Covidien ForceTriad Service manual

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Service Manual

ForceTriad

Energy Platform

Service Manual

ForceTriad

Energy Platform

Part Number: 1040472

Preface

This manual and the equipment it describes are for use only by qualified personnel trained in the particular technique and surgical procedure to be performed. It is intended as a guide for servicing the Covidien ForceTriad energy platform only. Additional users information is available in the ForceTriad Energy Platform User’s Guide.

Additional technical information may be available from Covidien Technical Service (see page 9-4).

For a complete list of service centers world wide, please refer to the Covidien web site: http://www.valleylab.com

Equipment covered in this manual:

ForceTriad Energy Platform

Conventions Used in this Guide

Warning

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

Caution

Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.

Notice

Indicates a hazard which may result in product damage.

Important

Indicates an operating tip or maintenance suggestion.

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Limited Warranty

Covidien warrants each covered product listed below to be free from defects in material and workmanship for normal use and service for the period(s) set forth below. Covidien’s obligation under this warranty is limited to the repair or replacement, at its sole option, of any product, or part thereof, which has been returned to it (or its authorized distributor) within the applicable time period shown below after delivery of the product to the original purchaser, and which examination discloses, to Covidien’s satisfaction, that the product is defective. This limited warranty does not apply to any product, or part thereof, which has been repaired or altered in a way so as, in Covidien’s judgment, to affect its stability or reliability, or which has been subjected to misuse, neglect, or accident.

The warranty periods for Covidien products are as follows:

ForceTriadTM Energy Platform One year from date of shipment

Electrosurgical Generators One year from date of shipment

Cool-tip

EvidentTM MWA Generator One year from date of shipment

LigaSure

RFA Generator One year from date of shipment

Vessel Sealing System One year from date of shipment

Reusable Instruments One year from date of shipment

Mounting Fixtures (all models) One year from date of shipment

Footswitches (all models) One year from date of shipment

Valleylab

RapidVac

LigaSure

Cool-tip

Argon Gas Delivery Unit II One year from date of shipment

Smoke Evacuator One year from date of shipment

Sterile Single Use Items Sterility only as stated on packaging

Patient Return Electrodes Shelf life only as stated on packaging

All purchased or supplemental

90 days from delivery

software programs or updates

Notwithstanding any other provision herein or in any other document or communication, Covidien’s liability with respect to this limited warranty and the products sold hereunder shall be limited to the aggregate purchase price for the products sold to the customer. This limited warranty is non-transferable and runs only to the original purchaser of the

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual iii

covered product(s). There are no warranties which extend beyond the terms hereof. Covidien disclaims any liability hereunder or elsewhere in connection with the sale of products and for any form of indirect, tort, or consequential damages.

This limited warranty and the rights and obligations hereunder shall be construed under and governed by the laws of the State of Colorado, USA. The sole forum for resolving disputes arising under or relating in any way to this limited warranty is the District Court of the County of Boulder, State of Colorado, USA.

Covidien reserves the right to make changes in covered products built or sold by it at any time without incurring any obligation to make the same or similar changes to equipment previously built or sold by it.

THE OBLIGATION TO REPAIR OR REPLACE A DEFECTIVE OR NONPERFORMING PRODUCT IS THE SOLE REMEDY OF THE CUSTOMER UNDER THIS LIMITED WARRANTY. EXCEPT AS

EXPRESSLY PROVIDED HEREIN, COVIDIEN DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ORAL OR WRITTEN, WITH RESPECT TO PRODUCTS, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Software License

COVIDIEN AG, Tyco Healthcare Group LP, and its affiliate EbD (collectively called “COVIDIEN” herein) own the entire right, title, and interest in and to all of the computer programs and all portions thereof, and associated documentation (collectively, the “Software”) provided to Customer as may be installed in the Products and equipment addressed herein or provided separately, and it has the sole right to grant licenses hereunder.

The evaluation allowance herein and any ultimate price paid by Customer for the products incorporating the Software include as a portion of that evaluation allowance, or price, a license fee granting Customer only the rights set forth in this Software License. Customer further acknowledges and agrees that the Software is owned exclusively by COVIDIEN. The Software is licensed to be used on only one computing device or Product, and a valid license must be purchased for each computing device on which the Software is installed.

Single User License Grant: COVIDIEN grants to Customer a limited, nonexclusive, nonsublicensable, nontransferable and revocable license to use the Software, exclusively at Customer’s location as identified by Customer as the ship-to location of the Product, solely in machine-readable object code form only on a single central processing unit owned or leased by Customer or otherwise embedded in equipment provided by COVIDIEN, and for the sole purpose of Customer’s internal business purpose in the operation of the Product or equipment purchased from, other otherwise provided by, COVIDIEN or its affiliates.

Except to the extent expressly authorized in this Software License or by law, Customer shall not and shall not cause any third party to: (i) decompile, disassemble, or reverse engineer the Software; (ii) modify or create any derivative works (including, without limitation, translations, transformations, adaptations or other recast or altered versions) based on the Software, or alter the Software in any way; (iii) merge the Software with any other software or product not supplied by Supplier; (iv) use, copy, sell, sublicense,

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lease, rent, loan, assign, convey or otherwise transfer the Software except as expressly authorized by the Agreement; (v) distribute, disclose or allow use of the Software, in any format, through any timesharing service, service bureau, network or by any other means, to or by any third parties; (vi) remove or modify any copyright, confidential and/or proprietary markings, legends or restriction which are in the Software originally supplied to Customer; or (vii) violate any obligations with regard to COVIDIEN’s Confidential Information. To the extent that Customer is expressly permitted by applicable mandatory law to undertake any of the activities listed in the preceding sentence, Customer will not exercise those rights until Customer has given COVIDIEN thirty (30) days written notice of Customer’s intent to exercise any such rights unless an order of a government agency of competent jurisdiction will not so allow.

Except for the limited license rights expressly granted in this Software License, COVIDIEN reserves all rights in and to the Software and any modifications thereto and derivations thereof, including, but not limited to, all title, ownership, intellectual property rights and all other rights and interests. Customer will own only the hardware or physical media on which the Software is stored or processed, if any.

Customer agrees that the Software, including the specific design and structure of individual programs, constitute confidential information and trade secrets of COVIDIEN, whether or not the programs may be copyrighted or copyrightable, and/or patented or patentable. Customer agrees not to disclose, provide, or otherwise make available such confidential information, trade secrets or copyrighted material in any form to any third party. Customer agrees that it will make the Software available only to employees, contractors, or consultants with a need to know, who are obligated to comply with all license restrictions contained in this Software License Agreement and to maintain the secrecy of the Software and all other Confidential Information. Customer is responsible for the compliance of all users with these obligations.

Customer may, from time to time, request that COVIDIEN incorporate certain features, enhancements or modifications into the Software. COVIDIEN may, in its sole discretion, undertake to incorporate such changes and distribute the Software so modified to all or any of COVIDIEN's customers. All such error corrections, bug fixes, patches, updates or other modifications provided to COVIDIEN shall be the sole property of COVIDIEN.

This Software License is effective until terminated. Customer may terminate this License at any time by destroying all copies of Software including any documentation. This License will terminate immediately upon notice from COVIDIEN if Customer fails to comply with any provision of this License or any supplier agreement. COVIDIEN may terminate the Software licenses granted herein and exercise all available rights by giving written notice, effective immediately, if within ten (10) business days of Customer’s receipt of a reasonably detailed written request to cure, Customer has not cured all breaches of this License’s limitations or restrictions. Upon such termination, Customer will immediately pay all undisputed fees outstanding, cease use of all Software, return or delete, at COVIDIEN’s request, all copies of the Software in Customer’s possession, and certify compliance with all of the obligations herein to COVIDIEN in writing.

Limited Warranty: COVIDIEN represents and warrants to Customer that the Software will perform substantially as described in COVIDIEN's then current documentation for such Software for the longer of (a) the remaining warranty applicable to the product with which such Software was delivered (not to exceed one year) or (b) ninety (90) days from the date such Software was shipped or first made available to Customer for electronic

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual v

download from COVIDIEN’s service site. If you notify COVIDIEN of defects during the warranty period, COVIDIEN will replace the Software or, at its option, refund the purchase price. Your remedy for breach of this limited warranty shall be limited to replacement or refund and shall not encompass any other damages. No dealer, distributor, agent or employee of COVIDIEN is authorized to make any modification or addition to the warranty and remedies stated above.

Notwithstanding these warranty provisions, all of COVIDIEN's obligations with respect to such warranties shall be contingent on Customer’s use of the Software in accordance with this Agreement and in accordance with COVIDIEN's instructions as provided by COVIDIEN in the documentation, as such instructions may be amended, supplemented, or modified by COVIDIEN from time to time. COVIDIEN shall have no warranty obligations with respect to any failures of the Software which are the result of accident, abuse, misapplication, extreme power surge or extreme electromagnetic field.

This warranty does not apply to any damages, malfunctions, or non-conformities caused to or by: (i) Customer’s use of Software in violation of the license granted under the Agreement or in a manner inconsistent with any provided documentation; (ii) use of nonCOVIDIEN furnished equipment, software, or facilities with its equipment or Products; (iii) Customer’s failure to follow COVIDIEN’s installation, operation, repair or maintenance instructions; (iv) Customer’s failure to permit COVIDIEN timely access, remote or otherwise, to Products; (v) failure to implement all new Updates to Software provided under the Agreement; (vi) Products or equipment with their original manufacturer’s serial numbers altered, defaced or deleted; (vii) Products or equipment that have been altered, serviced or modified by a party other than COVIDIEN; or (viii) Software that has been subjected to abnormal physical or electrical stress, misuse, negligence or accident by Customer or a third party.

DISCLAIMER: EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED IN THIS WARRANTY, ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS, AND WARRANTIES INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE, ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY APPLICABLE LAW.

IN NO EVENT WILL EITHER PARTY BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOST REVENUE, PROFIT, OR DATA, OR FOR SPECIAL, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES HOWEVER CAUSED AND REGARDLESS OF THE THEORY OF LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THIS SOFTWARE LICENSE EVEN IF SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL ONE PARTY’S LIABILITY TO THE OTHER PARTY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), OR OTHERWISE, EXCEED THE PRICE PAID OR TO HAVE BEEN PAID BY CUSTOMER. THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY EVEN IF THE ABOVE-STATED WARRANTY FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES.

U.S. Government Rights. The Software is a “commercial item” developed exclusively at private expense, consisting of “commercial computer software” and “commercial computer software documentation” as such terms are defined or used in the applicable U.S. acquisition regulations. The Software is licensed hereunder (i) only as a commercial item and (ii) with only those rights as are granted to all other customers pursuant to the

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terms and conditions of this License. Customer shall not use, duplicate, or disclose the Software in any way not specifically permitted by this License. Nothing in this License requires COVIDIEN to produce or furnish technical data for or to Customer.

If any provision of this Agreement shall be held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect.

This License Agreement contains the entire understanding and agreement between the parties respecting the Software. This Agreement may not be supplemented, modified, amended, released or discharged except by an instrument in writing signed by each party's duly authorized representative. All captions and headings in this Agreement are for purposes of convenience only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of any of its provisions. Any waiver by either party of any default or breach hereunder shall not constitute a waiver of any provision of this Agreement or of any subsequent default or breach of the same or a different kind.

