Avaya Line User Manual

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Conﬁguring Line Services

BayStream Multiservice Software Version 7.0 BayStream Site Manager Software Version 7.0

Part No. 115391-A Rev. A November 1996

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4401 Great America Parkway 8 Federal Street Santa Clara, CA 95054 Billerica, MA 01821

and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty . Users must take full responsibility for their applications of an y products speciﬁed in this document. The information in this document is proprietary to Bay Networks, Inc.

The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license. A summary of the Software License is included in this document.

Restricted Rights Legend

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013.

Notice for All Other Executive Agencies

Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to, or accompany the delivery of, this computer software, the rights of the United States Government regarding its use, reproduction, and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19.

Trademarks of Bay Networks, Inc.

ACE, AFN, AN, BCN, BLN, BN, BNX, CN, FN, FRE, GAME, LN, Optivity, PPX, SynOptics, SynOptics Communications, Wellﬂeet and the Wellﬂeet logo are registered trademarks and ANH, ASN, Bay•SIS, BayStream, BCNX, BLNX, EZ Install, EZ Internetwork, EZ LAN, PathMan, PhonePlus, Quick2Conﬁg, RouterMan, SPEX, Bay Networks, Bay Networks Press, the Bay Networks logo and the SynOptics logo are trademarks of Bay Networks, Inc.

Third-Party T rademarks

All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Statement of Conditions

In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, Bay Networks, Inc. reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice.

Bay Networks, Inc. does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein.

Portions of the code in this software product are Copyright © 1988, Regents of the Univ ersity of California. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without speciﬁc prior written permission.

SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

In addition, the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure (that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties).

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Bay Networks Software License

Note:

This is Bay Networks basic license document. In the absence of a software license agreement specifying varying terms, this license -- or the license included with the particular product -- shall govern licensee’s use of Bay Networks software.

This Software License shall govern the licensing of all software provided to licensee by Bay Networks (“Software”). Bay Networks will provide licensee with Software in machine-readable form and related documentation (“Documentation”). The Software provided under this license is proprietary to Bay Networks and to third parties from whom Bay Networks has acquired license rights. Bay Networks will not grant any Software license whatsoev er , either explicitly or implicitly, except by acceptance of an order for either Software or for a Bay Networks product (“Equipment”) that is packaged with Software. Each such license is subject to the following restrictions:

1. Upon delivery of the Software, Bay Networks grants to licensee a personal, nontransferable, none xclusiv e license to use the Software with the Equipment with which or for which it was originally acquired, including use at any of licensee’s facilities to which the Equipment may be transferred, for the useful life of the Equipment unless earlier terminated by default or cancellation. Use of the Software shall be limited to such Equipment and to such facility. Software which is licensed for use on hardware not offered by Bay Networks is not subject to restricted use on any Equipment, however, unless otherwise speciﬁed on the Documentation, each licensed copy of such Software may only be installed on one hardware item at any time.

2. Licensee may use the Software with backup Equipment only if the Equipment with which or for which it was acquired is inoperative.

3. Licensee may make a single copy of the Software (but not ﬁrmware) for safekeeping (archives) or backup purposes.

4. Licensee may modify Software (but not ﬁrmware), or combine it with other software, subject to the provision that those portions of the resulting software which incorporate Software are subject to the restrictions of this license. Licensee shall not make the resulting software available for use by any third party.

5. Neither title nor ownership to Software passes to licensee.

6. Licensee shall not provide, or otherwise make available, any Software, in whole or in part, in any form, to any third party. Third parties do not include consultants, subcontractors, or agents of licensee who have licensee’s permission to use the Software at licensee’s facility, and who have agreed in writing to use the Software only in accordance with the restrictions of this license.

7. Third-party owners from whom Bay Networks has acquired license rights to software that is incorporated into Bay Networks products shall have the right to enforce the provisions of this license against licensee.

8. Licensee shall not remove or obscure any copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret, or similar intellectual property or restricted rights notice within or afﬁxed to any Software and shall reproduce and afﬁx such notice on any backup copy of Software or copies of software resulting from modiﬁcation or combination performed by licensee as permitted by this license.

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Bay Networks Software License

9. Licensee shall not reverse assemble, reverse compile, or in any way reverse engineer the Software. [Note: For licensees in the European Community, the Softw are Directiv e dated 14 May 1991 (as may be amended from time to time) shall apply for interoperability purposes. Licensee must notify Bay Networks in writing of any such intended examination of the Software and Bay Networks may provide review and assistance.]

10. Notwithstanding any foregoing terms to the contrary, if licensee licenses the Bay Networks product “Site Manager,” licensee may duplicate and install the Site Manager product as speciﬁed in the Documentation. This right is granted solely as necessary for use of Site Manager on hardware installed with licensee’s network.

11. This license will automatically terminate upon improper handling of Software, such as by disclosure, or Bay Networks may terminate this license by written notice to licensee if licensee fails to comply with any of the material provisions of this license and fails to cure such failure within thirty (30) days after the receipt of written notice from Bay Networks. Upon termination of this license, licensee shall discontinue all use of the Software and return the Software and Documentation, including all copies, to Bay Networks.

12. Licensee’s obligations under this license shall survive expiration or termination of this license.

(continued)

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About This Guide

Audience .........................................................................................................................xxii

Before You Begin ............................................................................................................xxii

Conventions ....................................................................................................................xxii

Acronyms .......................................................................................................................xxiii

Ordering Bay Networks Publications .............................................................................xxvi

Technical Support and Online Services

Bay Networks Customer Service .................................................................................xxviii

Bay Networks Information Services ...............................................................................xxix

World Wide Web ......................................................................................................xxix

Customer Service FTP ............................................................................................xxix

Support Source CD ..................................................................................................xxx

CompuServe ............................................................................................................xxx

InfoFACTS ............................................................................................................... xxxi

How to Get Help ......................................................................................................xxxi

Chapter 1 Getting Started

What’s the Default? ........................................................................................................1-1

Accessing Line Services with Site Manager ...................................................................1-2

Chapter 2 About Line Protocols

Overview of LAN Protocols .............................................................................................2-1

Ethernet Overview ...................................................................................................2-2

Data Flow ..........................................................................................................2-2

Medium Access Control .....................................................................................2-2

Ethernet Frame Formats ....................................................................................2-3

Ethernet Media ..................................................................................................2-3

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Ethernet T opologies ...........................................................................................2-4

FDDI Overview .........................................................................................................2-5

The FDDI Standard ...........................................................................................2-6

FDDI Dual Counter-Rotating Ring Architecture .................................................2-7

FDDI Ring Operation .........................................................................................2-9

FDDI Ring Maintenance ..................................................................................2-10

FDDI SMT ........................................................................................................2-11

FDDI Hardware ................................................................................................2-13

Token Ring Overview .............................................................................................2-14

Token Ring Topology ........................................................................................2-14

Data Flow and Media Access Control .............................................................2-15

Overview of WAN Protocols ..........................................................................................2-16

E1 Overview ...........................................................................................................2-16

HSSI Overview .......................................................................................................2-17

ISDN Overview .......................................................................................................2-17

MCE1 and MCT1 Overview ...................................................................................2-18

Synchronous Overview ..........................................................................................2-18

T1 Overview ...........................................................................................................2-19

Frame Formats ................................................................................................2-19

Bipolar Format .................................................................................................2-22

DSU/CSU ........................................................................................................2-23

Chapter 3 Customizing LAN Interfaces

Editing CSMA/CD Lines .................................................................................................3-1

Enabling or Disabling an Ethernet Interface .............................................................3-2

Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages ........................................................3-2

Setting the BofL Interval ...........................................................................................3-2

Setting the 100-Mb/s Interface Line Speed ..............................................................3-3

Automatic Line Negotiation ................................................................................3-3

Full-Duplex Congestion Control .........................................................................3-3

Conﬁguring the CSMA/CD Automatic Negotiation Protocol .....................................3-4

Selecting Line Advertising Capabilities ..............................................................3-5

Viewing Line Negotiation Status ........................................................................3-5

Editing FDDI Lines ..........................................................................................................3-7

Enabling or Disabling the FDDI Interface .................................................................3-8

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Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages ........................................................3-8

Setting the BofL Interval ...........................................................................................3-8

Editing FDDI Station Management Attributes ..........................................................3-9

Specifying the SMT Connection Policy ............................................................3-10

Specifying the Neighbor Notiﬁcation Interval ...................................................3-12

Specifying the Propagation Expiration TIme ....................................................3-12

Enabling or Disabling Status Report Frames ...................................................3-13

Enabling or Disabling Duplicate Addressing ....................................................3-13

Entering User Data ..........................................................................................3-13

Enabling or Disabling Media Access Control LLC ..................................................3-14

Editing FDDI Path Attributes ..................................................................................3-14

Specifying the Requested TTRT ......................................................................3-15

Specifying the Minimum V alid Transmission Time ...........................................3-16

Specifying the Maximum TTRT ........................................................................3-16

Editing FDDI Port Attributes ...................................................................................3-16

Specifying the LER Cutoff ...............................................................................3-17

Specifying the Link Error Rate Alarm ..............................................................3-17

Editing Token Ring Lines ..............................................................................................3-17

Enabling or Disabling a Token Ring Interface .........................................................3-17

Specifying a MAC Address Source ........................................................................3-18

Specifying the Ring Speed .....................................................................................3-18

Enabling or Disabling Early Token Release ...........................................................3-18

Chapter 4 Customizing WAN Interfaces

Editing ATM ARE Lines ..................................................................................................4-1

Enabling or Disabling the ATM ARE Driver ..............................................................4-2

Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) .......................................................4-2

Enabling or Disabling Data Path Notify ....................................................................4-3

Setting the Data Path Notify Timeout .......................................................................4-3

Enabling or Disabling the SVC Inactivity Timeout ....................................................4-3

Setting the SVC Inactivity Timeout ...........................................................................4-4

Setting the Framing Mode ........................................................................................4-4

Setting the Clock Source ..........................................................................................4-4

Setting the Physical Line Length (DS3 Modules Only) ............................................4-5

Enabling or Disabling DS3/E3 Scrambling ...............................................................4-5

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Editing ATM FRE-2 Lines ...............................................................................................4-6

Enabling or Disabling an ATM FRE-2 Circuit ...........................................................4-6

Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) .......................................................4-7

Enabling or Disabling Data Path Notify ....................................................................4-7

Setting the Data Path Notify Timeout .......................................................................4-7

Enabling or Disabling the SVC Inactivity Timeout ....................................................4-8

Setting the SVC Inactivity Timeout ...........................................................................4-8

Editing ATM/ALC Physical Attributes .......................................................................4-8

Setting the Framing Mode .................................................................................4-9

Enabling or Disabling Scrambling ......................................................................4-9

Enabling or Disabling Loopback ........................................................................4-9

Conﬁguring Cell Insertion ..................................................................................4-9

Editing E1 Lines ............................................................................................................4-10

Enabling or Disabling an E1 Line ...........................................................................4-10

Enabling or Disabling CRC Checking .....................................................................4-10

Enabling or Disabling High-Density Bipolar Coding ...............................................4-11

Setting the Clock Source ........................................................................................4-11

Assigning Channel Functions .................................................................................4-12

Circuit Assignment ...........................................................................................4-12

Data and Voice Pass-Through .........................................................................4-12

Editing HSSI Lines ........................................................................................................4-13

Enabling or Disabling a HSSI Line .........................................................................4-13

Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages ......................................................4-13

Setting the BofL Interval .........................................................................................4-14

Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit Buffer Size ..............................................4-14

Viewing the Conﬁgured WAN Protocol ...................................................................4-15

Setting the Transmission Interface .........................................................................4-15

Setting the External Clock Speed ..........................................................................4-16

Setting the CRC Size .............................................................................................4-16

Editing T1 Lines ............................................................................................................4-16

Enabling or Disabling a T1 Line .............................................................................4-17

Setting the T1 Frame Type .....................................................................................4-17

Enabling or Disabling Bipolar with 8-Zero Substitution ..........................................4-17

Specifying the Physical Line Length ......................................................................4-18

Setting the Internal Clock Mode .............................................................................4-18

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Assigning Channel Functions .................................................................................4-19

Circuit Assignment ...........................................................................................4-19

Data and Voice Pass-Through .........................................................................4-19

Chapter 5 Customizing Synchronous and Asynchronous Interfaces

Editing Asynchronous Lines ...........................................................................................5-1

Enabling or Disabling the Asynchronous Driver .......................................................5-2

Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) .......................................................5-2

Specifying the Start Protocol ....................................................................................5-2

Setting the Remote IP Address .........................................................................5-3

Specifying the Remote Port ...............................................................................5-3

Specifying the Local Port ...................................................................................5-3

Setting the Baud Rate ..............................................................................................5-4

Setting the Idle Timer ...............................................................................................5-4

Setting the TCP Receive Window Size ....................................................................5-4

Setting the TCP Keepalive Message Interval ...........................................................5-5

Setting the TCP Inactive Limit ..................................................................................5-5

Setting the Maximum Transmit Queue Length .........................................................5-6

Setting the Maximum Receive Queue Length ..........................................................5-6

Editing Synchronous Lines .............................................................................................5-6

Enabling or Disabling a Synchronous Circuit ...........................................................5-7

Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages ........................................................5-8

Setting the BofL Timeout ..........................................................................................5-8

Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) .......................................................5-9

Enabling or Disabling Remote Address Filtering ......................................................5-9

Setting the Clock Source ..........................................................................................5-9

Setting the External Clock Speed ..........................................................................5-10

Setting the Internal Clock Speed ...........................................................................5-10

Setting the Signal Mode .........................................................................................5-11

Enabling or Disabling RTS Signals ........................................................................5-11

Enabling or Disabling DMA Burst Cycles ...............................................................5-12

Specifying the Link-Level Protocol .........................................................................5-12

Setting the Transmit Window Size ..........................................................................5-13

Setting Minimum Frame Spacing ...........................................................................5-13

Specifying Local and Remote Point-to-Point Addresses ........................................5-13

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Viewing the Conﬁgured WAN Protocol ...................................................................5-15

Setting Pass-Through Addresses ..........................................................................5-15

