Cisco 15310-MA, 15310-CL User Manual

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Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide

Cisco IOS Release 12.2(28)SV CTC and Documentation Release 8.5 June 2009

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Text Part Number: 78-18133-01

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Modifying the equipment without Cisco’s written authorization may result in the equipment no longer complying with FCC requirements for Class A or Class B digital devices. In that event, your right to use the equipment may be limited by FCC regulations, and you may be required to correct any interference to radio or television communications at your own expense.

You can determine whether your equipment is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the Cisco equipment or one of its peripheral devices. If the equipment causes interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

• Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.

• Move the equipment to one side or the other of the television or radio.

• Move the equipment farther away from the television or radio.

• Plug the equipment into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain the equipment and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

Modifications to this product not authorized by Cisco Systems, Inc. could void the FCC approval and negate your authority to operate the product.

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Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide, Release 8.5

Preface i

Revision History i

Document Objectives ii

Audience ii

Preface

Note The terms "Unidirectional Path Switched Ring" and "UPSR" may appear in Cisco literature. These terms

do not refer to using Cisco ONS 15xxx products in a unidirectional path switched ring configuration. Rather, these terms, as well as "Path Protected Mesh Network" and "PPMN," refer generally to Cisco's path protection feature, which may be used in any topological network configuration. Cisco does not recommend using its path protection feature in any particular topological network configuration.

This section provides the following information:

• Document Objectives, page ii

• Audience, page ii

• Related Documentation, page ii

• Document Conventions, page iii

• Obtaining Optical Networking Information, page ix

• Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security Guidelines, page ix

Revision History

Date Notes

July 2008 Modified a statement in the “Flow Control Pause and QoS” section of Chapter 12,

September 2008 Updated the section “CE-100T-8 VCAT Characteristics” in Chapter 17,

December 2008 Added a new section “Load Balancing on the ML-Series Cards” in Chapter 9,

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Configuring Quality of Service.

CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation.

Configuring Link Aggregation on the ML-Series Cards”.

Preface

Date Notes

January 2009 Added the following sections in Chapter 11, Configuring Quality of Service on

the ML-Series Card:

• QoS not Configured on Egress

• ML-Series Egress Bandwidth Example

• Added a new bullet point in the “IP SLA Restrcitions on the ML-Series”

section.

• Added Tables 9-1 and 9-2 and updated Table 4 in the “Load Balancing on

ML-Series Cards” section of Chapter 9, Configuring Link Aggregation on the ML-Series Cards.

February 2009 Added a note in the “Ring Wrapping” section of Chapter 15, Configuring

Resilient Packet Ring on the ML-Series Card.

June 2009 Updated the sections “RMON” and “SNMP” in Chapter 1, Overview of the

ML-Series Cards.

Document Objectives

This guide covers the software features and operations of the ML-100T-8 and the CE-100T-8 Ethernet cards for the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA. It explains software features and configuration for Cisco IOS on the ML-Series card. It also explains software feature and configuration for Cisco Transport Controller (CTC) on the CE-100T-8 card. The CE-100T-8 card is also available as a card for the Cisco ONS 15454 and Cisco ONS 15454 SDH. This version of the card is described in the Cisco ONS 15454 and Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide. Use this guide in conjunction with the appropriate publications listed in the Related Documentation section.

Audience

To use the ML-Series card chapters of this publication, you should be familiar with Cisco IOS and preferably have technical networking background and experience. To use the CE-100T-8 card chapter of this publication, you should be familiar with CTC and preferably have technical networking background and experience.

Document Conventions

This publication uses the following conventions:

Convention Application

boldface Commands and keywords in body text.

italic Command input that is supplied by the user.

[ ] Keywords or arguments that appear within square brackets are optional.

{ x | x | x } A choice of keywords (represented by x) appears in braces separated by

vertical bars. The user must select one.

Ctrl The control key. For example, where Ctrl + D is written, hold down the

Control key while pressing the D key.

screen font

boldface screen font

Examples of information displayed on the screen.

Examples of information that the user must enter.

< > Command parameters that must be replaced by module-specific codes.

Note Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to material not covered in the

document.

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Caution Means reader be careful. In this situation, the user might do something that could result in equipment

damage or loss of data.

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Preface

Warning

Waarschuwing

Varoitus

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

This warning symbol means danger. You are in a situation that could cause bodily injury. Before you work on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing accidents. Use the statement number provided at the end of each warning to locate its translation in the translated safety warnings that accompanied this device.

Statement 1071

SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS

BELANGRIJKE VEILIGHEIDSINSTRUCTIES

Dit waarschuwingssymbool betekent gevaar. U verkeert in een situatie die lichamelijk letsel kan veroorzaken. Voordat u aan enige apparatuur gaat werken, dient u zich bewust te zijn van de bij elektrische schakelingen betrokken risico's en dient u op de hoogte te zijn van de standaard praktijken om ongelukken te voorkomen. Gebruik het nummer van de verklaring onderaan de waarschuwing als u een vertaling van de waarschuwing die bij het apparaat wordt geleverd, wilt raadplegen.

BEWAAR DEZE INSTRUCTIES

TÄRKEITÄ TURVALLISUUSOHJEITA

Tämä varoitusmerkki merkitsee vaaraa. Tilanne voi aiheuttaa ruumiillisia vammoja. Ennen kuin käsittelet laitteistoa, huomioi sähköpiirien käsittelemiseen liittyvät riskit ja tutustu onnettomuuksien yleisiin ehkäisytapoihin. Turvallisuusvaroitusten käännökset löytyvät laitteen mukana toimitettujen käännettyjen turvallisuusvaroitusten joukosta varoitusten lopussa näkyvien lausuntonumeroiden avulla.

Attention

Warnung

SÄILYTÄ NÄMÄ OHJEET

IMPORTANTES INFORMATIONS DE SÉCURITÉ

Ce symbole d'avertissement indique un danger. Vous vous trouvez dans une situation pouvant entraîner des blessures ou des dommages corporels. Avant de travailler sur un équipement, soyez conscient des dangers liés aux circuits électriques et familiarisez-vous avec les procédures couramment utilisées pour éviter les accidents. Pour prendre connaissance des traductions des avertissements figurant dans les consignes de sécurité traduites qui accompagnent cet appareil, référez-vous au numéro de l'instruction situé à la fin de chaque avertissement.

CONSERVEZ CES INFORMATIONS

WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSHINWEISE

Dieses Warnsymbol bedeutet Gefahr. Sie befinden sich in einer Situation, die zu Verletzungen führen kann. Machen Sie sich vor der Arbeit mit Geräten mit den Gefahren elektrischer Schaltungen und den üblichen Verfahren zur Vorbeugung vor Unfällen vertraut. Suchen Sie mit der am Ende jeder Warnung angegebenen Anweisungsnummer nach der jeweiligen Übersetzung in den übersetzten Sicherheitshinweisen, die zusammen mit diesem Gerät ausgeliefert wurden.

BEWAHREN SIE DIESE HINWEISE GUT AUF.

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Preface

Avvertenza

Advarsel

Aviso

IMPORTANTI ISTRUZIONI SULLA SICUREZZA

Questo simbolo di avvertenza indica un pericolo. La situazione potrebbe causare infortuni alle persone. Prima di intervenire su qualsiasi apparecchiatura, occorre essere al corrente dei pericoli relativi ai circuiti elettrici e conoscere le procedure standard per la prevenzione di incidenti. Utilizzare il numero di istruzione presente alla fine di ciascuna avvertenza per individuare le traduzioni delle avvertenze riportate in questo documento.

CONSERVARE QUESTE ISTRUZIONI

VIKTIGE SIKKERHETSINSTRUKSJONER

Dette advarselssymbolet betyr fare. Du er i en situasjon som kan føre til skade på person. Før du begynner å arbeide med noe av utstyret, må du være oppmerksom på farene forbundet med elektriske kretser, og kjenne til standardprosedyrer for å forhindre ulykker. Bruk nummeret i slutten av hver advarsel for å finne oversettelsen i de oversatte sikkerhetsadvarslene som fulgte med denne enheten.

TA VARE PÅ DISSE INSTRUKSJONENE

INSTRUÇÕES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURANÇA

Este símbolo de aviso significa perigo. Você está em uma situação que poderá ser causadora de lesões corporais. Antes de iniciar a utilização de qualquer equipamento, tenha conhecimento dos perigos envolvidos no manuseio de circuitos elétricos e familiarize-se com as práticas habituais de prevenção de acidentes. Utilize o número da instrução fornecido ao final de cada aviso para localizar sua tradução nos avisos de segurança traduzidos que acompanham este dispositivo.

¡Advertencia!

Varning!

GUARDE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES

INSTRUCCIONES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURIDAD

Este símbolo de aviso indica peligro. Existe riesgo para su integridad física. Antes de manipular cualquier equipo, considere los riesgos de la corriente eléctrica y familiarícese con los procedimientos estándar de prevención de accidentes. Al final de cada advertencia encontrará el número que le ayudará a encontrar el texto traducido en el apartado de traducciones que acompaña a este dispositivo.

GUARDE ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES

VIKTIGA SÄKERHETSANVISNINGAR

Denna varningssignal signalerar fara. Du befinner dig i en situation som kan leda till personskada. Innan du utför arbete på någon utrustning måste du vara medveten om farorna med elkretsar och känna till vanliga förfaranden för att förebygga olyckor. Använd det nummer som finns i slutet av varje varning för att hitta dess översättning i de översatta säkerhetsvarningar som medföljer denna anordning.

SPARA DESSA ANVISNINGAR

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Preface

Aviso

Advarsel

INSTRUÇÕES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURANÇA

Este símbolo de aviso significa perigo. Você se encontra em uma situação em que há risco de lesões corporais. Antes de trabalhar com qualquer equipamento, esteja ciente dos riscos que envolvem os circuitos elétricos e familiarize-se com as práticas padrão de prevenção de acidentes. Use o número da declaração fornecido ao final de cada aviso para localizar sua tradução nos avisos de segurança traduzidos que acompanham o dispositivo.

GUARDE ESTAS INSTRUÇÕES

VIGTIGE SIKKERHEDSANVISNINGER

Dette advarselssymbol betyder fare. Du befinder dig i en situation med risiko for legemesbeskadigelse. Før du begynder arbejde på udstyr, skal du være opmærksom på de involverede risici, der er ved elektriske kredsløb, og du skal sætte dig ind i standardprocedurer til undgåelse af ulykker. Brug erklæringsnummeret efter hver advarsel for at finde oversættelsen i de oversatte advarsler, der fulgte med denne enhed.

GEM DISSE ANVISNINGER

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Preface

Obtaining Optical Networking Information

This section contains information that is specific to optical networking products. For information that pertains to all of Cisco, refer to the Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security

Guidelines section.

Where to Find Safety and Warning Information

For safety and warning information, refer to the Cisco Optical Transport Products Safety and Compliance Information document that accompanied the product. This publication describes the

international agency compliance and safety information for the Cisco ONS 15454 system. It also includes translations of the safety warnings that appear in the ONS 15454 system documentation.

Cisco Optical Networking Product Documentation CD-ROM

Optical networking-related documentation, including Cisco ONS 15xxx product documentation, is available in a CD-ROM package that ships with your product. The Optical Networking Product Documentation CD-ROM is updated periodically and may be more current than printed documentation.

Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security Guidelines

For information on obtaining documentation, obtaining support, providing documentation feedback, security guidelines, and also recommended aliases and general Cisco documents, see the monthly What’s New in Cisco Product Documentation, which also lists all new and revised Cisco technical documentation, at:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.html

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Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide R8.5

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CHA PTER

Overview of the ML-Series Card

This chapter provides an overview of the ML-100T-8 card for Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA. It lists Ethernet and SONET capabilities and Cisco IOS and Cisco Transport Controller (CTC) software features, with brief descriptions of selected features.

The CE-100T-8 card for the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA is covered in

Chapter 17, “CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation.” For Ethernet card specifications, refer to the

Cisco ONS 15454 Reference Manual. For step-by-step Ethernet card circuit configuration, hard-reset, and soft-reset procedures, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide. Refer to the Cisco ONS SONET TL1 Command Guide for TL1 provisioning commands. For specific details on ONS 15310-CL Ethernet card interoperability with other ONS platforms, refer to the “POS on ONS Ethernet Cards” chapter of the Cisco ONS 15454 and Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide.

This chapter contains the following major sections:

• ML-Series Card Description, page 1-1

• ML-Series Feature List, page 1-2

• Key ML-Series Features, page 1-4

ML-Series Card Description

The ML-Series card is a module in the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA. It is an independent Fast Ethernet switch with eight RJ-45 interfaces. The ML-Series card uses Cisco IOS Release 12.2(28)SV, and the Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI) is the primary user interface for the ML-Series card. Most configuration for the card, such as Ethernet and packet-over-SONET (POS) port provisioning, bridging, VLAN, and Quality of Service (QoS), can be done only with the Cisco IOS CLI.

However, CTC—the ONS 15310-CL graphical user interface (GUI)—and Transaction Language One (TL1) also support the ML-Series card. SONET circuits must be configured through CTC or TL1 and cannot be provisioned through Cisco IOS. CTC also offers ML-Series card status information, SONET alarm management, Cisco IOS Telnet session initialization, provisioning, inventory, and other standard functions.

The ML-Series card features two virtual ports, which function in a manner similar to OC-N card ports. The SONET circuits are provisioned through CTC in the same manner as standard OC-N circuits.

For detailed card specifications, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Reference Manual.

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1-1

ML-Series Feature List

The ML-100T-8 has the following features:

• Layer 1 data features:

–

10/100BASE-TX half-duplex and full-duplex data transmission

–

IEEE 802.3x compliant flow control

• SONET features:

–

High-level data link control (HDLC) or frame-mapped generic framing procedure (GFP-F) framing mechanisms for POS

–

GFP-F supports LEX (default), Cisco HDLC, and Point-to-Point Protocol/Bridging Control Protocol (PPP/BCP) encapsulation for POS

–

HDLC framing supports LEX encapsulation only

–

Two POS virtual ports

–

Virtual concatenated (VCAT) circuits with Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) or without LCAS

Chapter 1 Overview of the ML-Series Card

–

ONS 15310 ML-Series LCAS is compatible with ONS 15454 ML-Series SW-LCAS

• Layer 2 bridging features:

–

Transparent bridging

–

MAC address learning, aging, and switching by hardware

–

Protocol tunneling

–

Multiple Spanning Tree (MST) protocol tunneling

–

255 active bridge group maximum

–

8,000 MAC address maximum per card

–

Integrated routing and bridging (IRB)

–

IEEE 802.1P/Q-based VLAN trunking

–

IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tunneling

–

IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and IEEE 802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

–

IEEE 802.1D STP instance per bridge group

–

Resilient packet ring (RPR)

–

VLAN-transparent and VLAN-specific services (Ethernet Relay Multipoint Service [ERMS])

• Fast EtherChannel (FEC) features:

–

Bundling of up to four Fast Ethernet ports

1-2

–

Load sharing based on source and destination IP addresses of unicast packets

–

Load sharing for bridge traffic based on MAC addresses

–

IRB

–

IEEE 802.1Q trunking

–

Up to 4 active FEC port channels

• POS channel:

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Chapter 1 Overview of the ML-Series Card

–

Bundling the two POS ports

–

LEX encapsulation only

–

IRB

–

IEEE 802.1Q trunking

• Layer 3 static routing:

–

Default routes

–

IP unicast and multicast forwarding

–

Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) multicast (not RPF unicast)

–

Load balancing among equal cost paths based on source and destination IP addresses

–

Up to 350 IP routes per card

–

Up to 350 IP hosts per card

–

IRB routing mode support

• QoS features:

–

Multicast priority queuing classes

ML-Series Feature List

–

Service level agreements (SLAs) with 1-Mbps granularity

–

Input policing

–

Guaranteed bandwidth (weighted round-robin [WDRR] plus strict priority scheduling)

–

Low latency queuing support for unicast voice over IP (VoIP)

–

Class of service (CoS) based on Layer 2 priority, VLAN ID, Layer 3 Type of Service/DiffServ Code Point

–

CoS-based packet statistics

–

Up to 350 QoS entries per card

–

Up to 350 policers per card

–

IP SLA network monitoring using Cisco IP SLA (formerly Cisco Service Assurance Agent)

• Security features

–

Cisco IOS login enhancements

–

Secure Shell connection (SSH Version 2)

–

Disabled console port

–

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting/Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

(TOS/DSCP), and port

(AAA/RADIUS) stand alone mode

–

AAA/RADIUS relay mode

• Additional protocols:

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–

Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) support on Ethernet ports

–

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) relay

–

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) over 10/100 Ethernet, FEC and Bridge Group Virtual Interface (BVI)

–

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

• Management features:

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Key ML-Series Features

–

Cisco IOS Release 12.2(28)SV

–

CTC

–

Remote monitoring (RMON)

–

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

–

TL1

• System features:

–

Network Equipment Building Systems 3 (NEBS3) compliant

• CTC features:

–

Standard synchronous transport signal (STS) and VCAT circuit provisioning for POS virtual ports

–

SONET alarm reporting for path alarms and other ML-Series card specific alarms

–

Raw port statistics

–

Standard inventory and card management functions

–

J1 path trace

–

Cisco IOS CLI Telnet sessions from CTC

Chapter 1 Overview of the ML-Series Card

–

Cisco IOS startup configuration file management from CTC

Key ML-Series Features

This section describes selected key features and their implementation on the ML-Series cards.