The construction and performance of this Agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of Colorado without reference to its choice of law principles. The parties hereby submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Colorado.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual vii

Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

Conventions Used in this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Software License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv

Chapter 1. Overview and General Features

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

ForceTriad Energy Platform Front Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

ForceTriad Energy Platform Back Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

System Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Touchscreens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Common Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Monopolar Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Bipolar Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

LigaSure Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Chapter 2. Patient and Operating Room Safety

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Setting Up the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Fire/Explosion Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

ForceTriad Energy Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Active Instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Implanted Electronic Devices (IEDs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

After Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Monopolar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Patient Return Electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Inadvertent Radio Frequency (RF) Burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Laparoscopic Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Bipolar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

LigaSure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

LigaSure in Laparoscopic Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Shunt Cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Conductive Fluid in the Surgical Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Chapter 3. Principles of Operation

Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Functional Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

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TissueFect Tissue Sensing Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

REM Contact Quality Monitoring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

High-Voltage DC (HVDC PCBA) Power Supply Principles

of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

RF PCBA Principles of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

REM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Autobipolar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Leakage Current Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Sensor Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Steering Relay PCBA Principles of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Circuit Descriptions for the ForceTriad Display PCBA . . . . . . . . 3-9

Hotlink Transceiver U1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Driver Inside the FPGA U28 . . 3-9

Touchscreen Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Barcode Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Footswitch/Audio PCBA Circuitry Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Power Supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Audio Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Footswitch Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Expansion Port DAC Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

DAC Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Isolated Footswitch and Expansion Port Circuitry . . . . . . . 3-12

Controller PCBA Principles of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Host Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Controlled Data Converters 3-13

Interface Control Logic PLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Data Converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

External Peripherals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Chapter 4. Technical Specifications

Performance Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Dimensions and Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Operating Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Transport and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Internal Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Activation Tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

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Alarm Tone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

REM Contact Quality Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Autobipolar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Duty Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Low-Frequency (50/60 Hz) Leakage Current . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

High-Frequency (RF) Leakage Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Input Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Power Cord Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Input Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Input Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Backup Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Equipotential Ground Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

ECG Blanking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Standards and IEC Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Class I Equipment (IEC 60601-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Type CF Equipment (IEC 60601-1)/Defibrillator Proof . . . . 4-13

Liquid Spillage (IEC 60601-2-2 Clause 44.3) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Voltage Transients (Emergency System Mains Transfer). . 4-13

Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEC 60601-1-2 and

IEC 60601-2-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Output Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19

Maximum Output for Bipolar, Monopolar, and LigaSure

Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19

Available Power Settings in Watts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20

Output Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-23

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24

Monopolar Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24

Bipolar Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32

Bipolar Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33

LigaSure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37

Chapter 5. System Setup

Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Before Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Powering Up the ForceTriad Energy Platform . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

System Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Adjusting Display Brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Activation Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Service Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

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Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Features Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Demo Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

Chapter 6. Setup, Tests, and Adjustments

Setting Up the ForceTriad Energy Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

Calibrating the ForceTriad Energy Platform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Periodic Safety Check (Routine Maintenance) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Recommended Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11

Inspecting the System and Accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12

Inspecting the Internal Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

Testing the System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

Enable Demo Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

Entering Debug Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

Testing the Low-Voltage Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

Verifying the Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

Verifying REM Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18

Verifying Autobipolar Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18

Verifying Cross Coupling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19

Confirming Power Delivery at Receptacle . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21

Verifying Power Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25

Checking High-Frequency Leakage Current . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28

Safety Testing in Accordance with IEC601 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29

Checking Low-Frequency Leakage Current . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30

Ground Bond Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31

Docking to Valleylab Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31

Preventive Maintenance Check Sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32

Chapter 7. Troubleshooting

Inspecting the ForceTriad Energy Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Responding to System Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

System-Error Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Non-Recoverable Error Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Chapter 8. Replacement Procedures

Removing and Reinstalling the Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Fuse Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

Battery Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5

Low-Voltage Power Supply (LVPS) Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

Footswitch/Audio PCBA Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

Controller PCBA Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10

xii ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

High-Voltage DC (HVDC) PCBA Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12

RF PCBA Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14

Steering-Relay PCBA Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16

Display PCBA Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18

Barcode Scanner Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20

Output Receptacle Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22

Barcode-Scanner Cables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25

System Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26

System Display Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28

System Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31

Scan Stand Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33

Chapter 9. Maintenance and Repair

Responsibility of the Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2

Routine Maintenance and Periodic Safety Checks. . . . . . . . . . . 9-2

Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

Product Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

Returning the System for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

Adjustment to Factory Specification (Calibration). . . . . . . . . . . 9-4

Software Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4

Covidien Technical Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4

Chapter 10. Service Parts

Ordering Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2

Replacement Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3

Replacing Cable Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual xiii

Chapter 1

Overview and General Features

This chapter provides an overview of the features and functions of the ForceTriad energy platform.

Caution

Read all warnings, cautions, and instructions provided with this system before use.

Read the instructions, warnings, and cautions provided with electrosurgical instruments before use. Specific instructions for electrosurgical instruments are not included in this manual.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 1-1

Introduction

The ForceTriad energy platform is designed to provide radio frequency (RF) energy for monopolar and bipolar surgical applications and tissue-fusion applications. It features three touchscreen user interfaces, and has the ability to automatically detect handsets and to configure the system accordingly. Safety and diagnostic functionality include automatic fail-safe functions.

The system is a self-contained unit, consisting of a main enclosure (cover and base) and a power cord. Details about the interaction of the main components and PCBA descriptions are provided in Chapter 3, Principles of Operation.

1-2 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

ForceTriad Energy Platform Front Panel

Overview and General Features

 Monopolar 1 and Accessory Touchscreen  Monopolar 2 and Bipolar Touchscreen  LigaSure and System Tray Touchscreen  Power Switch  Monopolar-Instrument Receptacle  Universal-Footswitching-Accessory Receptacle  REM™ Patient Return Electrode Receptacle  Bipolar-Instrument Receptacle  Monopolar 2-Instrument Receptacle  LigaSure 1 and 2 Receptacles

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 1-3

ForceTriad Energy Platform Back Panel

CAUTION

Monopolar

LigaSure 1

LigaSure 2

Bipolar

U.S. and foreign patents pending.

Warning: Risk of Fire.

Replace Fuse as Marked.

250V, F8.0A (100-240)

Avertissement: Risque du feu.

Remplacez les fusibles comme marqués.

250 V F8.0A (100-240)

ForceTriad Energy Platform Back Panel

 USB Port  Ethernet Port  RS232 Port  LigaSure 1 and 2 Footswitch Port  Bipolar-Footswitch Receptacle  Monopolar-Footswitch Receptacle (requires adapter to connect standard

four-pin monopolar footswitch)

 Fuse Port  Audio-Volume Knob  Link-Cable Port (ECG Receptacle)  Expansion Port

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System Conventions

Touchscreens

The ForceTriad energy platform features a user-friendly interface with three touchscreens that allow the user to control system functions. The active touchscreen or touchscreens illuminate, and the unavailable touchscreens dim.

Common Symbols

Symbol Name Description

System Conventions

Overview and General Features

Page Up/Page Down

Up/Down

Next/Back

Scrolls through blocks of options that cannot be displayed on a single screen.

Pressing once increases/decreases the associated value or moves highlighted selection up/down one line. Pressing and holding scrolls up/down.

Progresses to the next screen, or returns to the previous screen.

Back Space

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 1-5

Regresses one character.

System Conventions

Symbol Name Description

Bipolar Mute On/Off

Cancel

Enter

System Tray

Turns on/off the audio tones produced by the system that indicate the increase or decrease of current during a bipolar procedure.

Cancels current screen and returns to the previous screen.

Accepts and initiates current selections.

Accesses and adjusts system settings including screen brightness and mainmenu options as well as a connection indicator.

Brightness

Each selection of this button alternately adjusts between two available brightness settings. When maximum brightness is reached, next selection resets to the least bright setting.

Wrench

Selects access to the Main Menu, which provides user-selected options for language, appearance, and operation.

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Symbol Name Description

Power Modes

Overview and General Features

Connection Indicator

Errors Disabled

Note: Additional information on symbols may be found in Chapter 4, Technical

Specifications.

Indicates active communication with another system such as Valleylab Exchange Remote Software System or a third-party system.

This icon on a yellow background overlays the screen when error warnings have been disabled using the service menu. The system does not alarm or give error conditions when this symbol is activated. Touching the screen removes the icon for five seconds.

Power Modes

As a safety feature, simultaneous activation of multiple instruments is not possible on the system.

Monopolar Modes

The system produces five modes of power output.

Note: To provide expected hand-piece functionality, proper insertion of the hand piece is required. Refer to the orientation drawing on the front of the system for proper insertion orientation.

Cut Modes

Pure cut provides a clean, precise cut in any tissue with little or no hemostasis.

Blend cut is a conventional blended waveform that provides slower cutting with

simultaneous hemostasis.

Valleylab Mode

Valleylab mode is a unique combination of hemostasis and dissection that allows the user to slow down for more hemostasis and speed up for faster dissection. Thermal spread is equal to or less than cut or blend modes.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 1-7

Power Modes

Coag Modes

Fulgurate coagulates tissue by sparking from the active electrode, through air, to the

patient tissue. Because sparks may spray unpredictably from the electrode during fulguration, using fulguration for delicate tissue or in confined areas can complicate surgery. Accidental sparking to adjacent areas can occur as tissue at the surgical site dries and becomes more resistant to current flow.

Spray delivers wider fulguration; penetration is shallower and the affected tissue area is larger than with the Fulgurate mode.

Bipolar Modes

Three bipolar modes are available: low, standard, and macrobipolar.

Low delivers precision and fine control over the amount of desiccation.

Standard is a conventional bipolar output at low voltage.

Macro (macrobipolar) may be used for bipolar cutting or rapid coagulation. Power

remains constant over a wide range of tissue types.

Autobipolar

The autobipolar feature senses tissue impedance between the two bipolar electrodes, then uses the impedance information to automatically start or stop bipolar RF energy delivery. Optionally, the user may choose between footswitch start and auto start, or program a delay between auto start and RF activation.

Note: When using autobipolar, the tissue in the grasp of the bipolar device must have an impedance within 20 Ω and 1,000 Ω. The activation impedance safety feature does not deliver RF power to the tissue if it is not within the specified range. This is a factory-set value that cannot be reset by the user.

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LigaSure Mode

The LigaSure tissue-fusion mode can be used on arteries, veins, pulmonary vasculature, and lymphatics up to and including 7 mm in diameter and tissue bundles. This system provides precise energy delivery and electrode pressure to vessels for a controlled time period to achieve a complete and permanent fusion of the vessel lumen. The system has been designed to produce minimal sticking, charring, or thermal spread to adjacent tissue.

Warning

Do not attempt to fuse lung tissue with LigaSure mode or instruments.

LigaSure Instruments

The LigaSure instruments that complete the ForceTriad tissue-fusion system include multiple reusable and single-use instruments for open and laparoscopic procedures. Each reusable instrument requires a corresponding single-use electrode. The LigaSure function is available only when using LigaSure instruments.

Power Modes

Overview and General Features

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 1-9

Chapter 2

Patient and Operating Room Safety

The safe and effective use of electrosurgery depends to a large degree upon factors solely under the control of the operator. There is no substitute for a properly trained and vigilant surgical team. It is important that the operating instructions supplied with this or any electrosurgical equipment be read, understood, and followed.

Electrosurgery has been used safely in millions of procedures. Before starting any surgical procedure, the surgeon should be trained in the particular technique and surgical procedure to be performed, should be familiar with the medical literature related to the procedure and potential complications, and should be familiar with the risks versus the benefits of utilizing electrosurgery in the procedure.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 2-1

General

Setting Up the System

Warning

Electric Shock Hazard Connect the system power cord to a properly grounded power

receptacle. Do not use power plug adapters.

Fire Hazard Do not use extension cords.

Patient Safety Use the system only if the power-up self-test has been completed as described in

this manual, otherwise inaccurate power outputs may result.

Warning

Hazardous Electrical Output This equipment is for use only by trained, licensed physicians.

Do not use electrosurgical equipment unless properly trained to use it in the specific procedure being undertaken. Use of this equipment without such training can result in serious, unintended patient injury, including bowel perforation and unintended, irreversible tissue necrosis.

Always use the lowest power setting that achieves the desired surgical effect. The active electrode should be utilized only for the minimum time necessary in order to lessen the possibility of unintended burn injury. Accidental and unintended burn injury has occurred during procedures in small surgical fields and on small appendages. Pediatric applications and/or procedures performed on small anatomic structures may require reduced power settings. The higher the current flow and the longer the current is applied, the greater the possibility of unintended thermal damage to tissue, especially during use on small structures.

Do not wrap the instrument cords or patient return electrode cords around metal objects. This may induce currents that could lead to shocks, fires, or injury to the patient or surgical team.

Electric Shock Hazard Do not connect wet instruments to the energy platform. Ensure that all instruments and adapters are correctly connected and that no metal is exposed at any connection points.

Confirm proper power settings before proceeding with surgery. If the proper power settings are not known, set the power to a low setting and slowly increase the power until the desired effect is achieved. If increased power settings are requested, check the patient return electrode and all instrument connections before making major power setting adjustments.

Contact between the active electrode and any metal greatly increases current flow and can result in unintended surgical effect.

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Warning

While using electrosurgery, the patient should not be allowed to come into direct contact with grounded metal objects (e.g., surgical table frame, instrument table, etc.). If this is not possible during certain procedures (e.g., those in which non-insulated head frames are used), use extreme caution to maximize patient safety:

• Use the lowest power setting that achieves the desired effect.

• Place the patient return electrode as close to the surgical site as possible.

• Place dry gauze between the patient and the grounded object if possible.

• Continually monitor the contact point(s).

• Do not use metal needle monitoring electrodes.

General

Patient and Operating Room

Caution

Read all warnings, cautions, and instructions provided with this system before using.

