Atec ESIB User Manual
EMI Test Receivers ¸ESIB
Data sheet
Version
03.00
January
2006
Outstanding performance
High sensitivity
◆
Low inherent noise
◆
Wide dynamic range
◆
High measurement speed
◆
Preselection and preamplifi cation
◆
Automatic overload detection
◆
Autoranging
◆
2nd RF input with pulse protection
◆
EMI measurements up to 40 GHz conforming to standards
Current standards
Correct weighting of pulses in
◆
accordance with CISPR 16-1-1 and
VDE 0876
All commercial and military standards
◆
such as CISPR, EN, ETS, FCC, VDE,
ANSI, VCCI, MIL-STD, VG,
DEF-STAN, etc
Straightforward operation
Bright 24 cm LC color display
◆
Analog level display for each detector
◆
(parallel operation)
Split-screen display for detailed
◆
analysis
Receiver-oriented operating concept
◆
allowing manual operation
Internal test routines for automated
◆
and interactive EMI measurements
The ¸ESIB family of EMI test receivers combines the high sensitivity, large
dynamic range and selectivity of a highend test receiver with the fl exibility and
speed of a top-class spectrum analyzer
in one instrument.
The ¸ESIB family comprises three
models with different upper frequency
limits:
¸ESIB 7 (20 Hz to 7 GHz)
◆
¸ESIB 26 (20 Hz to 26.5 GHz)
◆
¸ESIB 40 (20 Hz to 40 GHz)
◆
The upper frequency limit of the
¸ESIB 26 and ¸ESIB 40 can be
extended up to 110 GHz by means of
external mixers (option ¸FSE-B21
required).
All three models have the following
characteristics:
High sensitivity
◆
Excellent large-signal immunity
◆
Low measurement uncertainty
◆
High measurement speed
◆
Standard-conforming
measurements
The ¸ESIB carries out measurements
in conformance with all commercial and
military EMI standards such as CISPR,
EN, VDE, ANSI, FCC, BS, ETS, VCCI,
MIL-STD, VG, DEF-STAN, DO 160 and
GAM EG 13. It goes without saying that
the ¸ESIB family complies with
the basic standard, i.e. CISPR 16-1-1 or
VDE 0876, which places stringent
requirements on receiver dynamic range.
Test routines oriented to
practical requirements
During the various development phases
of a product, different measurements are
performed as required for each stage.
The ¸ESIB family offers appropriate
features and routines for the different
development stages.
Early in development, functional measurements play the predominant role.
While EMI measurements are important right from the beginning to avoid
re designs, the ¸ESIB at this stage
primarily functions as a high-grade
spectrum analyzer.
The ¸ESIB is outstanding for its low
inherent noise, high intermodulation
suppression and low SSB phase noise.
Moreover, the ¸ESIB provides all
test routines offered by modern spectrum analyzers, such as noise measurement, phase noise measurement,
channel and adjacent-channel power
measurement as well as time-domain
measurement.
As development progresses, EMI measurements become more and more
important, for example on modules and
their interfaces. Measurements are
frequently carried out using sensors,
probes or current transformers. Interference analysis and referencing of results
to limit values are important. Here, too,
the ¸ESIB family meets all relevant
requirements in terms of performance,
functionality and economy of operation:
Fast overview measurements with
◆
linear or logarithmic frequency scale
in spectrum analyzer mode (sweep
mode) or in test receiver mode (scan
mode) with tuning in user-defi ned
frequency steps with selectable
measuring times per step
Bandwidths conforming to
◆
CISPR 16-1-1 (200 Hz, 9 kHz, 120 kHz
and 1 MHz) and MIL-STD (10 Hz to
1 MHz), plus 10 MHz bandwidth, and
analyzer bandwidths between 1 Hz
and 10 MHz, selectable in steps of 1,
2, 3 and 5
2 EMI Test Receivers ¸ESIB
Pulse weighting using quasi-peak,
◆
peak, average and CISPR-average
detectors; the detectors operate in
parallel and can be switched in as
required
User-selectable transducer factors
◆
for the output of results in the correct
unit; transducer factors for practically
any number of transducers can be
stored on the internal hard disk;
active transducers are powered and
coded via a socket on the ¸ESIB
front panel
User-defi nable limit lines with lin-
◆
ear or logarithmic frequency scale;
Overview measurement
limit lines are stored on the internal
hard disk
Time-domain measurements at up
◆ The excellent characteristics and func-
to 50 ns resolution for interference
source analysis
tions of the ¸ESIB family come into
their own when compliance with relevant EMI standards is to be verifi ed on
the fi nished product. This may involve
limit values for RFI voltage measurements using artifi cial mains networks,
Specifi cations in brief
Frequency range
◆
Input 1: 20 Hz to 7/26.5/40 GHz
–
Input 2: 20 Hz to 1 GHz
–
Preselection in receiver mode (fi xed) and analyzer mode (selectable)
◆
Three fi xed-tuned and six or seven tracking fi lters (models .26 and .40)
◆
Preamplifi er with 20 dB gain switch-selectable in conjunction with preselector
◆
Resolution bandwidths
◆
200 Hz, 9 kHz, 120 kHz in accordance with CISPR 16-1-1,
–
10 Hz to 10 MHz, in decadic steps (6 dB bandwidths,
–
receiver and analyzer mode)
1 Hz to 10 MHz, adjustable in steps of 1/2/3/5 (3 dB bandwidths,
–
analyzer mode)
Parallel detectors (max. 4) in receiver mode
◆
Peak, average, CISPR-average, quasi-peak and RMS
Automatic scan
◆
Four storable traces with up to 80 000 measured values each
(250 000 values with one trace)
Internal controller (Windows NT)
◆
for RFI fi eld-strength measurements by
means of test antennas, or for RFI power
measurements with absorbing clamps.