Cisco IOS

Cisco IOS controls the data functions of the ML-Series cards. Users cannot update the ML-Series Cisco IOS image in the same manner as the Cisco IOS system image on a Cisco Catalyst Series. An ML-Series Cisco IOS image upgrade is available only as part of the Cisco ONS 15310-CL or the Cisco ONS 15310-MA software release and accomplished only through CTC or TL1. The image is not available for download or shipped separately.

GFP-F Framing

GFP defines a standard-based mapping of different types of services onto SONET/SDH. The ML-Series and CE-Series support frame-mapped GFP (GFP-F), which is the protocol data unit (PDU)-oriented client signal adaptation mode for GFP. GFP-F maps one variable length data packet onto one GFP packet.

GFP is composed of common functions and payload specific functions. Common functions are those shared by all payloads. Payload-specific functions are different depending on the payload type. GFP is detailed in the ITU recommendation G.7041.

1-4

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Chapter 1 Overview of the ML-Series Card

Link Aggregation (FEC and POS)

The ML-Series offers Fast EtherChannel and POS channel link aggregation. Link aggregation groups multiple ports into a larger logical port and provides resiliency during the failure of any individual ports. The ML-Series supports a maximum of four Ethernet ports in Fast EtherChannel, and two SONET virtual ports in POS channel. POS channel is only supported with LEX encapsulation.

Traffic flows map to individual ports based on MAC source address (SA)/destination address (DA) for bridged packets and IP SA/DA for routed packets. There is no support for policing or class-based packet priorities when link aggregation is configured.

RMON

The ML-Series card features RMON that allows network operators to monitor the health of the network with an NMS. ONG RMON is recommended for the ML-100T-8. The ONG RMON contains the statistics, history, alarms, and events MIB groups from the standard RMON MIB. The standard Cisco IOS RMON is also available. A user can access RMON threshold provisioning through TL1 or CTC. For more information on RMON, refer to the “SNMP Remote Monitoring” section in “SNMP” chapter of the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Reference Manual.

Key ML-Series Features

RPR

SNMP

RPR is an emerging network architecture designed for metro fiber ring networks. This new MAC protocol is designed to overcome the limitations of STP, RSTP, and SONET in packet-based networks. RPR convergence times are comparable to SONET and much faster than STP or RSTP. RPR operates at the Layer 2 level and is compatible with Ethernet and protected or unprotected SONET circuits.

The Cisco ONS 15310-CL, the Cisco ONS 15310-MA, and the ML-Series cards have SNMP agents and support SNMP Version 1 (SNMPv1) and SNMP Version 2c (SNMPv2c) sets and traps. The Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA accept, validate, and forward get/getNext/set requests to the ML-Series through a proxy agent. Responses from the ML-Series are relayed by the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA to the requesting SNMP agents.

The ML-Series card SNMP support includes:

• STP traps from Bridge-MIB (RFC 1493)

• Authentication traps from RFC 1157

• Export of QoS statistics through the CISCO-PORT-QOS-MIB extension

For more information on how the ONS 15310-CL implements SNMP, refer to the “SNMP” chapter of the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA Reference Manual. For more information on specific MIBs, refer to the Cisco SNMP Object Navigator at http://www.cisco.com.

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Key ML-Series Features

TL1

Chapter 1 Overview of the ML-Series Card

TL1 on the ML-Series cards can be used for card inventory, fault and alarm management, card provisioning, and retrieval of status information for both data and SONET ports. TL1 can also be used to provision SONET STS circuits and transfer a Cisco IOS startup configuration file to the card memory. For specific TL1 commands and general TL1 information, refer to the Cisco ONS SONET TL1 Command Guide.

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CHA PTER

CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card

This chapter covers Cisco Transport Controller (CTC) operation of the ML-Series card. All operations described in the chapter take place at the card-level view of CTC. CTC shows provisioning information and statistics for both the Ethernet and packet-over-SONET (POS) ports of the ML-Series card. For the ML-Series cards, CTC manages SONET alarms and provisions STS circuits in the same manner as other Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA SONET traffic.

Use CTC to load a Cisco IOS configuration file or to open a Cisco IOS command-line interface (CLI) session. See Chapter 3, “Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card.”

This chapter contains the following major sections:

• Displaying ML-Series POS Statistics in CTC, page 2-1

• Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC, page 2-2

• Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Ports Provisioning Information on CTC, page 2-2

• Displaying ML-Series POS Ports Provisioning Information on CTC, page 2-3

• Displaying SONET Alarms, page 2-4

• Displaying J1 Path Trace, page 2-4

• Provisioning SONET Circuits, page 2-4

Displaying ML-Series POS Statistics in CTC

The POS statistics window lists POS port-level statistics. Display the CTC card view for the ML-Series card and click the Performance > POS Ports tabs to display the window.

Table 2-1 describes the buttons in the POS Ports window.

Table 2-1 ML-Series POS Statistics Fields and Buttons

Button Description

Refresh

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Manually refreshes the statistics.

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Chapter 2 CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card

Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC

Table 2-1 ML-Series POS Statistics Fields and Buttons

Button Description

Baseline

Auto-Refresh

Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide for definitions of the SONET POS parameters. CTC displays a different set of parameters for high-level data link control (HDLC) and frame-mapped generic framing procedure (GFP-F) framing modes.

Resets the software counters (in that particular CTC client only) temporarily to zero without affecting the actual statistics on the card. From that point on, only counters displaying the change from the temporary baseline are displayed by this CTC client. These new baselined counters are shown only as long as the user displays the Performance window. If the user navigates to another CTC window and comes back to the Performance window, the true actual statistics retained by the card are shown.

Sets a time interval for the automatic refresh of statistics.

Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC

The Ethernet statistics window lists Ethernet port-level statistics. It is similar in appearance to the POS statistics window with different statistic parameters. The ML-Series Ethernet ports are zero based. Display the CTC card view for the ML-Series card and click the Performance > Ether Ports tabs to display the window. Table 2-2 describes the buttons in the EtherPorts window.

Table 2-2 ML-Series Ethernet Statistics Fields and Buttons

Button Description

Refresh Baseline

Auto-Refresh

Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide for definitions of the Ethernet parameters. CTC displays a different set of parameters for HDLC and GFP-F framing modes.

Queries the current values from the card and updates the CTC display.

Resets the software counters (in that particular CTC client only) temporarily to zero without affecting the actual statistics on the card. From that point on, only counters displaying the change from the temporary baseline are displayed by this CTC client. These new baselined counters appear as long as the user displays the Performance window. If the user navigates to another CTC window and comes back to the Performance window, the true actual statistics retained by the card are shown.

Sets a time interval for the automatic refresh of statistics.

Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Ports Provisioning Information on CTC

2-2

The Ethernet port provisioning window displays the provisioning status of the Ethernet ports. Click the Provisioning > Ether Ports tabs to display this window. For ML-Series cards, the user must configure ML-Series Ethernet ports and POS ports using the Cisco IOS CLI.

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Chapter 2 CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card

The following fields can be provisioned using CTC: Port Name, Pre-Service Alarm Suppression (PSAS), and Soak Time. Click the Port Name field to assign a name to the port. For more information on provisioning these fields, refer to the “Change Card Settings” chapter in the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide.

Note The port name can also be configured in Cisco IOS. The port name field configured in CTC and the port

name configured in Cisco IOS are independent of each other, and will not match unless the same name is used to configure the port name in both CTC and Cisco IOS.

The Provisioning > Ether Ports tab displays the following information:

• Port #—The fixed number identifier for the specific port.

• Port Name—Configurable 12-character alphanumeric identifier for the port.

• Admin State—Configured port state, which is administratively active or inactive. Possible values are

UP and DOWN.

• PSAS—A check indicates alarm suppression is set on the port for the time designated in the Soak

Time column.

• Soak Time—Desired soak time in hours and minutes. Use this column when you have checked PSAS

to suppress alarms. Once the port detects a signal, the countdown begins for the designated soak time. Soak time hours can be set from 0 to 48. Soak time minutes can be set from 0 to 45 in 15 minute increments.

Displaying ML-Series POS Ports Provisioning Information on CTC

• Link State—Status between signaling points at port and attached device. Possible values are UP and

DOWN.

• Operating Speed—ML-100T-8 possible values are Auto, 10Mbps, or 100Mbps.

• Operating Duplex—Setting of the port. ML-100T-8 possible values are Auto, Full, or Half.

• Flow Control—Negotiated flow control mode. ML-100T-8 possible values are None or

Symmetrical.

Note Auto indicates the port is set to autonegotiate capabilities with the attached link partner.

Displaying ML-Series POS Ports Provisioning Information on CTC

The POS ports provisioning window displays the provisioning status of the card’s POS ports. Click the Provisioning > POS Ports tabs to display this window. For ML-Series cards, the user must configure ML-Series Ethernet ports and POS ports using the Cisco IOS CLI.

The following fields can be provisioned using CTC: Port Name, PSAS, and Soak Time. Click in the Port Name field to assign a name to the port. For more information on provisioning these fields, refer to the “Change Card Settings” chapter in the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide.

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Note The port name can also be configured in Cisco IOS. The port name field configured in CTC and the port

name configured in Cisco IOS are independent of each other and will not match unless the same name is used to configure the port name in both CTC and Cisco IOS.

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Displaying SONET Alarms

The Provisioning > POS Ports tab displays the following information:

• Port #—Fixed number identifier for the specific port.

• Port Name—Configurable 12-character alphanumeric identifier for the port.

• Admin State—Configured administrative port state, which is active or inactive. Possible values are

• PSAS—A check indicates alarm suppression is set on the port for the time designated in the Soak

• Soak Time—Desired soak time in hours and minutes. Use this column when you have checked PSAS

• MTU—The maximum transfer unit, which is the largest acceptable packet size for that port. This

• Link State—Status between signaling points at the port and an attached device. Possible values are

Chapter 2 CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card

UP and DOWN. For the UP value to appear, a POS port must be both administratively active and have a SONET/SDH circuit provisioned.

Time column.

value cannot be configured on the Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA ML-Series card.

UP and DOWN.

• Framing Type- HDLC or frame-mapped generic framing procedure (GFP-F) framing type shows the

POS framing mechanism being employed on the port

Displaying SONET Alarms

To view SONET alarms on the ML-Series card, click the Alarms tab.

CTC manages the ML-Series card SONET alarm behavior in the same manner as it manages alarm behavior for other Cisco ONS 15310-CL and the Cisco ONS 15310-MA SONET traffic. Click the Provisioning > Alarm Profiles tabs for the Ethernet and POS port alarm profile information. Refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide for detailed information.

Displaying J1 Path Trace

The J1 Path Trace is a repeated, fixed-length string comprised of 64 consecutive J1 bytes. You can use the string to monitor interruptions or changes to SONET circuit traffic. Click the Maintenance > Path Trace tabs for the J1 Path Trace information.

For information on J1 Path Trace, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide.

Provisioning SONET Circuits

2-4

CTC provisions and edits STS level circuits for the two POS ports of the ML-Series card in the same manner as it provisions other Cisco ONS 15310-CL and Cisco ONS 15310-MA SONET OC-N cards. The ONS 15310-CL ML-Series card supports both contiguous concatenation (CCAT) and virtual concatenation (VCAT) circuits. Refer to the “Create Circuits” chapter of the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide to create SONET STS circuits.

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Note The initial state of the ML-Series card POS port is inactive. A Cisco IOS POS interface command of no

shutdown is required to carry traffic on the SONET circuit.

Provisioning SONET Circuits

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Provisioning SONET Circuits

Chapter 2 CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card

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Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card

This chapter describes the initial configuration of the ML-Series card and contains the following major sections:

• Hardware Installation, page 3-1

• Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card, page 3-1

• Startup Configuration File, page 3-5

• Cisco IOS Command Modes, page 3-9

• Using the Command Modes, page 3-11

Hardware Installation

This section lists hardware installation tasks, including booting up the ML-Series card. Because the ONS 15310 card slots can be preprovisioned for an ML-Series line card, the following physical operations can be performed before or after the provisioning of the slot has taken place.

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1. Install the ML-Series card into the ONS 15310. For physical installation instructions, refer to the

Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide.

2. Connect the Ethernet cables to the ML-Series card.

3. Connect the console terminal to the ML-Series card (optional).

Note A NO-CONFIG condition is reported in CTC under the Alarms pane when an ML-Series card is inserted

and no valid Cisco IOS startup configuration file exists. Loading or creating this file clears the condition. See the “Startup Configuration File” section on page 3-5 for information on loading or creating the file.

Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card

The Cisco IOS software image used by the ML-Series card is not permanently stored on the ML-Series card but in the flash memory of the 15310-CL-CTX or CTX2500 card. During a hard reset, the Cisco IOS software image is downloaded from the flash memory of the 15310-CL-CTX or CTX2500 to the memory cache of the ML-Series card. The cached image is then decompressed and initialized for use by the ML-Series card.

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Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card

During a soft reset, which reloads or warm restarts the ML-Series card, the ML-Series card checks the cache for a Cisco IOS image. If a valid and current Cisco IOS image exists, the ML-Series card decompresses and initializes the image. If the image does not exist, the ML-Series requests a new copy of the Cisco IOS image from the 15310-CL-CTX or CTX2500. Caching the Cisco IOS image provides a significant time savings when a soft reset is performed.

To use CTC to reset the ML-Series card with a hard reset or soft reset, at the CTC card-level view or node-level view, right-click on the ML-Series card and click Hard-reset Card or Soft-reset Card. A hard reset also requires that the ML-Series card is in the out of service (OOS) state, which is set under the Inventory tab. Then click Yes at the confirmation dialog that appears. You can also initiate a hard reset by removing and reinserting the ML-Series card. You can initiate a soft reset through Cisco IOS with the privileged EXEC reboot command. For TL1 commands, refer to the Cisco ONS SONET TL1 Command Guide.

Caution A soft reset or a hard reset on the Cisco ONS 15310 ML-Series card is service-affecting.

There are four ways to access the ML-Series card Cisco IOS configuration. The two out-of-band options are opening a Cisco IOS session on CTC and telnetting to the node IP Address and 2001. The two-in-band signalling options are telnetting to a configured management interface and directly connecting to the console port.

Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card

Opening a Cisco IOS Session Using CTC

Users can initiate a Cisco IOS CLI session for the ML-Series card using CTC. Click the IOS tab at the card-level CTC view, then click the Open IOS Command Line Interface (CLI) button. A window opens and a standard Cisco IOS CLI User EXEC command mode prompt appears.

Note A Cisco IOS startup configuration file must be loaded and the ML-Series card must be installed and

initialized prior to opening a Cisco IOS CLI session on CTC. See the “Startup Configuration File”

section on page 3-5 for more information.

Telnetting to the Node IP Address and Slot Number

Users can telnet to the Cisco IOS CLI using the IP address and the port number (2000 plus the slot number).

Note A Cisco IOS startup configuration file must be loaded and the ML-Series card must be installed and

initialized prior to telnetting to the ML-Series card. See the “Startup Configuration File” section on

page 3-5 for more information.

Note If the ONS 15310 node is set up as a proxy server, where one ONS 15310 node in the ring acts as a

gateway network element (GNE) for the other nodes in the ring, telnetting over the GNE firewall to the IP address and slot number of a non-GNE or end network element (ENE) requires the user’s Telnet client to be SOCKS v5 aware (RFC 1928). Configure the Telnet client to recognize the GNE as the SOCKS v5 proxy for the Telnet session and to recognize the ENE as the host.

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Node IP address

Step 1 Obtain the node IP address from the IP Addr field shown at the CTC node view (Figure 3-1).