Read the instructions, warnings, and cautions provided with electrosurgical instruments before using. Specific instructions for electrosurgical instruments are not included in this manual.

For surgical procedures where the current could flow through delicate parts of the body, the use of bipolar techniques may be desirable in order to avoid unwanted coagulation.

Examine all instruments and connections to the system before using. Ensure that the instruments function as intended. Improper connection may result in arcs, sparks, instrument malfunction, or unintended surgical effects.

Do not turn the activation tone down to an inaudible level. The activation tone alerts the surgical team when the system is delivering RF energy.

When using a smoke evacuator in conjunction with the system, set the system volume control at a level that ensures that the activation tones can be heard.

Connect only Covidien-approved footswitches. Using footswitches from other manufacturers may cause equipment malfunction.

A non-functioning system may cause interruption of surgery. A backup system should be available for use.

Studies have shown that smoke generated during electrosurgical procedures can be potentially harmful to patients and the surgical team. These studies recommend adequately ventilating the smoke by using a surgical smoke evacuator or other means.

Safety

Inadvertent activation may occur while installing, removing, or bending electrodes. Ensure that the instrument cord is not connected to the system or that the system is OFF.

a. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. National Institute for Occupational Safety and

Health (NIOSH). Control of Smoke from Laser/Electric Surgical Procedures. HAZARD CONTROLS, Publication No. 96-128, September, 1996.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 2-3

General

Notice

Connect the power cord to a properly grounded power receptacle having the correct voltage; otherwise, product damage may result.

Important

If required by local codes, connect the system to the hospital equalization connector with an equipotential cable.

Fire/Explosion Hazard

Warning

Explosion Hazard Do not use electrosurgery in the presence of flammable anesthetics.

Fire Hazard Do not place active instruments near or in contact with flammable materials (such

as gauze or surgical drapes). Electrosurgical instruments that are activated or hot from use can cause a fire. When not in use, place electrosurgical instruments in a safety holster or safely away from patients, the surgical team, and flammable materials.

Fire Hazard Sparking and heating associated with electrosurgery can be an ignition source. Keep gauze and sponges wet. Keep electrosurgical electrodes away from flammable materials and oxygen (O

Use of electrosurgery in O2 rich environments increases the risk of fire. Therefore, take measures to reduce the O2 concentration at the surgical site.

Avoid enriched O2 and nitrous oxide (N2O) atmospheres near the surgical site. Both O2 and N2O support combustion and may result in fires and burns to patients or surgical personnel.

If possible, stop supplemental oxygen at least one minute before and during use of electrosurgery.

Do not activate the system until flammable vapors from skin prep solutions and tinctures have dissipated.

Avoid the accumulation of naturally occurring flammable gases that may accumulate in body cavities such as the bowel.

Prevent pooling of flammable fluids and the accumulation of flammable or oxidizing gases or vapors under surgical drapes or near the surgical site.

Tissue buildup (eschar) on the tip of an active electrode may create embers that pose a fire hazard, especially in oxygen enriched environments. Keep the electrode clean and free of all debris.

Facial and other body hair is flammable. Water soluble surgical lubricating jelly may be used to cover hair close to the surgical site to decrease flammability.

Verify that all anesthesia circuit connections are leak free before and during use of electrosurgery.

) enriched environments.

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Warning

Fire Hazard During Oropharyngeal Surgery

Verify endotracheal tubes are leak free and that the cuff seals properly to prevent oxygen leaks.

If an uncuffed tube is in use, pack the throat with wet sponges around the uncuffed tube, and be sure to keep sponges wet throughout the procedure.

Question the need for 100% O2 during oropharyngeal or head and neck surgery.

If necessary, scavenge excess O

with separate suction.

ForceTriad Energy Platform

General

Patient and Operating Room

Warning

Each instrument receptacle on this system is designed to accept only one instrument at a time. Follow the instructions provided with electrosurgical instruments for proper connection and use.

Caution

Do not stack equipment on top of the system or place the system on top of electrical equipment. This is an unstable configuration and does not allow for adequate cooling.

Provide as much distance as possible between the system and other electronic equipment (such as monitors). Do not cross or bundle electronic-device cords. This system may cause interference with other electronic equipment.

Active Instruments

Caution

Read the instructions, warnings, and cautions provided with electrosurgical instruments before using. Specific instructions for electrosurgical instruments are not included in this manual.

Inspect instruments and cords for breaks, cracks, nicks, and other damage before every use. If damaged, do not use. Damaged instruments or cords may result in injury or electrical shock to the patient or surgical team.

Safety

Use only instruments that can withstand the maximum output (peak) voltage for each output mode as listed in Chapter 4, Technical Specifications. Using an instrument with a voltage rating that is lower than the maximum output voltage may result in injury to the patient or the operator, or damage to the instrument.

All Covidien instruments have voltage ratings that are greater than the maximum output voltages in the system and are thus fully compatible.

Information on voltage ratings for non-Covidien instruments should be obtained from the instrument’s manufacturer.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 2-5

General

Implanted Electronic Devices (IEDs)

IEDs include, but are not limited to, pacemakers, neurostimulators, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), ventricular assist devices (VAD), spinal cord stimulators, cochlear implants, infusion pumps and bone growth stimulators.

Warning

If the patient has an implanted electronic device (IED), contact the IED manufacturer for instructions before performing an electrosurgical or tissue-fusion procedure. Electrosurgery or tissue fusion may cause multiple activations of ICDs, or interfere with the intended function of other IEDs.

After Surgery

Warning

Electric Shock Hazard Always turn off and unplug the ForceTriad energy platform before

cleaning.

Caution

Do not reprocess, reuse or resterilize instruments labeled “disposable” or “single use only.”

Notice

Do not clean the system with abrasive cleaning or disinfectant compounds, solvents, or other materials that could scratch the panels or damage the system.

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Monopolar

Warning

Simultaneously activating suction/irrigation and electrosurgical current may result in increased arcing at the electrode tip, burns to unintended tissues, or shocks and burns to the surgical team.

Some surgeons may elect to “buzz the hemostat” during surgical procedures. It is not recommended, and the hazards of such a practice probably cannot be eliminated. Burns to the surgeon’s hands are possible. To minimize the risk take these precautions:

• “Buzz the hemostat” below hand level (as close as possible to the patient) to reduce the opportunity for current to follow alternate paths through the surgeon’s hands.

• Do not “buzz the hemostat” with a needle electrode.

• Do not lean on the patient, the table, or the retractors while buzzing the hemostat.

• Activate cut rather than coag. Cut has a lower voltage than coag.

• Firmly grasp as much of the hemostat as possible before activating the system. This disperses the current over a larger area and minimizes the current concentration at the finger tips.

• Use the lowest power setting possible for the minimum time necessary to achieve hemostasis.

• Activate the system after the instrument makes contact with the hemostat. Do not arc to the hemostat.

• When using a coated- or nonstick-blade electrode, place the edge of the electrode against the hemostat or other metal instrument.

Monopolar

Patient and Operating Room

Safety

Patient Return Electrodes

Warning

Do not attempt to use patient return electrodes that disable the REM system. The REM system functions correctly only with contact quality monitoring (CQM) split-style patient return electrodes. Any other patient return electrode products may cause patient injury or product damage.

The safe use of monopolar electrosurgery requires proper placement of the patient return electrode. To avoid electrosurgical burns beneath the patient return electrode, follow all directions provided with the product.

Do not cut a patient return electrode to reduce its size. Patient burns due to high current density may result.

A patient return electrode is not necessary in bipolar or LigaSure procedures.

To avoid patient burns, ensure that the patient return electrode firmly and completely contacts the skin. Always check the patient return electrode periodically and after the patient is repositioned and during procedures involving long periods of activation.

Use of duty cycles greater than 25% (10 seconds active followed by 30 seconds inactive) increases the risk that heat build-up under a return electrode may be high enough to injure the patient. Do not continuously activate for longer than one minute.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 2-7

Monopolar

Notice

Capacitive pads and other non-CQM patient return electrodes may not work with the system.

Important

A statement of compatibility from the CQM patient return electrode manufacturer should be obtained prior to the use of a non-Covidien CQM patient return electrode.

Inadvertent Radio Frequency (RF) Burns

Warning

Electrodes and probes used with monitoring, stimulation, and imaging devices (or similar equipment) can provide a path for high-frequency current even if the electrodes or probes are isolated at 50 Hz to 60 Hz, insulated, and/or battery operated.

Do not use needles as monitoring electrodes during electrosurgical procedures. Inadvertent electrosurgical burns may result.

To reduce the risk of an inadvertent electrosurgical burn at the electrode or probe site, place the electrode and/or probe as far away as possible from the electrosurgical site and/or patient return electrode. Protective impedances (resistors or RF inductors) installed in the monitoring leads may reduce the risk of such burns. Consult the hospital biomedical engineer for further information.

In some circumstances, the potential exists for alternate site burns at points of skin contact (e.g., between the arm and the side of the body). This occurs when electrosurgical current seeks a path to the patient return electrode that includes the skin-to-skin contact point. Current passing through small skin-to-skin contact points is concentrated and may cause a burn. This is true for ground referenced and isolated output electrosurgical energy systems.

To reduce the potential for alternate site burns, do one or more of the following:

• Avoid skin-to-skin contact points, such as fingers touching leg or knee touching knee when positioning the patient.

• Place insulation, such as dry gauze or towel, between contact points to ensure that contact does not occur.

• Position the patient return electrode to provide a direct current route between the surgical site and the return electrode which avoids skin-to-skin contact areas.

• In addition, place patient return electrodes according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

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Laparoscopic Procedures

Warning

For laparoscopic procedures, be alert to these potential hazards:

• Laparoscopic surgery may result in gas embolism due to insufflation of gas in the abdomen.

• The electrode tip may remain hot enough to cause burns after the electrosurgical current is deactivated.

• Inadvertent activation or movement of the activated electrode outside of the field of vision may result in injury to the patient.

• Localized burns to the patient or physician may result from electrical currents carried through conductive objects (such as cannulas or scopes). Electrical current may be generated in conductive objects through direct contact with the active electrode, or by the active instrument (electrode or cable) being in close proximity to the conductive object.

• Do not use hybrid trocars that have a non-conductive locking anchor placed over a conductive sleeve. For the operative channel, use all-metal or all-plastic systems. At no time should electrical energy pass through hybrid systems. Capacitive coupling of RF current may cause unintended burns.

• When using laparoscopic instrumentation with metal cannulas, the potential exists for abdominal-wall burns to occur due to direct electrode contact or capacitive coupling of RF current. This is most likely to occur in instances where the system is activated for extended periods at high power levels inducing high current levels in the cannula.

• Ensure that the insulation of single-use and reusable laparoscopic instrumentation is intact and uncompromised. Compromised insulation may lead to inadvertent metal-to-metal sparking and neuromuscular stimulation and/or inadvertent sparking to adjacent tissue.

• Do not activate electrodes while in contact with other instruments as unintended tissue injury may occur.

Patient and Operating Room

Safety

Do not activate the system in an open-circuit condition. To reduce the chances of unintended burns, activate the system only when the active electrode is near or touching the target tissue.

• Use the lowest power setting that achieves the desired surgical effect and use a low-voltage waveform (Pure Cut, Blend, or Valleylab mode) to lessen the potential for the creation of capacitive currents.

• Carefully insert and withdraw active electrodes from cannulas to avoid possible injury to the patient or damage to the devices.

Covidien recommends against the use of laparoscopic surgery on pregnant patients.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 2-9

Bipolar

Caution

Bipolar instruments must be connected to the bipolar instrument receptacle only. Improper connection may result in inadvertent system activation.

LigaSure

Warning

LigaSure instruments are intended for use ONLY with the ForceTriad energy platform and the LigaSure vessel sealing system. Use of these instruments with other Covidien generators or with generators produced by other manufacturers may not result in electrical output for which these instruments were designed and thus may not result in the desired clinical effect.

If the seal-complete tone has not sounded, an optimal seal may not have been achieved. Reactivate the RF energy until a seal-complete tone is heard.

The LigaSure tissue-fusion function has not been shown to be effective for tubal sterilization or tubal coagulation for sterilization procedures. Do not use this function for these procedures.

Use caution during surgical cases in which patients exhibit certain types of vascular pathology (atherosclerosis, aneurysmal vessels, etc.). For best results, apply the seal to unaffected vasculature.

Do not activate the system in the LigaSure mode until the tissue-fusion instrument has been applied with the proper pressure. Activating the system before this is done results in an improper seal and may increase thermal spread to tissue outside the surgical site.

