump,
please contact Danfoss High Pressure Pumps.
- Supplying the pump with water at
temperature higher than recommended.
- Running the pump at inlet pressure outside
specications.
- Running the pump at outlet pressure
outside the specications.
- Wrong direction of rotation.
Maintenance
After 8,000 hours of operation it is strongly
recommended to inspect the pump and change
any worn parts, e.g. pistons and shaft
seal. This is done in order to prevent a potential
breakdown of the pump. If the parts are not
replaced, more frequent inspection is
recommended according to our guidelines.