Figure 3-1 CTC Node View Showing IP Address

Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card

Step 2 If you are telnetting into an ONS 15310-CL with an ML-Series card, use the IP address and the port

number 2001 as the Telnet address in your preferred communication program. For example with the IP address of 10.92.18.124 on the ONS 15310-CL in the example, you would enter or telnet

. The slot number is always 1 for the ONS 15310-CL.

2001

Step 3 If you are telnetting into an ONS 15310-MA with an ML-Series card, use the IP address and the port

number (2000 plus the slot number) as the Telnet address in your preferred communication program. For example, with an IP address of 10.92.18.125 on an ONS 15310-CL with an ML-Series card in slot 5, you would enter or telnet to

Telnetting to a Management Port

Users can access the ML-Series through a standard Cisco IOS management port in the same manner as other Cisco IOS platforms. For further details about configuring ports and lines for management access, refer to the Cisco IOS Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide.

As a security measure, the vty lines used for Telnet access are not fully configured. In order to gain Telnet access to the ML-Series card, you must configure the vty lines via the serial console connection or preload a startup-configuration file that configures the vty lines. A port on the ML-Series must first be configured as the management port; see the “Configuring the Management Port” section on page 3-6 or the “Loading a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration File Through CTC” section on page 3-8.

10.92.18.124

10.92.18.125 2005. .

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Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card

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ML-Series IOS CLI Console Port

The ML-Series card has an RJ-11 serial console port on the card faceplate labeled Console. It enables communication from the serial port of a PC or workstation running terminal emulation software to the Cisco IOS CLI on a specific ML-Series card.

RJ-11 to RJ-45 Console Cable Adapter

Due to space limitations on the ML-Series card faceplate, the console port is an RJ-11 modular jack instead of the more common RJ-45 modular jack. Cisco supplies an RJ-11 to RJ-45 console cable adapter with each ML-Series card. After connecting the adapter, the console port functions like the standard Cisco RJ-45 console port. Figure 3-2 shows the RJ-11 to RJ-45 console cable adapter.

Figure 3-2 Console Cable Adapter

Chapter 3 Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card

Table 3-1 shows the mapping of the RJ-11 pins to the RJ-45 pins.

Table 3-1 RJ-11 to RJ-45 Pin Mapping

RJ-11 Pin RJ-45 Pin

None 5

None 7

Connecting a PC or Terminal to the Console Port

Use the supplied cable, an RJ-11 to RJ-45 console cable adapter, and a DB-9 adapter to connect a PC to the ML-Series console port.

The PC must support VT100 terminal emulation. The terminal-emulation software—frequently a PC application such as HyperTerminal or Procomm Plus—makes communication between the ML-Series and your PC or terminal possible during the setup program.

3-4

Step 1 Configure the data rate and character format of the PC or terminal to match these console port default

settings:

• 9600 baud

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• 8 data bits

• 1 stop bit

• No parity

Step 2 Insert the RJ-45 connector of the supplied cable into the female end of the supplied console cable

adapter.

Step 3 Insert the RJ-11 modular plug end of the supplied console cable adapter into the RJ-11 serial console

port, labeled CONSOLE, on the ML-Series card faceplate.

Step 4 Attach the supplied RJ-45-to-DB-9 female DTE adapter to the nine-pin DB-9 serial port on the PC. Step 5 Insert the other end of the supplied cable in the attached adapter.

Startup Configuration File

The ML-Series card needs a startup configuration file in order to configure itself beyond the default configuration when it resets. If no startup configuration file exists in the 15310-CL-CTX or the CTX 2500 flash memory, then the card boots up to a default configuration. Users can manually set up the startup configuration file through the serial console port and the Cisco IOS CLI configuration mode or load a Cisco IOS supplied sample startup configuration file through CTC. A running configuration becomes a startup configuration file when saved with a copy running-config startup-config command.

Startup Configuration File

It is not possible to establish a Telnet connection to the ML-Series card until a startup configuration file is loaded onto the ML-Series card. Access is available through the console port.

Caution The copy running-config startup-config command saves a startup configuration file to the flash

memory of the ML-Series card. This operation is confirmed by the appearance of the text “[OK]” in the Cisco IOS CLI session. The startup configuration file is also saved to the ONS node’s database restoration file after approximately 30 additional seconds.

Caution Accessing the read-only memory monitor mode (ROMMON) on the ML-Series card without the

assistance of Cisco personnel is not recommended. This mode allows actions that can render the ML-Series card inoperable. The ML-Series card ROMMON is preconfigured to boot the correct Cisco IOS software image for the ML-Series card.

Caution The maximum permitted size of the startup configuration file on the ONS 15310 ML-Series card is 96

kilobytes.

Note When the running configuration file is altered, a RUNCFG-SAVENEED condition appears in CTC. This

condition is a reminder to enter a copy running-config startup-config command in the Cisco IOS CLI, or configuration changes will be lost when the ML-Series card reboots.

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Startup Configuration File

Manually Creating a Startup Configuration File Through the Serial Console Port

Configuration through the serial console port is familiar to those who have worked with other products using Cisco IOS. At the end of the configuration procedure, the copy running-config startup-config command saves a startup configuration file.

The serial console port gives the user visibility to the entire booting process of the ML-Series card. During initialization the ML-Series card first checks for a locally, valid cached copy of Cisco IOS. It then either downloads the Cisco IOS software image from the 15310-CL-CTX or the CTX 2500 or proceeds directly to decompressing and initializing the image. Following Cisco IOS initialization the CLI prompt appears, at which time the user can enter the Cisco IOS CLI configuration mode and setup the basic ML-Series configuration.

Passwords

There are two types of passwords that you can configure for an ML-Series card: an enable password and an enable secret password. For maximum security, make the enable password different from the enable secret password.

• Enable password—The enable password is an unencrypted password. It can contain any number of

uppercase and lowercase alphanumeric characters. Give the enable password only to users permitted to make configuration changes to the ML-Series card.

• Enable secret password—The enable secret password is a secure, encrypted password. By setting an

encrypted password, you can prevent unauthorized configuration changes. On systems running Cisco IOS software, you must enter the enable secret password before you can access global configuration mode.

An enable secret password can contain from 1 to 25 uppercase and lowercase alphanumeric characters. The first character cannot be a number. Spaces are valid password characters. Leading spaces are ignored; trailing spaces are recognized.

Passwords are configured in the “Configuring the Management Port” section on page 3-6.

Configuring the Management Port

Because there is no separate management port on ML-Series cards, any Fast Ethernet interface (0-7), or any POS interface (0-1) can be configured as a management port.

You can remotely configure the ML-Series card through the management port, but first you must configure an IP address so that the ML-Series card is reachable or load a startup configuration file. You can manually configure the management port interface from the Cisco IOS CLI via the serial console connection.

To configure Telnet for remote management access, perform the following procedure, beginning in user EXEC mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Router> enable

Router# configure terminal

Activates user EXEC (or enable) mode.

The # prompt indicates enable mode.

Activates global configuration mode. You can abbreviate the command to config t. The Router(config)# prompt indicates that you are in global configuration mode.

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Command Purpose

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7 Step 8

Step 9

Step 10 Step 11

Step 12

Router(config)# enable password

password

Router(config)# enable secret

Router(config)# interface Router(config-if)#

Router(config-if)# ip address

ip-address subnetmask

Router(config-if)# no shutdown

Router(config-if)# exit Router(config)#

Router(config)# line vty

Router(config-line)# password

Router(config-line)# end Router#

Router# copy running-config

startup-config

password

type number

line-number

password

Startup Configuration File

Sets the enable password. See the “Passwords” section

on page 3-6.

Allows you to enter an enable secret password. See the

“Passwords” section on page 3-6. A user must enter the

enable secret password to gain access to global configuration mode.

Activates interface configuration mode on the interface.

Allows you to enter the IP address and IP subnet mask for the interface specified in Step 5.

Enables the interface.

Returns to global configuration mode.

Activates line configuration mode for virtual terminal connections. Commands entered in this mode control the operation of Telnet sessions to the ML-Series card.

Allows you to enter a password for Telnet sessions.

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

(Optional) Saves your configuration changes to NVRAM.

After you have completed configuring remote management on the management port, you can use Telnet to remotely assign and verify configurations.

Configuring the Hostname

In addition to the system passwords and enable password, your initial configuration should include a hostname to easily identify your ML-Series card. To configure the hostname, perform the following task, beginning in enable mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1 Step 2

Step 3 Step 4

Router# configure terminal

Router(config)# hostname

Router(config)# end

Router# copy running-config

startup-config

name-string

Activates global configuration mode.

Allows you to enter a system name. In this example, we set the hostname to “Router.”

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

(Optional) Copies your configuration changes to NVRAM.

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Startup Configuration File

Loading a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration File Through CTC

CTC allows a user to load the startup configuration file required by the ML-Series card. A Cisco-supplied sample Cisco IOS startup configuration file, named Basic-IOS-startup-config.txt, is available on the Cisco ONS 15310 software CD. CISCO15 is the Cisco IOS CLI default line password and the enable password for this configuration. Users can also create their own startup configuration file (see the “Manually Creating a Startup Configuration File Through the Serial Console Port” section on

page 3-6).

CTC can load a Cisco IOS startup configuration file into the 15310-CL-CTX or CTX 2500 card flash before the ML-Series card is physically installed in the slot. When installed, the ML-Series card downloads and applies the Cisco IOS software image and the preloaded Cisco IOS startup-configuration file. Preloading the startup configuration file allows an ML-Series card to immediately operate as a fully configured card when inserted into the ONS 15310.

If the ML-Series card is booted up prior to the loading of the Cisco IOS startup configuration file into 15310-CL-CTX or CTX 2500 card flash, then the ML-Series card must be reset to use the Cisco IOS startup configuration file or the user can issue the command copy start run at the Cisco IOS CLI to configure the ML-Series card to use the Cisco IOS startup configuration file.

This procedure details the initial loading of a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration file through CTC.

Step 1 At the card-level view of the ML-Series card, click the IOS tab (Figure 3-1 on page 3-3).

The CTC IOS window appears.

Step 2 Click the IOS startup config button.

The config file dialog box appears.

Step 3 Click the Local -> CTX button. Step 4 The sample Cisco IOS startup configuration file can be installed from either the ONS 15310 software

CD or from a PC or network folder:

• To install the Cisco supplied startup config file from the ONS 15310 software CD, insert the CD into

the CD drive of the PC or workstation. Using the CTC config file dialog box, navigate to the CD drive of the PC or workstation, and double-click the Basic-IOS-startup-config.txt file.

• To install the Cisco supplied config file from a PC or network folder, navigate to the folder

containing the desired Cisco IOS startup config file and double-click the desired Cisco IOS startup config file.

Step 5 At the Are you sure? dialog box, click the Ye s button.

The Directory and Filename fields on the configuration file dialog update to reflect that the Cisco IOS startup config file is loaded onto the 15310-CL-CTX.

Step 6 Load the Cisco IOS startup config file from the 15310-CL-CTX to the ML-Series card:

a. If the ML-Series card has already been installed, right-click on the ML-Series card at the node-level

or card-level CTC view and select Soft-reset.

After the reset, the ML-Series card runs under the newly loaded Cisco IOS startup configuration.

3-8

b. If the ML-Series card is not yet installed, installing the ML-Series card into the slot loads and runs

the newly loaded Cisco IOS startup configuration on the ML-Series card.

Caution A soft reset or a hard reset on the ONS 15310 ML-Series card is service-affecting.

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Note If there is a parsing error when the Cisco IOS startup configuration file is downloaded and

parsed at initialization, an ERROR-CONFIG alarm is reported and appears under the CTC alarms tab or in TL1. No other Cisco IOS error messages regarding the parsing of text are reported to the CTC or in TL1. An experienced Cisco IOS user can locate and troubleshoot the line in the startup configuration file that produced the parsing error by opening the Cisco IOS CLI and entering a copy start run command.

Note A standard ONS 15310 database restore reinstalls the Cisco IOS startup config file, but does not

implement the Cisco IOS startup config on the ML-Series. Complete Step 6 to load the Cisco IOS startup config file from the 15310-CL-CTX to the ML-Series card.

Database Restore of the Startup Configuration File

Cisco IOS Command Modes

The ONS 15310-CL includes a database restoration feature. Restoring the database will reconfigure a node and the installed line cards to the saved provisioning, except for the ML-Series card. The ML-Series card does not automatically restore the startup configuration file saved in the database.

A user can load the saved startup configuration file onto the ML-Series card in two ways. He can revert completely to the saved startup configuration and lose any additional provisioning in the unsaved running configuration, which is a restoration scheme similar to other ONS cards, or he can install the saved startup configuration file on top of the current running configuration, which is a merging restoration scheme used by many Cisco Catalyst devices.

To revert completely to the startup configuration file saved in the restored database, the user needs to soft reset the ML-Series card. Right-click the ML-Series card in CTC and choose Soft-reset or use the Cisco IOS CLI reload command to reset the ML-Series card.

To merge the saved startup configuration file with the running configuration, use the Cisco IOS CLI copy startup-config running-config command. This restoration scheme should only be used by experienced users with an understanding of the current running configuration and the Cisco IOS copy command. The copy startup-config running-config command will not reset the ML-Series card. The user also needs to use the Cisco IOS CLI copy running-config startup-config command to save the new merged running configuration to the startup configuration file.

Cisco IOS Command Modes

The Cisco IOS user interface has several different modes. The commands available to you depend on which mode you are in. To get a list of the commands available in a given mode, type a question mark (?) at the system prompt.

Table 3-2 describes the most commonly used modes, how to enter the modes, and the resulting system

prompts. The system prompt helps you identify which mode you are in and, therefore, which commands are available to you.

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Cisco IOS Command Modes

Note When a process makes unusually heavy demands on the CPU of the ML-Series card, it might impair CPU

response time and cause a CPUHOG error message to appear on the console. This message indicates which process used a large number of CPU cycles, such as the updating of the routing table with a large number of routes due to an event. Seeing this message as a result of card reset or other infrequent events should not be a cause for concern.

Table 3-2 Cisco IOS Command Modes

Mode What You Use It For How to Access Prompt

User EXEC Connect to remote devices,

Router>

change terminal settings on a temporary basis, perform basic tests, and display system information.

Privileged EXEC (also called Enable mode)

Set operating parameters. The privileged command set includes the commands in user EXEC

From user EXEC mode, enter the enable command and the enable password.

Router#

mode, as well as the configure command. Use this command mode to access the other command modes.

Global configuration Configure features that affect the

system as a whole.

From privileged EXEC mode, enter the configure terminal

Router(config)#

command.

Interface configuration Enable features for a particular

interface. Interface commands enable or modify the operation of a Fast Ethernet or POS port.

From global configuration mode, enter the interface type number command.

For example, enter

Router(config-if)#

interface fastethernet 0 for

Fast Ethernet or interface pos 0 for POS interfaces.

Line configuration Configure the console port or vty

line from the directly connected console or the virtual terminal used with Telnet.

From global configuration mode, enter the line console 0 command to configure the console port or the

Router(config-line)#

line vty line-number command to configure a vty line.

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When you start a session on the ML-Series card, you begin in user EXEC mode. Only a small subset of the commands are available in user EXEC mode. To have access to all commands, you must enter privileged EXEC mode, also called Enable mode. From privileged EXEC mode, you can type in any EXEC command or access global configuration mode. Most of the EXEC commands are single-use commands, such as show commands, which show the current configuration status, and clear commands, which clear counters or interfaces. The EXEC commands are not saved across reboots of the ML-Series card.

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The configuration modes allow you to make changes to the running configuration. If you later save the configuration, these commands are stored across ML-Series card reboots. You must start in global configuration mode. From global configuration mode, you can enter interface configuration mode, subinterface configuration mode, and a variety of protocol-specific modes.

ROMMON mode is a separate mode used when the ML-Series card cannot boot properly. For example, your ML-Series card might enter ROM monitor mode if it does not find a valid system image when it is booting, or if its configuration file is corrupted at startup.

Using the Command Modes

The Cisco IOS command interpreter, called the EXEC, interprets and executes the commands you enter. You can abbreviate commands and keywords by entering just enough characters to make the command unique from other commands. For example, you can abbreviate the show command to sh and the configure terminal command to config t.

Exit

Using the Command Modes

Getting Help

When you type exit, the ML-Series card backs out one level. In general, typing exit returns you to global configuration mode. Enter end to exit configuration mode completely and return to privileged EXEC mode.

In any command mode, you can get a list of available commands by entering a question mark (?).

Router> ?

To obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character sequence, type in those characters followed immediately by the question mark (?). Do not include a space. This form of help is called word help, because it completes a word for you.

Router# co? configure

To list keywords or arguments, enter a question mark in place of a keyword or argument. Include a space before the question mark. This form of help is called command syntax help, because it reminds you which keywords or arguments are applicable based on the command, keywords, and arguments you have already entered.

Router# configure ? memory Configure from NV memory network Configure from a TFTP network host overwrite-network Overwrite NV memory from TFTP network host terminal Configure from the terminal <cr>

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To redisplay a command you previously entered, press the Up Arrow key. You can continue to press the Up Arrow key to see more of the previously issued commands.

Tip If you are having trouble entering a command, check the system prompt, and enter the question mark (?)

for a list of available commands. You might be in the wrong command mode or using incorrect syntax.

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Using the Command Modes

You can press Ctrl-Z or type end in any mode to immediately return to privileged EXEC (enable) mode, instead of entering exit, which returns you to the previous mode.

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Configuring Interfaces on the ML-Series Card

This chapter describes basic interface configuration for the ML-Series card to help you get your ML-Series card up and running. Advanced packet-over-SONET (POS) interface configuration is covered in Chapter 5, “Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card.” For more information about the Cisco IOS commands used in this chapter, refer to the Cisco IOS Command Reference publication.

This chapter contains the following major sections:

• General Interface Guidelines, page 4-1

• Basic Interface Configuration, page 4-3

• Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration, page 4-4

• Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces, page 4-6

General Interface Guidelines

CHA PTER

The main function of the ML-Series card is to relay packets from one data link to another. Consequently, you must configure the characteristics of the interfaces, which receive and send packets. Interface characteristics include, but are not limited to, IP address, address of the port, data encapsulation method, and media type.

Many features are enabled on a per-interface basis. Interface configuration mode contains commands that modify the interface operation (for example, of an Ethernet port). When you enter the interface command, you must specify the interface type and number.

The following general guidelines apply to all physical and virtual interface configuration processes:

• All interfaces have a name that is composed of an interface type (word) and a Port ID (number). For

• Configure each interface with a bridge-group or IP address and IP subnet mask.

• VLANs are supported through the use of subinterfaces. The subinterface is a logical interface

• Each physical interface, including the internal POS interfaces, has an assigned MAC address.

MAC Addresses

Every port or device that connects to an Ethernet network needs a MAC address. Other devices in the network use MAC addresses to locate specific ports in the network and to create and update routing tables and data structures.

example, Fast Ethernet 2.

configured separately from the associated physical interface.

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General Interface Guidelines

To find MAC addresses for a device, use the show interfaces command, as follows:

ML_Series# show interfaces fastethernet 0 FastEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is epif_port, address is 000b.fcfa.339e (bia 000b.fcfa.339e) Description: 100 mbps full duplex q-in-q tunnel MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 18/255, rxload 200/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 75000 kilobits/sec 30 second input rate 78525000 bits/sec, 144348 packets/sec 30 second output rate 7363000 bits/sec, 13537 packets/sec 4095063706 packets input, 3885007012 bytes Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicast) 2 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 4 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 1 overrun, 0 ignored 0 watchdog, 0 multicast 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 1463732665 packets output, 749573412 bytes, 0 underruns 131072 output errors, 131072 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Chapter 4 Configuring Interfaces on the ML-Series Card

Interface Port ID

The interface port ID designates the physical location of the interface within the ML-Series card. It is the name that you use to identify the interface you are configuring. The system software uses interface port IDs to control activity within the ML-Series card and to display status information. Interface port IDs are not used by other devices in the network; they are specific to the individual ML-Series card and its internal components and software.

The ML-100T-8 port IDs for the eight Fast Ethernet interfaces are Fast Ethernet 0 through 7. The ML-Series card features two POS ports. The ML-Series port IDs for the two POS interfaces are POS 0 and 1. You can use user-defined abbreviations such as f0 through f7 to configure the eight Fast Ethernet interfaces, and POS0 and POS1 to configure the two POS ports.

You can use Cisco IOS show commands to display information about any or all the interfaces of the ML-Series card.

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Basic Interface Configuration

The following general configuration instructions apply to all interfaces. Before you configure interfaces, develop a plan for a bridge or routed network.

To configure an interface, do the following:

Step 1 Enter the configure EXEC command at the privileged EXEC prompt to enter global configuration mode.

The key word your-password is the password set up by the user in the initial configuration of the ML-Series card.

ML_Series> enable Password:< ML_Series# configure terminal ML_Series(config)#

Step 2 Enter the interface command, followed by the interface type (for example, fastethernet or pos) and its

interface port ID (see the “Interface Port ID” section on page 4-2).

For example, to configure a Fast Ethernet port, enter this command:

ML_Series(config)# interface fastethernet

your-password

Basic Interface Configuration

number

Step 3 Follow each interface command with the interface configuration commands required for your particular

interface.

The commands you enter define the protocols and applications that will run on the interface. The ML-Series card collects and applies commands to the interface command until you enter another

interface command or a command that is not an interface configuration command. You can also enter end to return to privileged EXEC mode.

Step 4 Check the status of the configured interface by entering the EXEC show interface command.

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Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration

0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration

ML-Series cards support Fast Ethernet and POS interfaces. This section provides some examples of configurations for all interface types.

To configure an IP address or bridge-group number on a Fast Ethernet or POS interface, perform the following procedure, beginning in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4 Step 5

ML_Series(config)# interface

ML_Series(config-if)# {ip address

ip-address subnet-mask | bridge-group-number

ML_Series(config-if)# no shutdown

ML_Series(config)# end

ML_Series# copy running-config

startup-config

}

type number

bridge-group

Activates interface configuration mode to configure either the Fast Ethernet interface or the POS interface.

Sets the IP address and IP subnet mask to be assigned to the interface.

Assigns a network interface to a bridge group.

Enables the interface by preventing it from shutting down.

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

(Optional) Saves configuration changes to flash database.

Configuring the Fast Ethernet Interfaces

To configure the IP address or bridge-group number, autonegotiation, and flow control on a Fast Ethernet interface, perform the following procedure, beginning in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

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ML_Series(config)# interface fastethernet

number

ML_Series(config-if)# {ip address

ip-address subnet-mask bridge-group-number

ML_Series(config-if)# [no] speed {10 | 100 | auto}

| bridge-group

}

Activates interface configuration mode to configure the Fast Ethernet interface.

Sets the IP address and IP subnet mask to be assigned to the interface.

Assigns a network interface to a bridge group.

Configures the transmission speed for 10 or 100 Mbps. If you set the speed or duplex for auto, you enable autonegotiation on the system—the ML-Series card matches the speed and duplex mode of the partner node.

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Command Purpose

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7 Step 8

ML_Series(config-if)# [no] duplex {full | half

| auto}

ML_Series(config-if)# flowcontrol send {on | off | desired}

ML_Series(config-if)# no shutdown

ML_Series(config)# end

ML_Series# copy running-config

startup-config

Example 4-1 shows how to do the initial configuration of a Fast Ethernet interface with an IP address,

autonegotiated speed, and autonegotiated duplex.

Example 4-1 Initial Configuration of a Fast Ethernet Interface

Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration

Sets full duplex, half duplex, or autonegotiate mode.

(Optional) Sets the send flow control value for an interface. Flow control works only with port-level policing. ML-Series card Fast Ethernet port flow control is IEEE 802.3x compliant.

Enables the interface by preventing it from shutting down.

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

(Optional) Saves your configuration changes to the flash database.

ML_Series(config)# interface fastethernet 1 ML_Series(config-if)# ip address 10.1.2.4 255.0.0.0 ML_Series(config-if)# speed auto ML_Series(config-if)# duplex auto ML_Series(config-if)# no shutdown ML_Series(config-if)# end ML_Series# copy running-config startup-config

Configuring the POS Interfaces

Encapsulation changes on POS ports are allowed only when the interface is in a manual shutdown (ADMIN_DOWN). For advanced POS interface configuration, see Chapter 5, “Configuring POS on the

ML-Series Card.”

Note The initial state of the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA ML-Series card POS port is inactive. A POS

interface command of no shutdown is required to carry traffic on the SONET circuit.

To configure the IP address, bridge group, or encapsulation for the POS interface, perform the following procedure, beginning in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

ML_Series(config)# interface pos

ML_Series(config-if)# {ip address

ip-address subnet-mask | bridge-group-number

}

number

bridge-group

Activates interface configuration mode to configure the POS interface.

Sets the IP address and subnet mask.

Assigns a network interface to a bridge group.

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Command Purpose

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5 Step 6 Step 7

ML_Series(config-if)# shutdown

ML_Series(config-if)# encapsulation

ML_Series(config-if)# no shutdown

ML_Series(config)# end

ML_Series# copy running-config

startup-config

type

Chapter 4 Configuring Interfaces on the ML-Series Card

Manually shuts down the interface. Encapsulation changes on POS ports are allowed only when the interface is shut down (ADMIN_DOWN).

Sets the encapsulation type. Valid values are:

• hdlc—Cisco high-level data link control

(HDLC)

• lex—(Default) LAN extension, special

encapsulation for use with Cisco ONS Ethernet line cards

• ppp—Point-to-Point Protocol Note Under GFP-F framing, the

ONS 15310-CLand ONS 15310-MA ML-Series card is restricted to LEX encapsulation.

Restarts the shutdown interface.

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

(Optional) Saves configuration changes to NVRAM.

Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces

To verify the settings after you have configured the interfaces, enter the show interface command. For additional information on monitoring the operations on POS interfaces, see the “Configuring POS on the

ML-Series Card” chapter.

Example 4-2 shows the output from the show interface command, which displays the status of the

interface including port speed and duplex operation.

Example 4-2 show interface Command Output

ML_Series# show interface fastethernet 0 FastEthernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is epif_port, address is 000b.fcfa.339e (bia 000b.fcfa.339e) Description: 100 mbps full duplex q-in-q tunnel MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 18/255, rxload 200/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Full-duplex, 100Mb/s, 100BaseTX ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/0/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) Available Bandwidth 75000 kilobits/sec 30 second input rate 78525000 bits/sec, 144348 packets/sec 30 second output rate 7363000 bits/sec, 13537 packets/sec

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4095063706 packets input, 3885007012 bytes Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicast) 2 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 4 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 1 overrun, 0 ignored 0 watchdog, 0 multicast 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 1463732665 packets output, 749573412 bytes, 0 underruns 131072 output errors, 131072 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

Enter the show controller command to display information about the Fast Ethernet controller chip.

Example 4-3 shows the output from the show controller command, which shows statistics, including

information about initialization block information and raw MAC counters.

Example 4-3 show controller Command Output

ML_Series# show controller fastethernet 0 IF Name: FastEthernet0 Port Status UP Send Flow Control : Disabled Receive Flow Control : Enabled

Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces

MAC registers CMCR : 0x00000433 (Tx Enabled, Rx Enabled) CMPR : 0x150B0A82 (Long Frame Enabled) FCR : 0x00008007

MII registers:

Control Register (0x0): 0x100 (Auto negotation disabled) Status Register (0x1): 0x780D (Link status Up) PHY Identification Register 1 (0x2): 0x40 PHY Identification Register 2 (0x3): 0x61D4 Auto Neg. Advertisement Reg (0x4): 0x461 (Speed 10, Duplex Full) Auto Neg. Partner Ability Reg (0x5): 0x0 (Speed 10, Duplex Half) Auto Neg. Expansion Register (0x6): 0x4 100Base-X Aux Control Reg (0x10): 0x0 100Base-X Aux Status Register(0x11): 0x0 100Base-X Rcv Error Counter (0x12): 0x0 100Base-X False Carr. Counter(0x13): 0x400 100Base-X Disconnect Counter (0x14): 0x200 Aux Control/Status Register (0x18): 0x31 Aux Status Summary Register (0x19): 0x5 Interrupt Register (0x1A): 0xC000 10Base-T Aux Err & Gen Status(0x1C): 0x3021 Aux Mode Register (0x1D): 0x0 Aux Multi-phy Register (0x1E): 0x0

Counters : MAC receive conters: Bytes 749876721 pkt64 2394 pkts64to127 49002 pkts128to255 21291 pkts256to511 11308 pkts512to1023 40175 pkts1024to1518 24947 pkts1519to1530 54893 pkts_good_giants 11319 pkts_error_giants 0

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pkts_good_runts 0 pkts_error_runts 5 pkts_ucast 26976 pkts_mcast 57281 pkts_bcast 0 align_errors 1 FCS_errors 5 Overruns 0

MAC Transmit Counters Bytes 1657084026 pkts64 23344 pkts65to127 48188 pkts128to255 12358 pkts256to511 38550 pkts512to1023 24897 pkts1024to1518 11305 pkts1519to1530 62760 pkts_ucast 17250 pkts_mcast 23108 pkts_bcast 11 pkts_fcs_err 0 pkts_giants 0 pkts_underruns 0 pkts_one_collision 0 pkts_multiple_collisions 0 pkts_excessive_collision 0 Ucode drops 2053079661

Chapter 4 Configuring Interfaces on the ML-Series Card

Enter the show run interface [type number] command to display information about the configuration of the Fast Ethernet interface. The command is useful when there are multiple interfaces and you want to look at the configuration of a specific interface.

Example 4-4 shows output from the show run interface [type number] command, which includes

information about the IP or lack of IP address and the state of the interface.

Example 4-4 show run interface Command Output

daytona# show run interface fastethernet 1 Building configuration...

Current configuration : 222 bytes ! interface FastEthernet1 no ip address duplex full speed 10 mode dot1q-tunnel l2protocol-tunnel cdp l2protocol-tunnel stp l2protocol-tunnel vtp no cdp enable bridge-group 2 bridge-group 2 spanning-disabled end

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Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card

This chapter describes advanced packet-over-SONET (POS) interface configuration for the ML-Series card. Basic POS interface configuration is included in Chapter 4, “Configuring Interfaces on the

ML-Series Card.” For more information about the Cisco IOS commands used in this chapter, refer to the

Cisco IOS Command Reference publication.

This chapter contains the following major sections:

• Understanding POS on the ML-Series Card, page 5-1

• Configuring the POS Interface, page 5-3

• Monitoring and Verifying POS, page 5-8

Understanding POS on the ML-Series Card

Ethernet frames and IP data packets need to be framed and encapsulated into SONET frames for transport across the SONET network. This framing and encapsulation process is known as POS and is carried out by the ML-Series card.

The ML-Series card treats all the standard Ethernet ports on the front of the card and the two POS ports as switch ports. Under Cisco IOS, the POS port is an interface similar to the other Ethernet interfaces on the ML-Series card. Many standard Cisco IOS features, such as IEEE 802.1 Q VLAN configuration, are configured on the POS interface in the same manner as on a standard Ethernet interface. Other features and configurations are done strictly on the POS interface. The configuration of features limited to POS ports is shown in this chapter.

Available Circuit Sizes and Combinations

Each POS port terminates an independent contiguous SONET concatenation (CCAT) or virtual SONET concatenation (VCAT). The SONET circuit is created for these ports through Cisco Transport Controller (CTC) or Transaction Language One (TL1) in the same manner as a SONET circuit is created for a non-Ethernet line card. Table 5-1shows the circuit sizes available for the ML-Series card on the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA, and the circuit sizes required for Ethernet wire speeds.

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5-1

Understanding POS on the ML-Series Card

Table 5-1 ML-Series Card Supported Circuit Sizes and Sizes Required for Ethernet Wire Speeds

Ethernet Wire Speed CCAT High Order VCAT High Order

10 Mbps STS-1 STS-1-1v

100 Mbps — STS-1-2v

1. STS-1-2v provides a total transport capacity of 98 Mbps

Caution The maximum tolerable VCAT differential delay for the ML-100T-8 is 48 milliseconds. The VCAT

differential delay is the relative arrival time measurement between members of a virtual concatenation group (VCG).

Note The initial state of the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA ML-Series card POS port is inactive. A POS

interface command of no shutdown is required to carry traffic on the SONET circuit.

Chapter 5 Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card

Note ML-Series card POS interfaces normally send an alarm for signal label mismatch failure in the ONS

15454 STS path overhead (PDI-P) to the far end when the POS link goes down or when RPR wraps. ML-Series card POS interfaces do not send PDI-P to the far-end when PDI-P is detected, when a remote defection indication alarm (RDI-P) is being sent to the far end, or when the only defects detected are generic framing procedure (GFP)-loss of frame delineation (LFD), GFP client signal fail (CSF), virtual concatenation (VCAT)-loss of multiframe (LOM), or VCAT-loss of sequence (SQM).