Tissue fusion requires the application of RF energy and pressure from the instrument. Tissue to be sealed must be firmly grasped between the instrument jaw electrodes. Tissue in the jaw hinge or outside the instrument jaw will not be sealed even if thermal blanching occurs.

Do not use LigaSure instruments on vessels in excess of 7 mm in diameter.

LigaSure instruments that require single-use electrodes must be used with the correct electrode type. Use of these instruments with any other electrodes could result in injury to the patient or surgical team, or cause damage to the instrument.

Conductive fluids (e.g, blood or saline) in direct contact with LigaSure instruments or in close proximity may carry electrical current or heat, which may cause unintended surgical effects or burns.

Caution

Energy based devices, such as electrosurgical pencils or ultrasonic scalpels, that are associated with thermal spread should not be used to transect seals.

Avoid placing fingers in the handle ratchet mechanism or between the ring handles or jaws as applicable depending on the type of instrument. Injury to the user may result.

2-10 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

LigaSure in Laparoscopic Procedures

Warning

For laparoscopic procedures, be alert to these potential hazards:

• The external surfaces of the LigaSure instrument jaws may remain hot enough to cause burns after the RF current is deactivated.

• Inadvertent activation or movement of the activated LigaSure instrument outside of the field of vision may result in injury to the patient.

• Do not activate the instrument while the instrument jaws are in contact with, or in close proximity to, other instruments including metal cannulas, as localized burns to the patient or physician may occur.

• Do not activate the LigaSure function in an open circuit condition. Activate the system only when the instrument is near or in direct contact with the target tissue to reduce the possibility of unintended burns.

• Carefully insert and withdraw LigaSure instruments from cannulas to avoid possible damage to the devices and/or injury to the patient.

Servicing

Patient and Operating Room

Safety

Servicing

Warning

Electric Shock Hazard Do not remove the system cover. Contact qualified personnel for service.

Notice

Refer to Chapter 9, Maintenance and Repair for maintenance recommendations and function and output power verification procedures.

Shunt Cords

Warning

Some surgical instruments (e.g., colonoscopes) may allow substantial leakage current that could burn the surgeon. If the instrument manufacturer recommends the use of a shunt cord (s-cord) to direct the current back to the system, you must also use a E0507-B adapter. To avoid a REM alarm, you must use a REM Polyhesive™ patient return electrode with the E0507-B adapter.

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Conductive Fluid in the Surgical Site

Warning

When this system is used in procedures where conductive fluid (saline or lactated Ringers) is introduced into the surgical site for distention or to conduct RF current, higher than normal currents (greater than one amp) may be produced. In this situation, use one or more adult-size return electrodes. Do not use return electrodes labeled for children, infants, babies, neonatal use, or pediatric use.

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Chapter 3

Principles of Operation

This chapter provides detailed information about how the ForceTriad energy platform functions and how the internal components interact.

This chapter includes the following information:

• A block diagram that illustrates how the system functions

• A general description of how the system works

• Detailed descriptions of the circuitry for the printed PCBAs

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 3-1

Block Diagram

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Block Diagram key to numbers

1 ASSY CABLE CHASSIS-GND NHP 23 CABLE DISPLAY POWER FORCETRIAD

2 CABLE AC FILTER-SWITCH FORCETRIAD 24 CABLE UFAP SENSE FORCETRIAD

3 CABLE PANEL-SWITCH FORCETRIAD 25 CABLE ETHERNET 27 INCH

4 CABLE AC SWITCH HVDC FORCETRIAD 26 CABLE FLEX LCD-DISPLAY FORCETRIAD

5 CABLE HVDC-LVPS FORCETRIAD 27 CABLE FLEX LCD-DISPLAY FORCETRIAD

6 CABLE RF-LVPS FORCETRIAD 28 CABLE FLEX LCD-DISPLAY FORCETRIAD

7 CABLE SPEAKER FORCETRIAD 29 CABLE LCD-INVERTER FORCETRIAD

8 CABLE LIGASURE 1 FTSW FORCETRIAD 30 CABLE LCD-INVERTER FORCETRIAD

9 CABLE LIGASURE 2 FTSW FORCETRIAD 31 CABLE LCD-INVERTER FORCETRIAD

Block Diagram

10 CABLE REM SR-RF FORCETRIAD 32 CABLE RIBBON SCANNER FORCETRIAD (LIG 1)

11 CABLE MONO OUT FORCETRIAD 33 CABLE RIBBON SCANNER FORCETRIAD (LIG 2)

12 CABLE RF-STEERING FORCETRIAD 34 CABLE RIBBON SCANNER FORCETRIAD (MONO 1)

13 CABLE AUTOBIPOLAR FORCETRIAD 35 CABLE RIBBON SCANNER FORCETRIAD (LIG 2)

14 CABLE LIG 1 OUTPUT FORCETRIAD 36 INTEGRAL TO LCD ASSEMBLY

15 CABLE LIG 2 OUTPUT FORCETRIAD 37 INTEGRAL TO LCD ASSEMBLY

16 CABLE BIP OUTPUT FORCETRIAD 38 INTEGRAL TO LCD ASSEMBLY

17 CABLE BIPOLAR SENSE FORCETRIAD 39 CABLE UFP POWER FORCETRAID

18 CABLE ACTIVE BIPOLAR SENSE 40 ASSY CABLE REM RETURN FORCETRIAD

19 CABLE MONO 1 OUTPUT 41 CABLE RF-FOOTSWITCH FORCETRIAD

20 CABLE MONO 2 OUTPUT 42 CABLE RF SHIELD FORCETRIAD

21 CABLE DISPLAY POWER 43 not orderable

22 CABLE MONO MODE FORCETRIAD 44 JUMPER CABLE FAN FEP

Principles of Operation

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 3-3

Functional Overview

The ForceTriad energy platform is a combination of a full-featured general-surgery electrosurgical unit and a LigaSure vessel sealing system. The monopolar and bipolar sections of the system are isolated electrosurgical outputs that provide the appropriate power for cutting, desiccating, and fulgurating tissue during monopolar and bipolar surgery. The LigaSure section of the system provides power for vessel sealing.

During monopolar electrosurgery, radio frequency (RF) current flows from the system to an active electrode, which delivers the current to the patient. The resistance to the current, provided by the patient’s tissue and/or the air between the active electrode and the tissue, produces the heat that is necessary for the surgical effect. The RF current flows from the active electrode, through the patient’s body tissue to the return electrode, which recovers the current and returns it to the system.

The LigaSure vessel sealing system provides precise energy delivery and electrode pressure to vessels for a controlled time period to achieve a complete and permanent fusion of the vessel lumen.

TissueFect Tissue Sensing Technology

The system automatically senses resistance and adjusts the output voltage to maintain a consistent tissue effect across different tissue impedance. This adjustment is based on the selected mode, the power setting, and the level of tissue resistance.

REM Contact Quality Monitoring System

The system uses the REM Contact Quality Monitoring system to monitor the quality of electrical contact between the patient return electrode and the patient. The REM system is designed to minimize the risk of burns at the return electrode site during monopolar electrosurgery.

When the user connects a REM Polyhesive patient return electrode to the patient return electrode receptacle, they activate the REM system. When the user activates monopolar output, the system connects the patient return electrode path. If the user activates bipolar output while a return electrode is connected to the patient, the return electrode circuit is deactivated automatically to eliminate the possibility of current dispersal.

The REM system continuously measures resistance at the return electrode site and compares it to a standard range of safe resistance (between 5 minimizing intermittent false alarms that could result from small changes in resistance.

The REM system also adapts to individual patients by measuring the initial contact resistance (baseline resistance) between the patient and the patient return electrode. If the tissue impedance at the return electrode decreases during electrosurgery, the REM system resets the baseline resistance.

Ω and 135 Ω), thus

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High-Voltage DC (HVDC PCBA) Power Supply Principles of Operation

REM Alarm Activation

The REM Alarm indicator flashes red, a tone sounds, and the system stops producing output power when either of the following occurs:

• The measured resistance is below 5 Ω or above 135 Ω, the limits of the standard range of safe resistance.

• An increase in contact resistance is greater than 40% from the initial measurement (baseline resistance).

The REM Alarm indicator remains illuminated red until the condition causing the alarm is corrected. Then, the indicator illuminates green and RF output is enabled.

Electrodes Without the REM Safety Feature

Return electrodes without the REM safety feature cannot be used on the system.

High-Voltage DC (HVDC PCBA) Power Supply Principles of Operation

The HVDC power supply regulates an output DC voltage to a desired level that is proportional to a 0 V to 5 V analog logic signal called Voltage Control (ECON). The AC input range is 85 VAC to 264 VAC with line frequencies from 47 Hz to 63 Hz. The HVDC can be simplified into two sections, the AC section and DC section.

The AC section rectifies the AC input into the rectified +Bus and –Bus voltages. For line voltages of 150 VAC or less, the rectified AC voltage is doubled. The rectified voltage is monitored and is flagged if the voltage starts to drop too low or if the rectified voltage exceeds 400 VDC. As a safety feature, the HVDC shuts down when it exceeds 400 VDC. The AC section also incorporates a soft start circuit that reduces the inrush AC current at power up.

The DC section is a phase-shifted full-bridge topology and uses a Pulse Width Modulator (PWM). The DC section consists of limits that help protect the HVDC from fault conditions.

These limits include over voltage, over current, over power, and short circuit. Each limit sends a flag to the controller PCBA if it is triggered and shuts down the HVDC. Another feature of the HVDC is an active discharge circuit; this circuit places a load across the output. This allows the output of the HVDC to discharge quickly no matter what the load attached to the HVDC.

Principles of Operation

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RF PCBA Principles of Operation

The primary purpose of the ForceTriad RF PCBA is to convert the DC voltage coming from the HVDC PCBA into a 470 kHz RF signal that is sent to the Steering Relay PCBA to be distributed to the appropriate output.

A push-pull topology is used to accomplish this voltage conversion. Two gate-drive signals that are 180° out of phase are used to drive the high-voltage Field Effect Transistors (FETs), called T ON and T ON 180. The gate-drive signals turn on each of the FETs at opposite times to deliver a waveform at the specified power requested from the user.

The RF PCBA is capable of several different outputs ranging from 5.5 A RMS in LigaSure tissue fusion modes to over 7 KVpp in coag modes. Relays throughout the RF PCBA switch in the appropriate tuning elements required to achieve these various outputs.

Primary and redundant sense circuits detect the RF output voltage and current. An accurate scaled down AC voltage representative of each of these is sent to the controller PCBA, which in turn keeps the output at levels appropriate for the mode in use.

Four sense relays for each circuit correspond to specific modes and switch in voltage dividers tuned to divide the output signals to levels that are manageable for the controller PCBA.

Three relays for each voltage sense circuit divide down the output voltages from 425 Vpk

- 5000 Vpk to around 1 Vpk, depending on the mode selected by the user. The current

sensors use one relay for each circuit; this relay activates for currents higher than 1 A RMS. The sensor signals are passed through a multiplier which uses a gain control signal from the controller PCBA.

After this multiplier stage, the signal is filtered and routed to the controller PCBA. RF voltage and current foldback circuits use the ranges selected on the sensors to determine if a limit has been reached. These circuits fold back the ECON signal going to the HVDC, reducing the DC output to the RF PCBA. This in turn reduces the RF output amplitude.

REM

The Return Electrode Monitor (REM) circuit monitors the resistance between the two return areas on a REM electrode using an 80 kHz signal generated by the controller PCBA.

Autobipolar

The Autobipolar (ABP) circuit consists of an 80 kHz signal, also generated by the controller PCBA. It is used to monitor the bipolar output impedance.

Leakage Current Monitor

The RF PCBA also features a leakage current monitor circuit, which measures the active and return of the system and puts out a DC voltage that represents the difference

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RF PCBA Principles of Operation

between the two. If this voltage exceeds a limit, the RF is folded back to prevent excess leakage current.

Sensor Circuit

The sensor circuit provides RF output voltage and current monitoring to software in order to deliver the correct energy dosage during a surgical procedure. Two identical sensory circuit paths, composed of a primary and backup, are implemented to provide fail-safe mitigation in the event of circuit failure.

Because each primary and backup sensor circuit mirrors the other, the sensed output voltages, which are monitored by software, are equal when the sensory system maintains proper operation. In the event of a failure of the primary or backup sense circuit, dissimilar outputs are present and software detection stops delivery of RF. The user is notified with an error message displayed on the front panel of the ForceTriad energy platform.

Each primary and backup sensory circuit consists of four processing elements to ensure that the correct RF is delivered. In the description that follows, the primary sensory path is identified for the voltage-sense circuitry, with reference designation only provided to the backup circuit.