Setting the CRC Size .............................................................................................5-16

Setting the Signaling Method .................................................................................5-16

Enabling or Disabling Sync Polling .........................................................................5-16

Setting the Line Coding ..........................................................................................5-17

Specifying the Network Link Level .........................................................................5-17

Setting the Retry Count ..........................................................................................5-18

Setting the Link Idle Timer .....................................................................................5-18

Enabling or Disabling Extended Control ................................................................5-18

Enabling or Disabling Receiver Ready Signals ......................................................5-18

Setting the Cable Type ...........................................................................................5-19

Setting the Delay before Retrying ..........................................................................5-19

Enabling or Disabling Extended Addressing ..........................................................5-20

Enabling or Disabling Remote Loopback Detection ...............................................5-20

Setting the Sync Hold Down Time ..........................................................................5-20

Setting Sync Priority ...............................................................................................5-21

Conﬁguring KG84A Security ..................................................................................5-21

KG84A Cycle ...................................................................................................5-22

KG84A Sync Loss Interval ...............................................................................5-23

KG84A Remote Resync Wait ...........................................................................5-23

KG84A Sync Pulse ..........................................................................................5-24

Chapter 6 Conﬁguring MCE1 and MCT1 Interfaces

Conﬁguring MCE1 and MCT1 Ports ...............................................................................6-1

Selecting the Port Application ..................................................................................6-2

Setting the Clock Parameters ...................................................................................6-3

Customizing MCE1 Port Details ...............................................................................6-4

Enabling or Disabling the MCE1 Port ................................................................6-5

Setting the Line Type .........................................................................................6-6

Setting the Line Coding Method ........................................................................6-6

Setting the Alarm Threshold Time .....................................................................6-6

Setting the Alarm Threshold Clear Time ............................................................6-7

Enabling or Disabling the International Bit .........................................................6-7

Setting the Line Impedance (ASN MCE1 only) .................................................6-7

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Customizing MCT1 Port Details ...............................................................................6-7

Enabling or Disabling the MCT1 Port ................................................................6-9

Setting the MCT1 Line Type ..............................................................................6-9

Setting the Line Coding Method ......................................................................6-10

Setting the Signal Level ...................................................................................6-10

Setting the Alarm Threshold Time ...................................................................6-11

Setting the Alarm Threshold Clear Time ..........................................................6-11

Setting the Remote FDL HDLC Address Mode ...............................................6-11

Enabling or Disabling Loopback Requests ......................................................6-11

Setting the Loopback Conﬁguration .................................................................6-12

Setting the Source of Send Performance Messages (QMCT1) .......................6-12

Setting the Source of Accept Performance Messages (QMCT1) ....................6-12

Setting the Primary Clock Source (QMCT1) ....................................................6-13

Setting the Secondary Clock Source (QMCT1) ...............................................6-13

Conﬁguring Non-PRI Logical Lines ..............................................................................6-14

Deﬁning Logical Lines ............................................................................................6-15

Customizing Logical Lines .....................................................................................6-18

Enabling or Disabling the Logical Line .............................................................6-19

Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life (BofL) Messages ....................................6-19

Setting the BofL Timeout .................................................................................6-19

Enabling or Disabling Diagnostic Loopback ....................................................6-19

Viewing the Conﬁgured WAN Protocol ............................................................6-20

Setting the HDLC Service Type .......................................................................6-20

Setting the Local HDLC Address .....................................................................6-20

Setting the Remote HDLC Address .................................................................6-21

Setting Rate Adaption ......................................................................................6-21

Setting the Interframe Time Fill Pattern ...........................................................6-22

Setting the CRC Size .......................................................................................6-22

Setting the MTU Size .......................................................................................6-22

Enabling or Disabling Remote Loopback Detection ........................................6-23

Enabling or Disabling BERT Mode (QMCT1 only) ...........................................6-23

Setting the BERT Test Pattern (QMCT1 only) .................................................6-23

Enabling or Disabling Fractional T1 Loopback Code (QMCT1 only) ...............6-24

Accessing Line Resource Reservation (QMCT1 only) ....................................6-24

Assigning Timeslots ...............................................................................................6-25

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Conﬁguring ISDN PRI Logical Lines .............................................................................6-27

Chapter 7 Conﬁguring Multiline Services

Overview of Multiline Conﬁgurations ..............................................................................7-1

Beneﬁts of a Multiline Conﬁguration .........................................................................7-2

Multiline Example .....................................................................................................7-2

Types of Multiline Circuits .........................................................................................7-3

Grouping Data Paths ................................................................................................7-4

Multiline Trafﬁc Distribution .......................................................................................7-5

Address-based Selection ...................................................................................7-5

Random Selection .............................................................................................7-6

Frame Relay Considerations ....................................................................................7-6

Bandwidth-on-Demand (BOD) .................................................................................7-6

Conﬁguring Multiline .......................................................................................................7-7

Grouping Physical Synchronous Lines into a Multiline Circuit .................................7-7

Adding Physical Synchronous Lines to a Circuit ......................................................7-9

Changing the Trafﬁc Distribution Method .........................................................7-11

Grouping Logical Lines into a Multiline Circuit .......................................................7-12

Chapter 8 Obtaining Quality of Service With the Line Resource Manager

About Line Resource Management Services .................................................................8-1

Line Resource Manager ...........................................................................................8-2

Supported Media ...............................................................................................8-2

How LRM Works with ST2 .................................................................................8-2

Starting the LRM ............................................................................................................8-3

Conﬁguring the LRM .......................................................................................................8-6

Setting the Estimated Bandwidth .............................................................................8-7

Setting the Reservable Bandwidth ...........................................................................8-7

Specifying the Trafﬁc Queuing Algorithm .................................................................8-8

Specifying the Policing Algorithm .............................................................................8-8

Setting the Bandwidth Interval .................................................................................8-8

Setting the Inﬂate Reservations Percentage ............................................................8-9

Specifying the Unreserved Policing Algorithm .........................................................8-9

Specifying the Unreserved Queue Length .............................................................8-10

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Specifying the Multiline Select Algorithm ...............................................................8-10

Setting the Multiline Threshold Bandwidth .............................................................8-11

Setting the Reservation Latency ............................................................................8-11

Disabling Line Resource Management .........................................................................8-11

Removing a Line’s Reservations ............................................................................8-12

Deleting LRM Services ..........................................................................................8-12

Chapter 9 Starting PPP

Conﬁguring PPP on a Circuit ..........................................................................................9-1

PPP Tasks ......................................................................................................................9-2

Chapter 10 PPP Concepts

PPP Overview ..............................................................................................................10-1

Initializing a PPP Interface ............................................................................................10-3

Establishing the PPP Link ......................................................................................10-3

Authenticating the PPP Link: PAP and CHAP ..............................................................10-6

Password Authentication Protocol ..........................................................................10-6

Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol ......................................................10-6

One-Way Authentication ........................................................................................10-7

Negotiating Network Layer Protocols ...........................................................................10-7

Datagram Encapsulation ..............................................................................................10-8

PPP Dial Services Support ...........................................................................................10-9

Dial-on-Demand ..................................................................................................... 10-9

Bandwidth-on-Demand ..........................................................................................10-9

Dial Backup ..........................................................................................................10-10

PPP Multiline ..............................................................................................................10-10

Using Protocol Prioritization with Multiline ...........................................................10-11

Monitoring PPP Link Quality .......................................................................................10-12

PPP Data Compression ..............................................................................................10-14

Synchronous versus Asynchronous Connections ......................................................10-15

Recognizing Asynchronous Modem Control Characters .....................................10-16

PPP Line Parameters ...........................................................................................10-17

Conﬁguring IP to Run over PPP Interfaces ................................................................10-17

Detecting Loopback Conditions ..................................................................................10-17

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PPP Interoperability ....................................................................................................10-18

Stopping the Flow of Trafﬁc over a PPP Interface .......................................................10-18

Chapter 11 Customizing PPP

Enabling PPP on an Interface .......................................................................................11-1

Setting Up Remote Addresses .....................................................................................11-2

Enabling Data Compression on This Interface .............................................................11-3

Disabling Network Control Protocols ............................................................................11-3

Customizing PPP Lines ................................................................................................11-3

Editing PPP Line Parameters .......................................................................................11-4

Enabling Link Control on a Line ....................................................................................11-5

Setting Transmission Parameters .................................................................................11-5

Setting the Restart Timer .......................................................................................11-5

Specifying the Interval between Echo-Request Packets ........................................11-6

Specifying the Acceptable Level of Echo-Reply Packet Loss ................................11-6

Specifying the Maximum Number of Conﬁgure-Request Packets .........................11-6

Specifying the Maximum Number of Terminate-Request Packets .........................11-6

Specifying the Maximum Conﬁguration Failure Count ...........................................11-7

Setting a Time Limit for Convergence ....................................................................11-7

Customizing PPP Authentication Parameters ..............................................................11-8

Setting a Time Limit for Authentication ...................................................................11-9

Customizing PAP ....................................................................................................11-9

Specifying Local PAP Parameters ...................................................................11-9

Specifying PAP Parameters for the Remote Peer ..........................................11-10

Allowing PAP Rejection ..................................................................................11-11

Customizing CHAP ..............................................................................................11-11

Specifying the CHAP Secret ..........................................................................11-11

Specifying the CHAP Local Name .................................................................11-12

Specifying the CHAP Authentication Challenge Interval ...............................11-12

Enabling PAP Fallback ...................................................................................11-12

Setting Up Link Quality Monitoring .............................................................................11-13

Enabling Link Quality Monitoring and Reporting ..................................................11-13

Establishing the Timing of Link Quality Reports ...................................................11-14

Designating the Link Quality Report Timekeeper ..........................................11-14

Specifying the Link Quality Reporting Period ................................................11-14

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Specifying the Inbound Link Quality ..............................................................11-15

Specifying the Outbound Link Quality ...........................................................11-15

Specifying the Asynchronous Modem Control Character Map ...................................11-16

Disabling Loopback Checking ....................................................................................11-17

Deleting PPP ..............................................................................................................11-17

Appendix A Parameters

Editing LAN Line Services ............................................................................................. A-1

CSMA/CD Line Parameters ....................................................................................A-2

FDDI Line Parameters ............................................................................................ A-4

FDDI MAC Attribute Parameters ....................................................................... A-9

FDDI Path Attribute Parameters ....................................................................... A-9

FDDI Port Attribute Parameters ...................................................................... A-11

Token Ring Line Parameters ................................................................................. A-12

Editing WAN Line Services .......................................................................................... A-14

Asynchronous Line Parameters ............................................................................ A-14

ATM ARE Line Parameters ................................................................................... A-19

ATM FRE-2 Line Parameters ................................................................................ A-23

E1 Line Parameters .............................................................................................. A-27

HSSI Line Parameters .......................................................................................... A-28

LAPB Parameters ................................................................................................. A-31

MCE1 and MCT1 Logical Line Parameters ........................................................... A-38

MCE1 Port Parameters ......................................................................................... A-43

MCT1 Port Parameters .........................................................................................A-47

QMCT1 Port Parameters ................................................................................ A-53

Synchronous Line Parameters .............................................................................. A-55

T1 Line Parameters ............................................................................................... A-71

Editing Multiline Conﬁguration Parameters ..................................................................A-74

Editing Line Resource Parameters .............................................................................. A-75

Editing PPP Parameters .............................................................................................. A-80

PPP Interface Parameters ..................................................................................... A-81

PPP Line Parameters ............................................................................................ A-82

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Appendix B Default Line Parameter Settings

Asynchronous Line Parameters .....................................................................................B-2

ATM ARE Line Parameters ............................................................................................ B-2

ATM FRE-2 Line Parameters ......................................................................................... B-3

E1 Line Parameters ....................................................................................................... B-4

Ethernet (CSMA/CD) Line Parameters .......................................................................... B-4

FDDI Line Parameters ................................................................................................... B-5

HSSI Line Parameters ................................................................................................... B-6

Line Resource Manager Parameters ............................................................................. B-7

MCE1 Line Parameters ................................................................................................. B-7

MCT1 Line Parameters ..................................................................................................B-9

Multiline Parameters .................................................................................................... B-12

PPP Parameters .......................................................................................................... B-12

Synchronous Line Parameters .................................................................................... B-14

T1 Line Parameters ..................................................................................................... B-16

Token Ring Line Parameters ....................................................................................... B-16

Index

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Figures

Figure 1-1. Conﬁguration Manager Window ...............................................................1-2

Figure 1-2. Circuit List Window ...................................................................................1-3

Figure 1-3. Circuit Deﬁnition Window .........................................................................1-4

Figure 1-4. Edit Lines Window ....................................................................................1-5

Figure 2-1. Ethernet and 802.3 Message Formats ....................................................2-3

Figure 2-2. Ethernet LAN, Bus Topology ....................................................................2-4

Figure 2-3. Ethernet LAN, Star Topology ...................................................................2-5

Figure 2-4. Relationship of FDDI Standards ..............................................................2-7

Figure 2-5. Failure of Corresponding Links on Both Rings ........................................2-8

Figure 2-6. Failure of Node on Ring ...........................................................................2-8

Figure 2-7. Token Ring LAN .....................................................................................2-15

Figure 2-8. D4 Frame ...............................................................................................2-20

Figure 2-9. Extended Superframe ............................................................................2-21

Figure 2-10. Bipolar Format .......................................................................................2-22

Figure 2-11. Bipolar with 8-Zero Substitution .............................................................2-23

Figure 3-1. Auto Negotiation Conﬁguration Prompt ...................................................3-4

Figure 3-2. Auto Neg Advertising Capabilities Window ..............................................3-4

Figure 3-3. Sample Auto Negotiation State Information Window ...............................3-6

Figure 3-4. FDDI Advanced Attributes Window ..........................................................3-9

Figure 3-5. FDDI SMT Attributes Window ................................................................3-10

Figure 3-6. Default Connection Policy Status Word .................................................3-12

Figure 3-7. Range of Values for FDDI Path Attributes ..............................................3-15

Figure 5-1. Satellite Broadcast (Sample Topology) ..................................................5-14

Figure 5-2. KG84A Network Conﬁguration ...............................................................5-21