LCAS Support

The ML-100T-8 card and the CE-100T-8 card (both the ONS 15310-CL/ONS 15310-MA version and the ONS 15454 SONET/SDH version) have hardware-based support for the ITU-T G.7042 standard link capacity adjustment scheme (LCAS). This allows the user to dynamically resize a high-order or low-order VCAT circuit through CTC or TL1 without affecting other members of the VCG (errorless). ML-100T-8 LCAS support is high order only and is limited to a two-member VCG.

The ONS 15454 SONET/SDH ML-Series card has a software-based LCAS (SW-LCAS) scheme. This scheme is also supported by both the ML-100T-8 card and both versions of the CE-100T-8, but only for circuits terminating on an ONS 15454 SONET ML-Series card.

J1 Path Trace, and SONET Alarms

The ML-100T-8 card also reports SONET alarms and transmits and monitors the J1 path trace byte in the same manner as OC-N cards. Support for path termination functions includes:

5-2

• H1 and H2 concatenation indication

• Bit interleaved parity 3 (BIP-3) generation

• G1 path status indication

• C2 path signal label read/write

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Chapter 5 Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card

Configuring the POS Interface

• Path-level alarms and conditions, including loss of pointer (LOP), unequipped (UNEQ-P), payload

mismatch (PLM-P), alarm indication signal (AIS) detection, and remote defect indication (RDI)

• J1 path trace for high-order paths

Framing Mode, Encapsulation, Scrambling, MTU and CRC Support

The ML-Series card on the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA supports high-level data link control (HDLC) framing and frame-mapped generic framing procedure (GFP-F) framing. Supported encapsulation and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) sizes for the framing types are detailed in Table 5-2 .

Table 5-2 ML-Series Card Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC Sizes

GFP-F Framing HDLC Framing

Encapsulations LEX (default)

Cisco HDLC

PPP/BCP

CRC Sizes 32-bit (default) 32-bit (default)

LEX (default)

None (FCS disabled)

1. RPR requires LEX encapsulation in either framing mode.

LEX is the common term for Cisco-EoS-LEX, which is a proprietary Cisco Ethernet-over-SONET encapsulation. This encapsulation is available on most ONS Ethernet cards. When the ML-Series card is configured for GFP-F framing, the LEX encapsulation is in accordance with ITU-T G.7041 as standard mapped Ethernet over GFP. Under GFP-F framing, the Cisco IOS CLI also uses this lex keyword to represent standard mapped Ethernet over GFP-F.

LEX encapsulation is the required and default encapsulation for RPR on the ML-Series card. The maximum transmission unit (MTU) size is not configurable and is set at a 1500-byte maximum (standard Ethernet MTU). In addition, the ML-Series card supports baby giant frames in which the standard Ethernet frame is augmented by IEEE 802.1 Q tags or Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) tags. It does not support full Jumbo frames.

The ML-Series card supports GFP null mode. GFP-F client-management frames (CMFs) are counted and discarded.

The ML-100T-8 card is interoperable with the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA CE-100T-8 card and several other ONS Ethernet cards. For specific details on the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA CE-100T-8 card’s encapsulation, framing, and CRC, see Chapter 17, “CE-100T-8 Ethernet Operation.” For specific details on interoperability with other ONS system Ethernet cards, including framing mode, encapsulation, and CRC, refer to the “POS on ONS Ethernet Cards” chapter of the Cisco ONS 15454 and Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Ethernet Card Software Feature and Configuration Guide.

Configuring the POS Interface

The user can configure framing mode, encapsulation, and Cisco IOS SONET alarm reporting parameters through Cisco IOS.

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Configuring the POS Interface

Scrambling on the ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA ML-Series card is on by default and is not configurable. The C2 byte is not configurable. CRC-under-HDLC framing is restricted to 32-bit and is not configurable. CRC-under-GFP-F is restricted to 32-bit, but can be enabled (default) and disabled.

Note ML-Series card POS interfaces normally send PDI-P to the far end when the POS link goes down or RPR

wraps. ML-Series card POS interfaces do not send PDI-P to the far end when PDI-P is detected, when RDI-P is being sent to the far end, or when the only defects detected are GFP LFD, GFP CSF, V C AT L O M , o r V C AT SQ M .

Configuring POS Interface Framing Mode

You can configure framing mode on an ML-100T-8 card through Cisco IOS. You cannot configure framing mode through CTC on the ML-100T-8 card.

Framing mode can be changed on a port by port basis. The user does not need to delete the existing circuits or reboot the ML-100T-8 card. On the ONS 15454 or ONS 15454 SDH ML-Series cards, the circuits must be deleted and the card must reboot for the framing mode to change.

Chapter 5 Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card

Step 1

Step 2

To configure framing mode for the ML-Series card, perform the following steps, beginning in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Router(config)# interface pos

number

Activates interface configuration mode to configure the POS interface.

Router(config-if)# shutdown

Manually shuts down the interface. Encapsulation and framing mode changes on POS ports are allowed only when the interface is shut down (ADMIN_DOWN).

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Command Purpose

Step 3

Router(config-if)# [no] pos mode gfp [fcs-disabled]

Configuring the POS Interface

Sets the framing mode employed by the ONS Ethernet card for framing and encapsulating data packets onto the SONET transport layer. Valid framing modes are:

• HDLC—A common mechanism employed in

framing data packets for SONET. HDLC is not a keyword choice in the command. The no form of the command sets the framing mode to Cisco HDLC.

• GFP (default)—The ML-Series card supports

the frame mapped version of generic framing procedure (GFP-F).

GFP-F with a 32-bit CRC, also referred to as frame check sequence (FCS), is enabled by default. The optional FCS-disabled keyword disables the GFP-F 32-bit FCS.

The FCS-disabled keyword is not available when setting the framing mode to Cisco HDLC.

Note CRC-under-HDLC framing is restricted to

a 32-bit size and cannot be disabled.

Note The GFP-F FCS is compliant with ITU-T

G.7041/Y.1303

Step 4 Step 5 Step 6

Router(config-if)# no shutdown

Router(config)# end

Router# copy running-config startup-config

Restarts the shutdown interface.

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

(Optional) Saves configuration changes to NVRAM.

Configuring POS Interface Encapsulation Type Under GFP-F Framing

To configure the encapsulation type for a ML-Series card, perform the following steps beginning in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Router(config)# interface pos

Router(config-if)# shutdown

number

Activates interface configuration mode to configure the POS interface.

Manually shuts down the interface. Encapsulation and framing mode changes on POS ports are allowed only when the interface is shut down (ADMIN_DOWN).

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Command Purpose

Step 3

Step 4 Step 5 Step 6

Router(config-if)# encapsulation

Router(config-if)# no shutdown

Router(config)# end

Router# copy running-config startup-config

type

Chapter 5 Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card

Sets the encapsulation type. Valid values are:

• hdlc—Cisco HDLC

• lex—(default) LAN extension

(Cisco-EoS-LEX), special encapsulation for use with Cisco ONS Ethernet line cards

• ppp—Point-to-Point Protocol Note Under HDLC framing, the

ONS 15310-CL and ONS 15310-MA ML-Series card is restricted to LEX encapsulation.

Restarts the shutdown interface.

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

(Optional) Saves configuration changes to NVRAM.

SONET Alarms

The ML-Series cards report SONET alarms under Cisco IOS, CTC, and TL1. A number of path alarms are reported in the Cisco IOS console. Configuring Cisco IOS console alarm reporting has no effect on CTC and TL1 alarm reporting. The “Configuring SONET Alarms” section on page 5-6 procedure specifies the alarms reported to the Cisco IOS console.

CTC and TL1 have sophisticated SONET alarm reporting capabilities. The ML-Series card reports Telcordia GR-253 SONET alarms on the Alarms tab of CTC, and in TL1-like other ONS system line cards. For more information about alarms and alarm definitions, refer to the “Alarm Troubleshooting” chapter of the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide.

Configuring SONET Alarms

All SONET alarms are logged on the Cisco IOS CLI by default. But to provision or disable the reporting of SONET alarms on the Cisco IOS CLI, perform the following steps beginning in global configuration mode:

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Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Router(config)# interface pos

number

Router(config-if)# pos report {all | encap | pais | plop | ppdi | pplm | prdi | ptim | puneq | sd-ber-b3 | sf-ber-b3}

Configuring the POS Interface

Enters interface configuration mode and specifies the POS interface to configure.

Permits console logging of selected SONET alarms. Use the no form of the command to disable reporting of a specific alarm.

The alarms are as follows:

• all—All alarms/signals

• encap—Path encapsulation mismatch

• pais—Path alarm indication signal

• plop—Path loss of pointer

• ppdi—Path payload defect indication

• pplm—Payload label, C2 mismatch

• prdi—Path remote defect indication

Step 3 Step 4

Router(config-if)# end

Router# copy running-config

startup-config

To determine which alarms are reported on the POS interface and to display the bit error rate (BER) thresholds, use the show controllers pos command, as described in the “Monitoring and Verifying POS”

section on page 5-8.

Configuring SONET Delay Triggers

You can set path alarms listed as triggers to bring down the line protocol of the POS interface. When you configure the path alarms as triggers, you can also specify a delay for the triggers using the pos trigger delay command. You can set the delay from 200 to 2000 ms. If you do not specify a time interval, the default delay is set to 200 ms.

• ptim—Path trace identifier mismatch

• puneq—Path label equivalent to zero

• sd-ber-b3—PBIP BER in excess of SD threshold

• sf-ber-b3—PBIP BER in excess of SF threshold

Returns to the privileged EXEC mode.

(Optional) Saves configuration changes to NVRAM.

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Monitoring and Verifying POS

To configure path alarms as triggers and specify a delay, perform the following steps beginning in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Router(config)# interface pos

number

Router(config-if)# pos trigger

defect {all | ber_sf_b3 | encap | pais | plop | ppdi | pplm | prdi | ptim | puneq}

Chapter 5 Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card

Enters interface configuration mode and specifies the POS interface to configure.

Configures certain path defects as triggers to bring down the POS interface. The configurable triggers are as follows:

• all—All link down alarm failures

• ber_sd_b3—PBIP BER in excess of SD threshold

failure

• ber_sf_b3—PBIP BER in excess of SD threshold failure

(default)

• encap—Path Signal Label Encapsulation Mismatch

failure (default)

• pais—Path Alarm Indication Signal failure (default)

Step 3

Step 4 Step 5

Router(config-if)# pos trigger delay

millisecond

Router(config-if)# end

Router# copy running-config

startup-config

Monitoring and Verifying POS

Showing the outputs framing mode and concatenation information with the show controller pos [0 | 1] command (Example 5-1).

Example 5-1 Showing Framing Mode and Concatenation Information with the show controller pos

[0 | 1] Command

• plop—Path Loss of Pointer failure (default)

• ppdi—Path Payload Defect Indication failure (default)

• pplm—Payload label mismatch path (default)

• prdi—Path Remote Defect Indication failure (default)

• ptim—Path Trace Indicator Mismatch failure (default)

• puneq—Path Label Equivalent to Zero failure (default)

Sets waiting period before the line protocol of the interface goes down. Delay can be set from 200 to 2000 ms. If no time intervals are specified, the default delay is set to 200 ms.

Returns to the privileged EXEC mode.

(Optional) Saves configuration changes to NVRAM.

5-8

ML_Series# show controller pos0 Interface POS0 Hardware is Packet Over SONET Framing Mode: HDLC Concatenation: CCAT *************** GFP *************** Active Alarms : None Active Alarms : None LDF = 0 CSF = 0

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CCAT/VCAT info not available yet!

56517448726 total input packets, 4059987309747 post-encap bytes 0 input short packets, ?? pre-encap bytes 283 input CRCerror packets , 0 input drop packets 564 rx HDLC addr mismatchs , 564 rx HDLC ctrl mismatchs 564 rx HDLC sapi mismatchs , 564 rx HDLC ctrl mismatchs 0 rx HDLC destuff errors , 564 rx HDLC invalid frames 0 input abort packets 5049814101 input packets dropped by ucode 0 input packets congestion drops 56733042489 input good packets (POS MAC rx) 4073785395967 input good octets (POS MAC rx)

56701415757 total output packets, 4059987309747 post-encap bytes

Carrier delay is 200 msec

Showing scrambling with the show interface pos [0 | 1] command (Example 5-2).

Example 5-2 Showing Scrambling with the show interface pos [0 | 1] Command

Monitoring and Verifying POS

ML_Series# show interface pos 0 POS0 is up, line protocol is down

Hardware is Packet Over SONET, address is 000b.fcfa.33b0 (bia 000b.fcfa.33b0) MTU 1500 bytes, BW 48384 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation: Cisco-EoS-LEX, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Scramble enabled ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 22:46:51, output never, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 1w5d Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 777 packets input, 298426 bytes Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicast)

0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 parity

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 769 packets output, 296834 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 applique, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions

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Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card

This chapter describes the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and the ML-Series implementation of the IEEE 802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). It also explains how to configure STP and RSTP on the ML-Series card.

This chapter consists of these sections:

• STP Features, page 6-1

• RSTP Features, page 6-9

• Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP, page 6-15

• Configuring STP and RSTP Features, page 6-15

• Verifying and Monitoring STP and RSTP Status, page 6-20

STP Features

CHA PTER

These sections describe how the spanning-tree features work:

• STP Overview, page 6-2

• Supported STP Instances, page 6-2

• Bridge Protocol Data Units, page 6-2

• Election of the Root Switch, page 6-3

• Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID, page 6-4

• Spanning-Tree Timers, page 6-4

• Creating the Spanning-Tree Topology, page 6-5

• Spanning-Tree Interface States, page 6-5

• Spanning-Tree Address Management, page 6-8

• STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks, page 6-8

• Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity, page 6-8

• Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity, page 6-9

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STP Overview

Chapter 6 Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card

STP is a Layer 2 link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing loops in the network. For a Layer 2 Ethernet network to function properly, only one active path can exist between any two stations. Spanning-tree operation is transparent to end stations, which cannot detect whether they are connected to a single LAN segment or a switched LAN of multiple segments.

When you create fault-tolerant internetworks, you must have a loop-free path between all nodes in a network. The spanning-tree algorithm calculates the best loop-free path throughout a switched Layer 2 network. Switches send and receive spanning-tree frames, called bridge protocol data units (BPDUs), at regular intervals. The switches do not forward these frames, but use the frames to construct a loop-free path.

Multiple active paths among end stations cause loops in the network. If a loop exists in the network, end stations might receive duplicate messages. Switches might also learn end-station MAC addresses on multiple Layer 2 interfaces. These conditions result in an unstable network.

Spanning tree defines a tree with a root switch and a loop-free path from the root to all switches in the Layer 2 network. Spanning tree forces redundant data paths into a standby (blocked) state. If a network segment in the spanning tree fails and a redundant path exists, the spanning-tree algorithm recalculates the spanning-tree topology and activates the standby path.

When two interfaces on a switch are part of a loop, the spanning-tree port priority and path cost settings determine which interface is put in the forwarding state and which is put in the blocking state. The port priority value represents the location of an interface in the network topology and how well it is located to pass traffic. The path cost value represents media speed.

Supported STP Instances

The ML-Series card supports the per-VLAN spanning tree (PVST+) and a maximum of 255 spanning-tree instances.

Caution At more than 100 STP instances the STP instances may flap and may result in MAC entries flushed, and

MAC entries learned again and again. This will cause flooding in the network. So it is recommended to keep the STP instances to be less than 100, to keep system from being unstable.

Bridge Protocol Data Units

The stable, active, spanning-tree topology of a switched network is determined by these elements:

• Unique bridge ID (switch priority and MAC address) associated with each VLAN on each switch

• Spanning-tree path cost to the root switch

• Port identifier (port priority and MAC address) associated with each Layer 2 interface

6-2

When the switches in a network are powered up, each functions as the root switch. Each switch sends a configuration BPDU through all of its ports. The BPDUs communicate and compute the spanning-tree topology. Each configuration BPDU contains this information:

• Unique bridge ID of the switch that the sending switch identifies as the root switch

• Spanning-tree path cost to the root

• Bridge ID of the sending switch

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• Message age

• Identifier of the sending interface

• Values for the hello, forward delay, and max-age protocol timers

When a switch receives a configuration BPDU that contains superior information (lower bridge ID, lower path cost, etc.), it stores the information for that port. If this BPDU is received on the root port of the switch, the switch also forwards it with an updated message to all attached LANs for which it is the designated switch.