Backup-circuit operation is identical to the primary circuit that is described here. RF current-sense circuit process is symmetrical to the voltage-sense description in that it also uses four processing elements. The only notable difference between voltage and current sensing is the different transfer gains required to adequately address the dynamic range of individual system operating modes.

First: Transformer T6, along with resistors R110 and R119, provide RF output voltage monitoring by generating a proportionately scaled, secondary-sense voltage, which is correlated to the delivered RF output voltage. Backup referenced components are T1, R95, and R111.

Principles of Operation

Second: Coupled to the secondary of transformer T6, a software-controlled switchedpad network is implemented to provide proper impedance scaling to address the dynamic sensory range required for all operating modes of the system.

This pad-impedance switched network is used to develop the proportionately scaled secondary sense voltage of T6. Resistors R103 and R107 provide the initial impedance termination, paralleled by resistor-paired components R104 and R105, R94 and R106, and R85 and R100, which are switched independent on the selected system cut, blend, and coag operating modes respectively.

Paired-resistor switching is accomplished by electronic-switch components RL12, RL11, and RL10 respectively. Backup referenced-terminating components are R89 and R93; paired components are R90 and R91, R88 and R92, and R81 and R84; and switch components are RL9, RL8, and RL7, which are used respectively.

Third: The Pad network output of T6 is then differentially fed to a gain control module, U18, which provides continuous gain control to normalize the sensed voltage output, independent of system operating modes and delivered RF power levels.

Amplifier, U19, buffers the signal received from software which is used to precisely control the gain of U18, while amplifier U17 provides a scaled differential-output voltage,

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Steering Relay PCBA Principles of Operation

a result of U18 gain processing. Backup referenced components are gain-control module U40, buffer amp U31, and difference amp U30 respectively.

Fourth: The output of amplifier U17 is now delivered to the last stage for sensory-signal processing. An anti-alias filter device, U16, receives the difference signal from U17. The last stage of sensor processing provides a benefit to the RF-monitored output; it increases the accuracy of the delivered RF by minimizing noise to the sensed signals. Backup components U29, R190, and R216 are used.

Steering Relay PCBA Principles of Operation

To accommodate the need for high isolation between the patient and ground-referenced voltages during use, the ForceTriad Steering Relay PCBA design incorporates several different types of relays designed for very high voltage standoff. In addition, cut-outs on the PCBA increase distances at strategic locations to help reduce creepage issues.

Multiple functions are performed by the Steering Relay PCBA. The main function is to route the 470 kHz from the RF PCBA to one of the six outputs. The outputs are as follows: LigaSure 1, LigaSure 2, Bipolar, Mono 1, Mono 2, and Footswitch Controlled outputs

Because only one output can be active at any given time, the Steering Relay PCBA plays an important role in maintaining the isolation between all the outputs and their respective circuits. During mono and footswitch modes, a return path, called Mono return, is required.

Mono return is monitored with a Return Electrode Monitor (REM) circuit. This circuit monitors the resistance between the two return areas on a REM electrode. The actual REM circuit is on the RF PCBA, but this 80 kHz signal is routed through the Steering Relay PCBA to the Mono return.

Another signal that is routed from the RF PCBA to the Steering Relay PCBA is the Autobipolar (ABP) signal. This 80 kHz signal monitors the bipolar output impedance.

Another important function of the Steering Relay PCBA is hand-switching detection. The circuits used to detect hand-switching requests are powered from individual, highly isolated power supplies.

These power supplies use transformers that convert ground referenced +12 V to an isolated +8 V or +5 V, each referenced to its corresponding output. Five handswitching power supplies are available: LigaSure 1, LigaSure 2, Bipolar, Mono 1, and Mono 2. When an active hand-switch signal is detected, the detection signal is transferred across an optocoupler and is sent to the microprocessor.

The final function of this PCBA is footswitch and bipolar sense. These circuits determine if an instrument is connected to any of the receptacles.

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Circuit Descriptions for the ForceTriad Display PCBA

Hotlink Transceiver U1

The Cypress Hotlink II transceiver U1 handles all communications between the Display PCBAs Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) U28 and the controller PCBA. A single IC handles bi-directional communication.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Driver Inside the FPGA U28

The LCD driver receives video data from the controller PCBA and outputs it to the displays. Data is written into a 16-pixel deep First In/First Out (FIFO) when received from the serial link. Data is read out of the FIFO and presented to the displays at the pixel rate.

For the ForceTriad energy platform, this yields a display refresh rate of ~46 Hz. In either case, the pixel rate must be derived from the receive clock to keep the display output in sync with the display data generation on the controller PCBA and prevent overflowing or under flowing of the pixel FIFO.

Touchscreen Driver

The touch-screen driver reads user input from the touchscreens. Three touchscreens are attached to the Display PCBA, each through its own five-wire interface. The touchscreen driver polls each screen in turn to determine whether the user is pressing on it. If so, the X and Y position of the touch are detected.

On the ForceTriad Display PCBA, load switching FETs are used to drive voltages onto the four electrical-drive connections, and the voltage on the sense connection is read by an Analog Digital Converter (ADC) U4. The drive circuitry normally drives +3.3 V to all four drive connections, while the sense connection is pulled weakly to ground.

To measure an X coordinate, the FPGA applies 3.3 V to the upper-right and lower-right corners of the touch screen, and ground to the upper-left and lower-left corners. The ADC reads the voltage on the sense line and sends it to the FPGA as a digital value. The FPGA stores this value in the touch-screen register. The FPGA then measures a Y coordinate by applying 3.3 V to the upper-right and lower-right corners, and ground to the lower-left and lower-right corners. The ADC reads the voltage on the sense line and sends it to the FPGA as a digital value. The FPGA stores this value in the touch-screen register along with the X-coordinate value and the address of the touchscreen that has been touched. The register data is sent to the Controller which updates the display image.

Principles of Operation

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Footswitch/Audio PCBA Circuitry Description

Barcode Driver

The Display PCBA supports communication with four barcode readers through a quadUniversal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) U14. One channel of the serialinterface side of the UART is connected to each barcode reader, while the control side is connected to the display FPGA.

The barcode driver reads data bytes out of the UART as they are received from the barcode readers and sends them to the controller PCBA. It also writes data and control bytes to the UART as specified by the controller PCBA.

Power Supply

The power supply is dual DC to DC converter U16. The power supply has an input of 5 V and converts it down to 3.3 V and 1.8 V outputs.

Footswitch/Audio PCBA Circuitry Description

Overview

The primary function of the audio circuitry is to receive commands from the Interface Control Logic (ICL) FPGA on the controller PCBA through a serial, two-wire SMBus data link. The FPGA on this PCBA processes that data to determine three parameters; wave file, volume, and duration.

Based on these parameters, the FPGA accesses corresponding parallel data from flash memory, serializes it and passes it out to the DAC. Control data is also passed to the DAC that sets the volume level of the output-amplifier stage. Footswitch data is collected and sent to the controller PCBA as well.

Finally, the expansion port has an RS-232 and ECG/blanking relay interface that connects directly to the controller PCBA and DAC controlled by this FPGA.

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Footswitch/Audio PCBA Circuitry Description

Power Supplies

This PCBA requires 2 power supplies: 5 V and 12 V. From those input voltages it also generates 2.5 V, 3.3 V, and isolated supplies of +12 V, -12 V and +5 V. 5 V and 12 V are delivered to this PCBA through the RF PCBA connector.

The 2.5 V and 3.3 V supplies are regulated down from the 5 V supply on this PCBA. The 5 V rail should draw approximately 100 mA. The 12 V rail should draw approximately 500 mA at full volume with no expansion port peripherals connected.

The 12 V supply is used by the audio amplifier, TPA1517, and also generates all of the isolated-power supplies. The isolated-power supply can source approximately 250 mA on each, +12 V ISO and -12 V ISO, and 500 mA on +5 V ISO.

Communications

All communications between the controller PCBA and the Footswitch/Audio PCBA are conducted over a two-wire System Management Bus (SMBus). The master of this bus is the controller PCBA.

Audio Data

Three commands can be received from the controller PCBA; reset, parameter write and parameter read. The reset command resets all internal-state machines inside the FPGA. It also immediately stops a running audio stream. The parameter commands allow the controller to write and read three internal parameters that control sending out audio data.

These parameters are: wave file, duration, and volume.

The wave-file parameter selects a particular wave file in the flash memory by selecting a base memory address from a look up table.

The duration parameter selects how many times to repeat the wave file. Since each wave file is a fixed length, that file can be repeated up to 30 times, or it can be told to be sent out continuously until another command is received.

Finally, the volume parameter simply selects a volume level between 0 (mute) and 1024 (highest volume, approximately 60 dBA).

When a command is received, the FPGA processes that command only once. For example, if a particular wave file is selected to be played twice, the FPGA plays that wave file twice and then stop until a new command is received. If a wave file is to be played continuously, it can be set using the duration parameter.

Principles of Operation

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Footswitch/Audio PCBA Circuitry Description

Footswitch Data

Footswitch data is polled in this FPGA and, when a footswitch register read is received from the ICL FPGA, the footswitch-register data is sent to the ICL FPGA and then cleared. After being cleared, the FPGA immediately polls the footswitches for new footswitch activations. If an activation is detected, the FPGA holds a corresponding bit in the footswitch register until it is read by the ICL FPGA, even if the footswitch is depressed before that event occurs.

Expansion Port DAC Data

The ICL FPGA sends DAC data to this FPGA, which is then serialized and sent out to the expansion port DACs. Four DAC registers can be written to in this FPGA; each corresponds to a RF statistic: power, current, voltage, and load impedance.

DAC Amplifier

The DAC is an Analog Device AD1854. It is controlled by two serial interfaces. One interface streams left- and right-channel audio data. The other interface sends control data to the DAC, including amplification settings. The volume parameter is passed directly to the DAC by way of this interface.

The amplifier is an Analog Device TPA1517. It is a 6 W amplifier and runs off 12 V. For both the DAC and the amplifier, only one of the two channels is used since the Footswitch/Audio PCBA only has one speaker.

Isolated Footswitch and Expansion Port Circuitry

The footswitch circuit provides an isolated footswitch-detection circuit that passes footswitch data directly to this PCBA’s FPGA. The FPGA, as noted above, polls the footswitches for activations.

The expansion port has an ECG/blanking relay that is directly controlled by the controller PCBA. The expansion port also has an RS-232 interface that links directly to the controller. And finally, it has a DAC that outputs analog data that corresponds to RF parameters.

Controller PCBA Principles of Operation

The controller PCBA regulates all system outputs, receives and interrupts all customer inputs, monitors the entire system for safety issues and proper functionality, and acts as the overall manager for all systems within the ForceTriad. The controller PCBA contains the host processor, Digital Signal Processors (DSP’s), Interface Control Logic PLD (ICL), data converters, and external peripherals. These are discussed in the next few pages.

The controller PCBA constantly monitors the health and overall operation of the system. If the unit operates outside of a set of operational specifications built into the system, the system alerts the user of the malfunction or system issue using an error code. These error

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Footswitch/Audio PCBA Circuitry Description

codes are unique to the system issue. Each error code identifies the section or general area of concern within the system. Chapter 7, Troubleshooting, describes the error codes and components affected by the error.

The controller PCBA also acts as the interface with the user. The controller PCBA contains multiple communication ports. The ports are:

• RS-232 (primary communication path)

• USB port (may be disabled depending on system configuration)

• Ethernet port (may be disabled depending on system configuration)

Each port offers a two-way communication path between the user and the system. These ports give the user the ability to get stored data from the controller PCBA, upload the latest software revision, and allows the user to connect external testing equipment to the system for calibration, functional test, and preventive maintenance.

Host Processor

The host has FLASH, SDRAM, and SRAM memory blocks. All memory devices are directly connected to the address and data bus. The SRAM is a battery-backed device that also supports the system’s real-time clock function. The host processor is also capable of external communication through two RS232 ports, an Ethernet port, and a USB port.

Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Controlled Data Converters

DSP1

The DSP is the main control-system processor. Its primary responsibility is control of the HVDC PCBA setting (by way of an on-board DAC), as well as the keying signal for the RF FETs (T_ON, T_ON_180).

It also reads a set of voltage and current sensors that complete the feedback loop of the control system. DSP1 has FLASH and SDRAM memories directly connected to its address and data bus.

DSP2

The second DSP in the system is the dosage-error processor. It reads a redundant set of the same sensors that DSP1 reads. Through a direct-connect serial channel (or through the ICL), the two DSPs are able to compare sensor results. DSP2 has FLASH and SDRAM memories directly connected to its address and data bus.