Figure 6-1. Port Application Window ..........................................................................6-2

Figure 6-2. MCE1 Port Parameters Window ..............................................................6-5

Figure 6-3. MCT1 Port Parameters Window ...............................................................6-8

Figure 6-4. Logical Lines Window before Deﬁning a Circuit (MCT1 example) .........6-14

Figure 6-5. Add Circuit Window (MCE1 example) ....................................................6-15

Figure 6-6. Default Circuit Name for Link Modules ...................................................6-16

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Figure 6-7. Default Circuit Name for ASN Net Modules ...........................................6-16

Figure 6-8. Logical Lines Window with One Circuit Deﬁned (MCE1 example) .........6-17

Figure 6-9. Timeslots Window (MCT1 Example) ......................................................6-25

Figure 6-10. Assigning a Timeslot (MCE1 Example) ..................................................6-26

Figure 6-11. PRI Logical Lines Window (MCE1 Example) .........................................6-27

Figure 6-12. MCE1 Timeslots Window (ISDN PRI Conﬁgurations) ............................6-28

Figure 7-1. Multiline Circuit Composed of Three Synchronous Lines ........................7-3

Figure 7-2. Multiline Circuit Types ..............................................................................7-4

Figure 7-3. Add Circuit Window ..................................................................................7-8

Figure 7-4. Circuit Deﬁnition Window .........................................................................7-9

Figure 7-5. Change Lines Menu Option ...................................................................7-10

Figure 7-6. Edit Multiline Options Window ................................................................7-11

Figure 7-7. Logical Lines Window with Unused Logical Lines (MCE1 Example) .....7-13

Figure 7-8. Circuit Deﬁnition Window .......................................................................7-14

Figure 7-9. Select Logical Line Window ...................................................................7-14

Figure 7-10. Selecting an Unused Logical Line ..........................................................7-15

Figure 7-11. Multiline Option from the Circuit Deﬁnition Window ...............................7-16

Figure 7-12. Example Logical Lines Window with a Multiline Circuit Deﬁned ............7-17

Figure 8-1. MCT1 Logical Lines Window ....................................................................8-3

Figure 8-2. Edit Connector Window ............................................................................8-4

Figure 8-3. Creating the Line Resources Record .......................................................8-4

Figure 8-4. Edit Line Resources Window ...................................................................8-5

Figure 8-5. Removing a Line’s Reserved Resources ...............................................8-12

Figure 8-6. Deleting the CRM Line Resource Record ..............................................8-13

Figure 10-1. Point-to-Point Network Connection ........................................................10-1

Figure 10-2. Initializing the PPP Interface ..................................................................10-5

Figure 10-3. PPP-Encapsulated Frame ......................................................................10-8

Figure 10-4. Link Quality Monitoring from Router A’s Perspective ...........................10-13

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Tables

Table 1-1. Site Manager Abbreviations for Circuit Types ..........................................1-3

Table 1-2. Line Types and Corresponding Chapters .................................................1-5

Table 2-1. SMT Frame Classes and Types .............................................................2-12

Table 2-2. Speciﬁcation for E1 Line ........................................................................2-16

Table 2-3. Speciﬁcation for T1 Line .........................................................................2-19

Table 3-1. 100-Mb/s Ethernet Auto Negotiation State Information ...........................3-6

Table 3-2. SMT Connection Policy Values ..............................................................3-11

Table 10-1. Sample Data Link Control Protocol Options ..........................................10-2

Table 10-2. Network Control Protocol and Options ..................................................10-2

Table 10-3. Multiline Features .................................................................................10-10

Table 10-4. PPP Line Parameter Values .................................................................10-17

Table B-1. Asynchronous Line Parameters .............................................................. B-2

Table B-2. ATM ARE Line Parameters .....................................................................B-2

Table B-3. ATM FRE-2 Line Parameters ..................................................................B-3

Table B-4. ATM FRE-2 Physical Attribute Parameters .............................................B-3

Table B-5. E1 Line Parameters ................................................................................B-4

Table B-6. Ethernet Line Parameters ....................................................................... B-4

Table B-7. FDDI Line Parameters ............................................................................B-5

Table B-8. FDDI SMT Attribute Parameters ............................................................. B-5

Table B-9. FDDI MAC Attribute Parameter ............................................................... B-5

Table B-10. FDDI Path Attribute Parameters ............................................................. B-6

Table B-11. FDDI Port Attribute Parameters .............................................................. B-6

Table B-12. HSSI Line Parameters ............................................................................B-6

Table B-13. LRM Parameters ..................................................................................... B-7

Table B-14. MCE1 Clock Parameters ......................................................................... B-7

Table B-15. MCE1 Port Application Parameter .......................................................... B-7

Table B-16. MCE1 Port Parameters ........................................................................... B-8

Table B-17. MCE1 Logical Line Parameters ..............................................................B-8

Table B-18. MCE1 Port Action Parameters ................................................................ B-9

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Table B-19. MCT1 Clock Parameters (All Modules except QMCT1) .......................... B-9

Table B-20. MCT1 Port Application Parameter ..........................................................B-9

Table B-21. QMCT1 Clock Parameters ...................................................................... B-9

Table B-22. MCT1 Port Parameters ......................................................................... B-10

Table B-23. MCT1 Logical Line Parameters ............................................................ B-10

Table B-24. MCT1 Port Action Parameters .............................................................. B-11

Table B-25. QMCT1 Logical Line Action Parameters ............................................... B-11

Table B-26. Multiline Parameters .............................................................................B-12

Table B-27. Point-to-Point (PPP) Interface Parameters ............................................ B-12

Table B-28. Point-to-Point (PPP) Line Parameters ................................................... B-13

Table B-29. Synchronous Line Parameters .............................................................. B-14

Table B-30. T1 Line Parameters .............................................................................. B-16

Table B-31. Token Ring Line Parameters ................................................................. B-16

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About This Guide

If you are responsible for installing Site Manager and conﬁguring and managing

™

BayStream

• Instructions for accessing conﬁgurable line details with Site Manager (Chapter 1)

• An overview of LAN and WAN line media and protocols (Chapter 2)

• Instructions for customizing the line parameters for

-- Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring lines (Chapter 3)

-- ATM, E1, HSSI, and T1 lines (Chapter 4)

platforms, you need to read this guide. This guide includes

115391-A Rev. A

-- Synchronous and asynchronous lines (Chapter 5)

-- MCE1 and MCT1 lines (Chapter 6)

• Instructions for conﬁguring multiline services (Chapter 7)

• Instructions for using the Line Resource Manager to manage reserv able traf ﬁc (Chapter 8)

• Instructions on starting PPP (Chapter 9)

• Conceptual information to help you decide ho w you want to conﬁgure PPP on your network (Chapter 10)

• Instructions on customizing PPP (Chapter 11)

• A description of all line parameters that are conﬁgurable using Site Manager (Appendix A)

• Default parameter settings of line parameters (Appendix B)

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Audience

Written for system and network managers, this guide assumes that

• You have a working knowledge of Site Manager.

• You have a working knowledge of your network’s physical layer components.

Before Y ou Begin

Before using this guide, you must complete the following procedures. For a new BayStream hardware platform:

• Install the platform (refer to the appropriate installation manual).

• Connect the platform to the network (refer to the

• Create an SNMP interface (refer to

• Establish a connection with the SNMP interface and begin the conﬁguration

Make sure that you are running the latest version of BayStream Multiservice Software and BayStream Site Manager Software. For instructions, refer to

Upgrading to BayStream Version 7.0

Conventions

angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the

bold text

Management

(refer to

Getting Started with Site Manager

Cable Guide

Conﬁguring an Interface for Network

description inside the brackets. Do not type the brackets when entering the command. Example: if command syntax is you enter

Indicates text that you need to enter, command names, and buttons in menu paths. Example: Enter

ping 192.32.10.12

wfsm &

ping

<ip_address>

xxii

Example: Use the Example: ATM DXI > Interfaces >

PVCs button in the window that appears when you select the Interfaces option from the ATM DXI menu.

dinfo

command.

PVCs

identiﬁes the

115391-A Rev. A

Page 23

About This Guide

brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements. You can choose none, one,

or all of the options.

ellipsis points Horizontal (. . .) and vertical ellipsis points indicate

()

omitted information.

Acronyms

italic text

Indicates variable values in command syntax descriptions, new terms, ﬁle and directory names, and book titles.

quotation marks (“ ”) Indicate the title of a chapter or section within a book.

screen text

Indicates data that appears on the screen. Example:

Set Bay Networks Trap Monitor Filters

separator ( > ) Separates menu and option names in instructions and

internal pin-to-pin wire connections. Example: Protocols > IP identiﬁes the IP option in the Protocols menu.

Example: Pin 7 > 19 > 20

vertical line (|) Indicates that you enter only one of the parts of the

command. The vertical line separates choices. Do not type the vertical line when entering the command. Example: If the command syntax is

show at routes show at routes

nets

, you enter either

show at nets

, but not both.

AMI alternate mask inversion ANSI American National Standards Institute ARP Address Resolution Protocol ATM asynchronous transfer mode B8ZS bipolar with 8-zero substitution BERT bit error rate test BofL Breath of Life (message) CCP Compression Control Protocol CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CMIP Common Management Information Protocol

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CRC cyclic redundancy check CRM Circuit Resource Manager CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection CTS clear to send DNCP DECnet Phase IV Control Protocol EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol FCS Frame Check Sequence FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDL facility data link HDLC high-level data link control HSSI High-Speed Serial Interface IP Internet Protocol IPCP IP Control Protocol LAN local area network LCP Link Control Protocol LQR Link Quality Report LRM Line Resource Manager MAC Media Access Control MAU multistation access unit MCE1 Multichannel E1 MCT1 Multichannel T1 MIB management information base MTU maximum transmission unit NCP Network Control Protocol NLPID Network Layer Protocol Identiﬁer NRZ nonreturn to zero coding NRZI nonreturn to zero inverted coding NSAP network service access point OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSINLCP OSI Network Layer Control Protocol OSPF Open Shortest Path First P AP Password Authentication Protocol PCM Physical Connection Management (FDDI)

xxiv

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About This Guide

PDU Protocol Data Unit PHY Physical Layer Protocol (FDDI) PMD Physical Layer Media Dependent (FDDI) PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PTT Post Telephone and Tele graph PVC permanent virtual circuit QoS quality of service RFC Request for Comment RIP Routing Information Protocol RMT Ring Management (FDDI) RTS request to send SAP service access point SDH synchronous digital hierarchy SIF status information frame SMT Station Management (FDDI) SNAP Subnetwork Access Protocol SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SONET Synchronous Optical Network SRF status report frame ST2 Stream Protocol 2 SVC switched virtual circuit TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol TTRT target token rotation time WAN wide area network

115391-A Rev. A

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Configuring Line Services

Ordering Bay Networks Publications

To purchase additional copies of this document or other Bay Networks publications, order by part number from the Bay Networks Press telephone or fax numbers:

• Telephone - U.S./Canada 1-888-4BAYPRESS

• Telephone - International 1-510-490-4752

• Fax 1-510-498-2609

You can also use these numbers to request a free catalog of Bay Networks Press product publications.

™

at the following

xxvi

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Page 27

Technical Support and Online Services

To ensure comprehensive network support to our customers and partners worldwide, Bay Networks Customer Service has Technical Response Centers in key locations around the globe:

• Billerica, Massachusetts

• Santa Clara, California

• Sydne y , Australia

• Tokyo, Japan

• Valbonne, France

The Technical Response Centers are connected via a redundant Frame Relay Network to a Common Problem Resolution system, enabling them to transmit and share information, and to provide live, around-the-clock support 365 days a year.

115391-A Rev. A

Bay Networks Information Services complement the Bay Networks Service program portfolio by giving customers and partners access to the most current technical and support information through a choice of access/retrieval means. These include the World Wide Web, CompuServe, Support Source CD, Customer Service FTP, and InfoFACTS document fax service.

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Configuring Line Services

Bay Networks Customer Service

If you purchased your Bay Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller, contact that distributor’s or reseller’s technical support staff for assistance with installation, conﬁguration, troubleshooting, or integration issues.

Customers can also purchase direct support from Bay Networks through a variety of service programs. As part of our PhonePlus sets the industry standard, with 24-hour, 7-days-a-week telephone support available worldwide at no extra cost. Our complete range of contract and noncontract services also includes equipment staging and integration, installation support, on-site services, and replacement parts delivery -- within approximately 4 hours.

To purchase any of the Bay Networks support programs, or if you have questions on program features, use the following numbers:

Region Telephone Number Fax Number

United States and Canada

1-800-2LANWAN; enter Express Routing Code (ERC) 290 when prompted

™

program, Bay Networks Service

(508) 670-8766

xxviii

(508) 436-8880 (direct) Europe (33) 92-968-300 (33) 92-968-301 Asia/Paciﬁc Region (612) 9927-8800 (612) 9927-8811 Latin America (407) 997-1713 (407) 997-1714

In addition, you can receive information on support programs from your local Bay Networks ﬁeld sales ofﬁce, or purchase Bay Networks support directly from your authorized partner.

115391-A Rev. A

Page 29

Bay Networks Information Services

Bay Networks Information Services provide up-to-date support information as a ﬁrst-line resource for network administration, expansion, and maintenance. This information is available from a variety of sources.

W orld Wide Web

The Bay Networks Customer Support Web Server offers a diverse library of technical documents, software agents, and other important technical information to Bay Networks customers and partners.

A special beneﬁt for contracted customers and resellers is the ability to access the Web Server to perform Case Management. This feature enables your support staff to interact directly with the network experts in our worldwide Technical Response Centers. A registered contact with a valid Site ID can

• View a listing of support cases and determine the current status of any open case. Case history data includes severity designation, and telephone, e-mail, or other logs associated with the case.

Technical Support and Online Services

• Customize the listing of cases according to a variety of criteria, including date, severity, status, and case ID.

• Log notes to existing open cases.

• Create new cases for rapid, efﬁcient handling of noncritical network situations.

• Communicate directly via e-mail with the speciﬁc technical resources assigned to your case.

The Bay Networks URL is menu item on that home page.