If a switch receives a configuration BPDU that contains inferior information to that currently stored for that port, it discards the BPDU. If the switch is a designated switch for the LAN from which the inferior BPDU was received, it sends that LAN a BPDU containing the up-to-date information stored for that port. In this way, inferior information is discarded, and superior information is propagated on the network.

A BPDU exchange results in these actions:

• One switch in the network is elected as the root switch.

• A root port is selected for each switch (except the root switch). This port provides the best path

(lowest cost) when the switch forwards packets to the root switch.

STP Features

• The shortest distance to the root switch is calculated for each switch based on the path cost.

• A designated switch for each LAN segment is selected. The designated switch incurs the lowest path

cost when forwarding packets from that LAN to the root switch. The port through which the designated switch is attached to the LAN is called the designated port.

• Interfaces included in the spanning-tree instance are selected. Root ports and designated ports are

put in the forwarding state.

• All interfaces not included in the spanning tree are blocked.

Election of the Root Switch

All switches in the Layer 2 network participating in the spanning tree gather information about other switches in the network through an exchange of BPDU data messages. This exchange of messages results in these actions:

• Election of a unique root switch for each spanning-tree instance

• Election of a designated switch for every switched LAN segment

• Removal of loops in the switched network by blocking Layer 2 interfaces connected to redundant

links

For each VLAN, the switch with the highest switch priority (the lowest numerical priority value) is elected as the root switch. If all switches are configured with the default priority (32768), the switch with the lowest MAC address in the VLAN becomes the root switch. The switch priority value occupies the most significant bits of the bridge ID.

When you change the switch priority value, you change the probability that the switch will be elected as the root switch. Configuring a higher value decreases the probability; a lower value increases the probability.

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The root switch is the logical center of the spanning-tree topology in a switched network. All paths that are not needed to reach the root switch from anywhere in the switched network are placed in the spanning-tree blocking mode.

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STP Features

BPDUs contain information about the sending switch and its ports, including switch and MAC addresses, switch priority, port priority, and path cost. Spanning tree uses this information to elect the root switch and root port for the switched network and the root port and designated port for each switched segment.

Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID

The IEEE 802.1D standard requires that each switch has an unique bridge identifier (bridge ID), which determines the selection of the root switch. Because each VLAN is considered as a different logical bridge with PVST+, the same switch must have as many different bridge IDs as VLANs configured on it. Each VLAN on the switch has a unique 8-byte bridge ID; the two most-significant bytes are used for the switch priority, and the remaining six bytes are derived from the switch MAC address.

The ML-Series card supports the IEEE 802.1T spanning-tree extensions, and some of the bits previously used for the switch priority are now used as the bridge ID. The result is that fewer MAC addresses are reserved for the switch, and a larger range of VLAN IDs can be supported, all while maintaining the uniqueness of the bridge ID. As shown in Tab l e 6- 1 , the two bytes previously used for the switch priority are reallocated into a 4-bit priority value and a 12-bit extended system ID value equal to the bridge ID. In earlier releases, the switch priority is a 16-bit value.

Table 6-1 Switch Priority Value and Extended System ID

Switch Priority Value Extended System ID (Set Equal to the Bridge ID) Bit 16 Bit 15 Bit 14 Bit 13 Bit 12 Bit 11 Bit 10 Bit 9 Bit 8 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1

32768 16384 8192 4096 2048 1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Spanning tree uses the extended system ID, the switch priority, and the allocated spanning-tree MAC address to make the bridge ID unique for each VLAN.

Spanning-Tree Timers

Table 6-2 describes the timers that affect the entire spanning-tree performance.

Table 6-2 Spanning-Tree Timers

Variable Description

Hello timer When this timer expires, the interface sends out a Hello message to the

neighboring nodes.

Forward-delay timer Determines how long each of the listening and learning states last before the

interface begins forwarding.

Maximum-age timer Determines the amount of time the switch stores protocol information

received on an interface.

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124085

RP DP

RP = root port DP = designated port

ML-Series

Creating the Spanning-Tree Topology

In Figure 6-1, Switch A is elected as the root switch because the switch priority of all the switches is set to the default (32768) and Switch A has the lowest MAC address. However, because of traffic patterns, number of forwarding interfaces, or link types, Switch A might not be the ideal root switch. By increasing the priority (lowering the numerical value) of the ideal switch so that it becomes the root switch, you force a spanning-tree recalculation to form a new topology with the ideal switch as the root.

Figure 6-1 Spanning-Tree Topology

STP Features

When the spanning-tree topology is calculated based on default parameters, the path between source and destination end stations in a switched network might not be ideal. For instance, connecting higher-speed links to an interface that has a higher number than the root port can cause a root-port change. The goal is to make the fastest link the root port.

Spanning-Tree Interface States

Propagation delays can occur when protocol information passes through a switched LAN. As a result, topology changes can take place at different times and at different places in a switched network. When an interface transitions directly from nonparticipation in the spanning-tree topology to the forwarding state, it can create temporary data loops. Interfaces must wait for new topology information to propagate through the switched LAN before starting to forward frames. They must allow the frame lifetime to expire for forwarded frames that have used the old topology.

Each Layer 2 interface on a switch using spanning tree exists in one of these states:

• Blocking—The interface does not participate in frame forwarding.

• Listening—The first transitional state after the blocking state when the spanning tree determines

that the interface should participate in frame forwarding.

• Learning—The interface prepares to participate in frame forwarding.

• Forwarding—The interface forwards frames.

• Disabled—The interface is not participating in spanning tree because of a shutdown port, no link on

the port, or no spanning-tree instance running on the port.

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An interface moves through these states:

1. From initialization to blocking

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Power-on

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state

Listening

state

Disabled

state

Learning

state

Forwarding

state

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2. From blocking to listening or to disabled

3. From listening to learning or to disabled

4. From learning to forwarding or to disabled

5. From forwarding to disabled

Figure 6-2 illustrates how an interface moves through the states.

Figure 6-2 Spanning-Tree Interface States

Blocking State

When you power up the switch, STP is enabled by default, and every interface in the switch, VLAN, or network goes through the blocking state and the transitory states of listening and learning. Spanning tree stabilizes each interface at the forwarding or blocking state.

When the spanning-tree algorithm places a Layer 2 interface in the forwarding state, this process occurs:

1. The interface is in the listening state while spanning tree waits for protocol information to transition

the interface to the blocking state.

2. While spanning tree waits for the forward-delay timer to expire, it moves the interface to the

learning state and resets the forward-delay timer.

3. In the learning state, the interface continues to block frame forwarding as the switch learns

end-station location information for the forwarding database.

4. When the forward-delay timer expires, spanning tree moves the interface to the forwarding state,

where both learning and frame forwarding are enabled.

A Layer 2 interface in the blocking state does not participate in frame forwarding. After initialization, a BPDU is sent to each interface in the switch. A switch initially functions as the root until it exchanges BPDUs with other switches. This exchange establishes which switch in the network is the root or root switch. If there is only one switch in the network, no exchange occurs, the forward-delay timer expires, and the interfaces move to the listening state. An interface always enters the blocking state after switch initialization.

An interface in the blocking state performs as follows:

• Discards frames received on the port

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• Discards frames switched from another interface for forwarding

• Does not learn addresses

• Receives BPDUs

Listening State

The listening state is the first state a Layer 2 interface enters after the blocking state. The interface enters this state when the spanning tree determines that the interface should participate in frame forwarding.

An interface in the listening state performs as follows:

• Discards frames received on the port

• Discards frames switched from another interface for forwarding

• Does not learn addresses

• Receives BPDUs

Learning State

STP Features

Forwarding State

Disabled State

A Layer 2 interface in the learning state prepares to participate in frame forwarding. The interface enters the learning state from the listening state.

An interface in the learning state performs as follows:

• Discards frames received on the port

• Discards frames switched from another interface for forwarding

• Learns addresses

• Receives BPDUs

A Layer 2 interface in the forwarding state forwards frames. The interface enters the forwarding state from the learning state.

An interface in the forwarding state performs as follows:

• Receives and forwards frames received on the port

• Forwards frames switched from another port

• Learns addresses

• Receives BPDUs

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A Layer 2 interface in the disabled state does not participate in frame forwarding or in the spanning tree. An interface in the disabled state is nonoperational.

A disabled interface performs as follows:

• Forwards frames switched from another interface for forwarding

• Learns addresses

• Does not receive BPDUs

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Active link

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Spanning-Tree Address Management

IEEE 802.1D specifies 17 multicast addresses, ranging from 0x00180C2000000 to 0x0180C2000010, to be used by different bridge protocols. These addresses are static addresses that cannot be removed.

The ML-Series card switches supported BPDUs (0x0180C2000000 and 01000CCCCCCD) when they are being tunneled via the protocol tunneling feature.

STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks

When you connect a Cisco switch to a non-Cisco device through an IEEE 802.1Q trunk, the Cisco switch uses PVST+ to provide spanning-tree interoperability. PVST+ is automatically enabled on IEEE 802.1Q trunks after users assign a protocol to a bridge group. The external spanning-tree behavior on access ports and Inter-Switch Link (ISL) trunk ports is not affected by PVST+.

For more information on IEEE 802.1Q trunks, see Chapter 7, “Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series

Card.”

Chapter 6 Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card

Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity

You can create a redundant backbone with spanning tree by connecting two switch interfaces to another device or to two different devices. Spanning tree automatically disables one interface but enables it if the other one fails, as shown in Figure 6-3. If one link is high speed and the other is low speed, the low-speed link is always disabled. If the speeds are the same, the port priority and port ID are added together, and spanning tree disables the link with the lowest value.

Figure 6-3 Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity

6-8

You can also create redundant links between switches by using EtherChannel groups. For more information, see Chapter 9, “Configuring Link Aggregation on the ML-Series Card.”

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Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity

The default for aging dynamic addresses is 5 minutes, which is the default setting of the bridge bridge-group-number aging-time global configuration command. However, a spanning-tree reconfiguration can cause many station locations to change. Because these stations could be unreachable for 5 minutes or more during a reconfiguration, the address-aging time is accelerated so that station addresses can be dropped from the address table and then relearned.

Because each VLAN is a separate spanning-tree instance, the switch accelerates aging on a per-VLAN basis. A spanning-tree reconfiguration on one VLAN can cause the dynamic addresses learned on that VLAN to be subject to accelerated aging. Dynamic addresses on other VLANs can be unaffected and remain subject to the aging interval entered for the switch.

RSTP Features

RSTP provides rapid convergence of the spanning tree. It improves the fault tolerance of the network because a failure in one instance (forwarding path) does not affect other instances (forwarding paths). The most common initial deployment of RSTP is in the backbone and distribution layers of a Layer 2 switched network; this deployment provides the highly available network required in a service-provider environment.

RSTP improves the operation of the spanning tree while maintaining backward compatibility with equipment that is based on the (original) IEEE 802.1D spanning tree.

RSTP Features

RSTP takes advantage of point-to-point wiring and provides rapid convergence of the spanning tree. Reconfiguration of the spanning tree can occur in less than 2 second (in contrast to 50 seconds with the default settings in the IEEE 802.1D spanning tree), which is critical for networks carrying delay-sensitive traffic such as voice and video.

These sections describe how RSTP works:

• Supported RSTP Instances, page 6-9

• Port Roles and the Active Topology, page 6-10

• Rapid Convergence, page 6-11

• Synchronization of Port Roles, page 6-12

• Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing, page 6-13

• Topology Changes, page 6-14

Supported RSTP Instances

The ML Series supports per-VLAN rapid spanning tree (PVRST) and a maximum of 255 rapid spanning-tree instances.

Caution At more than 100 RSTP instances the RSTP instances may flap and may result in MAC entries flushed,

and MAC entries learned again and again. This will cause flooding in the network.. So it is recommended to keep the RSTP instances to be less than 100, to keep system from being unstable.

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Port Roles and the Active Topology

The RSTP provides rapid convergence of the spanning tree by assigning port roles and by determining the active topology. The RSTP builds upon the IEEE 802.1D STP to select the switch with the highest switch priority (lowest numerical priority value) as the root switch as described in the “Election of the

Root Switch” section on page 6-3. Then the RSTP assigns one of these port roles to individual ports:

• Root port—Provides the best path (lowest cost) when the switch forwards packets to the root switch.

• Designated port—Connects to the designated switch, which incurs the lowest path cost when

forwarding packets from that LAN to the root switch. The port through which the designated switch is attached to the LAN is called the designated port.

• Alternate port—Offers an alternate path toward the root switch to that provided by the current root

port.

• Backup port—Acts as a backup for the path provided by a designated port toward the leaves of the

spanning tree. A backup port can exist only when two ports are connected together in a loopback by a point-to-point link or when a switch has two or more connections to a shared LAN segment.

• Disabled port—Has no role within the operation of the spanning tree.

A port with the root or a designated port role is included in the active topology. A port with the alternate or backup port role is excluded from the active topology.

Chapter 6 Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card

In a stable topology with consistent port roles throughout the network, the RSTP ensures that every root port and designated port immediately transition to the forwarding state while all alternate and backup ports are always in the discarding state (equivalent to blocking in IEEE 802.1D). The port state controls the operation of the forwarding and learning processes. Tabl e 6 -3 provides a comparison of IEEE 802.1D and RSTP port states.

Table 6-3 Port State Comparison

Is Port Included in the

Operational Status STP Port State RSTP Port State

Active Topology?

Enabled Blocking Discarding No

Enabled Listening Discarding No

Enabled Learning Learning Yes

Enabled Forwarding Forwarding Yes

Disabled Disabled Discarding No

Caution STP edge ports are bridge ports that do not need STP enabled, where loop protection is not needed out

of that port or an STP neighbor does not exist out of that port. For RSTP, it is important to disable STP on edge ports, which are typically front-side Ethernet ports, using the command bridge bridge-group-number spanning-disabled on the appropriate interface. If RSTP is not disabled on edge ports, convergence times will be excessive for packets traversing those ports.

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Note To be consistent with Cisco STP implementations, Ta b le 6-3 describes the port state as blocking instead

of discarding. Designated ports start in the listening state.

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Rapid Convergence

The RSTP provides for rapid recovery of connectivity following the failure of switch, a switch port, or a LAN. It provides rapid convergence for new root ports, and ports connected through point-to-point links as follows:

• Root ports—If the RSTP selects a new root port, it blocks the old root port and immediately

transitions the new root port to the forwarding state.

• Point-to-point links—If you connect a port to another port through a point-to-point link and the local

port becomes a designated port, it negotiates a rapid transition with the other port by using the proposal-agreement handshake to ensure a loop-free topology.

As shown in Figure 6-4, Switch A is connected to Switch B through a point-to-point link, and all of the ports are in the blocking state. Assume that the priority of Switch A is a smaller numerical value than the priority of Switch B. Switch A sends a proposal message (a configuration BPDU with the proposal flag set) to Switch B, proposing itself as the designated switch.

After receiving the proposal message, Switch B selects as its new root port the port from which the proposal message was received, forces all non-edge ports to the blocking state, and sends an agreement message (a BPDU with the agreement flag set) through its new root port.

RSTP Features

After receiving an agreement message from Switch B, Switch A also immediately transitions its designated port to the forwarding state. No loops in the network are formed because Switch B blocked all of its non-edge ports and because there is a point-to-point link between Switches A and B.

When Switch C is connected to Switch B, a similar set of handshaking messages are exchanged. Switch C selects the port connected to Switch B as its root port, and both ends immediately transition to the forwarding state. With each iteration of this handshaking process, one more switch joins the active topology. As the network converges, this proposal-agreement handshaking progresses from the root toward the leaves of the spanning tree.

The switch determines the link type from the port duplex mode: a full-duplex port is considered to have a point-to-point connection; a half-duplex port is considered to have a shared connection.

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Proposal

RPDP

124086

Agreement

Root

Switch A

Switch B

Proposal

Agreement

DP = designated port RP = root port F = forwarding

ML-Series

Root

ML-Series

Root

ML-Series

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Figure 6-4 Proposal and Agreement Handshaking for Rapid Convergence

Synchronization of Port Roles

When the switch receives a proposal message on one of its ports and that port is selected as the new root port, the RSTP forces all other ports to synchronize with the new root information. The switch is synchronized with superior root information received on the root port if all other ports are synchronized.

If a designated port is in the forwarding state, it transitions to the blocking state when the RSTP forces it to synchronize with new root information. In general, when the RSTP forces a port to synchronize with root information and the port does not satisfy any of the above conditions, its port state is set to blocking.