Principles of Operation

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Footswitch/Audio PCBA Circuitry Description

Interface Control Logic PLD

The purpose of the ICL is to act as Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) for the processors. Those peripherals not directly connected to the processors are connected to the ICL. The ICL also provides a communication channel for the three processors through a tri-port RAM. The peripherals connected to the ICL are:

• Footswitch/Audio PCBA

• PCBA ID bus

• Display PCBA (LCDs, barcode readers, and touchscreens)

• Low-Voltage Power Supply (LVPS) power-fail circuit

• REM and HVPS sensor circuits

• RF relays

Data Converters

There are four high-speed Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) on the PCBA for voltage and current sensor data. There is also one slow-speed ADC for reading REM voltage as well as the HVPS output. There are three Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) on the PCBA as well.

One DAC is not used. The other two DACs are used by the DSPs to drive the gain of their respective voltage and current sensors. The DSP1 DAC also drives the voltage level of the HVPS.

External Peripherals

The controller PCBA has ports for talking to external peripherals through the following protocols: RS232, USB 1.1, and Ethernet.

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Chapter 4

Technical Specifications

All specifications are nominal and subject to change without notice. A specification referred to as “typical” is within ± 20% of a stated value at room temperature (77° F/25° C) and a nominal line input voltage.

Caution

Read all warnings, cautions, and instructions provided with this system before use.

Read the instructions, warnings, and cautions provided with electrosurgical instruments before use. Specific instructions for electrosurgical instruments are not included in this manual.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-1

Performance Characteristics

General

Output configuration Isolated output

Cooling Natural and forced convection, and fan

Display Three LCD touchscreens

Connector ports LED illuminated Smart-connector readers

Mounting • ForceTriad energy platform cart (FT900), Universal

Mounting cart (UC8009), and/or the UC8010 Overshelf

• Operating-room boom systems

• Any stable, flat surface such as a table or cart top

Dimensions and Weight

Width 18 in. (45.7 cm)

Depth 20 in. (50.8 cm)

Height 10 in. (25.4 cm)

Weight 30 lb. (13.6 kg)

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Operating Parameters

Performance Characteristics

Ambient temperature range

Relative humidity 30% to 75% non-condensing

Atmospheric pressure 700 millibars to 1060 millibars

Warm-up time If transported or stored at temperatures outside the

50° F to 104° F (+10° C to +40° C)

operating temperature range, allow one hour for the system to reach room temperature before use.

Transport and Storage

Ambient-temperature range

Relative humidity 25% to 85% (non-condensing)

Atmospheric pressure 500 millibars to 1060 millibars

Duration of storage The ForceTriad energy platform may be stored

-22° F to 149° F (-30° C to +65° C)

indefinitely. If the system is stored for over one year, the memory battery must be replaced, and the system must be re-calibrated in accordance with Chapter 9, Maintenance and Repair.

Internal Memory

Nonvolatile, batterybacked RAM

Storage capacity 256 KB

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-3

Battery type: Lithium

Battery life: 120 mAh

Technical Specifications

Performance Characteristics

Activation Tone

The audio levels stated below are for activation tones (cut, Valleylab, coag, bipolar, and LigaSure modes) and alarm tones (REM and system alarms) at a distance of one meter.

Volume (adjustable) 45 dBA to 65 dBA

Frequency Cut – 660 Hz

Duration Continuous while the system is activated

Valleylab – 800 Hz

Coag – 940 Hz

Bipolar – 940 Hz

LigaSure – 440 Hz

Alarm Tone

Volume (not adjustable)

Frequency REM –660 Hz

Duration REM – Two 1/ 2 second tones separated by 1/2 second

> 65 dBA

Reactivate/Regrasp, Check Instrument – Two tones High = 985 Hz, Low = 780 Hz

Seal Complete – 985 Hz

Error/System Alert – Beep tone = 1421 Hz

for each REM event

Reactivate/Regrasp – Four 175 ms tones

High, low, high, low

Check Instrument – Six 175 ms tones

High, low, high, low, high, low

Seal Complete – Two 175 ms tones separated by 175 ms for each seal-complete event

Error/System Alert – Three 250 ms tones separated by 250 ms for each error/system-alert event

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Performance Characteristics

REM Contact Quality Monitor

Interrogation frequency 80 kHz ± 10 kHz

Interrogation current < 100 μA

Interrogation voltage < 12 V RMS

Acceptable Resistance Range

REM resistance measurements are ± 10% during RF activation and ± 5% when RF output is not activated.

REM Polyhesive patient return electrode: 5 Ω initial measured contact resistance (whichever is less).

If the measured resistance is outside the acceptable range(s) noted above, a REM fault condition occurs.

τo 135 Ω or up to a 40% increase in the

REM Alarm Activation

REM Polyhesive patient return electrode: When the measured resistance exceeds the

standard range of safe resistance (below 5 Ω or above 135 Ω) or when the initial measured contact resistance increases by 40% (whichever is less), the REM alarm indicator enlarges and flashes red and yellow, a tone sounds twice, and RF output is disabled. The indicator remains illuminated red and yellow until the user corrects the condition causing the alarm. Then, the indicator illuminates green and RF output is enabled.

Autobipolar

The system is equipped with an autobipolar feature that allows for automatic activation of bipolar energy.

Note: The autobipolar electrode function requires the use of a Reusable Footswitching Bipolar Cord E0020V, E0021S, E0022W, E360150, or E360150L.

Warning

Use of different Covidien cord models or cords from other manufacturers may not achieve proper electrical output for this device, thereby failing to produce the desired clinical effect. For example, Autobipolar activation/deactivation settings may not work properly using cords other than those specified by Covidien.

Technical Specifications

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-5

Performance Characteristics

The autobipolar specifications are:

Interrogation frequency 80 kHz ± 10 kHz

Interrogation current < 100 μA

Interrogation voltage < 12V RMS

Activation impedance 20

Deactivation impedance User selectable: 1,500 Ω, 1,800 Ω, 2,000 Ω or

Keying delay User selectable in 500 ms increments from

Ω to 1000 Ω

2,200 Ω

0 sec to 2.5 sec.

Measurement Accuracy

Inactive

± 5% of Full-scale activation impedance while keying inactive

Active

Mode

: BP Low

Load/Power < 30 W ≥ 30 W

Ω – 500 Ω ± 20% or ± 25 Ω

(Whichever is greater)

± 20% or ± 25 Ω (Whichever is greater)

501 Ω – 1000 Ω ± 40% ± 20%

1001

Ω – 2500 Ω +100%/-50% ± 20%

> 2500

Load/Power < 50 W

1 Ω – 500 Ω ± 20% or ± 25 Ω

501 Ω – 1000 Ω ± 40% ± 20%

Ω Reads > 2200 Ω Reads > 2200 Ω

Mode: BP Standard

≥ 50 W

± 20% or ± 25 Ω

(Whichever is greater)

4-6 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

1001 Ω – 2500 Ω +100%/-50% ± 20%

> 2500 Ω Reads > 2200 Ω Reads > 2200 Ω

Mode: BP Macro

Load/Power All power levels

Performance Characteristics

1 Ω – 2500 Ω ± 20% or ± 25

(Whichever is greater)

> 2500 Ω Reads > 2200 Ω

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-7

Technical Specifications

Performance Characteristics

Duty Cycle

Under maximum power settings and rated load conditions, the system is capable of operating a duty cycle of 25%, defined as 10 seconds active and 30 seconds inactive, in any mode for a period of 4 hours.

Caution

Low-Frequency (50/60 Hz) Leakage Current

Enclosure source current, ground open

Source current, patient leads, all outputs

Sink current at high line, all inputs

< 300 μA

Normal polarity, intact ground: < 10 μA

Normal polarity, ground open: < 50 μA

Reverse polarity, ground open: < 50 μA

Mains voltage on applied part: < 50 μA

< 50 μA

High-Frequency (RF) Leakage Current

Bipolar RF leakage current

Measured with leads recommended by Covidien

< 59.2 mA RMS < 59.2 mA RMS

Measured directly at the system terminals

Monopolar RF leakage current

LigaSure leakage < 132 mA RMS < 100 mA RMS

< 150 mA RMS < 100 mA RMS

4-8 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Input Power

100–120 Volt 220–240 Volt

Maximum VA: 1056 VA Maximum VA: 2080 VA

Performance Characteristics

Input mains voltage, full regulation range: 90 VAC – 132 VAC

Input mains voltage, operating range: 85 VAC – 132 VAC

Mains line frequency range (nominal): 50 Hz – 60 Hz

Fuses (2): 5 mm x 20 mm 8 A, 250 V fast blow

Input mains voltage, full regulation range: 208 VAC – 264 VAC

Input mains voltage, operating range: 170 VAC – 264 VAC

Mains line frequency range (nominal): 50 Hz – 60 Hz

Fuses (2): 5 mm x 20 mm 8 A, 250 V fast blow

Power Cord Specification

This system is factory equipped with a 110 VAC hospital-grade NEMA 5-15 power cord. Should the AC power cord need to be replaced to match another plug configuration, the replacement plug/cable/receptacle configuration must meet or exceed the following specifications:

100-120 VAC

Cable - SJT16/3, IEC color code, maximum length 15 ft. (5 m) Plug - minimum 10 A - 125 VAC Unit receptacle - IEC female, minimum 10 A - 125 VAC

220-240 VAC

Cable - H05VVF3G1.0 VDE, maximum length 15 ft. (5 m) Plug - minimum 6 A - 250 VAC Unit receptacle - IEC female, minimum 6 A - 250 VAC

Important

Contact your local Covidien representative for alternative internationally approved power-cord options.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-9

Technical Specifications

Performance Characteristics

Input Frequency

The system operates within specification at all line-input frequencies between 48 Hz and 62 Hz. The user does not need to reconfigure the system for different line frequencies.

Input Current

The system draws no more than 10 A continuous at input voltages between 100 V and 240 V.

Backup Power

The system retains all user programmed features, calibration, and statistical data when switched off and unplugged. The system operates within specification when switched over to a supplied-line power by hospital backup systems.

Equipotential Ground Connection

An equipotential ground connection is provided to allow connection of the system to ground.

ECG Blanking

An ECG blanking port is provided to signal other devices that the system is active. The receptacle is a 2.5 mm mono jack. It is electrically isolated from the internal ground referenced electronics with the shell electrically connected to the chassis for ESD protection.

4-10 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Standards and IEC Classifications

Classified

3164410

Conforms to: UL STD 60601-1

Certified: CSA STD C22.2 NO. 601.1

Standards and IEC Classifications

The ForceTriad energy platform meets all pertinent clauses of the IEC 60601-1 second edition and IEC 60601-2-2 third edition.

ATTE NTIO N

Consult accompanying documents.

The system output is floating (isolated) with respect to ground.

DANGER

Explosion risk if used with flammable anesthetics.

To reduce the risk of electric shock, do not remove the cover. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel.

Unit produces non-ionizing radiation.

Classified with respect to electrical shock, fire, and mechanical hazards only in accordance with UL60601-1 and CAN/CSA C22.2 No.

601.1.

Classified with respect to electrical shock, fire, and mechanical hazards only in accordance with UL standard 60601-1; certified to CSA standard C22.2 No.

601.1.

Equipment should not be disposed of in trash.

Technical Specifications

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-11

Symbols

Monopolar instrument receptacle

Monopolar footswitching receptacle

Bipolar instrument receptacle

LigaSure related receptacle or footswitch

Color-coded LigaSure footswitch symbol for matching rear panel connector to front panel receptacle

REM patient return electrode receptacle

Volume adjustment for activation tones

Equipotential grounding point

4-12 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Class I Equipment (IEC 60601-1)

Accessible conductive parts cannot become live in the event of a basic insulation failure due to the way in which they are connected to the protective earth conductor.

Type CF Equipment (IEC 60601-1)/Defibrillator Proof

The ForceTriad energy platform provides a high degree of protection against electric shock, particularly regarding allowable leakage currents. It is type CF isolated (floating) output and may be used for procedures involving the heart.

This system complies with the ANSI/AAMI HF18 specifications for “defibrillator proof” designation and IEC 60601-2-2.

Liquid Spillage (IEC 60601-2-2 Clause 44.3)

Symbols

The ForceTriad energy platform is constructed so that liquid spillage in normal use does not wet electrical insulation or other components which when wetted are likely to adversely affect the safety of the equipment.