Customer Service FTP

Accessible via URL combines and organizes support ﬁles and documentation from across the Bay Networks product suite, including switching products from our Centillion™ and Xylogics site lets you quickly locate information on any of your Bay Networks products.

115391-A Rev. A

http://www.baynetworks.com

ftp://support.baynetworks.com

business units. Central management and sponsorship of this FTP

. Customer Service is a

(134.177.3.26), this site

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Configuring Line Services

Support Source CD

This CD-ROM -- sent quarterly to all contracted customers -- is a complete Bay Networks Service troubleshooting knowledge database with an intelligent text search engine.

The Support Source CD contains extracts from our problem-tracking database; information from the Bay Networks Forum on CompuServe; comprehensive technical documentation, such as Customer Support Bulletins, Release Notes, software patches and ﬁxes; and complete information on all Bay Networks Service programs.

You can run a single version on Macintosh Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, DOS, or UNIX computing platforms. A Web links feature enables you to go directly from the CD to various Bay Networks Web pages.

CompuServe

For assistance with noncritical network support issues, Bay Networks Information Services maintain an active forum on CompuServe, a global bulletin-board system. This forum provides ﬁle services, technology conferences, and a message section to get assistance from other users.

The message section is monitored by Bay Networks engineers, who provide assistance wherever possible. Customers and resellers holding Bay Networks service contracts also have access to special libraries for advanced levels of support documentation and software. To take advantage of CompuServe’s recently enhanced menu options, the Bay Networks Forum has been re-engineered to allow links to our Web sites and FTP sites.

We recommend the use of CompuServe Information Manager software to access these Bay Networks Information Services resources. To open an account and receive a local dial-up number in the United States, call CompuServe at 1-800-524-3388. Outside the United States, call 1-614-529-1349, or your nearest CompuServe ofﬁce. Ask for Representative No. 591. When you are on line with your CompuServe account, you can reach us with the command

xxx 115391-A Rev. A

GO BAYNET.

Page 31

InfoFACTS

InfoFACTS is the Bay Networks free 24-hour fax-on-demand service. This automated system has libraries of technical and product documents designed to help you manage and troubleshoot your Bay Networks products. The system responds to a fax from the caller or to a third party within minutes of being accessed.

To use InfoFACTS in the United States or Canada, call toll-free 1-800-786-3228. Outside North America, toll calls can be made to 1-408-764-1002. In Europe, toll-free numbers are also available for contacting both InfoFACTS and CompuServe. Please check our Web page for the listing in your country.

How to Get Help

Use the following numbers to reach your Bay Networks Technical Response Center:

Technical Response Center Telephone Number Fax Number

Billerica, MA 1-800-2LANWAN (508) 670-8765 Santa Clara, CA 1-800-2LANWAN (408) 764-1188 Valbonne, France (33) 92-968-968 (33) 92-966-998 Sydney, Australia (612) 9927-8800 (612) 9927-8811 Tokyo, Japan (81) 3-5402-0180 (81) 3-5402-0173

Technical Support and Online Services

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Page 32

Page 33

Chapter 1

Getting Started

This chapter describes how to access the physical and data link layer (line) services for the conﬁgured circuits on a BayStream

Note: In the OSI internetworking model, the physical layer manages the

transmission of bits across the physical media (cable or modem interface); a physical layer protocol deﬁnes the electrical and mechanical interface. The data link layer deﬁnes the procedures for transferring data accurately and reliably across the physical layer.

This guide assumes that someone has already added the network interfaces to the conﬁguration ﬁle by conﬁguring a circuit on the hardware connectors and enabling protocol services. See Getting Started with Site Manager for information about these tasks.

What’s the Default?

With the exception of multichannel circuits (MCE1 and MCT1), the BayStream software automatically sets default values for the line service parameters when you add a network interface. See Appendix B for a list of the default line service parameter values for each circuit type.

Line defaults are suitable for many networks; however, you can use the Conﬁguration Manager to customize these settings based on your network composition and requirements. Chapters 3 through 6 provide information about editing the protocol-speciﬁc line parameters.

™

platform.

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Configuring Line Services

Accessing Line Services with Site Manager

This section describes how to access the Site Manager windows that contain physical layer (line) services for the conﬁgured circuits on a BayStream platform.

To access line parameters:

1. Start at the Conﬁguration Manager window (Figure 1-1).

Note: For many circuit types, you can bypass Steps 2 through 6 by clicking on

the conﬁgured connector in the Conﬁguration Manager window, and then clicking on Edit Line in the popup window.

Figure 1-1. Conﬁguration Manager Window

Select Circuits > Edit Circuits.

The Circuit List window appears (F

1-2 115391-A Rev. A

igure 1-2).

Page 35

Getting Started

Figure 1-2. Circuit List Window

Select the circuit for which you want to edit line service parameters.

able 1-1 lists the Conﬁguration Manager abbreviation for each circuit type.

Table 1-1. Site Manager Abbreviations for Circuit Types

Letter Designator Circuit Type

AATM E Ethernet E1 E1 F FDDI H HSSI MCE1 MCE1 MCT1 MCT1 O Token Ring S Synchronous T1 T1

4. Click on Edit.

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Configuring Line Services

The Circuit Deﬁnition window appears (Figure 1-3).

Figure 1-3. Circuit Deﬁnition Window

Select Lines > Edit Lines.

The Edit Lines window appears (F

igure 1-4). This window lists the existing

lines by slot number and connector name.

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Getting Started

Figure 1-4. Edit Lines Window

Select the line you want to edit and click on Edit.

Depending on the type of circuit that you selected in Step 3

, the Conﬁguration Manager displays the window that allows you to modify the circuit’s line details.

7. Edit the line attributes.

The type of line determines how you edit line details. Chapters 3 through 6 provide information on editing line parameters for speciﬁc circuit types

able 1-2).

Table 1-2. Line Types and Corresponding Chapters

Line Type Go T o

Ethernet, FDDI, Token Ring Chapter 3

ATM FRE Synchronous and Asynchronous Chapter 5 MCE1 Chapter 6 MCT1 Chapter 6

-2, ATM ARE, E1, HSSI, T1 Chapter 4

115391-A Rev. A 1-5

Page 38

Page 39

Chapter 2

About Line Protocols

The following sections describe the LAN and WAN media and their associated data link layer protocols:

• Ov

• Overview of WAN Protocols

erview of LAN Protocols

Overview of LAN Protocols

To support LAN topologies, you can conﬁgure a BayStream platform with Ethernet, FDDI, or Token Ring circuits. This section provides overview information about these LAN technologies:

• Ether

• FDDI Overview

• Token Ring Overview

net Overview

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Configuring Line Services

Ethernet Overview

Ethernet is a 10-megabit/second (Mb/s) or 100-Mb/s LAN that uses the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol to control access to the physical wiring (media).

Data Flow

When a node on an Ethernet LAN (endstation) transmits data, every endstation on the LAN receives the data. Each endstation checks each data unit to see whether the destination address matches its own address. If the addresses match, the endstation accepts and processes the packet. If they do not match, it disregards the packet.

Medium Access Control

Endstations use CSMA/CD to monitor the media and wait until it is idle before transmitting data.

Carrier Sense Multiple Access

Before attempting to transmit a message, an endstation determines whether or not another endstation is transmitting a message on the media. If the media is available, the endstation transmits the message; if not, the endstation delays its transmission until the other endstation has ﬁnished sending.

Collision Detection

If two endstations transmit data simultaneously , a collision occurs and the result is a composite, garbled message. All endstations on the network, including the transmitting endstations, detect the collision and ignore the message. Each endstation that wants to transmit waits a random amount of time and then attempts to transmit again. The random transmission delays reduce the probability that the endstations will transmit simultaneously again.

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About Line Protocols

Ethernet Frame Formats

There are two MAC-layer frame format speciﬁcations used in Ethernet LANs. The ﬁrst speciﬁcation is called Ethernet. The second, standardized by the IEEE, is called 802.3. One way that they differ is in message format (F

igure 2-1). Instead

of a Length ﬁeld in the MAC-layer header, Ethernet messages include a Type ﬁeld, indicating which higher-layer protocol is used in the Data ﬁeld.

Ethernet message format

Destination address

Source address

Type Data

802.3 message format

Length

Data

CRC

LS0002A

Figure 2-1. Ethernet and 802.3 Message Formats

The Bay Networks Ethernet/802.3 interface supports IEEE 802.3 and Version

1.0/2.0 Ethernet frame formats.

Ethernet Media

A bisynchronous10-Mb/s Ethernet LAN (10Base-T) uses thick or thin Ethernet (coaxial cable) or Category 3 twisted-pair cable.

The bisynchronous100-Mb/s Ethernet LAN (100Base-T, sometimes called fast Ethernet) uses three different media interfaces:

• 100Base-TX uses two pairs of unshielded twisted-pair wires and allows both

full-duplex and half-duplex operation.

• 100Base-FX uses ﬁber cabling that supports half- and full-duplex operation.

• 100Base-T4 uses new physical layer signals to run over four pairs of

Category 3 unshielded twisted-pair wires. The signals use all four wire pairs, so only half-duplex operation is supported.

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Configuring Line Services

Each 100Base-T port supports 100Base-TX or MII physical interfaces. The integral 100Base-TX transceiver enables Category 5 twisted-pair wire to be directly connected to its RJ-45 connector. The MII interface enables external transceivers to be attached to the MII connector. This allows the use of a variety of different transmission media, such as Category 3 unshielded twisted-pair wire (100Base-T4) and ﬁber-optic (100Base-F) cable.

When using the 100Base-T Link Module, larger packet sizes yield better performance than smaller packet sizes. In general, you should conﬁgure your application to use the largest packet size possible.

Note: To obtain the highest aggregate throughput, use only one of the two

ports on the 100Base-T Link Module. Demanding high throughput from both ports simultaneously will result in some packet loss and this may decrease the performance of sensitive applications.

Ethernet T opologies

Thick and thin Ethernet LANs use a bus topology, in which devices connect directly to the backbone at both the physical and logical levels (F

igure 2-2).

LS0003A

Figure 2-2. Ethernet LAN, Bus Topology

Physically, an Ethernet LAN using twisted-pair cable comprises a string of star topologies, in which devices connect to a central concentrator (F

igure 2-3).

Logically, however, the cabling still has a bus topology.

2-4 115391-A Rev. A

Page 43

Figure 2-3. Ethernet LAN, Star Topology

About Line Protocols

ConcentratorConcentrator

LS0004A

FDDI Overview

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) comprises a set of ANSI/ISO standards that deﬁne a 100-Mb/s, timed-token-passing LAN of up to 500 nodes. FDDI is used most often for workgroup, backbone, and backend network conﬁgurations that require high bandwidth and performance.

Topics in this overview include

he FDDI Standard

• T

• FDDI Dual Counter-Rotating Ring Architecture

• FDDI Ring Operation

• FDDI Ring Maintenance

• FDDI SMT

• FDDI Hardware

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Configuring Line Services

The FDDI Standard

FDDI uses a dual counter-rotating ring topology for fault recovery and sophisticated encoding techniques to ensure data integrity. The FDDI standard speciﬁes that the total length of the ﬁber-optic cabling used to connect the nodes may not exceed 200 km, or 100 km per ring.

The FDDI standards consist of the following entities:

• Physical Layer Media Dependent (PMD)

The PMD standard deﬁnes the physical characteristics of the media interface connectors and the cabling, and the services necessary for transmitting signals between nodes.

• Physical Layer Protocol (PHY)

The PHY standard deﬁnes the rules for encoding and framing data for transmission, clocking requirements, and line states.

• Media Access Control (MAC)

The MAC standard deﬁnes the FDDI timed-token protocol, frame and token construction and transmission on the FDDI ring, ring initialization, and fault isolation.

• Station Management (SMT)

The SMT standard deﬁnes the protocols for managing the PMD, the PHY, and the MAC components of FDDI. The SMT protocols monitor and control the activity of each node on the ring.

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About Line Protocols

Figure 2-4 shows the relationship of the four FDDI standards.

Media Access Control (MAC)

Physical Layer Protocol (PHY)

Physical Layer Medium Dependent (PMD)

Figure 2-4. Relationship of FDDI Standards

Station Management (SMT)

LS0006A

FDDI Dual Counter-Rotating Ring Architecture

FDDI LANs comprise two independent, counter-rotating rings: a primary ring and a secondary ring. Data ﬂows in opposite directions on the rings. Both rings can carry data; however, in high-bandwidth applications, Bay Networks speciﬁes that the primary ring transmits data and the secondary ring is a backup device.

The counter-rotating ring architecture prevents data loss in the event of a link failure, a node failure, or the failure of both the primary and secondary links between any two nodes, as follows:

• If a link on the primary ring fails, the secondary ring transmits the data.

• If a node or corresponding links on both the primary and secondary rings fail,

one ring wraps to the other around the faulty components, forming a single ring (Figures 2-

5 and 2-6).

When the component can function again, the architecture reverts to dual-ring.

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Configuring Line Services

Figure 2-5. Failure of Corresponding Links on Both Rings

Primary ring wraps to secondary ring, isolating faulty links.

LS0007A

Primary ring wraps to secondary ring, isolating faulty node.

LS0008A

Figure 2-6. Failure of Node on Ring

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About Line Protocols

FDDI Ring Operation

An FDDI ring consists of nodes in a ring architecture. There are two classes of nodes: stations (a node with no master ports), and concentrators (a node with master ports).

The FDDI standards deﬁne two types of stations: single attachment stations (SAS) and dual attachment stations (DAS). The SAS connects to only one ring; it cannot wrap the ring in case of a fault. The DAS connects to both the primary and secondary rings. The BayStream platform is an example of a DAS.

FDDI initializes the ring and transmits data as follows:

1. The nodes on the ring establish connections with their neighbors.

The Connection Management (CMT) portion of SMT controls this process, as described in “FDDI SMT,” later in this chapter.

2. The nodes negotiate the target token rotation time (TTRT), using the claim

token process. The TTRT is the value that the MAC sublayer uses to time its operations. The

claim token process determines which node initializes the ring (generates the token). The node with the lowest bid for the TTRT wins the right to generate the token.

3. After a node has initialized the ring, the ring begins to operate in steady state.

In steady state, the nodes exchange frames using the Timed-Token Protocol (TTP). The TTP deﬁnes how the TTRT is set, the length of time a node can hold the token, and how a node initializes the ring. The ring remains in steady state until a new claim token process occurs (for example, when a new node joins the ring).

4. The nodes pass the token from one node to another on the FDDI ring.

5. A node on the ring captures the token when it wants to transmit data, and then

transmits data to its downstream neighbor.

6. Each node reads and repeats frames as it receives them. If a node detects an

error in a frame, the node sets an error indicator.

7. A frame circulates on the ring until it reaches the node that ﬁrst transmitted it.

That node removes the frame from the ring.

8. When the ﬁrst node has sent all of its frames, or exceeded the available

transmission time, it releases the token back to the ring.

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Configuring Line Services

Station Timers

Each node uses three timers to regulate its operation in the ring:

• Token rotation timer (TRT)

• Token holding timer (THT)

• Valid transmission timer (TVX) The TRT times the period between the receipt of tokens. TRT is set to varying

values, depending on the state of the ring. During steady-state operation, the TRT expires when the actual token rotation time exceeds the TTRT.

The THT controls the length of time that a node can hold the token to transmit frames. The value of the THT is the difference between the arrival time of the token and the TTRT.

The TVX times the period between valid transmissions on the ring. When the node receives a valid frame or token, the TVX is reset. If the TVX expires, the node starts a ring initialization sequence to restore the ring to proper operation.

FDDI Ring Maintenance

Each node is responsible for monitoring the integrity of the ring. By using the TVX, nodes can detect a break in ring activity. If the interval between token receptions exceeds the value of the TVX, the node reports an error condition and initiates the claim process to restore ring operation.

If it cannot generate a token, the node that detected the problem initiates beacon frames. Beacon frames indicate to the other nodes that the ring is broken. If the beacon transmission exceeds the value set in the stuck beacon timer (controlled by the Ring Management [RMT] portion of SMT), RMT attempts to restore the ring to normal operation.

If the ring does not return to normal operation in a speciﬁed period of time, RMT initiates a trace. A trace is a diagnostic function that isolates a fault on the ring. For more information about RMT, see the next section.

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About Line Protocols

FDDI SMT

BayStream platforms support Version 7.2 of the SMT protocol. SMT is a low-level protocol that manages the FDDI functions provided by the PMD, the PHY, and the MAC. SMT can run only on a single FDDI ring and can manage only the FDDI components and functions within a node.

SMT contains three components:

• Connection Management (CMT)

• Ring Management (RMT)

• SMT frame services

CMT

CMT performs these functions:

• Inserts and removes stations at the PHY level

• Connects PHYs and MACs with a node

• Uses trace diagnostics to identify and isolate a faulty component

• Manages the physical connection between adjacent nodes, including

-- Testing the quality of the link before establishing a connection

-- Establishing a connection

-- Monitoring link errors continuously when the ring is operational

RMT

RMT receives status information from the MAC and CMT, reporting this information to SMT and higher-level processes (for example, SNMP). It detects stuck beacon conditions and duplicate addresses, and determines when the MAC is available for transmitting frames. Duplicate addresses prevent the proper operation of the ring.

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Configuring Line Services

SMT Frame Services

SMT frame services manage and control the FDDI network and the nodes on the network. Different SMT frame classes and types implement these services. Frame class identiﬁes the function that the frame performs. Frame type speciﬁes whether the frame is an announcement, a request, or a response to a request. FDDI SMT frames are limited to a single FDDI ring. The frames cannot move across WANs or across multiple FDDI rings. The frames do not manage functions outside FDDI.

able 2-1 lists the SMT frames that BayStream platforms support.

Table 2-1. SMT Frame Classes and Types

Frame Class Frame Type

Neighbor Information Frames (NIF) Request/Response Status Information Frames (SIF) Response Echo Frames (ECF) Response Request Denied Frames (RDF) Response Status Report Frames (SRF) Announcement Parameter Management Frames (PMF)

(PMF Get Response frames only) Response

Neighbor Information Frames identify the upstream and downstream neighbors of each node. After the nodes learn the addresses of their upstream neighbors, you can use the addresses to create a logical map showing the order in which nodes appear in the token path. A Bay Networks station issues a response to the sender of a NIF frame and generates NIF requests as part of the neighbor notiﬁcation process.

Status Information Frames exchange information about each node, including the status of each port on the node. You can use SIFs to create a physical map showing the position of each station in the FDDI network. There are two types of SIFs:

• SIF conﬁguration frames, which show the conﬁguration information of a

node.

• SIF operation frames, which show the operational information of a node. A

Bay Networks station issues a response to the sender of a SIF request frame.

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About Line Protocols

Echo Frames verify that nodes on an FDDI network can communicate with each other. Echo frames are used to test connectivity only. A node sends an echo request (which is a directed packet) to another FDDI node. The receiver of the echo request copies the data that appears in the information ﬁeld of the frame and transmits an echo response frame back to the originator of the echo request. A Bay Networks station issues a response to the sender of an echo request frame.

Request Denied Frames deny requests from the network. If the SMT agent receives a frame with an unsupported SMT version or an unknown frame type, it sends a Request Denied frame. A Bay Networks station issues an RDF Response frame.

Status Report Frames allow the Status Report protocol to report node conditions and events. A condition is when a node enters a speciﬁc state (for example, duplicate address detected). An event is an immediate occurrence (for example, the generation of a trace). A Bay Networks station issues an SRF announcement frame.

Parameter Management Frames allow the Parameter Management protocol to manage an FDDI node. A management station performs operations on the MIB attributes of a node by exchanging frames between the management station and the FDDI node. To obtain an attribute, the management station initiates a PMF Get Request frame. The FDDI node to which the PMF Get Request frame was sent responds by initiating a PMF Get Response frame. A Bay Networks station issues a response to the sender of a PMF Get Request frame.

FDDI Hardware

Bay Networks provides FDDI interfaces for multimode or single-mode 100 Mb/s FDDI LANs, including hybrid FDDI link modules for both single-mode and multimode ﬁber interfaces.

All FDDI interfaces support a Class A dual attachment or a dual homing Class B single attachment. The FDDI link and net modules include two Media Interface Connector (MIC) plugs as well as one RJ-11 connector for attachment to an optional external optical bypass unit.

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Token Ring Overview

T ok en Ring is a 4-Mb/s or 16-Mb/s token-passing, baseband LAN that operates in a ring topology. Token Ring conforms to the IEEE 802.5 standard. A Token Ring LAN uses shielded or unshielded twisted-pair cable.

Overview topics in this section include:

• Token Ring Topology

• Data Flow and Media Access Control The Token Ring/802.5 interface is IEEE 802.5-compatible with IEEE 802.2

Type 1 (connectionless) and Type 2 (connection-oriented) support. You can conﬁgure the interface to operate at 4 or 16 Mb/s to respond to different network requirements. The interface supports IBM Type 1 and Type 3 cabling.

Token Ring Topology

Stations on a Token Ring network attach to the network using a multistation access unit (MAU). Although the Token Ring is logically a ring, it is physically a star, with devices radiating from each MAU (F

igure 2-7).

MAUs connect a limited number of devices, typically two, four, or eight. You can extend the Token Ring by connecting the Ring Out (RO) port of one MAU to the Ring In (RI) port of the next (F connecting all RI and RO ports.

2-14 115391-A Rev. A

igure 2-7). You must complete the ring by

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About Line Protocols

RI RO

Figure 2-7. Token Ring LAN

MAUs

RI RO

LS0005A

Data Flow and Media Access Control

Devices on a Token Ring network get access to the media through token passing. Token and data pass to each station on the ring, as follows:

1. The devices pass the token around the ring until one of them needs to transmit

data.

2. The device that wants to transmit takes the token and replaces it with a frame.

3. Each device passes the frame to the next device, until the frame reaches its

destination.

4. As the frame passes to the intended recipient, the recipient sets certain bits in

the frame to indicate that it received the frame.

5. The original sender of the frame strips the frame data off the ring and issues a

new token.

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Overview of WAN Protocols

There are several types of BayStream platform circuits that support communication between two points on a WAN. This section provides information on these WAN circuits:

• E1 Overview

• HSSI Overview

• ISDN Overview

• MCE1 and MCT1 Overview

• Synchronous Overview

E1 Overview

• T1 Ov

Note: For information on ATM ARE or FRE-2 circuits, see Conﬁguring A TM

erview

Trunks. For information on ATM Data Exchange Interface (DXI), see Conﬁguring ATM DXI Trunks. ATM DXI operates over HSSI or synchronous

interfaces.

E1 services use digital signals to allow two pairs of wires to carry 30 voice or data transmissions. T

Table 2-2. Speciﬁcation for E1 Line

Attribute Value

Framing rate 8000 frames/s Channels per frame 32 Line speed 2.048 Mb/s

able 2-2 shows the speciﬁcation for an E1 line.

E1 services (2.048 CEPT) are the European equivalent of T1 services, and operate in a similar fashion. See “T1 Overview” for more information.

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HSSI Overview

The High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) provides a high-speed interface supporting bandwidth-intensive applications, such as host-to-host links, disaster recovery, and image processing. HSSI eliminates the typical bottleneck created by differences between LAN and WAN speeds.

The HSSI interface supports full-duplex synchronous bit rates from 300 Kb/s through to 52 Mb/s. HSSI provides connection to high-speed circuits such as T3/ES and SONET OC-1, and to high-speed WAN switching services including Frame Relay, SMDS, and ATM DXI.

HSSI link module also supports a remote line loopback mechanism to test circuit integrity. The DSU (DCE) signals and requests a loopback from the BayStream platform (data terminal equipment or DTE) to check the DTE-to-DCE connection. This loopback test speeds failure isolation and enhances network reliability.

ISDN Overview

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Basic Rate Interface (BRI) interface is an IEEE 802.9-compliant interface that allows an ASN to be directly connected to an ISDN switched services network. This interface eliminates the need for an external ISDN terminal adapter (TA) when attaching to an ISDN network. The ISDN BRI provides two 64-Kb/s B-channels for data and one 16-Kb/s D-channel for signaling.

About Line Protocols

ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) software interface connects a BLN and BCN directly to an ISDN switched service network via a Bay Networks Multichannel T1 (MCT1) or Multichannel E1 (MCE1) link module. Like the ISDN BRI, this interface eliminates the need for an external ISDN adapter when attaching a BayStream platform to an ISDN network.

ISDN PRI can connect to up to 30 remote locations over an ISDN switched network and complies with the North American and European ISDN PRI standards. The North American standard provides 23 B-channels of 64 Kb/s each and one 64 Kb/s D-channel. The European standard provides 30 B-channels plus one D-channel.

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MCE1 and MCT1 Overview

Multichannel E1 (MCE1) and T1 (MCT1) interfaces provide high-density access to digital access and crossconnect systems (DA CS). MCE1 also pro vides a v ariety of international PTT and Telecommunications Administration services.

Multichannel interfaces enable data to be segmented into multiple DS-0 connections. This allows you to maximizes remote link capacity by allowing individual DS-0 channels to be used separately or grouped. You can form Fractional T1 channels by grouping MCT1 DS-0s.

An MCT1 interface can transmit or receive up to 24 DS-0 (56/64 Kb/s) channels per DS-1 frame over leased point-to-point links. The MCE1 interface can transmit or receive up to 30 DS-0s (64 Kb/s).

The MCE1 and MCT1both include an integrated DSU/CSU for direct connection to an E1 or T1 network. The interfaces provide integrated support for loopback testing and basic error rate test (BERT) line testing.

Synchronous Overview

A synchronous interface connects a BayStream platform or switch to a DCE, such as DSUs, CSUs, and modems. The synchronous interface supports a range of physical connections including V.35, RS232, RS449/422 balanced, and X.21.

The synchronous interface supports many WAN software services, including PPP, Frame Relay, HDLC encapsulation, and ATM DXI. A single synchronous interface operates from 1200 b/s to a maximum of 2.048 Mb/s, full duplex.

The synchronous interface supports both leased and dial-up circuits. Dial Back-up, Dial-on-Demand, and Bandwidth-on-Demand using Raise DTR and V.25bis dial signaling are supported over V.35, RS232, and X.21 interfaces.

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T1 Overview

About Line Protocols

T1 services use digital signals to allow two pairs of wires to carry 24 voice or data transmissions. T

Table 2-3. Speciﬁcation for T1 Line

Attribute Value

Framing rate 8000 frames/s Channels per frame 24 Line speed 1.544 Mb/s

able 2-3 shows the speciﬁcation for a T1 line.

Frame Formats

T1 uses two types of frame formats:

•D4

• Extended superframe (ESF)

D4 is the original T1 frame format. A D4 frame (Figure 2-8) comprises

• One framing bit

•A DS0 timeslot for each channel on the line

A DS0 timeslot is an 8-bit sample from a channel.

A T1 line generates 8000 D4 frames/second.

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Framing bit

Figure 2-8. D4 Frame

Timeslot 24Timeslot 2Timeslot 1

LS0012A

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About Line Protocols

ESF

The D4 format does not allow testing of a digital line while the line is in use. To allow such testing, you can use the extended superframe (ESF).

An ESF comprises 24 D4 frames (F

igure 2-9). As each D4 frame contains a

framing bit, an ESF has 24 framing bits that it uses for the following purposes:

• Synchronization (6 bits)

• Error checking (6-bit cyclic redundancy check)

• Diagnostic data channel (12 bits)

Frame 24Frame 23Frame 2Frame 1

Framing bit

Extended superframe

LS0011A

Figure 2-9. Extended Superframe

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Bipolar Format

T1 and E1 use bipolar format for signals. In bipolar format, alternating positive and negative pulses on the digital line signify the number one, and the absence of a pulse signiﬁes zero (F positive pulse, and vice versa.

igure 2-10). A negative pulse must always follow a

Data

+3V

Line voltage

-3V

Figure 2-10. Bipolar Format

A long string of zeros on a T1 or E1 line would cause the line to lose synchronization due to lack of pulses. Bay Networks offers bipolar with 8-zero substitution (B8ZS) for T1 synchronization.

B8ZS substitutes a bipolar violation into a string of eight consecutive zeros at the transmitting end, and removes the bipolar violation at the receiving end. In a bipolar violation, the ﬁrst pulse is in the same direction (positive or negative) as the previous data pulse (F

11 10000

LS0009A

igure 2-11).

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About Line Protocols

Data

Line voltage

11 100000

Bipolar

violation

Substituted byte

Figure 2-11. Bipolar with 8-Zero Substitution

DSU/CSU

The Data Service Unit (DSU) provides the connection necessary for the DTE to connect to the T1 or E1 facility.

0000

LS0010A

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Page 63

The following sections describe how to change the default settings of the physical layer parameters for LAN interfaces:

• Editing CSMA/CD Lines

• Editing FDDI Lines

• Editing Token Ring Lines

Editing CSMA/CD Lines

Chapter 3

Customizing LAN Interfaces

This section describe how to change the default settings of the CSMA/CD line parameters:

• Enabling or Disabling an Ethernet Interface

• Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages

• Setting the BofL Interval

• Setting the 100-Mb/s Interface Line Speed

• Conﬁguring the CSMA/CD Automatic Negotiation Protocol

Note: For information on Ethernet LANs and the CSMA/CD protocol, see

“Ethernet Overview” in Cha

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pter 2.

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Configuring Line Services

Enabling or Disabling an Ethernet Interface

The BayStream software enables CSMA/CD line services when you add a 10 Mb/s or 100 Mb/s Ethernet interface. You can disable and reenable the Ethernet interface without moving physical cabling.

Site Manager: Enable parameter: page A-2

Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages

With Breath of Life (BofL) enabled, the BayStream software sends polling messages from this interface to all systems on the local network. BofL messages signify that the Ethernet line is up and functioning normally.

BofL messages are enabled by default on every Ethernet interface. You can disable and reenable BofL messages on an interface.

Site Manager: BofL Enable parameter: page A-2

Setting the BofL Interval

When BofL is enabled, a network timeout will occur if ﬁve periods elapse without a successful BofL message transmission. When timeout occurs, the BayStream software automatically disables and reenables the Ethernet interface. For example, if you set the BofL interval to 10 seconds, the interface must successfully transmit a BofL message within 50 seconds.

The BofL interval is 5 seconds by default. You can change the interval of BofL messages to a value from 1 through 60 seconds.

Site Manager: BofL Timeout parameter: page A-2

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Setting the 100-Mb/s Interface Line Speed

By default, the line speed for a 100 Mb/s Ethernet line is half-duplex over either twisted-pair or ﬁber cabling. You can set the 100-Mb/s Ethernet line speed and duplex setting to

• Automatic Line Negotiation (AUTO NEGOTIATION)

• 100Base-TX

• 100Base-FX

• 100Base FD (Full Duplex)

• 100Base FD with Congestion Control Note that using a speciﬁc line speed conﬁguration disables the automatic line

negotiation feature.

Automatic Line Negotiation

You can conﬁgure the BayStream software to automatically negotiate with remote nodes to determine the correct line speed conﬁguration to use on the interface.

Customizing LAN Interfaces

To enable automatic line negotiation, set the Interface Line Speed parameter to AUTO NEGOTIATION; then go to the section, “Conﬁ

guring the CSMA/CD

Automatic Negotiation Protocol.”

Full-Duplex Congestion Control

Currently, some vendors implement 100Base-T full-duplex operation with congestion control, a form of ﬂow control, while others do not. You must conﬁgure full-duplex operation with or without congestion control to be compatible with the remote equipment in your network.

Site Manager: Interface Line Speed parameter: page A-3

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Configuring Line Services

Conﬁguring the CSMA/CD Automatic Negotiation Protocol

When you set the line speed to Automatic Negotiation on a 100-Mb/s Ethernet line, the Conﬁguration Manager prompts for additional information (F

Figure 3-1. Auto Negotiation Conﬁguration Prompt

Click on Conﬁgure Line Capabilities. The Auto Neg Advertising Capabilities window appears (F

igure 3-2).

igure 3-1).

Figure 3-2. Auto Neg Advertising Capabilities Window

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Customizing LAN Interfaces

Selecting Line Advertising Capabilities

Site Manager negotiates with remote nodes that also have automatic line negotiation by advertising the capabilities of this 100-Mb/s interface. By default, Site Manager advertises 100Base-TX, both half- and full-duplex. Note that full-duplex support is without congestion control when negotiated automatically.

You can use Site Manager to set the advertised line speed to

• 100Base-TX, half-duplex only

• 100Base-TX, full-duplex only

• 100Base-TX, both half- and full-duplex

• No advertising To maximize throughput, operate at half duplex (the default setting). Conﬁguring

one of the full duplex settings will not increase throughput and may, in some cases, decrease throughput.

Use the full duplex setting to allow operation at greater distances over ﬁber optic cable. (For example, to connect to a 28115 over a 2-km ﬁber link, you would use the full duplex with ﬂow control setting and connect a copper-to-ﬁber adapter to the BayStream interface RJ45 port.).

Site Manager: Line Advertising Capabilities parameter: page A-4

Viewing Line Negotiation Status

To view the current line negotiation status:

1. Start at the Auto Negotiation Conﬁguration prompt (refer to Figure 3-1).

2. Click on View Auto Negotiation Status.

Note: Site Manager can report line negotiation status only in dynamic mode.

The Auto Negotiation State Information window appears (F window provides details about the current line conﬁguration. T

igure 3-3). This

able 3-1

provides information about the status display.

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Configuring Line Services

Figure 3-3. Sample Auto Negotiation State Information Window

Table 3-1. 100-Mb/s Ethernet Auto Negotiation State Information

Category State Displayed Description

Auto Neg State Auto Neg Process Completed The BayStream software and the endstation

have successfully negotiated a line speed and data transmission is taking place.

Auto Neg Process Occurring The BayStream software and the endstation

are currently negotiating a line speed.

State Unknown The BayStream software and the endstation

cannot begin line negotiation, probably because the remote station does not have automatic line negotiation capability.

Agreed Speed 100Base-TX The line is processing at 100 Mb/s half-duplex.

100Base-TX Full Duplex The line is processing at 100 Mb/s full-duplex.

Remote Capability

Local Capability 100Base-TX This indicates the line speed or speeds that

Any valid CSMA/CD line speed This indicates the line speed conﬁguration that

the remote endstation is currently advertising for this line.

100Base-TX Full Duplex 100Base-TX; 100Base-TX Full Duplex

the BayStream software is currently advertising for this line (the current setting of the Line Advertising Capabilities parameter).

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Proceed as follows, depending on the status of the transaction:

• If negotiation or data transmission is taking place, click on OK. The Auto Negotiation State Information window closes, and negotiation

or data transmission continues.

• If there is a problem with the line, click on Restart. This action resets all automatic line negotiation parameters and restarts

the line negotiation process.

Editing FDDI Lines

The following sections describe the FDDI line parameters that you can edit:

Customizing LAN Interfaces

• Ena

bling or Disabling the FDDI Interface

• Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages

• Setting the BofL Interval

• Editing FDDI Station Management Attributes

• Enabling or Disabling Media Access Control LLC

• Editing FDDI Path Attributes

• Editing FDDI Port Attributes

Note: For information on FDDI, see “FDDI Overview” in Chapter 2.

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Configuring Line Services

Enabling or Disabling the FDDI Interface

The BayStream software enables FDDI line services when you add the interface. You can disable and reenable the interface without moving physical cables.

Site Manager: Enable parameter: page A-4

Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages

With Breath of Life (BofL) enabled, the BayStream software sends polling messages from this interface to all systems on the local network. BofL messages signify that the FDDI interface is up and functioning normally.

With both this parameter and the LLC Data Enable parameter enabled, the router disables the LLC interface after the time you specify using the BofL Timeout parameter if the link becomes unavailable. When you set this parameter to Disable, the router disables the LLC interface immediately after the link becomes unavailable.

By default, BofL messages are enabled when you add the interface. You can disable and reenable BofL messages on an interface.

Site Manager: BofL Enable parameter: page A-5

Setting the BofL Interval

The BofL interval is how long the router waits before disabling the LLC interf ace when the link becomes unavailable and BofL is enabled.

By default, the BofL interval is 5 seconds. You can change the interval of BofL messages on an interface to a value from 1 through 60 seconds.

Site Manager: BofL Timeout parameter: page A-5

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Editing FDDI Station Management Attributes

The SMT standard deﬁnes the protocols for managing the Physical Layer Media Dependent (PMD), the Physical Layer Protocol (PHY), and the Media Access Control (MAC) components of FDDI. The SMT protocols monitor and control the activity of each node on the ring. For more information, see “FDDI SMT” in

pter 2.

Cha

To edit the SMT attributes for an FDDI line:

1. Click on Expert at the Edit FDDI Parameters window.

Customizing LAN Interfaces

The FDDI Advanced Attributes window appears (F

Figure 3-4. FDDI Advanced Attributes Window

Caution: Changing any of the FDDI Advanced Attributes parameters will

igure 3-4).

affect the operation of your FDDI network. You should understand how to use each of these parameters to improve network performance before you modify any of them.

Click on SMT Attributes.

The FDDI SMT Attributes window appears (F

igure 3-5).

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Configuring Line Services

Figure 3-5. FDDI SMT Attributes Window

Specifying the SMT Connection Policy

An FDDI station sets the corresponding policy for each of the connection types that it wants to reject. The policy descriptor takes the form “rejectX-Y” where X denotes the physical connection (PC) type of the local port, and Y denotes the PC type of the neighbor port. X and Y can take the following values:

• A - Indicates that the port is a dual-attachment station or concentrator that attaches to the primary IN and the secondary OUT when attaching to the dual FDDI ring

• B - Indicates that the port is a dual-attachment station or concentrator that attaches to the secondary IN and the primary OUT when attaching to the dual FDDI ring

• S - Indicates a port in a single-attachment station or concentrator

• M - Indicates a port in a concentrator that serves as a master to a connected station or concentrator

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Customizing LAN Interfaces

T o set the connection policies that you w ant this line to reject, you specify a status word to a value from 0x0 through 0xffff. Start with a value of zero for the status word (all bits set to 0).

For each connection policy that you want the node to reject, add to the status word value the number 2 raised to a power speciﬁed in T

able 3-2. This is equivalent to

setting a bit to 1 for each policy that you want the node to reject.

able 3-2 lists the powers and the bits for each policy range.

Table 3-2. SMT Connection Policy Values

Policy

rejectA-A 0 rejectS-A 8 rejectA-B 1 rejectS-B 9 rejectA-S 2 rejectS-S 10 rejectA-M 3 rejectS-M 11 rejectB-A 4 rejectM-A 12 rejectB-B 5 rejectM-B 13 rejectB-S 6 rejectM-S 14 rejectB-M 7 rejectM-M 15

igure 3-6 shows the default connection policy, status word 0xff65.

Power (Bit Number)

Policy

Power (Bit Number)

Note: You set the status word value to reﬂect local connection policies. Setting

a particular connection policy does not necessarily mean that the station will reject the connection. The SMT standard requires that both sides of the connection must agree to reject, or else both sides must accept, the connection. The SMT standard requires that you set Bit 15 (rejectM-M) to 1.

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Bit 15 Bit 0

1 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 11 00 1

Represents 0xff65

Accept A-B Accept A-M

Accept B-A Accept B-M

LS0001A

Figure 3-6. Default Connection Policy Status Word

Site Manager: Connection Policy parameter: page A-6

Specifying the Neighbor Notiﬁcation Interval

You can set the interval between successful iterations of the Neighbor Notiﬁcation Protocol on in interface to a value from 2 through 30 seconds. By default, the interval is 22 seconds. This interval

• Determines the MAC addresses of the FDDI upstream and downstream neighbors

• Detects duplicate MAC addresses on the ring

• Generates periodic “keepalive” trafﬁc that veriﬁes the local MAC transmit and receive paths

Site Manager: T_Notify Timeout parameter: page A-6

Specifying the Propagation Expiration TIme

By default, the maximum propagation time for a trace on an FDDI topology is 7 seconds. You can set the propagation expiration time to a value from 6001 through 256000 ms.

Site Manager: Trace Max Expiration (ms) parameter: page A-8

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Enabling or Disabling Status Report Frames

By default, the FDDI line generates status report frames (SRFs) for its implemented events (for example, high bit errors, topology changes, trace status events, MAC frame error condition, port LER condition, and MAC duplicate address condition).

You can disable the line from or reenable the line to send status report frames. W e recommend enabling SRFs to ensure that your FDDI network is ANSI-compliant.

Site Manager: Status Report Protocol parameter: page A-8

Enabling or Disabling Duplicate Addressing

By default, the BayStream software implements an optional ANSI duplicate address test involving periodic transmission of Netw ork Service Address Network Interface Function (NSA NIF) frames to the source.

You can disable or reenable duplicate addressing on an interface.

Site Manager: Duplicate Address Protocol parameter: page A-8

Entering User Data

You can enter up to 32 alphanumeric characters of site-speciﬁc information to be attached to SIF frames.

Site Manager: User Data parameter: page A-7

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Enabling or Disabling Media Access Control LLC

By default, the interface to the MAC entity is available to exchange PDUs between the MAC and the local LLC entity when the ring becomes operational. Enabling or disabling this attribute does not affect transferring and receiving MAC or SMT frame types.

You can specify whether the MAC is available to transmit and receive Logical Link Control (LLC) Protocol Data Units (PDUs) on an interface.

Site Manager: LLC Data Enable parameter: page A-9

To edit the MAC attributes for an FDDI line:

1. Click on Expert at the Edit FDDI Parameters window.

The FDDI Advanced Attributes window appears (refer to F

2. Click on MAC.

3. Click on MAC Attributes.

The FDDI MAC Attributes window appears.

Caution: Changing any of the FDDI Advanced Attributes parameters will

affect the operation of your FDDI network. You should understand how to use each of these parameters to improve network performance before you modify any of them.

Editing FDDI Path Attributes

You can set the target token rotation time (TTRT) carried in claim frames issued by the FDDI station, by specifying a:

• Requested TTRT

• Maximum TTRT

• Minimum Valid Transmission Time (TVX)

In Site Manager, these are known as path attributes. F relationship.

igure 3-4).

igure 3-7 illustrates their

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TVX

0 ms

lower bound

Requested TTRT

2.5 ms

T_Max lower bound

1336.9344 ms

LS0015A

Figure 3-7. Range of Values for FDDI Path Attributes

To edit the path attributes for an FDDI line:

1. Click on Expert at the Edit FDDI Parameters window.

The FDDI Advanced Attributes window appears (see F

igure 3-4).

2. Click on Path Attributes.

The FDDI Path Attributes window appears.

Caution: Be extremely careful when editing FDDI path parameters such as

Requested TTRT. You should change the default values only if the network is part of a production or other specialized environment that requires customizing the parameters.

Specifying the Requested TTRT

The Requested TTRT value must be

• Greater than the minimum Valid T ransmission T ime (TVX), speciﬁed with the TVX Lower Bound parameter

• Less than or equal to the maximum TTRT (T_Max Lower Bound parameter).

Refer to F

igure 3-7 for the valid range of values for Requested TTRT, in relation

to the other TTRT parameters.

Site Manager: Requested TTRT (ms) parameter: page A-10

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Specifying the Minimum Valid Transmission Time

The minimum TVX must be

• Greater than zero

• Less than the Requested TTRT value

By default, the minimum TVX is 2.5 ms. Refer to F values for TVX Lower Bound, in relation to the other TTRT parameters.

Site Manager: Tvx Lower Bound (ms) parameter: page A-9

Specifying the Maximum TTRT

The Maximum TTRT value must be

• Greater than or equal to 10 ms

• Greater than or equal to the value of the Requested TTRT parameter

• Less than or equal to 1336.9344 ms

Refer to F

igure 3-7 for the range of values for T_Max Lower Bound, in relation to

the other TTRT parameters.

Site Manager: T_Max Lower Bound (ms) parameter: page A-10

Editing FDDI Port Attributes

To edit the port attributes for an FDDI line:

1. Click on Expert at the Edit FDDI Parameters window.

igure 3-7 for the range of

The FDDI Advanced Attributes window appears (refer to F

2. Click on Port Attributes.

igure 3-4).

The FDDI Port Attributes window appears.

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Specifying the LER Cutoff

The LER is an estimate at which a link connection is broken. The LER cutoff

-4

ranges from 10

to 10

logarithm. By default, the LER cutoff is 10 You can set the LER cutoff for an interface.

Site Manager: LER Cutoff parameter: page A-11

Specifying the Link Error Rate Alarm

The LER alarm rate is an estimate at which a link connection generates an alarm. The LER alarm ranges from 10 the base 10 logarithm of the estimate. By default, the LER alarm is 10

Site Manager: LER Alarm parameter: page A-11

Editing Token Ring Lines

The following sections describe the Token Ring line parameters that you can edit:

• Enabling or Disabling a Token Ring Interface

• Specifying a MAC Address Source

-15

and is reported as the absolute value of the base 10

-4

to 10

-7

-15

and is reported as the absolute value of

-8

• Specifying the Ring Speed

• Enabling or Disabling Early Token Release

Note: For information on Token Ring LANs, see “Token Ring Overview” in

pter 2.

Cha

Enabling or Disabling a Token Ring Interface

By default, Site Manager enables Token Ring line services when you add the interface. You can disable and reenable the interface without moving physical cabling.

Site Manager: Enable parameter: page A-12

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Specifying a MAC Address Source

By default, the Token Ring interface uses the MAC address in PROM on the link module. You can set the source for MAC addresses on a Token Ring interface to

• BOXWIDE -- the interface uses a MAC address that the software generates from the BayStream platform’s serial number.

• PROM -- the interface uses a MAC address from programmable read-only memory on the Token Ring link module.

• CNFG -- you explicitly assign a MAC address with the MAC Address Override parameter.

Site Manager: MAC Address Select parameter: page A-13

Specifying the Ring Speed

You can set the ring speed for a Tok en Ring interface to 4 or 16 Mb/s. By default, the ring speed is 16 Mb/s.

Site Manager: Speed parameter: page A-13

If you use 16 Mb/s, the BayStream software enables the Early Token Release protocol, which is used extensively on 16-Mb/s media. In the unlikely event that you want to disable Early Token Release over 16-Mb/s Token Ring media, disable Early Token Release as described in the next section.

Enabling or Disabling Early Token Release

Early token release indicates that the token can return to the ring before the recipient copies all data. By default, Site Manager enables early token release on an interface.

You can disable or reenable early token release on an interface only when the Ring Speed is16 Mb/s.

Site Manager: Early Token Release parameter: page A-13

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Chapter 4

Customizing W AN Interfaces

The following sections describe how to change the default settings of line parameters for ATM, E1/T1, and HSSI WAN interfaces:

• Editing ATM ARE Lines

• Editing ATM FRE-2 Lines

• Editing E1 Lines

• Editing HSSI Lines

• Editing T1 Lines

To edit synchronous and asynchronous line services, see Chapter 5. To edit Multichannel E1 (MCE1) and Multichannel T1 (MCT1) lines, see Chapter 6. To edit line details for ATM DXI, follow the procedure for customizing HSSI lines later in this chapter, or synchronous lines in Chapter 5.

Editing ATM ARE Lines

The type of ATM link module that you use in the BayStream platform determines how you edit the line details. For information about selecting and conﬁguring ATM link modules, refer to Conﬁguring ATM Trunks.

This section describes how to edit line details for these ATM ARE link modules:

• AG13110112 ARE OC-3, MM

• AG13110113 ARE OC-3, SM

• A G13110114 ARE, DS3

• A G13110115 ARE, E3

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You can edit ATM ARE line parameters for

• Enabling or Disabling the ATM ARE Driver

• Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

• Enabling or Disabling Data Path Notify

• Setting the Data Path Notify Timeout

• Enabling or Disabling the SVC Inactivity Timeout

• Setting the SVC Inactivity Timeout

• Setting the Framing Mode

• Setting the Clock Source

• Setting the Physical Line Length (DS3 Modules Only)

• Enabling or Disabling DS3/E3 Scrambling

Enabling or Disabling the ATM ARE Driver

By default, the BayStream software enables ATM ARE line services when you add the interface to the conﬁguration ﬁle. You can disable and reenable the interface without moving physical cabling.

Site Manager: Enable parameter: page A-19

Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

By default, the MTU (or, maximum packet size) on the ATM ARE interface is 4608 octets. You can change the MTU to a value from 1 through 9188 octets.

Site Manager: Interface MTU parameter: page A-19

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Enabling or Disabling Data Path Notify

If the cable becomes disconnected from the ATM module, the BayStream software disables the interface between the driver and the higher-level software (the data path interface) after a period of time you specify with the Data Path Notify Timeout parameter .

You can disable and reenable Data Path Enable on the interface.

Site Manager: Data Path Enable parameter: page A-20

If you select Disable and disconnect the cable from the ATM module, the BayStream software does not disable the data path interface. If you select Enable, be sure to set an appropriate value for the Data Path Notify Timeout parameter.

Setting the Data Path Notify Timeout

When the Data Path Enable parameter is set to Enable and cable becomes disconnected from the ATM module, the BayStream software waits a default timeout period of 1 second before disabling the interface between the driver and the higher-level software (the data path interface).

Customizing WAN Interfaces

You can change the Data Path Notify Timeout on the interface to a value from 0 through 3600 seconds.

Site Manager: Data Path Notify Timeout parameter: page A-20

Enabling or Disabling the SVC Inactivity Timeout

You can enable or disable the SVC Inactivity Timeout Enable on the interface.

Site Manager: SVC Inactivity Timeout (Secs) parameter: page A-21

If you select Enable, the BayStream software disables any switched virtual circuit (SVC) that receives or transmits no cells, for the number of seconds you specify using the SVC Inactivity Timeout (Secs) parameter.

If you select Disable, the BayStream software keeps SVCs open unless you close them by another method.

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Setting the SVC Inactivity Timeout

With the SVC Inactivity Timeout enabled, the BayStream software closes the SVC if it receives or transmits no cells for a default timeout period of 1200 seconds (20 minutes).

You can set the SVC Inactivity Timeout (Secs) parameter to a value from 60 through 3600 seconds.

Site Manager: SVC Inactivity Timeout Enable parameter: page A-21

Setting the Framing Mode

You can set the transceiver mode for the physical interface (framing mode) on this interface to

• SONET or SDH, for OC-3 modules

• CBIT or M23, for DS3 modules

• G751 or G832, for E3 modules

You can use Site Manager to select the framing mode.

Site Manager: Framing Mode parameter: page A-21

By default, Site Manager sets the framing mode to SONET.

Setting the Clock Source

By default, the BayStream software uses its internal clock for time signals on this interface.

You can use Site Manager to select an external clock as the Clocking Signal Source on the interface.

Site Manager: Clocking Signal Source parameter: page A-22

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Setting the Physical Line Length (DS3 Modules Only)

By default, the BayStream software conditions signals to mitigate attenuation for lines less than 225 ft. (75 m).

You can use Site Manager to set the DS3 Line Build Out for the physical length of the line on the interface.

Site Manager: DS3 Line Build Out parameter: page A-22

Select Short for lines less than 225 ft. Select Long for lines 225 ft. or greater. You can set this parameter only when using DS3 modules.

Enabling or Disabling DS3/E3 Scrambling

ATM devices with different scrambling settings cannot communicate. For example, if you conﬁgure a BayStream platform to enable scrambling, and conﬁgure a hub to disable scrambling, the BayStream platform and hub cannot communicate.

You can turn DS3/E3 Scrambling on or off for this interface.

Site Manager: DS3/E3 Scrambling parameter: page A-23

If you select On, the BayStream software randomizes cell payload sufﬁciently to guarantee cell synchronization. Be sure to enable scrambling for all devices on the network.

If you select Off, be sure to disable scrambling for all devices on the network. Be aware that cell synchronization problems may result.

Note: ATM devices with different scrambling settings cannot communicate.

For example, if you conﬁgure a BayStream platform to enable scrambling, and conﬁgure a hub to disable scrambling, the BayStream platform and hub cannot communicate.

You can set this parameter only when using DS3 and E3 modules.

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Editing ATM FRE-2 Lines

The type of ATM link module you use in the BayStream platform determines how you edit the line details. For information about selecting and conﬁguring ATM link modules, refer to Conﬁguring ATM T runks.

This section describes how to edit the line details for ATM FRE-2 link modules:

• 74023 ATM FRE-2 OC-3, MM

• 74024 ATM FRE-2 OC-3, SM

To edit line details for ATM DXI, follow the procedure for customizing synchronous lines in Chapter 5.

You can edit ATM FRE-2 parameters for

• Enabling or Disabling an ATM FRE-2 Circuit

• Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

• Enabling or Disabling Data Path Notify

• Setting the Data Path Notify Timeout

• Enabling or Disabling the SVC Inactivity Timeout

• Setting the SVC Inactivity Timeout

• Editing ATM/ALC Physical Attributes

Enabling or Disabling an ATM FRE-2 Circuit

By default, the BayStream software enables ATM FRE-2 line services when you add the interface to the conﬁguration ﬁle.

You can disable or reenable this interface without moving the physical cabling.

Site Manager: Enable parameter: page A-23

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Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

By default, the MTU on the ATM FRE-2 interface is 4608 octets. You can set the largest packet size that the BayStream software can transmit on this interface to a value from 1 through 9188 octets.

Site Manager: Interface MTU parameter: page A-24

Enabling or Disabling Data Path Notify

If the physical interface stops operating (for example, the cable becomes disconnected from the ATM FRE-2 module), the BayStream software disables the interface between the driver and the higher -le v el software (the data path interface) after a period of time you specify with the Data Path Notify Timeout parameter.

You can disable and reenable Data Path Notify for this interface.

Site Manager: Data Path Enable parameter: page A-24

Customizing WAN Interfaces

If you select Disable, the BayStream software does not disable the data path interface when the physical interface stops operating.

If you select Enable, be sure to set an appropriate value for the Data Path Notify Timeout parameter.

Setting the Data Path Notify Timeout

When the Data Path Notify parameter is enabled, the BayStream software waits a default value of 3 seconds before disabling the interface. You can set the timeout period to a value from 0 to 3600 seconds on this interface.

Site Manager: Data Path Notify Timeout parameter: page A-24

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Configuring Line Services

Enabling or Disabling the SVC Inactivity Timeout

With the SVC Inactivity Timeout parameter enabled, the BayStream software disables any switched virtual circuit (SVC) on which it receives or transmits no cells, for the number of seconds you specify using the SVC Inactivity Timeout (Secs) parameter.

If the SVC Inactivity Timeout is disabled, the BayStream software keeps SVCs open unless you close them by another method.

You can enable or disable the SVC Inactivity Timeout Enable on the interface.

Site Manager: SVC Inactivity Timeout Enable parameter: page A-25

Setting the SVC Inactivity Timeout

When the SVC Inactivity Timeout is enabled, the BayStream software closes the SVC if it receives or transmits no cells for a default value of 1200 seconds (20 minutes).

You can set the SVC Inactivity Timeout on the interface to a value from 60 through 3600 seconds.

Site Manager: SVC Inactivity Timeout (Secs) parameter: page A-25

Editing ATM/ALC Physical Attributes

You need to edit ATM/ALC physical attributes only when conﬁguring a SONET OC-3 line. Topic in this section include

• Setting the Framing Mode

• Enabling or Disabling Scrambling

• Enabling or Disabling Loopback

• Conﬁguring Cell Insertion

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Customizing WAN Interfaces

Setting the Framing Mode

By default, the framing mode is SONET. You can change the framing mode to SDH, or back to SONET.

Site Manager: Framing Mode parameter: page A-25

Enabling or Disabling Scrambling

Scrambling randomizes cell payload to guarantee cell synchronization. Scrambling is enabled by default when you add the ATM ALC interface. You can disable and reenable scrambling on the interface.

Site Manager: Scrambling parameter: page A-26

Note: Disabling scrambling may cause cell synchronization problems.

Enabling or Disabling Loopback

In loopback diagnostic mode, the BayStream software retransmits received data to the sender. By default, loopback mode is disabled when you add the ATM ALC interface. You can enable and disable diagnostic loopback for the interface.

Site Manager: Loopback parameter: page A-26

Conﬁguring Cell Insertion

In the absence of user cells, the framer device ﬁlls idle bandwidth with either idle or unassigned cells. You can conﬁgure Cell Insertion for idle or unassigned cells. By default, the BayStream software ﬁlls idle bandwidth with unassigned cells.

Site Manager: Cell Insertion parameter: page A-26

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Configuring Line Services

Editing E1 Lines

The following sections describe how to change the default settings for E1 link modules:

• Enabling or Disabling an E1 Line

• Enabling or Disabling CRC Checking

• Enabling or Disabling High-Density Bipolar Coding

• Setting the Clock Source

• Assigning Channel Functions

Enabling or Disabling an E1 Line

By default, the BayStream software enables E1 line services when you add the interface. You can disable or reenable this interface without moving physical cabling.

Site Manager: Enable parameter: page A-27

Enabling or Disabling CRC Checking

Some E1 equipment expects a 4-byte Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) trailer at the end of each frame. You can conﬁgure this interface to add the CRC trailer to received frames by enabling it as a a CRC Line Type.

Site Manager: Line Type parameter: page A-28

By default, the CRC trailer is not added to received E1 frames. Set CRC Checking to E1CRC4 if the E1 equipment expects a 4-byte CRC trailer at the end of each frame.

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Customizing WAN Interfaces

Enabling or Disabling High-Density Bipolar Coding

E1 uses bipolar format for signals. In bipolar format, alternating positive and negative pulses on the digital line signify the number one, and the absence of a pulse signiﬁes zero. A negative pulse must always follow a positive pulse, and vice versa. High-Density Bipolar Coding (HDB3S) is a mechanism to maintain sufﬁcient 1s density within the E1 data stream. Refer to the “Bipolar Format” in Chapter 2 for more information.

HDB3S support is disabled by default. You can enable or disable High-Density Bipolar Coding on this interface, depending on the ability of the associated E1 equipment to support HDB3S.

Site Manager: HDB3S Support parameter: page A-27

Setting the Clock Source

The E1 equipment associated with an E1 interface must use a compatible transmit clock. The E1 interface supports three sources for the transmit clock:

• Internal -- Indicates that the BayStream software sets the clock.

• Slave -- Indicates that the incoming data stream sets the clock

• Manual -- Indicates that jumpers on the E1 link module set the clock.

By default, the E1 interface uses manual clock mode, determined by hardware conﬁguration jumpers. (Refer to Installing and Maintaining BN Routers or Installing and Maintaining ASN Routers and BNX Platforms for information on conﬁguring the E1 module’s hardware jumpers.)

You can set the Clock Mode on this interface.

Site Manager: Clock Mode parameter: page A-27

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Configuring Line Services

Assigning Channel Functions

Unless you change the default channel function, each E1 channel on an interface is idle by default.

You can assign these functions:

• Data -- Assigns the channel to data pass-through (E1 connector to E1 connector)

• Voice -- Assigns the channel to voice pass-through (E1 connector to E1 connector)

• Circuit 1 -- Assigns the channel to the ﬁrst E1 connector

• Circuit 2 -- Assigns the channel to the second E1 connector

• Idle -- Makes the channel idle

Circuit Assignment

You cannot allocate an E1 channel to more than one E1 circuit. For example, if you allocate Channels 17 through 25 to Circuit 1 on the ﬁrst E1 connector, you must make these channels idle or allocate them to Circuit 2 on the second E1 connector.

Data and Voice Pass-Through

To enable data and voice pass-through, assign identical channels to data or voice on both E1 connectors.

For example, if the ﬁrst E1 connector allocates Channels 2 through 8 to voice pass-through and Channels 9 through 16 to data pass-through, the second E1 connector must also allocate Channels 2 through 8 to voice pass-through, and Channels 9 through 16 to data pass-through.

You can assign a speciﬁc function to E1 channels.

Site Manager: Mini Dacs parameter: page A-28

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Editing HSSI Lines

The following sections describe how to change the default settings for HSSI link modules:

• Enabling or Disabling a HSSI Line

• Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages

• Setting the BofL Interval

• Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit Buffer Size

• Setting the Transmission Interface

• Viewing the Conﬁgured WAN Protocol

• Setting the External Clock Speed

• Setting the CRC Size

Enabling or Disabling a HSSI Line

Customizing WAN Interfaces

By default, the BayStream software enables HSSI line services when you add the interface. You can enable or disable this interface without moving physical cabling.

Site Manager: Enable parameter: page A-28

Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages

By default, the BayStream software transmits proprietary Ethernet-encapsulated Breath of Life (BofL) messages over a point-to-point connection between the local BayStream platform and a remote peer. The exchange of BofL messages provides a level of conﬁdence in the point-to-point connection.

With BofL enabled, the BayStream software sends periodic keepali v e messages to the remote peer. If you enable BofL locally, you must also conﬁgure the remote peer to enable BofL.

We recommend that you enable BofL for point-to-point connections between Bay Networks peers. However, you must disable BofL if such a connection occurs through a wide area transport service such as Frame Relay or SMDS.

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Configuring Line Services

You can enable or disable transmission of BofL messages on this interface.

Site Manager: BofL parameter: page A-29

Setting the BofL Interval

This parameter is valid only if BofL is enabled on the interface. After sending a BofL message, the BayStream software starts a timer that has a

value equal to 5 times the setting of this parameter. If the BayStream platform does not receive a BofL message from the remote peer before the timer expires, the BayStream software disables the HSSI circuit, and then attempts to restart it.

Both ends of the point-to-point connection must be conﬁgured with the same interval value.

You can set the BofL interval to a value from 1 through 60 seconds on this interface.

Site Manager: BofL Frequency parameter: page A-29

Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit Buffer Size

The default buffer size for the HSSI interface, or Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU), is 4608 bytes. The MTU determines the largest frame that can travel across the HSSI interface.

You can specify an MTU of 3 to 4608 bytes on this interface.

Site Manager: MTU parameter: page A-30

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Viewing the Conﬁgured WAN Protocol

You can view which WAN protocol is enabled on this HSSI circuit:

• Standard

• PassThru

• PPP

• SMDS

• Frame Relay

Accept this setting; changing it does not reconﬁgure the interface.

Site Manager: WAN Protocol parameter: page A-30

Setting the Transmission Interface

You can select the appropriate MIB for the local management interface (LMI) to use, providing you enable LMI and conﬁgure SMDS or Frame Relay across the HSSI interface. Select one of the following MIBs, depending on the carrier services the attached DCE device provides:

Customizing WAN Interfaces

• DS1, at 1.54 MB/s (speciﬁed by RFC 1233)

• DS3, at 44.736 MB/s (speciﬁed by RFC 1232)

The HSSI driver enables the DS1 MIB by default, but provides no support for either the DS1 or DS3 MIB. Rather, the external DCE (for example, a DL3200 SMDS CSU/DSU from Digital Link) may provide MIB support.

Site Manager: Transmission Interface parameter: page A-30

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Setting the External Clock Speed

The HSSI speciﬁcation requires that the DCE provide a transmit clock that times data transfer across the DTE/DCE interface. The External Clock Speed parameter speciﬁes the bandwidth that the HSSI channel provides.

The External Clock Speed value does not actually affect hardware initialization. Some routing protocol software uses this parameter value for route selection.

You can set the external clock speed to a rate from 307200 through 52638515 bytes per second.

Site Manager: External Clock Speed parameter: page A-31

Select a value equal or close to the data transmission rate across the HSSI. By default, the HSSI clock rate is 46359642 (44.736 MB/s).

Setting the CRC Size

CRC size speciﬁes an error detection scheme. You can choose either 16-bit (standard ITU-T) or 32-bit (extended) to detect errors in the packet. The remote end of the HSSI connection must be conﬁgured for the same CRC size.

You can set the CRC Size for this HSSI interface.

Site Manager: CRC Size parameter: page A-31

Editing T1 Lines

The following sections describe how to change the default settings for T1 interfaces:

• Enabling or Disabling a T1 Line

• Setting the T1 Frame Type

• Enabling or Disabling Bipolar with 8-Zero Substitution

• Specifying the Physical Line Length

• Setting the Internal Clock Mode

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Enabling or Disabling a T1 Line

The BayStream software enables T1 line services when you add the interface. Y ou can enable or disable this interface without moving the physical cabling.

Site Manager: Enable parameter: page A-71

Setting the T1 Frame Type

T1 uses two types of frame formats:

•D4

• Extended superframe (ESF)

The frame format of the interface should match the frame format that the associated T1 equipment requires. By default, the T1 interface uses ESF framing format. For detailed information about D4 and ESF frame formats, see the “T1 Overview” section in Chapter 2.

You can set the Frame Type for this interface.

Customizing WAN Interfaces

Site Manager: Frame Type parameter: page A-71

Enabling or Disabling Bipolar with 8-Zero Substitution

T1 uses bipolar format for signals. In bipolar format, alternating positive and negative pulses on the digital line signify the number one, and the absence of a pulse signiﬁes zero.

A long string of zeros on a T1 line would cause the line to lose synchronization due to lack of pulses. Bay Networks offers Bipolar with 8-Zero Substitution (B8ZS) for T1 synchronization.

Refer to the “T1 Overview” section in Chapter 2 for detailed information. You can enable or disable B8ZS support on this interface, depending on the ability

of the associated T1 equipment to support B8ZS.

Site Manager: B8ZS Support parameter: page A-71

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Configuring Line Services

Specifying the Physical Line Length

Line Buildout conditions the signals to mitigate attenuation, and depends on the physical length of the T1 line. You can conﬁgure a line length to a value from 1 through 655 ft. By default, the T1 Line Buildout is based on a physical line length of 1 foot.

You can conﬁgure the approximate length of the cable connecting the BayStream platform and the associated T1 equipment for this interface.

Site Manager: Line Buildout parameter: page A-72

Setting the Internal Clock Mode

The T1 equipment associated with a T1 interface must use a compatible transmit clock. The T1 interface supports three sources for the transmit clock:

• Internal -- Indicates that the BayStream software sets the clock.

• Slave -- Indicates that the incoming data stream sets the clock

• Manual -- Indicates that jumpers on the T1 link or net module set the clock.

You can set the Clock Mode on this interface. By default, the T1 interface uses manual clock mode, determined by hardware

conﬁguration jumpers. Refer to Installing T1 Link Modules in BN Platforms for information on conﬁguring the T1 module’s hardware jumpers.

Site Manager: Clock Mode parameter: page A-72

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Assigning Channel Functions

Each T1 channel on an interface is idle by default. You can assign the following functions:

• Data -- Assigns the channel to data pass-through (T1 connector to T1 connector)

• Voice -- Assigns the channel to voice pass-through (T1 connector to T1 connector)

• Circuit 1 -- Assigns the channel to the ﬁrst T1 connector

• Circuit 2 -- Assigns the channel to the second T1 connector

• Idle -- Makes the channel idle

Circuit Assignment

You cannot allocate a T1 channel to more than one T1 circuit. For example, if you allocate Channels 17 through 24 to Circuit 1 on the ﬁrst T1 connector, you must make these channels idle or allocate them to Circuit 2 on the second T1 connector .

Customizing WAN Interfaces

Data and Voice Pass-Through

To enable data and voice pass-through, assign identical channels to data or voice on both T1 connectors. For example, if the ﬁrst T1 connector allocates Channels 1 through 8 to voice pass-through and Channels 9 through 16 to data pass-through, the second T1 connector must also allocate Channels 1 through 8 to voice pass-through and Channels 9 through 16 to data pass-through.

You can assign speciﬁc functions to T1 channels.

Site Manager: Mini Dacs parameter: page A-73

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Avaya Line User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Figures

Tables

About This Guide

Audience

Before Y ou Begin

Conventions

Acronyms

Ordering Bay Networks Publications

Technical Support and Online Services

Bay Networks Customer Service

Bay Networks Information Services

W orld Wide Web

Customer Service FTP

Support Source CD

CompuServe

InfoFACTS

How to Get Help

What’s the Default?

Accessing Line Services with Site Manager

Overview of LAN Protocols

Ethernet Overview

FDDI Overview

Token Ring Overview

Overview of WAN Protocols

E1 Overview

HSSI Overview

ISDN Overview

MCE1 and MCT1 Overview

Synchronous Overview

T1 Overview

Editing CSMA/CD Lines

Enabling or Disabling an Ethernet Interface

Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages

Setting the BofL Interval

Setting the 100-Mb/s Interface Line Speed

Editing FDDI Lines

Enabling or Disabling the FDDI Interface

Enabling or Disabling Breath of Life Messages

Setting the BofL Interval

Editing FDDI Station Management Attributes

Enabling or Disabling Media Access Control LLC

Editing FDDI Path Attributes

Editing FDDI Port Attributes

Editing Token Ring Lines

Enabling or Disabling a Token Ring Interface

Specifying a MAC Address Source

Specifying the Ring Speed

Enabling or Disabling Early Token Release

Editing ATM ARE Lines

Enabling or Disabling the ATM ARE Driver

Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

Enabling or Disabling Data Path Notify

Setting the Data Path Notify Timeout

Enabling or Disabling the SVC Inactivity Timeout

Setting the SVC Inactivity Timeout

Setting the Framing Mode

Setting the Clock Source

Setting the Physical Line Length (DS3 Modules Only)

Enabling or Disabling DS3/E3 Scrambling

Editing ATM FRE-2 Lines

Enabling or Disabling an ATM FRE-2 Circuit

Setting the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

Enabling or Disabling Data Path Notify

Setting the Data Path Notify Timeout

Enabling or Disabling the SVC Inactivity Timeout

Setting the SVC Inactivity Timeout

Editing ATM/ALC Physical Attributes

Editing E1 Lines

Enabling or Disabling an E1 Line

Enabling or Disabling CRC Checking

Enabling or Disabling High-Density Bipolar Coding

Setting the Clock Source

Assigning Channel Functions

Editing HSSI Lines

Enabling or Disabling a HSSI Line