Especially measurements using artifi cial
mains networks and absorbing clamps
put the pulse-handling capability of the
RF input to a severe test. The ¸ESIB
solves this problem by means of a
second, pulse-protected input for the
frequency range from 20 Hz to 1 GHz. In
the case of the ¸ESIB 7, for example, this input can handle pulses with
voltages up to 1500 V and powers up
to 30 mWs without any damage being
caused. Pulses generated by artifi cial
mains networks during phase switching
or during RFI power measurements on
ignition cables using absorbing clamps
pose no problem.
The input bandwidth of the frontend is
limited by preselection fi lters to reduce
the total voltage level at the input mixer
to an extent compatible with the wide
dynamic range required for quasi-peak
detection in the CISPR frequency range.
EMI Test Receivers ¸ESIB 3
1 3
2
Fig. 1:
Sensitivity in 30 MHz to 1000 MHz range at 120 kHz IF bandwidth,
with peak detector and transducer factors for antenna + cable, displayed with limit lines for quasi-peak
Fig. 2:
Scan table for CISPR bands A to C/D
Fig. 3:
Inherent noise from 30 Hz to 100 kHz with limit values in line with
MIL-STD-461D RE 101, using the Shielded and Calibrated Magnetic
Field Pickup Coil ¸HZ-10
Figs. 4 to 7:
Example of transducer set: combination of antenna + cable
Up to 2 MHz, the ¸ESIB family
uses fi xed-tuned fi lters; from 2 MHz to
1000 MHz, the preselection fi lters operate as tracking fi lters.
An autorange function is available for
the automatic setting of attenuation and
gain in the RF and IF signal paths. This
function ensures the correct combination of attenuation and gain depending
on the test level or any overload of a signal stage caused by pulses or sinusoidal signals. So the operator is not burdened with the internal workings of the
test receiver.
4 EMI Test Receivers ¸ESIB
To measure extremely small voltage
levels occurring, for example, in EMI
measurements on vehicle antennas in
line with CISPR 25, the ¸ESIB family
offers a 20 dB preamplifi er from 9 kHz to
7 GHz (above 7 GHz as option
¸ESIB-B2). The preamplifi er is located between the RF preselection and the
input mixer to be protected against overload. With this preamplifi er, the inherent noise of the ¸ESIB is lowered to
such an extent that the RFI fi eld strength
obtained in an overview measurement
using the peak detector, a log- periodic
antenna (e.g. ¸HL 223) and a 10 m
connecting cable clearly remains below
the EN 55022 quasi-peak limit (Fig. 1).
Fig. 2 shows the SCAN table stipulated
for commercial EMI measurements as a
function of the prescribed CISPR bandwidths.
To achieve high sensitivity in measurements in line with MIL-STD-461D RE 101
in the frequency range from 30 Hz, the
unavoidable feedthrough of the 1st LO
at the input mixer is suppressed by self-
4
6
5
alignment of the mixer. The ¸ESIB
consequently features suffi cient inherent
noise suppression with respect to relevant limit values even at the lower frequency limit (Fig. 3).
Defi nition of
standard test sequences
To meet the requirements of relevant
standards, measurements over various
frequency ranges and bandwidths have
to be performed, using different step
sizes and measurement times or differ-
ent receiver settings regarding RF attenuation and preamplifi cation. It must also
be possible to confi gure a scan matched
to DUT characteristics. For this purpose,
the ¸ESIB offers a user-confi gurable
scan table with up to ten subranges.
Calibration values for transducer factors
of absorbing clamps or antennas, for
example, are stored in tables and can be
switched on as required. The transducer
factors can also be combined into transducer sets, for example to display the
i nterference spectrum in the correct unit
dBμV/m in measurements with an
antenna and a connecting cable
(Figs. 4 to 7).
7
EMI emissions are usually measured in
two steps. An overview measurement
performed with the peak detector identifi es critical emissions above or close
to limit values (Fig. 8). In a second measurement with the prescribed CISPR
detectors and an appropriate measurement time, the critical frequencies are
checked for compliance with limit values. The ¸ESIB family supports this
procedure by two independent measurement windows on the screen and offers
automatic or interactive evaluation functions for preview measurements, generation of a peak list (data reduction) and
fi nal measurement.
EMI Test Receivers ¸ESIB 5
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