Voltage Transients (Emergency System Mains Transfer)

The ForceTriad energy platform continues to operate normally with no errors or system failures when transfer is made between line AC and an emergency system voltage source. (IEC 60601-2-2 sub-clause 51.101 and AAMI HF18 sub-clause 4.2.2)

Electromagnetic Compatibility (IEC 60601-1-2 and IEC 60601-2-2)

The ForceTriad energy platform complies with the appropriate IEC 60601-1-2 and 606012-2 specifications regarding electromagnetic compatibility.

Notice

The system should not be used adjacent to or stacked with equipment other than specified in the ForceTriad Energy Platform User Guide and Service Manual. If adjacent or stacked use is necessary, the system should be observed to verify normal operation in the configuration in which it will be used.

The system intentionally applies RF energy for diagnosis or treatment during activation. Observe other electronic medical equipment in the vicinity during the system activation for any possible adverse electromagnetic effects. Ensure adequate separation of electronic medical equipment based on observed reactions.

Technical Specifications

The use of accessories, other than specified in the ForceTriad Energy Platform User Guide and

Service Manual, may result in increased emissions or decreased immunity of the system.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-13

Symbols

The ForceTriad energy platform meets the following requirements:

ESD Immunity (IEC 60601-1-2 Sub-Clause 36.202 and IEC 61000-4-2)

Radiated Immunity (IEC 60601-1-2 sub-clause 36.202.2 and IEC 61000-4-3)

Electrical Fast Transient/Burst (IEC 60601-1-2 sub-clause 36.202.3.1 and IEC 61000-4-4)

Surge Immunity (IEC 60601-1-2 sub-clause 36.202.3.2 and IEC 61000-4-5)

Emissions (IEC 60601-1-2 sub-clause 36.201.1, IEC 60601-2-2 sub-clause 36 and CISPR 11 Class A)

Harmonic distortion (IEC 60601-1-2 sub-clause 36.201.3.1 and IEC 61000-3-2)

Conducted disturbances (IEC 60601-1-2 sub-clause 36.202.6 and IEC 61000-4-6)

Power frequency magnetic fields (IEC 60601-1-2 sub-clause 36.202.8.1 and IEC 61000-4-8)

Voltage dips, short interruptions and variations (IEC 60601-1-2 sub-clause 36.202.7 and IEC 61000-4-11)

Guidance and manufacturer's declaration - electromagnetic emissions

The ForceTriad energy platform is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the system should ensure that it is used in such an environment.

Emissions test Compliance Electromagnetic

environment - guidance

RF emissions

CISPR 11

RF emissions

CISPR 11

Harmonic emissions

IEC 61000-3-2

Voltage fluctuations/flicker

emissions IEC61000-3-3

Group 2 The ForceTriad energy

platform must emit electromagnetic energy in order to perform its intended function. Nearby electronic equipment may be affected.

Class A The ForceTriad energy

platform is suitable for use in all establishments other than

Class A

Complies

domestic and those directly connected to the public lowvoltage power supply network that supplies buildings used for domestic purposes.

4-14 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Guidance and manufacturer's declaration - electromagnetic immunity

The ForceTriad energy platform is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the system should ensure that it is used in such an environment.

Symbols

Immunity test IEC 60601 test

level

Electrostatic

discharge (ESD)

IEC 61000-4-2

Electrical fast transient/burst IEC 61000-4-4

+/-6 kV contact

+/-8 kV air

+/-2 kV for power

supply lines

+/-1 kV for input/

output lines

Surge

IEC 61000-4-5

+/-1 kV

differential mode

+/-2 kV common

mode

Voltage dips, short

interruptions and

voltage variations on

power supply input

lines

IEC 61000-4-11

<5% U

(>95%

dip in U

for 0,5 cycle

40% U

(>60% dip in UT)

for 5 cycles

70% U

(>30% dip in UT)

for 25 cycles

<5% U

(>95% dip in UT)

for 5 sec

Compliance level Electromagnetic

environment - guidance

+/-6 kV contact

+/-8 kV air

Floors should be wood, concrete or ceramic tile. If floors are covered with synthetic material, the relative humidity should be at least 30%.

+/-2 kV for power

supply lines

+/-1 kV for input/

Mains power quality should be that of a typical commercial or hospital environment.

output lines

+/-1 kV differential

mode

+/-2 kV common

Mains power quality should be that of a typical commercial or hospital environment.

mode

<5% U

)

(>95% dip in UT)

for 0,5 cycle

40% U

(>60% dip in UT)

for 5 cycles

70% U

(>30% dip in UT)

for 25 cycles

<5%U

Mains power quality should be that of a typical commercial or hospital environment. If the user of the ForceTriad energy platform requires continued operation during power mains interruptions, it is recommended that the system be powered from an uninterruptible power supply or a battery.

(>95% dip in UT)

for 5 sec

Power frequency

(50/60 Hz) magnetic

field

IEC 61000-4-8

3 A/m 3 A/m Power frequency magnetic

fields should be at levels characteristic of a typical location in a typical commercial or hospital environment.

NOTE: U

is the a.c. mains voltage prior to the application of the test level.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-15

Technical Specifications

Symbols

Guidance and manufacturer's declaration - electromagnetic immunity

The ForceTriad energy platform is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below. The customer or the user of the system should assure that it is used in such an environment.

Immunity test IEC 60601 test

level

Conducted RF

IEC 61000-4-6

Radiated RF

IEC 61000-4-3

3 V RMS

150 kHz to

80 MHz

3 V/m

80 MHz to 2.5 GHz

Compliance

level

3 V

7 V/m

Electromagnetic environment -

guidance

Portable and mobile RF communications equipment should be used no closer to any part of the ForceTriad energy platform, including cables, than the recommended separation distance calculated from the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter.

Recommended separation

distance

d=0.5√ P

d=0.5√P 80 MHz to 800 MHz

d=√P 800 MHz to 2.5 GHz

Where P is the maximum output power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer and d is the recommended separation distance in meters (m).

Field strengths from fixed RF transmitters, as determined by an electromagnetic site survey, should be less than the compliance level in each frequency range.

Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment marked with the following symbol:

Continued

4-16 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

NOTE 1 At a 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency range applies.

NOTE 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is

affected by absorption and reflection from structures, objects and people.

a. Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land mobile radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically with accuracy. To assess the electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site survey should be considered. If the measured field strength in the location in which the ForceTriad energy platform is used exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above, the ForceTriad energy platform should be observed to verify normal operation. If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may be necessary, such as reorienting or relocating the ForceTriad energy platform.

b. Over the frequency range 150 kHz to 80 MHz, field strengths should be less than 7 V/m.

Symbols

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-17

Technical Specifications

Symbols

Recommended separation distances between portable and mobile RF communication

equipment and the ForceTriad energy platform

The ForceTriad energy platform is intended for use in an electromagnetic environment in which radiated RF disturbances are controlled. The Customer or the user of the system can help prevent electromagnetic interferences by maintaining a minimum distance between portable and mobile RF communications equipment (transmitters) and the system as recommended below, according to the maximum output power of the communications equipment.

Separation distance according to frequency of transmitter (m)

Rated maximum

output power of

transmitter (W)

0.01 0.05 m 0.05 m 0.1 m

150 kHz to 80 MHz

d=0.5√P

80 MHz to 800 MHz

d=0.5√P

800 MHz to 2.5 GHz

d=√P

0.1 0.16 m 0.16 m 0.32 m

1 0.5 m 0.5 m 1 m

10 1.6 m 1.6 m 3.2 m

100 5 m 5 m 10 m

For transmitters rated at a maximum output power not listed above, the recommended separation distance d in meters (m) can be estimated using the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where P is the maximum output power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer.

NOTE 1 At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the separation distance for the higher frequency range applies.

NOTE 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and reflection from structures, objects and people.

4-18 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Output Characteristics

Maximum Output for Bipolar, Monopolar, and LigaSure Modes

Power readouts agree with actual power into rated load to within 15% or 5 W, whichever is greater.

Caution

To avoid injury to the patient or surgical team, use only instruments rated for use at, or greater than, the maximum peak voltages listed below. For example, bipolar instruments must have voltage ratings of 250 V peak or greater, as shown in the “Open Circuit Peak Voltage (max)” column.

Output Characteristics

Mode Open

Circuit Peak

Voltage

(max)

Bipolar

Low

Standard

Macro

Monopolar Cut

Cut

Blend

Valleylab (HWD) 2365 V 4730 V 300 Ω 200 W 4.3 25%

Monopolar Coag

Fulgurate

Spray

LigaSure

LigaSure Test

250 V

175 V

250 V

1050 V

1485 V

3050 V

3625 V

287.5 V

147.5 V

Open

Circuit P–P

Voltage

(max)

500 V

350 V

500 V

2100 V

2970 V

6100 V

7250 V

575 V

295 V

Rated

Load

(max)

100 Ω

300 Ω

500 Ω

20 Ω

Power

(max)

95 W

300 W

200 W

120 W

350 W

190 W

Crest

Factor*

1.42

2.7

5.55

6.6

1.42

Duty

Cycle

N/A

50%

6.5%

4.6%

N/A

Technical Specifications

* An indication of a waveform’s ability to coagulate bleeders without a cutting effect.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-19

Output Characteristics

Available Power Settings in Watts

Autobipolar (All Modes)

5 W to 40 W available in 1 W increments

5678910

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

45 W to 95 W available in 5 W increments

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

Bipolar (All Modes)

1 W to 40 W available in 1 W increments

12345678910

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

45 W to 95 W available in 5 W increments

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

4-20 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Monopolar Cut

1 W to 40 W available in 1 W increments

12345678910

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

45 W to 95 W available in 5 W increments

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

Output Characteristics

100 W to 300 W available in 10 W increments

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280

290 300

Monopolar Blend

1 W to 40 W available in 1 W increments

12345678910

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

45 W to 95 W available in 5 W increments

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

Technical Specifications

100 W to 200 W available in 10 W increments

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

190 200

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-21

Output Characteristics

Valleylab

1 W to 40 W available in 1 W increments

12345678910

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

45 W to 95 W available in 5 W increments

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

100 W to 200 W available in 10 W increments

100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

190 200

Monopolar Coag

1 W to 40 W available in 1 W increments

12345678910

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

45 W to 90 W available in 5 W increments

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

100 W to 120 W available in 10 W increments

100 110 120 100 120

4-22 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Output Characteristics

Output Waveforms

Tissue Sensing Technology, an automatic adjustment, controls all modes. As tissue resistance increases from zero, the system outputs constant current followed by constant power followed by constant voltage. The maximum output voltage is controlled to reduce capacitive coupling and video interference and to minimize sparking.

Bipolar

Low 472 kHz sinusoid continuous

Standard 472 kHz sinusoid continuous

Macro 472 kHz sinusoid continuous

Monopolar Cut

Cut 472 kHz sinusoid continuous

Blend 472 kHz bursts of sinusoid, recurring at 26.21 kHz

intervals. 50% duty cycle.

Valleylab

Valleylab 472 kHz bursts of sinusoid, recurring at 28.3 kHz

intervals. 25% duty cycle.

Monopolar Coag

Fulgurate 472 kHz damped sinusoidal bursts with a repetition

frequency of 30.66 kHz. 6.5% duty cycle.

Spray 472 kHz damped sinusoidal bursts with a randomized

repetition centered at 21.7 kHz. 4.6% duty cycle.