After ensuring all of the ports are synchronized, the switch sends an agreement message to the designated switch corresponding to its root port. When the switches connected by a point-to-point link are in agreement about their port roles, the RSTP immediately transitions the port states to forwarding. The sequence of events is shown in Figure 6-5.

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2. Block

9. Forward

1. Proposal4. Agreement

6. Proposal

Root port Designated port

8. Agreement 10. Agreement

Edge port

7. Proposal

5. Forward

3. Block

11. Forward

74008

Figure 6-5 Sequence of Events During Rapid Convergence

RSTP Features

Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing

The RSTP BPDU format is the same as the IEEE 802.1D BPDU format except that the protocol version is set to 2. A new Length field is set to zero, which means that no version 1 protocol information is present. Table 6-4 shows the RSTP flag fields.

Table 6-4 RSTP BPDU Flags

Bit Function

0 Topology change (TC)

1 Proposal

Port role:

Unknown

Alternate port

Root port

Designated port

2–3:

4Learning

5Forwarding

6 Agreement

7 Topology change acknowledgement

The sending switch sets the proposal flag in the RSTP BPDU to propose itself as the designated switch on that LAN. The port role in the proposal message is always set to the designated port.

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RSTP Features

The sending switch sets the agreement flag in the RSTP BPDU to accept the previous proposal. The port role in the agreement message is always set to the root port.

The RSTP does not have a separate topology change notification (TCN) BPDU. It uses the topology change (TC) flag to show the topology changes. However, for interoperability with IEEE 802.1D switches, the RSTP switch processes and generates TCN BPDUs.

The learning and forwarding flags are set according to the state of the sending port.

Processing Superior BPDU Information

If a port receives superior root information (lower bridge ID, lower path cost, etc.) than currently stored for the port, the RSTP triggers a reconfiguration. If the port is proposed and is selected as the new root port, RSTP forces all the other ports to synchronize.

If the BPDU received is an RSTP BPDU with the proposal flag set, the switch sends an agreement message after all of the other ports are synchronized. If the BPDU is an IEEE 802.1D BPDU, the switch does not set the proposal flag and starts the forward-delay timer for the port. The new root port requires twice the forward-delay time to transition to the forwarding state.

If the superior information received on the port causes the port to become a backup or alternate port, RSTP sets the port to the blocking state but does not send the agreement message. The designated port continues sending BPDUs with the proposal flag set until the forward-delay timer expires, at which time the port transitions to the forwarding state.

Chapter 6 Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card

Processing Inferior BPDU Information

If a designated port receives an inferior BPDU (higher bridge ID, higher path cost, etc.) than currently stored for the port with a designated port role, it immediately replies with its own information.

Topology Changes

This section describes the differences between the RSTP and the IEEE 802.1D in handling spanning-tree topology changes.

• Detection—Unlike IEEE 802.1D, in which any transition between the blocking and the forwarding

state causes a topology change, only transitions from the blocking to the forwarding state cause a topology change with RSTP. (Only an increase in connectivity is considered a topology change.) State changes on an edge port do not cause a topology change. When an RSTP switch detects a topology change, it flushes the learned information on all of its non-edge ports.

• Notification—Unlike IEEE 802.1D, which uses TCN BPDUs, the RSTP does not use them.

However, for IEEE 802.1D interoperability, an RSTP switch processes and generates TCN BPDUs.

• Acknowledgement—When an RSTP switch receives a TCN message on a designated port from an

IEEE 802.1D switch, it replies with an IEEE 802.1D configuration BPDU with the topology change acknowledgement bit set. However, if the timer (the same as the topology-change timer in IEEE 802.1D) is active on a root port connected to an IEEE 802.1D switch and a configuration BPDU with the topology change acknowledgement bit set is received, the timer is reset.

This behavior is only required to support IEEE 802.1D switches. The RSTP BPDUs never have the topology change acknowledgement bit set.

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• Propagation—When an RSTP switch receives a TC message from another switch through a

designated or root port, it propagates the topology change to all of its non-edge, edge, designated ports, and root port (excluding the port on which it is received). The switch starts the TC-while timer for all such ports and flushes the information learned on them.

• Protocol migration—For backward compatibility with IEEE 802.1D switches, RSTP selectively

sends IEEE 802.1D configuration BPDUs and TCN BPDUs on a per-port basis.

When a port is initialized, the timer is started (which specifies the minimum time during which RSTP BPDUs are sent), and RSTP BPDUs are sent. While this timer is active, the switch processes all BPDUs received on that port and ignores the protocol type.

If the switch receives an IEEE 802.1D BPDU after the port’s migration-delay timer has expired, it assumes that it is connected to an IEEE 802.1D switch and starts using only IEEE 802.1D BPDUs. However, if the RSTP switch is using IEEE 802.1D BPDUs on a port and receives an RSTP BPDU after the timer has expired, it restarts the timer and starts using RSTP BPDUs on that port.

Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP

A switch running RSTP supports a built-in protocol migration mechanism that enables it to interoperate with legacy IEEE 802.1D switches. If this switch receives a legacy IEEE 802.1D configuration BPDU (a BPDU with the protocol version set to 0), it sends only IEEE 802.1D BPDUs on that port.

Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP

However, the switch does not automatically revert to the RSTP mode if it no longer receives IEEE 802.1D BPDUs because it cannot determine whether the legacy switch has been removed from the link unless the legacy switch is the designated switch. Also, a switch might continue to assign a boundary role to a port when the switch to which this switch is connected has joined the region.

Configuring STP and RSTP Features

These sections describe how to configure spanning-tree features:

• Default STP and RSTP Configuration, page 6-16

• Disabling STP and RSTP, page 6-16

• Configuring the Root Switch, page 6-17

• Configuring the Port Priority, page 6-17

• Configuring the Path Cost, page 6-18

• Configuring the Switch Priority of a Bridge Group, page 6-18

• Configuring the Hello Time, page 6-19

• Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a Bridge Group, page 6-20

• Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a Bridge Group, page 6-20

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Default STP and RSTP Configuration

Table 6-5 shows the default STP and RSTP configuration.

Table 6-5 Default STP and RSTP Configuration

Feature Default Setting

Enable state Up to 255 spanning-tree instances

Switch priority 32768 + Bridge ID

Spanning-tree port priority (configurable on a per-interface basis—used on interfaces configured as Layer 2 access ports)

Spanning-tree port cost (configurable on a per-interface basis) 100 Mbps: 19

Hello time 2 seconds

Forward-delay time 15 seconds

Maximum-aging time 20 seconds

Chapter 6 Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card

can be enabled.

128

10 Mbps: 100

STS-1: 37

Disabling STP and RSTP

STP is enabled by default on the native VLAN 1 and on all newly created VLANs up to the specified spanning-tree limit of 255. Disable STP only if you are sure there are no loops in the network topology.

Caution STP edge ports are bridge ports that do not need STP enabled—where loop protection is not needed out

Caution When STP is disabled and loops are present in the topology, excessive traffic and indefinite packet

duplication can drastically reduce network performance.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to disable STP or RSTP on a per-VLAN basis:

Command Purpose

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Step 4

ML_Series# configure terminal

ML_Series(config)# interface

ML_Series(config-if)# bridge-group

bridge-group-number

ML_Series(config-if)# end

interface-id

spanning disabled

Enters the global configuration mode.

Enters the interface configuration mode.

Disables STP or RSTP on a per-interface basis.

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

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To reenable STP, use the no bridge-group bridge-group-number spanning disabled interface-level configuration command.

Configuring the Root Switch

The switch maintains a separate spanning-tree instance for each active VLAN configured on it. A bridge ID, consisting of the switch priority and the switch MAC address, is associated with each instance. For each VLAN, the switch with the lowest bridge ID becomes the root switch for that VLAN.

Note If your network consists of switches that both do and do not support the extended system ID, it is unlikely

that the switch with the extended system ID support will become the root switch. The extended system ID increases the switch priority value every time the bridge ID is greater than the priority of the connected switches that are running older software.

Configuring the Port Priority

Configuring STP and RSTP Features

Step 1 Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

If a loop occurs, spanning tree uses the port priority when selecting an interface to put into the forwarding state. You can assign higher priority values (lower numerical values) to interfaces that you want selected first, and lower priority values (higher numerical values) that you want selected last. If all interfaces have the same priority value, spanning tree puts the interface with the lowest interface number in the forwarding state and blocks the other interfaces.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the port priority of an interface:

Command Purpose

ML_Series# configure terminal

ML_Series(config)# interface

interface-id

Enters the global configuration mode.

Enters the interface configuration mode, and specifies an interface to configure.

Valid interfaces include physical interfaces and port-channel logical interfaces (port-channel port-channel-number).

ML_Series(config-if)# bridge-group

bridge-group-number priority-value

Configures the port priority for an interface that is an access port.

For the priority-value, the range is 0 to 255; the default is 128 in increments of 16. The lower the number, the higher the priority.

ML_Series(config-if)# end

Return to privileged EXEC mode.

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Configuring the Path Cost

The spanning-tree path cost default value is derived from the media speed of an interface. If a loop occurs, spanning tree uses cost when selecting an interface to put in the forwarding state. You can assign lower cost values to interfaces that you want selected first and higher cost values to interfaces that you want selected last. If all interfaces have the same cost value, spanning tree puts the interface with the lowest interface number in the forwarding state and blocks the other interfaces.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the cost of an interface:

Command Purpose

Step 1 Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

ML_Series# configure terminal

ML_Series(config)# interface

interface-id

ML_Series(config-if)#

bridge-group

bridge-group-number cost

ML_Series(config-if)# end

path-cost

Chapter 6 Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card

Enters the global configuration mode.

Enters the interface configuration mode and specifies an interface to configure.

Valid interfaces include physical interfaces and port-channel logical interfaces (port-channel port-channel-number).

Configures the cost for an interface that is an access port.

If a loop occurs, spanning tree uses the path cost when selecting an interface to place into the forwarding state. A lower path cost represents higher-speed transmission.

For cost, the range is 0 to 65535; the default value is derived from the media speed of the interface.

Returns to the privileged EXEC mode.

Note The show spanning-tree interface interface-id privileged EXEC command displays information only

for ports that are in a link-up operative state. Otherwise, you can use the show running-config privileged EXEC command to confirm the configuration.

To return the interface to its default setting, use the no bridge-group bridge-group-number path-cost cost command.

Configuring the Switch Priority of a Bridge Group

You can configure the switch priority and make it more likely that the switch will be chosen as the root switch.

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Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the switch priority of a bridge group:

Command Purpose

Step 1 Step 2

Step 3

ML_Series# configure terminal

ML_Series(config)# bridge

bridge-group-number priority-number

ML_Series(config)# end

priority

To return the switch to its default setting, use the no bridge bridge-group-number priority priority-number command.

Configuring STP and RSTP Features

Enters the global configuration mode.

Configures the switch priority of a bridge group.

For priority, the range is 0 to 61440 in increments of 4096; the default is 32768. The lower the number, the more likely the switch will be chosen as the root switch.

The value entered is rounded to the lower multiple of 4096. The actual number is computed by adding this number to the bridge group number.

Return to the privileged EXEC mode.

Configuring the Hello Time

Change the hello time to configure the interval between the generation of configuration messages by the root switch.

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the hello time of a bridge group:

Command Purpose

Step 1 Step 2

Step 3

ML_Series# configure terminal

ML_Series(config)# bridge

bridge-group-number seconds

ML_Series(config)# end

To return the switch to its default setting, use the no bridge bridge-group-number hello-time seconds command. The number for seconds should be the same number as configured in the original command.

hello-time

Enters global configuration mode.

Configures the hello time of a bridge group. The hello time is the interval between the generation of configuration messages by the root switch. These messages mean that the switch is alive.

For seconds, the range is 1 to 10; the default is 2.

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

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Verifying and Monitoring STP and RSTP Status

Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a Bridge Group

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the forwarding-delay time for a bridge group:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

ML_Series# configure terminal

ML_Series(config)# bridge

bridge-group-number

forward-time

seconds

Enters global configuration mode.

Configures the forward time of a VLAN. The forward delay is the number of seconds a port waits before changing from its spanning-tree learning and listening states to the forwarding state.

For seconds, the range is 4 to 200; the default is 15.

ML_Series(config)# end

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

To return the switch to its default setting, use the no bridge bridge-group-number forward-time seconds command. The number for seconds should be the same number as configured in the original command.

Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a Bridge Group

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure the maximum-aging time for a bridge group:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

ML_Series# configure terminal

ML_Series(config)# bridge

bridge-group-number seconds

max-age

Enters global configuration mode.

Configures the maximum-aging time of a bridge group. The maximum-aging time is the number of seconds a switch waits without receiving spanning-tree configuration messages before attempting a reconfiguration.

For seconds, the range is 6 to 200; the default is 20.

Step 3

ML_Series(config)# end

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

To return the switch to its default setting, use the no bridge bridge-group-number max-age seconds command. The number for seconds should be the same number as configured in the original command.

Verifying and Monitoring STP and RSTP Status

To display the STP or RSTP status, use one or more of the privileged EXEC commands in Table 6 - 6 .

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Table 6-6 Commands for Displaying Spanning-Tree Status

Command Purpose

ML_Series# show spanning-tree

brief

ML_Series# show spanning-tree interface

ML_Series# show spanning-tree summary

interface-id

[totals]

Note The show spanning-tree interface interface-id privileged EXEC command displays information only

if the port is in a link-up operative state. Otherwise, you can use the show running-config interface privileged EXEC command to confirm the configuration.

Examples of the show spanning-tree privileged EXEC commands are shown here:

Verifying and Monitoring STP and RSTP Status

Displays detailed STP or RSTP information.

Displays brief summary of STP or RSTP information.

Displays STP or RSTP information for the specified interface.

Displays a summary of port states or displays the total lines of the STP or RSTP state section.

Example 6-1 show spanning-tree Commands

ML_Series# show spanning-tree brief

Bridge group 1 is executing the rstp compatible Spanning Tree protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, sysid 1, address 000b.fcfa.339e Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 We are the root of the spanning tree Topology change flag not set, detected flag not set Number of topology changes 1 last change occurred 1w1d ago from POS0.1 Times: hold 1, topology change 35, notification 2 hello 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Timers: hello 0, topology change 0, notification 0, aging 300

Port 3 (FastEthernet0) of Bridge group 1 is designated disabled Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.3. Designated root has priority 32769, address 000b.fcfa.339e Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 000b.fcfa.339e Designated port id is 128.3, designated path cost 0 Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 Number of transitions to forwarding state: 0 Link type is point-to-point by default BPDU: sent 0, received 0

ML_Series# show spanning-tree interface fastethernet 0 Port 3 (FastEthernet0) of Bridge group 1 is designated disabled Port path cost 19, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.3. Designated root has priority 32769, address 000b.fcfa.339e Designated bridge has priority 32769, address 000b.fcfa.339e Designated port id is 128.3, designated path cost 0 Timers: message age 0, forward delay 0, hold 0 Number of transitions to forwarding state: 0 Link type is point-to-point by default BPDU: sent 0, received 0

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ML_Series# show spanning-tree summary totals Switch is in pvst mode Root bridge for: Bridge group 1-Bridge group 8

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Name Blocking Listening Learning Forwarding STP Active

---------------------- -------- --------- -------- ---------- ---------8 bridges 8 0 0 0 16

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CHA PTER

Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series Card

This chapter describes VLAN configurations for the ML-Series card. It describes how to configure IEEE 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation. For more information about the Cisco IOS commands used in this chapter, refer to the Cisco IOS Command Reference publication.

This chapter contains the following major sections:

• Understanding VLANs, page 7-1

• Configuring IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation, page 7-2

• IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Configuration, page 7-3

• Monitoring and Verifying VLAN Operation, page 7-5

Note Configuring VLANs is optional. Complete general interface configurations before proceeding with

configuring VLANs as an optional step.

Understanding VLANs

VLANs enable network managers to group users logically rather than by physical location. A VLAN is an emulation of a standard LAN that allows secure intragroup data transfer and communication to occur without the traditional restraints placed on the network. It can also be considered a broadcast domain that is set up within a switch. With VLANs, switches can support more than one subnet (or VLAN) on each switch and give routers and switches the opportunity to support multiple subnets on a single physical link. A group of devices that belong to the same VLAN, but are part of different LAN segments, are configured to communicate as if they were part of the same LAN segment.

VLANs enable efficient traffic separation and provide excellent bandwidth utilization. VLANs also alleviate scaling issues by logically segmenting the physical LAN structure into different subnetworks so that packets are switched only between ports within the same VLAN. This can be very useful for security, broadcast containment, and accounting.

ML-Series software supports port-based VLANs and VLAN trunk ports, which are ports that carry the traffic of multiple VLANs. Each frame transmitted on a trunk link is tagged as belonging to only one VLAN.

ML-Series software supports VLAN frame encapsulation through the IEEE 802.1Q standard. The Cisco Inter-Switch Link (ISL) VLAN frame encapsulation is not supported. ISL frames are broadcast at Layer 2 or dropped at Layer 3.

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Host station

VLAN 10

VLAN 2

VLAN 10

VLAN 2 VLAN 2

Fast Ethernet 3

ML-Series

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Fast Ethernet 1 Fast Ethernet 4

POS 0.10 POS 0. 2

Fast Ethernet 2

ML-Series switching supports up to 254 VLAN subinterfaces per interface. A maximum of 255 logical VLANs can be bridged per card (limited by the number of bridge-groups). Each VLAN subinterface can be configured for any VLAN ID in the full 1 to 4095 range. Figure 7-1 shows a network topology in which two VLANs span two ONS 15310-CLs with ML-Series cards.

Figure 7-1 VLANs Spanning Devices in a Network

Chapter 7 Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series Card

Configuring IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation

You can configure IEEE 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation on either type of ML-Series card interfaces, Ethernet or Packet over SONET/SDH (POS). VLAN encapsulation is not supported on POS interfaces configured with HDLC encapsulation.

The native VLAN is always VLAN ID 1 on ML-Series cards. Frames on the native VLAN are normally transmitted and received untagged. On an trunk port, all frames from VLANs other than the native VLAN are transmitted and received tagged.

To configure VLANs using IEEE 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation, perform the following procedure, beginning in global configuration mode:

Command Purpose

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

ML_Series(config)# bridge

bridge-group-number

ML_Series(config)# interface

number.subinterface-number

ML_Series(config-subif)# encap dot1q

vlan-id

ML_Series(config-subif)# bridge-group

bridge-group

number

protocol

type

type number

type

Assigns a bridge group (VLAN) number and define the appropriate spanning tree type.

Enters interface configuration mode to configure the interface.

Enters subinterface configuration mode to configure the subinterface.

Sets the encapsulation format on the VLAN to IEEE 802.1Q.

Assigns a network interface to a bridge group.

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Command Purpose

Step 6 Step 7

Note In a bridge group on the ML-Series card, the VLAN ID does not have to be uniform across interfaces

ML_Series(config-subif)# end

ML_Series# copy running-config

startup-config

that belong to that bridge group. For example, a bridge-group can connect from a VLAN ID subinterface to a subinterface with a different VLAN ID, and then frames entering with one VLAN ID can be changed to exit with a different VLAN ID. This is know as VLAN translation.

Note IP routing is enabled by default. To enable bridging, enter the no ip routing or bridge IRB command.

Note Native VLAN frames transmitted on the interface are normally untagged. All untagged frames received

on the interface are associated with the native VLAN, which is always VLAN 1. Use the command encapsulation dot1q 1 native.

IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Configuration

Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

(Optional) Saves your configuration changes to NVRAM.

IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Configuration

The VLAN configuration example for the ML-Series card shown in Figure 7-2 depicts the following VLANs:

• Fast Ethernet subinterface 0.1 is in the IEEE 802.1Q native VLAN 1.

• Fast Ethernet subinterface 0.2 is in the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN 2.

• Fast Ethernet subinterface 0.3 is in the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN 3.

• Fast Ethernet subinterface 0.4 is in the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN 4.

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IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Configuration

ML-Series

POS 0POS 0

Router_A

Router_B

124090

SONET/SDH

Fast Ethernet 0.1

Host station

VLAN 2

Host station Host station

VLAN 3

VLAN 4

Fast Ethernet 0.3

Fast Ethernet 0.2

Fast Ethernet 0.4

Switch

802.1.Q Fast Ethernet 0.1

Host station

VLAN 2

Host station Host station

VLAN 3

VLAN 4

Fast Ethernet 0.3

Fast Ethernet 0.2

Fast Ethernet 0.4

Switch

802.1.Q

Native VLAN 1

Figure 7-2 Bridging IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

Chapter 7 Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series Card

Example 7-1 shows how to configure VLANs for IEEE 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation. Use this

configuration for both ML_Series A and ML_Series B.

Example 7-1 Configure VLANs for IEEE 8021Q VLAN Encapsulation

no ip routing bridge 1 protocol ieee bridge 2 protocol ieee bridge 3 protocol ieee bridge 4 protocol ieee ! ! interface FastEthernet0 ! interface FastEthernet0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native bridge-group 1 ! interface FastEthernet0.2 encapsulation dot1Q 2 bridge-group 2 ! interface FastEthernet0.3 encapsulation dot1Q 3 bridge-group 3 ! interface FastEthernet0.4 encapsulation dot1Q 4 bridge-group 4 ! interface POS0 ! interface POS0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native bridge-group 1

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! interface POS0.2 encapsulation dot1Q 2 bridge-group 2 ! interface POS0.3 encapsulation dot1Q 3 bridge-group 3 ! interface POS0.4 encapsulation dot1Q 4 bridge-group 4

Monitoring and Verifying VLAN Operation

After the VLANs are configured on the ML-Series card, you can monitor their operation by entering the privileged EXEC command show vlans [vlan-id] (Example 7-2). This command displays information on all configured VLANs or on a specific VLAN (by VLAN ID number).

Monitoring and Verifying VLAN Operation

Example 7-2 Output for show vlans Command

ML-Series# show vlans 1

Virtual LAN ID: 1 (IEEE 802.1Q Encapsulation)

vLAN Trunk Interface: POS0.1

This is configured as native Vlan for the following interface(s) : POS0

Protocols Configured: Address: Received: Transmitted: Bridging Bridge Group 1 0 0

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Monitoring and Verifying VLAN Operation

Chapter 7 Configuring VLANs on the ML-Series Card

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CHA PTER

Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling on the ML-Series Card

Virtual private networks (VPNs) provide enterprise-scale connectivity on a shared infrastructure, often Ethernet-based, with the same security, prioritization, reliability, and manageability requirements of private networks. Tunneling is a feature designed for service providers who carry traffic of multiple customers across their networks and are required to maintain the VLAN and Layer 2 protocol configurations of each customer without impacting the traffic of other customers. The ML-Series cards support IEEE 802.1Q tunneling (QinQ) and Layer 2 protocol tunneling.

This chapter contains the following sections:

• Understanding IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling, page 8-1

• Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling, page 8-4

• Understanding VLAN-Transparent and VLAN-Specific Services, page 8-6

• VLAN-Transparent and VLAN-Specific Services Configuration Example, page 8-7

• Understanding Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling, page 8-9

• Configuring Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling, page 8-9

Understanding IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling

Business customers of service providers often have specific requirements for VLAN IDs and the number of VLANs to be supported. The VLAN ranges required by different customers in the same service-provider network might overlap, and traffic of customers through the infrastructure might be mixed. Assigning a unique range of VLAN IDs to each customer would restrict customer configurations and could easily exceed the IEEE 802.1Q specification VLAN limit of 4096.

Using the IEEE 802.1Q tunneling (QinQ) feature, service providers can use a single VLAN to support customers who have multiple VLANs. Customer VLAN IDs are preserved and traffic from different customers is segregated within the service-provider infrastructure even when they appear to be on the same VLAN. The IEEE 802.1Q tunneling expands VLAN space by using a VLAN-in-VLAN hierarchy and tagging the tagged packets. A port configured to support IEEE 802.1Q tunneling is called a tunnel port. When you configure tunneling, you assign a tunnel port to a VLAN that is dedicated to tunneling. Each customer requires a separate VLAN, but that VLAN supports all of the customer’s VLANs.

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Understanding IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling

Customer A

VLANs 1 to 100

Customer B

VLANs 1 to 200

Customer B

VLANs 1 to 200

Customer A

VLANs 1 to 100

Tunnel port VLAN 40

Tunnel port

VLAN 40

Trunk Asymmetric link

Tunnel port

VLAN 30

POS

Switch_A

SONET STS-N

Switch_B

Fast Ethernet 1

Fast Ethernet 0

Fast Ethernet 1

Fast Ethernet 0

124095

Tunnel port

VLAN 30

ML-Series

Customer traffic tagged in the normal way with appropriate VLAN IDs comes from an IEEE 802.1Q trunk port on the customer device and into a tunnel port on the ML-Series card. The link between the customer device and the ML-Series card is an asymmetric link because one end is configured as an IEEE 802.1Q trunk port and the other end is configured as a tunnel port. You assign the tunnel port interface to an access VLAN ID unique to each customer (Figure 8-1).

Figure 8-1 IEEE 802.1Q Tunnel Ports in a Service-Provider Network

Chapter 8 Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling on the ML-Series Card

8-2

Packets coming from the customer trunk port into the tunnel port on the ML-Series card are normally IEEE 802.1Q-tagged with an appropriate VLAN ID. The tagged packets remain intact inside the ML-Series card and, when they exit the trunk port into the service provider network, are encapsulated with another layer of an IEEE 802.1Q tag (called the metro tag) that contains the VLAN ID unique to the customer. The original IEEE 802.1Q tag from the customer is preserved in the encapsulated packet. Therefore, packets entering the service-provider infrastructure are double-tagged, with the outer tag containing the customer’s access VLAN ID, and the inner VLAN ID being the VLAN of the incoming traffic.

When the double-tagged packet enters another trunk port in a service provider ML-Series card, the outer tag is stripped as the packet is processed inside the switch. When the packet exits another trunk port on the same core switch, the same metro tag is again added to the packet. Figure 8-2 shows the structure of the double-tagged packet.

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Chapter 8 Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling on the ML-Series Card

Double-tagged frame in service provider infrastructure

IEE 802.1Q frame from customer network

Original Ethernet frame

Destination

address

Length/

EtherType

Frame Check

Sequence

Source

address

SADA Len/Etype Data FCS

SADA Len/Etype DataEtype Tag FCS

SADA Len/Etype DataEtype Ta g Etype Ta g FCS

74072

Figure 8-2 Normal, IEEE 802.1Q, and IEEE 802.1Q-Tunneled Ethernet Packet Formats

Understanding IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling

When the packet enters the trunk port of the service-provider egress switch, the outer tag is again stripped as the packet is processed internally on the switch. However, the metro tag is not added when it is sent out the tunnel port on the edge switch into the customer network, and the packet is sent as a normal IEEE 802.1Q-tagged frame to preserve the original VLAN numbers in the customer network.

In Figure 8-1 on page 8-2, Customer A was assigned VLAN 30, and Customer B was assigned VLAN 40. Packets entering the ML-Series card tunnel ports with IEEE 802.1Q tags are double-tagged when they enter the service-provider network, with the outer tag containing VLAN ID 30 or 40, appropriately, and the inner tag containing the original VLAN number, for example, VLAN 100. Even if both Customers A and B have VLAN 100 in their networks, the traffic remains segregated within the service-provider network because the outer tag is different. With IEEE 802.1Q tunneling, each customer controls its own VLAN numbering space, which is independent of the VLAN numbering space used by other customers and the VLAN numbering space used by the service-provider network.

At the outbound tunnel port, the original VLAN numbers on the customer’s network are recovered. If the traffic coming from a customer network is not tagged (native VLAN frames), these packets are bridged or routed as if they were normal packets, and the metro tag is added (as a single-level tag) when they exit toward the service provider network.

If the native VLAN (VLAN 1) is used in the service provider network as a metro tag, this tag must always be added to the customer traffic, even though the native VLAN ID is not normally added to transmitted frames. If the VLAN 1 metro tag is not added on frames entering the service provider network, then the customer VLAN tag appears to be the metro tag, with disastrous results. The global configuration vlan dot1q tag native command must be used to prevent this by forcing a tag to be added to VLAN 1. Avoiding the use of VLAN 1 as a metro tag transporting customer traffic is recommended to reduce the risk of misconfiguration. A best practice is to use VLAN 1 as a private management VLAN in the service provider network.

The IEEE 802.1Q class of service (COS) priority field on the added metro tag is set to zero by default,

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Chapter 8 Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling on the ML-Series Card

Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling

This section includes the following information about configuring IEEE 802.1Q tunneling:

• IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Compatibility with Other Features, page 8-4

• Configuring an IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Port, page 8-4

• IEEE 802.1Q Example, page 8-5

Note By default, IEEE 802.1Q tunneling is not configured on the ML-Series.

IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling and Compatibility with Other Features

Although IEEE 802.1Q tunneling works well for Layer 2 packet switching, there are incompatibilities with some Layer 2 features and with Layer 3 switching:

• A tunnel port cannot be a routed port.

• Tunnel ports do not support IP access control lists (ACLs).

• Layer 3 quality of service (QoS) ACLs and other QoS features related to Layer 3 information are

not supported on tunnel ports. MAC-based QoS is supported on tunnel ports.

• EtherChannel port groups are compatible with tunnel ports as long as the IEEE 802.1Q

configuration is consistent within an EtherChannel port group.

• Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) and Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD) Protocol are not

supported on IEEE 802.1Q tunnel ports.

• Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) is not compatible with IEEE 802.1Q tunneling because you must

manually configure asymmetric links with tunnel ports and trunk ports.

• Loopback detection is supported on IEEE 802.1Q tunnel ports.

• When a port is configured as an IEEE 802.1Q tunnel port, spanning tree bridge protocol data unit

(BPDU) filtering is automatically disabled on the interface.

Configuring an IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling Port

Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to configure a port as an IEEE 802.1Q tunnel port:

Command Purpose

Step 1 Step 2

Step 3

ML_Series# configure terminal

ML_Series(config)# bridge

bridge-number

ML_Series(config)# interface

fastethernet

protocol

number

bridge-protocol

Enters global configuration mode.

Creates a bridge number and specifies a protocol.

Enters the interface configuration mode and the interface to be configured as a tunnel port. This should be the edge port in the service-provider network that connects to the customer switch. Valid interfaces include physical interfaces and port-channel logical interfaces.

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Cisco 15310-MA, 15310-CL User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

CONTENTS

Preface

Revision History

Document Objectives

Audience

Related Documentation

Document Conventions

Obtaining Optical Networking Information

Where to Find Safety and Warning Information

Cisco Optical Networking Product Documentation CD-ROM

Obtaining Documentation, Obtaining Support, and Security Guidelines

Overview of the ML-Series Card

ML-Series Card Description

ML-Series Feature List

Key ML-Series Features

Cisco IOS

GFP-F Framing

Link Aggregation (FEC and POS)

RMON

SNMP

CTC Operations on the ML-Series Card

Displaying ML-Series POS Statistics in CTC

Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Statistics in CTC

Displaying ML-Series Ethernet Ports Provisioning Information on CTC

Displaying ML-Series POS Ports Provisioning Information on CTC

Displaying SONET Alarms

Displaying J1 Path Trace

Provisioning SONET Circuits

Initial Configuration of the ML-Series Card

Hardware Installation

Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Card

Opening a Cisco IOS Session Using CTC

Telnetting to the Node IP Address and Slot Number

Telnetting to a Management Port

ML-Series IOS CLI Console Port

RJ-11 to RJ-45 Console Cable Adapter

Connecting a PC or Terminal to the Console Port

Startup Configuration File

Manually Creating a Startup Configuration File Through the Serial Console Port

Passwords

Configuring the Management Port

Configuring the Hostname

Loading a Cisco IOS Startup Configuration File Through CTC

Database Restore of the Startup Configuration File

Cisco IOS Command Modes

Using the Command Modes

Exit

Getting Help

Configuring Interfaces on the ML-Series Card

General Interface Guidelines

MAC Addresses

Interface Port ID

Basic Interface Configuration

Basic Fast Ethernet and POS Interface Configuration

Configuring the Fast Ethernet Interfaces

Configuring the POS Interfaces

Monitoring Operations on the Fast Ethernet Interfaces

Configuring POS on the ML-Series Card

Understanding POS on the ML-Series Card

Available Circuit Sizes and Combinations

LCAS Support

J1 Path Trace, and SONET Alarms

Configuring the POS Interface

Framing Mode, Encapsulation, Scrambling, MTU and CRC Support

Configuring POS Interface Framing Mode

Configuring POS Interface Encapsulation Type Under GFP-F Framing

SONET Alarms

Configuring SONET Alarms

Configuring SONET Delay Triggers

Monitoring and Verifying POS

Configuring STP and RSTP on the ML-Series Card

STP Features

STP Overview

Supported STP Instances

Bridge Protocol Data Units

Election of the Root Switch