ATMEL TK5561A-PP User Manual

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Features

• 65 ms Cycle Time for Crypto Algorithm Programming

• Encryption Time < 10 ms, < 30 ms Optional

• Identification Transponder in Plastic Cube

• Contactless Read/Write Data Transmission

• High-security Crypto Algorithm Optional

• Inductive Coupled Power Supply at 125 kHz

• Basic Component R/W e5561 IDIC

• Built-in Coil and Capacitor for Circuit Antenna

• Starts with Cyclical Data Read Out

• Self-adapting Resonance Frequency (Optional)

• 128-bit User-programmable EEPROM

• Typical < 50 ms to Write and Verify a Block

• Read/Write Protection by Lock Bits

• Options Set by EEPROM:

– Bit Rate (Bit/s): Rf/32, Rf/64
– Modulaton: Manchester, Biphase

â

Read/Write
Crypto
Transponder for
Short Cycle

Application

• Car Immobilizers with Higher Security Level

• High-security Identification Systems

Description

The TK5561A-PP is a complete transponder integrating all important functions for
immobilizer and identification systems. It consists of a plastic cube which accommo­dates the crypto IDIC e5561A and the antenna realized as tuned LC-circuit. The
TK5561A-PP is a R/W crypto transponder for applications which demand higher secu­rity levels than those which standard R/W transponders can fulfil. For this reason, the
TK5561A-PP has an additional encryption algorithm block which enables a base sta­tion to authenticate the transponder. Any attempt to fake the base station with a wrong
transponder will be recognized immediately. For authentication, the base station trans­mits a challenge to the TK5561A-PP. This challenge is encrypted by both the IC and
the base station. Both should possess the same secret key. Only then can the results
be expected to be equal.

For detailed technical information about functions, configurations etc., please refer to
the e5561 data sheet.

Time

TK5561A-PP

Rev. 4682A–RFID–02/03

1

Figure 1. Transponder and Base Station

Base station

U2270B read/write IC

MARC4 series mc

Figure 2. Block Diagram

RF field

Power

ID

Challenge

Response

Transponder TK5561A-PP

(e5561A + coil + C in plastic cube)

C

e5561A

Coil

Coil 1

Coil 2

MODULATOR

CRYPTO CIRCUIT

D
N
E

T
P
A
D
A

T
N
O
R
F

G
O

L
A
N
A

V

V

DD

SS

R
E

E

D

T

I

O

R

C

W

E
D

R

E

O

T

T

A

A

R

R
E

T

I

N

B

E
G

MODE REGISTER

CONTROLLER

crypto control

OP-code detect
EEPROM control
read/write control

TESTLOGIC

Test pads

Memory

(320 bit EEPROM)

crypto key

64 or 128 bit ID code

INPUT REGISTER

POR

R
O

T
A
R
E
N
E
G

V
H

2

TK5561A-PP

4682A–RFID–02/03

TK5561A-PP

General The transponder is the mobile part of the closed coupled identification system (see Fig-

ure 1), whereas the read/write base station is based on the U2270B or on discrete
solutions, and the read/write transponder is based on the e5561A IDIC.

The transponder is a plastic-cube device consisting of the following parts:

• The transponder antenna, with a tuned LC-circuit

• Read/write IDIC

Transponder Antenna The antenna consists of a coil and a capacitor for tuning the circuit to the nominal carrier

frequency of 125 kHz. The coil has a ferrite core to improve the read, write and program­ming operation distances.

(e5561A) with EEPROM

Read/Write Crypto
Identification

The e5561A is a member of the Atmel's contactless IDentification IC (IDIC) family,
which are used in applications where information has to be transmitted without contacts.
The IDIC is connected to a tuned LC circuit for power supply and bidirectional data com­munication (Read/Write) to a base station.

The on-chip non-volatile memory of the 320-bit EEPROM (10 blocks, 32 bits each) can
be read and written blockwise by a read/write base station, e.g. based on the U2270B.
Up to four blocks consisting of the user programmable ID code, the crypto key and con­figurations are stored in six blocks. The crypto key and the ID code can be individually
protected against overwriting.

The typical operational frequency of the TK5561A-PP is 125 kHz. Two data bit rates are
programmable: Rf/32 and Rf/64. During the reading operation the incoming RF field is
dampened bit-wise by an on-chip load. This AM-modulation is detected by the field gen­erating base station unit. Data transmission starts after power-up with the transmission
of the ID code and continues as long as the TK5561A-PP is powered.

Writing is carried out by means of Atmel's patented writing method. To transmit data to
the TK5561A-PP the read/write base station has to interrupt the RF field for a short time
to create a field gap. The information is encoded in the number of clock cycles between
two subsequent gaps.

See the e5561A data sheet for detailed information of the IDIC.

4682A–RFID–02/03

3

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter Symbol Value Unit

Operating temperature range T
Storage temperature range T
Maximum assembly temperature, t < 5 min T
Magnetic field strength at 125 kHz H

amb

stg

ass

pp

-40 to +85 °C

-40 to +125 °C
170 °C

1000 A/m

Operating Characteristics Transponder

T

= 25°C, f = 125 kHz unless otherwise specified

amb

Parameters Test Conditions Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit

Inductance L4.2mH

LC circuit, H

Resonance frequency T
Quality factor Q

Magnetic Field Strength (H)

Max. field strength where
transponder does not modulate

Minimum Field Strength (H)

Read mode

Programming mode

Lowest adapt frequency f
Highest adapt frequency f
Data retention EEPROM T = 25°Ct
Programming cycles EEPROM
Programming time/block RF = 125 kHz t
Maximum field strength H

= 20 A/m

pp

= -40 to +85°C f

amb

No influence to other transponders

H

r

LC

pp not

121 125 129 kHz

5811

in the field

T

= -40°CH

amb

= 25°CH

T

amb

= 85°CH

T

amb

T

= -40°CH

amb

= 25°CH

T

amb

= 85°CH

T

amb

pp -40

pp 25

pp 85

pp -40

pp 25

pp 85

LA

HA

retention

p

pp max

118 121 124.5 kHz
125 128 131.5 kHz

10 Years

100,000

5A/m

24 A/m
18 A/m
15 A/m
30 A/m
35 A/m
40 A/m

16 ms

600 A/m

4

TK5561A-PP

4682A–RFID–02/03

Figure 3. Typical Curve for Degree of Modulation

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

DV (V)

0.1

0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Hpp (A/m)

Figure 4. Measurement of the Degree of Modulation

TK5561A-PP

V2V1

V1 V2–

m

------------ ---------=

V1 V2+

4682A–RFID–02/03

5

Measurement
Assembly

All parameters are measured in a Helmholtz-arrangement, which generates a homoge­nous magnetic field (see Figure 5 and Figure 6). A function generator drives the field
generating coils, so the magnetic field can be varied in frequency and field strength.

Figure 5. Testing Application

SENSING COILS ( IN PHASE )

OUTPUT
VOLTAGE

REFERENCE COIL
( IN PHASE )

TK5561A-PP

FIELD GENERATING
COILS ( IN PHASE )

FUNCTION

GENERATOR

SUBTRACTOR

REFERENCE COIL ( IN PHASE )

AMPLIFIER
1:10

Figure 6. Testing Geometry

l = 30 mm

Transponder

22 mm d = 60 mm

REFERENCE COIL

FIELD GENERATING COIL

SENSING COIL

5 mm

SENSING COIL

FIELD GENERATING COIL

REFERENCE COIL

6

TK5561A-PP

4682A–RFID–02/03

TK5561A-PP

Writing Data into the
TK5561A-PP

A write sequence of the TK5561A-PP is shown in Figure 7. Writing data into the tran­sponder occurs by interrupting the RF field with short gaps. After the start gap the write
op-code (10) is transmitted. The next 32 bits contain the actual data. The last 4 bits
denote the destination block address. If the correct number of bits have been received,
the actual data is programmed into the specified memory block.

Figure 7. Write Protocol to Program the EEPROM

RF field

Read mode

Writing Data
Decoding

Standard op-code

1

0

Start gap

Write mode

The time elapsing between two detected gaps is used to encode the information. As
soon as a gap is detected, a counter starts counting the number of field clock cycles
until the next gap is detected. Depending on how many field clocks elapse, the data is
regarded as 0 or 1. The required number of field clocks is shown in Figure 8. A valid 0 is
assumed if the number of counted clock periods is between 16 and 31, for a valid 1 it is
48 or 63 respectively. Any other value being detected results in an error and the device
exits write mode and returns to read mode.

32 bit

Address bits (e.g. block 2)

0

1 0 0

> 64 clocks

Figure 8. Write Data Decoding Scheme

11632Field clock cycles

fail 0 fail 1 writing doneWrite data decoder

Actual Device
Behavior

The TK5561A-PP detects a gap if the voltage across the coils decreases below a peak­to-peak value of about 800 mV. Until then, the clock pulses are counted. The number
given for a valid 0 or 1 (see Figure 8) refers to the actual clock pulses counted by the
device. However, there are always more clock pulses being counted than were applied
by the base station. The reason for this is the fact that an RF field cannot be switched off
immediately. The coil voltage decreases exponentially. So although the RF field coming
from the base station is switched off, it takes some time until the voltage across the coils
reaches the threshold peak-to-peak value of about 800 mV and the device detects the
gap. Referring to the following diagram Figure 9, this means that the device uses the
times t
cation (e.g., field strength, etc.)

Typical time frames are:

t

= 60 to 140 µs

0

= 300 to 400 µs

t

1

t

gap

Antennas with a high Q-factor require longer times for t
and t1.

48 64

EOT

internal and t1 internal. The exact times for t0 and t1 are dependent on the appli-

0

= 150 to 400 µs

and shorter time values for t

gap

0

4682A–RFID–02/03

7

Figure 9. Ideal and Actual Signal Behavior

Coil
voltage

Gap detect

t

gap

t

0

t

1

1 0 1

Ideal behavior

RF level reduces to zero immediately

Coil

voltage

Gap detect

Actual behavior

RF level decreases exponentially

t

t

gap

1

t

0

1 0 1

t

1 internal

t

0 internal

Operating Distance The maximum distance between the base station and the TK5561A-PP depends mainly

on the base station, the coil geometries and the chosen modulation options. Typical dis­tances are 0 to 3 cm. A general maximum distance value cannot be given. A convenient
way is to measure the TK5561A-PP within its environment. Rules for a correct base-sta­tion design can be provided upon request (see Antenna Design Guide).

Application

Figure 10. Complete Transponder System with the U2270B Read/Write IC

5 V

5 V

C31

470 kW

47 nF

1.5 nF

4.7 kW

r
e

w
o
P

22 mF

680 pF

1N4148

1.2 nF

1.35 mH

V

V

S

S

EXT

U2270B

RF

MS

CFE

OE

Standby

Output

Gain

Read/Write

circuit

V

Batt

DV

Input

COIL2

R

COIL1

a

t
a

D

DGND GND

110 kW

100 nF

BP00
BP01
BP02
BP03
BP10

V

DD

M44C260

osc IN

osc OUT

Micro-

controller

V

SS

32 kHz

e5561A

Transponde
r

TK5561A-PP

8

TK5561A-PP

f

res

1

LC

2

p

kHz

125

==

4682A–RFID–02/03

Mechanical Specification

Figure 11. Mechanical Drawing of Transponder

Dimensions in mm

TK5561A-PP

Ordering Information

Extended Type Number Package Remarks

TK5561A-PP – A = Version of e5561 IDIC

4682A–RFID–02/03

9

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© Atmel Corporation 2003.

Atmel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products, other than those expressly contained in the Company’s standard warranty
which is detailed in Atmel’s Terms and Conditions located on the Company’s web site. The Company assumes no responsibility for any errors
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Ò

stands for IDentification Integrated Circuit and is a registered trademark of Atmel Germany GmbH.

IDIC

Other terms and product names may be the trademarks of others.

Printed on recycled paper.

4682A–RFID–02/03

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