Technical Specifications

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-23

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

150

200

250

300

350

100

0 750 1500 2250 3000 3750 4500

100%

50%

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

300 ohms

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

Monopolar Graphs

Pure Cut

Output power versus impedance for Pure cut power

 Output power (watts)  Load impedance (ohms)

Output power versus power setting for Pure cut power

4-24 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

 Output power (watts)  Power setting

Peak voltage versus power setting for Pure cut power

600

800

1000

1200

200

400

Open Circuit

100

150

200

250

300

100

150

200

250

0 750 1500 2250 3000 3750 4500

100%

50%

 Peak voltage  Power setting

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

Blend

Output power versus impedance for Blend power

 Output power (watts)  Load impedance (ohms)

Technical Specifications

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-25

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

100

150

200

250

03570105140175

300 ohms

325

650

975

1300

0 35 70 105 140 175

Open Circuit

Output power versus power setting for Blend power

 Output power (watts)  Power setting

Peak voltage versus power setting for Blend power

 Peak voltage  Power setting

4-26 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Fulgurate

100

125

0 750 1500 2250 3000 3750 4500

100%

50%

100

120

020406080100120

500 ohms

Output power versus impedance for Fulgurate power

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

 Output power (watts)  Load impedance (ohms)

Output power versus power setting for Fulgurate power

 Output power (watts)  Power setting

Technical Specifications

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-27

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

500

1000

0 20406080100120

Open Circuit

100

125

0 750 1500 2250 3000 3750 4500

100%

50%

Peak voltage versus power setting for Fulgurate power

 Peak voltage  Power setting

Spray

Output power versus impedance for Spray power

 Output power (watts)  Load impedance (ohms)

4-28 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Output power versus power setting for Spray power

100

125

0 20406080100120

500 ohms

750

1500

2250

3000

3750

0 20406080100120

Open Circuit

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

 Output power (watts)  Power setting

Peak voltage versus power setting for Spray power

 Peak voltage  Power setting

Technical Specifications

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-29

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

100

150

200

250

0 750 1500 2250 3000 3750 4500

100%

50%

100

150

200

250

03570105140175

300 ohms

Valleylab

Output power versus impedance for Valleylab power

 Output power (watts)  Load impedance (ohms)

Output power versus power setting for Valleylab power

 Output power (watts)  Power setting

4-30 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Peak voltage versus power setting for Valleylab power

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0 35 70 105 140 175

Open Circuit

 Peak voltage  Power setting

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-31

Technical Specifications

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

0 360 720 1080 1440 1800

100%

50%

0 1836547290

100 ohms

Bipolar Graphs

Bipolar Low

Output power versus impedance for Bipolar Low power

 Output power (watts)  Load impedance (ohms)

Output power versus power setting for Bipolar Low power

 Output power (watts)  Power setting

4-32 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Peak voltage versus power setting for Bipolar Low power

100

150

200

250

0 1836547290

Open Circuit

0 375 750 1125 1500 1875

100%

50%

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

 Peak voltage  Power setting

Bipolar Standard

Output power versus impedance for Bipolar Standard power

 Output power (watts)

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-33

 Load impedance (ohms)

Technical Specifications

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

0 1836547290

100 ohms

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 1836547290

Open Circuit

Output power versus power setting for Bipolar Standard power

Peak voltage versus power setting for Bipolar Standard power

 Output power (watts)  Power setting

 Peak voltage  Power setting

Note: Maximum peak voltage in the Bipolar Standard mode occurs at 500 Ω, not open circuit.

4-34 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

Bipolar Macro

0 375 750 1125 1500 1875

100%

50%

0 1836547290

100 ohms

Output power versus impedance for Bipolar Macro power

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

 Output power (watts)  Load impedance (ohms)

Output power versus power setting for Bipolar Macro power

 Output power (watts)  Power setting

Technical Specifications

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-35

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

100

150

200

250

0 1836547290

500 ohms

Peak voltage versus power setting for Bipolar Macro power

 Peak voltage  Power setting

4-36 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

LigaSure

105

140

175

0 95 190 285 380 475

3.5A

5.5A

1.0A

120

160

200

0 95 190 285 380 475

3.5A

5.5A

1.0A

Output power versus impedance for LigaSure power

Output Power vs. Resistance Graphs

 Output power (watts)  Load impedance (ohms)

Peak voltage versus impedance for LigaSure power

 Peak voltage  Load impedance (ohms)

Technical Specifications

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 4-37

Chapter 5

System Setup

This chapter describes how to set up the ForceTriad energy platform, turn it on, and configure system settings.

Caution

Read all warnings, cautions, and instructions provided with this system before use.

Read the instructions, warnings, and cautions provided with electrosurgical instruments before use. Specific instructions for electrosurgical instruments are not included in this manual.

ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual 5-1

Setup

Before Startup

1. Verify the system is off by pressing the power switch off (O).

2. Place the system on a flat, stable surface such as a table, platform, boom system, or

ForceTriad cart. Refer to the procedures for your local institution or your local codes.

3. Plug the system power cord into the rear panel receptacle.

4. Plug the system power cord into a grounded power receptacle.

Note: Do not plug into a power strip or extension cord.

Powering Up the ForceTriad Energy Platform

1. Turn on the system by pressing the power switch on (|). Observe the following during

the power-up self-test:

– The Covidien logo appears on all three screens.

– A blue status bar indicates activity.

– An hourglass icon indicates activity after the status bar disappears.

– The system revision code appears on the center screen.

– A tone sounds upon completion of self-test.

2. If the system does not pass the power-up self-test and an error code is displayed, refer

to Chapter 7, Troubleshooting.

5-2 ForceTriad Energy Platform Service Manual

System Functions

Adjusting Display Brightness

The system screens have two levels of brightness. Touch the brightness icon on the right side of the right touchscreen to adjust the display brightness.

The high and low brightness settings can be changed in Brightness Calibration as

explained on page 6-7.

Activation Log

The Activation Log allows the user to view the last 1000 activations and REM alerts.

1. Touch the wrench icon on the right side of the right touchscreen. The Main menu

display appears in the left touchscreen.

System Functions

System Setup

2. To uc h Activation Log on the Main menu. The activation log appears on the center

touchscreen.

3. Touch the single up or down arrow to the right of the activation log to scroll through

the log one line at a time.

4. Touch the green arrow button on the bottom-right corner of the Main menu to return

to the previous setup configuration. The previous settings are displayed.

Service Display

Refer to Chapter 9, Maintenance and Repair for complete service instructions.

Restore

Select the Restore button on the Main menu to restore the system to the previous setup configuration. The touchscreens display the last settings entered prior to shutting down the system.

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System Functions

Setup

The Setup menu allows the user to change the language displayed on the touchscreens, set the time and date, and access the Features menu.

Language Setup

1. Touch the wrench icon on the right side of the right touchscreen. The Main menu

display appears in the left touchscreen.

2. To uc h Setup on the Main menu. The Setup display appears in the left touchscreen.

3. To uc h Language on the Setup menu. A list of languages appears in the left

touchscreen.

4. Touch the single up or down arrow to the right of the list to scroll through the list one

line at a time.

Touch the double up or down arrows to scroll through the list one page at a time.

5. Touch the desired language. A confirmation box appears with a request to confirm

that a language change is desired.

6. To proceed with the language change, touch the green check-mark button. The

language is activated, and the confirmation box closes.

To reject the language change, touch the red X button. The language setting returns to the previously selected language.

7. Touch the green arrow button to return to the Setup menu.

8. Touch the green arrow button below the Setup menu to return to the Main menu.

Time and Date Setup

1. Touch the wrench icon on the right side of the right touchscreen. The Main menu

display appears in the left touchscreen.

2. To uc h Setup on the Main menu. The Setup display appears in the left touchscreen.

3. Tou c h th e Time and Date button in the Setup menu. The time and date display

appears in the left touchscreen.

4. Touch the desired numeric field (minutes, seconds, month, day, or year) to select that

field.

5. Touch the up or down arrows next to the time or date row to adjust the selected

numeric field.

Touch and hold the arrows to increase the number once a second. After four seconds, the numbers increase once every 100 milliseconds.

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6. Touch the green check mark button to store the date and time information, and

return to the Setup menu.

Touch the red X button to return the time and date to the previous settings, and return to the Setup menu.

7. Touch the green arrow button below the Setup menu to return to the Main menu.

Features Menu

The Features menu displays software features and applications that can be enabled or disabled at the system level.

• Autobipolar—Configures automatic activation and cessation of energy from the Auto tab.

• Mono 1 Footswitching —Enables footswitching control of both handswitching and footswitching devices attached to the Monopolar 1 receptacle.

System Functions

System Setup

• Other features or applications—Other features and applications may be on this menu based on special configurations or purchased applications.

The default software settings for autobipolar mode and monopolar 1 footswitching are enabled or disabled at the system level from the Features menu. Once enabled, the feature is available on the affected screen and can be turned on and off.

Autobipolar and monopolar settings selected on the Features menu determine the options available from the Bipolar and Monopolar touch screens. The settings can be turned on and off locally from buttons available on the affected screens.

Autobipolar

Autobipolar mode on the Features menu enables and disables autobipolar function at the system level, controlling whether autobipolar function is available on the Bipolar tab of the center screen.

Enable/Disable Autobipolar at the system level:

1. Touch the wrench icon on the right side of the right touchscreen. The Main menu

display appears in the left touchscreen.

2. To uc h Setup on the Main menu. The Setup display appears in the left touchscreen.

3. To uc h Features in the Setup menu. Available options appear in the left touchscreen.

The factory default for all features is disabled.

4. To enable, touch AutoBipolar. A check appears in the accompanying box.

To disable, touch AutoBipolar. The check is cleared from the box.

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System Functions

Low

Standard

Macro

Bipolar

Std Mono

Valleylab

Bipolar

1. Bipolar Tab (This label changes to Auto if autobipolar mode

is turned on)

2. Autobipolar Mode Button (shows Autobipolar mode is

enabled but not turned on)

5. Touch the green arrow buttons below the Features menu and Setup menu to return

to the Main menu.

When the AutoBipolar option is enabled, a green button is added to the Bipolar tab in the center screen.

Turning Autobipolar Mode On and Off:

Autobipolar mode can be turned on and off on the Bipolar tab if it is enabled from the Features menu.

Note: If enabled on the Features menu, the default setting for autobipolar mode is off.

To turn autobipolar mode on, touch the button on the Bipolar screen. The Bipolar tab changes to Auto, presenting the options and settings for autobipolar mode. For

more information see the ForceTriad Energy Platform User’s Guide.

To turn autobipolar mode off, touch the green Bipolar button on the Auto tab. The Auto tab changes to Bipolar.

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Mono 1 Footswitching

The Monopolar 1 footswitching option on the Features menu enables and disables footswitching on the Monopolar 1 Std Mono and Valleylab tabs. The Accessories Port tab (Acc. Port) is not affected. If footswitching is enabled on the Features menu, it can then be turned on and off on the Std Mono and Valleylab tabs.

Enabling and Disabling Monopolar 1 Footswitching on the Features menu:

1. Touch the wrench icon on the right side of the right touchscreen. The Main menu

display appears in the left touchscreen.

2. To uc h Setup on the Main menu. The Setup display appears in the left touchscreen

3. To uc h Features in the Setup menu. Available options appear in the left touchscreen.

The default setting for all features is disabled.

4. To enable the feature, touch Mono 1 . A check appears in the accompanying box.

System Functions

System Setup

To disable, touch Mono 1 . The check is cleared from the box.

5. Touch the green arrow buttons below the Features menu and Setup menu to return

to the Main menu.

When Monopolar 1 footswitching is enabled on the Features menu, the footswitching button with an X appears on the Std Mono and Valleylab tabs in the left screen.

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System Functions

Turning Monopolar 1 Footswitching On and Off:

Monopolar 1 footswitching can be turned on and off on the Std Mono and Valleylab tabs as needed if it is enabled on the Features menu.

Note: If enabled on the Features menu, the default setting for Monopolar 1 footswitching is off, as indicated by the red X over the button.

To turn Monopolar 1 footswitching on, touch the footswitch button with the X on the Std Mono or Valleylab tab on the left touchscreen. The red X is removed from the button when turned on.

To turn Monopolar 1 footswitching off, touch the footswitch button on the Std Mono or Valleylab tabs on the left touchscreen. The red X appears on the button when turned off.

Note: If Monopolar 1 footswitch has not been enabled, the following touchscreen appears. Enable Monopolar 1 footswitching by touching the button with the green check mark.

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Demo Mode

Warning

Demo mode is intended for demonstration purposes only. Demo mode is not intended for clinical use.

Touch the wrench icon on the right side of the right touchscreen. The Main menu display appears in the left touchscreen.

Enable Demo Mode

1. On the Main menu, the Demo mode button displays ‘Enter Demo’ if the system is not

in Demo mode. Touch the Enter Demo mode button to begin Demo mode. The system operating displays appear in all the touchscreens with the words ‘DEMO MODE: Not for Clinical Use’ on all three screens.

System Functions

System Setup

Note: Touching the Demo mode screen removes it briefly from all touchscreens.

2. Proceed with practice or demonstration scenarios. While in Demo mode, the REM

alarm and the dual instrument error alarm are deactivated but RF power is still delivered.

Note: In Demo mode the system does not sense instrument type, so the appropriate tab must be selected manually for the connected instrument.

3. To exit Demo mode, either turn the system off and restart it, or follow the steps in the

Exit Demo Mode section that follows.

Exit Demo Mode

1. Touch the wrench icon on the right side of the right touchscreen. The Main menu

appears in the left touchscreen.

2. On the Main menu, the Demo mode button displays ‘Exit Demo’ if the system is in

Demo mode. Touch the Exit Demo button on the Main menu to exit the Demo mode. The system touchscreens display the last settings entered during the Demo mode.

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Covidien ForceTriad Service manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual